Rare Periodicals

Philippines

Media

Part of Philippines

Title

Philippines

Issue Date

Volume III (Issue No. 3) May 6, 1943

Publisher

Commonwealth of the Philippines

Year

1943

Language

English

Subject

Philippines--History--Periodicals.

Philippines--History--19th century--Periodicals.

Philippines—Foreign relations--United States--Periodicals.

Philippines--Politics and government--Periodicals.

Rights

Place of publication

Washington, D. C.

extracted text

Volume Ill, Number 3 PUBLISHED BY THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES 1617 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. May 6, 1943 Connuonwealth Government Oflicials Broadcast to the Philippines J\'} ANUEL L. QUEZON inaugurated early last month a series oi official bro~dcasts beamed t0 the Philippines through the radio faciliries of the Office of \Var Information, and intended to gi,·e a factual report of the activities of the governmenr in exile now in \Vashingron, ro the people of the Philippines. He advised our counrrymen co maintain their faith in the Unired States and co ignore the Japanese propaganda that Philippine independence can ever come from Japan. "Not many days ago I spoke ro you about how the Japanese invader is trying by every possible device to win your goodwill and cooperation, and to destroy your faith in America," said the President. "He tells you that America has completely neglecred you, and that your freedom and independence can only come from Japan. Don"t believe this. A nation where freedom of speech and of the press is a thing unknown, a nation where everything is state-controlled, from raw materials to political ideas and idealssuch a nation can not be expected to give freedom co the peoples it has conquered.'" President Quewn pointed out that for the last eight months the Japanese had not scored a single viccory but that, on the contrary, they had suffered serious defeats in many places in the Pacific. "'Japan will never cell you about her defeats," said President Quezon. "'Japan does not want you co know what the Government of the United States and your own Philippine Government are doing to hasten the liberation of our country." The President assured his people that the day of Philippine liberation would surely come. "We must remember that, in this grim fight for freedom, we are not alone,"' he continued. "We roust remember that every victory our allies win in Russia, in Africa or anywhere in the Pacific brings us closer and closer to freedom and victory." The President concluded: "All I ask of you is that you have faith in America, that you have faith in the great destiny of our country, and that you be true to the soldiers who died so gallantly for our country's freedom. Mga Kababayan: Araw aJ gabi hindi ko kayo linilimm." SEJH;Jo OSJ\1ENr\. \'1tc President of the Philippines. outlined rlucc m.1in :1d1icvcments of the Commonwe,1lrh Covc:rnmcm 111 his bro.LUC!>[ ro th<: Philippines. He pointed out: (I) The Philippines is now a nKmbcr of the United N,uions, resulting in the virtu.1! recognition of the Commonwealth ;1s an independent nation. ( 2) The Philippines has gained a seat in the Pacific War Council. a body working to hasten Japanese defeat. ( 3) President Roosevelt and President Quezon have agreed co set up a joint commission to study problems of Philippine economic reconstruction, financial rehabilitation ·and future security. "Rest assured, then, my beloved countrymen, that your own Government-in-Exile and the United States Government are straining every effort not only to hasten the day of redemption and freedom, but also co lay the solid foundation of economic stability and security for the future Philippine Republic-a Republic chat will, with a United Nations victory, take its place among the free nations of the earth," the Vice-President concluded. JOAQUIN M. ELIZALDE, Philippine Resident Commissioner, gave the Filipino people a detailed report of the war activities of Filipinos in the United States. He mentioned the First Filipino Infantry now in uaioing in California; the Filipinos serving in the United States Navy, the Coast Guard, Army transports aod merchant marine; Filipino workers in defense industries and on farms, and the Filipinos in all walks of life buying war bonds regularly. · Swruning up the contributions of Filipinos on all fronts, the Commissioner said, "Service, money, life--these are the. contributions of the Filipinos in the United States to the successful prosecution of this war. It's their way of fullilling President Quezon's pledge that 'We stand with the United States in life and in death.' " MAT. GEX. BASlLIO T. \':\LDES. Chief of Src1ff of che Philippine Army. infor~ed rhe Filipino people tlm Americ,1 has seize.:l rhe offensi,·e iniciarive in rhe Sonrhwest Pacific. Disclaiming anr :mempr co r,1ise false hopes. he answered the question, "Ho~· soon will the Japanese be dri,·en out oi the Philippines?"· in the lighc of developments in the first fourteen months of ~rnr. "There is no doubt that America has begun the job of bearing Japan," he said. '"Ir will take a long rime yet of bitter fighting to bring her co her knees. Bue whether it rakes months or years, one thing is certain-the job is going co be done, and done uncompromisingly." The General concluded with President Ro11s~,·dc"s address to the American people in which che President declared: "\\7e do not expecc co spend che rime 11 would cake co bring Japan to final defeat by inching our way forward from island to island across rhe ,·asc expanse of the Pacific. Great and decisive actions against the Japanese will be taken in the skies of China-and in chc skies o\·er Japan itself. The discussions at Casablanca ha,·c been continued in Chungking with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek by General Arnold and ha\·e resulted in definite plans ior offensive operations. There are many roads which lead righc w Tokyo. And we're nor going tO neglect any of chem." Quezon Pleacls for Pacific Aid E XPRESSlNG grave concern o\·er recent reports of Japanese naval concentration in the island arc north of Auscrnlia and a new Japanese mass air offensi\•e on allied Southwest Pacific bases, Presidem Manuel L. Quezon issued this statement on April 15: '"The whole world knows that my heart is in the Philip· pines; and I cannot forget that the fate of the Filipino people, who are now under the iron heel of a ruthless enemy, is bound up with the course of rhe war in the Pacific. "Japan must nor be allowed co make further gains. She must not be granted time co devote all her energies to consolidating her position and mastering the immense natural resources now available to her-resources even greater chan those available to Hider. To give Japan the chance ro do these things would mean very serious risks for rhe United Nations and would raise tremendously the price of her ultimate defeat in lives and in sacrifices. "I hope, therefore, that steps will be taken--and taken immediately-to strengthen our arms in the Pacific, at least enough to stop Japan in her tracks. "It is true that, in waging this global war, many coldblooded decisions must be made. There have been, and no doubt will continue to be, times when whole battlefronts and even whole nations will be considered temporarily expendable in order to win the final victory. But it is impossible for me to conceive that the entire Far East is expendable." 2 J All'.IE HER.i"\IANDEZ. i\udit0r-(jencr.il of the Philip· pines, assured rhe Filipino people char che Commonwealth (~m·ernmcnt will be as financially sound at che end of the war as ir was before the Japanese im·as1on of rhe Philip· pines. The Auditor-General reported that practically all the funds of d1e Philippine Government were saved from Jap;111ese hands and that the inreresr accruing co Go"ernmenr bends and funds on deposit in the United Scares is sufficient co meet rhe much-reduced expenses of running the Gov· ernment. the payment of interest on Government bond issues, and rhe p<tyment of allowances co Government pensionados and to young Filipino srnd~ncs scr.rnded in the United Scares. Mr. Hernandez stated char rhe Commonwealth Go\'crnment is keeping its expenses within ics limited income. "\Ve are sa,·ing every peso we can for chc d.iy of viuory,"' he said. "And when that day comes. as come ic muse, your Government will be financially pre-pared for the gigantic ra~k of our country's reconstruction.'' This he believed possible through cone inucd co11p(·r.11ion between the United Scates and the Philippines. He con· eluded, "'With the economic assistance of the United Stares, we can face rhe future with confidence. \X'irh Cod's help. we can look forward co a greater. stronger. more prosperous Philippines." Tribute to Wainwright On April 19 President Quezon paid tribute to the gallant defender of Bataan and Corregidor, Lt. Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright, on the occasion of the President's participation in rhc state ceremonies honoring General Wainwright and the heroes of Bataan and Corregidor, at Hart· ford, Connecticut. He reminded his audience that in thus rendering due honor to General Wainwright, who was the son of the State, they should remember that they owed him more than a citation. "You owe him," President Quezon emphasized, "the pledge that he will soon be freed from the prison camp; that the flag of freedom will again fly over Corregidor, and chat the Filipino people will be liberated from the invader, governing themselves under the independent Republic they will establish after the enemy is driven out." The full text of the President's address follows: "I have come ro share with you the sentiments that in· spire chis official recognition, by rhe General Assembly of the State of Connecticut, of the gallantry and heroism of chat great soldier, Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wain· wright, and his American and Filipino officers and men. "The memory of those desperate days of fighting in the Philippines is always with me, and my heart is pierced by chat memory. I think of those fighting men-yours and PHILIPPINES MAT. GEX. BASlLIO T. \':\LDES. Chief of Src1ff of che Philippine Army. infor~ed rhe Filipino people tlm Americ,1 has seize.:l rhe offensi,·e iniciarive in rhe Sonrhwest Pacific. Disclaiming anr :mempr co r,1ise false hopes. he answered the question, "Ho~· soon will the Japanese be dri,·en out oi the Philippines?"· in the lighc of developments in the first fourteen months of ~rnr. "There is no doubt that America has begun the job of bearing Japan," he said. '"Ir will take a long rime yet of bitter fighting to bring her co her knees. Bue whether it rakes months or years, one thing is certain-the job is going co be done, and done uncompromisingly." The General concluded with President Ro11s~,·dc"s address to the American people in which che President declared: "\\7e do not expecc co spend che rime 11 would cake co bring Japan to final defeat by inching our way forward from island to island across rhe ,·asc expanse of the Pacific. Great and decisive actions against the Japanese will be taken in the skies of China-and in chc skies o\·er Japan itself. The discussions at Casablanca ha,·c been continued in Chungking with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek by General Arnold and ha\·e resulted in definite plans ior offensive operations. There are many roads which lead righc w Tokyo. And we're nor going tO neglect any of chem." Quezon Pleacls for Pacific Aid E XPRESSlNG grave concern o\·er recent reports of Japanese naval concentration in the island arc north of Auscrnlia and a new Japanese mass air offensi\•e on allied Southwest Pacific bases, Presidem Manuel L. Quezon issued this statement on April 15: '"The whole world knows that my heart is in the Philip· pines; and I cannot forget that the fate of the Filipino people, who are now under the iron heel of a ruthless enemy, is bound up with the course of rhe war in the Pacific. "Japan must nor be allowed co make further gains. She must not be granted time co devote all her energies to consolidating her position and mastering the immense natural resources now available to her-resources even greater chan those available to Hider. To give Japan the chance ro do these things would mean very serious risks for rhe United Nations and would raise tremendously the price of her ultimate defeat in lives and in sacrifices. "I hope, therefore, that steps will be taken--and taken immediately-to strengthen our arms in the Pacific, at least enough to stop Japan in her tracks. "It is true that, in waging this global war, many coldblooded decisions must be made. There have been, and no doubt will continue to be, times when whole battlefronts and even whole nations will be considered temporarily expendable in order to win the final victory. But it is impossible for me to conceive that the entire Far East is expendable." 2 J All'.IE HER.i"\IANDEZ. i\udit0r-(jencr.il of the Philip· pines, assured rhe Filipino people char che Commonwealth (~m·ernmcnt will be as financially sound at che end of the war as ir was before the Japanese im·as1on of rhe Philip· pines. The Auditor-General reported that practically all the funds of d1e Philippine Government were saved from Jap;111ese hands and that the inreresr accruing co Go"ernmenr bends and funds on deposit in the United Scares is sufficient co meet rhe much-reduced expenses of running the Gov· ernment. the payment of interest on Government bond issues, and rhe p<tyment of allowances co Government pensionados and to young Filipino srnd~ncs scr.rnded in the United Scares. Mr. Hernandez stated char rhe Commonwealth Go\'crnment is keeping its expenses within ics limited income. "\Ve are sa,·ing every peso we can for chc d.iy of viuory,"' he said. "And when that day comes. as come ic muse, your Government will be financially pre-pared for the gigantic ra~k of our country's reconstruction.'' This he believed possible through cone inucd co11p(·r.11ion between the United Scates and the Philippines. He con· eluded, "'With the economic assistance of the United Stares, we can face rhe future with confidence. \X'irh Cod's help. we can look forward co a greater. stronger. more prosperous Philippines." Tribute to Wainwright On April 19 President Quezon paid tribute to the gallant defender of Bataan and Corregidor, Lt. Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright, on the occasion of the President's participation in rhc state ceremonies honoring General Wainwright and the heroes of Bataan and Corregidor, at Hart· ford, Connecticut. He reminded his audience that in thus rendering due honor to General Wainwright, who was the son of the State, they should remember that they owed him more than a citation. "You owe him," President Quezon emphasized, "the pledge that he will soon be freed from the prison camp; that the flag of freedom will again fly over Corregidor, and chat the Filipino people will be liberated from the invader, governing themselves under the independent Republic they will establish after the enemy is driven out." The full text of the President's address follows: "I have come ro share with you the sentiments that in· spire chis official recognition, by rhe General Assembly of the State of Connecticut, of the gallantry and heroism of chat great soldier, Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wain· wright, and his American and Filipino officers and men. "The memory of those desperate days of fighting in the Philippines is always with me, and my heart is pierced by chat memory. I think of those fighting men-yours and PHILIPPINES ours-battling side by side until the bitter end. Their weapons were practically those of a bygone military age. They fought against an enemy superior to them in numbers, an enemy armed with all the modern cools of \nr. And yet. they held him at bay for a time. Bur, in the end, they were defeated by the cruel combination of bullets :md bombs. hunger and disease. and sheer fatigue. "I am proud of chat memory-as you all must be, coo. For, in the bnguage of Gener.ii l\facArthur. no army has done so much with so little. '"From the first day of the war, Jonathan \\7ainwright was in the from lines. facing the enemy and brilliantly executing the plan of defense bid out by General Headquarters. "MacArthur and ·wainwright-they made a superb team. And they commanded a superb body of men. Only such a combination of military leadership and fighting forces could have climbed co the heights of human glory where rests the n::une of the men of Bataan and Corregidor. "General \\7ainwrighr was given supreme command of the heroes of Bataan and Corregidor after General MacArthur was ordered co proceed co Australia. No soldier ever faced inexorable destiny with more bravery than did General Wainwright, nor e"l'er led his troops toward certain doom with grearer glorr. He lose the battle. Bur he won the :idmirarion of the world for his army of Filipinos and Americans-he won the respect of mankind for his country and the Philippines-he won a furure freedom and security for the Filipino people who had fought by his side. ""Now General \':?ainwright is a prisoner in the hands of ;t ruthless enemy. The flag for which he risked his life has been hauled down. His men lie in bloodstained graves under the skies of Bataan, or they languish, with him, in the enemy's prison camps. And the seventeen million people of the Philippines are enslaved. 'You people of Connecricur arc rendering due honor co a great General who is rhe son of a proud Stare. Bue you owe Jonathan Wainwright more than chis. ""You owe him the pledge that he will soon be freed from the prison camp: that the flag of freedom will again fly over Corregidor, and that the Filipino people- will be liberated from the invader, governing themselves under the independent Republic they will establish after the enemy is driven out. "Then, and only then, will it be sai,! that those who suf· fered and died in the Battle of the Philippines have not died in vain." Vice-President Osmena Stresses Cooperation, Defines Criteria for Lasting Peace A SIGNIFICANT basic refrain runs through VicePresidenr Sergio Osmeiia's speeches, delivered before American and Filipino audiences in various sections of the United Scates-that of Filipino-American cooperation, which found cryscallizarion in the Battle of the Philippines, and which should continue to endure in the hard years ahead. Never is this more clearly presented than in a speech the Vice-President delivered before the Philippine Society of Southern California, on December 5, 1942. "The exemplary cooperation between the United Stares and the Philippines is not new," he said. "It is the logical conrinuation of a cordial relationship thac rook ~oot many years ago and grew warmer as the years ripened. Suspicious and even hosrile at first, the Filipino people learned to trust America because of her sincerity. In 1901, even before the end of the Filipino-American war, the Filipino people first showed their conciliatory attitude by participating in the first municipal elections held under American sovereignty. Then, in 1907, the first Philippine Assembly was established. The Filipino people, through their chosen representatives, decided upon a policy of complete cooperation. From that rime on, a real partnership between the United Stares and the Philippines began." This important theme is also emphasized in other addresses the Vice-President has delivered-in his first speech at the United Nations Rally at Boston, on June 14, 1942; at the Institute of Pacific Relations in New York, on July 13, 1942; in Cincinnati, Ohio, before the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United Stares, on August 31, 1942; before MAY 6, 1943 chc American Women's Voluntary Services of New York City, on October 9, 1942; and more recently, before the Bendix Aviation Plant Employees of New York. In one of his most solid and constructive addresses, delivered at the 47th annual meeting of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, at Philadcl phi a. Pennsylvania, on April 10, 1943, he said: "Peace, if it is co be lasting, can only be a people's peace, and force is not enough to achieve it. Within the domains of a people's peace force must be supplemented by the maintenance of justice, and the cultivation of understanding, goodwill, and cooperation among peoples. Bue, before we can ever hope co achieve harmony and cooperation, we muse first dissipate che distrust of subject peoples, for it is principally to them chat the United Nations address the democratic principles of the Atlantic Charter. This war, in the military sense, may or may noc be won without cheir active collaboration, but an enduring peace can not be established without their whole-hearted support." The full text of the Vice-President's speech follows: THE United Nations are engaged in a war for survival. They are fighting the diabolical attempts of the exponents of force to subject che whole world co perpetual slavery by depriving mankind of all rights and liberties within the four walls of the so-called "new order". A common danger has brought them together, but more lofty aims have also impelled them in their struggle. The United Nations are fighting co establish a new world of freedom ancl justice, of equality and progress, not for a 3 ours-battling side by side until the bitter end. Their weapons were practically those of a bygone military age. They fought against an enemy superior to them in numbers, an enemy armed with all the modern cools of \nr. And yet. they held him at bay for a time. Bur, in the end, they were defeated by the cruel combination of bullets :md bombs. hunger and disease. and sheer fatigue. "I am proud of chat memory-as you all must be, coo. For, in the bnguage of Gener.ii l\facArthur. no army has done so much with so little. '"From the first day of the war, Jonathan \\7ainwright was in the from lines. facing the enemy and brilliantly executing the plan of defense bid out by General Headquarters. "MacArthur and ·wainwright-they made a superb team. And they commanded a superb body of men. Only such a combination of military leadership and fighting forces could have climbed co the heights of human glory where rests the n::une of the men of Bataan and Corregidor. "General \\7ainwrighr was given supreme command of the heroes of Bataan and Corregidor after General MacArthur was ordered co proceed co Australia. No soldier ever faced inexorable destiny with more bravery than did General Wainwright, nor e"l'er led his troops toward certain doom with grearer glorr. He lose the battle. Bur he won the :idmirarion of the world for his army of Filipinos and Americans-he won the respect of mankind for his country and the Philippines-he won a furure freedom and security for the Filipino people who had fought by his side. ""Now General \':?ainwright is a prisoner in the hands of ;t ruthless enemy. The flag for which he risked his life has been hauled down. His men lie in bloodstained graves under the skies of Bataan, or they languish, with him, in the enemy's prison camps. And the seventeen million people of the Philippines are enslaved. 'You people of Connecricur arc rendering due honor co a great General who is rhe son of a proud Stare. Bue you owe Jonathan Wainwright more than chis. ""You owe him the pledge that he will soon be freed from the prison camp: that the flag of freedom will again fly over Corregidor, and that the Filipino people- will be liberated from the invader, governing themselves under the independent Republic they will establish after the enemy is driven out. "Then, and only then, will it be sai,! that those who suf· fered and died in the Battle of the Philippines have not died in vain." Vice-President Osmena Stresses Cooperation, Defines Criteria for Lasting Peace A SIGNIFICANT basic refrain runs through VicePresidenr Sergio Osmeiia's speeches, delivered before American and Filipino audiences in various sections of the United Scates-that of Filipino-American cooperation, which found cryscallizarion in the Battle of the Philippines, and which should continue to endure in the hard years ahead. Never is this more clearly presented than in a speech the Vice-President delivered before the Philippine Society of Southern California, on December 5, 1942. "The exemplary cooperation between the United Stares and the Philippines is not new," he said. "It is the logical conrinuation of a cordial relationship thac rook ~oot many years ago and grew warmer as the years ripened. Suspicious and even hosrile at first, the Filipino people learned to trust America because of her sincerity. In 1901, even before the end of the Filipino-American war, the Filipino people first showed their conciliatory attitude by participating in the first municipal elections held under American sovereignty. Then, in 1907, the first Philippine Assembly was established. The Filipino people, through their chosen representatives, decided upon a policy of complete cooperation. From that rime on, a real partnership between the United Stares and the Philippines began." This important theme is also emphasized in other addresses the Vice-President has delivered-in his first speech at the United Nations Rally at Boston, on June 14, 1942; at the Institute of Pacific Relations in New York, on July 13, 1942; in Cincinnati, Ohio, before the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United Stares, on August 31, 1942; before MAY 6, 1943 chc American Women's Voluntary Services of New York City, on October 9, 1942; and more recently, before the Bendix Aviation Plant Employees of New York. In one of his most solid and constructive addresses, delivered at the 47th annual meeting of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, at Philadcl phi a. Pennsylvania, on April 10, 1943, he said: "Peace, if it is co be lasting, can only be a people's peace, and force is not enough to achieve it. Within the domains of a people's peace force must be supplemented by the maintenance of justice, and the cultivation of understanding, goodwill, and cooperation among peoples. Bue, before we can ever hope co achieve harmony and cooperation, we muse first dissipate che distrust of subject peoples, for it is principally to them chat the United Nations address the democratic principles of the Atlantic Charter. This war, in the military sense, may or may noc be won without cheir active collaboration, but an enduring peace can not be established without their whole-hearted support." The full text of the Vice-President's speech follows: THE United Nations are engaged in a war for survival. They are fighting the diabolical attempts of the exponents of force to subject che whole world co perpetual slavery by depriving mankind of all rights and liberties within the four walls of the so-called "new order". A common danger has brought them together, but more lofty aims have also impelled them in their struggle. The United Nations are fighting co establish a new world of freedom ancl justice, of equality and progress, not for a 3 pri\'ileged n3tion or group of n,1dons. but for all peoples. They are fighting. in the 'l'.·ords of President Roosevelt. "with the objective of sm3shing the milit,1rism imposed by warlords upon their cnsb\'ed peoples-the objccti\'e of liber.ning the subjug.ued n,uions-the objective of est3blishing 3nd securing freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want. ,md freedom from fe.u everywhere in the world." This is a people's 'l'.'ar. The Atlantic Chlrter was fumed on the stormy seas of the Atbmic, but ir is ,1 'l'.'<)rld ch.mer. It c;rnnot be anything less. TI1irry-one nations haYe already subscribed to its declaration of principles. and on this dech1ration are pinned mankind's hopes for a better world. !\'I Y COL'NTRY. the Philippines, is one of the United Nations. Long before the outbreak of rhis w;u. long before the promulgation of the . .\tbntic Charter, the Philippines had already pledged herself ro follow the cause of democ. racy and peace. Our formal adherence ro the Declaration of the United Narions rook place on July 14, 1942, when President l\fanuel L. Quezon, in the name of the Philippines. affixed his signature to that document. The signing of the Declaration by the Philippine Common'l>ealth Go,·ernment has Pacific Our prolonged rcsisc.rnce for(ed J;1p;1n to divert brge rnntinocnts frorn Other w;u-fronts. helped to delay the foll of the £.lSt Indies. l\l.il.1y.1, Sing:tpnrc and Burma, and thwarted the J.1p.rnesc program for an t·arly invasion of Australi3 and Nt·w Zc.1bnd. We- afforded the United States ,·du,1ble time to repair the dcscruction wrought by Japan\ insidious .m.1Ck on Pc.ul Harbor. Thus. while we engaged more .md more of che M1bd11's cronp-; as the Rude of the Philippines hciglm·ned in fury. our allies in the P.icilic were en.1bled co bolsccr rhcir dci<-mes .1ml co prcp.>re 10 dt·.11 counter-blows ag.1inst the wmmnn enemy. Thou>.1nds of bra,·e Filipino and Americ.rn '"!Jicrs pcri,heJ. hm not in vain. TODAY, a full }ear ,1ftcr B.u.1.1n s I.ill, rhc Filipino spirit of rcsist.rn(e persists. Herl' 111 continl'nt.d l 'nir,·d ~r.1rcs .ind Hawaii. thousands of Fd1p1nm. young .11i.I ol.!. luvc r.ill1c'd t11 the war c!Tnrr. Tlwre arc .drl'.1,Jr tW•> rce1m,·nt' nf F1hpino infantry completing chur rr.11;ung 111 ( .. dii,,rn1.>. while mher Filipinos are serv111g 111 v.1riou' u11m • ,f rhc· l 'nitl'J St3tes Army. in the N,I\')'. in die C.<>.1St (-.u.1rd .rnc! 111 the merchant marine. Many <>f 1hun h.1Yc ,,.rn .1L111lll .ind the roll of Filipino dead in \".triou\ front< is kn.~rhcn1ni;. i\!.my Fd1p1n1" .ire >Llb'Crtbtng Ill great historic significance. It did nor airer-or impair, in any sense, the existing constitutional relationship between the United States and rhe Philippines. But, by this single acr, the Philippines gained an imernational personality. Full text of the adclresM deliverccl hv Vice President Sergio Osmena at the 47th 0 annual meeting of the American Academy of Politieal and Social Science, at Philadelphia, Pennsylw.1r b1mds .. in.I working in the w.1r pl.1nts. on the f.irms .rnd pl.1111.1CL1>ns .. ind in the gov<.:r11111ent S(·rvice. V1cwc.-d from the political .111gle, our st.md in the Philippines \\.ts also signifiwnt. By vania, on April 10, 1943. Under the sponsorship of the United States and with the acquiescence of the Other powers, she signed, for rhe firsr rime in her history, a highly political international instrument, in her own name and as an equal. What is the Philippines ro the United Nations? Whar does she hold for rhem, now and in the furure? What con· triburion can she make towards accomplishing the difficult tasks that lie ahead? Broadly stated, the rwo prime objectives of the United Narions are ro win this war and to win the peace that is to follow. This war must be won before peace can come, and rhe peace must be won, roo, in order ro prevent a recurrence of war. Otherwise, rhe vicious cycle of war and peace will continue. THE Philippines, small nation rhar she is, has already made substantial conq-ibucions coward attaining the firsr objecrive. During the early phase of the war in the Pacific, when every United Nations citadel there was crumbling wirh appalling rapidity under Japan's hammer blows, the Philippines alone withstood the enemy's relentless and devastating assaults. Besieged, isolared and oumumbered, Filipino and American soldiers fought and died together on Bataan and Corregidor. With rhe support of rhe entire Filipino people, they waged the Bartle of the Philippines. From the military point of view, this firm srand in the Philippines was valuable ro rhe United Nations. Bataan and Ccrregidor changed the whole course of the war in the 4 our lighting on the side of the United Nations in this war. America's policy of :•!truism and democracy in the Philippines w;1s vindicated. While the defense of the Philippines against foreign aggression is a legal r~sponsibility of rhe United Stares as the sovereign power, we fought nevenheless-willingly and wirhout reserve. The entire people rose in resistance against rhe invader, bearing the brunt of the bloody defense. We kepr our pledge to stand by America "in life and in death". By fighting, we have also given the subject peoples of the world an example of performance of the inescapable duty ro freedom and independence. Any nation rhar believes itself capable and deserving of freedom must defend itself against aggression, no matter how much weaker or less prepared it may be than the aggressor. Its duty is to meet the attack and show irs readiness to assume rhe responsibilities which independence entails. HAVING displayed a high sense of responsibility we have advanced also ~ strong argument in favor of the right of dependent peoples co choose the form of government under which they will Jive. We have proved that the peoples of Asia h• ve as much apcirude for democracy and fri::edom as the peoples of c:!her parts of the world. Indeed, any dependent people, if given the same opporcuniry for training and development that was afforded the Filipino people, will ~e able to develop the habits of discipline and self-conrrol which are essenrial ro rhe maintenance of an orderly and stable government. PHILIPPINES In rhe less immedi;ue bur equ;11ly Yitai ta~k of saving rhe pe;Ke, rhe Philippines sr;mds re;1dy tO cooper;He wi[h rhe United Narions. l-la\·ing been ;1 Yicrim herself of unjus[ified aggression. she narnr.uly is inrerested in any sound plan of world-wide collectiYe sen1riry. logic:tlly. her immedia[e concern will be in her own neighborhood. the Far Easr. The peculiar geogr;1phic;tl :tnd political char;ictcrisncs of that p:m of the globe. wirh irs many thickly populated sr'1res, :md with peoples of di\'erse la11guages. religions. i:usroms and ideologies. h;we made ic a powder keg almos[ as explosi,·e as Europe. The world ag._i:ressors first began to m:irch against freedom when Japan invaded l\fanchuria in I 93 I. le w.1s the Jap:inese ,mack on Pearl Harbor and rhe Philippines rhat brought rhe Uni[ed Stares into rhe fight. \'i7 e know now thar there can be no '"localized w;ir", rha[ aggression in one place results in war elsewhere. The Far E:isr is by no means an exceprion ro rhis new bw governing a shrunken world. WE have learned from past experience char any organization that proposes to preserve peace must have force behind it. If ir lacks the power and faciliries to carry out irs decisions. it will prove impotent against war-minded nae ions and will finally collapse. This was the case wirh the League of Nations. Force, co maintain law and order, is viral in a world society, as it is in any community. Whatever form this force mav assume in the future, whether it be in rern:irional or othen:.•ise, it musr be sufficient to deal with rhe menace where,·er it arises. To this force, rhc: Philippines is ready ro make her comriburion in manpower, materials and facilities. If che Philippines, scracegically located ac rhe intersection of rhe world's airways and sea lanes, is backed by rhe power of the United Stares wich whom she is affiliared by many years of association and by common democraric principles, and becomes a parr of whatever inrernarional force is established by the United Nations after rhe war, she can serve as rhe bastion of law and order in rhe Far Easr. Bue peace-truly lasting peace-cannot be effecrively maintained through force of arms alone, no matter how srrong and concerred ir may be. In facr, no sysrem based purely on force has ever managed to endure, especially when it has to meet rhe rising senrimenr of nationalism. Such a sysrem is bound to engender ill-will and harred. It is also bound ro weaken as soon as dissension and bickering arise among rhose who impose it; and when rhis happens, rhe whole artificial srrucrure collapses. PEACE, if iris to be lasring, can only be a people's peace, and force is nor enough co achieve ir. Within rhe domain of a people's peace, force musr be supplemented by the maintenance of justice, and the culrivation of understanding, goodwill and cooperation among peoples. Bur, before we can ever hope to achieve harmony and cooperation, we musr first dissipate rhe distrust of subjecr peoples, for it is. principally to chem chat the United Na-. rions address the democratic principles of rhe Adanric Charter. This war, in rhe military sense, may or may not be won without rheir acrive collaboration, but an enduring peace can noc be established without their support. MAY 6, 1943 Tht• l' nil<'tl ~l:tl<'~ Trt•asur~· n1•1)m·lm<'nl !ms lm1m•lw1l a tlrin• lo !It'll lhirlf't•n hillion doll:1rt< worlh of \Y ar Uond... I m·µ:t• rH•ry Filipino in tlw l 'nitf'tl St:11t•,. arul llawaii lo roop<'l'al<' "ilh this r:nup:ii~n hy 11111·t•ha,..i11µ: Wm· Bond,. am! SI.amps lo tlw limit of hi~ financinl :ihilitit•s, Our t•ountrymt•n who hmµni•h cnulrr tht• t•nemy's mililary ot·rupation of th<' Philippines m·<' lookinµ: to us for tlwir nltimall' lih· rr:1tio11. Soml' of us 1•m1 ~1,..t•tl thar tiny of lihPration-.m; Wf' art .. tryinµ: lo clo-hy i;;.c•r\ in~ in tlw Armt'tl For1·rs. hy \\111·ki11µ: in \Hll' planls ancl on th•• farm~. and in many orlwr \\:ty~. But all of"'' c'an lwlp frt•t• our C'ounlry hy pur .. ha~inµ Au,Pri<'an \V<1r Bond~ anti Stamp~ to ht•lp finanrc• tht• \Hlr pfforl of tht' l 'nilcd Statt•s. I know that all Filipino~ "ill 111u·tiripalr in this rmnp:iign mu] rt•tlt•t•m tilt' ""'rifit·•· maclr hy our hoy~ on Bataan. -M\:'ffEL L c,1n:zo~. How shall we: wm [he COOJ><:r.uion •lnd goud-w1H of dependent peoples? An 1mporram srcp tow.ird g.uning chi:. cooperation and good-will would be th<.' um·qut\'0(.1l apph· cation of rhe principles t•I chc Ari.um< CllJm:r to en~ry one: of them, withour excepuon. The next S[cp would be co cum d1ese principles into a living re.tlity so th.it rhey mighr be felt b)' those who doubt rheir value and eff1ca.:y. The <lep~·ndem peoples muse be made ro feel rh:1t this is nor a war to preserve the 1h1t111 q110. which, indeed. cannot be done. The)' must be made co realize that the)' have somerhing to gain b)' a Unired Nations victory after the war, rhar such victory will resulr in their liberation, and not in a mere change of masters or in a retention of the old one. THE recognition vf rhe righr ro independence of all dependent peoples who fee:! themselves cnpable of enjoying ir is, however, only a preliminary seep toward lasting peace. Ir will go a long way, but surely. it will noc go all the way. Even if all rhe nations and peoples of the world were independent and free, wars would srill break out should distrusr, arrogance and selfishness continue to plague mankind. We must, therefore, educare ourselves and dispel these social maladies. The myrh of racial superiority and the policy of exploitation muse be definitely abandoned. The gap between peoples of different races can be bridged wirh undersranding if the right policy is chosen. This was demonstrated by rhe happy outcome of the joint Filipino-American advenmre. By first promulgating an alrruisric policy-"the Philippines for the Filipinos"-and then following it to the letter and spirit, America succeeded in winning over the sceptical and antagonistic Filipinos and in changing their policy of opposition ro chat of cooperation. As a result of rhis cooperation, great progress was achieved by our country. The universalizarion of education, 5 the imprm·ement of health and sanitation. the building up of an independent judiciarr and of a sound civil service S}"Stem, the construnion oi roads, bridges :ind other import.mt public works, the smbiliz:ition of the n;uional econ,im\·. the development of self-gO\·ernment and the prep;iration l~r ultimate independence in 1946---all chcse. ;md more. were accomplished in the short period oi fony ye;1rs. Here, indeed, w:is national progress ;md self-dewlopmenr. unparalleled in the history of inrer-raci,11 relacionship. \Vhen war overtook us in 1941 and our soldiers fought alongside tbeir American comrades. we did nothing more th:m continue our policy of complcce cooperacio~· with the Uniced Sures, a policy alreJ.dy firmlr established many ye.us ago. In rhe new world of freedom and security. of peace and understanding among peoples of differenc races. which rhe Unired Narions hope ro build, che Philippines is in a unique position ro make a nluablc conrribucion. Hisrory has made us a people that is equally at home in the traditions and civilizations of both the East and the Wesr. This is so because, while geographically, we are located in the flr E~r, absorbing in che early years che culture of Asia, we have been also the recipient of western intluences in the course of our long association wich Spain and the United States. It may be said of us, wich some degree of accuracy. that we are the most occidental of Orientals, and rhe mosc oriental of Occidentals. Midway between Orient and Occident. wirh Chriscian tradicions daring as far back as the l 6ch century, with a background of struggles and sufferings, and wirh a record Filipinos Can Now Own Land In California an cl Arizona NOW ir is possible for Filipinos to lease or buy real property in the States of California and Arizona, according to separate but similar rulings by rhe Anorneys-General of rhese two states, chus further strengthening PhilippineAmerican relations. The California ruling was handed down on April 1st, 1943, in a Jeerer addressed to the Discricc Attorney of Santa Clara County, San Jose, California, by the Auorney General in answer co charges instituted againsc a Filipino for holding land in California contrary to the Alien Property Initiarive Act of 1920. This statute provides in part as follows: 6 .. Sec. 1. All aliens eligible ro citizenship under the laws of the United States may acquire, possess, enjoy, use, cultlvatc, occupy, uansfer, transmit and inherit real property, or any interest therein, in this state, aod have in whole or in part the beneficial use thereof, in the same manner and to same extent as citizens of the United States, except as otherwise provided by the laws of this staie." .. Sec. 2. All aliens other than those mcmioned in section one of thjs aa may acquire, possess, enjoy, use, cuhivate, occupy and uansfer real property,. or any interest therein, jn this state, and have in whole or in part the beneficial use thereof, in the manner and to the extent, and for the purposes prescribed by any rreaty now existing between the government of the United States and the nation or counuy of which such alien is a citizen or subject, and not otherwise." of h;l\'ing earned her liberation through the orderly proc· esses of self-govcrnmcnr. rhe Philippines feels chat she c;m-aod musr-assist che United Nations in their determined effort to assure the fuml.1mcntal hunun rights m all che peoples of the e.1rrh. Fur. in rhis life-;1nd-dc.1th struggle bct\\"ccn '' sl.we world .md a free world. chc Philippines sc.111Js ;1s " vi\'id cx.1mplc of whac the nacions of the Wcsr cm do for all dependcnc peoples en·rywhere; and ro these dcpenJcnc peoples. who hunger for jusnce. freedom and happiness, rhe Philippines symbolizes the go.11 ch.it cJn be attained not by dJStrmt, bluodshed and ''iolend::. buc by friendship. understanding anJ coll.ibnr.nion. The Ad.mtic Ch.mer 1s no new thing. !ts dunnc.raric principles, wirh che exception. perhaps. ~f d1.1t rd.Hing ro t.·i.:unurnic secunry. were .111t-n1bollacd111the11n.i..::11ul Amcric.111 pledge of liberty and sdl·go,·crnmcm '" rhc F1hpinu people. It is 111 n:;1hr) .1 rc.'-st.trcmcnr <>f 1 he· pnm:iplc> enunciacc.«l in the Amcricm Decl.1r.1 tJo"' , if I nJc. pen,IL-nce Of [ 776, dr.1ftcJ right here.· in chis hi\t'1flL Ul}' 1>i J'h1bJcJphia .111d proclaimed 111 rhe whole '"''rid. Just as AmeriG1 c1n nnr. in thc unmon.d \\ords ot l.1ncoln, survive h.tlf sl.1vc .rnd 11.111 fre<:, nc1ther <.in this wllfld of ours remain h.1lf sl,l\'t' .ind h.1lf free. The Arl.rnc1c C.h.lfter offers a prnmi;c of .1 h.1ppy world !O .111 pet>pks. le is our politic1l crceJ cod.t}. 111 1h1s dire moment when 1<>1.1litarianis1n chre.ltens rn dC'~1 rny li\·111z.ui1 m L<:-t 1 r n.~m.1 in our creed tomorrnw when pc;i<<: come». and ll't us Jin• up co ir forever. THE question of whether .1 Filipino is barred from holding real properry under this l.1w has never been p"ssed upon by the courts of California. but opinions of the previous Actorncys-General of che State have held char Filipinos, with the exception of chose who had rendered service in rhe United States Navy or Marine Corps or the Naval Auxiliary Service, come within rhe provisions of the California Alien Land Acr. Ir was contended rhat Filipinos not being eligible to citizenship unless they have enlisred or served in the rhe United Scares Navy or Marine Corps or Naval Auxiliary Service, can not enjoy rights of ownership in real property in the State. "This office has, in the past," writes the present Attor· ney-General, "advised that by reason of the unseeded state of the law, it would be unwise to advise any Filipino that he would be secure in rhe property righrs should he ac· quire and attempt to hold real property in this state. We are inclined to view at this time, however, that, since aliens only are referred to in rhe California Alien Propcrcy Initiative Act of 1920, and since rhe Nationalicy Code classifies Filipinos as nationals and says expressly thar rhey are not aliens, were the matter now to be submitted to the courcs of this state, rhey would hold that a Filipino is nor barred from holding real property in California." ( Comi,.ued on page 8) PHILIPPINES The Igorots Ge1;t/ema:. ~'hen iou rd/ that Jtory, sr~nd in trib11te ro those ~::!!at:! lgMoti. -M.ACARTIIUR These lgorots are nameless. but singly, or as a body, che exploit for which they are remembered will rank among che masc valiant aces of heroism performed by men whose military feats h:ive glorified them co the stature of deathless heroes. Jn a Japanese offensive in Bataan, the 20th Japanese Infantry Regiment attacked a position held by a single Igorot company. The Igorots preferred to die in their foxholes rather than retre:n; and they died to a man, fighting, exacting a terrible toll from the enemy. The American High Command ordered a counter-attack. This assault was to be carried out by a tank unit supported br Igoror infamrr. The terrain, bristling wirh thick bamboo underbrush, and irregular undulations, would have been impenetrable but for the limitless resourcefulness which was characteristic of General MacArchur's troops. Led by an Igorot commander who "hoisted" his men to the top of the tanks, rhe rank unit rolled into the jungle, the exposed Igorot soldiers guiding the ranks through ~he marted morass, by beating on rhe curret of the ranks with sticks while in their other hands they held automatic pistols with which they shot at the enemy. "Bataan," General MacArthur is reported to have said, "has seen many wild mornings, but nothing equal to this. No quarter was asked and none was given. Always above the din of the battle rose the fierce shouts of the Igorots as rhey rode the tanks and fired rheir pistols." Losses were heavy on both sides, bur when the batde was over "the remnants" of rhe ranks and Igorots were still ther; but the 20th Japanese Infantry Regiment was nowher~ in sight. It had been completely annihilated. In recounting the story of this exploit to a group of his officers General MacArthur is quoted as having said that a!rhou~h he knew of many acts of heroism in batdefields all over the world, "for sheer, breath-taking and heartscopping desperation, I have never known the equal of those Igorocs riding the tanks." "Gentlemen,'' he continued, "when you tell that story, stand in tribute to those gallant Igorors." MAY 6, 1943 Buenaventura J. Bello .... the Filrpi11n J(honl tr.1, l•cr u ;.,, /•r, It nt../ /,f .:l:l· rath~r than obt·i,- 1he ]a/1.ttt< ,,. r•r.ler ,,, !1:11 tr ti£ :1,•d r1, .i11 /fag and fl, ti.;£. Phtl:/'/~u;( ,,,/ .. ,, .i.'11• •. ~·1,it· 11·t '"f(1·1 1 ;_.:, Sun'' 01 .. er bir '111/t: uliaJ;t _., /im,/l.rdot --QLT7<>'.'i For refusing ro haul down che A.meric111 1!.1g whid1 lkw side by side the Philippine tlag in front of th<: vill.i.i.::e schoolhouse. as ic did in .11! sd1ool build111.~' .JI mw the archipelago, Buenaventura J. !kilo w.1> ;hnc """ n in wl,l blood. He fell dead at the fwc of the: thin b:tmb''° pole which yet flew the American flag. Bello could have obe)'ed the J.11x1m·se ollic<·r "ho orden.:d him to haul down the Americ.rn 1l.1g. The l'iltp1no fl.1g w.is co remain flying in che breeze. le w.ts bm a simple maccer of untying a knot and letting down che ScJrs and Stripes. His students were not there co wimess the ignominious an. The classrooms were empty. All the children had remained in their homes at the news of the coming enemy. The rooms were littered wich tinsel and buntings and sih·er starshastily abandoned Christmas decorations for the Christmas trees that stood in corners, shorn of gifcs. and withered now. (Philippine schools celebrated Christmas about two weeks before Christmas time.) But even if they were there, those young people would have understood that their teacher was defenseless in the face of the armed aggressors. Yer Bello refused, and he was shot down like a dog. "We have no quarrel with you. All I ask is that you pull down the American flag and you can keep your own still flying. I will give you two minutes to make up your mind. If you disobey my orders my soldiers will shoot," said the Japanese officer who now turned to his men, ordering them to load and take aim. This was death. These many years he had been teaching his children the ways of democracy, instilling in them love for freedom, love for all the cherished ideals for which the American flag stood. Every Monday motning he had stood on chose front steps of this little school house and sung with his pupils the Star Spangled Banner and the PhilippinrJ National Anthem, as two little boys hoisted up the thin bamboo pole the American and Philippine flags. Bello answered, "I don't need two minutes. Tell your men to shoot me now, because I shall never tear down either of rhe flags." The Japanese Qfficer made a swift angry morion with his 7 the imprm·ement of health and sanitation. the building up of an independent judiciarr and of a sound civil service S}"Stem, the construnion oi roads, bridges :ind other import.mt public works, the smbiliz:ition of the n;uional econ,im\·. the development of self-gO\·ernment and the prep;iration l~r ultimate independence in 1946---all chcse. ;md more. were accomplished in the short period oi fony ye;1rs. Here, indeed, w:is national progress ;md self-dewlopmenr. unparalleled in the history of inrer-raci,11 relacionship. \Vhen war overtook us in 1941 and our soldiers fought alongside tbeir American comrades. we did nothing more th:m continue our policy of complcce cooperacio~· with the Uniced Sures, a policy alreJ.dy firmlr established many ye.us ago. In rhe new world of freedom and security. of peace and understanding among peoples of differenc races. which rhe Unired Narions hope ro build, che Philippines is in a unique position ro make a nluablc conrribucion. Hisrory has made us a people that is equally at home in the traditions and civilizations of both the East and the Wesr. This is so because, while geographically, we are located in the flr E~r, absorbing in che early years che culture of Asia, we have been also the recipient of western intluences in the course of our long association wich Spain and the United States. It may be said of us, wich some degree of accuracy. that we are the most occidental of Orientals, and rhe mosc oriental of Occidentals. Midway between Orient and Occident. wirh Chriscian tradicions daring as far back as the l 6ch century, with a background of struggles and sufferings, and wirh a record Filipinos Can Now Own Land In California an cl Arizona NOW ir is possible for Filipinos to lease or buy real property in the States of California and Arizona, according to separate but similar rulings by rhe Anorneys-General of rhese two states, chus further strengthening PhilippineAmerican relations. The California ruling was handed down on April 1st, 1943, in a Jeerer addressed to the Discricc Attorney of Santa Clara County, San Jose, California, by the Auorney General in answer co charges instituted againsc a Filipino for holding land in California contrary to the Alien Property Initiarive Act of 1920. This statute provides in part as follows: 6 .. Sec. 1. All aliens eligible ro citizenship under the laws of the United States may acquire, possess, enjoy, use, cultlvatc, occupy, uansfer, transmit and inherit real property, or any interest therein, in this state, aod have in whole or in part the beneficial use thereof, in the same manner and to same extent as citizens of the United States, except as otherwise provided by the laws of this staie." .. Sec. 2. All aliens other than those mcmioned in section one of thjs aa may acquire, possess, enjoy, use, cuhivate, occupy and uansfer real property,. or any interest therein, jn this state, and have in whole or in part the beneficial use thereof, in the manner and to the extent, and for the purposes prescribed by any rreaty now existing between the government of the United States and the nation or counuy of which such alien is a citizen or subject, and not otherwise." of h;l\'ing earned her liberation through the orderly proc· esses of self-govcrnmcnr. rhe Philippines feels chat she c;m-aod musr-assist che United Nations in their determined effort to assure the fuml.1mcntal hunun rights m all che peoples of the e.1rrh. Fur. in rhis life-;1nd-dc.1th struggle bct\\"ccn '' sl.we world .md a free world. chc Philippines sc.111Js ;1s " vi\'id cx.1mplc of whac the nacions of the Wcsr cm do for all dependcnc peoples en·rywhere; and ro these dcpenJcnc peoples. who hunger for jusnce. freedom and happiness, rhe Philippines symbolizes the go.11 ch.it cJn be attained not by dJStrmt, bluodshed and ''iolend::. buc by friendship. understanding anJ coll.ibnr.nion. The Ad.mtic Ch.mer 1s no new thing. !ts dunnc.raric principles, wirh che exception. perhaps. ~f d1.1t rd.Hing ro t.·i.:unurnic secunry. were .111t-n1bollacd111the11n.i..::11ul Amcric.111 pledge of liberty and sdl·go,·crnmcm '" rhc F1hpinu people. It is 111 n:;1hr) .1 rc.'-st.trcmcnr <>f 1 he· pnm:iplc> enunciacc.«l in the Amcricm Decl.1r.1 tJo"' , if I nJc. pen,IL-nce Of [ 776, dr.1ftcJ right here.· in chis hi\t'1flL Ul}' 1>i J'h1bJcJphia .111d proclaimed 111 rhe whole '"''rid. Just as AmeriG1 c1n nnr. in thc unmon.d \\ords ot l.1ncoln, survive h.tlf sl.1vc .rnd 11.111 fre<:, nc1ther <.in this wllfld of ours remain h.1lf sl,l\'t' .ind h.1lf free. The Arl.rnc1c C.h.lfter offers a prnmi;c of .1 h.1ppy world !O .111 pet>pks. le is our politic1l crceJ cod.t}. 111 1h1s dire moment when 1<>1.1litarianis1n chre.ltens rn dC'~1 rny li\·111z.ui1 m L<:-t 1 r n.~m.1 in our creed tomorrnw when pc;i<<: come». and ll't us Jin• up co ir forever. THE question of whether .1 Filipino is barred from holding real properry under this l.1w has never been p"ssed upon by the courts of California. but opinions of the previous Actorncys-General of che State have held char Filipinos, with the exception of chose who had rendered service in rhe United States Navy or Marine Corps or the Naval Auxiliary Service, come within rhe provisions of the California Alien Land Acr. Ir was contended rhat Filipinos not being eligible to citizenship unless they have enlisred or served in the rhe United Scares Navy or Marine Corps or Naval Auxiliary Service, can not enjoy rights of ownership in real property in the State. "This office has, in the past," writes the present Attor· ney-General, "advised that by reason of the unseeded state of the law, it would be unwise to advise any Filipino that he would be secure in rhe property righrs should he ac· quire and attempt to hold real property in this state. We are inclined to view at this time, however, that, since aliens only are referred to in rhe California Alien Propcrcy Initiative Act of 1920, and since rhe Nationalicy Code classifies Filipinos as nationals and says expressly thar rhey are not aliens, were the matter now to be submitted to the courcs of this state, rhey would hold that a Filipino is nor barred from holding real property in California." ( Comi,.ued on page 8) PHILIPPINES nand and barked our a command. TI1e le,·eled guns blazed, and the litrle. frail school[eachc[ lay dead at the foot of the ibg he tried to defend with his lif~. Bello was -i2 ye.m old. and father of six children. He was well known as an lloc:mo pc">Ct and declaimer. Humble :md unassuming in appe.uance. consernci\'e even in his way of dressing-the hard white collar and the bbck bow cie-yec he looked wich :in open mind ac che Philippine routh who adopted che u·.iys of the west. me:mwhile reraining cheir own. Nou· his children are fatherless but well mar ther be proud of him. \\~ell may every Filipino teacher feel pride in his he.m for this humble m.~n who was a credit to his profession. \"'fell may every Filipino remember and respect the memon· of chis man who '\\"as true co his creed, who was honest. to himself. whose courage typified that of his brorhers who remained ar home because they \\'ere coo old r0 join their sons who flocked co the colors at the approach of the enemy. But Bello srood for something more. In the words of President Quezon, Bello "was paying tribute to the sc.lidariry berween the Uniced Scates and the Philippinesa solidarity that will live e\·en '\\'hen, one day soon, che Philippine Bag Bies alone over our school houses." Filipinos Can Now Own Land ( Contint1ed) Sea ion 101 ( b) of the Nationality Ace of 1940 pro· ,·ides as follows: "The rerm 'Nacional of the United Scaces· means ( 1) a citizen of the United States, or ( 2) a person who, though nor a citizen of the United Stares, owes perma· nenr allegiance ro the United Stares. It does nor include an alien." Furthermore, in his letter, the California Attorney-Gen· eral paid tribute to the intense loyalty of the Filipino to the United States when he scared that: "Our nation has been impressed with the heroism and che loyalty of the citizens of che Philippine Islands. We Americans do nor-nor do our courts-regard them as "aliens"-bur as American Nationals, who rose as one, unflinchingly, co make our fight, their £.ght,-they are adding their full screngch and effort alongside that of this country for the coral defeat of our enemies." Subsequently, on April 14, 1943, the Arcorney-General of Arizona held that "Filipinos come within the purview of the definition of 'National of the United States', and therefore, are noc included within the inhibitions contained in the Arizona Code Annotated, 1939. These provisions pcescribe only aliens from acquiring, possessing, enjoying, transmitting and inheriting real property in the State of Arizona. It will be recalled that in February 1941, the Supreme Court of the Seate of Washington ruled that Filipinos are not included in the provisions of the Seate Ami-Alien Land Law and may lease or buy real property in rhe Srate. The Office of the Philippine Resident Commissioner, to whom credit is due in obtaining this liberal interpretation of che alien land law in these two stares, has had this matter under consideration for some time now. At present, efforts are being exened toward obtaining similar rulings in other siateS. 8 Philippine Government Buys Bonds THE Philippine Government, through its agency, che New York branch of che Philippine National Bank, has subscribed and paid $2.700,000 co the second Victory War Bond drive, according co an announcement made recenrly by Audicor-Genernl Jaime Hernandez at Washingmn, D. C. "The Philippine Government.'' said che Audicor·Gen· erul, "in wholeheartedly parcicipacing in the United States Treasury drive. is giving a good example co all Filipinos in America." Awards THE Michigan Daily, ollicial organ of chc University of Michigan, carries the news chac Eduardo Salgado. a Filipino paincer, was awarded a medal of honor for distinguished work in the field of art by che Fine Arcs Section of the Michigan Academy. The paintings chac won Salgado che award were cwo panoramas of che Philippines and two porcrnic studies. ": member of che committee on awards praised chem for their realistic couches, their line details and brilliant colors. "'The pictures," she said, "'are typical of his people, and illustrate their feelings well." The same paper scaces chac among six foreign women who received the Barbour scholarship for the 1943-44 school year, was a Filipina, Miss Pura J. Hernandez, who has attended the University of the Philippines, Columbia University, and George Washington University. She specializes in accounting. A Letter A MONG the many lecrers we have received so far from Filipinos all over rhe country, chis one from Raymundo Lapitan of Taunton, Massachusetts, paints an almost heroic figure of a man humbly doing his bit in his own unobtrusive way in a country far from the homeland. He wrote: "I am a Filipino-born in Cebu-am married and have five sons and daughters--the oldest, 16, is a welder in the Bethlehem Steel Shipyard. I myself work for the govern· ment ar rhe Miles Standish Army Camp as a mason ... I have been working on defense since 1940. "I own a farm here in Massachusetts and have three acres to be planted, and I shall see to it that some of my less foc( Con1inued on page 10) PHlLIPPlNES SOUTH FROM CORREGIDOR.B} Lt. Comdr. John ,\lorrill. l.:S.N., ,md P.-:;e ,,!.irtin. Neu· )·ork: Simou ,md SclJ11s1cr, 1943. 252 pp. $2.50. lieucenanr Commander Morrill, U.S.N., SJ.w the bst days of Corregidor: from his precarious grandsrand seat on a banered ;rnd beached rug. he saw a boot, leasing Corregidor; "packed with Filipino civilians, and carrying large white flags in the stern and bow"; later another boat "lefr the dock at Corregidor and wenr in the direction of Fore Drum. It also carried white flags and its passengers were white instead of brown:· The only reason he was not one of these passengers was rhar he had been ordered ro scuttle the mine sweeper "Quail" and when he had accomplished his mission and wanred to go back ro Caballo Island he saw that the white flag had already been run up on chat fortress. The story of his escape in a 36-foot boar from Manila Bay to Australia is one of rhe most thrilling that has come out of rhe Philippines. In it the authors. like others who had eluded the Japanese, pay tribute to rhe loyalty of the Filipinos and their open and acth·e help, without which escape would nor have been possible. The book is full of intimare incidenrs thar, sometimes pathetically, always poignantly, reveal how deep was the Filipino's faith in America and how sraunchly he stood by his comrade in arms. There was the Filipino messboy who rook rhe Commander's hand in his own and v:iped his face with it and then shoved a roll of one hundred pesos inro the hand before the surprised officer could take it back. "You will need it more," he told rhe protesting American. Wherever they stopped, in wellhidden coves and unfrequented villages, rhe Filipinos loaded them with bananas, chickens, rice, gave them a place to sleep, oil for their boat, and advice about how to avoid the Jap patrols. "It is mighty good of you to take stranded people into your home like rhis," rhe author once told a Filipino host who with his wife and daughters had turned over their home to the Americans. His host's remarks, which would have appeared most narural to another Filipino, set off a train of thought in the American. "The old gentleman said with implicit faith, 'If we were shipwrecked on the California coast, your people would look out for us and take care of us.'" At rimes, the party did not know how far to trust their lives to the village folks, because although they had seen Filipino soldiers die side by side with American soldiers, they also knew "that the Jap heel when placed on a conquered neck is a grinding affair with hobnails and spikes in it. We also knew that if any native or group of natives dared help us they would be signing their own death warrants right then and there if the Japs ever found out about it." But their doubts about how deeply and strongly a Filipino sticks to his friends were dispelled by such incidents as that which took place in an unnamed province, which MAY 6, 1943 before che w"r had a scrong revolutionist group. "After che Sakdaliscas h,1d seen the Japs kick and bc,1r il1l'ir own people and abuse their women, all except a \'Cl)' few had done a political Hip-llop and become anci-Japanesc." "How abouc che few who are still pro-J.1panese?" Lt. Comdr. Morrill :asked his informant, who answered simply, 'They are all dead. We kill them."·· Here is a glimpse of what h;1ppencd in M.mib when chc Japanese movcJ in: "Outside Manib there is fonJ, inside l\I.mila no. llm the worst is not the food. I ha,·c been in my friends' house and Japanese officers will come co the door .md you must bow. fa·erybody must bow. Men, women, nld l.1dic:s. children. If you do not rhey put you in j.1il. \'Vhat the\' do to Y"" in j.111 1 do nor know ... For your AmerK.111 people. If " wors« The)' tie rour women .111d children toi:l'rhcr .1nJ dri,·e thl'm through che streets . . J<tprncse brin1-: m.nn· ~cish.1 1-:irl' from Jap.in. The American ladies musr bl' ""'"111" co ,>:<·"h.1 girls." -r\. B. M. SERVED ON BATAAN. BJ LI. ]lf.11111.1 g,.,;,""u.I . . ·"lrm1 N11rn Corps. Pln/,1ddph"' ,md .1\·,-u ) ·,,,J: /. Tl. l.1ppi11colf Co111p.111r. 19-:i3. 167 Pf'· Sl.-5. Juanita Redmond. a First Lieurenant in the r\nn)· Nurse Corps, cells a gripping stor)' of the wounded. ;ind 1hc Jc~d. and the living, cooped up in makeshift hospiuls. oiren targets of indiscriminate J:ipanese bl)mbin.i.:. durin1-: the Lise days of Baraan, through che surrender uf ( .nrregidor. It is a simple story of brave men who would not die. co!J br an army nurse who had seen enou~h of .1gony and dearh, misery and loneliness, but rnld br.1vely and with hope. The pictures cue deep imo the hearc; of Filipino and American soldiers dying side by side. praying cogecher. hoping, and holding out to the end, forever strong in foirh, often ruthlessly unafraid. There was the youngscer from Texas whose arm had been amputated, worrying about his girl back home-they were going to be married. would she marr)' him now? ... little St:gundo, with bullet wounds in the leg and arm, jubilamly happy for having killed fourteen Japs ... Eighteen-year-old Freeman, with both legs amputated above rhe knee, alwa}'S cheerful and courageous ... Blind Eugenio-"both his eyes had had to be removed because of a severe head wound""picking his way slowly through the wards, a gentle questing look on his face, not wanting anything, but just seeing his way about"; or after a bombing, picking himself out of the debris, saying, 'Tm all right, mum ... Please, mum, where am I now?" And back home in America, all the tragedy of Bataan and Corregidor rerurns to chese nurses in the questions of mothers and fathers, sweethearts and sisters of the boys who were in Bataan, questions like: Did you know my son? Here is a picture of him, remember? Oh, yes, they remembered ... and all they could say was, "He died like a good soldier." This could be said of all of them who died; and those who lived, surely, we have not forgotten them. This book tells their story. -BN.S. Opinions expressed in this departmene are those of the reviewers and. 1101 necessarily of the Philippine government. 9