The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Description: Manila : The Chamber, 1921-1976
52 v.
Issue Date: Volume 6 (No. 1) January 1926
Publisher: The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States)
Year: 1926
Language: English
Subject: Philippines -- Commerce -- Periodicals.; Philippines -- Economic conditions -- Periodicals.
Rights
Place of publication: Manila
extracted text: Scenes on Davao Plantations: Left, Clearing Off the Forest: Upper Center. Cattle and Coconut Ranch; Lower Center, Bagobos: Right. Hemp Fields on the Slopes of Mount Apo SPECIAL DAVAO NUMBER: THE PORT AND PROVINCE Pen Picture of Governor Wood Stories of the Planters Map Supplement Editorial: An Epic in Pioneering Other Articles of Interest to Business Men and Students of Philippine Affairs SMOKE ROSITAS Sold Everywhere Only Direct Freight Service From Davao to New Ycrk (via Suez' S. S. WALES MARK - - (sails Irom Davao) January 19 M. S. SILVERCEDAR - - (sails from Davao) Feb. 26 S. S. NORFOLK MARU - - “ Feb. 6 M. S. SILVERFIR - - - - " March 20 DAVAO AGENTS-H. H. BOYLE A CO. ROOSEVELT STEAMSHIP AGENCY, INC. CHACO BUILDING MANILA PHONE 120 /V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION TEE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Hanson & Orth BUYERS and EXPORTERS of Manila Hemp, Other Philippine Fibers, and Copra Head office: 27 Cedar St., New York City Branch Offices: 612-614 Pacific Bldg., Manila, P. I. 1 Crutched Friars, Roman Wall House, London, E. C. Davao, Davao, P. I. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1 if'” iii iii BECK’S BEER iii 8 llll ilii “KEY” BRAND ii 8 ill Germany’s finest Brew ilii III! Drink Beck’s and really ilii enjoy a Beer that made iii mi iii Germany famous i 8 i i t iii Kuenzle & Streiff, Inc. 8 ' iii Sole Importers ___ iii INTERNATIONAL BANKING INVESTMENT SECURITIES Your individual requirements carefully analyzed and suitable selections offered through our affiliate, the NATIONAL CITY COMPANY which maintains more than fifty offices throughout Canada and elsewhere. Manila Office _______ the United States, Pacific Building 5. illiams, Manager LV RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL MACLEOD AND COMPANY CHACO BUILDING, MANILA, P. I. HEAD OFFICE: CHICAGO BRANCHES: CEBU, DAVAO, ILOILO, VIGAN NEW YORK, NEW ORLEANS, LONDON, MELBOURNE EXPORTERS HEMP MAGUEY COPRA IMPORTERS MACHINERY AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS MOTOR TRUCKS INSURANCE FIRE MARINE LIFE ACCIDENT STEAMSHIP AGENTS FREIGHT AND PASSENGER SERVICE To All Parts of the World STORAGE FORWARDING King gf Cigars “Corona Real” de La YEBANA In the cool of the evening after Dinner how often have you wished for an enjoyable smoke One that is mild, shaped right, and made of the very best of tobacco. There is but one that fits the bill and that’s the CORONA REAL. Its popularity has proven this to hundreds of smokers who demand the best. Try a box of them today and see for yourself. TWENTY centavos straight IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 C. O. D. (COLLECT ON DELIVERY) Do you know that you can send shipments by Express and the Railroad Agent at destination will collect for you all charges including the value of the merchandise and the money so collected will be paid to you by the Railroad Co.? cAll of this can be accomplished at a small expense and with convenience and safety. When you are making shipments to the provinces, or if you live in the provinces and are shipping to Manila, try it. Get rates and additional information from any Station Master or the Superintendent of Transportation in Manila. MANILA RAILROAD Co. MARINE ENGINES Gasoline, Kerosene or Crude Oil Both Types of Engines Are Carried in Stock by us Also Spare Parts WRITE FOR PRICES AND CATALOGS Catton-Neill Eng. & Mach. Co. P. O. Box 1418 Manila. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL eAmerican Chamber of Commerce Journal PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (Member, Chamber of Commerce of the United States.) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 25, 1921, AT THE POST OFFICE AT MANILA. P. I. LOCAL SUBSCRIPTION—P4.00 PER YEAR. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION S3.00, U. S. CURRENCY, PER YEAR. SINGLE COPIES—35 CENTAVOS WALTER ROBB, Editor W. B. ALLEN. Advertising Manager BOARD OF DIRECTORS H. L. Heath, President C. M. Cotterman, Vice President J. W. Hauseermann, Vice President (absent) B. A. Green, Treasurer A. W. Beam, Vice President ]’. A. Meyer E E. Selph, General Counsel E, E. EiserS) irc-/’rrsirf<>1t George H. Fairchild, Vice President (absent) Walter Robb, Secretary ALTERNATE DIRECTORS: Carl Hess Leo K. Cotterman M. M. Salecby II. M. Cavender A. Schipull. Asst. Secretary EXECUTIVE: H. L. Heath, Chairman C. M. Cotterman S. F. Gaches RELIEF: W. J. Odom, Chairman Car) Hoss John Gordon MANUFACTURING: John Pickett, Chairman R. A. McGrath Fred Leas LEGISLATIVE: C. M. Co’tternian, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll COMMITTEES FINANCE AND AUDIT: B. A. Green, Chairman ’ C. M. Cotterman George II. Fairchild FOREIGN TRADE: M. M. Saleeby, Chairman ,J. P. Heilbronn H. M. Cavender PUBLICATIONS: H. L. Heath, Chairman Walter Robb BANKING AND CURRENCY: Stanley Williams. Chairman H. B. Pond RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT: Charles N. Edwards, Chairman H. M. Cavender HOUSE: John L. Headington, C/iuirnian Frank Butler LIBRARY: John Gordon, C/iairniun SHIPPING: H. 'M. Cavender. Chairman „ L. L. Spellman CHAMBER INVESTMENTS: C. M. Cotterman, Chairman B. A. Green MANILA P. I. CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1926 VOLUME 6 NUMBER I Page Random Thoughts ........................................................... 7 Annual Meeting Notice ...................................................... 7 Leading Plantations in Davao Gulf Region (By ,V. H. Duckworth) ................................................................. 8 Veterans Turn Davao Jungle into Rich Plantations (By H. H. Boyle) ............................................................... 9 Current Money Circulation .............................................. 10 J. L. Burchfield, Pioneer Border Man .............................. 11 Editorials (By Walter Robb) : Not So Bizarre Now .................................................. 12 An Epic in Pioneering—Americans in Davao.......... 12 Another Davao American ........................................ 13 Veteran Makes Stripping Machine ........................... 13 ‘Japanese Play Big Hand in Davao ......................... 13 Pittsburgher Finds Davao Bonanza Country ................. 14 Adventure in Davao Puts Chicago in Background.......... 16 Coffee Industry in Philippines (By Pedro A. David)... 17 Review oe Business Conditions: Rice (By Percy A. Hill) ................... 19 Exchange (By Stanley Williams) ....................... 24 Page Hemp (By L. L. Spellman) ...................................... 29 Copra (By E. A. Seidens pinner) ............................. 30 Lumber (By Arthur F. Fischer) ............................. 31 Sugar (Welch-Fairchild, Ltd.) ................................. 31 Tobacco (By P. A. Meyer) ........................................ 32 Real Estate (By P. D, Carman) ............................... 32 Shipping (By H. M. Cavender) ............................... 33 Business in the United States (By (). M. Butler) . . 34 Leonard Wood—Father of Davao: Pen Portrait (By A. V. H. Hartendorp) .............................................. 20 From Army Clerk to Plantation Owner ......................... 22 Went Barefoot to Hold PlantationBNow Dwells in Palace 36 Independence on Davac Homestead—What May Be Done with Sixteen Hectares ................................ 28 The Plowman: Custodian ol' National Wealth Ignored (By Manuel M: Insigne) ............................................ 36 Statistical Review of Commerce (By A. Schipull) : Imports and Exports from and to Atlantic and Pacific Ports by Nationality of Carrying Vessels. 38 Principal Exports .................................. . .................. 39 Principal Imports ............................................... 39 Port Statistics ............................................................. 39 Carrying Trade ........................................................... 39 Foreign Trade by Countries...................................... 39 The American Chamber of Commerce la ready and tAlling at all times to furnish detailed information to any American Manufacturer. Importer. Exporter or other Americans who are interested in Philippine matters. Address all communications and requests for such information to the Secretary of the Chamber No. 14 Calle Pinpin, Manila, P. I. The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines is a member of the UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, and Is the largest and most adequately financed American Chamber of Commerce outside the continental boundaries of the United States. The organization has Twelve Hundred mem bers. all Americans, scattered over the Philippine Archipelago from Tawi Tawi to the Batancs. The organization of branches in all the American communitiei of the Asiatic Coast is being stimulated. The AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS should not be confused with otber organizations bearing similar names euch as the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, the Philippine Chamber of Commerce, the Phlllppine-Amorican Chamber of Commerce and the Manila Chamber of Commerce. THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 FOR SALE Second Hand Machinery One Alternator, 250 KW; 2200 volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase, direct con nected to cross compound Hamil ton-Corliss Engine 12-24 x 36; with generator panel and rheostat. Two 100 KW Alternators; 2200 volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase; belted, 18" pulley; direct connected exciters; with generator panels. Two Venn-Severin Crude Oil Eng ines, 60 HP each One Worthington surface conden ser, 400 HP. One Scotch Marine Boiler, 400 HP. Ice Machine. Remington, Steam driven compressor; 4 ton ice capa city. 50-100 ko. Ice cans; new. (Knock ed down) 4 Galvanized steel brine tanks; 2500 ko. capacity each; ammonia fittings. Steam pipe and fittings up to 10”. Tube bender for sterling boiler tubes. Tube cleaner, Lagonda, water driven, for 4” tubes; with extra parts, new1. Steam and Oil separator. Steam Traps. Marine Engines: (1 Union, 50 HP., distilate) (1 Quayle, 25-35 HP, crude oil) Meters, Electric, 100 to 110 volts, 5 to 50 amp. Transformers, 5 to 20 KW, 2200 to IIO, 220 and 440 v. 1 Launch 65’, steel hull with 45 IIP, Mietz and Weiss, Crude oil engine. For Prices etc. Apply BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu or Iloilo Always the best in quality but never higher in price. Jordon ^HOSIERY Regrets Cannot Restore Eyesight ut-a little foresight and action can preserve it. Hundreds who read these reminders month after month have defective eyes-and do not realize it Telephone 22144 for an appointment to have your eyes examined, now, off again. before you put it & Co. MANILA, 30-94 ESCOLT A PI. MASONIC TEMPLE For Men, Women and Children Pure Silk and Lisle in all colors and sizes 140-46 Escolta HIKE SHOE PALACE R. E. McGRATH, Mgr. Manila IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Vol VI, No. 1 JANUARY, 1926 RANDOM THOUGHTS This month I will crib Round Table Thought as phrased by Judge D. R. Wil liams in his article appearing in the Nov ember issue of the Virginia Law Review, entitled “Is Congress Empowered to Alien ate Sovereignty of the United States.” There is a big difference between invest ing Congress with the power to extend political rights and government to a people occupying territory under the sovereignty of the people of the United States and in vesting Congress with the power to alienate sovereignty over United States Territory. The people of the United States have in vested Congress with the right to create a government for people occupying Territory of the United States but the people of the United States never have invested Congress with the power to alienate Sovereignty, and what is more, the people of the United States never will invest Congress with the power to alienate Sovereignty. So absolute sovereignty over the Philip pines is now vested in the people of the United States, so ceded by Spain in the treaty of Paris. The clause of this treaty ceding sovereignty as construed by Chief Justice Fuller of the Supreme Court of the United States means that: “The Philippines thereby ceased, in the language of the treaty ‘to be Spanish’. Ceasing to be Span ish they ceased to be foreign country. They came under the complete and absolute sovereignty and dominion of the United States and so became territory of the United States over which Civil government could be established.” The proposition is elementary that in the p United .States “the people are sovereign.” Inasmuch, however, as there is a growing j tendency on the part of Americans general2 ly to’forget dr ignore the fact, and to ac3 quiesce in the gradual encroachment upon tJ their rights by governmental agencies, it is 2- well to stress the point. How our system P of government differs in this regard from those of European countries, was clearly J brought out by Chief Justice Jay where he said: “Sovereignty is the right to gov ern; a nation or state-sovereign is the per son or persons in whom that resides; in Europe the sovereignty is generally as cribed to the prince; here it rests with the people; there, the sovereign actually ad ministers the government; here, never in a single instance; our governors are the agents of the people, and at most stand in the same relation to their sovereign, in which regents in Europe stand to their sov ereigns. Their princes have personal pow ers, dignities and pre-eminencies; our rulers have none but official; nor do they partake in the sovereignty otherwise, or in any other capacity, than as private citizens.” It follows as a consequence that sover eignty over all territory belonging to or acquired by the United States is vested in the American people as a whole, and is held for their use and benefit. Since the United States became a nation —now nearly one hundred and fifty years— not a square foot of territory, once brought under the American flag, has ever been alienated. In certain cases of disputed boundaries, or where question of title was involved there have been adjustments, but the record discloses no single instance where sovereignty, admittedly invested in the people of the United States, has been trans ferred or withdrawn. The issue whether or not Congress has constitutional authority in the premises has never been before our courts for decision. Our action as to Cuba and the Isle of Pines furnishes no precedent for alienation. Cuba was not ceded to the United States and the question as to the Isle of Pines arose with the Cuban government as to whether such island was ceded to the United States by the treaty of Paris or constituted an integral part of Cuba. The doubt was resolved in Cuba’s favor. Alienation of sovereignty is not an in cident to nor remotely included within the power to “Legislate,” but is diametrically opposed thereto. Points for the layman to remember in relation to sovereignty over the Philippines. Absolute sovereignty over the Philippines is vested in the people of the United States. Eighty per cent of the Public Domain of the Archipelago ceded by the treaty of Paris is state land and is a part of the Public domain of the United States. The Federal government, in acquiring territory, acts simply as agent of the people. To alienate sovereignty, Congress must have express authority from the people of the United States. No territory where title was undisputed, has ever been alienated by the United States. Right to alienate sovereignty not among express or implied powers of Congress. An attempt to put such power in the Constitu tion of the United States was rejected. Power of Congress over territories merely that of legislating therefor. Power to alienate sovereignty not an in cident of legislation. Powers of Congress cannot be extended by treaty. The power of Congress comes from the people of the United States. And the power to alienate sovereignty can only be conferred upon Congress by Constitu tional amendment in the manner stated by the Constitution. Judge Williams has certainly stated the case clearly. Here we add a thought of our own. The best thing to do under the circum stances is to forget all the politicalisms and everybody start in with the New Year to make the Philippine Archipelago in fact what it is in potential: The richest tropical area under the sun. It is capable of pro ducing comfort and happiness for ten times the number of people it contains. SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING The sixth annual meeting of the Cham ber of Commerce vail be held at the rooms of the Chamber, 14 T. Pinpin, upstairs, at 4 p. m. Saturday, January 30, in accord ance with provisions of the by-laws. Suc cessors to Directors C. M- Cotterman, E. E. Elser and A. W. Beam are to be chosen for terms of three years, and four alternate directors for terms ef one year to succeed Messrs. Carl Hess, Leo K. Kotterman, H. M. Cavender and M. M. Saleebv. Manila Trading C8k Supply Company Main Office—-Malecon MANILA ILOILO CEBU BACOLOD LEGASPI Touring Car.Pl,050.00 Balloon Tires P55.00 extra. Sinner and Straight Side Demountable Rims, P190.00 extra. /iV RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 Leading Plantations in the Davao Gulf Region By N. H. Duckworth, President of the Davao Chamber of Commerce The opening of Davao as an ocean port finds the province furnishing about three fourths of the exports credited to the port of Zamboanga, and therefore fully entitled to the new status as an import-export point in Southern Mindanao. Yet the develop ment that has taken place is but a frac tion of what may take place. Roads are almost entirely lacking in the province, and the plantations are only on landis near the coast where water transportation is available. The whole vast interior re mains ko be developed. In the present article I propose to outline a few major Davao Hemp Plantation: IJounq Plants in Foreground and Producinq Fields In Background Beqond Workmen Collage facts in respect to the principal plantations and settlements now contributing to the export trade in Manila hemp and Philip pine copra. Begining at Sarangani channel (see map inclosed) there are a number of small hold ings in valleys along the beach front. These small holdings extend through the districts of Batulaki and Caburan and are owned by Bagobos, which tribe has inhabited these districts from time prior to the discovery and conquest of the Philippines by Spain. The Bagobos, Manobos and Bilans comprise the principal pagan tribes of Davao and are to be found in small settlements through the province. They are best or ganized in the Batulaki, Caburan and Ma lita districts, where they have numerous small plantations. In these districts, which are from 10 to 80 miles from the town of Davao, the small plantations of the pagan tribes mentioned are near the coast, while in the districts nearer Davao they are farther inland, having no doubt been push ed back by later settlers, Spaniards. Fili pinos. Japanese and Americans. During the big immigration of Japanese into the Davao region, which occured dur ing the period from 1917 to 1920, there were some 40 Japanese murdered by these wild people, and in the majority of cases the killings were the direct result of land troubles. It is interesting to note that there is no record of any wild man being convicted for these murders. The Japan ese did not follow the established practice of the Filipinos and settle in small barrios or communities for mutual protection. They took up small holdings separated in many instances by distances of several miles. This gave the tribesmen the op portunity to be on the watch, and pick off their victims from ambush. The usual weapon was the spear. The country in the region of Batulaki. Caburan and Malita is very mountainous. From Batulaki to Malita the mountains extend to the shore line in many places, forming high cliffs at the water’s edge. The valleys along this shore line are very fertile; they are excellent for plantations of both Manila hemp and coconuts. At Malita the flat country begins to widen, affording ample room for many planta tions some distance from shore. The country along the shore continues flat with a fairly wide stretch of plain up to Tubolan point, where the mountains touch the shore line again. The rainfall through all the districts mentioned is fairly regular; only one or two drouths during ten years have done damage to hemp. Luayon Plantation is along the shore just north of Caburan. It is the first large plantation passed after entering the gulf. This plantation was opened in 1912, and after trying to grow C'astilloa rubber, the owners switched to hemp and co conuts. There are now 6.500 coconut ,palms and 20,000 hills of hemp on the place. It is owned by Major Wegge, who is at present managing Cumasie Planta tion, owned by Judge A. S. Crossfield of Manila. Lamidan Plantation is owned by J. M. Johnson: it has about 2,000 coconut palms and 30,000 hills of hemp. Calian and Lapuan plantations are owned by H. W. Pahl. Calian is rather a small place, with two or three thousand coconut palms and 10,000 to 15,000 hills of hemp. Lopuan has 10,000 coconut palms and 20,000 to 35,000 hills of hemp. We are simply tracing the district bor dering the gulf. Lawa, known as the Mount Apo Planta tion Company, is mine. The improve ments are 18,000 coconut palms and 30,000 hills of hemp. Talagutun Plantation is owned bv Maruyo, a Filipino. He has 1,000 to’ 5,000 coconut palms and 20,000 hills of hemp. Lais Plantation and Trading Company is chiefly the property of H. Peabody. Improvements are 150,000 hills of hemp and 12,000 coconut palms. Malita Culaman Plantation Company is owned by the estate of O. V. Wcod. It is the leading plantation in this section of the gulf region. Improvements are 20,000 coconut palms and 180,000 hills of hemp. In the town of Malita are many Chinese traders who buy the larger portion of the hemp produced on the many small planta tions near this point. Lacapon Plantation is managed by W. T. Patstone. Improvements are 11,000 co conut palms and 75,000 hills of hemp. Tubalan is a fine harbor, a small bay. In the valley at the head of the bay are several small plantations owned by Filipi nos. Three Chinese traders are located at this point. Basiawan Plantation is owned by George Van. It is a new plantation, just being opened up. Cumasie Plantation is the Crossfield pro perty. Improvements are 17,000 coconut palms and approximately 16,000 hills of hemp. Malalog Plantation is also at this point. The owner is O. Hughes, who does considerable trading with the wild people. He probably handles mere bio or lumbany nuts than any other trader in the gulf region. The oil from the bio nut is used in the manufacture of high grade varnish es. (If readers of the Journal are inter ested in seeing how the oil is extracted, they can find a quaintly equipped Chinese factory on calle Tctuan. A visit to the place w’ill reward them. The word “Lumbang” appears on the sign over the door.— Ed.) At Padada there are two principal plan tations, those of the Mindanao Estates Company and the Christensen Plantation Company. Both are managed by Edward E. Christensen. The Mindanao Estates plantation has 15,000 coconut palms and 75,000 hills of hemp. The Christensen plantation has 6,000 coconut palms and 16,000 hills of hemp. It might be well to mention that beyond Malalog the country opens into a wider plain which reaches its greatest depth back of Padada and Digos, the next plantation northward. Digos Plantation is owned by the estate of B. A. Crumb, administered by 'W. H. Gohn. There are 300,000 hills of hemp on the plantation, worked chiefly by Japanese tenants. Digos is the farthest “point southward from Davao at which there are Japanese planters. Santa Cruz is a municipality and has a number of small plantations near it. Also, it is a great trading center for Chinese. There are Chinese traders at Coronon and Astorga, which are just north of Santa Cruz. Daliaon is a barrio of the town of Davao, capital and main port of the' province. The • Furakawa company, Japanese, is established at Daliaon and claims to have a million of hemp on the company’s lands alone. It operates its own press and buys considerable hemp from both Japanese planters and Chinese traders in the district. More hemp is produced in Dalaon than in any other district on the gulf. This is due to the many Chinese dealers at Daliaon, who extend their trading oper ations miles back into the interior. Bato Plantation is the principal one owned by Japanese in this district, excepting of course the numerous plantations operating under the Furakawa .Plantation Company. R. E. McFie owns a plantation in this district. He has 450,000 hills of hemp, all cultivated under the tenant system. During this year (1925), all plantations having Japanese tenants have agreed to let the tenants sell the hemp at auction. The sales are conducted weekly and are at January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 tended principally by Chinese dealers, who make a practice of buying all in. (The term all in means without grading, this taking place after the hemp reaches the dealer or when it goes to the Davao market.—Ed.). The plantation owners re serve the right to buy the hemp at equal prices with the bidders. Taloma is also a barrio of Davao. The Ohta Development Company, Japanese, has its offices and werehouses at Taloma, where it likewise has a dock and baling station. The company is reported to con trol several plantations operated by tenants, total plantings being three million hills of hemp. As on other plantations, the tenants hold weekly auctions. Taloma has many Chinese traders. The “P. F. T.” maintain a warehouse for loose hemp at Taloma. There is a fairly good road lead ing into the interior to a place called Mintal. This is a great Japanese center and it is around this place that most of the Ohta holdings are (situated. Captain J. L. Burchfield owns a plantation on this road, about four kilometers from Taloma, the ■Taloma Plantation Co.. Inc., having 350,000 hills of hemp chiefly under the tenant system. This brings us up to the town of Davao. The shipping point is the barrio of Santa Ana, where are situated the hemp ware houses and the pier. The officers of the export houses are here; a lively community is developing. Adjacent plantations are situated up the Davao river. The town is on the north bank. The river empties into the gulf a short distance below the town, near Santa Ana. With the exception of Juan Anad, the owners of up-river planta tions are Filipinos. Considerable quanti ties of hemp are shipped down the river and bought by Chinese dealers in Davao. There are several small holdings between Davao and Banawan, the first twwn north, situated on.the coast of the gulf.✓Banawan Plantation is owned by Japanese. They are represented in Davao by K. Kiyomoto, who also represents Lasang Plantation, another Japanese company. Banawan Plan tation has 150,000 hills of hemp; it is worked by tenants. Lasang Plantation has 100,000 hills of hemp; it also is worked by tenants. In the immediate vicinity of Banawan find Lasang are many small holders, Japanese and Filipinos. There are (Chinese traders at this point too. We are now at the Tagum river. Launfhes of the type used on the gulf for towing purposes can ascend this river se veral miles. v‘Japanese, Moros and Filipi nos own numerous small plantations along the river. Chinese have located at ad vantageous trading points. Madaum is often termed the key to the north end of the gulf, as the number of villages on the several trails leading into the back country from it would indicate. The Madaum Plantation Company has 965 hectares here under Torrens title. It is an American company and ‘has had a varied .(history. ‘ A. L. Baker is the present man ager. It is estimated that small holders back of Madaum own together more than a million hills of hemp. There are several Chinese traders at Madaum. Cuambog is a small barrio where there are several Chinese traders, handling the product from numerous small holdings in the district. Pandasan Plantation wasi formerly owned by Mr. Schoppe and was sold to Japanese, who have 250,000 hills of hemp and 16,000 coconut palms. The hemp is worked by tenants. Manipisjng Plantation is owned by Mr. Schoppe and has on it about 12,000 coconut palms but no hemp. A Filipino manages the place. Tagnanan Plantation is the property of an American company and is managed by Charles M. Simmons, who is part owner. It has on it 120,000 hills of hemp but no coconut palms. George R. L. Pond owns Bungabong Plantation, partly developed as a coconut project. Tagdangua is owned by D. Jocoleson and has about 40,000 hills of hemp but no coconuts. ^Magnaga is owned by Japanese and has 75,000 hills of hemp and a few hundred coconut palms. The famous Gulf Plantation is at Pantucan. It was promoted by Dr. Ames and The World'* Fined Cordage Fiber: Davao Hemp—Pound for Found as Strong as Steel fell to the Philippine National Bank under a mortgage of P180.000. II. B. Hughes is managing the place for the bank. Impro vements include 125,000 hills of hemp and 5,000 cocoftut palms. Quinquin is a municipality. A number of Chinese traders are located there who trade with the numerous small planters of the district. 'A Japanese company went bankrupt that formerly held Southern Cross Plantation at Pangasinan. The place is now admin istered by Japanese tenants who have plant ed 350,000 hills of hemp. The Piso Coco nut and Cattle Company was formerly the property of Captain J. L. Burchfield and was sold to Japanese, who have 100,000 Veterans Turn Davao Jungle Into Rich Plantations Conquer Wilderness: Teach Industry to Tribe* By H. H. Boyle, Columbian Rope Company Mindanao is an island 36,292 square miles, the second largest in the Philippine groups—Luzon being the largest which has an area of 40,969 square miles. It is a mountainous country with a number of rich fertile valleys, some of which are from 30 to 100 miles wide by 100 to 150 miles long. Most of the valley country is from 50 to 1600 feet above the sea. Although the north, east and west coasts are a wonder ful agricultural country, the south or Da vao Gulf section is by far the most fer tile country to be found anywhere in the tropics. The present governor general, General Leonard Wood, when commanding the U. S. forces and Governor of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu had seen this country in the course of his duties, had realized the agricultural possibilities. He, and Gen coconut palms planted. Lupon is a trading post with several small holdings in its vicinity. Ligahoy is also a trading post. There are small holdings between Lupon and Ligahoy, and Amado Matute owns a trading post at La Union. He reigns su preme, so far as trade is concerned, from Lupon to St. Augustine point. His head quarters are at 'Montserrat, where there are some coconut plantings but no hemp; but between Montserrat and St. Augustine Point there are small holdings owned by natives. Matute gets the products of their fields He stores his hemp and copra at Montserrat and sells to buyers on interis land steamers that call there from time to time. Samal island, in the gulf, has a few srnall coconut plantations on it but scarcely any hemp. Talicud island is covered with for est, with no plantings either of hemp or coconuts. In making up this list, which is done from memory, I have mentioned only the principal plantations and trading points. Aside from these, however, there are hundreds of small planters who produce the bulk tf the hemp and copra handled by the Chinese dealers. eral Pershing after him, encouraged Amer ican soluiers both officers and enlisted men whose enlistments expired, to settle along the gulf of Davao to plant and raise hemp and coconuts and become indepednent — guaranteeing them a supply of labor and protection against the Moros, Bagobos, Manobos and other wild tribes existing in that island. These men were influenced by the two great men mentioned. They se cured their discharge from the Army, but instead of returning to America, took up homesteads in the gulf region. Very few of these pioneers had any great amount of capital, not more than Pl,000. They had, however, something equally as good: they had nerve, grit and persever ance. They displayed nerve in many ways. First- by landing on the shores of a coun try the land of which would have to he 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 cleared of jungle before the plow could be employed. They could not hire labor to do this heavy preliminary work even had they had the money. There was none to he had. It was up to the former doughboy to do this work. This he did, and while he was doing so it was necessary for him to drop the ax or plow from time to time to fight off either Moros, Bagobos or other wild or semi civilized tribes which resented the encroaching of the white man. All of these Americans have shown pcrseveraaice in holding on to and developing the planta tions against all odds which were aaid are, I am sorry to say, fCill against then'. With perseverance they worked to build and develop plantations of hemp and coco nuts, the equal of which is not to be found elsewhere. _It is safe to estimate that the Davao plantations could, providing conditions were as favorable as they arc likely soon to be come, nearly double the amount of hemp shipped from the Philippines. Due to lack of labor, the planters *in Davao lost ap proximately 85 per cent of their hemp during 1922. The planters arc prepared to house and feed 20,000 men, if they could obtain them. Although there is a scarcity of labor, yet the plantations as a whole are in fair condition so far as the cleanliness is concerned. Labor is needed for harvest ing the fiber. It is a treat for any agriculturist to visit one of the many plantations in Davao. There is a great comparisotn to make in favor of the Davao hemp plantations over those existing in other islands. The varie ties of Manila hemp planted in the gulf region are superior to most of the hemp grown in other sections of the archipelago. The plants generally grow twice the size both in height and in width and conse quently produce better fiber, while a larger yield is obtained. This advantage is ob tained not only because of the superior varieties, but is also due to the scientific management of the plantations. They are plowed and harrowed, and irrigated when it is deemed necessary. In other words, the plantations are handled similarly to farms in the States. This is not so in other dis tricts. Coconuts are also to be found in large quantities. Approximately the area in co conuts equals half of the amount of land planted in abaca. The plantations of coco nuts are the best the writer has seen and he has traveled in 15 islands. In a number of cases the planters have been forced to plant coconuts in place of hemp because of the scarcity of labor with which to strip hemp. Thousands and thousands of hemp plants have been destroyed due to the lack of labor. The scarcity of labor may prove to be a godsend in disguise not only for the planters in Davao but for the people of the Philippines as a whole because a practical hemp stripping machine has at last been perfected. Since the early eighties there have been a number of men working to perfect a machine to strip abaca. Most of the ma chines have proved a failure.vThe first practical machine was built and used on a plantation owned by B. F. Crumb of Davao. The motive power was a three-horse-power gasoline engine. In 1920 a Japanese em ployed with the Ohta Development Com pany built a machine similar to Mr. Crumb’s. • He added, however, a fly-wheel, using a carabao-cart wheel for the purpose, and adopting the principle of the hand ap paratus employed in most of the fiber pro ducing districts in the Philippines. Instead of using an engine for motive power, a water-wheel was erected near a river and H. H. Boi|le, manager, in the Philippine* for the Columbian Rope Company and Head of H. H. Boyle and Company a battery of 12 machines connected with it. Two operators work at each machine. Since 1922 a machine manufactured by the Universal Hemp Machine Company has bean introduced. It is built on the same principle as the Crumb machine and is all of cast iron except the base. The base is built of heavy timber. It is operated by a three-horse-power petroleum engine. Five gallons of petroleum will run the machine for five days. This machine with two operators will produce one picul of hemp per man each day of nine hours. When this is compared with one man operating a hand apparatus, the advantage over the old hand stripping method will be seenIt will produce eight times the amount one hand stripper can produce. It is safe to predict, with the operation of stripping machines, that Davao planta tions will increase their production and will lead all other provinces in the Philippines in output of hemp. The writer is of the opinion that these machines will, when operated in other hemp provinces, double the production of Manila hemp in the Phil Qopornment Doc* Lillie in Dopao: Hero i* It* Excuae for a Bridge Acroi* the Daoao Rrver. Where it Charge* High Toll*. The Road i* 13 TTlile* Long. ippines. At least it will be possible to pro duce two million bales per annum. The government has done very little for planters in Davao, but now, under Gover nor General Leonard Wood, Dayao is being opened as an ocean port both for outward and inward cargo and Governor Wood pro poses to improve the dock dnd harbor. This is needed, along with improvement of the wireless telegraph service. Companies have gone to Davao and established buying offices at the barrio of Santa Ana, where the dock is; and even yet they are handi capped in communicating with Manila and the United States, London and Europe be cause no telegraph or relay station has been established at Santa Ana by the bu reau of posts. The direct steamer service recently in augurated by Fernandez Hermanos be tween Manila and Davao with Zamboanga the only intermediate stop will be a decided advantage in building up the business of Davao if rapid well appointed steamers are put on the run and the steward and cabin service improved. The steamship company, Fernandez Hermanos, although it enjoys privileges from the government, deserves praise nevertheless for establish ing the direct Davao-Manila schedule via Zamboanga. But faster boats are required, and better ones too. Time will force these improvements, they are warranted now and it will be a nuisance to wait for them much longer. The ocean-port bill puts Davao in touch with the world. The amount of its commerce shows that it deserves to pro gress accordingly. CURRENT MONEY CIRCULATION Money in circulation in the Philippines at the close of business at the treasury office December 31 totalled P132.841,572.78, comparing with P132,409,848-62 at the end of November, P123,979,980.69 a year ago and P146,576,956.11 December 31, 1919. Distribution of the current money circula tion on the date reported was as follows: Pesos and half pesos, P10,811,996; subsidia ry' coins, P8,008,914.20; minor coins, P2,212,766.38; total coins, P21,033,676.38; treasury certificates, P71,996,912; notes of the Bank of the Philippine Islands, P8,961,305; notes of the Philippine National Bank, P30,849,679.20. January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 Son of Blue Grass Region Famous in Davao J. L. Burchfield—Pioneer Border man Captain J. L. Burchfield. One of the Leadinq Davao Planters and True American Pioneer. Captain “Jim” (James L.) Burchfield, of Davao, hails from Kentucky and has a sturdiness of character not much below that of a man from the same region a few generations before him, Davie Crockett of Alamo fame. In Congress from his home state, Tennessee, the redoubtable Crockett strenuously bpposed Jackson’s debasing of the currency. When defeated by the Jackson forces for reelection, he sold out his Tennessee holdings and moved away. His neighbors inquiring, he replied to their queries, “I am goin’ to Texas and you can go to hell!” He was a good border man; so is Captain Jim Burchfield; he is the mentor of men of the quality to build territories. While no personal pique drove him away from Kentuky, where he still occasionally pays a visit, he prefers Davao above all places in the world. Today Davao is the western American border: men succeed there by tackling primal problems successfully. It suits Captain Jim down to the ground. Captain Jim Burchfield of Davao is an old soldier. No news in that, particularly: the men who "have created the American Philippines are old soldiers almost without exception. Burchfield dates, however; from 1876 to 1881 he was a trooper in the 8th United States Cavalry and scouted on more than one occasion 150 miles into old Mexico. His stations were Fort Clark, Del Rio Post and Fort Duncan. Then he got out of the service: places like El Paso, Fort Worth and Dodge City had become as peaceful as an Ohio county-seat: there was no use for a young man to waste his time in the Cavalry. During fifteen years the ennui through out the west and southwest was such tnat Kansas and Nebraska and goodly sections of Texas welcomed flambouyant populism as a relief from the monotony of eastern mortage houses foreclosing on the country. The big pastures had been turned into corn fields. Whitout a market and without fire wood, the bankrupt farmers burned their corn and harkened unto “.Sockless” Jerry Simpson, the young hope of Medicine Lodge. Young Burchfield escaped this, having gone back to Kentucky, where he believed men were saner and maidens prettier. Ken tucky horses were at least superior; he rode and did considerable courting, as a young blade in Kentucky will. Then came the flare-up in Cuba, the sinking of the Main and McKingley’s call to the colors. Trooper Burchfield became Captain Burchfield of “A” Company, 3rd Kentucky Volunteers, that served in Cuba. This over, and there being still something to do in the Philippines, Captain Burchfield joined the 31st United States Volunteers as commander of “I” Company. The 2nd Battalion of the 31st U. S. Volunteers came out to the Philippines on the chartered transport s. s. Manuence, landing at Manila November 28, 1899. Fifteen years later, Burchfield paid another visit to Kentucky— as a wealthy planter of the Davao gulf region of the Philippines. Kismet? Perhaps, and also the temper ed-steel will of the border man. Lieutenant Colonel Webb C. Hayes was in command of the transport that brought to the Philippines the 2nd Battalion of the 31st U. S. Volunteers, which was imme diately sent to station in Davao: “L” Com pany to Mati, “M” Company to Baganga, “K” Company to Parang-Parang, “I” Com pany under Captain Burchfield to the town of Davao itself. Once assigned to station, command of the Battalion devolved upon Captain Hunter Liggett, at that time en joying the rank of a “Mex.” major. In Davao there was little for the Army to do from the outset. The Moros of the region were of a different stamp from the Moros of Sulu, Lanao and Cotabato, as they are today. “Our work was not with rifles, but with picks and shovels,” Captain Jim recalls. “We had to build roads: there were none. We had to clean up the town and make a fit place for human beings to live in. We saw soil ten feet deep, rich volcanic ash land that would grow anything that could be grown in the tropics. We saw a land well watered, a big region all round the gulf with streams frequent as deer paths. There were no habitations on this land; the Treaty of Paris ceded it as Crown lands to the people of the United States—from one sovereign to another; and so we re solved to settle upon the land and develop plantations. “In Davao I separated from the service. Prior to action upon my resignation even, I had acquired Davao farm lands—raw jungle out' of which to make a plantation.” \ZHe made it, too. Leaving the service of ficially July 3, 1901, he devoted his pioneer ability to developing his property, Daliao Plantation, nine miles from the town of Davao. It was only 110 hectares, 242 acres, but in 1914 he sold it to Japanese investors for P200,000. The purchasers re ceived a clear title to a thoroughly im proved property. It was the first transac tion of the kind the Japanese made in the Davao district. At this time Captain Burchfield might have made his first visit to Kentucky since leaving there to come to the Philippines. Life had quickened in America; towns had taken on an urban aspect; the friends of old were not the friends of the present; each had only a moment’s time and then went scurrying off in pursuit of a bargain where he coveted a profit. It was all quite bewildering to Captain Burchfield. His habitat was the open border, where men had time to indulge real friendship and help one another. He had not disposed of all his Davao property, so he didn’t go to Kentucky. Instead he turned back to Davao and developed an other plantation, 30 miles eastward across the gulf from the town. He incorporated under the name of the Piso Coconut and Cattle Ranch, Inc., and went steadily about developing—pouring back into extensions the profits from sales of crops and cattle. Moros again fissisted him; they were his workmen, and as at Daliao so at Piso, he taught them how to manage yokes of steers, which he worked four to the Amer ican plow to put the fields into proper- tilth for seeding to Manila hemp and coconuts. ✓The Japanese did well in Davao, as they are doing today. Captain Burchfield’s new place was soon envied him. New-coming Japanese made him an offer for all his holdings, his home in Davao, his plantation at Piso, his store in town and his cattle herds. It was a tempting offer, and Captain Burchfield was no longer a young man; so the offer of the Japanese was ac cepted. Captain Burchfield brought the money with him to Manila and bought the Luneta Hotel which he struggled with for two years. It is a good hotel, bub the venerable Captain Jim cut a somewhat in congruous figure behind the desk. The| hotel was large, but too confining for him;I it would have been no more than a blur onj the gigantic shoulders of Mount Apo. i Things didn’t fit Captain Jim in Manila' and he didn’t fit into things. One morning’ at the hotel a woman came down to break fast complaining about her room. It wasi rather the last straw for Captain Jim. “Lady,” he said, “no one asked you to; take that room and no one asks you to keep it. You are out of it now. You’ve got as far as the office: keep right on going and please both of us!” He himself did not keep going long in Manila, not that he’ lost much money. But he honed for Davao and something prac tical to do. In 1920 he went back and bought from the estate of P. C. Libby the plantation he converted into the Taloma Plantation Co., Inc., which he still owns and which is without question one of the most flourishing plantations in the orient. It comprises 367 hectares; it has 1200 co conuts on it and the remainder of the land is in Manila hemp, good old Mitsila textiles, the classic commodity that first enticed New England clippers into far eastern trade, and nearly a century of American business in the Philippines prior to the occupation in 1898. The plantation is within twenty minutes automobile ride from Davao, lying along the lower slopes of Mount Apo. Captain Burchfield has established an.' irrigation system for the entire tract.'’'Waterpower installations here and there, at convenient jioints, strip the fiber from the hemp stalks, the work ’of preparing the petioles anc (Continued on page 14) 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 192G EDITORIAL OFFICES American Chamber of Commerce 14 CALLE PINPIN P. O. Box 1638 Telephone 1156 WE GOT THEM—MANY THANKS The Chamber of Commerce acknowledges with thanks the re ceipt over the holidays of many greeting cards and calendars, sea sonal remembrances thoroughly appreciated. NOT SO BIZARRE NOW Whon th? opinion of the Chamber of Commerce was cabled to Washington a little more than a year ago. that Congress cannot legally alienate from territory over which it has been established the sovereignty of the people o? the United States, it caused echoes of merriment down the corridors of one of the most presumptuos legislative bodies in the world—a legislature seemingly grown mad with the use and abuse of power. A good cartoonist drawing a comment on the scene would have had the lace-wristed hand of Louis XVI pointing from a rosebush in the gardens of Versailles a warning finger at the mirthful statesmen, their ribaldry despising the voice of the people. The last laugh is best. The voice of the people may now be heard even above congressional guffaws Judge D. K. Williams’ brief sustaining our opinion is out in the ‘Virginia Law Review, and in reprint form it has reached a wide distribution in congres sional districts. Where men think, and think of the sometimes giave consequences of public acts, it has made a deep impression. The impression is exactly that of the Chamber of Commerce and well nigh universal. In a single batch of clippings from the United States were 31 editorials, 29 from country papers. Only two of these 31 editorials failed of taking the attitude of the Chamber of Commerce; and one of the two was lukewarm, that of the Boston Herald, against which may be safely pitted the Herald-Tribune of New York, with greather circulation and a wider vogue among editors. The 29 favorable editorials were from papers reaching a circulation estimated at nearly one mil lion. They were from western, middle west and eastern papers. A million voters in congressional districts have read the news that they alone are the ones to say what may be done with sovereignty over territory. All these have a new sense of ownership of some thing well worth owning, the Philippines, this territory. The last laugh is best. AN EPIC IN PIONEERING—AMERICANS IN DAVAO This issue of'the Journal is devoted to the port and province of Davao, because a new law makes Davao the seventh ocean port of the Philippines, which hinges upon the epic in pioneering that is the achievement of a handful of Americans throughout the province who came to the islands as regular or volunteer soldier*, ami, after taking their discharges whqn the campaigning was over, settled on the unsurveyed, raw United States public domain to do what seemed practical but had never been done before—to grow Manila hemp, coconuts and rubber. Though they got the wrong kind of rubber, castilloa. they are exporting rubber today; they were more fortunate with hemp and coconuts, which have proved their real fortune and are adding millions gold to the wealth of the archipelago annually. Brief stories of a number of those planters are published else where in this Journal. They show what the men have done, what other men may do—if they are the same kind of men. Present arrangements do not bring the same kind from the United States, while certain absurd arrangements of the past have sent thousands of them home that might today be factors in furnishing America from the Philippines a billion in trade a year- The civil service of the Philippine government was stripped clean of Amer icans as fast as it could be. but began with a goodly number who were well disposed toward the islands and inclined to make their future here. They would have invested in agriculture, but an executive order prohibited their doing so, save with the formal knowledge and consent of the government. Consent was charily given, and often upon slight pretext was early withdrawn; so the game, which men were willing to play fairly, was made impossible. To such absurdities the Federal government in the Philippines has been addicted from the day it founded an administration here. Why, no one precisely knows. A more costly regulation would be hard to conceive—costly to the islands, primarily, for the men would have been good citizens and wealth producers; and costly to the men, who grew old as mere salary dependents; and costly to America, reducing to the extreme the blood loyal element and at the same time limiting her trade. It is suspected the regulation may be in effect yet- But i: makes no difference, now; the men are gone. A few, however, would not conform. Their souls rebelled and they tweeked the government’s inquisitive nose. To the personal dignity and courage of one of these men in particular is du • the fact that this issue of the Jornal is printed, and that Davao is an ocean port of the Philippines. He is now dead, Malita plantation is his monument. He was O. V. Wood of California, who came to the islands as a school teacher, with the first group, those who came on the Army Transport Thomas in 1901—whose energies and young years were wrought into the studings and joistings and dimensions generally of the school system of these islands. Wood was one, as we say, assigned to station in DavaoThe natural resources of that province are fabulous; it would perhaps be no exaggeration to fix its normal population, if developed, at ten million or more, though now it is only 100,000. Wcod saw these unutilized resources and proposed to use them. He took up land at Malita and began planting it. As we recall, lie was bothered a lot by Manila, though never, we believe, by Dr. David P. Barrows, when he was director of education, for they remained warm friends. But in one way and another things weic made hot for Wood, who finally left the service at a time when he still greatly needed the savings from his salary to develop his place and keep labor employed. However, he could get along without the government if the government could get along without him- So he ended his career as a teacher and began in earnest as a planter. As with other planters, there was a time when he could not spend anything on personal comforts and little on necessities. He walked barefoot to his fields to supervise his workmen. Come what would he extended his plantings, learned the ways of the natives and gave them profitable employment. By 1914 he was well to do; he treated himself that year to a trip back to Califor nia and a visit to the Panama Exposition. Then he came back, to build Malita bigger and solve still pending problems. One was transportation. Interisland steamships kept the planters bled white by high rates. “By God!” swore Wood, “you fellows don’t seem to realize the American flag is back on the Pacific- It is, and cur market is the United States. We’ll have a ship in here and load her at our own wharves. To hell with you and your dinky steamships and your high rates and rebates!” This was of course years after the Exposition. It was after America had gone into the war and the emergency fleet had been built, and after the war was over, after Wood had married and brought his lovely young wife back from California. He and other planters meantime had put in wireless stations and could communicate with one another and with Manila. Wood was ill, flat on his back a great deal of rhe time with pernicious anemia, frem which he finally died. But his fighting blood was up, he was making his last stand against oriental inertia. Leonard Weed was in Manila as governor general and could be reached January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 by wireless. So he was- So was the Chamber of Commerce. So was the Shipping Board, with J. V. Marias at the helm. “We want the Dewey to come to the gulf for a homeward hemp cargo! ’ the wireless called, with pledges of several thousand bales con centrated at Malita and one or two other accessible points. The whole story is too long to recount, but the Dewey went to Davao gulf to pick up a homeward bound hemp cargo in September, 1922, and 0. V. Wood thereby wen his last fight as a pioneer American planter in the Philippines. He won it almost singlehanded, but he won it for all Davao, and for the Philippines, and for America- It is true the Dewey made no money on the venture, such pilot trips are too costly for that. It is true Malita could not furnish all the hemp that was expected: at the time the bargain was driven Wood was too far gone to be a thoroughly rational man—for so it goes in pernicious anemia cases. But it is also true that the Dewey did get a big cargo and that from that time on Davao plantation cargoes of hemp and copra have been re gularly lifted by ocean steamers conveying them directly to the United States, Japan and other customer countries. A few Americans are direct beneficiaries. Thousands of Fili pinos are direct beneficial ies. Would there not have bean wisdom in a policy, on the part of the United States, that would have encouraged thousands of men. like O. V. Wood who first and last have come out to the Philippines in one capacity or another, to settle upon the public domain here and assist in its development into plantations of products acutely demanded in America? For imbecility of policy, we commdnd that of the United States in respect to the Philippines. That policy is the fundamental rea son the United States pays such fancy take-it-or-leave-it prices today for crude rubber, foreign colony coffees and the like trop ical necessities- It isn’t the Stevenson Restriction Plain at all, at bottom; it is the Washington Restriction Plan and its deadly provisos—“The Philippines for the Filipinos! ... If you don’t like it, get out! ... No backward step!”—these damnable sputterings it is that rise in the path of every man’s endeavor and leave the vast bulk of the public domain of the Philippines a noman’s-latnd for white man and brown man alike. Such things have wrenched Americans away from their hold ings in nearly every province of the archipelago: in Davao and one or two other southern provinces they could never get quite so thorough a hold, and the Americans were therefore able to retain their rights as citizens. But in the beginning the same type of veteran volunteers were everywhere; one found from ten to fifty in every town. Some were mining, most were far ming homestead claims and small lease holdings. They are gone now, not a few to soldiers’ homes. They are beaten men, and fundamentally it is the policy of their own government that de feated them. When will such nonsense cease? It never was a virtue. Its gravest fault is that it never attended to the survey, delimitation and division of the public domain- The native widow of a former American farmer has just been in our office with her children, being cared for as orphafns. She has left 4-1/2 hectares from her husband’s original claim of 16 hectares, and she is about to lose the -1-1/2 hectares; the courts are proceeding to deprive her of it and make her too an object of public charity Her case is typical. Native homesteaders fare no better. We observed only recently Moros in the Imd office at Davao going through the gestures of oath-taking—being read documents, being asked if they understood what was read, being sworn on the Koran. God knows what it was all about: the Moros certainly didn’t seem to, and yet they had the right, and some one responsible to America should have conscientiously exercised it for them. ANOTHER DAVAO AMERICAN Weary of expostulations—they will bear no fruit, be sure— we turn momentarily to trie career of another American in Davao, Wm H. Gohn, owner of two hemp and coconut plantations and a stock ranch. His early struggles were like the rest, just plain hard times on the border. He came to the islands as a sergeant in the 17th Infantry, did his first soldiering on Luzon, where it was good tough campaigning for the old 17th, .tnd then went with his battalion to Cotabato as commissary sergeant. This was in 1901. He went home with his regiment in 1902, came back with it in 1903 and took his discharge in 1904, to settle on a holding he had selected at Santa Cruz, Davao. It is there his present properties are, all going concerns and all profitable. B. F. Crumb, another veteran who was treasurer of Lanao along in 1903 and 1904, left the government service, went planting in Davao and became one of Gohn’s neighbors. Crumb died quite recently, leav ing a large estate and a large family, the estate somewhat encum bered and the children small. Gohn is administrator of the estate, now almost clear of debt and a good legacy for the children. Thus the old veterans help one ancther and pay attention to memories of old times. But what of their government? Will it one day place the redeemed estate of these children of a veteran in pawn in an oriental scheme of things? Will its absurdities continue forever, and wax the more ridiculous as the memory of gallant times fades into remote history? We leave the digression unanswered, since none can answer it. W’hat will get votes at home wall be done, this is the only certainty. VETERAN MAKES A STRIPPING MACHINE P. H. Frank of the Universal Hemp Machine Company is an other veteran and Davao man. He and his partner took their plantation at the head of the gulf upon the advice of Governor Bolton, and when Bolton had gpne over the land with them he went south on an inspection trip and met his death at the hand of tribal outlaws. Frank sold to his partner finally and went into other activities. But he kept his interest in the problem of devis ing a simple machine for stripping hemp, which is one of the most exacting hand jobs in the realm of industry and ruptures many men every year. In 1922 Frank finally hit upon the machine his company has patented nnd is now manufacturing in quantity. An exhibit will be at the Carnival, with the general exhibit of the non-Cb.ristian tribes bureau. Gohn and Frank are both interested in the company; they are the first men who have been able to con vince Luzon hemp growers that machines can clean hemp satis factorily and economically. Other machines are likely to follow, particularly the one that has been successfully put through its paces on the Burchfield plantation in Davao. That pioneering is about over; it eliminates hand methods centuries old. JAPANESE PLAY BIG HAND IN DAVAO The initiative of Japanese companies and workmen in Davao is largely contributory to the success of the stripping machines, simply because the Japanese see at once the great advantage of them and will learn how to operate them. They hitch batteries of them to waterwheels where streams are accessible, and where water is wanting they use oil engines. The 10,009 Japanese in Davao play a big hand there. Their big corporations are well financed and well conducted and their gangs of workmen undertake all manner of contracts, which they faithfully fulfill. The .Americans of Davao give excellent reports of the Japanese. It will be observed (from Mr. Duckworth’s article) that the whole job of-getting out hemp on many plantations is turned over to Japanese tenants, the McFie and Burchfield planta tions being notable examples. At weekly auctions, the stripped hemp is sold, the planter taking it if his bid is highest; and if not, then lumping his share, ten to 15 per cent of the gross, in with that of the tenants. In fact it may be said that the best conditions prevailing in any province of the islands, prevail in Davao, where Americans have most to say and where government hampers least the objects and conduct of men, of whatever nationality, engaged in the honest purpose of developing agricultural resources. It is a truth to be deplored that the very remoteness of Davao has been its salvation. It has not been convenient to initiate interference. When the Secretary of War comes io the islands, we recommend him to make a study of what has been done in Davao and might have been done in 48 other provinces, the total number of such divisions in thia archipelago being 49. 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 SON OF BLUEGRASS REGION (Continued from page 11) stripping and baling the fiber being done by J’apanese. All the hemp leaves the plantation through Captain Burchfield’s warehouse; the volume averages 600 piculs a month; Captain Burchfield’s income is quite satisfactory, very satisfactory if it comes to that. That courting on horseback back yonder in Kentucky won for the gallant trooper of those days the girl who could and did make him happy. The border man could go no distance she was not willing to go also; so early as 1900 she came out to Davao and made a home for her husband. But years have passed, five years more than a score, in fact, and a cottage in Palo Alto suits her better now. It is not far, only 20 days or so across the Pacific, and Captain Jim can travel when he will. Their son, David, returned from education in a business course in the United States, lives in Davao and is beginning his career by running a general store. There is another store on the plantation: there is plenty for father and son to do both in town and on the farm. But not too much, nor with any particular hurry: life is not dreadfully ex acting in the Philippines. Captain Jim advises young Americans of today to do as he did twenty-five years ago, go to Davao and work out their fortune. Each can get a homestead of 24 hectares. Each can purchase 100 hectares. In short, each can acquire either by purchase or lease all the land he requires for a sizable planta tion, the cost by purchase being about two dollars an acre. With determination and a little money, any healthy young American may do for himself in Davao what Cap tain James L. Burchfield has done. “It is,” says Captain Jim, “only the application of common sense to a perfectly obvious pioblem. For example, cattle. I was the first breeder to import Indian bulls and cross them with native cows. My neighbors lifted their eyebrows, for the bulls cost me $300 apiece. Two years later the neighbors were swaping me three heifers for one twoyear-old grade bull. The fellow going into a proposition like Davao must use his own judgment. He can listen to the talk, but his final decisions must be his own.” Pittsburgher Finds Davao Bonanza Country—Volun teer Soldiering Means to Competence David Jacobson of Pittsburg, Pennsyl vania, made no mistake in responding to the call of his country and enlisting in the 44th United States Volunteers to come to the Philippines in 1901, when the question of the insurrection against America was to be settled. When he came to the islands he was a high private in the rear ranks, as the boys say; and now he is one of the more substantial planters of Davao, the owner of a plantation of 300 hectares, 750 acres, and the master of his destiny. As a soldier he was a member of Company L, 44th Infantry, U. S. V., commanded by Captain (now Judge) A. S. Crossfield, who himself has plantation interests in Davao— an avocational activity aside from his career as a judge after leaving the Army and his subsequent position as a member of the Manila bar. Jacobson owns Tagdangua Plantation Company, Inc., capital, P35.000. Eighty hectares of the plantation are in hemp; there are 3000 coconuts palms, 1000 of which are in bearing and producing 200 Captain Jim is now 69 years old. He says he would have no success dodging automobiles in American cities, where he gets homesick, while out in the towns and the country districts, as well as in the cities, no one sees far enough to find sub jects for conversation interesting to him. Davao suits him, so back he goes to Davao with the expectation of rounding out a century. piculs of copra annually. Coconuts are planted about 120 to the hectare; on Tag dangua 25 hectares are in coconuts. It is seen that nearly two-thirds of the place is still to be planted up, which can easily be financed from present earnings. In other words, the turning point has been passed. Jacobson has a competence now, while his place is the equivalent of a fortune. The monthly yield of Tagdangua aver ages 120 piculs of high-grade hemp and 15 piculs of first class copra. It is not all profit; the labor payroll is around P3000 a month, a tidy sum distributed regularly to a small community, with wages per man from Pl.20 to P2.50 per day. Managing a plantation is strictly business, the question is to make, one year with another, a rea sonable percentage above cost of operation. Jacobson does this, although put to the ex pense of bringing in workmen from Cebu and other provinces, which costs about P35 per man. Jacobson has less advantage from the services of indigenous labor than do some of the other planters, though YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder shown above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd., — Manila. IT IS A CAPITAL T WAS H I NG TO N ENGINES CJonnedl Bros. Co. IMPORTERS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 192G THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 Dan id Jacobson,Ruqqed and Well-lo-Do Planler of Davao. many, like him, are more or less dependent upon labor brought from other provinces. This is simply another factor in the dif ficult problem of making a plantation pay. Not every man succeeds; unless a man has the quality in his character that makes him the master of other men, he fails because he cannot deal successfully with his work men. If corporations organized in the United States decide to undertake agricul tural projects in the Philippines and to plant rubber, coffee or other crops, they can find among the skilled experienced planters of Davao the man most likely to make their projects profitable in the fewest years, if placed in charge of the labor. They know all the tribes and the pecul iarities of each. Reverses do not overwhelm them. Jacob son’s experience is an example. He began at Tagdangua in 1914, planting, as soon as he could, 50,000 hills of hemp. Drouth killed it, so he planted again. Drouth killedthe second lot of plants, so a third lot was planted. Planting fifty hectares, 125 acres, of land three times in order to get a crop started shows the stuff that is in a man. Three times one’s every resource has been sapped; twice his crops have with ered on the stalk; and when the fields are still crusted with drouth the plow is set to the furrow and they are broken for another planting. Copybooks call it perseverance; whatever it be, it is what the pioneer must have. Jacobson has it in plenty. Jacobson also appreciates the fact that the direct shipment of products from Davao in ocean vessels was the real beginning of prosperity for the planters. Before that they worked mainly for the interisland steamships, a day to which Governor Gen eral Wood put an end, though the great hero of that little dream was O. V. Wood of Malita, Davao, now deceased. Now the products, hemp and copra, leave Davao directly for New York and San Francisco, or for Europe, and the planters get the benefit of low ocean rates and top local prices. The next step is inward cargoes by ocean steamers, the complete opening of the port which this issue of the Journal celebrates. The planters will get their sup plies cheaper. Woven wire fencing is an important supply, because lands must be planted. On 12 rolls of fencing sent him from Manila Recently, Jacobson paid P12 freight. It is the prospect of ridding them MOLINA TRUCK PHONE 918 Hauling Truck—1 ton _ .. . _ _ Hauling Truck—lYz tons __________ Hauling Truck—4 tons._____ . 2158 Azcarraga _ P3.00 per hr. 4.00 per hr. __ 5.00 per hr. NATIONAL GARAGE PHONE 9 THE Star 5 passenger________ _________________ Dodge and Buicks 5 pass.__________________ Hudson, Nash, Willys and Chandler touring 7 pass._______________________________ Limousine, 7 passengers___________________ P2.00 hr. 3.00 hr. 4.00 hr. 5.00 hr. NEWEST EQUIPMENT IS ON THE NORTH COAST LIMITED SEATTLE TO CHICAGO (DIRECT CONNECTION TO THE EAST AND SOUTH) “NEWEST” means an Observation-Lounge Car surpassing all others heretofore designed. Barber, Valet, Ladies Maid, Bath, Library, Smoking and Card Rooms, Writing Desk, inviting lounge and wide observation platform. “NEWEST” means Pullman sleeping cars different from any you have seen on any other train. Permanent head-boards divide the sec tions for greater privacy. Interior Decorations in soft, new colors. Here is luxury unlimited for sleeping car passengers. All Steel Construction Means Safety. In the Dining Car are those “famously good” Northern Pacific meals, served with deft courtesy and skill at low prices. Daily from Seattle to Chicago IN 70 HOURS. No change of cars. ratts and libraturr mile Northern “2000 MILES OF STARTLING BEAUTY” Pacific Railway selves of such exorbitant charges that makes the planters of Davao ready to ban quet the first captain reaching their port with freights loaded in the United States. R. J. TOZER GENERAL AGENT 609 Robert Dollar Bldg. Shanghai, China. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL •January, 1926 Adventure in Davao Puts Chicago In Background: Johnson It Trhough The debonair, nonchalant attitude toward life—is it not a fine thing to have? To dare all circumstances, this is the type of man who has made good in Davao. One of the type is J. M. Johnson, of Morris, Illinois, 60 miles out of Chicago. He left Chicago as an enlisted artillery soldier: he might now return, an affluent planter. J. Ttl. John.on, Dolunlo.r of Spanish War Da<]« and Creator of Lamidan Plantation, Davao still in the prime of life and still ready for these great adventures which abound in the border country. True, there may be adventure on Chicago’s thoroughfares, dodging motors and beating bandits at gun-drawing; but the optimum reward it offers is getting home with the beefsteak or down to the office in time to punch the clock. One doesn’t, in Chicago, become master cf broad acres, the dispenser of law to multitudes—unless he speaks brogue Eng lish and can be mayor. By all odds Davao is best Johnson’s outfit was the 9th Battery, Field Artillery when it was sent to Manila in March 1902, but Kvhen he first enlisted it was D Battery, 5th Artillery—“John A. Thorpe’s Famous ‘D’ of the ‘5th’,” as Buf falo Bill used to advertise it in his Wild West Show. The outfit soldiered south of Manila and in Cavite; Johnson took his dis charge June 19, 1904, and enlisted in the .police force of Manila, where he was em ployed exactly two years. He then trans ferred to the interna) revenue service and for one year more he ranged through Bulacan and Pampanga sleuthing for dope dealers, revenue dodgers and distillery crooks—helping, in a plain, blunt way, impart the lesson to the Philippines that modern government can’t function without taxes. Johnson, like other veterans, knew how to obey orders and how to enforce obedi ence. This trait recommended him to the Mindanao Estates Company, for whom he went to Davao as foreman in 1907. He soon located a place of his own, and in 1908 came back to Manila and organized a company among his old associates on the police force. The Kalian Plantation Com pany was first owned by Johnson, who re turned to Davao as manager, Andrew Chestnut, the handsome policeman one meets at the entrance to Malacanang, Joe Luke, old-time patrolman who soon sold his share to Johnson and Chestnut and re turned to the United States, and Daniel M. Searcy, who died about fifteen years ago, whereupon Johnson and Chestnut bought his share and became sole owners. Time has winnowed the Davao com munity, as the history cf Kalian shows. Start the New Year well by filling up on SHELL and make 1926 Your most economic motoring year. The utmost mileage, the greatest horse-power can only be obtained by the exclusive use of SHELL The Asiatic Petroleum Co., (P. I.) Ltd. The plantation was steadily developed through a period of more than ten years. In 1919 it was sold to Henry Pahl. It had 118 hectares, of which more than 80 hectares had been put under cultivation when it was sold to Pahl. Johnson then took up Lamidan plantation, his present property, four miles south of Pahl, and Chestnut went in with Arthur Rudes at Kling plan tation, Cotabato. Lamidan comprises 200 hectares, 500 acres. It was surveyed in 1914 and taken up undei- a public-lands lease. In 1919 the application to purchase was filed with the bureau of lands. It seems to be the right thing to say. that everything is going satisfactorily in the Philippines. Can this be, when veteran’s applications to purchase lands remain pending six years without title be ing issued? It usually takes a sharp rap from the chief executive to get things dene at all. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 Johnson has 40,000 hills of hemp on Lamidan, and land clear ed for more. He has 2,000 coconut palms, and land cleared for 3,000 more. He is gradually changing over from hemp to coco nuts, the latter paying better, one year with another. His plans are to plant the whole place in coconuts, which will mean 20,000 palms, an annual production of 1,000 production of 4,000 piculs of copra at the least, and a revenue of not less than P10,000, ^20,000. The labor available at Lamidan is that of wild tribes, of Dilanes and Manobos, who have the quaint custom of working well for the white man they like, and not at all, for anybody, if they don’t fancy his ways. Whatever their own shortcomings, their employer must always be reliable, his word his bond. John son, like Pahl and other successful men, has been very fortunate in dealing with these people. It saves him the trouole and ex pense of bringing workmen from other provinces. The Bilanes and Manobos have their own little places nearby the boundaries of Lamidan, and come at Johnson’s bidding to do whatever there is to be done. He pays them cash, they spend their wagges in his store, and both are happy. Hemp stripping is remunerated on the basis of the weight and grade of dry fiber. Men, women and children employed at other work receive from 30 centavos to a peso a day, fifteen to fifty cents, according to what they are ableto do. A native foreman gets Pl.50 a day, seventy-five cents. The men are expert at clearing off jungle to prepare fields for planting. They fell the small growth, vines, rattans, etc., with their bolus: then they back down the scrub trees and set a fire going. Only charred stumps remain to hinder the plow. Within a year the white ants have i emoved these, and the fields, already planted to productive crops, are as clean as prairie lands. Enjoying prosperity, the creator of Lamidan has been touched by the wanderlust. He comes to Manila often. He came to town in 1908, again in 1918, and is up here again this year—with the excuse that he ought to have some dental work done. That is to say, on« doesn’t just wish for a Davao plantation and come into possession of it. He stays with the job of creating it, for ten years at a time. It is not so much the money invested that makes for success; it's the man on the job, the fellow who delights in pushing jungle borders back from fertile shores and making himself master of the wilderness. , CORONAS de la ALHAMBRA The Coffee Industry in the Philippines ks Decline And Its Partial Recovery By Pedro A. David College of Agriculture, Universitg of the Philippines. The Philippines once had the reputation of producing some of the finest and highest priced coffee in the world, which was noted for its superior quality and compared favorably with the best Mocha. The coffee tiec is not a native of the Philippines. It is said thatothe Spanish missionaries introduced it into the Philippines during the latter part of the eighteenth century. Its systematic cultivation did not begin until he earlier part of the nineteenth century. From this time until 1891, coffee was an important crop and constituted a source of considerable wealth in the Phil ippines, notably in Laguna, Batangas and Cavite provinces. The highest grades were grown in Batangas. Official records of the Philippine government show that cof fee was an important export of the islands from 1854 to 1894 as represented on the accompanying graph. In 1854 there were P137.221 worth of coffee exported from the Philippines. It con stituted 2.16 per cent of the total value of exports. In 1889, the value of the export was 1’2,174,*210, calculated to be 7.08 per cent of the total valie of exports from the Philippines. After this date, the .figures rapidly fell until 1891, when the export trade had been completely wiped out and at the present time the Phil ippines are importing coffee for home consumption. According to the official records of the bureau of commerce and industry, the importation of coffee for 1922 and 1923 was 1’2,181,187. The rapid decline in the coffee industry of the Philippines was lue to the sudden appearance and spread of a devastating disease, coffee blight, or rust, and is caused by a fungus known to science as Hemileia vast rat ri.e. This disease was a complete mystery to the Filipino farmers. The fungus covers the lower side of the leaves of coffee with yellow powdery spots containing spores and causes the leaves to fall. The cumulative effect of defoliation goes on for nine months in the year. The disease spreads from an infected plant to a healthy one by means of spores and is more severe during the rainy season. The mycelium penetrates through the stomata of th"? leavs and grows in the intercellular spaces of the leaf tissue, not onlv robbing the leaves of the manufactured food of the plant, but also destroying these organs unon which the life of the plant is dependent. Alhambra Cigar & Cigarette Mfg. Co. Manila Imitated but never equalled! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 Ignorance concerning plant diseases and their control and the complete absence of effective quarantine measures regulating the importation of plants in the Philip pines, at the time of the introduction of the disease, account for losses of the Fili pino coffee growers running into many mil lions of pesos. But the Filipinos were not the only victims of the voracious parasite. The Dutch possession were equally unfor tunate and their export figures from 1883 to 1908 show a steady decline from 60,000 tons to less than 20,000 tons. The industry in Java was rehabilitated by the cooperation of the Dutch govern ment with the planters. The measures taken were of three different kinds: (a) search for a rust-resistant coffee, (b) breeding resistant varieties, which is now considered a very promising measure, (c) securing information as to the best method of culture. As a result of vigorous efforts along these lines, the Dutch people were able to restore their coffee industry from ruin in spite of the presence of the parasite. The first effort made by the Dutch was duplicated in the Philippines by Dean C. F. Baker of the College of Agriculture, and C. C. Batchelder and P. J. Wester, formerly of the bureau of agriculture, by introduc ing into the Philippines in 1912 to 1916 some of the rust-resistant varieties such as Liberica, Excelsa, Robusta, Ugandae, Quillou, Cogonsis, Abeokutae etc. from Buitenzorg, Java. In order properly to evaluate the success . already attained in the rehabilitation of the Philippine coffee industry as a result of the efforts of these men, it will be in structive to examine the government re cords. Practically no mention of coffee production is made in official publications for the period from 1895 to 1911. After the year 1912 production again began to increase and mounted from less than P70,-. 000 in value to over Pl,000,000 in a period of ten years as shown by the accompanying graph. These records are taken from the report of the bureau of commerce and in dustry. The area planted to coffee is on the increase every year but has not yet Agents Hawaiian-Philippine Company Operating Sugar Central Silay, Occ. Negros, P. I. Mindoro Sugar Company San Josd, Mindoro, P.I. Matson Navigation Company San Francisco Magdalena Coconut Co., Inc., Magdalena, Laguna Oregon Oriental Line Columbia Pacific Shipping Co. Portland become sufficient to supply the demand for domestic consumption. Many parts of the Philippines present the most perfect natural conditions as to climate and soil for coffee cultivation. Some of the special inducements for the cultivation of coffee are the vast areas of virgin soils, most excellent locations, and ready markets. The total area of the Phil ippines is 29,629,600 hectares, of which 63.6 per cent is forest land 18.7 per cent is grass end open land. A very large part of both the forest and the grass lands is suitable for coffee cultivation. Mindanao lies in the same latitude as Liberia, Abyssinia, Dutch Guiana and Co lombia, which are considered world import ant coffee producers. Mindanao and Java, Zanzibar, New Guinea and Brazil are at about the same distance from the equator. Is there any valid reason why Mindanao can not be equally as good a producer as these countries in the same latitude? There is no question that with improved practices and better understanding of the require ments of coffee, many localities in the ar chipelago which are now producing very lit tle or nothing can be made to pay a good profit when planted up with the introduced coffee varieties. Purest Mineral Water from Deep Hot Springs ■ d YOUR CLUB SERVES IT T Drink It For Your Health’s Sake WELCH-FAIRCHILD, LTD. SUGAR FACTORS AND EXPORTERS cTMANILA, P. I. Cable Address: WEHALD, Manila Standard Codes New York Agents: Welch, Fairchild & Co., Ii 135 Front Street San Francisco Agents: Welch & Co., 215 Market Street IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL .January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 THE BICE INDUSTBY By Percy A. Hill of Munoz Nueva Ecija., , Rice Producers' Aesoeiatir. Owing to the crop shortage now ap parent, prices for rice at Cabanatuan and other shipping points range from P3.90 to P4.10 per cavan of palay of 44 kilos, with clean rice at from P9.50 to P9.80 per sack of '57 V2 kilos. These prices for palay are since the war, at the season. Peak the highest reached ___ commencement of the buying season. ____ prices for the season arc reached about August or September each year and ordin arily range 12% to 20% above the opening prices of this period of the year. This year they will probably not go above the lower figure, unless something now unfore seen happens to the export surplus of Indoasia. Harvesting there is still underway. Losses from the drouth fall heaviest upon those provinces dependent upon interpro vincial export; Pangasinan, the granary of the Philippines in former times, will per haps have to depend this year upon other crops for subsistence, or else import in part. It must be said that the outlook for exten sion of the rice industry appears dubious, although the population is increasing whether there are drouths or banner crops. The force of education relative to the rice industry is about nil. Parents believe, and children are obssessed with the idea, that education will cover a multitude of discre pancies, one of which is the producing of the food they consume. There is a touch of pathos in such drcams. The average highschool that leads away from agricultural production includes far too many boys—or men, if you will— who are from 25 to 28 years old and the fathers of growing families. Is this not carrying learning too far? At twice this age most of these men will be dead. Meainwhile they stagnate, dissatisfied, while forever seeking the softcollar job. It? is difficult to see what purpose can be served by the farmer boy attempting to learn differential calculus when the demand for this is low, and the demand for rice and other farm crops high. Universal educa tion, one becomes aware in a season like the present one. does not mean the Golden Age. Far from it. Education must fit, or it fails. Though the bureau of education, most conservative in the government, points with pride to nearly a million pupils, in its reports at least, receiving the ‘uplift’ im the school system for nearly a quarter cf a century, the total effect upon agri cultural production is so slight as to be negligible. The schools product seems un fitted to carry on the occupation of their forefathers, that of producing enough to eat and something to sell. But we all view this with bovine complacency, and get even by tearing to pieces the Monroe Commis sion’s report. The coming generation may, instead of blessing education and educators, regret the blindness with which it followed false gods until it was unlifted to carry on. Those who should lead back into productive pusuits the generation they have ‘uplifted’ appeal" not only indifferent, but actually to harbor an aversion toward change; and so without much change the schools go on, along the course leading inevitably to national deca dence—parasitism, not productiveness. Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.’, NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD O. RANFT, Agent. 368 Gandara (Corner Gandara and Pinpin.) Phone 247 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 Leonard Wood—Father of Davao PEN PORTRAIT By A. V. H. IIartendorp The Sargent portrait of General Leon ard Wood has long been considered one of America’s great paintings. General Wood has recently been painted again, this time by the well known Filipino artist, Fabian de la Rosa. The camera faithfully reproduces the physical appearance of a sitter at any given moment. The painter, however, must produce more than a mere likeness. The painter must show not only appearance, but being. The personality, the character that shines through the integuments of the flesh in the real man, he must transfer to the canvas. If it were not for this sub jective, interpretative nature of the work PHILIPPINE TRUST COMPANY MONTE DE PIEDAD BL1MJ. TELEPHONE 1255 C.ommercial Banking, both domestic and foreign in all its branches. Collections, Domestic and Foreign Exchange, Savings Accounts, Bond and Trust Facilities. cActs as administrator of estates, or as executor or trustee under wills, and as trustee under deeds; secures the issuance of corporate bonds, etc. M. H. O’MALLEY, President. MEMBER AMERCAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION Chase National Bnuk—New York Correspondent of the portraitist, it would be a mere craft and not an art. Both painters, in the present case, have succeeded in showing the real Leonard Wood. In the Velazquez-like Sargent portrait, we have General Wood in his youth. Al though he was already forty-two years old and had already made a great name for himself in Cuba, life still lay before him, and he faced it confidently. The splendid uniform, the heavy epaulets, serve not sc much to decorate the figure, as to set off the calm, strong young face, with the firm yet humane mouth, and the understanding eyes. The portrait calls to mind the lines in Shakespeare’s Lucrcce: In great commanders grace (tnd ■ majesty You. might behold, triumphing ir their faces. The painting is the more remarkable, because it was done in about one hour’s time. Wood and Sargent had met at the University of Pennsylvania where both re ceived the honorary LL.D, degree on the same day in the year 1903, a short time after Wood had returned from Cuba. After the ceremony they went back to Washing ton together, and it was there, in Wood’s house on Connecticut avenue, that the por trait was painted. During the second sit ting, Sargent, in a moment of impatience, brushed out most of what he had done. The third sitting he started out afresh, and after an hour of rapid, decisive work he said suddenly: “I had better stop right here. If I do anything more. I'll spoil it!” The De la Rosa portrait was painted In Manila, in three short sittings. De la Rosa is a middle-aged Filipino artist who has studied in Rome and Paris. He is a true eclectic and his work is not in any sense national, although the Philippines has pro duced a number of painters, notably Luna and Hidalgo. General Wood was sixty-four years old when he sat for De la Rosa, and the De la Rosa portrait is that of a man arrived at perfect maturity and) ripeness. The _military uniform has been laid aside for a civilian’s coat and the favorite blue tie. The figure, however, is still erect, and the lifted head is most characteristic, for de spite his age, his physical strength and vigor are ns amazing as in the days of the Geronimo campaign, when he once covered a hundred and twenty-five miles afoot and on horseback in thirty-six hours through rough and enemy-infested country. His administrative ability is again splendidly showing itself in the Philippines, for in spite of the “non-cooperation” policy of some of the Filipino leaders—a policy which is becoming more half-hearted every day—the business of government goes ef ficiently on under the calm and wise di rection of the silent man in Malacanan Palace. The face in the De la Rosa portrait is lined, but not a line is without its story of service and devotion to country. It is that of a man of ideals inspired, of power controlled, of disappointments met and overcome, of mastery and self-masteryi Two portraits of a great American, taken twenty years apart, and speaking eloquently of a life rich in friendships, rich in service, rich in merit. Still in thy right hand carry gentle peace To silence envious tongues. Be just, and fear not. Let all the ends thou aim’st at be thy country’s, Thy God’s, and truth’s. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY FOR SALE —Old and well-established merchandise and transportation business in Mindanao; practically exclusive control of best agencies in prosperous district with constantly increasing trade. Has paid to exceed 25% for years. Splendid oppor tunity for one or two men with some know ledge of transportation and trade. Owner must sacrifice owing to ill health and need to return to states. For information address “Z Y X” c./o Business Manager, AmericanChamberof Commerce Journal, Manila. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 X THE NEW \ KENE liMrrE Finest Train in Jill Jim erica JUNE first, the Great Northern Railway presented to the traveling public a new creation in Railway Train Archi tecture, the masterpiece of Pullman construction, an all-new Steel Train without precedent or parallel in equipment and Luxuriousness—the Reu> Oriental Limited' to Chicago and Eastern Cities. Overland to Chiaaqo The route is via Glacier National Park, crossing theRocky and Cascade ranges. The Rew Oriental Limited will cover the 2,206 miles between Seattle and Chicago (without change)—in 70 hours. Direct connections are made in Chicago for all points east. i. Applq to AMERICAN EXPRESS CO. or A S! G. HENDERSON CHACO BLDG.. AGENT PHONE 120 THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY Route of the New Oriental Limited Finest Train in All America ■J IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMDER OP COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 From Army Clerk to Plantation Owner One Man’s Winnings from Davao Jungle To rise from the humble position of a ’.dt e nographic clerk to the estate of man ager and prin cipal owner of a great Davao plantation has been the ex perience dur ing the past twenty years of H. S. Pea body of the Lais Trading and Develop ment Compa ny, who left Manila for Davao almost p e s o-less in 1905 and re turned to town the other day enroute to Ba guio with boon c o m p a nions from Davao to celebrate their mjutual success in their battle with the prim al jungle of southern Min danao. Peabody, like fifty others, is now a seasoned DaH. S. Peabodi). Lait T.adinq & Develpomonl Co . Davao vao man. The topography and climate of Mindanao are ap rimer to him; equally familiar in his experience are the tribes of the region, their customs, manner of living and now these may be adapted to modern plantation development. They are no longer young men, yet they are not old. If development on an adequate scale is undertaken,—development of the rubber industry, for example,—these men might well be drafted into the service of a second successful pioneer movement. They respond to the call of endeavor, but let only mere mention be made of what they may do in the future, since their re commendation is what they have done in the past. Truth is, they are as staunch as stone. Henry Peabody of Lais came to the Phil ippines in 1898 ain enlisted man, a volunteei- soldier of the 7th California regiment. As a regiment this outfit never came to the islands, but Peabody came as clerk attached to the headquarters staff of the 8th army corps. He was a clerk in the adjutant gen eral’s office and his duties were those of a stenographer. When the formalities of the insurrection were concluded, he like the thousands of others was sent home and mustered out of the service. But the Phil ippines called him. He had sniffed the fertility of the vast stretches of idle lands; in his dreams he put the ax to the jungle, the plow to the burned-over glebe; in his dreams, the long, long dreams of youth, he conjured pleasantly appointed plantation houses domineering broad fields of profit able well plowed acres. Being a young man of determination, he set out to make the dreams come true. They came true, but not as dreams, only as the reward of purpose wrought into real ities. To get back to the Philippines in 1902 after his soldiering period, Peabody took the civil service examination and accepted an appointment as stenographer in the bu reau of science. He gained steady promo tion and in 1905 was chief clerk of the bureau. This was well enough, but what lay beyond along this road? Peabody thought he saw very little for himself along it. On the other hand, there was Davao. He resigned his place as chief clerk of the bureau of science, organized a plantation company and went to Davao to lay his future in the lap of the gods. His asso ciates were T. K. Adrian of the treasury department, E. S. Ely, who lost his life at sea in the wreck of the Leyte off Samar Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors, Towboats, Launches, Waterboats, Shipbuilders and Provisions. SIMMIE GRILK Phone 302 Port Area JACOB LEVY EXPORTER-COMMISSION MERCHANT Philippine Hats BALIBUNTALS, BANKOKS, BAMBOOS, HEMP, ARAYATS, ETC. ® IMPORTER-MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT Textiles-Hosiery-Sundries and Specialties. Cable Address: TEXTILES 227 Calle David Manila, P. I. coast in 1907, E. M. Wood of the bureau of education and one other. The capital put into the project was P16.000. Most of the partners soon sold their interests: there was no way of working magic on the jun gle and harvesting quick dividends. In fact, many a tough problem was to be solved before profits were thought of. “The first thing I had to do was to clear a patch of ground and plant a field of hemp,” Peabody explains. This he did, even before he had a decent shelter over his head. The simple process has gone on ever since — clearing patches of ground, planting hemp, coconuts and rubber. The land was first acquired under lease, but is now under title. It is 864 hectares and 150 hectares are in hemp. 120 in coconuts and 100 in rubber. The rubber is the Castilloa variety. It is extracted from the trees, rolled into balls, sacked like copra and shipped to the United States. If it is advisable to convert the plantation to Para rubber, this can be done. Whatever is now advisable can be done. Labor problems have been solved, marketIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 F P C DAVAO HEMP Daido Boeki Kaisha, Ltd. Furukawa Plantation Co., Inc. Daido Boeki Kaisha, Ltd. Manila ---- Cebu Furukawa Plantation Co., Inc. Davao ---- Manila IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 ing problems too. The pleasantly appoint ed plantation house has not been built, but may be whenever it is wanted. Lais is near Malita. Peabody assists in the man agement of the latter plantation and makes his home there part of the time. Malita is a magnificent estate, a fitting monument to the character and willpower of 0. '.V. Wood, Peabody’s friend and neigh bor whose story is something apart. The assessed valuation of Lais is now P168,00C. Peabody’s associates in ownership of the stock are the estate of the late Mary Polk of the bureau of science, so long librarian there, and Mrs. Dora Wood, widow of 0. V. Wood. From well cultivated gardens, me lons and many varieties of vegetables are abundant. Fifty-three kinds of fruit grow or. the place — as well as at Malita — in cluding figs of enormous size and luscious flavor. There are of course mangos, man gosteens, lanzoYies. oranges, lemons, pomeios and alligator pears. California oranges and lemons are thriving. Rubber, not hemp, was the crop Peabody had in mind in going to Mindanao. But hemp was what would pay first and pay steadily for the development of the planta tion, and nothing could be better than coco nuts. Crops were therefore diversified, which is always safer. Uninformed by experience, the less desirable variety of rubber was planted; so if rubber becomes the major crop it will be by a new under taking. No pressure of circumstances ad vises one way or the other: the three crops together are perhaps the three best farm crops in the world. Lais plantation made expenses even during the years when hemp was lowest, selling at times for not more than P9.50 at the plantation. No conceiv able market situation holds any terrors for the owners; they have triumphed over the worst that might befall. Besides, their position in relation to the market improves yearly: ocean steamers load their products at the Malita dock and export prices are paid by buyers. A reputation in the hemp market for standard fiber in the higher grades only, is carefully maintained. Strippers are not compensated by a share of the product. They are paid an agreed price per kilo of dry fiber delivered at the warehouse, the wage being based on the current marker. Other workmen arc employed to clean off dead growth and cultivate the fields. The fiber produced averages very close to grade E, with a goodly quantity of B and C. The Universal stripping machine is used for grades E, F, and I; hand strippers get out grades B, C and D. The A grades, for tagal hat braid, can be produced but the market margin in their favor deesn't warrant this being done. Could Peabody’s career be successfully immitated today? Really Davao’s public lands have hardly been touched; existing plantations are only a fringe around the coast; the fertile acres of the back country are still jungle. ‘ There is an unlimited quantity of rolling country back of Lais and Malita,” says Peabody, “that is public domain of the United States. It is first class for para rubber and will grew the other crops as well.” Are there pioneers in this genera tion? The door to Davao is open. REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Stanley Williams Manager. International Banking Paris .................... ............ 13 Hongkong ............ ............ 117% Madrid ................. ............ 143 Shanghai ............. ............ 65% Singapore ............. ............ 114% India ..................... ............ 134% Japan ......... ’........ ............ 88 Java ..................... ............ 122’4 Telegraphic trans fers on New York were quoted at par on November 28, the last business day of that month. On De cember 1 the rate was raised to ’/s% premium and on De cember 5 to H'c premium. The mar ket was unchanged at ’4 '/< throughout the rest of the month until the 31st, when the quqotation was called %'/<■ premium with money in good supply and the tone firmish. Sterling cables were quqoted at 2/'o ¥> on November 31, but the quotation was lowered to 2/0 9/1G on December 5 and the market remained unchanged at that level throughout the rest of the month, closing steady. Three months sight credit bills were quoted nominally at the close at 2/1 9/16, with D/P bills of like usance at ’/sth higher. The New York London cross rate closed at 484% on November 30 and rose 485-5/16 on December 5. After dropping to 484 % on the Sth and 9th, it fluctuated between 485 and 485-3/J.G until the 29th and 30th, when it touched 485’4, closing at 485-3/16 on «the 31st. London bar silver closed at 32% spot 32 forward on November 30th. It rose to 32-3/16 and 32-1/16 on December 4 and after reacting to 31-9/16 spot and forward on the 16th, it touched 31-13/16 spot and forward on the 18th, 21st and 22nd. It then dropped gradually away to 31% spot and forward on the 30th and closed at 31-11/16 spot and forward on the 31st. New York silver closed at G9’4 on Novem ber 30, touched a high of 69% on December 4 and 5 and a low of 68’4 on the IGth, clos ing at 68% on the 31st. Telegraphic Transfers cn other points were qquoted nominally at the close on De cember 31 as follows: INSULAR LUMBER COMPANY MANUFACTURERS AND EXPORTERS —--------------------------------------- OF-------------------------------------------PHILIPPINE CABINET WOODS ^ANNUAL CAPACITY 50,000,00 FEET TANGUILI RED LAUAN ALMON and APITONG LUMBER Kiln Dried Flooring and interior finish Box shooks and packing cases. ^MANILA, P. 1. FABRICA, P I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL ,^== 1926 CARNIVAL JANUARY 30 FEBRUARY 14 the Far East! The Biggest Event in I q ilXTEEN days of endless fun and frolic—when the most novel, spectacular and marvelous | O [creations in amusements and shows will take place in its fullest grandeur and magnificence-coupled with an Oriental Fair and Exposition where all Government Bureaus and the various provinces will participate. The cooperation of the Governments of Japan, China. India, French Indo-China and others has been requested. Are YOU A STOCKHOLDER? If you are not —you ought to become one —and if you are now—you ought to renew your stock—for the following: 1926 CARNIVAL JANUARY 30 FEBRUARY 14 /.V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION HIE AMERICAN CI1AMUER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 Went Barefoot to Hold Plantation—Now Dwells in Palace in Midst of Paradise One of these d. ays the Cham her of Commerce will receive a ship ment of melons from Lapuan Planta tion, Davao. They will he Tom Watsons, Georgia Rattle snakes a n (1 the other ar istocrats o f the melon world. They promise to be as large and have the flav or of the best {States - grown melons. Skep tics are to be convinced. They will be sent by the grower, Henry Pahl, owner of Lapuan, and there won’t he any charge: Pahl is one of the half-hun dred fine fel lows who have turned the coast of Da vao from jun gle into hemp and coconut fields and written Amer ican pioneer history in the orient, with certain tragicchapters sandw i c h e d be tween endeav o r, success and achievement. Hcnrq Pahl. Owner oj Lapuan Plantation They make light of the tragedy, of course, and are equally reticent about the success ful part; for they haven't been playing a fourilusher’s game. Pahl went to Davao September 27. 1911, and took up Lapuan plantation, 261 hectaies, under lease from the government. He had three partners in Manila, each of whom was to send him P75 a month, and on this 1*225 a month he was to maintain himself and family, employ labor and develop the plantation. The jungle came square down to the shore, "not an acre was plowed and not a marketable thing was growing. It was a question whether the wild people Bilanes and Manobos, could be induced to vork. Pahl of course did not know a sylable of their language. The first problem was shelter: material was cut from the jungle and a temporary shanty built. The next problem was to get some hemp planted, which in 18 months would yield fiber and bring in revenue. So a clearing was made and planting undertaken. Fortunately the Bilanes and Manobos would work. But soon there was no money to pay them. One partner lost his job in Manila and quit putting in his money. Another, with less excuse, grew discouraged and quit sending his 1’75 a month. Only one lived up to his contract: Pahl’s resources soon shrank to P75 a month. It just wouldn’t go round, that’s all. Pahl was soon in rags. He sold his shoes off his feet to buy food for his family. He sold a Stetson hat for ten pesos with which to get to Davao, where he borrowed the fare to Manila. He had to come back and get more backing. What had become of his first partners he did not know. But arrived in Manila he soon learned. They would agree to put in no more money; on the contrary one wanted to sell. There were not two horns to the problem; it was no dilemma. Pahl had to have money; he had to get back to the family and the plantation and get crops to growing. His faith in Davao was not shaken in th,.* least. He tramped the streets of Manila, found within 21 hours a man who would lo.-.n him P3000. With part of this he bought his partner’s stock; the rest he took Lack to Davao as working capital. The firm became Pahl and Henderson, Inc. Aside from this money, during five years some Pl2000 went into the plantation; and everything else came from the soil. It is good soil- as good as there is in the world. But when drouths come, crops fail; so after all it. is much like soil everywhere— just one factor in successful tilage. Pahl’s early crops failed because of drouth. See ing irrigation was necessary, he put the whole place under an irrigation system, making the land pay the bill. Naturally he lived no princely life during those long, tedious years of the development period. He was looking ahead, beyond to the horizon of present circumstances, to a dream he saw coming true—as acre after acre of the jungle was turned into productive fields. Lapuan comprises 264 hectares, but in 1919 Pahl bought Kalian plantation, 118 hectares more, from Johnson and Chester, so his present plantation embraces 382 hectares, 955 acres. On this place he has 21,000 coconut palms and 50,000 hills of Manila hemp; the monthly production aver ages 100 piculs and hemp and 100 piculs of coconuts. Launches of the Columbian Pope Company call at the plantation dock Just Arrived KATUBUSAN Makers of Cigars and Cigarettes A New. Shipment of Miller Tires Geared-To-The-Road CORDS and Miller Balloon Tires In All Sizes Popular in the Philippine Islands Send in for your size immediately Miller Tire Station 159 Plaza Sta. Cruz-Manila, P. I. Telephone 22315 The foremost exponent of the industrial capa city of the Fili pino people. CO o z > Q UJ z u. Qi □ O > Qi IThe products of this factory enjoy a wide popularity not only locally but in foreign coun tries. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Junuary, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 The Test of Time For a quarter of a century and one year THE MANILA DAILY BULLETIN stands the test. Established 1900 —the same owner and publisher ever since. Sturdy as the Oak As grew the mighty oak from the modest acorn, just so developed THE MANILA DAILY BULLETIN from its humble birth... sturdy stands the BULLETIN, the people’s paper, fearless and unshackled... growing with the Philippines, each helping the other grow. THE BULLETIN is embedded in its own structure pur chased with VISION of the future. THE BULLETIN is embanked in financial stability, accruing from justly earned profits; but more THE BULLETIN in business and in the home is rooted in the lives and hearts of the citizens of the Philippines. 4*4 OFFERS YOU SUCCESS THRU ITS ADVERTISING COLUMNS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January. 1926 and take the product away regularly. The situation today is quite different from what, it was when Pahl hiked barefoot to Davao to catch a smudgy steamer to Manila to raise a bare grubstake. The little thatch shanty is gone. In its stead has risen the finest plantation house, perhaps, in all south Mindanao. Every bedroom has running water, lights and a private bath. The plantation paid for them; they are what Davao land has given one man who had the faith to play the game out to the end. Development of the plantation has brought prosperity to the whole community—which is, almost with out exception, the experience of every Da vao community where an American has taken up land. Far all among the Bilancs and Manobos who wish to work, Pahl prov ides something to do; even children are paid Independence on Davao Homestead—What May Be Done with Sixteen Hectares It is believed interesting to include in the material for this special issue of the Journal on the port and province of Davao a nar rative of what an American has done on a homestead there, a mere sixteen hectares, er forty acres; not tin any sense of the Qoorqo R. L. Pond, of lha moro Improvement Co.. Davao. Jllao a Successful Homesteader, makinq 40 Acres paq Ps.ooo a gear word a plantation, and commonly thought too meager a fract for the American to bother to take up. When a homestead of 16 hectares has been put into cultivation, another tract half the size can be added to it by application to the bureau of lands. Twenty-four hectares or sixty acres is the maximum homestead tract, but on the basis of what it can be made to produce it is much larger than the tract of 160 acres granted in the United States under the homestead law. This is the story of what George R. L. Ik nd, a Davao planter, has been able to do with sixteen hectares. He has it all under cultivation and will take up the eight hectares additional which the law allows him. Pond’s more important interests are in the Moro Improvement Company, of which ten cents, the wages of men in the adjacent tropics. Men earn regularly P45 to P60 a month. Besides, they have their perqui sites from the orchard and gardens. No cold storage shipping space is to be had; the surplus of vegetables and fruits can cnly be given away or allowed to rot. Flo rida grapefruit, even when sent to Davao, bring 3-1/3 centavos each; three fine ones sell for ten centavos. It is the same with oranges, mandarins, mangosteens and le mons, the same with melons and figs. Rather a paradise, isn’t it?—a place ideally situated on an inland sea, so thor oughly developed and so well equipped? If there were 200,000 such places in the Philippines carved out of the United States public domain as this one was, the islands would begin to take on the aspect of partial development. C. M. Simmons is maneger, Pond being employed as assistant. The company has a tract of 1005 hectares, taken up in 1906. On it are 100,000 hills of hemp and 3000 coconuts. The land was first taken under lease, but application to purchase was made in 1918, seven years ago, when the pur chase price was deposited with the gov ernment. Since then matters have waited upon the land administration, either tangled in red tape or equally confused by other absurd impedimenta making delays inter minable Seven years since the purchase applica tion was filed—and no title yet! If such matters were stressed in official reports to Washington and in testimony before con gressional committees, possibly there would be a national awakening to a realization of what the situation really is. More Fi lipinos are affected than Americans: the former, however, being mere peasants have no voice in public affairs, and the latter have little influence because they don’t vote in the home elections. The problem is not in the home district: ergo, there is no problem! Pond has infinite patience, together with 23 years’ experience. He took up his home stead of 16 hectares some years ago. It adjoins the plantation of the Moro Improve ment Company. Practically speaking it can all be cultivated, and is cultivated. After Pond got possession of it he was looking aboiU; for workmen to put it into cultivation.-/ In Davao, Japanese do this sort of thing. When they have finished one job they move on to the next. One day a group of them came to Pcnd’s and Simmons’ place. Did they want any plant ing done? No, not on the plantation: on Pond’s homestead, yes. The usual bargain was struck, after due parley, and the Japa nese moved onto the plantation and began operations, first building their thatch houses from materials everywhere at hand. They cleared off the jungle and planted the place to coconuts. For every palm planted, Pond gave them fifty centavos. For every palm living at the end of one year, he gave them another half peso; for every one living at the end of two years, a peso; and for every cne living at the end of three years, another peso, making three pesos per palm brought to the age of three years, at which time plantings are out of danger and begin to thrive with very little further cultivation. In this way the whole place planted up. Some 2000 coccnuts are growing on it. Of 100 of the first palms planted, Pond kept a careful record, numbering each Pahl, of course, is a veteran. He is from Parkersburg, West Virginia, and came to the Philippines in 1900 with the list U. S. Volunteers on the Army Transport Logan via the Suez Canal, the Logan sailing from New York late in 1899 and arriving in Manila in January, 1900. From soldier ing in Mindanao, Pahl learned of the great fertility of Davao lands and their untouch ed resources. He has made a first rate planter of himself; he reads the literature of agriculture and supplements the knowl edge thus gained with his own experience. Leaving Manila a few days ago, he took with him a shipment of young plants of Liberian coffee, intending to develop cof fee as a third important product of his plantation. in order to do so. When at the bear ing age, these palms averaged 60 nuts each per year, and 185 of the nuts made a full picul of copra. This is remarkable, noth ing less; for in the great Laguna-Tayabas coconut country, the largest single coconut area in the world, 290 nuts to the picul are figured as the average. Pond’s record, on the other hand, cannot be questioned; it merely proves the fertility of Davao farm lands. It may be safely estimated that on his homestead four palms will produce a picql of copra per year. Roughly calculat ing, the entire homestead will produce 500 piculs of copra per year, which cannot be figured at an average less than ten pesos the picul, net, making an income of P5000 from the sixteen hectares. On the same basis the maximum homestead tract in Davao will yield an annual income of P7,500. Excepting in special branches such as orcharding, the best farm in the United States does not compare with this, no mat ter what hard work may be expended upon GENUINE SAXONKNIT BATHING SUITS A Magnificent suit for the enthusiastic swimmer, one that will be appreciated and of practical value. All SAXONKNITS are of pure wool, guar anteed not to shrink- They are made to withstand the strenuous wear of actual swimming. Ask to see our new RIBBED STITCHED SUITS and our new SPEED MODELS. They are absolutely new—Just unpacked. SQUIRES BINGHAM CO. Sportsmen's Headquarters Where all good fellows meet 15 Plata Goiti Manila Phone 300 /.V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 it. While in Davao, work is confined almost wholly to supervision. Hired workmen gather the nuts and prepare the copra for market; launches of the export houses in Davao, or barges of the stevedoring com pany operating at the port of Davao, call regularly at the plantation dock and haul the crop away—only too glad to get it, to fill out a steamship cargo and make up the monthly shipments to oil mills in America. The public may disabuse its mind of the impression that the cnly paying projects in Mindanao farming are the big ones under taken by companies. Some of these have not paid yet, but there is no doubt of the homestead’s paying—if an honest, patient man is employed on it. The holder of the homestead is not compelled to live on it; he can go ahead working elsewhere while the fields are being planted and fiber or palms or rubber brought to the production age. But selection of a manager for the place is the essential element in success. Hundreds of Americans originally went in to Davao. Less than a hundred remain there. For the most part these men have been successful, Pond among them, but they are a winnowed community: the fail ures have sifted through the meshes of time. Pond wont to Davao as a hospital corps man in 1902, landing there in October. He came from Hollister, San Benito County, California. He took his discharge from the army in Davao, the year he went there, and has been there ever since. The big plantation he is interested in is a fine one, with a lot of land still to develop. But the yield from 100,000 hills of hemp and 3000 coconuts is not small. Pond tackled th? Philippine jungle and made good. Review of Business Conditions for August REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman Macleod & Company THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, LTD At the beginning of the month exporters in Manila were buying on the basis of E P47.—, F P44.—, G 27.—, H 22.—, I 40.- , JI 30.—, SI 43.4, S2 40.— and S3 30 4. These prices ruled throughout the month with an occasional variation of from 2 to 4 reals on the different grades. All hemp arriving found a ready market and it is believed that the majority of the hemp to arrive between now and the middle of Jan uary has already been sold at these prices. U. K. GRADES. The first of the month the U. K. market was firm and sales were being made on the basis of J2 £45.—, K £39.— and L £39.10 with housemarks bring ing a slight premium By the 10th of the month the U. K. market was quiet and prices had declined about £1/—/— per ton. There was a sharp decline during the next week and hemp was offered on the basis of J2 £42.10, K £36.10 and L £37.—. Then allowed a better market and by the 18t'n of the month sales were made on the basis of J2 £44.—, K £38.— and L £38.10. The market remained from steady to firm during the remainder of the month and closed on the basis of J2 £46.10, K £10.—, L £41.— and M £34.10. However, business was rather limited. The beginning of the month the market in Manila for the U. K. grades was steady for good parcels while hemp showing traces of weakness was avoided. The prices paid by the exporters during the first week were on the basis of J2 P22.H0. K 18.25 and L 18.75. These prices varied slightly accord ing to the parcel. By the middle of the month prices had declined and sales were made on the basis of J2 P21.—, K 17.75 and L 18.—. For the following week there was very little demand for the low grades and a number of sales were made at lower prices. Toward the end of the month the market was firmer and closed with buyers of good parcels on the basis of J2 P22.4, K 18.4, L 19.—and M 15.4 with the usual variations according to the district and quality. FREIGHT RATES. The rates on Ma nila hemp to all consuming markets remain unchanged. FIBRE GRADING LAW. The new Fibre Grading Law passed by the last Legisla ture has been signed by the Governor Gen eral and comes into effect July 1, 1926. The administration of this Law will be in the hands of a Fibre Board to be appointed by the Governor General and approved by the Legislature. STATISTICS. Below we give the fig ures for the calendar year. It will be noted the production for 1925 was 232,654 bales less than in 1924 while the stocks remain ing on hand in the islands show an increase of 34,294 bales. Shipments to the consum-' ing markets show a decrease. The production of Maguey during 1925 was 41,480 bales less than in 1924. Ship ments to the U. S., U. K. and Japan show a corresponding decrease while to the Con tinent of Europe they show a slight inT<> !)•;<■. »» lur/ifii HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN CAPITAL (PAID UP)... RESERVE FUND_____ UNDIVIDED PROFITS. YEN 100,000,000 .Yen 83,500,000 Yen 5,568,628 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA T. SEKI MANAGER PHONE 1759—MANAGER PHONE 1758—GENERAL OFFIOE Hilton Carson Furniture Moved Contract Hauling Baggage Transferred Dump Trucks for Hire AUTO TRUCKING 1955 Aic.rr.i. CO. Phone 2234S IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Our last report was dated December 1 with statistics up to November 30 and this report covers the month of Dec ember with statistics up to the year endDecember 31, S. GRADE'S. On the first of the month the New York market was firm with very little business doing; buyers were more or less indifferentThe nominal quotations were on the basis of JI 13-3/8(1, I 17-3/8C and F lS-S/S^. The market was more or less quiet and by the 10th of the month shippers were offer ing to sell at Jl 13-1/lc* 1, I VW and F 18-3/8(1. The buyers continued to remain indifferent and outside of houemarks and special grades, very little business was transacted. During the holidays there was enquiry from the manufacturers and a fair amount of business developed. Naturally the market firmed up and there was some advance in prices, principally in the lower grades. The market closed for the month of the .basis of Jl 13-3/4(1, I 17-1/4(1 and F~~ ~t8-3/4(1 with sellers rather than buyers. 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS | By E. A. Seidenspinner Vice President Copra Milling Corporation Our November re view was closed on December 4, with the market steady a t provincial con centration points _at 1’16.50 to P16.75 per picul- Due to un favorable advices re ceived from foreign markets, local buy ing pressure was re duced by both ex porters and crushers, and a decline of 50 centavos per picul was registered the first half of the month. However, production continued very low and at no time during December has it been possible to lay down copra purchased in the provinces of La guna and Tayabas at Manila for less than P15-75 per picul, resecado basis. Disre garding provincial firmness, Manila buyers are quoting P15.25 to P15.50 for fully dried copra with very little business passing at this figure. Total arrivals at Mania dur ing December were 164,514 bags as com pared with 209,167 bags for December, 1924. We list below arrivals at Manila for the past three years showing a steady de cline: Bags 1923 ............................... 2,670,627 1924 ............................... 2,540,656 1925 ............................... 2,387,215 Latest quotations follow: London—Cebu —L-29/15 F. M. M.—L-29/5 San Francisco—6-l/8< nominal COCONUT OIL U. S. buyers of this commodity have taken advantage of every opportunity to force down prices for this item. Spot short age was greatly overcome by fairly large deliveries during December and buyers’ ideas were immediately lowered. As usual, during the last week of the year trading was exceedingly sluggish and it is difficult to predict what the market will be when volume inquiry begins. While there seems to be nothing bearish in the coconut oil out look for January, 1926, in so far as carry over stocks are concerned, lower prices for competing fats and oils will do much to prevent a recurrence of November prices. Latest advices from foreign markets follow: London —No quotation. San Francisco—Sellers at 10? to 10-1/4C f. o. b. tank cars Feb ruary/March Shipment —Buyers at 9-5/8<? to 9-3/4? c. i. f. January ship ment. COPRA CAKE Contrary to expectations, the Continental market for copra cake eased off gradually during the month and is now quoted at L-7/5 c. i. f. Hamburg for January ship ment. No advices are at hand on U. S. quotations. Manila, January 6, 1926. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 LUMBER REVIEW By Arthur F. Fischer Director, Bureau of t'oreetry The favorable market condition noted in the last re view still holds true and we have reasons to believe that a heavy export of lumber will take place during the last month of the year, or early in 1926. Heavy buy ing continues and although the amount of lumber shipped in November was less than that of the cor responding month in 1924, the total value in money was higher. The export for November amounted to 5,371,242 board feet valued at P356,900 as compared with 7,219,448 board feet valued at P335.139 for the same month in 1924. The month of November registered an in crease in export of about a million feet over that of October. In round figures the United States imported 2.747 M Bd. Ft.; Australia, 782 M. Bd. Ft.; China, 502 M. Bd. Ft.; and Japan, 940 M. Bd. Ft. as com pared with 1.903 M. Bd. Ft.; 118 M Bd. Ft.; 309 M. Bd. Ft.; and 4.571 M. Bd. Ft., respectively, in 1924. With the exception of Japan, therefore, all the countries named showed a heavier import this year as com pared with the corresponding month last year The lumber shipment for November amounted to 15.142 million board feet as compared with 12.529 million board feet in 1924. The production of 30 mills amounted to 14.180 million board feet as compared with 12.866 million board feet in 1924, and the lumber in stock amounts to 33.511 mil lion board feet as compared with 26.403 million board feet in 1924. Advices from the United States as well as the interest shown by entities there in Central and South American timber re sources, give credence to the fact that the United States is waking up to the gradual dihiinishing of the hardwood supply at home and are beginning to look for sources of supply abroad. The various articles ap pearing in trade journals from the United States show that the Philippines is very prominently considered as a possible source of supply. This is an indication that the demand for Philippine lumber to the United States will increase. Philippine lumber men, however, must put themselves in a position tq compete in price as well as in quality and quantity with producers of hardwood elsewhere. More rigid inspec tion of export shipments and a recognition of the necessity for the installation of dry kilns on the part of local producers must be taken. If this is done, there is no ques tion but that the lumber industry will de velop a steady and healthy growth and be come permanently established. The local carriers situation is a handicap which could be worked out by cooperative efforts on their part in the purchase of lumber schooners carrying approximately one-half million feet or more and drafts shallow enough to enter any lumber harbor in the Philippines. DECEMBER SUGAR REVIEW By Wei.ch-Fairchild, Ltd. NEW Y OR K MARKET: During the month the mar ket was steady. Prices remained low, but there was no disposition on the part of holders to press sales. The market opened with sales of Cubas for 'prompt shipment at 2-1/2?, c. & f., de clined to 2-1/4?, and thereafter recovered, closing firm with sales at 2-7/16?, c. & f. There were sales of old crop Philippine Centrifugals <jn route at 3.96? and 4.14?, and of new crop for December/January/ February shipment at prices ranging from 4-1/8? to 4-1/4?, all landed terms. Futures on the exchange ruled steady, with- a tendency to decline during the greater part of the month, but recovering at the close. We give quotations as fol lows : High Low Latest 2.51? 2.32? 2.45? 2.65 2 43 2.58 2.83 2.61 2.78 March . . . . May.............. September . . The milling season in Cuba made a good start, more centrals starting up than was expected. This tended to affect adversely prices for spot sugars and also for near-by positions. Explaining the reason for the earlier commencement of milling on a gen eral scale than was anticipated, one author ity writes: “This yqar, however, the drought would ripen the cane, and the yields in DecernFUJI SILK in the latest designs and colors, in weights to please —thin as tis sue or very heavy. PORCELAINS for your home. In beautiful designs and at reasonable prices. Whenever you want any thing serviceable or beau tiful from Old Japan, remember the Osaka Bazar “The Japanese Department Store" 332-346 Echaguc Phone 216. her, instead of being 87, as they were al this time last year, might be much nearer 107. Furthermore, there is al ways that dread of fire when the car.e is dry, which makes managers very anxious to get started, and be in a posi tion to grind cane in case a misfortune of this sort should occur.’” If drought in Cuba has adversly affected cane production, the effects would naturally be reflected later in the season. The yearly commencement of milling therefore should not seriously disturb the market. LOCAL MARKET: The local market for centrifugal was steady with fairly large transactions at prices ranging from 1’9.50 to 1'10.00 per picul, ex godown, basis 96’. Good progress continues to be made in harvesting and grinding. Purities are im proving as the season advances, and the indications are that the yields of sugar per ton of cane will be better than last year, though, unfortunately, the yields of cane per hectare will be considerably less. Some of the centrals have reduced their estimates. One authority estimates the to tal Philippine centrifugal crop as follows: Negros Luzon . Panay . Mindoro metric tons 292,000 110.893 9,21-1 4,500 416,607 This estimate shows a reduction of ap proximately 25,000 tons on the estimate al ready published, particulars of which will be found in our November review-. The weather is reported as on the whole favorable for planting the new crop. Sorrfe districts report planting well advanced, though it is stated that in other districts it is behind owing to financial difficulties. Large shipments of new crop centrifugals have already been made to the U. S. mar ket. Shipments to all countries from Jan uary 1 to December 23 as follows: Kimis of sugar Metric tom Centrifugal 439,592 Muscovados 72,547 Refined 4,257 Destination U. S. China & Japan U. S. & Japan 516,396 The freight rate on sugars from the Philippines to Atlantic Coast was reduced to $7.00 per ton of 2210 lbs., at which rate shippers have contracted for the greater part of their requirements for the season. MISCELLANEOUS: The stocks in U. S., •Cuba, U. K., and the live principal coun tries in Europe at the end of the year were placed at 3,120,000 tons as against 2,440,000 tons and 2,000,000 tens at the end of 1921 and 1923, respectively. Estimates of the present Cuban crop com piled by various authorities will be of in terest, and follow: Tons Guma Mejer ....................... 5,374,000 Himely ................................. 5,293.000 Lamborn ............................. 5,200,000 Havana Sugar Clubs.......... 5,089,000 Other crop estimates are: Porto Rico ........................... 550,000 British India ....................... 2,502,000 The latest estimate of the European beet crop is 7,457,500 tons. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTI ON THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1U26 TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. Meyer Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette BEAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Addition R A IE LEAF : The local market during- December has been rather dull. Shipments to Belg ium, Holland, North Africa and Australia show some Increases while other countries, es pecially Japan and Spain, have greatly reduced their im ports. Export during December was as follows: Leu) Tobacco and Scrap. The year ends with a considerable increase over last year, although not quite so great as expected. Sales are almost double those of 1921 (P8,227,860) but failed to reach the pre-slump figures of 1920 (P17,677,811). The steady yearly in grounds for the expectation that the coming year will show a total equalling- and per haps even passing the above figure. Kilos Australia ......... 25,572 Belgium and Holland........ 49,964 China .................................. 20,506 Germany ................... 96 Hongkong ........................... 50,159 Japan ..................................... 5,290 North Africa ..................... 287,040 Spain ................................... 84,042 United States..................... 51,385 574,054 CIGARS: Upon investigation among the iocal factories we have found that on account of the proposed tax reduction in the United States only orders for very limited quantities have been placed during last month, and we expect a continuance of this policy on part of the American im porters until the decrease in taxes has been decided. Comparative figures for the* trade with the United States during 1924 and 1925 are as follows: January .... 13,495,035 12,100,270 February ... 12,860,510 12,272,719 March ......... 13,819,818 16,764,160 April ........... 10,177,294 12,762,921 May ............. 16,531,472 19,041,369 11,475,602 13,441,200 17,662,738 July ............. 14,609,684 August ........ 17,174,988 18,039,502 September- 17,277,780 21,842,973 October ........ 21,033,780 23,210,700 November . .. 16,408,814 20,059,968 December . . . 20,671,898 20,673,628 Total ........ . 185,536,675 212,872,148 812.464 1.071,936 1.153.444 1*15,405,345 13,048,861 10,277.448' 10^082,089 The Teacher Takes Part in Your Sales By advertising in PHILIPPINE EDUCATION you reach directly a vast buying power, you employ the services of 10,000 paid apostles who are constantly spreading the doctrine of wise economic expenditure. The Teachers, who are the advisors to their communities, are influential wordof-mouth advertisers. You can reach them and their communities, thru PHILIPPINE EDUCATION. 9,765 paid subscriptions for the March Philippine Education Co., Inc. Publisher* Philippine Guaranty Company. Inc. (Accepted by *11 the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance 1 ow rates ■ iberal conditions 1 ocal investments I . oans on real estate repayable by 1 A monthly or quarterly Instalments at * ow interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Fllipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manager's Tel. 22110 Main Office Tel. 441 18 inches circumference cable made by JOHNSON PICKETT ROPE COMPANY Pioneer Rope Manufacturers Cable Address P. O. 1457 Pickeltope, Manila ' Tel. 1123 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CIIAMRER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL •January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 33 SHIPPING REVIEW Uy H. M. CAVENDER General Ar/ent, Dollar Steamship Line Upon the whole the condition of the freight market is a shade less gloomy. While there appears to be ample tonnage available for all car go offering from Philippine port s, still Carriers are lifting larger car goes. But generally speaking, in that su gar at this time of the year represents the largest single com modity moving, freight rates are not par ticularly attractive. Sugar to Atlantic S. S. ports now brings only $7.00 and as low as $6.75, except where moving against sea sonal contracts at higher gures. This does not compare favorably with a minimum rate of $8.00 received for sugar last season. On the other hand sugar to the Pacific coast ■s bringing $5.00 while last season it moved as low as $4.50. Mindful of the fact that the real issue is the maintainance of a fast and frequent American passenger service from Seattle to Manila rather than who operates it, Seattle business men have been rallying to the sup port of the Admiral Oriental Line, seek ing at least to postpone the threatened transfer of the ships of the American Oriental Mail Line to other interests. The Shipping Board recently adopted a resolution instructing Elmer S. Crowley, president of the Fleet Corporation, to make ;.n investigation with a view of obtaining another managing operator for the five combination passenger and freight liners now plying from Seattle to ports in the orient. It is understood that the board gave the Admiral Oriental Line sixty days in which to purchase the ships. If a bid, acceptable to the board, was not submitted by that time, according to dispatches from Washington, D. C., the fleet would be taken away from the Admiral Oriental Line and allocated to other interests. R. Stanley Dollar and associates, less than a year ago purchased the passenger liners of the Ship ping Board, plying from San Francisco to ports in the Orient, and are not in a finan cial position, it is understood, to acquire the Seattle fleet at this time. While several 1 ids were made for the liners by R. Stanley Dollar, none was acceptable to the Board. The sixty day period has just closed with no further action by the Board. 'Phe highlights of a controversy which MANILA SEATTLE VIA HONGKONG - SHANGHAI - KOBE - YOKOHAMA PRESIDENT MADISON PRESIDENT JACKSON PRESIDENT McKINLEY - PRESIDENT JEFFERSON - PRESIDENT GRANT ■ - Leave! Mull* Jan. 25 Feb. 6 Feb. >8 Mar. 2 Mar. >4 ONLY TWO-DAY STOP AT HONGKONG TWENTY-THREE DAYS MANILA TO SEATTLE OPERATED FOR ACCOUNT OF U. S. SHIPPING BOARD BY ADMIRAL ORIENTAL LINE MANAGING AGENTS PHONE 22441 24 DAVID is attracting attention all over the country and which threatens to result in Seattle losing its only American steamship line to the orient have been summed up as follows: _1. The Shipping Board was determined IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN ('HAMPER OE COMMERCE JOURNAL 34 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 to sell the American Oriental Mail Line in sixty days to anyone who would take the ships over for operation under the American flag. 2. The Admiral Oriental Line without the aid of Seattle capital or at least financial assistance outside of its own corporation, is unable to buy the ships either within sixty days or a longer period. 3. The Shipping Board has made it known that the Seattle ships will not be assigned to a new corpora tion which would have to start at the bottom in the formation of an organization in the United States and the orient, 4. Portland’s dream has been a line of Shipping Board passenger liners such as th^ “535s” plying out of Seattle and some of the leaders in Seattle’s commerce fear that the outcome of the whole squabble may be that this port will lose to Port land the big ships now plying from Puget Sound to the orient. 5. The names of Frank Waterhouse, former president of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce, and George F. Thorndyke, both of whom for merly operated Shipping Board freighters in the transpacific trade out of Seattle, have been mentioned in connection with the threat of the Board to take the American Orien tal Mail Line away from the Ad miral Oriental Line, the present managing operator. And here the situation seems to stand today, without change in operation, man aging operator or ownership. Just what the future has in store for the American Oriental Mail Line is most difficult to pre dict, but whatever takes place, Seattle in terests seem to have entrenched themselves for a continuation of a fast mail line to Manila and Oriental Ports. SHIPPING PERSONALS The appointment of Edgar M. Wilson, former representative of the old Pacific Mail Steamship Company at various Orien tal ports, as agent of the Dollar Steamship Company at Los Angeles has been announc ed. Mr. Wilson, who succeeds R. W. Proud foot, resigned, is well known in Pacific Coast and Far East shipping circles. With Business of the United States During December, 1925 O. M. Butler American Trade Commissioner The holiday trade in the United States was reported as ex cellent and the cold weather during Dec ember stimulated the dry goods trade par ticularly according to the monthly radio gram just received by this office from the Bureau of For eign and. Domestic Commerce at Washington. the Pacific Mail he last served as agent at Manila. Mr. J. F. Thomkins, manager of the shipping department of Macleod & Co., re turned to his post recently after an absence from the Philippines of about seven months, on holiday in Europe. Mr. V. M. Smith, Assistant Director for Orient of the UJnited States Shipping Board, with headquarters at Manila, is leaving for Washington D. C., on the S.S. President Hayes, sailing January 8. Mr. Smith proceeds via the Suez Canal and will look over shipping conditions in the Straits Settlements, India, Egypt and Mediterra nean countries. The widespread distribution that has characterized the latter half of the year was maintained during the month and re ports from all sections of the country in dicate that throughout the United States it is anticipated that the present sound business conditions will continue. Commo dity prices generally were firm and the em ployment indexes are satisfactory. The anthracite coal strikes is still unsettled but arbitration for the purpose of fixing a new wage scale is being debated. The number of and total liabilities in volved in business failure during Novem ber was greater than during October but the total for the first eleven months of DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE SERVES THE WORLD ROUND THE WORLD 24 Calle David Telephone 22441 High-class Passenger and Freight Service SAILINGS EVERY 14 DAYS The President Liners Offer SPEED -SERVICE- COURTESY-COMFORT Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, eAmerican Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports. SAILINGS EVERY 14 DAYS To SAN FRANCISCO via HONGKONG, SHANGHAI, KOBE, YOKOHAMA and HONOLULU NEXT SAILING PRESIDENT CLEVELAND - - Jan. 27th . PRESIDENT PIERCE - - - Feb. 10th I THROUGH RATES TO EUROPE Railway Tickets to all points in America. To BOSTON-NEW YORK via SINGAPORE, PENANG, COLOMBO, SUEZ, PORT SAID, ALEXANDRIA NAPLES, GENOA, MARSEILLES Round— the—World NEXT SAILING PRESIDENT POLK - - - - Jan. 22nd PRESIDENT ADAMS- - - - Feb. 5th Stopovers will be granted which permit the making of interesting side trips at various points. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 35 1925 was below the corresponding figure for the same period during 1924. Real estate speculation and building operations continue active and although the total for building permits issued during November was 13 per cent lower than the October total it exceeded that for November 1924 by 29 per cent. The great volume of build ing operations of the past year has caused a number of the investment and insurance companies in a number of the large cities to curtail loans for building purposes. Finance and Stocks The money market showed some seasonal tightness and call money rates were slight ly higher but credits appear to be ample. Stock market speculation continued during November and the bond market continued strong with substantial demands for ail classes of foreign and domestic bonds. Bank clearances during the month regist ered a further increase. The December report of the Federal Re serve System shows a decrease of $30,000,000 in Total Reserve and an increase of $178,000,000 in Earning Assets. Discount ed Bills also increased by $140,000,000 and Bills Secured by Government Obligations by $158,000,000. The ratio of Reserves to Deposits was 67.3% and Demand Deposits dropped off $198,000,000. Foreign loans during November includ ing both governmental and corporate amounted to $182,000,000. Italy received the largest amount of any single country having obtained approximately $100,000,000 of the total. Metals Pig-iron production during November amounted to approximately 3,000,000 tons. During Decembei- the pig-iron furnaces are reported as operating at about 58.5 per cent of capacity. The increased, activity of the steel mills reported last month was maintained during November and the daily output during the month was the highest since March, 1924. According to the most reliable estimates available the total steel production for 1925 amounts to some 45,500,000 tons which is nearly 500,000 tons greater than the prev ious peak reached in 1917. On November 30, unfilled orders of the United States Corporation amounted to 4,582,000 tons as compared with 4,190,000 tons on October 30 and 3,717,000 on September 30. Notwith standing the constantly increasing amount of freight that is being handled by auto mobile trucks, the traffic carried by the railroads is also increasing and they are calling on the mills for more equipment. Steel price levels, however, are lower than those of a year ago. Textiles On December 1 the Government’s esti mate placed the 1925 cotton crop at 15,600,000 bales or about 300,000 bales higher than the estimate of November 21. The acreage planted to cotton was estimated as 5 per cent greater than in 1924 and 30 per cent above the five-year average. Cotton consumption during November amounted to 543,893 bales and exports dur ing the month to 1,207,000 bales, while stocks on November 30 were 6,462,000 bales. On January 4, middling upland cotton at New Orleans was quoted at $20.30 which was fifty cents higher than the quotation of December 2 and $3.65 under the quota tion of six months ago. Cotton ginnings during the first eleven month of 1925 amounted to 13,858,000 bales which is a new high mark. The demand for cotton goods has been firm but prices are reflecting the downard tendency of raw cotton prices. New Eng land mills during November operated at 82.5 per cent of capacity for a single shift while the Southern mills after a period of low water now have sufficient hydro electric power and are working full time. Automotive manufacturers alone ordered 10,000,000 yards of cotton goods during November. Stocks of cotton goods are gen erally high. The demand for raw silk has been some what easier but prices remained firm. The demand for silk goods has been seasonally dull but the mills continue active in cover ing the requirements of the coming season. Foodstuffs The final December estimate places the wheat crop of the United States at 661,000,000 bushels. The winter crop is re ported at 82.7 per cent of normal. Wheat prices are advancing but fluctuating pend ing definite reports covering the crop move ments of Argentina and Australia. The rush surplus is another disturbing factor in the market. Minneapolis flour at the beginning of January was quoted at from $11.00 to $11.85 as compared with $10.-0 to $10.75 a month ago. The apple market has been rather quiet and a decrease in the export demand was to be noted. The demand for citrus fruits has been fair but prices declined. Conditions in the dried fruit market have been good and heavy sales are reported for the first quarter of the new year. Prunes have been selling well and raisins satisfac torily. The Dried Fruit Export Associa tion reports that sales conditions in foreign markets are becoming stabilized and that it has been able to estimate on a practical basis the consignment sales in 49 markets. The market for canned goods has been firm and the movement satisfactory. Re ports indicate, however, that while the volume of canned goods sold during 1925 exceeded the 1924 business, the profits were actually less because of heavy crops and low opening prices. The coffee market has been uncertain but a stronger tone is expected for the new trade. Sugar has improved slightly but business remains slow. automotive The taking of the yearly inventories cur tailed production considerably during the THE COMEBACK The comeback must be the right comeback. Your printed product must be the no comeback kind—when the work is done and delivered there is no comeback except another job and a boost fromyou. The right comeback is the comeback we try to get from you—the comeback of a cus tomer thoroughly satisfied, of good opinion, of more orders. The job that has no comeback but a comeback customer is the kind that builds our business. Hammering away every minute to get the right comeback puts the quality in our work, puts the promptness in our service. It takes work and pep but it’s worth it—it wins your good opinion, and that’s the comeback we want. The Times Press James Beaumont, Manager Cosmopolitan Building, Manila, P. 1. past month and buying also has been rather slack. A substantial improvement is anti cipated in January, however, when new’ mo dels and prices are expected to stimulate business. Rubber prices are declining. The pro posal to establish a rubber exchange in connection with the new cocoa exchange which was opened on October first is arous ing considerable interest. The proposal limits membership to individuals or firm directly connected with the rubber industry. Lumber The lumber market is reported as some what firmer. The production of Douglas fir during November amounted to 584,000 thousand ftet with shipments of 527,000 thousand feet while orders reached 622,000 thousand feet. The West Coast Lumber men’s Association with 90 mills reporting produced 95,783 thousand feet and shipped 88,715 thousand feet. New business was 2.5 ]5er cent above production. During the first 51 weeks of the year the same mills produced 5,092,000 thousand feet and ship ped 5,240,000 thousand feet while new busi ness amounted to 5,237,000 thousand feet. Miscellaneous The hide market is somewhat more active but prices are lower. Leather is firm and reports of low stocks are received from the shoe trade while heavy buying is expected in the spring months. The kerosene and gasoline markets are firm and the output of crude oil shows a decline. The dyestuffs market is dull. Newsprint production during November amounted to 130,000 tons and shipments exceeded by some 3,000 tons. Stocks of the end of the month were 17,000 tons. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This number of the Journal will be specially circulated in the United States and is made possible by the assistance of the Davao Chamber of Commerce as well as various planters of Davao. The map cut w’as furnish ed by the bureau of agriculture. We fully appreciate all these courtesies and the patronage of many advertisers. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January. 1926 The Plowman: Custodian of National Wealth Ignored HIS SELF-IMPROVEMENT STILL A NEGLECTED TRUTH By Manuel M. Insigne On the extreme western border of the great Pacific, the Philippine group stands like a faithful sentinel guarding America’s interest in the Far East and helping to preserve her sphere of influence in the Mongolian and Malayan fields of interna tional relations. This group consists of more than three thousand known islands ai.d four thousand unknown — all ridgid and irregular but endowed by Nature with an unusually fertile soil, considered Croannq Abra Rivar al "Abra Qap," Where Qalat Somelimee Sweep the Rajie Oul to Sea. Commerce la Qraallq Retarded in the llocoa Provinces Jor Want of a Qridqe at the Abra River to be one of the richest on the surface of the earth. “Tickle the ground in these islands and great wealth springs from the soil” was the statement of an old Spaniard. In Japan, where the soil is not naturally very fertile, the small proportion of arable land is much overcrowded. Here is, there fore, an advantage of the Philippines over her empire neighbor; one could wan der for days and weeks through an ex tremely fertile country without noticing the least sign of man’s efforts to cultivate. The soil is mainly of decomposed volcanic rocks enriched by decayed organic matter. It yields luxuriantly both exotic and indi genous growths of tropical, subtropical and even temperate zone crops. The islands are productive of more than three hundred fiber plants of commercial and local value. Food producing plants grow in vast variety and profusion. There is, indeed, wealth in every inch of ground in these beautiful islands of the east. How to extract that wealth from the lesom of mother earth is a problem un solved to the present day. There are hands, and millions of them, but hands are not enough without the necessary assistance of able men. That the Americans are here for altruis tic purposes seems a truism that needs no proof; but at the same time, a farce that must be admitted. When finally these islands were ceded to the United States through the Treaty of Paris by Spain, the policy of “indefinite retention......... for the purpose of developing the prosperity .......... of the Filipino people” was clearly enunciated by succeeding Washington administrations. Under more than twenty-five years of America’s tutelage, the Filipinos were able to improve considerably in various stages of life and in some lines of human en deavor. This is particularly true in poli ties—so much so that political progress seems to be a virtue, and economic stability a crime; notwithstanding the fact that a great majority of the Filipinos are destined to be the producers of the country’s wealth and the best contributors to the national coffers. Thus we see a powerful element in the Philippine community, who, though neglected, are nevertheless entitled to all just consideration and favor; and above all. to the proverbial American altruism. In the fields of commerce aktd industry, the American is contributing a great deal to the welfare of this Filipino friend. Here his theory of altruism seems to meet with a favorable impression in the way of paving the road of progress. But we of the Philippines, some of us, at any rate, are brother. But we of the Philippines are brone to ask the question: Is that the end of the perfect road? The Filipinos are by nature and circum stance an agricultural people. It is not strange, therefore, that ninety per cent of the inhabitants are directly or indirectly interested in the improvement of their agri culture. Upon them the middleman depends for all the commodities to supply his trade. These people are the assets of a vigorous race whose achievements and contributions to the national wealth are the best means to redeem their [country flrorn economic bondage. In the light of sound reasoning, it must be admitted that the chief concern of every patriotic citizen in all walks of life should be towards the improvement of living conditions and all possible betterment of the circumstances of the plowman, the sturdy producer of wealth, the soldier of the soil. The Philippines are inhabited by 11,632,762 souls. A vast majority are destined to be tillers of the land. These are the men who do not continually agitate themselves by partaking of the ceaseless bickerings and mud-slingings of political leaders. According to an impartial critic and ob server, these people are a select group whose interests and affections are concen trated upon their families, their homes, their labors and their petty diversions and pleasures, and to the community to which they belong and for which they will die. They pursue their own happiness in life uninterruptedly: and their labors are to them a source of great pleasure. Generally speaking, an average Filipino of the agri cultural element does not burden his mind with the momentary issues of political topics. A close and intimate study of a Filipino of this type reveals the fact he is by no means of a political enthusiast. He understands that to subject himself to the constant grit and grind in the fields with a view to increasing his production, is just as important if not more patriotic, than crossing eight thousand miles of rolling sea to campaign for immediate independence. The approximate land area of the Phil ippines in hectares is 29,629,000, 41.3 per cent of which is adapted to agricultural industries. Up to December 31, 1924, only 3.712,712 hectares were under cultivation, leaving approximately 11,102,088 hectares uncultivated, of the explored regions. It has been too often said that the Filipinos have progressed remarkably during more than twenty-five years of America’s tutel age. This may be true in speaking of little trifles, but perhaps not of the real progress which they should make, if progress is at all desired. There is so much work left undone. The painful truth points us to a great percentage of Filipinos receiving no appreciable degree of improvement in the pursuit of their own happiness. Here the hypothesis of American altruism is badly in need of positive proof. We cannot underrate nor overestimate the unhappy tribulations suffered by the uncultured Philippine farmers. Seeing them toiling in the vast valleys, unaided and neg lected, is equivalent to listening co a vig orous protest against the vicious intoler ance of their unscrupulous brethren—men who, like the Dead Sea, absorb everything and give nothing in the form of commen surate returns to the man behind the plow. Hence the need of a good Samaritan or a Simon to share with them the burden of their cross. Barefooted, the Filipino farmer plods beIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OE COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL hind his primitive plow and his diminutive carabao day by day, exposed to the scorch ing heat of the tropical sun and the beat ing of the rain, while his brothers pass by him in comfortable limousines. A strange contrast, indeed, is before us. One is a producer of wealth, the other is a devourer of the same. Whatever may be the farm er’s need to increase his produce,—which is possible only by the use of new methods and modern implements,—cannot be realized be cause of the indifference and lack of in terest of those from whom he has the right to expect assistance. Yet these are the very men whom he provides with daily bread, by the sweat of his own brow. It is very natural, therefore, that he should shift his attention from his very kith and kin, to those from foreign lands who prove to be his disinterested and unselfish friends —the Americans. In answer to his crying needs, a few kindly souls rushed to the rescue and tried to replace his age-old plow with modern agricultural machinery; and educated him in the importance and advantage of cultivation—not mere plowing. But unhappily, just as their efforts began to be rewarded with successful results, the personal inter est of these very men also began to wane, and their enthusiasm dampened in a mo ment’s notice. This is perhaps due to the fact that the same men have been lured by other attractions in the commercial fields where more money could be amassed with less effort exerted. And just as the Fili pino began to realize the advantages of using such agricultural machinery as trac tors, threshers, disc or steel-tooth harrows and other farm implements of general use, his American friends left him abruptly to his own primitive ways of farming. When the tractors were introduced in the vast fields of sugar and other plantations, generally the result was a decided success. In places where agricultural machinery was available, the farmer could raise at least two crops of rice or corn in one season. This machinery led to the use of economical motor fuel in the Philippines. Quoting from the testimony of a few planters and hacenderos in Negros and Calamba, we read in part: “The Philippines are burd ened with high prices for gasoline, kero sene and distillate, which rule at about double those quoted in Hawaii. This ac counts. for the very rapid development of alcohol motor fuel manufacture in the Philippines. The island of Negros at the moment has three motor fuel distilleries in operation with a fourth being erected, while Luzon has two such distilleries in operation. The daily production of these plants is rated at ten thousand gallons.” The pro prietors go on to say that the sugar plant ers are satisfied that by limiting themselves to the purchase of certain wellknown and established makes of machines, they can compete with animals in field operations. “We look, therefore, for an increase in the demand for tractors in keeping with the growing demand for motor fuel.” This is the substance of the views of those planters and farmers who feel that it is impossible for the greatly expanded and rapidly grow ing agricultural industry to go back to the carabao. In 1903, of the 2,827,704 hectares, 1,298,845 were under cultivation. These figures were increased during a period of fifteen years,, when agricultural machinery began to invade the Philippine fields. The census of 1918 shows a total of 2,415,778 hectares of land cultivated out of 4,563,723 hectares (that is, under private title), or an increase of from 45.9 per cent of 52.9 per cent in fifteen years. The following table shows how the production of certain staples and crops were increased during the last five years, showing the area cultivated, the quantity and value of crops produced and the average yield per hectare. RICE Area Year Hectares 1920 .................. 1,484,895 1921 .................. 1,673,381 1922 .................. 1,661,430 1923 .................. 1,675,870 1924 .................. 1,737,910 TOBACCO 1920 ................. 101,123 1921 ................. 90,980 1922 ................. 59,870 1923 ................. 64,730 1924 ................. 72,090 Quantity A verage Thousand Kilos Kilos ....1,562,784 ........ ...1,052 .. .... 1,783,577 ........ ...1,066 .. ....1,867,784 ........ ...1,124 .. ....1,882,992 ........ ...1,124 .. ....1,787,540 ........ ...1,029 .. .... 64,894 ........ . . . 642 . . .... 52,799 ........ ... 580 .... 29,927 ........ . . 500 .... 32,806 ........ . . . 507 . .... 43,323 ........ ... 601 .. Centrifugal Sugar Mills and Their Produc tion From 1920-21 to 1924-25 All 34 Mills Metric Tons Daily Capacity in 24 hours.......... 27,845 1920- 21 ............................................. 162,117 1921- 22 .......................................... 229,538 1922- 23 .......................................... 224,3?0 1923- 24 .......................................... 317,492 1924- 25 .......................................... 483,367 The figures for the year 1924-25 are an estimate. The estimated national wealth of the Philippines in 1923 amounts to $2,747,741,000.00 ninety per cent of which is con tributed by the man behind the plow, either directly or indirectly. The above figures show the gradual in crease of production every year of the dif ferent crops in the Philippines in the Fi lipino crude way of producing them. We are left to wonder in the face of these facts how much more would the produc tion be, if the Filipinos could be given the chance of employing and using modern agricultural machinery like the farmers in other civilized countries. Up to the years 1922 and 1923, different dealers in agri cultural machinery seemed to be over en thusiastic. They introduced tractors, for example, of four or five makes. The result was a success as shown by the voluntary testimony of planters, proprietors and farm ers. After a time, however, the enthusiasm seemed to have died out, suddenly, for rea sons known only to the dealers themselves. Testimony from the buyers revealed the fact that the reason for the dampening of enthusiasm on the part of the dealers was not the lack of patronage but rather the lack of interest on the part of the men who handle the sales, to educate the Fili pino in the use of these modern imple ments. The Filipino is willing to learn new ideas and introduce innovations. He is re ceptive of any modern change that may come to him through the help of his Am erican friends. This was clearly shown in political and educational undertakings. But in agricultural changes the problem remains unsolved. In the case of tractors, plantation men express their unmeasured satisfaction in the use of these machines. Having learned how to extract fuel from molasses for the use of tractors, they also realize that they are able to save a great deal in using the newly discovered motor fuel. This is an other reason why they should demand, and they do demand, tractors. While the popu larity of these machines is now limited only to the sugar plantations in the Philippines, no one should lose sight of the fact that vast fields of rice, abaca, corn, maguey, tobacco and other crops are yet untouched by the tractor. This business was at a stand still during the past few years not because the demand was low but because the Filipino farmers were confronted by serious difficulties in the use and operation of machinery. The dealers have left them with their new machValue •$127,427,692.00 78,946,340.00 69,967,540.00 74,737,945.00 86,478,645.00 $ 13,382,973.00 4,388,787.00 3,009,935.00 3,407,400.00 5,752,710.00 ines without the proper instructions to fol low, or the necessary help, such as able mechanics and expert drivers. The result is that in many places the machines stand idle and rusty; and the farmer has had to go back to his age-old native plow and ca rabao. In this way the Filipino farmer, the man behind the plow, is neglected, a custodian of national wealth ignored, whose social position and standard of living con stitute a paramount problem still unsolved to the present day, and whose self-improve ment seems to be only a remote possibility. If it is true that “the sociological value of the business man as an envoy of peace and goodwill has long been recognized, whose good offices have won special recognition in the Philippines,” what shall America do to ameliorate the social and living conditions of the soil tillers, who form a powerful element in the economic stability of these eastern islands? RIU HERMANOS — 151 ESCOLTA Congress Hotel A New Building New Furnishing* New Management Near Bay, Clubs, Stores. Center of Residential District. Running Hot and Cold Water in All Rooms. Excellent Cuisine. Room and board P140.00 a month and up. 551 M. H. del Pilar Tel. 1094 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 38 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 Ynchausti Rope Factory Manufacturers of high grade Manila Ropes Contractors to the U. S. Army and Navy and the Philippine Islands Government (Complete stocks carried by Messrs. Guy T. Slaughter & Co., of 210 Cali fornia Street, San Francisco, Cal.) Prices and Samples Mailed on Request Ynchausti y Cia. 945 M. de la Industria Manila, P. I. STATISTICAL REVIEW 1’ p p p p American British 3,924,324 3,783,*947 5.784.148 4,759,207 7,151,931 Japanese 9,277 10,301 28 676,583 .39.175 97 1.666 92,187 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL anuary, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 39 Commodities Coconut Oil.......................................... Cigars (number) ..............• •............. Embroideries ..................................... Leaf Tobacco ..................................... Maguey ................................................ Copra Meal .......................................... Lumber (cu. meters) ....................... Cordage ................................................. Hats (number) ................................. Knotted Hemp ................................... Cigarettes (number) ........................ Desiccated and shredded coconuts Pearl Buttons (gross) ..................... All other products ............................ Total domestic products ................ U. S. Products .......................... Foreign Products ..................... Grand Total . ....................... Cotton Cloths .... Other Cotton Goods Iron and Steel (ex cept machinery). Wheat Flour......... Crude Oil .............. Coal .......................... Meat Products . . . Rice .......................... Machinery & parts of Dairy Products . . Gasoline ................ Paper goods (ex cept books) ... Illuminating Oil .. Silk Goods ............ Chemicals. drugs, dyes, etc............... Fish and Fish pro ducts ................... Vegetables ............. Tobacco and Manu factures of......... Vegetable fiber goods ................... Electrical Machine ry ....................... Cattle and Carabao Automobile Tires. . Cement ................... Fruits and Nuts. . . Eggs ....................... Books and other printed matter.. Shoes and other footwear ............. Woolen Goods .... Leather Goods .... Breadskiffs (except Wheal flour ... Perfumery & other toilet goods .... Oils not separately listed ................... Explosives .............. Earthen, stone and Chinaware......... Matches.................. Cars and carriages (except autos) . . Paints, pigments, Ooffco ..................... Glass and glassware Automobiles ..... India Rubber goods ................. Spirituous Liquors. Sugar and Molasses Cacao Manufactures tures (oxcept candy) ....... Lubricating Oil . . Hats and Caps . . Wood and Reed manufactures .. Motion Picture Films ................... Auto Accesories .. All others ................. Total ............ PRINCIPAL EXPORTS November, 1025 Quantity 4,547,557 15,140,844 15,690,478 6,678,958 23,879,120 390,642 1,659,685 7,009,551 9,278 377,261 102,932 35,033 4,107,070 1,253,638 73,302 Value P 435,322 7,055,378 6,289,926 1,464,676 1,097,832 1,027,660 150,099 499,940 325,805 228,422 649,457 115,291 8,514 536,672 64,598 468,891 20,839,616 100.0 November, 1924 Quantity Value % 8,107,161 11,886,048 9,202,318 17,299,140 19,038,584 739,307 1.500,168 6,810,204 6,958 384,550 98,065 56,113 7,753,562 795,876 50,823 P 1,670,106 5,587,520 3,270,477 3,592,244 968,424 682,066 347,442 378,619 451,741 244,511 187,053 379,805 182,982 42,675 307,370 39,391 491,506 18,823,932 77,778 36,393 99.4 0.4 0,2 NOTE.—All quantities are in Kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS November, 1925 November, 1924 6.9 5.9 6.9 3.0 2.0 2.4 5.2 2.9 2.9 18,938,103 100.0 351,185 166,339 499,913 343,543 176,877 110,469 158,011 65,330 19,816 ►59,781 130,697 1.9 2.5 2.7 1.7 L.8 ).9 1.0 0.3 1.4 0.6 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.7 2,5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.6 0^5 0.5 0.7 Value____ 2,574,492 1,096,740 ’38,459 363,279 306,774 91,384 6,982 62,466 75,690 69,884 25,799 84,699 1,438,916 Monthly a ver ate for 12 moi. Previous to November, 1925 Quantity Value% 44,587,160 P 12,328,317 8,792.519 13,203,202 20,498,306 1,493,442 1,914,112 4,923,428 11,208 460,813 5,965,671 949.480 66,029 7,591,809 5,795,113 3,242,464 2,823,428 996,384 697,569 560,931 499,523 316,987 365,811 275,322 328,287 149,222 23,486 401,388 53,829 400,514 24,693,147 100.0 Monthly average for 12 mos previous to November, 1925 % CARRYING TRADE IMPORTS Value P 3,434,973 1,187,068 17.2 5-9 Nationality of Vessels 1.1 3.1 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.7 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 O.J 0.4 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.5 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 7.9 310,240 505,507 459,824 320,870 398,293 304,318 306,704 386,094 286,319 94,299 170,898 53,689 171,015 130,764 258,900 150,616 185,743 168,327 142,550 124,517 118,990 63,528 106,79' 73,961 204,943 115,919 152,619 122,478 425,779 91,842 85,007 50,697 81,032 89,888 36,983 94,031 1,631,595 1.5 2.5 2.3 1.6 2.(1 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 8.2 PORT STATISTICS TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FORBIGN COUNTRIES BY PORTS Monthly average for 12 months November. 1925 November, 1924 previous to Nov. 1925. Value%Value%Value% Ports Manila ............. Iloilo ................ Cebu ................... Zamboanga . . . Total .... 12.8 4.9 0.3 67.8 16.1 12.0 3.9 0.2 American British .. Japanese . Dutch ... Philippine Chinese .. Spanish . Norwegian French .. German .. Swedish .. Italian ... Finnish .. Russian .. 472,484 72,344 43.0 P 34.1 5.1 4.9 1.8 0.3 1.0 % 38.9 P 37.0 5.3 47 So 1.4 0.1 By Freight ............ By Mail ................. Total .............. 17,946,426 96.2 17,881,894 97.6 19,429 648 97 1 702,873 3.8 433,804 2.4 571,757 2^9 18,649,299 100.0 18,315,698 100.0 20,001,405 100.0 EXPORTS Monthly average Nationality November, 1925 November, 1924 /OJre1v2iousOnto1, ° _ _______________________________ Nov. 1925. Vessels Value % Value % Value % American .............. British ................... Japanese ................ Dutch ..................... Swedish..................Spanish ................... Norwegian ............. German ................... Philippine ............. Chinese ................... French ................... 816,896 647,855 8,690 48.7 P 9,567,863 27.7 6,342,885 2.9 827.790 1.1 10,934 3.2 3.9 573,066 3.1 567,232 7,780 P10,624,461 8,343,996 2,028,241 0.6 0.8 0.6 2.1 Finnish 92,187 0.4 0.5 0.4 By Freight By Mail .. ............ 19,273,535 92.5 ............ t.566.081 7.5 18,320,176 96.7 617,927 3.3 23,867,824 96.7 825,323 8.3 Total . ............ 20,839,616 100.0 18,938,103 100.0 24,693,147 100.Q “TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES »• Monthly average November, 1925. Countries November, 1924 for 12 months previous to Nov. 1925. Value % Value % Value % P2 6 P29.660.168 8.1 United States .... Ch?na United Kingdom.. Germany ................ Australia ........ Fr. E. Indies .... Netherlands ......... Hongkong .............. D. E. Indies .... Br. E. Indies .... Canada ................... Switzerland ......... Belgium.................. Italy ........................ Japanese-China . . . Siam ....................... Norway ................... Denmark ................. Other Countries . ._ 5.3 3 3 9 0 0 2 1 O 6 0 0 0 0 .1 .3 Total 40 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1926 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Phone 72 363 Raon J. P. Scanlan OFFICE SUPPLIES —ANTIQUE FURNITURE Beds, Dressers, Wardrobes, Tables, Chairs, etc. Philippines Cold Stores Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Re frigerated Produce. STORES AND OFFICES CADLE ECHAGUE, MANILA, P. I. B. A. GREEN REAL ESTATE Improved and Unimproved City, Suburban and Provincial Properties Expert valuation, appraisement and reports on real estate Telephone 507 34 Escolta Cable Artdress: “BAG” Manila Manila Philippine Islands Derham Building Phone 1819 Manila P. O. Box 2103 Morton & Ericksen, Inc. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING MARINE AND CARGO SURVEYORS SWORN MEASURERS Macleod & Company. Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for International Harvester Co. Agricultural Machinery TSUCHIDE GLASS FACTORY Manufacturer-Exporter of Glass Bottles of all kinds. Table Ware, etc. No. 546 Shiginocho, Osaka. Japan Code: Bentley's Phrase Cable Address: FLOURISCO OSAKA Bank Reference; THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, Ltd. CHUA YAP Phone 1891 718 Ave. Rizal ' Manufacturer of PLATE GLASS SHOW CASES VENETIAN MIRRORS SILVERING A BEVELLING S. W. STRAUS & CO. • BONDS for sale by J. A. STIVER P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 653 121 Real. Intramuros, MANILA Forty-four yrarr without a dollar loir to any invertor. U. S. and P. I. INCOME TAX MATTERS correctly handled J. A. STIVER ATTORNEY-AT-LAW CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT 121 Real, Intramuros, Manila P. O. Box 1394 Tel. 653 HANSON & ORTH New York London Manila Davao BUYERS AND EXPORTERS of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Telephone 22418 8 HOUR BATTERY SERVICE Caro Electrical Service Automobile Electrical Work our Specialty'. 110 Padre Faura Phones 65 and 4567 Sanitary - Convenient - Satisfactory! FIVE EUROPEAN BARBERS LA MARINA BARBER SHOP 117 Plaza Goiti Jose Cortina, Prop. I MADRIGAL & CO. 113-121 Muelle de Binondo, Manila COAL CONTRACTORS COCONUT OIL MANUFA0TUBEB8 MILD LOCATED AT CEBU FOR LATEST STYLES IN GENTS' CLOTHING. Mr: Manuel Valentine Formerly Ckief Cutter for P. B. Florence & Co. 16 Years Experience on High Class Garments 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Phone 5390 Manila M. J. B. The Quality Coffee F. E. Zuellig, Inc. Cebo, Manila, Iloilo C ~4 A I. I. • S JARAGK Repairing, Painting, Upholstering, Body Building, Electrical Work, etc. Cars stored at reasonable rates Phone 1912. 548 to 554 San Luis, Ermita. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL OHTA DEVELOPMENT COMPANY Pioneers in the Development of Davao PLANTERS OF HEMP AND COCONUTS IMPORTERS EXPORTERS TRADERS RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL When you Touring Car P1850 Coach . . . . P 2500 00 buy a “Chevrolet” you get a quality car, fully equipped— no extras to buy. The one purchase price gives you a Chevrolet in cluding the following quality features: Touring car . Coach . . . . Sedan . . . . Roadster 1850.00 2500.00 2950.00 1850.00 Coupe .... 2400.00 Superior Sedan 2400.00 1-Ton Utility Truck Chassis 1700.00 F. O. B. Manila 5<> Cash Discount Front bumper Disc steel wheels with de mountable rims Full balloon tires Spare tire with tube Tire Carrier Oil pump and Alemite system Carter carburetor Remy electric 'starter and Remy generator Worm steering gear Selective sliding g e a r transmission—3 speeds forward and 1 reverse These and many other improvements embodied in the New Chevrolets, all contribute to— Quality at Low Cost Call at our show room, or write for complete informa tion regarding Chevrolet cars. Details of the Chev rolet easy payment plan furnished on request. Foot accelerator Spiral cut driving gear Drum type head lamps with dimmers Dash lamp Klaxon electric horn Speedometer Cowl lamps Vacuum fuel tank Double adjustable wind shield DUCO finish Airplane metal, nonrust ing radiator Fisher bodies on closed models Pacific Commercial Company ILOILO MANILA CEBU IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMRER OE COMMERCE JOUR!