The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Media

Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Issue Date: Volume 6 (Issue No.6) June 1926
Year: 1926
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: O'. • (pl i g Smoking Lantakas: Economics of Tangled Problem Impounding Six Billion Gallons of Water for Manila ■ Big Game Hunting in French Indochina How “Bill the Bull” Can Be Helped: Our Cattle Industry The Big Current Tobacco Crop Philippine Comment in the American Press Rubber Under Land Laws as They Are Practical Points in Locust Extermination Editorials ■ ■ Current Business Reviews and Other Articles of Commercial and General Interest: Fully Illustrated SMOKE Sold Everywhere ALLIS-CHALMERS HORIZONTAL BAND MILLS WRITE FOR BULLETIN P. I. AGENTS j EARNSHAWS DOCKS & HONOLULU IRON WORKS AK11 I BOX 282 MANILA j IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL FOR SALE [ Second Hand Machinery One Alternator, 250 KW; 2200 | i volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase, direct con nected to cross compound Hamil ton-Corliss Engine 12-24 x 36; i with generator panel and rheostat. Two 100 KW Alternators; 2200 ; volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase; belted, 18" pulley; direct connected exciters; with generator panels. I Two Venn-Severin Crude Oil Eng ines, 60 HP each One Worthington surface conden ser, 400 IIP. i One Scotch Marine Boiler, 400 HP. 50-100 ko. Ice cans; new. (Knock] cd down) ' 4 Galvanized steel brine tanks, 2500 ko. capacity each; ammonia fittings. i Steam pipe and fittings up to 10”. i Tube bender for sterling boiler 1 tubes. Tube cleaner, Lagonda, water Qs^yen, for 4” tubes; with extra | parts, new. j Steam and Oil separator. I ! Steam Traps. ! ! Marine Engines: i (1 Union, 50 HP., distilate) I j (1 Quayle, 25-35 HP, crude j oil) I Meters, Electric, 100 to 110 volts, 1 5 to 50 amp. I Transformers, 5 to 20 KW, 2200 to i 110, 220 and 440 v. i I For Prices etc. Apply BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu or Iloilo Purest Mineral Water from Deep Hot Springs YOUR CLUB SERVES IT Drink It For Your Health’s Sake “.....and the rains came” fter months of fair ther—the typhoon. weaProbably floods—a deluge. There are a few weeks of grace left to those provident persons who appreciate the necessity of putting roofs in shape nou). Gutters, down-spouts, cornices if you need them let us sup ply them. Sheet metal work of every description is turned out promptly in our well equipped shop. Estimates furnished contractors, builders and pro perty owners. Specifications carefully followed. P.C.C. Sheet Metal Works S. J. RAND, Superintendent Tel. 253 Tel. 253 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTI ON THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 191?' IT IS A CAPITAL T CJonnfi.k Bros. Co. IMPORTERS YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder shown above leads all Yagers in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, seattie, u. s. a. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd., — Manila. WASHINGTON ENGINES BATTERIES ALEMITE Lubricating Systems M & H Piston Rings STAYBESTOS Brake Lining WONDERMIST Polish WILKINSON Axle Shafts DUTCH BRAND Tape, Cement, etc. These are a few of the truly high grade articles which we have for auto mobile owners, and oper ators. A big store in a convenient location makes it a pleasure to buy here. Drive up. Just a minute from Plaza Goiti.’ ACME MOTOR CO., INC. In front of the Quiapo Church Tel. 355 P. O. Box 1853 Manila Ynchausti Rope Factory Manufacturers of high grade Manila Ropes Contractors to the U. S. Army and Navy and the Philippine Islands. Government (Complete stocks carried by Messrs. Guy T. Slaughter & Co., of 210 Cali fornia Street, San Francisco, Cal.) Prices and Samples Mailed on Request Ynchausti y Cia. 945 M. de la Industria ^Manila, P. I. Z.V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL We cAmerican Chamber of Commerce Journal PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (Member, Chamber of Commerce of the United States.) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 25, 1921, AT THE POST OFFICE AT MANILA. P. I. LOCAL SUBSCRIPTION—P4.00 PER YEAR. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION 33.00, U. S. CURRENCY, PER YEAR. SINGLE COPIES—35 CENTAVOS WALTER ROBK, Editor Hits. GEO. L. MAGEE. Advertising. H. L. Heath. President C. M. Cotterman, Vice President J. W. Haussermann, Second Vice (66 Broadway, N. Y.) EXECUTIVE: H. L. Heath, Chairman C. M. Cotterman S. F. Caches RELIEF: W. J. Odom. Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING: John Pickett. Chairman R. A. McGrath Fred A. Leas LEGISLATIVE: C. M. Cotterman, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll BOARD OF DIRECTORS B. A. Green. Treasurer H. M. Cavender I*. A. Meyer E. E. Selph, General Counsel ALTERNATE DIRECTORS: Fred A. Leas John L. Headington W. L. Marshall John T. Pickett John R. Wilson, Secretary COMMITTEES FINANCE AND AUDIT: B. A. Green, Chairman C. M. Cotterman George H. Fairchild FORBIGN TRADE: M. M. Saleeby, Chairman J. T. Heilbronn H. M. Cavender PUBLICATIONS: H. L. Heath, Chairman Walter Robb BANKING AND CURRENCY: Stanley Williams, Chairman H. B. Pond MANILA P. I. CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1926 S. F. Ceches (absent) Robert E. Murphy George H. Fairchild, RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT: Charles N. Edwards. Chairman H. M. Cavender HOUSE: John L. Headington, Chairman Frank Butlor LIBRARY: John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING: H. M. Cavender, Chairman L. L. Spellman CHAMBER INVESTMENTS: C. M. Cotterman, Chairman B. A. Green VOLUME 6 NUMBER 6 Pape Remarks by the Secretary: The Locust Problem .......... 5 How Bill the Bull Can Be Helped (/?»/ President H. L Heath) ....................................................................... 6 After Big Game in the Indochina Wilderness (Ry J. L. Myers) ....................................................................... 7 Philippine Comment in the American Press ................... 9 Cottabato Progressing Fast .............................................. 9 Editorials (By Walter Robb): Qui Non Credit Anathema Est ................................ 10 Proposed New License Taxes .................................. 10 The Kiess Bills ........................................................... 10 An Excellent Proposal ................................................ 10 Data on the Big Tobacco Valley ...................................... 11 The New Ports of Entry: Davao and Legaspi............. 1? Impounding Six Billion Gallons of Water for Manila .. 11 Smoking Lantakas: Economics of Tangled Problem .... 17 New City License Taxes (List) ....................................... 21 Spending P65.000 on Rubber ............................................ 22 Familiar Manila Shrines .................................................. 25 IIow to Know the Tariff ................................................... 25 Page To Grow Rubber Under Land Laws As They Are (By Dr. Jumes IF. Strong)......... ............ 27 Reviews of May Business: Tobacco (By P. A. Meyer) ........................................ 11 Sugar (By George H. Fairchild) ............................. 19 Hemp (By L. L. Spellman) ...................................... 20 Copra (By R. K. Zerchcr) ........................................ 21 Exchange (By Stanley Williams) ........................... 22 Lumber (By Francisco Tamesis) ........................... 22 Shipping (By H. M. Calender) .............................. 24 Rice (By Percy A. Hill) ........................................ 26 Statistical Review of Overseas Commerce: Imports and Exports from and to Atlantic and Pacific Ports by Nationality of Carrying Vessels. 30 Principal Exports ....................................................... 31 Principal Imports ........................................................ 31 Port Statistics ............................................................. 31 Carrying Trade ........................................................... 31 Foreign Trade by Countries ...................................... 31 The American Chamber of Commerce Is ready and Trilling at all times to furnish detailed Information to any American Manufacturer. Importer, Bxporter or other Americans who are Interested in Philippine matters. Address all communications and requests for such information to the Secretary of the Chamber. No. 14 CaUe Pinpin. Manila, P. I. The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines Is a member of the UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, and Is the largest and most adequately financed American Chamber of Commerce outside the continental boundaries of the United States. The organization has Twelve Hundred mem bers. all Americans, scattered over the Philippine Archipelago from Tawi Tawl to the Batanes. The organization of branches in all the American communities Of the Asiatic Coast is being stimulated. The AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS should not be confused with other organizations bearing similar names such as the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, the Philippine Chamber of Commerce, the Philippine-American Chamber of Commerce and the Manila Chamber of Commerce. THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 EXCELENTES ESPECIALES CORONAS de la ALHAMBRA HALF-a-CORONA Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD O. RANET, Agent. Phone 247 368 Gandara (Corner Gandara and Pinpin.) None Genuine Without the Name ALHAMBRA on Rings and Labels I MITA TED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY ROUTE OF THE NEW ORIENTAL LIMITED . FINEST TRAIN IN ALL AMERICA IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL JUNE, 1926 How to Track the Wily Locust to His Lair 3?3?3?3?3?3?3P3?3tr3?3it3?3f 3? 3? & 3P 3? Can’t Be Done in Swivel Chairs With Red Tape From time to time we are regaled with notices in the public press to the effect that the bureau of agriculture or the executive bureau, or both, are going i.o wage a “relentless, unmerciful” exter mination of locusts throughout the is land s. Sometimes they talk about for estalling an infestation after there are dozens of municipalities in many provinces already infested. The present incumbents of the aforemen tioned bureaus are in no way to blame for this opera muffet conduct. They have sim ply inherited the old stereotypes that were prepared by ‘their many predecessors and have now become heirlooms. These stereo types are handed out by some white-eolla’’ clerk to cub reporters, none of whom the first thing about locusts. These notices may be great consolation to the city dweller and .make line reading for the folks at home but to the people most interested they are pure bunk. $ An old saying is, “The only good indian is a dead indian.” This applies with more justification to locusts. Tlie time to kill locusts is before they have reached the fly ing stage and to accomplish this means a centralized supervision having the power and inclination to take drastic action against the municipal officials who allow hoppers to become fliers. It is true that the primary breeding places are located in the grassy hills generally quite a distance from populated districts. The next breeding places are generally very close to ultivated areas. This is due to the fact that the first fliers have descended from their mountain birthplace and sought food in the planted areas or grassy areas in the lower levels. The planters may be fortunate enough to keep the fliers on the move but as a rule they are content to stop work when the fliers are only a comparatively short dis tance from their fields. Here the fliers will deposit their eggs and when these eggs ha\e hatched the real trouble starts. Your office theorist then trots out his heavy artillery and maps out a campaign. He is just sixty deys late. Unfortunately our responsible officials ne ver concern themselves about preventiv* measures. They wait until the locusts are crossing their lawn before they take action. As a instance of the foregoing I would state that several years ago the office of the governor general was notified that unless action was taken immediately there would be an infestation of the provinces surround ing Manila. A few days after this informa tion was given to the governor’s aide, he was asked if the matter had been brought to at tention of the governer general and his reply was that he had not brought the information to the governor general’s attention because the governor was too busy on other matters of more importance. A few weeks later fliers swarmed over Manila. Then what happened? Everyone woke up with a start. Something must be done. Entomologists would brought from the four corners of the globe to discover a parasite. What was done? As soon as there were no more locusts on the city side walks, the whole thing was forgotten. A parasite was discovered and was reported by telegranh to Malacanan. Three weeks later a reply was received asking if the parasite was still in evidence. Weather conIditions had changed and the parasite could not get in its work except when too late. It would seem that there is too much of this business of not bothering the governor general with trivial matters like locusts that annually actually destroy crops worth millions of pesos, to say nothing of the value of the labor expended in fighting them; but a poor lone Moro jura mentudo will have all the military hardware of Ma lacanan rattling for months. The responsibility for locust infestation rests with the officials of each municipality. Hold local officials from the provincial governor down the scale to the teniente del barrio responsibe for locating and report ing locust breeding areas within his juris diction. Let the governor general stop listening to a lot of buck-passing when he calls for explanations as to why the hop pers were allowed to become fliers, and do a little out-of-hand firing, and we would soon see the swarms of fibers decrease. Ask any official why he did not discover the hoppers and he will immediately excuse himself by saying that the locusts came from the adjoining province or munici pality. If provincial and municipal officials once understand that an infestation of locusts in their territory imperils their tenure of office, we shall soon see something real accom plished. Let each municipality maintain patrols to visit the isolated areas where locusts are known to breed. When reports of breeding places are received then forces should be organized to exterminate the hoppers and in this way accomplish something. One hopper killed means the escape from the ravages of tens of thousands of descendents later in the season. Government red tape hampers practical work. The governor general has it in his power to accomplish results if he is willing to take some radical action as he would in other emergencies. Let him act first and explain afterward. —John R. Wilson, Secretary. If you want More Mileage and True Comfort USE U. S. ROYAL CORD BALLOON "The True Lou) Pressure Tire” Manila Trading & Supply Company Main Office—Malecon MANILA ILOILO CEBU BACOLOD LEGASPj IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 How Bill the Bull Can Be Helped ** ** ** ** ** Cattle Standardization Board Proposed Since the day when Homo clubbed the first Bovo to death and called in the tribe to partici pate in a feast of juicy beef, Bill the Bull has been con tributing energy for the human being to consume in his march to the goal of comfort, happiness and good health. No other animal can transform humanly useless vegetation into humanly useful food faster than Bill the Bull, so since the day the human animal tasted the first beef steak, man and Bill have marched side by side, ever climbing toward better things. Bill has been the greatest contributor to the position man occupies in the animal kingdom today. The ergs of human effort Bill has supplied through his calories are uncountable and the ergs of his own labor applied to the soil so that other necessary calories could be obtained by man are also uncountable. So Bill has a place in the life of a people second to no other animal —he is easily first. Here in the Philippines Bill’s capacity to help is but slightly recognized, yet he is the greatest single need in the country; without him as a food supply, without him as a common laborer in the fields, progress, development, civilization in a higher form than is now present in the country is im possible. Bill, and his owners who like him, must be helped. Those interested in his welfare both as a force in the community for good and the profits he will return to the owner, and to the state in general benefits to the entire community, should constitute a group to improve him in form, type and efficiency. Nature you know does not evolve better types of work and beef ani mals. Conditions and requirements of cul tivation and development of lands are entirely artificial, not natural, and to think that primeval Bill can take his place in this artificial situation, without assis tance, is a wrong thought; he cannot, he must be helped to meet the situation. Nature simply provides that the fittest physically to the conditions surrounding the animal shall survive, and here in the Philippines it is a wonder that Bill is still with us at all. Outside the restrictions nature puts on development, government steps in and puts on further restrictions and creates conditions under which nature is assisted in destroying. So if Bill is to be changed in type so that he can better meet the artificial con ditions imposed upon him, and be increased in numbers so that he can take a larger position in the development of this coun try, nature must be controlled in breeding, and government must liberate the business of his growing from the restrictions it imposes. Almost every man of a progressive turn of mind is interested in Bill, and govern ment should give this interest the right of way and allow it to be directly repre sented in the transformation of the useless grass lands of the country into better types of animals so that they can synchronize with the heavier work now needed to de velop the country. If such was done the country would soon start into an era of development not exceeded by any area of land between Cancer and Capricorn. On this page there is the picture of a steer grown in the Philippines, %ths Ongole and %ths native blood. He was four years old when slaughtered, and he produced 247 ‘/a kilos of dressed beef which was sold for 68 centavos per kilo; the hide and other offal bringing in P28 additional, making a total gross receipt for the animal of P19G.30. . It was a crime to slaughter him for beef in Manila, for he had at least five years of useful work in him and then his beef would be worth about what it was when killed. He is a distinct loss to the country, as his five years of work Onqole-nalive Four tjear Old Steer, dressed wlqhl 247} kilos: ilha Onqole-lndian, }lha native would have contributed considerable to the development of the country. He was slaughtered because conditions of trans portation and lack of interest on the part of those who should have bought him for work in the sugar fields of Negros, made it impossible to put him where he should have gone. He was but one of a lot of 21 head shipped to Manila and sold, as he had reached his maturity and it was no longer profitable to waste good grass on him. This steer was raised by the writer on the Masbate ranges and he is the product of an effort to better the type of cattle there. In 1912 I allowed the itch I had to do something for Bill to be represented by the purchase of a lot of Masbate common native cows and several of the best looking native bulls I could find. All other males were castrated and all males trespassing upon the property were castrated also. In five years the herd, although of pure native stock, stood out amongst the other herds on the range as by far the best. At that time the average weight of cattle from Masbate slaughtered in the Manila matadera was 85 kilos dressed. Bear this in mind. At this time I was able to obtain from the government two half-breed Ongole In dian bulls and these were turned into th.* herd. Shortly after this I was able to buy from various sources ten full blooded Ongole bulls. I selected the Ongole be cause of his shorter horns and to me bet ter beef type. I was not able to confine the service of these full blooded bulls to my own herd as my neighbors, while in terested, were not interested enough to buy bulls of their own; for a number of years we have had to go into the business of towing bulls back to the herd from ten, fifteen and twenty miles away, so that the bulls could render the service for which they were bought. At first I got hot in the collar over this sequestering of my property, but gradually I recognized and was satisfied with the fact that the bulls were bettering the general condition and that was my final object anyway. So as young half breed bulls came into being the best of these were turned loose on the range entire and the others castrated. The re sult of this has been that Masbate cattle slaughtered in the matadera at Manila have increased to an average of 112 kilos dressed or an increase of 32", in net beef per animal. This is what is known as the common native stock of the ranges, now. Where the government hampers the in dustry the most, is in its taxation, and in allowing the importation of beef animak from foreign countries which are from time to time badly infected with dead ly cattle diseases, thus keeping infection ever alive in the local herds. If you will as a grower of cattle gather together a lot of the. common native range stock of Masbate, bring it to Manila, slaughter it and sell the dressed beef and the offal for the best price obtainable you will find that 30.29V, of the total expenses June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL of getting the animal here will be govern ment charges in some form or other; you will find that these charges amount to 9.66'/< of the gross receipts for the animal, and in this there is not included two char ges of the merchants tax at 1%7< each, paid by wholesaler and retailer of the beef after the beef has left the hands of the grower. The grower does not pay tho merchants tax on his sales. It is safe to say that on every kilo of Philippine grown fresh beef bought by the consumer he pays not less than 12 centavos per kilo to the government in some form of taxation. This is too much of a charge for government to make, as it is a direct attack upon the energy of the people who need the beef to meet the harder work of today; a direct attack upon the industry which will furnish work animals to increase the wealth of the country. Trespassing in Our Neighbor’s Backyard After Big Game in the Indochina Wilderness The interior country to the north and east of Saigon is sandy and as the rain water rapidly disappears below the surface of the ground cultivation is limited to a few favor ed spots. There is a sparse vegetation of palms and second growth covering most of the area but here and there immense grassy plains interperse. Apparently at some pre historic date the country was favored with a more uniform rainfall and was more thoroughly cultivated. This guess is cor roborated by the extensive Buddhist temple rums completely hidden by jungle and but recently discovered. The country now lies practically uninha bited except by wild game. Great herds of deer, pigs, bison and elephants find food and refuge in the areas too unproductive for humans to occupy, and along with these (Photo bq J. L. mqert. Author) Qood Biq CJam« Counlrq. Indochina: Inael, Camp on River Bank. grass eaters, and feeding upon them, are tigers and leopards. There are in addition many other animals more or less rare, such as goats, bear and rhinoceros, and also a wonderful variety of birds, including pea cocks, pheasants, quails, ducks and pigeons. Strange to say there is one crop that seems to do fairly well in this semiarid region, and that is rubber. We have been led to believe that rubber requires a fairly uniform rainfall but the beautiful and thrifty groves along the railroad north of The industry should be absolutely free, in order to create a greater interest in it and thus a greater production of the neces sary work animals to wrest greater wealth out of the vacant lands now absolutely idle. It is my idea that an Animal Standard ization Board should be provided for by legislation; this board to consist of men actually engaged in the business of grow ing and developing cattle, the Director of Agriculture to be its Chairman. The funds received from the registration and transfer of animals should go to the board as a fund with which to work out through importa tion of high grade sires a type of animal suitable to the climatic conditions govern ing here which will in the end give the quota of animals necessary to perform the work of the country and give the people a plentiful supply of cheap beef. H. L. Heath. Saigon seem to contradict this. The rubber trees so completely shade the ground that little moisture is lost by evaporation, and rubber can be grown where apparently no other crop can. There is tremendous expansion in the in dustry there. New clearings and plantings are seen by the hundreds of square miles. Although personally I am not too optimistic about rubber in the Philippines, still I am sure that it would grow very well and be a wonderful help toward reforesting our co gon hills. Cattle and rice boats running between Manila and Saigon make the trip in five days and charge about sixty pesos passage. This puts a hunt in that country within the means of most any enthusiast who will save his pennies for the purpose. Some provinces require hunting licenses but in only one, Dalat, the mountain summer re sort, is the license expensive. Better hunt ing, I believe, is to be had in many other sections. On March 14 of this year Roy Dixon and I left for Saigon via Hongkong. It was warm and stuffy aboard the President Grant, but it was not like that in Hongkong. I had neglected to provide heavy clothing, and believe that I had the distinction of being the only person in Hongkong that day dressed in white drill. Saigon is always a little warmer than Manila. We expected to join Mr. C. D. Squires in Saigon and hunt with him. We found his brother Roy in the hospital suffering from sun stroke. A mild form of sun stroke seems to be of common occurence there. Roy di rected us to Annum, along the coast, to find “C. D.” and Dr. Meisch, from Fort McKin ley, as they were hunting with a profes sional guide, a Frenchman ly the name of F. J. de Fosse. We were fortunate in meeting a former employe of the customs service who had helped us in Phnom Penh two years before. He put our baggage through and got out our firearms permits for us before offices closed, on the day of our arrival. It is ad visable to take on an assistant for these duties, as a stranger is so badly handicaped in language; although all officials were friendly and helpful. We gave our man ten pesos and a box of Manila cigars. He seem ed pleased. At Gia Huynh, 120 kilometers up the railroad, we found “C. D.” and the doctor. Each had a good bag. The doctor had killed a fine tiger as it w'as stalking a deer, which he himself was stalking. He also had several fine specimens of bison, water buf falo and an elephant. “C. D.” had a very fine large tiger and several water buffaloes. Many of you who read this have had the pleasure of seeing his trophies in SquiresBingham Company’s windows recently. It now developed that both Squires bro thers and Dixon preferred to move on to Cambodia, where we had hunted two years ago. It seemed to me that a fourth member would make the party too large, so I em ployed de Fosse for a hunt in his territory. 1 did not regret my decision, as de Fosse knows his stuff and is a capital hunting companion. One immediately forgets the relation of employer and employe and is only conscious of a new friend. He has guid ed and hunted for market in that locality for many years, and he is undoubtedly an authority on the habits and haunts of na tive game. March 20, the day of our arrival at de Fosse’s house, he and I walked out a short distance from the house to see what we could see. To the left of the trail I saw through the bush what looked like one of the old cast-iron lions that were in vogue years ago as lawn ornaments. As I stopped to look closer it dropped its head to the ground, which relieved me of the doubt as to whether or not it was something to shoot. After the shot it rolled off the ant hill where it had been crouching, and with a deep growl made for the grass. Now even a house cat is no slouch ir. a hand to hand encounter, and as this was no house cat I was perfectly willing to accept de Fosse’s suggestion that we come back after it next morning. With a double-barrel shotgun and two trackers I went out next morning, and found the leopard dead. I was well pleased with the first day’s hunt. The next few days we hunted without success for a bison cow, for tiger bait. A cow was needed, as a bull would be too heavy to haul on a cart. The system used in getting a tiger is to select a place where tigers frequently pass, build a blind of grass and leaves and bring a dead animal as bait to the blind. A certain ripeness must be attained before the tiger can locate the bait; his sense of smell is not more keen than a man’s. The bait is inspected twice daily. When it is found to have been partially eaten, the hunter crawls into the blind to await the tiger’s return for a se cond helping. A screen is also built, and a trail cleaned to the rear, to enable the hunter to approach the bait silently, in THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 order to surprise the tiger if he is caught in the act. C. D. Squires got his tiger from the screen. April 1 we moved to the Lagna river, twenty-five kilometers north of the railroad. This river is a fine swift stream which flows through immense plains. Innumerable deer and buffalo graze on these plains, and here, in the edge of the forest, is where we planned to build blinds for tigers. Fortune favored me during the next few days; I got a young bison, a young buffalo and a large deer that served for baits for two blinds. One of the baits was eaten in such a man ner that it indicated the work of a young tiger. I sat in the blind, or bantu, as they call it in Africa, several times, as the tiger (Photo bi] J. L mi]ere, Author) Ineel: Tiger Killed as Text Describee: Right, Boma from Which Author Fired: Left Below Insol: Tail Used to Attract Tiger. came every night, and on the morning of April 7, as I was sitting in my boma twid dling my thumbs, stripes appeared unan nounced in front of the peep hole. There was no wind, almost perfect silence in the forest, but Stripes had come to the bait ever dry leaves to within twelve yards of me and I had heard no sound. My respect for Stripes grows. I moved a half dry leaf covering part of the peep hole and at the slight sound Stripes looked up so quickly that I caught my breath. I dared not move until Stripes started to eat, and I could tell immediately that this was not the small tiger I had expected. I feared she would break the bait loose and wasted no time in putting a bullet through her head. This was a tigress, weight 239 pounds, height at shoulder two feet eight inches, and eight feet two inches tip to tip. The beauti ful soft skin and graceful form made me almost regret the kill but the look in the eyes as I moved that leaf makes me think 1 have saved the lives of many deer and pos sibly some men. April 9 we discovered a herd of buffaloes (our Philippine carabao) and took an im mense bull and two largo cows. These are much larger animals than our local domestic carabaos, and are never domesticated. I believe the big bull would weigh 2500 pounds. These animals are very hard to kill and de Fosse and I both fired until all wounded animals were down. We found his full metal patched eight milimeter Label ammunition far the best for the big stuff. All my American bullets broke up too soon to give reliable penetration. Almost every night at the river camp we were disturbed by elephants squealing and trumpeting along the river, but tracks show ed only cows and calves, so we did not molest them. I believe the ivory hunters work on the males until they are rare. Deer, pigs, peacocks and crocodiles were seen daily; we kept our table supplied easily. April 11 we moved back to the house and found plentiful signs of bison. These are the very largest species of cattle and are supposed most nearly to represent the ori ginal breed from which our present cattle are descended. The National Geographic Magazine for December, 1925, has some ex eelent illustrations of them. The Seladang is the largest and is dark brown in color with shaggy gray forehead and white stock ings. The Banting is smaller, reddish brown to yellow in color, also with white stockings. The Banting is smaller, reddish brown to yellow in color also with white stockings. These wild cattle have been considered by sportsmen as the finest trophies to be had in Asia, surpassing in courage and fighting instinct even the tiger and elephant. It was in hunting the Seladang that de Fosse’s remarkable ability to track animals was demonstrated. We would leave camp at daylight and ap parently, to me, wander aimlessly through the woods and clearings. Occasionally tracks needed close examination to determine whe (Photo bi] J. L. mqori. Author) Topical Jungle, Indochina: Tiger Trap (Ineel) ther they were yesterday’s or today’s. All were indistinct, as the ground was hard and dry. Finally de Fosse would pause, lean on his gun, call for his canteen and remark, “Weil, they are in that patch of brush, lc is too dry and noisy in there to get up to them. We will come back here tonight and wait tor them to come out.” And 1 would realize that we had circled the patch of brush where he had said the herd was. (Photo bl] J. L. mqeri, Author) Indochina Wild Cattle-a Seladanq. April 16 de Fosse was away, so his boy, Cheong, was with me. We heard a big bunch of Seladang in the brush, and Cheong led me to where they passed, but I could not see them to shoot. I already had two cows and wanted nothing but a big bull. Cheong was impatient, but we went back to camp and in the evening returned to that vicinity. Cheong’s sharp eyes discovered a suspicious brown spot in the edge of the brush and soon a switch of the tail confirmed his hiss of Seladang! The big bull moved around from behind a palm and looked squarely at us. Steadying myself on one knee, as the distance was 137 paces, I added the trophy most prized of all to my collection. This bull measured 72 inches at the shoulders, the hump at the middle of the back being six inches higher; girth 98 inches and neck in front of shoul der 82 inches; nose to root of tail, 105 in ches. Not a large bull at that. Although taller than the buffalo, they are not so thick through the shoulders. This was the last of the trophies taken but I had one more piece of good luck await ing me. On my return to Saigon I found C. D. Squires with arrangements made to board the good ship Helen C. at Phnom Penh, loaded with cattle direct for Manila. J. L. Myers June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Philippine Comment in American Press A*A*A*A*A*A*A*A*A*A* Persistent News That Wood Will Retire Denied Comment on Phil ippine affairs in clippings from the American press most recently received in Manila centers quite naturally around the appointment of Carm i A 1 d e r m a n Thompson of Ohio by President Coolid ge to survey and report upon the siQanerai u?ood tuation not only in the Philippines but in Guam and Honolulu too, and have the report ready for the opening of Congress in December. President Coolidge seems definitely inclined to for mulate a policy of his own toward the Philippines. Congress, however has no at titude other than that of drifting with the tide. The bill to increase the pay and power of the auditor fluttered with faint life in committee for a time, then gave up the ghost; and now it has been resuscitated by favorable committee report. Both Thompson and General Wood scout the conjecture that the former is to succeed the latter. Wood doesn’t plan a trip home until 1928; Thompson says he wasn’t offer ed the post and wouldn’t have accepted the offer if made. Correspondents in Washington of metro politan newspapers predict that Thompson is being groomed for the governor general’s post at Manila and that General Wood will 1 etire. On the other hand, General Wood has stated he has no intention of going home soon; he is not thinking of resigning. He has been governor general since October 16, 1921, nearly five years. Only Harrison held the of lice longer, and General Wood has had no vacation and is GG years old. These are some of the things the Wash ington wiseacres cite. They are the ke enest news men as a group in the United States. For example, the Philadelphia Ledger and New York Post man is the author of “Mirrors of Washington,” Clin ton W. Gilbert. When he prowls through the departments on a sleuthing trip he finds out things. He went prowling around on the Thompson story, and then said: “The prediction is made that Mr. Thomp son will be the next governor general of the Philippines. This guess work is based on certain known facts with regard to Gen eral Wood. The Philippine governor is 65 and his health is not good. The climate at Manila is trying. General Wood has had a great many personal worries since going to his post* in the islands. And the situa tion in the Philippines is disheartening. No cne here criticises General Wood and there is no doubt that he can stay at Manila as long as he likes, but it is not believed he will care to stay there many months longer.” This is probably the most accurate in formation available. Thompson may be the prospective governor general, but Wood’s further tenure of the office depends upon himself. Thompson has had a political and busi ness career in Ohio. He was once secretary to Taft, who is believed to have recom mended his appointment. From the iron and steel business he has accumulated a private fortune; in this respect he is a man like Forbes. He has been interested in educational problems and is a close personal friend of President Thompson of the Uni versity of Ohio, though no relation. Richard V. Oulahan is in charge of the Washington bureau of the New York Times, which sends the paper this comment in its dispatch on the Thompson interview with Coolidge: “The report of Colonel Thompson is ex pected to give the President material on which to base consideration of a plan to consolidate control of all the insular pos sessions under one head. Their adminis tration is now divided among several gov ernment departments. The Philippines and the Canal Zone are under the war depart ment, Guam and. Samoa under the navy department, Hawaii under the interior department and Porto Rico under the state department. The political and industrial situation in the Philippines are closely in terwoven. This is well understood by the Coolidge administration. A set policy of the politico element is to prevent American capital from being utilized in the economic development of the islands. “Every effort cf the politicos to force General Wood out of office has been re sisted by President Coolidge, who has given the General his confidence and support, but tbe President’s course has not helped along tie desire of the administration to develop the great natural resources of that vas^ territory. The development of rubber grow ing in the southern Philippines is desired by the government, but the attitude of the native controlling politico element offers no opportunity for employment of large Am erican capital in that direction.... The President has set his face against the Fi lipino demand for complete independence, qualified by a willingness to change that position whenever there is evidence that the native population is competent to exercise self-government. There appears to be lit tle prospect that any move in the direction of independence will result from Colonel Thompson’s visit, although what he said at the Whitehcuse today indicates that he will devote part of his report to that question.” Oulahan is no less a figure in the news paper world than Gilbert is. He was out to Manila two years ago, to break the story of Osborne Wood’s wall street operations, and at that time wrote a series of articles on the Philippines in general for the Times. COTTABATO PROGRESSING FAST Everyone returning to Manila from Cottabato reports rapid development of agricul ture in that province, particularly in the Sarangani bay district. Five years ago there were no rice mills, now there are twelve or more. During the first five months of this year some 60,000 cavans of corn were exported to provincial points; and this would have been more if adequate transportation had been available. The cattle industry prospers, and breeders are developing good grade Indian stock little susceptible to disease. Another cross is In dian and Hereford bloods, which is said to be the best both for work animals and beef. Broken steers sell into the Negros sugar fields at good round prices; even at Cottabato an animal brings P150 or more. The several American plantations are in pro ductive condition and Christian immigra tion is considerable. Peace prevails. The Philippine Packers’ Association has begun activities in an experimental way that may lead to an important pineapple canning in dustry. The conviction that an undeveloped Phil ippines is 'unsatis factory from every viewpoint and un profitable to the na tion is taking hoid widely in America, to judge from com ment not alone in the press of the big cities, where the in dustrial point of view is natural and the importance of overseas trade evident, but in the rural press too. To illustrate, take the following from the Hill City Republican, a Kansas town: “There lias been coming to this office a scries of publications relating to the pro gress cf the Philippine Islands and we have taken considerable interest in the in formation given out. The articles do not deal so much with the problem of govern ment as they do with the natural resources and business progress. It is pointed out that the islands can be made to supply many of the tropical products used in this country that are now being cornered by huge syndicates. For instance, both coffee and rubber have taken untold millipns from this country in the way of extortionate prices. Both of these products can be grown in the Philippines and a fair trade exchange cf prices can l.e arranged. These are only two of the thousands of tropical products that can be produced in the is lands that will find a ready market in this country and which must be had from some source. From a business standpoint these islands are essential to our prosper ity and we are necessary to the Philippines whether the natives realize it yet or not. If the Philippine people do not realize tha great advantage that would come to them by remaining under the American flag and to be satisfied with the political op portunities for self determination as sub jects to our sovereignty then they are not yet capable of independence. The advan tages of remaining a part of the United States are mutual. If there is any doubt about it we are inclined to think it is ours, and it is becoming a pretty well settled fact that the islands can get their inde pendence only by an action of the people of this country. Congress does not have the power to alienate any part of our sovereign territory. The Philippines were purchased and added to our country’s do main and it is a notorious fact in history that since the inception of our government there has never been one inch of soil dis posed of, we have repeatedly added to our territory. By remaining under our flag the Philippine Islands would have just as much independence and political freedom as Kansas and the maudlin talk about giving them their freedom is political bunk.” The Hill City Republican is Republican in politics. It no doubt is partisan toward the Coolidge administration. But the New York Times is Independent-Democrat, and quite independently of their home political leanings the editors are forming personal opinions on the Philippines—which they express with vigor. A groundswell is rol ling up, out in the rural congressional dis tricts. Rubber has a great deal to do with, it, of course, but not all; and the informa tion about other resources than rubber lands, the basis of which are the many articles which have appeared in this Jour nal, is convincing the country that the Philippines are potentially a land of op portunity and that potentialities should be converted into realities. 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 EDITORIAL OFFICES American Chamber of Commerce 14 CALLE PINPIN P. O. Box 1638 Telephone 1156 QUI NON CREDIT ANATHEMA EST On May 20 the governor general telegraphed a resume of his annual report for 1925 to the war department with the. request that the telegram be released to the press to correct misleadingpropaganda. The telegram stated that in 1925 Report Itself there was an increase of P45,000,000 in the value Misleading? of the six principal crops of the Philippines, which might well lead to the inference that there was a substantial increase in the volume of these crops, and hence would be misleading; for in general there was a decrease in pro duction. The decrease in coconut oil was 5,000 tons, in copra 12,000 tons, in Manila hemp 232,447 tons, in rice (as Percy A Hill reported) about 30 per cent from 1924-25. This covers three of the principal crops. Corn, supposed the sixth, need not be con sidered. The increase yield of sugar in 1924-25 was because of the prolonged growing season and not because of increased yield per hectare per month; and it was offset by the decreased yield in 1925-26. There1 was an increase in the production of tobacco, due too to unusually favorable weather. When one looks about for institutions established to aid agri culture by applied science, he finds they don’t exist, and that the good crops and consequent good business were providential. Another point in the report was that the cash surplus at the end cf the year was P23,000,000, with supplies on hand, cash with disbursing officers, etc. making P-10,000,000 altogether. Business foresaw and predicted something of this. The government, even lute in 1925, seemed however to fear a deficit and accordingly made the merchants’ sales tax permanent at 1-1/2 per cent, cumulative, so that it averages perhaps 4-1/2 per cent upon goods that don’t < scape it, when in fact it seems not to have been needed at all. A great surplus in the treasury accumulated from an exorbitant sales tax might well be stated as such, together with the fact that the united chambers of commerce of the islands strongly protested against the levy and assured the government of what has come to pass, that the levy was superfluous. Cordial cooperation is spoken of in the report. This did not lead however to any fundamental change of policy; it brought no new money into •the islands nor new acres into cultivation. But the term “insular, provincial and municipal Report Sound officials” in the report perhaps was not meant On One Point to include the legislature, and the others are amenable to executive discipline and toeing the mark for that reason- Besides, they may wish to bring progress about, and share the general prosperity, peace and order the gov ernor general observed in all parts of the islands last year. We rather believe they do, ar.d in so far as the report leaves the impression that adequate Federal authority would be appreciated in the Philippines, it is certainly sound; for this is true. To sum up. fortunately 1925 was a good year, but little occur red in the government to make it so or to duplicate this good for tune in subsequent years. The United States, our principal cus tomer, paid more for our products than she need have paid had any means been found to put more of our farm lands under the plow. With less to sell, we got mofe for it. But is this the logic of government that will bind us to America? The thorough going optimism of an official report cn the present situation is disconcerting, rather dumfounding. PROPOSED NEW LICENSE TAXES The municipal beard has approved a schedule of license taxes upon factories and shops in Manila in order to provide more re venue for schools. Many items in the schedule seem ridiculous. For instance, blacksmith shops are to pay from Don’t Be A ?25 to P500 a year, watchmakers 1*100 a year, lumBlacksmith her yards from P200 to P600 a year, garages with more than fifty cars P720, but with only fifty cars only P360 a year. Junkshops will pay P75, repair factories from P100 to P400 depending upon the machinery used—the better equipped the higher the Hcense. Nothing could be better than this schedule to prevent young Filipinos from getting into business for themselves. The veto power of the mayor never had a greater opportunity laid before it. The complete list is published else where in this issue of the Journal. THE KIESS BILLS Two bills relative to the Philippines are under consideration in Congress with the backing of the Whitehouse and with some prospect therefore of becoming law. One would allocate as a discretionary fund for the governor general, What Might Be the nij]iion pCSoS annually collected as FedeDone With t"e • rail excise taxes on Philippine cigars sold in Cigar Revenue the United States, which now reverts to the insular treasury and is appropriated by the legislature. The other would define the powers of the insular auditor. The Whitehouse says if the first is approved, men from civil life may be appointed to the staff of the governor general and the semblance of a mil itary regime avoided. Yes, and other things too may be done: the public domain might be surveyed and its boundaries determin ed. Might there not even be a sacrifice of staff assistance in order to do things of this sort? At any rate, there are numerous Federal affairs here that this money could be devoted to, all to the public advantage. As to the powers cf the auditor, they should now le fixed by congressional legislation; they have been challenged and are con stantly disputed, so it will be best all round to know just what the auditor may and may not legally do. AN EXCELLENT PROPOSAL Director Reyes of the Bureau of commerce and industry wants the products of Spain vigorously and relentlessly advertised in the Philippines. The Tribune in its issue of May 6 endorses the idea and would extend it to other countries’ products The Field because “it is decidedly better to be a link in the Is Open chain of World business than to play second fiddle to the economic interests of one country.” The Tribune thinks this a brilliant idea. If it isn’t to be executed with gov ernment funds, we do too. Spain has many products well worth advertising in any market. If there is a law against doing so here, we advocate its immediate repeal. If there is none, we proffer our rate card. But buying from various countries will not make the Philippines a commercial virtuoso. It is /telling a lot—a lot more than they do now, and a lot more than they buy —that will win them promotion from the rank of second-fiddle player. Toward this goal their steps are feeble. Even the ten dency of education demonstrates that they create consumers who love the wines of Spain, the silks of Patterson, Kobe and Nia gara, with far mere ease and gusto than they create producers who thrill at the song of the bird at dawn, as they wend their way to the fields, and return at sundown chanting pastorals. It is the country where a contented peasantry thrives that is worth advertising goods in; the princes and lords that a country of different stripe can afford are few in number and shamefully low in pocket. June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 P 7,000,000 Excise Taxes from Tobacco Yearly Data on Cagayan Valley- Opened by New Road TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. Meyer Alhambra Cipar and Ciparctte Mann factoring Co. R .1 W LEAF-. Trading in grades for local consump tion during May has been very weak and was mostly limited to Pangasinan leaf as used by the smal ler cigarette facto ries. The demand from abroad, outside of Spain, has been very small and con signments made to the United States and Belgium consisted exclusively of scrap tobacco. Of the 1925 crop of Ysabela and Cagayan there still remain big quantities in the hands of local dealers with no inquiries. Shipments to foreign countries during May were as follows: Leaf Tobacco and Scraps Kilos Australia ......................... 288 Belgium and Holland.... 15,026 China ............................... 9,157 Hongkong......................... 10,227 Japan . .•........................... 41,504 Java 1................................... 8,574 Spain................................. 528,264 Straits Settlements.......... 4,353 Uruguay ..........:............. 4,691 United States .................. 10,735 632,819 CIGARS: Comparative figures for the trade with the United (States are as follows: May 1926 .... 17,584,906 April 1926 .... 17,154,776 May 1925.............. 19,041,369 Valley Merits Some Atten tion from The Govern ment Last year the pro ducers of tobacco in Cagayan and Isabe la, the region where leaf for cigars for the American mar ket is grown, receiv ed more than P5,000,000 for their crop. This does not include expense of transportation, clas sification and re baling, etc., which added a considerable sum to the money the valley derived from its tobacco. However, until very recently this rich valley which . has always given the government a goodly share of its total revenues, has been woe fully neglected; so that despite the con siderable Caucasian element in its popula tion, its development has been retarded. Aparri, capital of Cagayan and the port for the valley, is now within 30 hours of Manila by automobile. The Wood adminis tration has opened the road into the valley. All sections are not completed, and there is one gap that it is best to bridge by way of the river, but the work continues. On the San Jose and Santa Fe section Pl,132,000 has been spent; on the Santa Fe and Bayambang section, POO,200; on the Bajabag and San Luis section, P232,000; on the Cauayan and Hagan section in Isabela, P228,000; on the Hagan and Cabagan sec tion in Isabela, P42,000; on the Alacala and Aparri section in Cagayan, P504.000. The total recent expenditures therefore on various sections of the road from Manila to Aparri have been P2,204,200. This is on sections the combined length ef which is 270.5 kilometers. Work on the Ilagan-Cabajan section is not much more than well begun. Trips into the valley are interesting and instructive. This year’s tobacco crop is big (Du. of Jtqricullure Plate) making "manoa" of Tobacco. Caqaqan Vallcq. and promises to be of good quality. Corn and rice are also grown, as well as sugar cane, but tobacco is the principal crop; so that the opening of the valley and the good season it has enjoyed are a factor in the year’s business of the islands. Improvement of the port of Aparri is planned. Owing to the heavy river current and the topography of the coast, during the northeast monsoon bars from at the mouth of the river, making navigation dan gerous and difficult. It is proposed to build jetties to prevent precipitation of the silt carried by the river until it is well out to sea. This will cost several hundred thousand pesos. It is insulai- money, but only a fraction cf the tobacco revenue. The internal revenue reports show that during the five years from 1920 to 1924 the government collected in excise taxes on cigars Pl,402,005 and P28,528,884 on cigaret tes, and Pl,727,758 on other tobacco manu factures. It got beside about Pl,000,000 a year in Federal excise taxes collected on Philippine cigars sold in the United States, which taxes are remitted to the insular treasury; but it is now proposed, in the Kiess bill, to allot these taxes to the office of the gorvernor general.) In 1924 local insular revenue from the tobacco industry was P6,167,652; in 1923 it was P6,341,971; in 1922 it was P5,982,091; in 1921 it was P6,538,483 and in 1920 it was P6,628,448. Collections were perhaps higher last year than in 1924, the last year for which the reports are availa ble. The revenue from cigarettes alone is more than P5,000,000 a year. Although tobacco from the Cagayan valley is rated high among the tobaccos of the world, not all of it, by any means, is used by the factories in Manila for manu facture into cigars for the overseas mar kets, particularly the United States. Such tobacco is in fact a smali percentage of the whole, and is carefully selected and stored for the purpose intended. There are even factories using nothing but valley tobacco even for cigarettes for the domestic trade. The internal revenue law went into effect, in 1904; it has therefore been in effect 23 years. The collections on tobacco from August 1, 1901, to June 30, 1905, were P2,042,576, but perhaps an average of four million pesos may be taken for the period, as the collections mounted rapidly; and to total this sum would indicate the justifica tion for the liberal, though tardy, expen ditures on public works in the valley. Spain’s revenue from tobacco under the monopoly, 1781 to 1882, ran in the later years above $5,000,000 Mcx., and was the principal source of public funds. An annual tribute of 90,000 quintals also went to Spain from Manila. A private corporation once offered to guarantee the insular budget, then about $15,000,000 Mex., in exchange for the mono poly, which applied only in Luzon and only to Cagayan, Isabela, Union, Abra, Ilccos Sur and Ilocos Norte. The population in those provinces in 1882 was 785,000. Then as now it was the Ilocano immigrant who tilled most successfully in the Cagayan valley. The new road will encourage im migration of these thrifty hard-working farmers. COMES TO COMMERCE OFFICE W. K. Hoyt will arrive in Manila in July, to be in the office of the bureau of 'foreign and domestic commerce, an assistant to the trade commissioner, O. M. Butler. This news is received from an old friend of the Journal, Evett D. Hester, former registrar cf the college of agriculture. University of the Philippines. Hester is now in the de partment of commerce, an assistant trade commissioner; and he has gone to Madrid for duty in the office of the commercial attache, Charles Cunningham. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL .June, 1926 The New Ports of Entry: Davao and Legaspi * * n * « * * Mindanao Port Surpasses Her Bicol Sister Now that the new ports of entry have been in operation for a third of a year, or from January 1 to April 30, the period for which the records are completed, it is possible to review their business and com pare them one with the other. First of all, their imports have not been at all iinpor— tant: in February gasoline to the value of 1’105,711 was imported into Legaspi, and in March a shipment of goods from .Japan va lued at 1’11,197 was imported into Davao. yTheir growth as importing centers will follow their growth as exporting centers— and perhaps always much behind. How ever, ibis may not be true of Davao. In the town and province of Davao is domiciled, engaged in business, farming and trade, the largest .Japanese community in the Philip pines; and it “may he that to supply this community and its patrons, an increasing quantity of goods will be imported directly into Davao. Concrete piles are being made for the new pier at Davao. There is even a small road allotment, 1’25,000; and some work will be undertaken this year. In the matter of roads, Legaspi will fare better than Da vao. The big fund will be the gasoline tax. about 1’2,500,000 this year; but the depart ment of commerce and communications has only a fourth of this to allot at its discre tion; the other three fourths are specifically allotted in the law, with population a factor and area not a factor; so that the large sparsely settled .provinces where roads are needed most, to induce settlement and de velopment, get the least, having neither po pulation nor completed roads to base claims upon. It may be assumed, however, that these prvinces will be favored somewhat by the department of commerce and communi cations; they will get a considerable portion of the 1*800,000 the department may allot at its discretion. Albay, of course, has large population and many completed roads. As a matter of fact, in the 1926 appro priations neither port, Legaspi or Davao, has any money whatever for piers or port improvements; what is being used at Davao is the P100,000 over from the 1925 appro priations, and at least 1’150,000 more is needed to complete the concrete work alone. It is planned in the bureau of public works to recommend such an appropriation, and, now that the work is well begun, to finish it as soon as possible. Investigations are underway at Legaspi. The site recommend ed by the railway is dangerously exposed to the sea: the only possible construction is a marginal wharf, and a site is being sought that is more protected from the s<>a and that may be accessible bv rail as well. The report is not yet submitted. The primary advantage of the ports is to the exportation of raw products of the islands. This is very materially the case in Davao. Various ports of the Philippines exported Manila hemp during the first four months of this year as follows, in kilo grams : Manila ............................... Cebu .................................. Zamboanga....................... Davao ........... ■................... Total .................................. 22,116.298 10,960,681 322,832 6,801,186 ■10,201,000 Hilton Carson Furniture Moved Contract Hauling Baggage Transferred Dump Trucks for Hire AUTO TRUCKING 1955 Azcatraga CO. Phone 22345 When There’s a GayWhter Heater Ln Your Home Manila handled, then, about 55 per cent of the hemp exported from the islands dur ing the period; Cebu 27 per cent, Davao 17 (). V. Il corf, JI'Aohi ./, /•’. Marias Declares JT«.s the Prime Mover in the Port Project for Davao. H’oofZ was born in Kings County, Mo., September 1, 1877, and died December 19, 1922, while on his wan to the United States from his planta tion at Malita, Davao. He suffered from pernicious anemia. His parents removed to California from Missouri when he was a small boy. He was educated at San Diego Normal School and came to the Phil ippines in 1901 (with the first A nt - erican teachers on the army trans port Thomas), to organize sloyd work in the Moro schools. Until 1906 he remained with the government in Davao; he was schools superinten dent, secretary of the Davao district, deputy governor and acting governor. In 1906 he left the service and. gave aU his time to his plantation at Malita. In 1918 he went to Cali fornia and married. His widow, Mr.-.. Dora A. JJ’ood, and daughter four years old, Dora Klien Il'ood, make their home in Pasadena when they are not at Malita. “H’c have at least 200 bushels of roses, of more than a dozen varieties, at, Manila,” Mrs. H’ood writes. "O.:r electric light and ice plant are run ly water power; also the copra cut ter. corn mill, rice mill and com shclle-r." She describes the garden, the plantation house, the genera! store and warehouses, and the wharf where cargoes are loaded on ocean steamers or for Davao. Malita has 110 hectares of Manila hemp, Kit) hectares of coconuts and 6,000 Castilloa rubber trees, all producing. CALL WRITE TELEPHONE MANILA GAS CORPORATION No. 5, Calle David Calle Otis, Paco Phone 443 Phone 289 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 per cent and Zamboanga less than one per cent. Baling stations and branch offices of export houses are busy at Davao. The progress of this port is of interest outside the Philippines. “1 assume,” writes Shelby Wiggins, manager of the foreign trade de partment of the Portland chamber of commeice, ‘you are familial- with the efforts which the Portland Chamber of Commerce has exerted through the Oregon delegation and our personal representative in Wash ington in the matter of having Davao made a port of entry and assisting that city in other ways. In view of the substantial volume of cargo which comes to this port from Davao, you can readily appreciate our sincere interest in its progress.” Is not this a cogent comment on the whole Philippine problem? Where they realize their interests are affected, Ameri cans at home bestir themselves. Mr. Wig gins was acknowledging receipt of the January number of the Journal, the special issue on Davao. “If we can be of service to your esteemed body I trust you will make your wants known,” he says. Legaspi exported no hemp during the first four months of the year. She did export copra. The copra exports to the United States from the various ports were as follows, in kilograms: Manila . ......................... Iloilo ................................... Cebu.................................... Zamboanga ....................... Davao .......................■. .. . Legaspi ............................. 1,212,595 2,582,987 15,887,868 •1,301,719 960,852 761,832 Total ................. •............... 25,707,853 In this trade Manila's share was approxi mately 1.7 per cent, Iloilo’s ten per cent, Cebu’s 61.75 per cent, Zamboanga’s 16.7 per cent, Davao’s 3.73 per cent, and Legas pi’s three per cent. In addition, Cebu ship ped 657,800 kilos of copra to Germany and 2,175,800 to Spain. Manila shipped 34,270 kilos to Spain, and Jolo 14,985 to Singapore. It should be stated that until recently the copra crop of the Legaspi district has been far below normal and ruling prices of co pra at preduel ion points outside the Philip pines have caused considerable buying in those regions for the United States. Now however production in Tayabas and Laguna is rapidly increasing. Zamboanga is report ed to have suffered severely by the drouth, which was broken May 7 by copious rains O. V. Wood is, above all others, respon sible for the making of Davao a port of entry for the Philippines, in the opinion of J. V. Marias, who was in charge of shipping board matters in the orient when the initial steps were taken. He was afterward vice president and acting manager of the Bank of the Philippine Islands and is now resid ing in San Francisco, whence he writes: “In April of 1921 I went to Davao. It was a filthy place. There was not a decent bed to sleep in or a decent meal to be had. but it had possibilities. I saw’ them and told the planters," among whom was Wood, and I learned all I could about their troubles, particularly the shipping obstacle. I told them that if they got behind me and sup ported me that I would give them direct shipments to the United States ... O. V. Wood believed in me, the only ong who did, the result of which was that he negotiated w’ith me for a ship to go after 4,000 bales (of hemp) ; and he offered to pay a dif ferential so that the ship would not lose. I agreed to send a ship there, the Dewey. I went with it. I was on the bridge when we docked, first at Manila, then Davao and then Taloma. Needless to say I was happy. I had made good my promise and proved my faith. Poor Wood was on his last legs. We had a terrible time. We did not get our premised 4,000 bales; we lost money; he agreed to pay dead freight but I don't think the charge was ever pressed. That was only the start of my troubles. Wood died. He was my only active supporter. . . However, we finally won out and I am mighty pleased with the results. They cer tainly prove that the effort was worth while, but how much easier it could have been made if I had some kind of coopera tion.” Cooperation was finally forthcoming, especially from the office of the governor general. The reader perceives that the opening of both Legaspi and Davao was a deal: to get the one, Davao, it was neces sary for the executive branch of the govern ment to approve the other. Both are to be connected with Manila by direct wireless communication. Bids for new equipment have been opened at the bureau of posts. One covers a long-wave system, two others cover short-wave systems. Decision among them has not been made (May 25), but one will be accepted and the work undertaken. THE NEWEST EQUIPMENT IS ON THE NORTH COAST LIMITED SEATTLE TO CHICAGO (DIRECT CONNECTION TO THE EAST AND SOUTH) “NEWEST” means an Observation-Lounge Car surpassing all others heretofore designed. Barber, Valet, Ladies Maid, Bath, Library, Smoking and Card Rooms, Writing Desk, inviting leurge and wide observation platform. “NEWEST” means Pullman sleeping cars different from any you have seen on any other train. Permanent head-boards divide the sec tions for greater privacy. Interior Decorations in soft, new colors. Here is luxury unlimited for sleeping car passengers. All Steel Construction Means Safety. In the Dining Car are those “femcusly geed” Northern Pacific meals, served with deft courtesy and skill at low prices. from Seattle to Chicago IN 70 HOURS. No change of cars. F»r raUs and lilirature write R. J. TOZER GENERAL AGENT 609 Robert Dollar Bldg. Shanghai, China. Northern Pacific Railway “2000 MILES OF STARTLING BEAUTY’.’ It also seems probable that the telegraph office at Davao will be removed from the town, inland, to the new town of Santa Ana, at the port. The report of the ins pector is awaited but has been ordered sub mitted. It cannot but show that the bulk of the commercial telegraph business arises at the port and not in the town of Davao itself. MRS. FRANK DIES IN HOSPITAL News has been received in Manila of the death in San Francisco of Mrs. George I. Frank April 30, after an operation. Mrs. Frank, wife of the well known Escolta merchant, had been a resident of Manila for many years; many friends mourn her death. She was an Eastern Star; the funeral ser vice was conducted by Reverend Tracy., formerly of the Episcopal cathedral of Manila. Z.V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTI'V THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 Impounding Six Billion Gallons of Water for Manila «« ** ** ** ** v* ** New Water Supply System 100,000,000 Gallons Daily John Qordon of Qordon 4Haley. Build ing Impoudinq Dam al noualiches that the manager of Manila now has a maximum daily water supply of 22 million gallons, and needs more than twice that volume, as has been the case for many years. The Metropolitan Water District is therefore building* a new water system, with the proceeds of 1*12,000,000 of bonds sold in the United States. It was ten years ag the water district. A. Gideon, then city engineer—for the publicly owned corporation had not then been or ganized—cited the growing scarcity of water and urged the building of a new and adequate system. When the weather was dry some attention was given his counsel; then it would rain and the mains would run full, and the city fathers would postpone action, though, in their favorite way, accept ing the project in principle. For this reason and some others, Manila suffered a water famine during the dry season broken only late in May. It will however not be long before permanent relief is provided by completion of projects in the new system now under construction. The Montalban system, the one supplying THE MAN RESPONSIBLE A. Gideon, manager of the Metro politan Water District, who left Ma nila June 2 and may not return at the end of his leave, is the man to whom the new water system must be credited—whom Manila owes a lasting debt. Gideon is a Cornell man, class '9.5. He came to Manila in 1904, 23 years ago, to a position in the bureau of public works, having previously been chief engineer of the Havana (Cuba) Sewerage System. In Manila he was given charge of administration of water Service and sewers. In 1912 he became chief engineer of the Depart ment of Sewer and Waterworks Cons truction, to which position that of City Engineer was added in 1910. When the Metropolitan JFafer Dis trict was organized, July, 1919, he went to the post as manager, which he still holds. the city and district at present, furnishes a maximum of 22 million gallons per day; the new system will provide 80 millions more, making 100 million gallons altogether and relieving nil anxiety as to an adequate supply of water, for at least fifty years. Gordon and Haley are now building the big impounding dam on the Novaliches river. The cost is in the neighborhood of 1'1,300,000 and the job is to be finished, it is contem plated, before the next dry season becomes severe. This dam will be connectel with the Montalban pipeline and even prior to the drawing of water from the Angat river it will afford a considerable extra supply of water. The Novaliches dam will impound six billion gallons of water when finally con nected with the Angat conduit. It will stretch across the Novaliches gulch as shown in one of the illustrations. The first step required Avas the construction of a triple-barrel aqueduct to take care of the river flow while the dam is under construe tion. This, as is seen in the pictures, is nearly completed, and the concrete wall to prevent seepage is also well along. The dam itself will be of mixed clay and en dorated material found adjacent to the site of the dam. A half million cubic meters of this material must be placed, after the present soil has been removed. Units of (principal importance in the new water system, known as the Angat system, are: A gravity spillway dam on the Angat river below the mouth of the Ipo, emptying into the Angat. This dam will be 50 feet high and 500 long; it will require 40,000 cubic yards of masonry and is estimated to cost Pl,200,000. An aqueduct-tunnel from the mouth of the Ipo to the San Juan reservoir. Four kilometers of the conduit and two kilome ters of the tunnel comprising portions of this aqueduct are being constructed by J. B. Findley, the contract involving about Pl,000,000. The aqueduct will be 31 kilome ters long when completed. Its height, inside, will be fine feet, and width five feet.. The cost is estimated at P4,000,000. Underwood Typewriters Equip your office with Underwoods. Admitted the finest typewriter yet made. “The Machine you will eventually buy”. Write for catalogues and prices. Smith, Bell & The Dictaphone A modern system for the prompt and more convenient handling of your correspondence. Is always ready to record every thought. As essential to the Business Man as the Telephone. Company, Ltd. Sole Agents for the Philippine Islands. Hongkong & Shanghai Bank Building. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 WHY BE AN EASY MARK FOR CROOKS AND DEADBEATS PROTECT YOURSELVES AGAINST LOSSES 'ffie COMMERCIAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE IS A CLEARING HOUSE FOR CREDIT INFORMATION GET A LINE ON YOUR CUSTOMERS A FEW PESOS PER MONTH MAY SAVE YOU THOUSANDS WRITE OR TELEPHONE FOR PARTICULARS COMMERCIAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE 3rd FLOOR, 322 PACIFIC BUILDING TEL. 2-23-61 J. L. PIERCE, Manager Settling basins and sand filters capable of treating- 50,000,000 gallons of water per day must be provided. These auxiliaries are expected to cost about P2,500,000. Enlargement of the San Juan reservoir will cost some P500.000. Extension of the distributing system in Manila will cost Pl,000,000, with a similar cost for exten sion and improvement of the sewer system. Visws 0} the Rew Waterworks Showir.q Concrete Curtain Acron Bale oj Impounding Dam. novalichei River: Left Inset. Uieu> oj Tunnel near Impounding Dam: Riqht Iniet, Head oj Triple-Barrel Aqueduct for River Flout While Dam li Under Construction. Of r_ ’ - ‘ ' AG. River control, supervision, etc., and the building of 31 kilometers of highway along the aqueduct, wil absorb another 1’800,000. The project was authorized by the Legis lature under Act 2852, carrying a provision for bonds in the sum of P12,000,000. But it was the opinion in the United States that these bonds would be taxable; they therefore would have carried an interest rate of perhaps seven per cent. There was further delay until amendments could be made. The bonds bear interest at five per cent, and sold at the rate of 4.72 per cent. They mature in 30 years. By effecting the changes alluded to, Gideon saved the public of the water district some 1’8,000,000 in interest charges alone. He devoted him self tirelessly to every phase of the project, yet a large portion of the Manila press was never happier than when disparaging his efforts—chiefly, perhaps, because he insisted that the city pay the water district the charges due for water furnished. He probably saved the public another huge sum by rejecting the hydroelectric project coupled with the original plans. He believed this would be a failure, involving an annual deficit on operations and main tenance of about P350.000. Another scheme was to supply Manila with water from artesian wells. He exploded it. “If each well flowed 70,000 gallons daily,” he said, “then 800 wells would be required to supply 56,000,000 gallons of water. The cost would be P6,000 per well, or P4,800,000, besides maintenance and operation costs. The wells are not properly speaking artesian wells at all; they do not flow, but require pumps. The proposition is so full of risks that no reputable engineer would dare risk the possible waste of public money that it involves. “What we do require is a fairly large river with a minimum flow of more than 50 million gallons per day—located as near Manila as possible and with little or no population on the watershed. The river bed must be of sufficient elevation so that we can cheaply construct a gravity aque duct system with settling basins and sand filters, and still maintain the same water pressure as we now have in the city. The Angat river comes nearest to fulfilling all these desired requirements, and we have found, after a careful comparative study of every other available source, that it offers the only solution to our problem.” The Pagsanjan river was rejected because of its distance from Manila. The authorized bonds axe only disposed of as money becomes necessary for the purchase of materials or payment for work. The original indebtedness for the Montal ban project was P8,000,000; the Angat project adds not more than 1’12,000,000; about 1928 the whole indebtedness will be highest, around P18,000,000, and by 1950 it will be down again to 1’10,000,000. The net profits of the water district, unless lowered under new management, are sufficient to take care of all charges of operation and maintenance, interest and sinking fund. Even with the Angat system operating it will still be necessary to maintain the Montalban system, the godsend to Manila built under the administration of Colonel J. F. Case, back in 1903, because the Mariquina valley towns are in the water dis trict and entitled to the water service. But the Montalban reservoir leaks, leaks like a sieve; the expectations that the crevices and faults in the limestone would silt in, the silt forming a sort of cement, were (not fulfilled, so that the minimum flow is many millions of gallons daily below the estimates of the engineers. (Andositc is the formation at the projected Angat dam, and less leakage is anticipated.) Of lhe Montalban system Gideon says: “The whole system was proportioned for a maximum draft of 20,500,000 gallons per day. Provided the storage had been what it was originally intended to be and no leakage occurred at the dam, and the mi nimum stream flow had been 11,000,000 gallons per day. ban-ing accidents the sys tem would probably have been sufficient till the end of 1921..’ The engineers made a remarkably good estimate of future con sumption. They would not have been jus tified in providing for much more than IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OP COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 four times the then daily consumption of water in a period of twenty years. “The watershed of the Angat river is located due noth and adjacent to the Mariquina watershed. It occupies practically the whole of the eastern side of Bulacan province, adjacent to Tayabas. At Pared (the town near the projected dam) it covers an estimated area of 280 square miles, 173,200 acres, or about 2.6 times the area of the Mariquina watershed at Montalban dam. It is of a rugged nature, similar to the Mariquina watershed, has no lakes, ponds or swamps or large areas of levei land. . . The dam at Pared is to be located in a deep gorge with sharply rising walls, and is more or less favorable for the loca tion of a high dam. The gorge is quite narrow at this place, which means a very much shorter dam and consequently less masonry than would be needed for a dam of similar height elsewhere on the Angat river.” But think of a city of Manila’s population using 50 million gallons of water a day! It actually would do so, if the water could be supplied; and it does use 25 million gal lons, with all services metered and wastage estimated lower than in American cities, not more than 25 per cent. In 1903 there were 3,000 services; in 1918, 8,000, and now there are 20,000. In accordance with the Carriedo will, water is furnished free to the poor, to Santa Clara convent and the Franciscans. The city is charged for its water, and on these grounds: it is a cus tomer of the water district, and the water system is maintained by the charges for the service, not by taxation. The insular auditor, Ben F. Wright, ht-s endeavored to get the city’s debt to the water district paid, and thereby thrown a pretty case into the United States supreme court; so that as yet the sum due from the city remains a bill receivable; of doubtful worth. When the water district took over ad ministration of the water system from the city, in 1919, there was an annual deficit. Collections in 1918 were 1*4525,0 0 0, expen ditures 1’875,000, the deficit 1'250,000. (The interest on the 1’8,000,000 bonds annually is P320.000, at four per cent, and the sink ing fund P155.000. An operating charge of P-100,000 makes up the remainder of the 1918 expenses). If the city pays its $200,000 for last year, the collections will be Pl,480,000; deducting the city’s bill, however, the collections were actually Pl,280,000. Interest on the old bonds was P320.000, and on the new 1’125,000. The sinking fund was 1’156,000, and operations expense P.399,000. This rounds out an ex pense of Pl,000,000, to use approximations, and leaves a net profit to the water district of P280.000, or 1’180,000 if the city pays. “We can install the new system, assuring Manila abundance of pure water for fifty years, without increasing the rates.” is Gideon’s parting assurance, as he leaves Manila the community where he rendered 23 years of work of the stamp generally commended by men able to weigh its worth. Myers-Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping. PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 230 Koeedler Bldg. Tel. 161 ZAMBOANGA DROUTH COSTLY From the Mindanao Herald: Yesterday morning, May 7, the people of this community were filled with unadul terated joy when the clouds suddenly open ed and poured forth a deluge of rain upon a parched and withering land. This was the first rainfall recorded in Zamboanga in 120 days. The extent of the damage to agriculture would be hard to determine. The coconut trees, which are the main source of the province’s wealth, have suffered enormous ly. It requires about one year for a coco nut to mature, from flower to ripe nut, and as a large percentage of the flowers and small nuts have fallen from the trees, the TME TRADE MARK THAT GUARANTEES QUALITY Five La Minerva Cigars with World-Wide Reputations Czars Monte Carlo Fancy Tales Excelentes Monarcas Sold Everywhere La Minerva Cigar Factory, Inc. 2219 Azcarraga Tel. 12-69 Makers of the Choicest Cigars Since 1883 effect of this drought will be felt for months to come. A 50G shortage in copra production during 1926 would be a very conservative estimate. This has been the first severe drought suffered in Zamboanga since 1912. We are fortunate that they do not come oftener, and it is probable that this region suffers less through drought than any other part of the Philippines. It is possible we were becoming entirely too self-sufficient and an all-wise Provi dence caused this visitation to teach us to be more humble and not so inclined to crow over our superior advantages. Anyhow, the rains have come in time for our rice and corn crops; the coconuts, hemp and rubber will be revived by th? refreshing showers, and next year we will .probably be even more cocky than ever before. The Trade-Mark That Has Identified The Choicest c^Hanila Cigars Since 1883 zA Shape for Every Taste and Every One A Source of Perfect Joy IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNA. June, 192G THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 Smoking Lantakas: Moros Mad in Lanao «« ** V* Economic Aspects of Tangled Problem lie works have been established, that in these things themselves lie very largely the solu tion of the problem of government. Even the Malanao desires the aid of capital and of Americans, but a policy determined in Manila, not in Dansalan, deprives him of these aids to advancement. No college has Current news from Lanao turns back the pages of twenty-five years’ American administration in the Philippines and leave ; America in her relation with the Moro in habitants of the Philippines, not where she was when Captain John J. Pershing march ed north from Malabang and reduced Bacolcd cotta, thereafter making terms with the Moros of Lanao and inducing the sur render of their arms, but where she was before the work of Wallace and Davis and Bates and Pershing was begun at all. It seems pretty clear that most of what the Army accomplished in the Rio Grande valley has been somewhat thoroughly un done by subsequent events. Sultan sa Raya, when he issued his defiance to the govern ment two years, had but a small following; and now he has a large one and a battery of cottas—all with means of defense and escape well planned. The constabulary under Major Orville M. fchnson, provincial governor of Lanao, and Colonel L. E. Stevens of Zamboanga, have reduced certain of these cottas and slain tome Moros—which seems like the sowing of dragons’ teeth. For it seems that some >f the cottas have already been reoccupied )y sa Raya men, and that punitive expedi tion has proved not altogether successful — oerhaps a failure, with the cost a goodly ;um from the treasury and a score or so of soldiers—seven dead, and the others •vounded. Even several officers were wounded. The country is jungle. The Ylalanaos" know it well and the soldiers ■ ittle. Getting sa Raya, sa Boisan, Dattu llio and Amai Kalungan is a job. The consables have their work cut out for them. It is of course the economic features of i problem of this sort that concern the general public of the Philippines, and should concern the public of the United States. Sa Raya defies the government because he believes that two years ag>.—he has been out that long—customary law was violated by a decision rendered in the court of first instance. Such incidents will recur from time to time because the pledges made to the Moro have not been carried out, and in his own domain he is all but exclud ed frem participation in governmen tal procedure. Deliberate steps have been taken to extend the Christian hegemony over him. The law creating the bureau of non-Christian tribes (over which, of course, a Christian presides) stipulates that the bureau must always have in view “the aim of rendering permanent the mutual intelligence between and complete fusion of all Christian and non-Christian elements populating’the provinces of i.hc archipelago.’’ This .can only mean obliteration of Moros —as Mores. At least the Moro fears it does. j Then we have Section 3 of Act 2520: 1 “Judges of the Court of First Instance and justices of the peace deciding civil cases in which the parties are Mohammedans or pagans, when such action is deemed wise, hiay modify the application of the law of the Philippine Islands, except laws of the United States applicable to the Philippine Islands, taking into account Hocal laws and customs: Provided that such modification shall not be in conflict with the basic prin ciples of the laws of the United States of America.” The italics are ours. It may be seen where government ol' Moros is tending, and (.Sketch by Henry Sanaa'- Lan,lor in G. of the Has) -American Troops Encamped in 1901 Before Bacolod Cotta, Lanao. Captain John J. Perahinq in Foreqround; Kioto Lautaka (Inset) how helpless executive officials are to mo dify its tendency to any material extent. It has been seen, however, in other Moro provinces where more development of na tural resources has occurred and more pubfr Sfi ft T (Sliitta Sauliiuy durporatton fHauila, JJ. 3. over been established for Moros; the teach ing of Arabic was early abandoned; the native teachers of the Koran, employed in private schools, are not as qualified as they should be to discharge their duties well. IXSURANCE FIRE, MARINE, MOTOR CAR. F. E. ZUELLIG, INC. Cebu Manila Iloilo Just Arrived CHENEY, Foulard & Crepe F. in Hand Ties. „ Bat Wings Ties KEISER F. in Hands. HANDSOME DESIGNS LARGEST ASSORTMENT IN TOWN M. PELLICER , Escolta 40-42-44 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 All this seems self-evident. It affects profoundly the Moros of Lanao, who have always adhered to their own civilization. Essentially they are peasant farmers. They have high traditions. If these were modified by economic processes, the change would not be violent and would be everywhere accep table. The political process is violent; that is to say, it does violence to Moro institu tions. America has the question to decide, is this violent process necessary? Roughly calculated, the area of Lanao is 2500 square miles and the population 100,451, or about four to the square mile. Among these 100,451 people, 96,224 are non-Christian, chiefly Moros, and 14,227 are Christians. Figuring the area in hectares, it is 631,701, of which 31,170 hectares are culti vated. The land has been classified as fol lows: commercial forest, 412,890 hectares; non-commercial forest, 25,970 hectares; unexplored, 124,000 hectares, leaving -37,671 hectares variously classified, the total, with the 31,170 hectares under cultivation, round ing out the full area of 631,701 hectares. Iligan is the port on the north boundary, Malabang the port on the south boundary, near the Cottabato line. Dansalan, at Camp Keithley, on the lake (the word Lanao sig nifying lake), is the provincial capital. There is but one road in the entire province, that from Iligan to Dansalan, 30.5 kilome ters. There is no wharf at Iligan, none at Malabang. The country is a paradise for the tribesman, and while left in that condition he can hardly become more than a tribes man. The bureau of agriculture crop reports originate with municipal officials and are not fully reliable, but such as they are, they are here, for the year ending December 31. Crop Palay (rough rice) Corn Abaca Sugar Cane Tobacco Coconuts Total Hectarag': 20,990 4,930 1,460 500 340 2,950 31,170 Yiela 616,600 106,440 17,680 18,330 2,630 6,802,900 cavans eavans piculs piculs quintals nuts Value Pl,861,110 412,420 307,280 187,720 45,070 356,430 Total P3,170,030 According to these figures the cultivated lands of Lanao yielded last year crops valued at Pl,000 or $500 per hectare, or P400 or $200 per acre; and it is very pro bable that the valuations are too high, although the land is fertile. On the basis of population the production was P31.70 per capita, and a family of five had about P155 on which to subsist and pay taxes. This is even accepting the stated valuations. Wealth is not rapidly accumulating in Lanao. The principal towns are Iligan and Dan salan. The settlements are rural and isolat ed, comprised in municipal districts. The province had a revenue of 1’302,162.34 last year, from sources as follows: Taxes and penalties................. P71,776.85 Loans & Advances, repaid........ 12,265.68 Other receipts ........................... 6,265.99 Operations ................................. 63.99 Mid Aid from mun. gvts................. 4,163.48 Insular Aid . . . .-....................... 143,696.77 The municipalities and municipal districts had revenue as follows: Taxes and penalties................. P35.369.33 Operations ................................. 1,366.11 Voluntary Contributions......... 90,566.40 Insular Aid ............................... 12,639.56 Total .......................................... P139,941.40 In addition, the insular government col lected some 1’67,000 in internal revenue and cedula taxes, which deducts from the aid, P146.336.33, leaving 1’79,336.33 as the ap proximate net aid front the insular treasury to the province and towns. All taxes com bined, including voluntary contributions, seem to have been about two pesos per ca pita. (On the people who worked the 31,170 hectares of land that were cultivated, taxes were far above this average rate). The enrollment in the schools in Decem ber last year was 4,716 pupils, of whom it may be assumed some 2,000 or more are Christians. The sum spent on the schools during the year was P137.045.72. This is a heavy school budget for an un developed province. In contrast, practically nothing was spent upon public improve ments aside from maintenance of the road from Iligan to Dansalan. The year however was.not different from previous ones, subse quent to the military administration of Mindanao, which left a good wagon road from Iligan to Malabang, and thence to Pa rang-Parang, and other first rate means of communication to other points, all of which has been permitted to lapse. The bureau of public works wishes to do more. It has as signed to Lanao a district engineer, Ale jandro Rivera, and will make certain recom mendations to the Legislature for appro priations for the province. It will ask P50.000 for a wharf at Iligan, 1’10,000 for the one at Butuan, to serve Agusan. It will also ask for funds to open a cart road to Malabang, over the eld military highway. In Lanao it seems to be the familiar case FUJI SILK THE COMEBACK Our FUJI SILK Exhibit won the GOLD MEDAL at the 1926 PHILIPPINE CARNIVAL. This finest silk in the Philip pine Islands you can buy from us in a great variety of designs at reasonable prices. DUTY into the Philippines is 15$ less than the American duty—which you save by buying from us. For the use of Ladies and Gentlemen OSAKA BAZAR “The Japanese Department Store” 332-346 Echague Phone 216 The comeback must be the right comeback. Your printed product must be the no come back kind —when the work is done and deli vered there is no comeback except another job and a boost from you. The right comeback is the comeback we try to get from you—the comeback of a customer thoroughly satisfied, of good opinion, of more orders. The job that has no comeback but a come back customer is the kind that builds our business. Hammering away every minute to get the right comeback puts the quality in our work, puts the promptness in our service. It takes work and pep but it’s worth it - it wins your good opinion, and that’s the comeback we want. THE TIMES PRESS Cosmopolitan Building, Menila, P. 1. /.V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 192G THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 of the cart-before-the-horse. As they are run, the Moros don’t like the schools. They think the schools tend to wean their children both from their ancient customs and faith and from the fields. They would appreciate public works and the privilege cf not being forced to accept a civilization that has borrowed greatly from their own and given it nothing in return—having nothing to give that they would take, except under compulsion. I MAY SUGAR RF.VIEW [ By George H. Fairchild A E IF Y 0 R K MARKET: The su gar market for the month was unsettled and irregular. At the beginning of the 'month the market was dull and at a standstill owing to strikes in the United Kingdom. Towards the end of the first week, however, the market became more had been more severe than in Negros and Panay. Local capitalists have been active in push ing through their sugar projects, and two new sugar companies have recently been organized: The Central Luzon Milling Co., which will erect a central at Bamban, Tarlac, and the Nueva Ecija Sugar Mill, which will establish a mill at Cabiao, Nueva Ecija. The Bamban Central will have a daily ca pacity of 250 tons cane and will commence grinding by next January; the Cabiao Cen tral in Nueva Ecija will have a daily capa city of 120 tons cane and expects to be milling cane by December 1 this year. Shipments of Philippine sugars to various countries from January 1, 1926, to May 25, 1926, are as follows: _ Kinds of Sugar U.S. Pacific Centrifugals............................... 45,554 Muscovados........................... — Refined . ■................................... 823 MISCELLANEOUS-. According to latest estimates given out by prominent New York firms, the world's increase in production for the 1925-26 crop over the previous year was placed at from 690,000 tons to 710,000 tons as against the previous estimate of over a million tons. It was reported that the plant ings of the European beet crop will be less than original estimates. The Java market was firm and steady. Latest quotations for superiors, f.o.b., per picul were as follows: Spot, Gs. 14 (P12.02; June Gs. 10-7/8 (1’9.38) ; Julv/August Gs. 10-1/4 (1’8.86); Sept/Oct. Gs. 10-3/8 (1’8.93). Advices from Java stated that ex cessive rainfall had occurred there, which may further retard the already late grinding season and adversely affect the crop. China & Japan Total — 238,970 41,982 41,982 — 823 U.S. Atlantic 193,416 Totals 46,377 193,416 41,982 281,775 INSURANCE active and firmer with an advancing ten dency. Spot sales of Cubas were made on the basis of 2-7,MG? and 2-1/2?. Prices de clined to 2-3/8? the latter part of the se cond week, depressing the market. This de pression continued throughout the third week, at the close of which the market steadied for a few days and then declined again towards the end of the month. The weakness of the market throughout the month of May was due to the uncertain ty as to the production of Cuba, and the apparently heavy stocks on hand. While some authorities placed the Cuban crop at 4,900,000 tons, others estimated it at figures ranging from 5,000,000 to 5,375,000 tons. Stocks in the U.S., U.K , Cuba and the five principal continental countries at the end of the month were 4,275,000 tons as comAtlas Assurance Co., Ltd. London Fire and Marine Insurance The Continental Insurance Co. New York The Employer’s Liability Assurance Corporation, Ltd. London Fire, Plate Glass, Automo bile and Accident Insurance Orient Insurance Company of Hartford Fire Insurance pared with 3,340,000 tons at the same period in 1925, and 2,275,000 tons in 1924. How ever, the increasing consumption of sugar in the U.S. and the U.K. is encouraging, and, should this continue, higher prices are expected in the near future. The market for futures followed the trend of the spot market. Quotations follow: Fire and Marine Insurance E. E. ELSER Suite 400 to 407 Kneedler Building P. O. Box 598 Cable Address—"EDMIL,” Manila Phones 129 & 22429 July . . . September . December. . 2.70 2.81 , Latest 2.46 2.59 2.71 Sales of Philippine centrifugals afloat and for future shipments were made at prices ranging from 4.08? to 4.40? landed terms. Despite the unseasonably cold weather experienced during the month, there has been further improvement in the market for refined, quotations ranging from 5.40? to 5.60?. LOCAD MARKET-. The local market for centrifugals ruled quiet for the month. Small transactions were made at prices ranging from 1’10.375 to 1’10.625. Only two centrals, namely the Victorias and Manapla mills, both in Occidental Ne gros, are still grinding. Latest production reports confirm the latest estimate of ap proximately 375,000 metric tons for the 1925-26 crop published in our last month’s review, as compared with 499,291 metric tons for the 1921-25 crop, 316,181 metric tons for 1923-21, and 226,298 metric tons for 1922-23. The first rains tlrit fell during the last week of Ma.v have given much relief to the young cane which already showed the ef fects of the long drouth. This is especially true in the Luzon districts where the drouth Accuracy Counts— And no where more than in connection with the eyes. If the vision is not normal neither are the impressions accurate which are transmitted to the brain through the eyes. Warped vision means warped impressions and warped ideas. Accuracy knows no compromise. Is your vision normal? Our Optometrists can tell you. jHuiays the best in quality but never higher in price. MANILA 90-94 LSCOLTA Pt. MASQfliC TEMPLE IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L L. Spellman Mud'udt Compunu The last report covered the montr. of April with statistics up to and including May 3 and this rep o rt covers the month of May with statistics up to and including May 31. U.S. G It /I I) E S The general strike in Great Britain de clared the first o1' the month had an immediate effect on all hemp markets. The buyers in the New York market retired immediately as they irealizcd that if the strike should be prolonged it would throw a large quantity of Abaca iibre on the U. S. market and in addition to this th? African Sisal, New Zealand hemp and Java Sisal, usually consumed in the U. K., would be offered to the American buyers. Sellers were offering on the basis of .J 11-1/2C, I 13-3/-1C' and F 14-1/2?. During the first week the shipping houses kept their prices fairly steady but second-hand sellers wen quoting considerably lower prices but buyers remained indifferent. Prices gra dually declined until the middle of the month when shippers were offering on the basis of J lie, I 13c and F 13-3/lc. Notwithstanding the fact that the gene ral strike had been called off, the U. S. buyers continued to look for lower prices. During the last half of the month prices steadily declined and the market closed with sellers but no buyers on the basis of J 10-3/8C I 11-3/ie and F 12-1/2b. During tins period the manufacturers undoubtedly purchased sufficient hemp for their im mediate requirements and it is thought speculators purchased a fair quantity. On the 1st of the month the shipping houses in Manila were not keen to buy and the dealers remained firm. Nominal quotations were E 1’3-1.50, F 32.50, G 24.50, H 17.50, I 31.00, JI 25.50, SI 31.50, S2 29.50 and S3 25.50. With the collapse of the U.S. market exporters immediately dropped their prices and at the end of the first week sales were being made on the basis of D 1’36.—, E 34.—, F 32.—, G 24.— , H 16.— , 1 30.—, Ji 21.4, SI 30.4, S2 28.4 and S3 24.4. The market for the balance of the month continued to decline steadily with the shipping houses confining- their purchases largely to their regular customers. The dealers, however, remained firm in their ideas of value and as a consequence a considerable quantity of hemp has gone into store. Nominal quotations at the end of the month were E 1’30.4, F 28.4, G 22.—, H 15.—, I 26.1, JI 23.—, SI 28.—, S2 26.— and S.” 23.— with neither buyers nor sellers show ing much interest. U.K. GRADES. The U.K. market col lapsed on the first of the month due to the general strike. There nad been very little buying during the last week or ten days of April and sellers at the close were asking the following 'prices: J2 £41.—, K £31.— and L £32.10. The general strike was settled by the 12th but the coal strike continued and the manufacturers were not interested in hemp until toward the middle of the month when a few sales were reported. At this time the Continental buyers com menced to operate to a limited extent. The tnurket for the last half of the month was dull with prices continuing to give way Both the U.K. and Continental spinners were limited buyers and the London dealers seemed to confine their purchases to about the same quantity that they were able to dispose of. The market closed quiet with sellers on the basis of J2 £38.10, K £30.—, L £31.—and M £27.—. The market in Manila for the U.K. grades has been practically at a standstill for the entire month. Nominal prices on the first were J2 P19.50, K 14.50, L 15.50 and M 13.— but there were neither buyers nor sellers. The exporters knew they would be unable to dispose of the hemp at these prices and the dealers claimed the fibre on hand cos': them considerably more. Prices, however, continued to decline and at the end of the month sales were made on the basis of J2 P17.50, K 13.25, L 14.— and M 12.25 for good parcels. GENERAL. Prices during the month declined from Pl.50 to P4.— per picul on the various grades, the average being in the neighborhood of P2.50 per picul or say 1’5.— per bale. The stocks, including province holdings, will reach at least 200,000 bales so it is safe to assume that the British strike cost the hemp industry considerably over Pl,000,000. It is argued in some quar ters that fibre prices were abnormally high. This is probably true but the natural decline would have extended over a longer period and would have enabled holders to liquidate their fibre without loss. FREIGHT RATES. On May 1st the As sociated Steamship Lines reduced the rate on hemp from Cebu to Japanese ports from P2.— per bale to Pl.— per bale. On May 11th they restored the P2.— rate. On the 21st of May they reduced the rate from Manila to Japanese ports from P2.— to 1’1.50 per bale. It is understood the P2.— rate will be restored shortly. It is believed these changes in rate were made on account cf one or two outside steamers taking hemp for Japan at less than Conference rates. The rate on hem]) for the U.K. and Con tinent shipped from Davao for transhipment at Singapore was advanced from 10/— over the Manila rate to 20/— over the Manila GORDON’S DRY GIN For Morelhan 27 Years SAXONKNIT The leading Gin all over the world When ordering a “Martini” Cocktail, be sure to call for a “Gordon’s” Martini Cocktail. Discrim inating mm have found that we do best tail oring and have the largest selection of good suitings. BATHINGSUITS AND MANILA BAY SQUIRES-BINGHAM COMPANY Sportsmen’s Headquarters Where all the good fellows meet 15 Plaza Goiti Manila Phone 300 New York-Paris-Manila 12 Escolla Phone 7(6 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTl ON THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 rate. There was a fair amount of hemp moving via this route but the advance makes it more expensive than bringing the hemp to Cebu or Manila on Interisland boats. If it was the intention of the steam ship lines to eliminate transhipment at Sin gapore, they have been entirely successfull. STATISTICS. We give below the figures for the neriod extending from May 3rd to May 31st, 1926. 1926. 1925. Stocks or. January 1 . . Receipts to May 31 . . Stocks on May 31 . . . 153,181 559,130 205,633 131,228 525,969 178,230 To the United Kingdom. . Continent of Europe. . Atlantic U.S. . . . U.S. via Pa cific . . . Japan. . . Elsewhere & Local. . . TOTAL . . SHIPMENTS. To May 31, 1926. 121,665 Bales 66,773 1-16,793 51,682 86,226 33,539 To June 1, 1925. 134.606 Bales 51,858 ” 134,868 ” 57,776 ” 46.681 ” 33.118 ” 1 506,678 Bales 478,907 Bales COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By R. K. Zerjhkr Copra Milling Corporation Complete returns for April show ar rivals at Manila as 180,500 bags or 38% more than the April average for the past three years. May arrivals as reported up to the date of this article were 244,800 bags or 36% more than the May average for the past three years. May prices at the opening of the month were 1’12.50 for buen corriente and 1’13.75 for resecada copra. There was not much of a variance in these prices until May 10 when buen corriente was quoted at P12.25 and resecada at Pl3.50, with but little copra being offered. Sellers were holding out for higher prices to realize on stocks which they had on hand. By the 15th buyers came into the market and prices were advanced to 1’14 resecada for large lots. Up to the end of the month there was a steady in crease in price and the month closed with buen corriente quoted from PI 2.87 to P13.25 and resecada from P14.25 to P14.375. One quite large parcel was sold at P14.50 and a few smaller parcels have been sold at near this figure. There is quite a demand for buen cor riente in certain quarters, for milling pur poses. Exporters are buying heavily in the Tayabas district, as a result of which prices are almost a peso per picul above Manila river copra prices. Large shipments have arrived from the southern islands which accounts for the excess over normal ar rivals. The London market has steadily advanced from L-28/0/0 to L-28/12/6 f. m. m., with the exception of a period during the early part of the month when it dropped to L-27/15/0 f. m. m. due to strike disturban ces in England. Copra prices appear to have reached a maximum and with the approaching period of heavy production a decline may reasonably be expected. Closing quotations were: — London-f.m.m. —L-28/12'6 San Francisco ■—5-5/8 cents Manila-resecada—1’14.25 to 1’14.375 COCONUT OIL The animation in the coconut oil market which opened up during the latter part of April continued at advancing prices thru May until the closing days when it settled down to a firm market with but few trans actions. May opening prices were 8-7/8 to 9 cents f.o.b. tank cars west coast, and 9-1/4 cents New York. Seller? began forcing the market, offering oil in anticipa tion of cheaper Straits Settlement copra as a result of the strike conditions in England. Buyers held eff expecting 8-1/2 cent oil, but the strike situation having cleared up the price advanced to the former level. Competing fats and oils began to show strength at this time and the coconut oil market responded quickly, spot May sales being made at 9-3/8 with 9-1/4 for June and 9 cents forward. Sellers withdrew from the market after some large sales had been made, most of which were specu lative. Buyers advanced their ideas and sales were made at 9-1/2 -cents June and July tank cars. The market remained strong and prices advanced to 9-5/8 for June tank cars, with corresponding at tractive forward prices. At this time se veral of the larger consumers of coconut oil made purchases which temporarily filled up the source of demand and the markef reverted to 9-1/2 cents tank cars, firm but with no business done. The approaching season of heavy produc tion of copra and a weakening of competing oil and fats has apparently had a depresHsing effect, .and further strength will probably not develop. Closing quotations are: — London —No quotation San Francisco—9-1/2 to 9-5/8 cents tank cars, spot. Manila —P.12 per kilo COPRA CAKE The closing quotation of L-7/15/0 for April dropped to L-7/10/0, L-7/5/0 and L-7/2/5 by the middle of the month. The Hamburg warehouses were reported full of cake, awaiting higher prices. Locally, sellers were holding out for P50 ex warehouse but buyers were not in terested at that price. NEW CITY LICENSE TAXES The following schedule of license taxes has been approved by the municipal board and is up to the mayor for action: Class A livery garage with 50 automobiles ................................. P720.03 Class B livery garage with not more than 50 motor vehicles. . . . P360.00 Class C livery garage with more than 20 motor vehicles but not more than 30............................. P300.00 Class D livery garage, from 10 to 20 motor vehicles....................... P180.00 Class E livery garage with less than 10 motor vehicles............. P120.00 Garages that are used for deposit ing motor vehicles..................... i' 60.00 Livery stables will pay about P17 a year besides the two pesos for every horse used for sendee. For every month of use of the merry-goround, tax of P20 will be paid the city treasurer. Soft drink factories will be required to pay the city treasurer a t-x varying from POO to 300. Junkshops will pay the city a license fee of P75 a year. Repair factories will pay from P100 to P100 depending on the machinery used. Lumber yards shall be taxed from P200 to P600. Before a license to keep a lumber yard can be obtained, the approval of the fire police departments must first be sought. The following factories are taxed as follows: Match factory ....................... P250 Candle factory....................... P200 Soap factory........................... Pl00 to P350 Repair factory ....................... P 25, Automobile repair shop........ P400 Oil factories from ................. P 50 to P600 Foundry shops from ........... P200 to P800 Carpentry shops from .......... P 25 to Pl 50 Box factories ......................... P200 Shoe factories from............... P 50 to P400 Tile factories from ............... P 20 to P390 Hat factories from ............... P 20 to P209 Umbrella factories from.... P 50 to P100 Blacksmith shops from......... P 25 to P500 Repair shops from ............... P 20 to P100 Ice Cream factories ............. P500 Jce factory ............................. P 59 Watch repairs ....................... P100 Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors, Towboats, Launches, Waterboats, Shipbuilders and Provisions. SIMMIE C& GRILK Phone 302 Port Area IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL •June, 1926 REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Stanley Williams Manager, International Banking U. S. Dollar it was quoted at 11/8',; premium on April 30 and the rate was unchang ed until the 20th of May, when one bank was willing to do 1% for cash. By the 22nd all banks would meet the rate, and' the market closed on the 29th with some banks doing 1',; and others asking 1-1/8%. Sterling tt was quoted at 2/0-3/8 on April 30, buyers 2/0-1/2, and this market was unchanged throughout the month of May. Three months sight credit bills were quot ed at 2/1-1/16 and 3 m/s D/P bills at 2/1-3/16 on April 30, but these rates were raised 1/16 on May '4 and lowered l/16th cn May 13, remaining unchanged at 2/11/16 and 2/1-3/16 during the rest of the month. The New York London cross rate closed at 486-3/8 on April 30 and presumably in fluenced by the strike conditions in the United Kingdom dropped away to 485-5/8 on May 4 and a low of 485-1/2 on May 8. A sharp rise of 7/16ths on the Uth, l/4th on the 12th and 3/16ths on the 14th carried it back to 486-1/2 and during the rest of the month the rate fluctuated between 486-7/16 and 486-3/4, closing at 486-9/16 on the 29th. London bar silver closed at 29-15/16 spot, 29- 7/8 forward on April 30 and_ rose sharply to 30-5/8, 30-9/16 on May 5. It dropped away to 29-15/16 spot and forward on the 7th, and by the 10th had reacted to 30- 7/16 snot and forward. The balance of the month witnessed heavy fluctuations with a high of 30-5/16 30-1/4 on the 12th and a low of 29-15/16 29-7/8 on the 25th. The rate was 30-1/16 spot and forward at the close on the 31st. New York silver closed at 64-5/8 on April 30, and rose to 66-1/8 on May 5. It dropped the next day to 64-7/8 and to 64-3/4 on the 7th. It then reacted to 65-3/4 on the 10th and 11th and sagged away to 64-3/4 on the 25th. The market closed at 65 on the 29th. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted nominally at the close las follows: 1450 155 115-1/4 95-1/2 112 68-3/8 134-3/4 122Paris Madrid Singapore Japan Hongkong Shanghai India Java D. O’Sullivan who has been in charge of Cebu branch of the Pacific Commercial Company, has been transferred to the main office in Manila in charge of the insurance department. Mr. and Mrs. O’Sullivan have taken up their residence at 709 Colorado. A. Stewart Hunt, representative of Henry Disston & Sons of Philadelphia, is in Ma nila and will spend Several months in the Philippines calling- on the lumber companies and saw mills. LUMBER REVIEW FOR FEBRUARY By Francisco Tamesis Art*ng D'rector, Bureau of Forestry The lumber mar ket during the month of April did not seem io be as active as the months imme diately preceding P, but it was neverthe less steady. The amount of lumber exported during this month was 5,435,256 beard feet valued at P429,208, as compar ed with 4,442,248 board feet valued at P398.316 during the corresponding month cf last year. The ex port for this month was slightly less than that of the-previous month. One remarkable thing about the export trade during April is the fact that while in the month of March, Japan led in the amount of lumber import, in April she oc cupies last position in the export list. The United States resumes once more her posi tion as the leading importer of Philippine woods. The following table shows the amount of export for April: Timber and Lumber Export April, 1926 Destination Board Feet Value United States. . . . 2,504,144 P179.613 Australia . . . . . . 1,108,760 97,837 China................ . ■. . 990,888 ■ 85,423 Great Britain . . . . 499,896 39,089 Japan . ... . . . 331,568 27,246 Total................. . . . 5,435,256 P429,2G8 Phone 2-22-33 "El Hegar Filipino" Building WARNER, BARNES & CO., LTD. Insurance Agents Transacting cA'.l Claeses of Insurance To Discriminating People BRIAS ROXAS, INC. Offer Their New TAILORING DEPT. Expert cutter in charge. Fine materials to select from. BRIAS ROXAS, INC. 63 67 Fscolta Manila The activities of the 16 more important mills during the month of April. 1926. a.compared with April, 1925, or with 17 mills during March, 1926, are shown in the following table: Board Feet 1926 April Lumber shipment................... 9,210,115 Lumber Inventory............... 19,872,601 Mill Production..................... 8,181,408 1925 April 1926 March Board Feet Board Feet 6,376,367 10,656,673 15,969 58" 24,386,145 5,854,299 11,481,962 SPENDING P65.000 ON RUBBER Undertaking the expenditure of j’65,000 on propagation of rubber in the Philippines, the bureau of agriculture sprouted seeds and distributed some 120,000 seedlings at a charge to planters of 3-v2 centavos per seeding, or 1’3.50 per 1000, making the dis tribution from Manila. Exposure to atmos phere vitiates rubber seeds rapidly; even under expert attention the bureau obtained but 19 per cent germination from all seeds planted. It is tnerefore felt that results would be negligible from the actual distri bution of seeds to planters, as the germina tion percentage would be far lower than in the bureau’s seed beds. In all some 120,000 seedlings were sent cut; about half went to the Bogo-Medellin district of northern Cebu. July is a promising month for distribu tion of seedlings. The bureau will have seed beds at Cebu, Iloilo and Manila and anticipates an extensive dissemination. In this connection attention is invited to the remark of J. L. Myers (in his article pub lished elsewhere in this issue) on new rub ber plantings in French Indochina, hun dreds of thousands of acres. The Philip pines have equally extensive areas just as suitable for rubber as any lands in Indo china; even adjacent to Manila, in the No valiches region and as far as Antipolo, soil identical with that planted to rubber in Indochina is, by thousands of acres, yield ing nothing but scrub timber for firewood. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 THE c UNITED STATES MAKES STUDY OF ADVERTISING CUSTOMARY ADVERTISING APPROPRIATIONS DETERMINED How much should a retail merchant spend for advertising? Reams have been written on this subject. Some expressions have been upon the basis cf what the merchants actually spend while other opinions have been written from the angle of what the merchants should spend. The Chamber of Commerce of the United States has made an investigation on this subject, the results of which are printed below. The figures are upon the basis of the percentage of net sales actually spent for advertising by retail steres in various classifications. The Chamber of Ccmmcrec of the United Slates felt that a study of actual expenditures would be more valuable in determining an advertising appropriation than an outline of the amount chat should be invested under ideal conditions. GROCERY STORES Common Figures % Sales: Less than 930,000 ......................................... 0.2 9 30,000 to 49,000 ......................................... 0.2 50.000 to 99.000 ......................................... 0.2 100,000 to 149,000 ......................................... 0.3 150.000 and over ......................................... 0.3 SHOE STORES Sales: Less than 930.000 ......................................... 1.6 9 30.000 to 49.000 .................................. 2.1 50,000 to 99,000 ......................................... 2.2 100,000 to 249,000 ........................................ 2.8 250,000 and over ......................................... 3.8 DEPARTMENT STORES Common Figures % Sales: Less than $ 250,000 1.7 250.000 to 499,999 ................................. 2.2 500,000 to 999,000 ................................. 2.9 1,000,000 to 3,999,000 ................................. 2.9 4,000,000 to 9,999,000 ................................. 2.9 10,000,000 and over..................................... 3.2 JEWELRY STORES Sales: Less than 920,000 ......................................... 2.6 9 20,000 to 49,000 ......................................... 2.9 50,000 and over .......................................... 4.3 Common Figures % DRUG STORES .......................................................... 0.7 SPECIALTY STORES .............. 3.4 HARDWARE STORES ......................... Average Sales: Less than 920,000 ......................................... 0.66 S 25.000 to 40,000 ........................................... 0.65 40.000 to 60,000 ........................................... 0,79 60,000 to 100,000 ........................................... 0.71 100,000 and over ......................................... 0.70 CLOTHING STORES................................................ 1.98 The Bulletin publishes the above for what it is worth to local advertisers. 26 YEARS OF FAITHFUL SERVICE UNDER ONE MANAGEMENT IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMHER OE COMMERCE JOL'RNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 SHIPPING NOTES SHIPPING REVIEW By II M. CAVENDER General Agent, Dollar Steamship Line Since our last re port business has been more or less at a standstill. This does not hold true as regards freight and passenger traf fic alone but seem ingly likewise to internal Philippine business of most every kind. Upon the whole freight rates have been fairly well maintained even in the face of unusual small exportation, while passenger rates and travel remain steady. It should net be out of place to say here that the past year has been described, as regards world wide shipping, as the worst ever known in the shipping trade, and it is generally recognized that as regards 1926 conditions so far have not been of an encouraging nature. On May 13 the Associated Steamship Lines announced the following corrections and additions in rates of freight from Phil ippine ports: To the Pacific ports, animals, birds, fish, etc. alive, $30.00 per 40 cubic feet; asphalt in bags $5.50 per 2240 pounds; coconut oil in tins, cased, $8.00 per 40 cubic feet. To Atlantic ports, asphalt in bags $8.00 per 2240 pounds, coconut oil in tins, cased, $12.00 per 40 cubic feet, furniture, rattan or bamboo, $7.50 per 40 cubic feet; and on May 19, vegetable lards in tins, cased, to Pacific ports, $8.00 per 40 cubic feet, to Atlantic ports $12.00. The rate on cen trifugal sugar to U. S. ports, which has been “open” during the past six months, remains steady at $5.00 to Pacific ports with no stocks offering for shipment and at the ridiculous figure of $6.50 generally quoted to Atlantic ports. It is reported that even $6.25 and $6.09 space has been found in ships apparently in need of weight cargo for ballasting pur pose. Krom a review of passenger traffic statis tics we learn that during the year 1925 a total of 7221 Filipinos moved to Honolulu and 2100 to Pacific coast cities. It is in teresting to compare the figures contained in those statistics to see that year to year —or better, month to month,—the move ment to the Pacific coast is steadily on the increase. A comparison cf the first four months of 1925 and 1926 follows: Honolulu Pacific Coast 1925 1926 1925 1926 January. . . . 1285 156 88 162 February ... 701 300 148 247 AMERICAN ORIENTAL MAIL LINE MANILA SEATTLE VIA HONGKONG - SHANGHAI - KOBE - YOKOHAMA PRESIDENT McKINLEY............................ PRESIDENT JEFFERSON....................... PRESIDENT GRANT.................................. PRESIDENT MADISON....................... PRESIDENT JACKSON............................. Leaves Manila June 18 June 30 July 12 July 24 Atlc. 5 Arrives Seattle July 11 July 23 Aug. 16 OXYGEN Electrolytic Oxygen 99% HYDROGEN Electrolytic Hydrogen 99% ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for WELDING Fully Equipped Oxy-Acetylene Welding Shops BATTERIES Prest-0 Lite Electric Storage Batteries ONLY TWO-DAY STOP AT HONGKONG TWENTY-THREE DAYS MANILA TO SEATTLE OPERATED FOR ACCOUNT OF U. S. SHIPPING BOARD BY ADMIRAL ORIENTAL LINE MANAGING AGENTS PHONE 22441 24 DAVID Philippine Acetylene Co. 281 Calle Cristobal MANILA IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 626 399 128 392 529 435 339 721 3111 1290 703 1522 March . April. . From these figures we see an increase of over 100 per cent during the period of 1926 as compared with 192o on those Filipinos going to the United States, while laborers to Honolulu fall off during the same period, to where the movement is slightly more than 40 per cent of the previous period. Following a squabble lasting some six or seven week.-,, matters finally righted themselves and the United States Shipping Board with the Emergency Fleet Corpora tion concluded arrangements to deliver the five Board passenger liners operating bet ween Manila and Seattle to the new owners. Admiral Oriental Line, Inc. The only an nouncement -made regarding future opera tion is that delivery will be effected as each vessel arrives in Seattle, commencing with the President Grant June 7, scheduled to sail for Manila June 15 and arrive here July 9. From statistics compiled by the Associat ed Steamship Lines, there were exported from the Philippines during the month of April, 1926: To China and Japan ports 17.094 tons with a total of 43 sailings, of which 5,897 tons were carried in American bottoms with 11 sailings; to Pacific coast for local delivery 22,564 tons with a total of 13 sail ings, of which 17,163 tons were carried in American bottoms with 11 sailings; to Pacific coast, thence overland or inter coastal, 1060 tons with a total of 10 sailings, of which 802 tons were carried in American bottoms with 8 sailings; to the Atlantic coast 50,599 tons with a total of 13 sailing;, of which 24,718 tons were carried in Ame rican bottoms, with 6 sailings; to European ports 9,726 tons with a total of 15 sailings, of which 204 tons were carried in American bottoms, with 3 sailings; to Australian ports 2,853 tons with a total of 5 sailings, none of which was carried in American bottoms; or a grand total of 103,896 tons with 99 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 48,784 tons with 39 sailings. SHIPPING PERSONALS Cupid surely has been active with his bow and arrow and accurate in shot too, along shipping row. First on the list of Cupid’s victims we find Mr. M. J. Thompson, passenger agent for the Dollar and Admiral Lines, who takes as a June bride Miss Alice Jones, June 11, next. Second on the list is Mr. E. J. Brock way, formerly assistant manager of the shipping department of Welch-Fairchild and Co., Ltd., and now connected with the passenger department of the Dollar Steam ship Line. The engagement of Mr. Brock way to Miss Isla Kane was announced during the past week. No date for the wedding has been set as yet. Then we must not overlook Mr. F. Y. Smith, also of the Dollar organization, whose engage ment was announced a few weeks ago, but Mr. Smith says the minister’s work is about two years in the offing. Rumors are cur rent that Mr. “T B” Wilson and Mr. J. E. Gardner, Jr. have also been targets of Cupid’s bow, but no casualties are reported. Mr. Albert C. Diericx, assistant general manager of the Matson Navigation Com pany, accompanied by Mrs. Diericx, was a visitor in Manila May 13 and 14. Mr. Yates, oriental manager of the Prince Line, was in Manila a few days the second part of May. Mr. Yates’ headquar ters are in Hongkong. The occasion of his visit was coupled with the maiden call at Manila of the Prince Line's new fast motor vessel Malayan Prince. Mr. E .T. Beyer, Iloilo representative of the Dollar Steamship Line, was a visitor in Manila the last week in May. FAMILIAR MANILA SHRINES Manila has not a few notabie shrines, among them the chapel at the eon cento of the Franciscan friars in the walled city, where, each Tuesday morning, large congre gations worship the image of St. Anthony of Padua, who was the most celebrated of the followers of St. Francis of Assisi. .St. Anthony would have been a missionary in North Africa, but his ship was wrecked on the Sicilian coast, so he journeyed to Italy and devoted his life to preaching the fun damentalism of the day. The chief part of his career as a preacher was at Padua, where he attained a remarkable reputation for the performance cf miracles, lie began as an Augustinian, in his 15th year, but his stern nature drew him into the Fran ciscan order at a more mature age. He op posed the modernism of the general Elias. Countless legends cling round his memory. It is said that even fishes sprang out of the water to listen to his sermons. ITe is the patron saint of Padua and Portugal. By appealing to him the devout are aided in recovering lost objects. His festival oc curs on June 13, when it will be interesting to visit the Franciscan church. Pope Gre gory IX canonized hini in 1232, the year following his death in Padua. DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE SERVES THE WORLD ROUND THE WORLD 24 Calle David Telephone 22441 i High-class Passenger and Freight Service ■ SAILINGS EVERY 14 DAYS The President Liners Offer SPEED -SERVICE- COURTESY-COMFORT Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, eAmerican Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports. SAILINGS EVERY 14 DAYS ' To SAN FRANCISCO via HONGKONG, SHANGHAI, KOBE, YOKOHAMA and HONOLULU NEXT SAILING 1 PRESIDENT CLEVELAND - - June 16th PRESIDENT PIERCE - - - June 30th THROUGH RATES TO EUROPE | Railway Tickets to all points in America. To BOSTON-NEW YORK via SINGAPORE, PENANG, COLOMBO, SUEZ, PORT SAID, ALEXANDRIA NAPLES, GENOA, MARSEILLES Round— the—World NEXT SAILING PRESIDENT MONROE - - - July 9th PRESIDENT HARRISON - - July 23rd Stopovers will be granted which permit the making of interesting side trips at various points. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Fekcy A. Hill of Munoz Nueva Ecija. Director, Rice Producer* Association, As previously pointed out the pri ces of both palay at the shipping points and rice on the market remain prac tically pegged, the former selling nt from P4.15 to r‘4.20 per cavan of 44 ki los and the latter ar from 1’9.40 to P9.60 per sack of 57'2 kilos. Stocks from Saigon and Siam have however continued to arrive at the same prices, proportion ately, and there is small chance, as before pointed out, of the cereal going higher than 8 to 10 per cent. In one way the overseas import serves to regulate the market price, which is based on world demand and supply, thus giving the consumer his “daily bread” at a reason able price with but little flunctuation. If, supposing that the islands were self-sup porting in this vital cereal, with the tariff removed, we could see that inter-provincially the prices would soar in ratio with supply and produce a “domestic problem” peculiarly its own. However owing to lack of expansion due to natural causes and an adverse climatic condition, there would ap pear no speedy hope of the Philippines becoming self-supporting in rice, which, taken with the factor of increasing popula tion, is itself a problem of the future. It would appear obvious then that the islands should concentrate cn the produc tion of export crops, such as hemp, sugar and copra, all of which crops produced by units of some magnitude have ways and means of bettering their peculiar industrial problems, the first of which is of course agricultural—that of production at lowercosts. That the rice industry is susceptible to this factor, goes without saying, but as a matter of fact little or practically nothing has been done on those lines to benefit the industry as a whole. For example, a study of reducing the 1012 varieties of com mercial palay to some score of standard kinds would be an immense gain to all con cerned. The breeding of these kinds so as to produce them with a thinner hull, would mean also a gain of many millions to the producer, and a relative lowering of prices to both millers and consumers. It is notice able however that many growers of the bearded varieties are discarding them for the un-bearded, as being better yielders. besides putting their product on a more commercial basis, which is a hopeful sign. To show how one oriental country is com ing to the front in the production of rice as a main export crop, the following figures may not be out of the way, for money is, after all, liquid prosperity. Siam is con centrating on rice production and is rapidlyovertaking Indochina and will soon rank second, Burma being a good first. The export in cargo tons of rice for the vear 1923 was 1,373,470; for 1921, 1,314,330; and for last year, 1925, 1,608,770 with a value of 157 millions of ticals. Imports ex ports, and the proportion rice bore to the latter for the same three years is also in teresting, as it shows that the government of this un-educated country takes a national interest in economics. Imports In millions of ticals: Exports. Rice 1923 136 173 143 1924 147 155 124 1925 159 191 157 While Siam has the soil and climatic conditions, plus irrigation, this nevertheless is a solid contribution to national wealth, which has nothing to do with politics what soever. We may also predict for this for tunate country an advance in wealth and higher standards based on real fundamen tals—the wealth cf its greatest natural resource—the soil—plus agricultural pro duction. We might also state that this self evident fact is too patent. People see it without believing it. Sometimes a person is so close to a fact that he cannot see it. HOW TO KNOW THE TARIFF Sixty four years as a publication marks the 1926 edition of the Custom House Guide, just published. Recognized as the omy authoritative and complete information l ook of its kind, accomplished through an inexhaustible search for and a thorough knowledge of customs and shipping needs, today it is found indispensable for the ef ficient conduct of customs, import and ex port business and their allied fields. The United States customs tariff, with all corrections to date, is published in this edition with a special alphabetical index of 20,000 commodities, showing paragraph numbers, rates of duties, Treasury deci sions and abstracts, etc., arranged by cus toms authorities for official use and its publication authorized by the Collector and the Controller of Customs at the Port of New York and the Treasury Department at Washington, a complete and authorita tive compilation. The 1926 edition contains a complete re view cf each principal port in the United States, Porto Rico, Virgin Islands, Philip pine Islands and Canada, giving the customs, port and trade officials, limits, descriptions, port charges, marine data and facilities of each port, in addition to a classified business, directory of represen tative warehousemen, customs and ship THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, LTD. (ESTABLISHED 188 0) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN YEN CAPITAL (PAID UP)............... 100,000,000 RESERVE FUND.................. 86,500,000 UNDIVIDED PROFITS............ 5,805,990 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA K. YABUKI MANAGES PHONE 1759—MANAGER PHONE 1758—GENERAL OFFICE brokers, exporters, importers, banks, rail roads, steamship lines and agents, etc., in each pert, thereby covering thoroughly the entire import and export field. The recognition of the Custom House Guide as an American institution of cus toms, import and export reference has been gained within the past few years through its world wide circulation. Foreign gov ernments, consuls, trade organizations and lusiness houses throughout the world have given it valuable space in their business libraries, making it necessary for the pub lishers to establish branch representations in the principal ports of the world, to handle the growing demand for the Cus tom House Guide service cooperation. Nineteen twenty-six edition, 1,400 pages, 5x7% inches, map insert, $5 postpaid, is published and may be obtained from the Custom House Guide, Custom House, New York. —Reprint from Brooklyn Daily Eagle. ANTI-LOCUST ACTIVITIES Journal readers will recall that the bu reau of agriculture has this year P100,00o for anti-locust work. The locusts have not been doing crops the usual amount of dam age in many provinces; as a consequence there is opposition on the part of provincial officials in some instances to the operations cf the bureau’s inspectors, who are not made welcome. This is said to be true of Bukidncn and Zamboanga, provinces in which breeding places are suspected to exist in the highlands. The bureau is confining its work to scout ing for breeding places of locusts, awaiting the hatching of the eggs, then killing the hoppers. , Work is in progress along this line in the mountains of northern Luzon and in Bohol. The bureau’s agents scout for the breeding places. If these are found, guards are placed until the eggs hatch. The law compels all able-bodied men to turn out for the hopper drives. The present work by no means adequately covers the archipelago. It is in fact unfavorable weather and natural enemies that inhibits locust scourges temporarily. They will be certain to recur. /N RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 How To Grow Rubber Under Philippine Land Laws As They Are: By One Who Does Dr. James W. Strong Vice President and General \l-in<i<;er American Rubber Company (Prom the Mindanao Herald) There is no reason why Americans can ml grow their own rubber. That is, a good portion oi' it. and in the Philippine Islands, and under present conditions. Why not examine the conditions? This article is based on more than twen ty-six years residence in the Philippines, twenty one of which has been in the grow ing of rubber. There is ample unoccupied government land located on the islands of Mindanao, Getting Pa si lan, Jolo, Tawi Tawi and ti „ j ___* Palawan to grow all the rub1 he Land ber America requires. The present land law permits the buying by a corporation of 2,500 acres of agricul tural land and the leasing of an equal amount. This area is a good economic unit for rubber planting. Were it permissible to hold larger areas they would certainly be split up into similar sizes for advan tageous management. Why not start if off in that way? Here is how it could be done, without violation of our land or corpora tion laws. We will presume that 50,000 acres arc to be planted, and that a Syndicate or Rubber Lank to finance it has been formed, wHh the necessary capital, that is, $7,500,000. This should be incorporated under the laws cf the Philippine Islands, for the purpose cf financing and promoting rubber planting, acting as agents and advisers and for such ether purposes as the by laws and corpora tion laws permit. The head of this corporation should be a real executive, and should have on his staff expert planters and agriculturists to act as visiting agents for the various planta tions, financed by the agency cr rubber bank. Expert buyers, accountants, en gineers (civil, mechanical and sanitary) would also be on the staff of the Agency. The Agency would maintain a legal depart ment. Once our Bank or Agency is in working order, Mr. Juan de la Cruz, associated with four other citizens, Filipino or American, having lccated an area of 5.000 acres of PHILIPPINE TRUST COMPANY MOXTE BE PIEDAB BLDG. TELEPHONE 1255 Commercial Banking, both domestic and foreign in all its branches. Collections, Domestic and Foreign Exchange, Savings Accounts, Bond and Trust Facilities. oActs as administrator of estates, or as executor Or trustee under wills, and as trustee under deeds; secures the issuance of corporate bonds, etc. M. H. O’MALLEY. President. MEMBER AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCATION Chase N'utional Bank—New York Correspondent excellent land on, say, the south coast of Pasilan, approaches the Bank as to the possibilities of financing the project. The Agency’s agriculturist inspects the land, their secret service department report favor ably on Mr. Juan de la Cruz and his asso ciates, and the legal department prepares and files the papers for the proposed cor poration. The capital stock should be $750,009. Directors and. officers are elected, and an MpIKaJ nf agreement is entered into by e< oa the C0rp0rati0n whereby the financing Rank underwrites the stock of the corporation, and acts as managing agent for the same. To safeguard the Bank’s interest, the m-.nager and majority of the Board of Directors would be named by the Bank. As soon as the new corpora tion is organized, the land is applied for as purchase and lease. Nine other corporations, organized in the same manner, located at various points on south and east coasts of Basilan, could in this way be served by the agency or bank most efficiently. As the whole business would be in the planting of rubber, all their requirements, would by similar and the agency’s buyer, buying in large quan tities, would cut down costs greatly. All equipment would be standardized, and each plantation would have the benefit of the agency’s planting expert’s advice, engineer ing, legal and medical service at small cost. Each plantation’s accounts would be kept by the agency, and a full interchange of ideas between managers would be main tained. The agency wculd maintain a large launch at headquarters at Zamboanga for transporting supplies and labor to the va rious plantations managed by the Bank. The bank would establish a well equipped hospital at a central location for the joint use of all the plantations at a pro rata charge to each. As the bank would maintain a recruiting agency in the Visayan Islands, suitable farm labor would always be available to the various units and as there would be no “crimping” of labcr by one plantation from another, labcr troubles would be small. All buildings on the various units would Le standardized and business methods co ordinated by the bank. When plantations are in bearing, each estate would produce standard smoked sheet cnly, which would require Getting onlV small power and light Uniform machines. All scrap rubber and unirormbark parings would be sent to (Quality a central cooperative factory for treatment where they would be made into cne standard “compo” crepe grade, and the entire output would be mark ed cooperatively by the agency. The agency cr bank could manage 50 corporations as well as ten, located in other islands. It would only mean additional personnel and cashThe amount of labor required to plant up and bring into bearing 50,000 acres of rubber would, of course, depend on the speed with which it is done, location, class cf land, whether cut over timber, scrub or grass. Abcut 10,000 laborers would be required fcr the work and the whole ten units could be entirely planted up in not Information For Investors Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AHO INDUSTRAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON Co. Cebu, P. /. Cube address “YPIL," Cebu ‘tfe Philippine Guaranty Company, Inc. (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS Por Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance Liberal conditions ocal Investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instalments at ow interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. Manager's Tel. 22110 Main Office Tel. 441 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 more than five years from the start. When in full hearing each unit would require a daily tapping force of 600 tap pers with probably 100 other laborers for general upkeep work and the necessary foremen and factory crew. One American manager and two white assistants would be required on each unit. Probably it w^uld be necessary to recruit seventy-five percent of labor requirements from the northern islands for any location in which work was started. This would be necessary in order not to disturb local labor conditions. Filipino labor is entirely different from any other oriental labor. Here we have no coolie class. The desire of most Filipinos is to eventually secure a Filipinos small piece of land for a NotrnnliMhome- As Mindanao and the I'Mot coolies scuthern iglands havg great areas of unoccupied land and the northern islands are densely populated with very poor people, there is almost an unlimited number of potential laborers anxious to ccme south. In locating plantations ample land should Le left between two or more units and ad joining them for laborers to locate home steads, and it should be one of the man ager’s duties to see that each of his Fili pino staff has a small homestead adjoining the plantation. In this way each unit would surround itself with a potential labor force, in addition to its own resident labor force, and would have little or no labor troubles. The Filipino laborer is very easily led and hard to drive. He understands a square deal, and, on the whole, is intensely loyal and partisan to the “amo” (master) whom he calls the “old one.” Once settled on or adjoining a plantation, he grows to consider himself a part of it. It is true that' the average of $0.50 gold per day without foed is somewhat higher than other oriental countries, but this is more than offset by the far greater effi ciency of the Filipino laborer. One who has watched a gang of Tamil coolies at work on a rubber estate in the Federated Malay States or cn the public roads there, can readily understand this. It. is believed that the government would assist a project of this kind in every way Government’s Attitude ever way. It would open acres of land for small up many thousands cf homeseekers that are now monkey reserves and breeding ground for locusts. It would relieve congested areas and settle up the now unsettled Moro country, and would eventually settle the Moro problem. Thou sands of Christian Filipinos and non Chris tians would be placed under much better sanitary surroundings, and get to know and respect each otherOn rubber estates on Basilan Moros of half a dozen tribes and Christian Filipinos work side by side, play baseball together, and their children sit side by side in the plantation schools, all without friction or trouble of any sort. So much for plantation influence, and it is very great. With normal conditions, that is, no wars nor financial panics, and with cooperative planting as outlined, an acre Production °f rubber should be brougliCosts to the eild the 4th yea-(from planting) for Slol.O') per acre, counting interest at about six per cent. Beginning the 5th year tapping would start over some me-third of the area with a probable output of 100 pounds per acre for the first year and a probable all in cost of $0.30 gold per pound. When all of a unit is in full bearing, say at end of 10th year from planting, with 4800 available acres (200 off for roads, building sites, etc.), the output should be at least 350 pounds per acre with an all in ccst of not more than $0.20 gold per pound. It is not believed that rubber will drop to $0.50 per pound again for a good many years. The Philippines are in a particularly favorable position. A position that should be grasped at once if we are to do any thing toward producing our own rubber Our position is analogous to a manufactur ing industry, producing a world-wide neces sity, with costs cut to the lowest yoint. All plants are using identical machinery and methods, and production costs are pretty much the same all over. Then come in ventors perfecting machines and methods that will produce three to four times the output at the same cost. This being the case it is evident that new factories start ing up with new equipment would be able to produce far more cheaply than the old plants that would have to struggle along with the old equipment, because they cculd not be scrapped. In a rubber plantation it is a well known fact that there is no uniformity as to yield. 75'. < of output is produced by Buddded probably 30 of trees ,plantedd ll °rder to raise the yield per Kubber costs, poor yieldcrs are systematically cut cut, but this takes a long time and is ex pensive. Seed selection has helped in a limited way, but is unsatisfactory as Para rubber flowers are not self-fertilized, and seed from high yielding trees may have been fertilized by a very poor yielder. It is also generally recognized that poor yielders produce far more seed than do good yielders. This being the case it is evident that the problem had to be attacked from a different angle, which our Dutch friends in Java have successfully done, i- e., bud grafting. The method used is very simple. Buds taken from carefully selected high yielding mother trees are shield grafted onto young nursery plants, from six months to tw> years old. The bud is inserted as near the ground as possible, and after the shoot has started the stock is cut off, so that the resulting trunk vzill be a high yielder. By this method the Dutch have succeeded in increasing yields from 350 pounds per acre to as much as 1000 pounds and more per acre, and it don’t cost any more to tap a high yielding tree than a poor yielder. Many hundreds of acres of budded rubber have already been planted out in Sumatra and the Federated Malay States, and it is safe to say that little or no rubber will be planted there in the future except high yielding budded trees. We have an absolutely clean slate here in the Philippines, why not use it? There is ample material at hand, seed for nursery purposes from well grown Native healthy trees, and many thousands of fine, heavy yielding iecnnicaimothei. trees from which bud r ersonnel W00(j cal. be secured. There are many well-trained Filipinos from the College of Agriculture, Univer sity of the Philippines, the best tropical agricultural school ir. the world, who are quite familiar with this sort of work. Arrangements are now going forward toward cooperative research work along this line by one of the present rubber plan tations on Basilan and the Philippine bu reau of agriculture, the benefit of which. WELCH-FAIRCHILD, LTD. SUGAR FACTORS AND EXPORTERS cTMANILA, P. I. Cable Address: WEHALD, Manila Standard Codes Agents Hawaiian-Philippine Company Operating Sugar Central Siluy, Occ. Negros, P. I. Mindoro Sugar Company San Jos*, Mindoro, P. I. Matson Navigation Company San Francisco Magdalena Coconut Co,, Inc., Magdalena, Laguna Oregon Oriental Line Columbia Pacific Shipping Co. Portland New York Agents: Welch, Fairchild & Co., Inc., 135 Front Street San Francisco Agents: Welch & Co., 215 Market Street Congress Hotel A New Building New Furnishings New Management Near Bay, Clubs, Stores. Center of Residential District. Running Hot and Cold Water in All Rooms. Excellent Cuisine. Room and board P140.00 a month and up. 551 M. H. del Pilar Tel. 1094 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 needless to say, would be available to future planters. In this way the Rubber Commission's estimate of a possible 70.000 tons produc tion in the Philippines (which the writer considers very conservative), could be rai-<d to more than 200,000 tons from the same acreage, and with available labor, with materially increased wages, at a less cost than elsewhere, and at a greater pro fit to the investor. This could all be done if we would simply get busy, use our heads for thinking not for talking, especially about Phi lippine conditions, land laws and la bor. The land laws are quite satisfac tory and workable, as outlined above. The best legal talent in the islands have assur ed the writer that the plan is perfectly legal. The labor is available and efficient. 1 have been using it for more than twenty years, and am not guessing. The rubber shortage will begin to pinch real hard abcut the beginning of 1927 and prices will be good for Pinch Due Pteat many years to come, in 1927 Why not get in on the ground floor, help America to pro duce her own rubber, and at the same time have a well paying invest ment? SCIENCE AND THE COMMON FARMER We read and we see much, in these times, of the dependence of great industries on science. In fact many great industries have been established on' recent scientific dis coveries and developments. The relation of the common man to science is not so clearly recognized, and in the less progressive countries no such relation may exist. In the Orient for instance, the common farmer may be still get’ting along after a fashion with the same methods that he has been using for 4,000 years, and with practically no improvement either in his crops or in his mode of life. “Science” is merely a seeking of the truth —the complete, unmistakable, indubitable facts—full and clear knowledge of all factors. Through science have come the modern possibilities of better culture, of Railway—Mate rial Locomotives - (Steam and Alcohol) Track i Permanent and Portable) Cars —(All Types.) Switches, Etc., Etc. Inspection Cars (Hand and Motor) Machinery “Atlas Polar” Diesel Engines. “Skandia” Semi-Diesel Engines. “Pyle National” Turbo Generators. “Asea” Electrical Equipment. Koppel Industrial Car & Equipment Company A. H. BISHOP, Manager Manila lloi’o plant breeding, of fertilization to suit crops and soils—ail meaning larger returns lor tne unit area; and more generous returns, with far greater possibilities for the unit of human labor. From science has come great possibilities in crop insurance against pests and diseases, wmeh up to a few decades ago did not exist in any country and is now developed in but lew. Uncontrolled Nature demands a fearful toll from the ignorant farmer. Here in the Philippines we lose each year some millions of pesos from pests and diseases, yet adequate support for investigation along these lines is unobtainable. By expenditure through the right hands of a tew thousands, Hawaii Territory is constantly averting losses that might easily, if neg.ected, run into millions. Japan claims over-population and inability to produce at home adequate food supplies, but at the same time she allows too large a percentage to pests and diseases and does not support adequate in vestigation, her few over-worked specialists being unable to cope with existing problc-ms for the whole country. Though it must be admitted that, under the highly efficient administration of Doctor Kuwana, Japan maintains the best plant quarantine service in the Orient. China has practically nothing along these lines and suffers tremendous losses accordingly, but the fate of the com mon man means little in China—as yet. Indo-China has but limited service of this sort, and Siam and the British Malayan colonies nothing worthy of the name. In striking contrast, Java maintains a very active Institute for Plant Diseases where the highest class work is constantly in progress. Java also has, besides this, num bers of the highest class specialists obtain able, in the various cognate lines. We talk of the material development of the Philippines as if it was a matter only of business—of 'attraction of capital. We should not forget what the years have clearly taught in America and Europe, that there can be in the long run no safety whatever *in agriculture investment, without the essential technical—scientific—service that may throw new light on every pro blem, and may furnish the only reasonable insurance and security that agriculture— “the greatest gamble on earth”—may have. After needed and adequate knowledge is secured, it must then be taught to the whole population through every educational means available from lowest to highest. This road is the only "royal road to wealth and well-being”—a pathway broad, plain, and clearly sign-posted. ' In the Orient, to a very large exaent, we wander in meandering and tortuous by-paths that lead to no positive results. More needed, than all the political arguing and self seeking, is constructive action that will result in putting us on the right road—in the way of definite material progress for the common man and of hone for all! Charles Fuller Baker Dean, College of Agriculture IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE, AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 STATISTICAL REVIEW The New WOODSTOCK Speed Model The machine to be preferred is the one that will produce the greatest volume of acceptable work with the least effort. LESS PARTS LESS REPAIRS EASY TO CLEAN FRANK’S —Stationers 137 ESCOLTA Rubber and Metal Stamps $alr ^Itlsru DELICIOUSLY REFRESHING Sold at American Chamber Bar IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 I* 2.800.36-1 April, 1 BYING TRADE. IMPORTS. PA^t^.cx: ss ry......................... BOpOrkinted,mat?elreI Cars and carriages. AutomobilVtires’" 1.7 American British Japanese Dutch German Norwegi Philippine Spanish . French . , Chinese . Swedish Finnish . Russian . By Freight By Mail .. Nationality EXPORTS. 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1926 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Phone 72 363 Raon J. P. Scanlan OFFICE SUPPLIES-ANTIQUE FURNITURE Beds, Dressers, Wardrobes, Tables, Chairs, etc. Philippines Cold Stores Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Re frigerated Produce. STORES AND OFFICES CALLE ECHAGUE, MANILA, P. I. B. A. GREEN REAL ESTATE Improved and Unimproved City, Suburban and Provincial Properties Expert valuation, appraisement and reports on real estate Telephone 507 34 Escolta Cable Address: “BAG" Manila Manila Philippine Islands Derham Building Phone 1819 Manila P. 0. Box 2103 Morton & Ericksen, Inc. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING MARINE AND CARGO SURVEYORS SWORN MEASURERS Macleod & CompanyManila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for International Harvester Co. Agricultural Machinery ROSENBERG’S GARAGE i I TELEPHONE 209 i CHUA YAP Phone 1891 ' 718 Ave. Rizal Manufacturer of PLATE GLASS SHOW CASES and VENETIAN MIRRORS SILVERING & BEVELLING HANSON & ORTH, Inc. MANILA, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-513 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 22418 j BRANCHES: j New York — London — Merida — Davao S. W. STRAUS & CO. BON DS J. A. STIVER P. O Box 1394 Telephone 653 121 Real, Intramuros, MANILA Forty-four years without a dollar loss to any investor. 8 HOUR BATTERY SERVICE Caro Electrical Service Automobile Electrical Work our Specialty". 110 Padre Faura Phone. 65 and 56944 P. O. Box 1394 Telephon e 65 J. A STIVER Attorney at Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real. Intramuros Manila. P.I Sanitary - Convenient - Satisfactory! FIVE EUROPEAN BARBERS LA MARINA BARBER SHOP 117 Plaza Goiti Jose Cortina, Prop. MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional, Manila COAL CONTRACTORS COCONUT OIL MANUFACTURERS MILL LOCATED AT CEBU FOR LATEST STYLES IN GENTS' CLOTHING. GO TO Mr. Manuel valentine Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence & Co. 16 Years Experience on High Class Garments 244 Plaza 3ta. Cruz Phone 5390 Manila M. J. B. The Quality Coffee F. E. Zuellig, Inc. Cebj, Manila, Iloilo Garage Repairing, Painting, Upholstering, Body Building, Electrical Work, etc. Cars stored at reasonable rates Phone 1912. 548 to 55 1 San Luis, Ermita. . Quality ffi Shirts 3k TOYO shirt factory 1044 A ICAR RAG A' MAN ILA. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL (OWNED BY THE NATIONAL CITY BAHN OF NEW YORN) CAPITAL [paid in cash] ......................................................U. S. $5,000,000.00 SURPLUS and UNDIVIDED PROFITS - - U. S. $9,000,000.00 Head Office - - - - 60 Wall St., New York BRANCHES Barcelona Cebu Kobe Peking Singapore Batavia Dairen London Rangoon Tientsin Bombay Hankow Madrid Calcutta Harbin Manila San Francisco Tokyo Canton Hongkong Osaka Shanghai Yokohama Commercial Banking and Foreign Exchange Current accounts opened, savings and fixed deposits received in pesos and other currencies at favorable rates. Manila Office................................................ Pacific Building iS. illiams, Manager /V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL cTHanila Cigars Hand-made long filler Cigars The “Smofie” that satisfies For satisfaction, THE SMOKER should smoke MANILA CIGARS. They please the most delicate taste; they do not cause any disagreeable after-effects of smoking such as those of other “smokes”. FOR PROFITS, THE DEALER should carry MANILA CIGARS—cigars that sell themselves on account of their unexcelled qualities. These cigars are made of selected tobacco, have pleasing aroma, are of excellent burn, and satisfying taste. MANILA CIGARS are of various sizes and classes. They challenge comparison price for price anywhere. LIST OF DISTRIBUTORS FURNISHED ON REQUEST cAddress: CHARLES A. BOND Philippine Tobacco Agent 15 William Street, New York City, U. S. A. or THE COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE (^Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL