The American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 7, No.1 (January 1927)

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 7, No.1 (January 1927)
Issue Date: Vol. 7, No.1 (January 1927)
Year: 1927
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extracted text: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS January, 1927 h/L \ (u \ u \ American Naval Fleet in the Far East Para Rubber Trees Twenty Years Old in Sulu Schools Reply: Co-operation and Agricultural Advancement Every Item in the Public Works Appropriations Vital to En gineers and Contractors Breeding Better Philippine Cattle Editorials Arrivals of Copra by Rail and Water During Five Years E. L. Powell, “A. P.” The Man Who Brightened Our Daily Papers Current Comment of Current Interest and Permanent Value I I R O S I T A S THE INIMITABLE CIGARETTES Now Sold for i REMEMBER: That the price of ROSITAS has been changed, but the quality remains the same Buy a package today SMOKE R O S I T A S MANILA RAILROAD SERVICE BAGUIO WEEK-END NIGHT TRAINS NORTH HOUND TRAIN SOUTH BOUND TRAIN *a. m: » m.‘X «“:S 1: m. All Baguio Night Trains include spacious, modern sleeping and Buffet cars with bathrooms and all conveniences of de Luxe travel. These trains also carry ordinary First and Third class coaches and baggage car. Dining Service on the Baguio Night Special Trains is operated by the MANILA HOTEL COMPANY. RATE S K . ■ P17.6O P < 1 Express rates on automobile from Manila to Damortis when owner is holder of one or more 1st class tickets: ”0, ‘ Transportation between Damortis and Baguio is a direct connection by the Benguet Auto Line constituting a regular and comfortable service at established rates and is provided for in all through tickets sold by the Manila Railroad Company. For North bound trip Sleeping Car reservation should be made and tickets purchased at Tutuban Station, or American Express Company, Inc., Plaza Moraga, and for South Bound trip at Benguet Auto Line Office, Baguio. BOAT CONNECTION WITH BICOL EXPRESS Two boats are now operating daily, the S. S. BICOL and S. S. MAYON, except Sunday, between ALONEROS and PASACAO, providing quick through service for passenger, express and freight between Manila and points reached by Railroad in the Bicol provinces. Write for copy of new Folder containing complete Time Tablesand information concerning important points reached by Railroad. CENTRAL STATION AND OFFICES MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY Telephone 4-98-61 943 Azcarraga IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Wishing You A HAPPY AND PROSPEROUS NEW YEAR 1927 The Standard of Excellence STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF NEW YORK CEBU MANILA BAGUIO ILOILO ZAMBOANGA LEGASPI IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 r ! How Many of the Following Questions Can You Answer? i These questions arise every day and are important when they arise. Thousands of others equally important are springing up every day. 1. Who is the manager of the L. B. Kidwell Lumber Co.? 2. Is Benito Marcelo a director of the Katubusan Cigar and Cigarette Factory? 3. Who owns the Pickett Harness Co.? 4. Where does the owner of the Pickett Harness Co. live? 5. What other business is the owner of the Pickett Harness Co. engaged in? 6. What is the address of Poon Ka 8s Co.? 7. What is their line of business? 8. Who owns the Plaza Hotel? 9. Who are the agents for the Harley-Davidson Motor Co.? 10. Who are the agents for the Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Co.? 11. Sy Yin Ngo—What is his business? Where is his office? 12. What business is Soo Chow engaged in? What is his telephone number? 13. What is the post office box of the Solocan Development Co.? 14. What firms in Manila manufacture beds? 15. What are the important firms handling bicycles? 16. Give the names of five prominent physicians, five lawyers. 17. How many steamship companies are represented in Manila? 18. Give the name of a good sign painter. 19. What is the name of the laundry at 303 Mabini, Ermita? 20. Where can you get nickel plating done? 21. Who is the president of the municipality of Bacolod, Occidental Negros? 22. What is the name of the secretary? 23. Who is the governor of Mindoro? 24. What is the name of the provincial commander? 25. Is Castor Banes a councillor in the municipality of Bangued, Abra? 26. Where does the Masonic Lodge Dalisay No. 14 meet? Who is the worshipful ■ master? I 27. What is the name of the director of the Colegio de San Jos6? I 28. Name two important clubs in Zamboanga. 29. Are there any boat clubs in Manila? What are their names? 30. What are the names of the directors of the Nacionalista Party? I 31. What charitable society takes care of tubercular patients? j 32. How many branches of the Y. M. C. A. are there in Manila? 33. Who is the commander on the U. S. S. Isabel? 34. Who is the commanding officer at Camp Stotsenburg? 35. Who is the head of the medical department in the Army? 36. What is the name of the city treasurer of Manila? 37. Who is the city engineer? 38. Where does the mayor of Manila live? 1 39. Who is the assistant director of posts? ! 40. Is there any telegraph office at Bangued, Abra? ; 41. Can a man at La Paz, Abra, buy a postal money order there? I 42. What is the duty on cut diamonds imported into the Philippines? i 43. What were our sugar exports in 1924? In 1925? | 44. What is the population of Lingayen? 45. Where is Callejon de Caridad? ROSENSTOCK’S MANILA CITY DIRECTORY ' ANSWERS EVERY QUESTION HERE People who want the answers to these questions look in ROSEN STOCK’S MANILA CITY DIRECTORY, where they know they will find them. A book consulted as much as Rosenstock’s Directory is a valuable advertising medium. Are you properly, represented in it? Phone 22131 for a representative to call. PHILIPPINE EDUCATION CO., Inc. Proprietors and Publishers 101 Escolta Phone 22131 INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON GO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu. FOR SALE Second Hand Machinery One Alternator, 250 KW; 2200 volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase, direct connected to cross compound Hamilton-Corliss Engine 12-24X36; with generator panel and rheostat. Two 100 KW Alternators; 2200 volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase; belted, 18" pulley; direct connected exciters; with gen erator panels. Two Venn-Severin Crude Oil Engines, 60 H.P. each. One Worthington surface condenser, 400 H.P. One Scotch Marine Boiler, 400 H.P. 50—100-kilo Ice cans; new. (Knocked down.) 4 Galvanized steel brine tanks; 2500 kilo capacity each; ammonia fittings. Steam pipe and fittings up to 10". Tube bender for sterling boiler tubes. Tube cleaner, Lagonda, water driven, for 4" tubes; with extra parts, new. Steam and Oil separator. Steam Traps. Marine Engines: (1 Union, 50 H.P., distilate) (1 Quayle, 25-35 H.P., crude oil.) Meters, Electric, Transformers. For Prices, etc., Apply BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, or Iloilo IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL We eAmerican Chamber of Commerce Journal PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (Member, Che of Commerc States) Page Page E. L. Powell: “A. P.” in Manila................................................ 5 Para Rubber Trees Twenty Years Old in Sulu....................... 6 Popular Right Gained............................................................... 6 American Naval Fleet in Far East (By Walter Robb).............. 7 Progress in Breeding Better Philippine Cattle (Dr. Stanton Youngberg)............................................................................ 8 Public Works Budget: Every Item Therein..................... 9 Editorials: Extravagant Warehouse License Taxes....................... 10 Mr. Perez Defends the Schools........................................... 10 About the Postal Service.............................................. 10 More Use of Machinery........................................................ 10 After Five O’Clock: Speaking Personally................................... 11 Cooperation and Agricultural Advancement (By Gilbert S. Perez)....................................................................................... 12 Philippine Commerce in 1837 (From the Centennial Brochure of Wise and Company)......................................................... 14 Glancing Around in Siberia (By Junius B. Wood)............... 16 Quo Vadis, Domine? A Provinciano on the Schools........... 17 Review of December Business: Exchange (By Stanley Williams)..................................... 21 Copra and Its Products (By E. A. Seidenspinner).......... 21 Rice (By Percy A. Hill)...................................................... 22 Real Estate (By P. D. Carman)...................................... 22 Shipping (By H. M. Cavender)........................................ 24 Manila Hemp (By L. L. Spellman)................................. 26 Sugar (By George H. Fairchild)...................................... 26 Rail Commodity Movements (By M. D. Royer)........... 28 ^Tobacco (By P. A. Meyer)................................................. 28 Lumber, November (By Florencio Tamesis)................. 29 Statistical Review of Commerce: Imports and Exports from and to Atlantic and Pacific The Vineyard (Kipling’s New Rhyme that Made Folks Angry), 20 Ports by Nationality of Carrying Vessels................... 30 Principal Exports................................................................... 31 Principal Imports................................................................... 31 Port Statistics......................................................................... 31 Carrying Trade....................................................................... 31 Foreign Trade by Countries................................................ 31 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 — Commercial Printing is a silent but Powerful Messenger Your letter heads, bill heads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that “feeling of confidence”. Our reputation for producing GOOD PRINTING has been earned and merits your patronage. McCullough Printing Company 424 Rizal Ave. Phone 800 Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. ! -------l j I Lightering, Marine Contractors j i j Towboats, Launches, Waterboats , I , Shipbuilders and Provisions SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 302 Port Area PERFORMANCE The test of a typewriter is in its performance. The logical choice should be the machine that turns out the best work with the least effort— —that seldom needs repairs and costs little in upkeep —that outsells all other typewriters three to one— —that is universally acknowledged the world’s leader —that typewriter is the— UNDERWOOD STANDARD The Machine You Will Eventually Buy” SMITH, BELL & CO., Ltd. Exclusive Distributors for the Philippines Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Building Manila, P. I. Ynchausti Rope Factory Manufacturers of high grade Manila Ropes Contractors to the U. S. Army and Navy and the Philippine Islands Government (Complete stocks carried by Messrs. Guy T. Slaughter & Co., of 210 California Street, San Francisco, Cal.) Prices and Samples Mailed on Request YNCHAUSTI Y CIA. 945 M. DE LA INDUSTRIA MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL E. L. Powell: Put Islands on Telegraph News Map Something about the Man who Brightened Our Daily Papers E. L. Powell E. L. Powell, Assoitated Press representceive, left Manila, De cember 20, for a pro longed loaf around the world and the first few months’ enjoyment of life as a retired “A. P.” man, a reward richly earned by Powell during more than thirty years of the most conscientious devotion to duty of the highest type, the initia tion, supervision and distribution of “A. P.” news, telegraph and mail. More than six years of that duty had been performed in Manila. Its exactions were such that Powell himself did not become widely known in the community or in the islands,—where, how ever, he traveled when he could,—but there is not a man or woman reading the news in any language here but who owes Powell an abiding debt of gratitude. The Journal purposes that this shall be known and widely, recognized. Officials indeed, Fili pinos no less than Americans, do recognize it; and leading Filipino officials were not tardy, upon Powell’s departure, in assuring him of their sincere appreciation of his always fair and always unbiased procedure with the news. The Manila Daily Bulletin recapitulated the eloquent facts in one of the best editorials it ever published, and from the hand of the editor, ■j Roy C. Bennett, who had not only had to do with Powell and his work in Manila, but had, on the Philadelphia Bulletin, been on the ?desk getting Powell’s mail and telegraph news 1 from the islands. There were, of course, general y acknowledgments from the Manila press, and the J privilege of toasting Powell at press gatherings L, in his honor. For the Journal's purposes it will be sufficient to crib from Bennett’s remarks. But before doing so it is well to recall where Powell began, to be compared more easily by the reader with what his daily paper is today in the matter of news from abroad. Prior to the World War the newspapers of Manila had a joint relay service from Reuters at Hongkong. The rate was 20 centavos per word. Supplementary to this they had the Ostasiastische Lloyd service. The one was pre occupied with European affairs generally, the other with continental affairs, especially with the Germany beginning with Bismarck and ending with Versailles. Reference to the files of the period would reveal the deficiencies of these media of news for Manila. They were in fact so grossly deficient that individual papers had their special correspondents in Washington, filing not more than fifty words a day at the prohibitive rate of 37 cents gold per word. Then, during the war, came the establishment of the trans-Pacific Naval Radio Service with the construction of the stations at Guam, Pearl Harbor and Canacao (Cavite). Newspapers began receiving over this air line the telegraph flimsy of George Creel’s committee, the Com mittee on Public Information. It was free, of course, and served the purpose for which intend ed. It ended with the war of which it was deem ed to be a necessary auxiliary. When in 1918 V. S. McClatchy, Sacramento newspaper man and an officer of the Associated Press, visited Manila, he saw the deplorable situation in which the press weltered for want of an adequate news service from abroad. Both his sympathies and his interest were enlisted in the islands’ behalf; so that, upon his going to Washington after his return to the United States, a California senator put through a joint resolution establishing a press news rate at the mere cost of transmission (or perhaps less) over the naval radio. This made it possible for the newspapers of Manila to arrange with the Associated Press for the establishment of an office in Manila and the sending daily and regularly to Manila, and out of Manila, of mail and radio and cable messages adequately covering the news of the day. The arrangement, which has been renew ed from time to time, expires June 30 unless prior to the adjournment of Congress March 4 an other extension be granted. It applies, of course, to all press news and is not in any sense a mo nopoly of the Associated Press. It has, for in stance, resulted in the advent in Manila of the United Press, and the residence here at all times of correspondents for various press services, as well as the frequent visiting here of many special correspondents. It enabled the correspondents with the Thomp son mission to file in the fullest manner on all news incident to that mission’s sojourn in the islands. L. E. Claypool Having decided upon a Manila office, the Associated Press, not to do things by halves, sent Powell to have charge of it. His whole adult life had been spent in the service of the “A. P.” up to that time; his reputation for know ing what is news and what is something else had long been estab lished; he was therefore eminently the man to be sent to the difficult Manila post, and in his more than six years of service here not an instance occurred to gainsay in any way whatever the judgment of the “A. P.” in assigning him to the Manila office, of which he, a fill-in night editor and a messenger-typist were the entire force. But consideration was given not to the size of the office, but to the size of the job. The job was quite rightly, and most fortunately, too, rated big enough for- a man of Powell’s calibje. This calibre, during the war, had proved big enough for the night-editor’s post in Chicago, chief relay station of the “A. P.”, where Powell had an officeful of men under him. It had also been big enough for the command of the western circuit out of New York at an earlier period. Powell, graduated from the University of Oregon in 1887, had gone down to San Francisco that summer and begun with the “A. P.” He had proved the master of every assignment given him, and, having risen rapidly, had been for years in the more responsible posts in the offices in San Francisco, Chicago and New York as occasion seemed to call for his abilities in one place or the other. And now Bennett: “E. L. Powell has been a factor in the forma tion of an intelligent public opinion in America and abroad on the Philippines. The millions of persons who have read the dispatches he sent, who have accepted as true and uncolored the I One-Ton Truck Chassis - - Pl,000.00 One-Ton Truck Chassis with Starter .... 1,125.00 Delivered at our Manila Warehouse Solve Your 1927 Haulage and Delivery Problems With Trucks! They are sturdy, economical and reliable Ask us how you can own a Ford on the Easy Installment Plan. Manila Trading & Supply Company MANILA ILOILO CEBU BACOLOD LEGASPI PULUPANDAN i ' IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 facts reported in them, do not know E. L. Powell. Those dispatches have been distributed to news papers throughout the United States and abroad, * * * without a line or mark to indicate their authorship, * * * but the organiza tion through which they were distributed knew the character of the man who wrote them. Those who direct that organization know what manner of newspaper man he is. * * * The esteem and prestige going with absolute confi dence in his work has been the just reward for the sendee he has rendered for more than thirty years with the Associated Press. * * ♦ No other living person has made so large a contri bution to an intelligent public opinion on the Philippines as has E. L. Powell.” Now when Powell went down to San Fran cisco from Portland, with his sheepskin from Eugene in 1887, it was not his intention to go into newspaper work at all; he had business in mind. He was young, life opening before him. He could choose. Meanwhile, looking about for what best to do, an “A. P.” job turned up. He took it, and it only ended with the granting of his retirement and his leaving Manila the 20th ultimo for a progress through the East, Australia and points west governed entirely by his own Para Rubber Trees Twenty Years Old in Sulu Ten Thousand Acre Tracts Available For Para Planting In view of the present agitation for the planting of rubber, it might be of interest to know that the Province of Sulu has what are supposed to be the oldest para rubber trees growing in the Philippines, save the first plantings on Basilan. These trees are growing on what is known as the Schuck Estate. They are now nearly twenty years old and the largest is 222 centimeters in circumference. Experts in the production of para rubber, including Henry Firestone, Jr., Mr. C. F. Vance of the Rubber Commission of 1923, and Mr. Romain, a representative of the Goodyear Rubber Corporation in Sumatra, have seen these trees. All pronounce them trees showing a growth equal to or better than any other trees in the Philippines. While expert opinion as to the suitability of any particular locality for the planting of rubber is of inestimable value to prospective investors, such opinions are not half so valuable as concrete evidence of actual healthy growing trees that have reached the age these trees in Jolo have reached. The soil of the larger islands of Sulu has been pronounced by all those who have visited this place as ideal rubber soil. The rainfall is ade quate for the production of rubber, particularly on the islands of Jolo and Tawi-tawi. As areas available for large plantations, there might be mentioned the grant of about 4,096 hectares to the Sultan and the other members of his family, under the provisions of Act No. 2722 as amended by Act No. 3118. Adjoining this area there is at least another 4,000 hectares of good land, equal in quality to the land grant of the Sultan and his family. This is almost entirely cogon area. Only small sections have a scattered growth of teak. Old extant records show a considerable export of wild rubber from Tawi-tawi in former days. This island is almost entirely public domain. The general character of the soil and the rainfall are also about the same as that of the island of Jolo. This island contains an area almost equal to that of the island of Jolo, or an area of more than 650 square kilometers. Practically this entire island is suited for the production of para rubber. It is covered with a comparatively light growth of forest which could be cheaply cleared. It is better watered by streams than the island of Jolo and possesses a larger number of good harbors. On the west coast, at Dos Amigos and Tataan, there are land-locked harbors. Batobato bay, on the east coast, also furnishes excellent protection from all winds and contains a depth of water sufficient for the largest steamers. Good anchorages are inclination as to when he wishes to arrive in New York next summer. Merited recompense for thirty years during which, day and night, he was at the instant call of the Morse key and the doings of the great and near-great who rate a place in world news. “Well, at the end of it all, were you young and had your decision to make again, would it be the same?” he was asked at one of the farewell luncheons. “I believe I would. It has all been interesting. Something else might bring one more money, but sufficient money is enough; and there never has been a time when I had to drive myself to work for lack of real interest in what there was to do.” Powell’s successor in Manila is L. E. Claypool. He is younger, not forty yet, and a graduate of the University of Kansas. His newspaper career began with four years on the Kansas City (Mo.) Post; then there was a wanderlust period when he extended his university training by travel and worked on the big sheets of the West and South west as far east as Indianapolis and Chicago. He went with the “A. P.” six years ago and has represented that organization in Denver, Chicago, San Francisco and the northwest offices.—W. R. Sulu Rubber Trees also found on the east coast at Buan and Dungun. Bongao, at the southern end of Tawitawi, is also an excellent harbor. The labor supply in southern Sulu is unques tionably more abundant than in any other part of Mindanao and Sulu. As compared with other sections of the Philippines, Sulu is quite densely populated, containing a density of popu lation df about 167 per square mile or 86 per square kilometer. These people are law-abiding and peaceful. They are unquestionably quite as dependable laborers as could be found in any part of the Philippines. There is certainly no other section of the Philippines freer from crimes of violence than southern Sulu. The unfor tunate reputation which Sulu has gained for crimes of violence is a reputation largely made for the province by the Joloano Moro, that is, the Moro of the island of Jolo and adjacent islands. The government has already begun encour aging the planting of rubber on a small scale in various parts of Tawi-tawi. Little difficulty would be experienced in securing seed for start ing a large plantation. This section of the Philippines is free from typhoons, or heavy monsoon winds. There are also no extremes of climate. The rainfall is equally distributed throughout the year, there being no distinct dry or rainy season. POPULAR RIGHT GAINED J. A. Stiver, an attorney-at-law and certified public accountant of Manila, recently instituted proceedings in the court of first instance to determine the point as to whether or not a citizen may file a criminal complaint with the courts in cases where upon preliminary investi gation the city fiscal refuses to file such a com plaint. In the proceedings instituted by him, which were to enjoin the city fiscal and judge of the municipal court, defendants pleaded that under existing law only the fiscal is empowered to file criminal complaints. On this vital point Judge C. A. Imperial ruled as follows: “The complaint alluded to in Art. 13, General Order No. 58, as it has been amended, is one which has been presented directly before a court of competent jurisdiction, and (the article cited) cannot refer to complaints presented by the city fiscal. In this city the fiscal is authorized to hold a preliminary investigation with the object of determining where a crime or offense has been committed and if he should proceed to file a complaint. When he decides not to file a com plaint because no proofs exist or they are deemed by him to be insufficient, no method exists to compel him to file a complaint. In such a case the aggrieved party should go to the court of competent jurisdiction and present directly a formal complaint or accusation.” It would appear, therefore, that in this deci sion, when and if favorably ruled upon by the high court, an important right is reserved to the public, particularly in matters where guilt or innocence depends upon the elucidation of highly technical evidence. Such cases, estafa, malfeasance, criminal breach of trust, as on the part of an attorney-in-fact, may often arise in business. It seems, then, that when they do arise the mere opinion of the fiscal based upon his preliminary examination need not be taken as final. The complaint may be duly filed even against his opinion. In the test proceedings, injunction was denied. Stiver had been unable to file a complaint because the court officials believed no one but the fiscal could file them. Judge Imperial ruled this to be erroneous. U. S. FLEET EXPENDITURES When the fleet is on station here expenditures on its account “for operation, pay, provisions and purchases of stores ashore” run to $450,000 gold a month—or did for December, as follows: Flagship (Huron or Pittsburgh,) $80,000; Submarine Divisions, $116,000; Destroyers, $100,000; Black Hawk, $85,000; Jason, $36,000; Pecos, $15,000; Mine Sweepers, $18,000; Total, $450,000. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 The American Naval Fleet in the Far East By WALTER ROBB The U. S. armored cruiser Pittsburgh came quietly but proudly into port three weeks ago. She dropped anchor in the roadstead among the other ships of the American Asiatic Fleet and nearby the cruiser Huron, sister ship, which the Pittsburgh relieves as the fleet flagship. Aside then from having as her commander Captain George W. Steele, Jr., lately commander of the Naval Air Station at Lakehurst, the Pittsburgh is the home and office of Admiral Clarence S. Williams and the officers of his staff. Admiral Williams, commanding the Asia tic Fleet, is the senior admiral of the American navy; he is a sea-dog who has earned his stars with much honorable and creditable service; he is a commander under whom men even of the highest abilities, such men as Captain Steele, delight to serve. The Huron, formerly the South Dakota, has been the flagship of the Asiatic Fleet since 1919. She came out to the Far East via Panama with Admiral Albert Gleaves, then taking command of the fleet, and his staff aboard, seven years ago; and it was about that time that the status of American naval forces on this station was raised from that of a squadron to that of a fleet. The station extends from Behring Strait to Australia, eastward as far as Guam and westward as far as the eastern coasts of Africa and Asia, the home port being Manila, where the winter rendezvous is made and the annual practice carried out, and the principal field of duty being the China coast. The Pittsburgh and the Huron are two of the six cruisers of their type and size, about 15,000 tons, authorized by Congress along in 1903-04-05. About the same time, four larger cruisers of 16,000 tons each were also authorized. One of these is now the Seattle, flagship of the American Fleet, under the command of Admiral C. F. Hughes, now at New York. During America’s participation in the Great War, the Pittsburgh and the Huron did convoy duty, and troop transport duty after the armistice. During the earlier period of the war they did raider duty and carried out other assignments necessary to America’s conduct as a neutral and her guardianship of the Monroe doctrine. The personnel complement of a ship of this type, size and armament is about 900 men and 40 officers. Captain Y. S. Williams, commanding the Huron, is, however, taking with him back to the United States, where the Huron is going out of commission, a slightly larger number of men and officers—those who have been trans ferred from other ships to the Huron for the return trip because their two-year tours of duty on the Asiatic station have expired or are about to expire. New men and officers have come out on the Pittsburgh, many of the men having reshipped solely because of the prospect of detail to the Asiatic station, which they prefer above the others. In the Asiatic Fleet besides the flagship Pitts burgh are. the Asheville and the Sacramento; six gunboats of the Yangtze River Patrol, and two of the South China Patrol; the Blackhawk, destroyer tender, and the Paul Jones, squadron leader; three destroyer squadronsof six destroyers each, divisions 39, 43 and 45, and an equipment of submarines and tenders and aircraft squadrons. This fleet is supplemented by the Cavite and Olongapo naval stations, the 16th U. S. Naval District, with their shops, drydock, hospital, etc., and Marine forces. Then there is the Naval Radio Service, with stations at Los Banos and Cavite (Canacao), the Legation Guard at Peking, China, and the Naval and Marine forces on Guam, America’s island in the Marianas under the administration of the Navy, where there are radio and cable relay stations enabling the Navy and the Commercial Pacific Cable Company to maintain instant telegraphic communication across the Pacific and throughout the world, and to accommodate the press with Fifty years after American trade began in the Far East most ships were not larger than the one shown here, the Kiimauv, 300 or 400 tons, that hauls lum ber and logs to Manila from the provinces Guam, small and producing very little wealth, seems an incongruous insular appendage of the United States. In a sense this may be true; and the difficulties of defending her are quite generally admitted. However, when Guam was acquired a Belgian syndicate held the monopolistic privilege of laying all cable lines westward out of Japan; the American company could not therefore lay its line along the Great Circle route, but had to lay it via Guam and Manila and extend its branches accordingly. Even so recently, 1898, Japan’s sovereignty suffered from infringements effected during the predatory period from 1860 to 1898, when the United States, neglecting Pacific commerce and forfeiting preeminence in the Orient, had been reduced to an unfluential position—with loss of prestige to herself and loss of territorial integrity to her friends. The panic of 1893 over and trade expanding so as to elevate the importance of markets abroad, America again began giving the Orient earnest attention and decided, after Dewey’s victory at Manila, May 1, 1898, to retain the Philippines. China had already been carved by the Powers into spheres of influence and outright conces sions, but the Powers’ ambitions were by no means satiated. The Orient bristled with naval armaments each of more than 55,000 tons, and on August 13, when the Americans occupied Manila, the tonnage of German ships alone then in Manila harbor exceeded that of the American blockading squadron. The ships were here, too, as Diedrichs told Dewey, “by order of the Kaiser, sir.” Fortu nately it was the old kaiser, not Wilhelm II, who was much quicker on the trigger than his father. It is regrettable that this paper must be brief; otherwise a flood of light could here be thrown upon America’s demand upon Spain in Paris for the outright cession of the Philippines. But suffice it to say that the acquisition was in behalf of peace and political stability in the Orient, and above all other considerations, in behalf of Japan and China. Acquisition of the Philippines by America (who at the outset thought only of Manila, and then only of Luzon, and only finally and quite tardily of the whole archipelago) averted a clash of the Powers in the Orient and dismemberment of the islands. England’s help at Manila is well known. America makes no alliances, but, just this side of an alliance, she, England and Japan worked in harmony. America had been dealing with the Orient since 1784 without acquiring a port or an acre of foreshore. Her commissioner to China, Humphrey Marshall, restated in 1853 the policy which had been consistent with her from the beginning—which was prior to the close of the Revolution: “The highest interests of the United States are involved in sustaining China—maintaining order here, and gradually engrafting on this worn-out stock the healthy principles which give life and health to governments, rather than to see China become the theater of widespread anarchy, and ultimately the prey of European ambition.” The same policy prevailed in respect to Japan, which Perry, with a fleet to command, forced open to commerce with the West in 1858, to take the date of the treaty for base. Adherence to this policy explains everything paramount in American affairs in the Far East: the refusal of grants and concessions, the aloofness from alliances (often tempered with cooperation, but sometimes hardened with independent action), the convention at Portsmouth, sup pression of the Boxer disturbance in 1901 without a declaration of war or treaties of peace; and the Philippine policy, the heartening of the Chinese at Versailles and their further encour agement in Washington—until finally, December 27, or two weeks past. Downing Street itself acknowledges it will join with the United States in conceding China’s right to tariff au tonomy. The mixed court in Shanghai winds up its affairs and gives place to a native bench. It was with the acquisition of the Philippines that America was able to reassert her State and Naval policy in the Far East: the integrity of nations, the right of trade on equal terms and the right of domicile under conditions of security, which last is coupled with religious toleration. It is, of course, a selfish policy; America has simply always believed that her best advantages were in this direction and not in another; and her apparent departure from the policy, to acquire the Philippines, was not truly a departure but only the means taken to adhere with suf ficient effect to the major policy laid down in behalf of trade and the commingling of Eastern and Western culture. The world today observes a China still dis turbed by serious domestic conflicts, and sees in China Soviet Russia clothed in the conquering mantle of the tzars; but it is a China that is steadily getting back her territories, with the danger of dismemberment quite past. Tea and silk on equal terms, imports sold on equal terms, and no depredations upon a distraught nation which must be patiently led to its assigned post in the modern world: that is why the American THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 Asiatic Fleet makes winter rendezvous in Manila and tries its prowess over the adjacent target ranges, and why, always aware of the unbroken State policy, it aids in keeping China’s great rivers well plowed commercial furrows. America has a Monroe doctrine in the East as well as the West. The flagship Pittsburgh sports a huge “E” on her forward smokestack which her approach ing target practice will determine whether she can hold or not for another year. It is akin to the plate on her forward turret, “awarded Progress in Breeding Better Philippine Cattle By Dr. Stanton Youngberg, Director of Agriculture The way to breed bet ter cattle anywhere is to use better breeding stock, and the conve nient way of doing this in the Philippines as elsewhere is to put bet ter bulls with the herds and keep all scrubs run off the range or fenced out of the pastures. More beef and milk per head is wanted. The is lands could, by pro ducing all their own beef, reduce their imports by more than P400.000 per month. This is compamight also be possible, though much later, to eliminate the bill for imported dairy products, about P450.000 per month. Anyway, the beef-milk type recommends itself highly for the problem the islands have to solve and the profits men would have from help ing in the solution. Ayrshire bulls are among the best that could be utilized to raise the quality of our cattle. Native cows have none of the requirements of either beef or milk breeds; their resistance to disease, too, is not as high as that of Indian cattle breeds. Nevertheless, they are good rangers and, when bred to bqlls of pure blood, or even improved blood, they mother male calves making much heavier steers and heifer calves bound to make fair- milkers. The second step up will show corresponding improvement; a few years’ careful attention to breeding will transform any herd, even of the scrubbiest original stock. The public will find the bureau of agriculture ready to help in its experiments to obtain better breeds of cattle. Breeders should, of course, keep in touch with the bureau both by personal visits and correspondence; in this way they will share in all the bureau learns from its own ex periments and observations, and will always be advised as to what breeding stock the bureau has for sale. With the object of testing possible results of crosses between Ayrshires and Indian cattle, in August, 1921, one Ayrshire bull was put with a small herd of unbred Indian heifers and Indian cows which had ' but recently dropped calves and had not since been bred. As the Ayrshires are celebrated milkers and the Indian cattle are known to be adapted to the Philippine climate, here was believed a good opportunity to produce a milk breed of cattle for the islands. Some of the Indian cows in the herd give as much as two liters of milk at one milking. In 1922 there were ten cows with this bull; two male calves were credited to him. The calves when young looked very much like Indian calves, but in color markings they resembled the sire. Now more than three years old, they have both been sold and are running with herds, one with 20 and the other with 25 native cows. (During the hot season the Ayrshire bull is kept in a stable and carefully fed and groomed until the weather moderates.) In 1923 there were seven calves from the cross of Indian cows with the Ayrshire bull, three male annually by the President of the United States,” and is for battle efficiency, based upon gunnery and engineering. In her class of ships, armored cruisers, the Pittsburgh has for two consecutive years excelled in gunnery and engineering. Other ships have held the record for one year, and another later, but not immediately following. Can the Pittsburgh make it three straight? For four years she has been on the European station; it has been America’s practice to have a ship or two there, showing the flag around the ports, since 1847. and four female. They strongly resemble the sire. They compare favorably, too, with the pure Indian in size, and their ears do not droop like the ears of pure Indian stock. Ten more calves came in 1924, four male and six female. All animals not sold are kept at the stock farm Prelate of the Valley: Ayrshire Bull, Alabang Stock Farm at Alabang, and the crossbred animals seem to have as good rustling qualities as the pure Indians have. Ten more calves of the cross breed came in 1925, and then the original Ayr shire bull was put out of the herd, to prevent inbreeding, and another, Prelate of the Valley, was imported. From this second bull and an Ayrshire-Indian mother we have a male calf that in conformation and color is like the pure Ayrshire. To Fuga cows we have bred a grade Ayrshire bull with success. The grade heifers are still too young for their milking qualities to be judged. With out doubt, however, many will prove first rate milk ers. The Ayrshire is a docile animal; in fact the Ayrshire generally recom mends itself for the pur poses we are demonstrat ing at Alabang. At the February carnival in Ma nila breeders will have opportunity to see the grade stock, together with the pure«stock, on exhibi tion. I might speak at this time of the veterinary work and of rinderpest; the bureau finds that not in twelve years have the islands been freer from rinderpest infection than now, while we have been fortunate in securing the services of a new veteri nary pathologist, Dr. Eu gene A. Rodier, a grad uate of the College of Dr. E. A. Rodier. Veterinary Science, Washington State College, and an experienced serumologist. After three years’ experience with the Cutter Laboratory, Berkeley, following his graduation at Pullman, Dr. Rodier returned to his alma mater as in structor in histology, pathology and bacterio logy. He was also appointed animal patholo gist for the State of Washington. It is anticipated that the rinderpest vaccine, the Boynton vaccine, that is, which was work ed out solely and exclu sively in the veterinary research laboratories at our Pandacan station, will be safe in Dr. Rodier’s hands. If our campaigns against out breaks of rinderpest are adequately financed, we feel quite confident that rinderpest will ne ver again gain the hold in the Philippines which it once had—and not so long ago. To review a few years: In 1923 there were 27,505 cases of rinderpest, 23,220 deaths of animals from rin derpest, and 38,953 vac cinations. The next year the vaccinations were 220,817; there were 19,599 cases of rinderpest and 15,350 deaths of animals from the disease. In 1925 vaccinations were 210,901; cases of rinderpest dropped to 14,143 and deaths of ani mals from rinderpest to 10,749, or less than 40 per cent of the ravages of 1923. In 1926 vaccinations were 306,127; cases of rinderpest dropped to 9,597 and deaths of animals from rinderpest to 7,341, or less than 33 per cent of the costly figures for 1923. The disease may at least be controlled; in time it may be stamped out entirely. The bureau has been encouraged by a recent editorial which appeared in El Pueblo of Iloilo. This young editor’s endorsement takes the form of advocacy of ample funds for the manu facture and distribution of the rinderpest vaccine. It is based upon the editor’s observations of results in his province, and goes so far as to approve appropriation of provincial funds for vaccine when necessary. The main point is, without at this time discussing finances, that the editor is behind us, and getting his readers into line. It makes something to depend upon when work may have to be done in Iloilo for control and suppression of epidemics. January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 Public Works 1927 Appropriations Nearly Pl 1,000,000 <§><§> <§> Schools Left More Building Money at Last Moment by Governor The Journal looks upon a public works budget bill quite cut to pieces by red lines. Without these red lines, indicating items vetoed, the budget for 1927 for public works would be 1’14,006,779. The red lines, however, reduce it to 1*10,880,429 and represent items vetoed totalling 1*3,126,350. This is the law. As no doubt many projects and parts of projects will be let to contract, the Journal summarizes the bill as finally approved: Maintenance, etc., of public buildings and adjacent grounds, 1*450,000. Agricultural Schools— Munoz, 1*80,000; Baybay, P25.000; Lagangilang, 1*20,000; Catarman, 1*20,000; Hagan, 1*20,000; Bohol, 1*10,000; San Carlos, Pangasinan, 1*25,000; Indang, 1*5,000; Sorsogon, 1*25.000; Pili, 1*20,000; Cabagan, 1*3,000; Odiongan, Pl,500; total for agricultural schools, in Christian provinces, 1*704,500. The same in specially organized provinces: Malaybalay, Bukidnon, 1*25,000; Bunuan, Agusan, 1*25,000; Lumbatan, Lanao, 1*25,000; Trinidad, Moun tain, P40.000; total for agricultural schools in special provinces, 1*115,000. For all such schools, 1*819,500. High and Normal Schools— Surigao, Pl8,000; San Jos6, Antique, 1*30,000; La Union, P30.000; Mindoro, 1*15,000; total, P93.000. Aid to Elementary and Intermediate Schools— Abra: Bangued 1*2,000, Manabo 1*6,000, total P8.000; Albay: Cararayan 1*3,000, Baras 1*8,000, Oas 1*20,000, Ligao P10.000; total for Albay, P41.000.—Antique: Bugason 1*5,000, Patnongon 1*1,000, Culasi P5.000; total for Antique, P11.000.—Bataan: Morong 1*10,000; total for Bataan, 1*10,000. Batanes; Sabidug 1*1,500, Sumnanga 1*2,000, Ibana 1*2,000; total for Batanes, 1*5,500.—Batangas: Nasugbu 1’10,000, Calaca 1*10,000, Bauan 1*10,000, Malvar 1*8,000, Buhay Usapa 1*10,000, Tanawan 1*15,000; total for Batangas, 1’63,000.—Bohol: Antequera Pl2,000, Panlaw P5.000, Sikatuna 1*5,000, Lila 1*5,000; total for Bohol, 1*27,000.— Bulacan: Polo P10.000, Calumpit 1*5,000; total for Bulacan, 1*15,000. Cagayan: Tuguegarao P25.000; total for Cagayan, P25.000.— Camarines Norte: Pandan P5.000; total for Camarines Norte, PS,000. Camarines Sur: Tigaon 1*9000, Ragay P10.000; total for Ca marines Sur, 1*19,000.—Capiz: Panay P4.000, Iuisan 1*4,000, Maayon P8.000, Jamindan 1*8,000, Nabas 1*6,000, Buruanga 1’4,000; total for Capiz, 1*34,000.—Cavite: Bailen P6.000, General Trias P4.000, Kaykuit 1*7,000, Mendez 1*6,000, Rosario P12.000; total for Cavite, P35.000.—Cebu: DaanTabagon 1*3,000, Poro P4.000, Danao 1*4,000, Bogo 1*3,000, Tejero P4.000, Pardo P4.000, Mandawe P3.000, Consolacidn 1*2,000, Compostela P2.000, Minglanilla 1*4,000, Sibonga P5.000, Tulik P3.000, Madridejos 1*3,000, Samboan P5.000, Dumanjug P12.000, Medelin P5.000, Madri dejos (elementary) P10.000; total for Cebu, P76.000.—Ilocos Norte: Pasuquin 1*4,000, Burgos P6,000, Paoay P7,000, Batac 1*8,000, Currimao P10.000; total for Ilocos Norte, P35.000.—Ilocos Sur: Cabugao 1*6,000, Bantay P4.000, San Ildefonso 1*3,000, Lapog 1*3,000, Caoayan 1*10,000, Narvacan 1*10,000, Candon P8.000; total for Ilocos Sur, 1*44,000.—Iloilo: San Joaquin 1*5,000, Arevalo 1*12,500, Pavia 1*12,500, San Miguel 1*15,000, Dingley 1*5,000, Duenas P16.000, Buena Vista P15.000; total for Iloilo, P81.000.—Isabela: Casibaran 1*4,000, Tumauini 1*5,000; total for Isabela, 1*9,000.— Laguna: Paete 1’7,000, Santa Rosa 1’10,000, Pangil 1’4,000; total for Laguna, 1*21,000.— La Uni6n: Balaoan 1’10,000, San Juan 1’10,000. Calumbaya 1’6,000, Caba 1*7,000; total for La Uni6n, 1’33,000.—Leyte: Macrohon 1’12,000, Hilongos 1’12,000, Libagon 1’3,000, Palo 1’5,000, Bugjo 1’7,000; total for Leyte, 1’39,000.— Marinduque: Boac 1’10,000, Mogpog 1’12,000; total for Marinduque, 1’22,000.—Masbate: Milagros 1’3,000, Masbate 1’10,000, San Pascual 1’6,000; total for Masbate, 1’19,000.—Mindoro: Lubang 1’5,000, Bongabong 1’3,000; total for Mindoro, 1’8,000.—Misamis: Sal ay 1*6,000, Mambajao 1’4,000; total for Misamis, 1*10,000. —-Occidental Negros: Silay 1*8,000, Sagay 1’5,000, Cauayan 1’7,000, Ilog 1’8,000; total for Occidental Negros, 1’28,000.—Oriental Ne gros: Ayuquitan Nuevo Pl 2,000, Bacon P10.000; total for Oriental Negros, 1’22,000.—NuevaEcija: Zaragoza 1’5,000; total for Nueva Ecija, 1’5,000. —Palawan: Puerto Princesa 1’5,000, Busuangan 1’4,000, Coron 1*2,000; total for Palawan, P11,000. —Pampanga: Bacolor 1’25,000; total for Pam panga 1*25,000.—Pangasinan: Dagupan 1*25,000, Rosales 1*12,000, Pozorrubio 1’10,000; total for Pangasinan, 1*47,000.—Rizal: Navotas 1’10,000, Pateros P7.000, Pasig 1’20,000; total for Rizal, 1’37,000.—Romblon: Magallanes 1*7,500, Romblon 1*15,000, Simara 1*7,500; total for Romblon, 1’30,000.—Samar: Basey 1*3,000, Guiuan 1*15,000, Catbalogan 1*3,000; total for Samar, 1*21,000.—Sorsogon: Barcelona 1*4,000, Bulacao 1*6,000, Juban 1*12,000; total for Sorsogon, 1*22,000.—Surigao: Loreto 1*5,000, Dapa P4.000, Numancia 1*7,000; total for Surigao, 1*16,000.— Tarlac: Camiling 1*12,000, Capaz 1*12,000; total for Tarlac, 1*24,000.—Tayabas: Laguimanoc 1’10,000, Baler 1’5,000, Macalelong 1*10,000, Lucena 1*20,000, Pitogo 1*5,000; total for Taya bas, 1*50,000.—Zambales: San Juan 1’10,000; total for Zambales, 1’10,000.—Grand total for schools, 1*1,043,500. Radio stations, P40.000. Communicable diseases pavilion, General Hospital, P75.000; and at San Lazaro, P75.OOO. Hospital at Butuan, reconstruction, 1*17,500. Imus, land for school and constabulary, 1*27,929. Orphanage, land and new buildings, 1*60,000. Fireproof cabinets for register-of-deeds offices, 1’30,000. Teachers’ camp buildings, 1’100,000. Insane Asylum, P250.000. Negative Lepers building, San Lazaro, 1*20,000. Legislative building, further improvements, 1’110,000. Total for construction, repair, etc., of public buildings and other unclassified projects, 1*3,211,429. Following are appropriations for roads: Nonnon-Naguilian and Campone-Damortis, 1’100,000.—Manila-North, 1*10,000 in Rizal, 1*20,000 in Bulacan, 1*25,000 in Nueva Ecija, and 1*25,000 in La Union, total 1*80,000.— Manila-Tarlac, 1*25,000.—Bauang-Ripsoan and Poro, La Union, 1*20,000.—Tagudin-Cervantes in Ilocos Sur, 1*25,000.—Abra-Kalinga trail in Abra, 1*5,000.— Busay-Abas trail in Abra, 1*5,000.—Cagayan Valley Road in Nueva Ecija, 1*30,000.—Manila-South in Rizal, 1*60,000, in Laguna, 1*20,000, total, 1*80,000.—PasayMcKinley, 1*10,000.—Manila-Cavite, 1*35,000. —Pamplona-Pasacao in Camarines Sur, 1*10000.—Total, 1*325,000. Road and trail aid-appropriations (to be expended with appropriations of local funds for identical projects): Agusan 1*15,000, Bukidnon 1*20,000, Cotabato 1*25,000, Davao 1*25,000, Lanao 1*25,000, Apayao 1*10,000, Benguet 1*20,000, Ambuclao-Adaway 1*3,000, Bontoc 1*20,000, Ifugao 1*15,000, Kalinga 1*10,000, Nueva Vizcaya 1*25,000, Palawan (San CarlosLucban) 1’8,000, Puerto Princesa 1*4,500, Cuyo 1*4,500, Coron 1*3,000, Sulu 1*15,000, Zamboanga 1’15,000. Total road-and-trail aid, 1’263,000. For investigation and survey of road-andbridge projects: Undesignated 1’20,000; Albay-Sorsogon 1*10, 000; Antique-Iloilo, 1*15,000 in Antique and 1’30,000 in Iloilo; Capiz-Antique, 1’40,000 in Capiz and 1’25,000 in Antique; Ilocos NorteCagayan, 1’50,000 in Ilocos Norte and 1*40,000 in Cagayan; Cagayan Valley, 1’20,000 in Nueva Ecija, 1’50,000 in Nueva Vizcaya, 1*60,000 in Isabela and 1’40,000 in Cagayan; Or. NegrosOcc. Negros, 1*40,000 in Oriental Negros and 1’75,000 in Occidental Negros; Baybay-Jabuyog, coast-to-coast road, Leyte, 1’40,000; Camarines N.-Camarines S., 1’80,000; Tayabas-Cama rines N., 1’80,000; Bataan-Zambales, P80.000; Bongabon-Baler (trail), 1*40,000; Tarlac-Nueva Ecija, 1’20,000; Iloilo-Capiz, 1’65,000; TagudinBontoc, 1*80,000; Catbalogan-Taft, coast-tocoast road, Samar, 1’40,000; Lanao-Cotabato, 1’80,000; Agusan-Surigao, 1’15,000; BatangasCavite, 1’75,000; Davao-Cotabato, 1’30,000; Laguna-Batangas, 1’40,000; Calapan-Pinamalayan, coast-to-coast road, Mindoro, 1*30,000; Misamis-Zamboanga, 1’60,000; Bukidnon-Misamis, 1’15,000; Laguna-Rizal, 1’80,000; Tarlac - Pangasinan, 1’50,000; Pangasinan-Zambales, 1’55,000; total for surveys, etc., 1’1,570,000. Extension of Rizal Avenue, 1’50,000; Dakota, toward Harrison Park, 1’50,000. Construction, completion, reconstruction and improvement: Sinalag bridge, Abra, 1’24,000.—In Albay: Polangui-Ponso road, 1’18,000; Legaspi-Manito road, 1*20,000; Bato-Baras road, 1*10,000.—In Antique: San Jose-Guintas-Dao-Aninii road, 1*10,000; Bugason-Valderrama road, 1*7,000.— In Bataan: Orion-Limay road, 1*29,000.—In Batangas: Tanawan-Talisay road, Pl 7,000; Calatagan-Tuy road, via Lian, Palico, P20.000. —In Bohol: Colony-Ipil-Talibon road, 1*22,000. —In Bulacan: Malolos-Hagonoy road, P10,000. —In Cagayan: Cagayan-Mountain, via Tuguegarao, Enrile, Solana and Tuao, P15.000.— In Camarines Norte: Talisay-Paracale road, 1’15,000.—In Camarines Sur: Milaor-San Fer nando road, 1*20,000.—In Capiz: Banga-Libacao road, P20.000.—In Cavite: Tanza-Amaya road, 1’15,000; Naic-Maragondon road, 1*12,000; Noveleta bridge, Zapote-Cavite road, 1*25,000. —In Cebu: Lugo-Tabuelan road, 1*10,000; Medelin-Daanbantayan road, 1*10,000; IlihanTabogon road, 1*10,000; Lugo-Borbon road, 1*5,000.—In Ilocos Norte: Bacarra-Vintar road, 1*6,000.—In Iloilo: Sta. Barbara-San Miguel road, 1*20,000; Tinurian-Barotac Viejo road via Banate, 1*30,000.—In Isabela: Angadanan Viejo -Angadanan Nuevo road, 1’10,000.—In Laguna: Pagsanjan-Luisiana road, 1’25,000; Pila-Calawang road, 1’6,000.—In La Union: BacnotanBalaoan road, 1’30,000.—In Leyte: OrmocCarigara coast-to-coast road, 1*25,000; BaybayInopacan road, 1*10,000.—In Marinduque: Sta. Cruz-Torrijos road, 1*15,000.—In Masbate: San Jacinto-San Fernando road, 1*15,000.— In Mindoro: Pola-Pinama'.ayan road, 1*10,000. —In Misamis: Misamis-Lanao road, 1*30,000.— In Occidental Negros: Binalbagan-Isabela road, 1*15,000.—In Oriental Negros: Lazi-Maria road, 1*10,000; Zamboanguita-Siaton road, P20.000. —In Nueva Ecija: Casili-Rizal road, PlO.OOO; San Jose-Lupao road, 1*15,000.—In Pampanga: Angeles-Magalang-Arayat road, 1*20,000.—In Pangasinan: Malasiqui-Villasis road, P20.000; Mangatarem-San Clemente road, 1*6,000.—In Rizal: Tagiig-Muntinlupa road, 1*15,000.—In Romblon: Odiogan-Despujol-Carmen road, P30,000.—In Samar: Sulat-Oras road, P20.000; Tambuagan-Gandara road, 1*8,000; CatbaloganGandara road, 1*8,000.—In Sorsogon: JubanIrosin road, 1*40,000.—In Surigao: Placer-Bacuag-Gigaquit road, P10,000; Carrascal-CantilanLanuza road, 1*19,000.— In Tarlac: TarlacCamiling road, 1*30,000.—In Tayabas: LukbanMauban road, 1*40,000.—In Zambales: Zambales-Pangasinan road, 1*15,000; San NarcisoSan Felipe-Cabangan road, P15.000.—Total, 1*3,296,000. Investigation, construction and maintenance of irrigation systems: Preliminary investigations, etc., 1*30,000; gauging streams, etc., 1*50,000; adjudicating of water rights, etc., 1*40,000; San Miguel system, maintenance, 1*10,000; aid to municipal projects, 1*75,000; total, 1*205,000. Artesian wells (one third to be borne by local funds, which are in addition to the insular fund), 1*313,000. Municipal waterworks, etc. (under conditions similar to those governing artesian wells, the maximum for any project being P25,000), 1*713,000. Total for wells and water works, 1*1,026,000. Maintenance improvement and investigation of port works: .Butuan 1*10,000, Cotabato 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 EDITORIAL OFFICES American Chamber of Commerce 14 CALLE PINPIN P. O. Box 1638 Telephone 1156 EXTRAVAGANT WAREHOUSE LICENSE TAXES A measure recently approved by the municipal board is frankly a measure to get revenue, and no little revenue, from license charges on gasoline and petroleum warehouses. The measure lies before Mayor Miguel Romualdez for action; at the time this is written the Journal has no knowledge or inkling of knowledge as to what action the mayor will take—whether he will approve or veto. The Journal is, however, aware of certain obvious facts bearing upon the wisdom of action of this kind. It proposes to state them. First of all, the theory of the license tax except as it applies to tobacco and liquors is that it be a means of effective inspec tion, control and supervision; and as it tends to become extravagant, in the same measure it tends either to create or foster monopoly, which is no part of the theory upon which it is based. The well established and wealthy company may pay the extravagant tax, passing on the charge lot course to the consumers of its wares, while prospective competitors may often be discouraged from entering the field by the enormity of the immediate charges they would have to meet before any goods should be sold or profits made. This is generally applicable as a rational guide to all who have the welfare of the community in their temporary keeping. The license tax may be the effective' means of maintaining monopolies. Getting down to the specific case, both gasoline and petroleum are heavily taxed by the insular government with the object of raising revenues for roads and streets, and Manila shares in fair and equitable measure in the distribution of this revenue. Comparison of the rate with all other rates in force anywhere in the world, will indicate to any rational man that they are at least high enough—all if not more than the traffic will bear. A third point is that the dealers do not pay these charges in the strict sense; they are of course paid by the people of Manila. A fourth point is that it is wholly fallacious to argue that only the dealers would be affected by extravagant license taxes inevitably increasing the retail price of any commodity. If as in this case the extravagant levy begins upon a considerable stock as a minimum, then the proof is evident that the commodities are greatly in public demand; and while gasoline may be limited to the use of some 10,000 or 12,000 car owners chiefly, certainly petroleum is consumed far more widely by a lower class, and in general by the very poorest class upon whose meager incomes the slightest additional charge is a material burden. Finally, by this means the city might well come, some day, to bring about a situation whereby far less of these combustibles are stored in Manila. It should be remem bered that they are auxiliaries of defense. In short, the action of the board may be defended upon no ground whatever; the action the mayor ought to take is plainly indicated by every fact which reason may take into con sideration. MR. PEREZ DEFENDS THE SCHOOLS In this issue of the Journal the discussion of the public schools’ policy is taken up by Gilbert S. Perez, superintendent of agricultural instruction. Space is gladly assigned for the purpose. Let the question be viewed from every angle, by all means. The Journal editor holds a personal opinion about the schools and their abiding problem, which is to coordinate and harmonize school instruction with the more primal undertaking of living, mating and getting a livelihood. He feels that no bureau however recon dite can ever do this successfully: therefore our system should be materially evised, possibly with the cost incurred of a temporary lowering of effiency in the strict academic sense, but with the eventual advantage of the schools becoming what each separate community wishes to make them—each at its own expense. School buildings everywhere rectangular poured-concrete in accordance with standard plans symbolize vividly to the writer that the system is deadening to the initiative of communities, teachers and pupils alike, while sustaining them so largely by insular appro priations reveals how little the communities where they are established are cognizant of their value and made aware of the duty of maintaining them. This may be defended as good bureaucracy, but not as good government. ABOUT THE POSTAL SERVICE The first of the year is an opportune time to review the postal service, for which the latest figures available are those for 1925. That year the net profits were 1*719,277; the gross revenue was 1*4,130,412 and the outlay '1*3,411,135. At that time 936 postoffices throughout the islands were maintained, with a force of 3,454 employes exclusive of mail contractors and messengers, 540 (39 Americans, 1 Chinese and 500 Filipinos). There was an office for every 12,658 inhabitants, less than a third of the group per office in 1903. Inspectors got per year 1*1,922; clerks, 1*843; postmaster operators, 1*933; operators, P646; supervising linemen, Pl,618; carriers, Manila, 1*579; carriers, provincial, 1*242; linemen, 1*398. The chief of the telegraph division, Manila, gets 1*140 per month and has not had an increase of salary in years. During the year, employes gave overtime of 454,309 hours valued at P140.750 without compensation. (Allusion is made to these facts because they seem so utterly unjust. The yearly salary outlay was 1*1,840,976.) Revenue from stamps was 1*2,120,154, and 1*1,770,820 in 1924, the increase being 1*349,334, or 9.1 per cent. Registered mail pieces were 1,647,172, or 6.7 per cent over 1924; and pieces of registered mail received were 1,679,637, or 6.3 per cent over 1924. Pieces in transit were 1,144,769, or 28.3 per cent over 1924. Business in insured registered mails increased 45 per cent over 1924 and 1*212,558 in collections. C.O.D. domestic parcels were 225,057, an increase over 1924 of 39 per cent. Commissions were 1*57,356. From the United States 190 mails were handled, about 16 per month. Prepayment of postage without affixing stamps increased business. Special delivery was extended to all offices without regard to whether the office had messenger service, and when they had none the postmaster was authorized to hire messengers for not more than 15 centavos. Paid tele graph messages were 1,197,878; there was an increase of telegraph business at Manila and Cebu and a decrease in Iloilo. Tolls were 1*1,414,006, or 1*80,304 over 1924. Domestic Telegraphic transfers issued were 83,120, 1’12,975,349.75; and those paid were 71,864, 1’13,182,084.20. No further space can be given to a most valuable government reference which is a business index that ought to be promptly printed every year and given wide and free distribution. How did 1926 compare with 1925? This should be known at once. MORE USE OF MACHINERY The widest most everyday evidence of the increasing use of machinery in this territory is the number of automobiles. The trade commissioner reports 3,479 automobiles and 1,362 trucks imported from the United States during the first ten months of last year. Next month it will be possible to review the whole year. On November 30 motor vehicle licenses in force were 22,697; the islands have taken a place in the motor market between New Zealand and Australia. Indeed there is an incipient surmise downtown that automobile sales are adversely affecting general trade. The point is worth studying in all its many phases before definite opinions are formed. The Journal is inclined to think the causes for moderate or poor business in some lines lie outside the motor trade. Our general imports in 1925 were about $10 per capita, and Hawaii’s $258: we are bound to buy much more of everything when we are correspondingly prosperous. We went heavily into debt to buy as much as we did. Machinery will aid toward more earnings. Last year in 11 months we bought 270 non electric motors, 308 stationary and marine engines, 65 traction engines (tractors), pumps and pumping machinery to the value of 1’219,209, threshing machines to the value of 1’206,195, and 32,253 sewing machines to the value of 1’1,022,148. This machinery wasn’t bought for joy-riding; it is already cleaning rice, irrigating fields, snatdhing logs, sewing more cotton breeches (and some silk ones, too) and turning out more wealth. January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 AFTER FIVE O’CLOCK Brigadier General Rafael Crame, chief of the Philippine Constabulary, died at his home on New Year Day after an illness of several months confining him to his bed. His career in the insular police, highly praised by Governor General Wood and many other leading officials, began in 1902 under (then) Colonel Henry T. Allen, who organized the force on the model of the old guardia civil of Spanish times. General Crame’s medals were bestowed for merit both under Spain and the United States. He had a long career in the intelligence division of the constabulary, where he rose to a colonelcy and head of the division; and he was made chief of constabulary by Governor General Francis B. Harrison in 1917. General public mourning attended his death and funeral obsequies; in terment was made in La Loma Catholic Ceme tery Friday afternoon, January 7, where full military honors were accorded General Crame’s memory. The ranking constabulary officer is Colonel Charles E. Nathorst, who was chief assistant to General Crame and acting constab ulary chief during the general’s last illness and his earlier occasional absences from duty. Senate President Quezon and Senator Juan Sumulong, guiding hands in the supreme national council, have announced there will be no opposition to confirmation of Colonel Nathorst as chief of constabulary succeeding General Crame, who was 63 years old at time of his death and had served in the constabulary 25 years. Colonel Nathcrst has been designated acting chief. Governor General Leonard Wood has authorized the Associated Press to say that he plans a trip to the United States this year but has not set his date of departure. It naturally depends upon circumstances. At time of writing General Wood planned coming to Manila, January 15, to attend the annual meeting of the Philippine National Bank and vote the government stock in accordance with the bank’s original charter and his own recent order sup pressing the board of control. Out of this action a second control-board case was expected to arise. Manager Trinidad of the bank says six centrals are paying into the bank P5,000,000 yearly, thiee on principal and two on interest, and that the proportion upon principal increases as the liquidations are made. He anticipates that in ten years the debt of ?44,000,000 will be paid off. The bank had a prosperous year in 1926 and profits are to be applied upon the gov ernment’s debentures for its recent resuscita tion. Alexander Hume Ford of Honolulu has arrived in Manila and brought with him news of the Pan-Pacific Educational Conference called by President Coolidge and to be held in Honolulu April 11-16, 1927. Delegates from the Philippines are formally invited, of course, to participate in what seems a most beneficial program of questions wothwhile. Hubert Work, U. S. secretary of the interior, will preside and other leaders of educational thought in America will attend. H. C. Lind of H. C. Lind Co., Inc., New York, dealers in tropical products and exporters to tropical markets, is in Manila looking over the Philippines from the business viewpoint. Captain II. L. Heath, president of the Chamber of Commerce, will submit his annual report to the sixth annual meeting of the chamber to be held at the chamber’s offices at 4 p. m., Saturday, January 29. Directors whose three year terms expire are Captain Heath, George H. Fairchild and John W. Haussermann. Alternate Directors whose one-year terms expire are Fred A. Leas, W. L. Marshall (resigned), J. L. Heading ton and J. T. Pickett. George R. Summers of the bureau of educa tion reports average yields of Ramay rice at Munoz school in 1926 of more than 100 cavans per hectare, the original seed having been obtain ed for the school from the bureau of agriculture’s Alabang station three years ago. Dr. Serapio Tamayo became president of Santo Tomas University, December 2, succeed ing Dr. Manuel Arellano, in accordance with Dominican practice. Santo Tomas is the oldest university under the American flag; as a school it was founded in the 16th century. Dr. Eugene McGuinness, vice-president and general secretary of the Catholic Church Extension Society of Chicago, is visiting the Philippines for the purpose of studying the mission work here and giving publicity to the work of the society. Mayor E. J. Halsema, of Baguio, reported when in Manila recently the fortune of Baguio and vicinity in the public works appropriations. There is money for extensions and improvements of roads and trails and for new buildings at Teachers’ Camp. Visitors to Baguio as well as residents there praise the excellent condition in which the streets, markets and all public improvements are maintained. W. Cameron Forbes, former governor general of the Philippines, is now touring the southern islands. J. C. Rockwell has been chosen commodore and Leonard C. Moore secretary of a yacht club organized in Manila, others attending the organ ization meeting being J. B. Finley, J. P. Heilbronn, P. T. Murray, A. J. Fenner, N. T. Reid, Roy M. Bare al, A. C. Williams, John W./Mears, S. A. Presby, E. R. Knapp, Fred HolWn, C. O. Bohanan and A. B. Tigh. Extension of the breakwater will afford suitable apchorage. A. D. Williams, director of public works, has requested extension for another year of the contracts under which ten American technical men are employed in the bureau. It is by this procedure that the government tempers its filipinization of the civil service. W. McKellar, head of the machinery depart ment of Macleod and Company, returned with Mrs. McKellar to Manila in mid-December from their trip to the United States. Mr. McKellar’s health was quite restored by his vacation, spent largely in motoring. He returns, as he went away, an optimist in respect to the machinery business here. Good now, he thinks its prospects of expansion excellent. Jim Sager, popular steward on the s. s. President Wilson, was king of the Elks Club kitchens during the evening of December 14, when he provided for the big and merry crowd of members, their wives and guests, a genuine sanguinetti dinner. Major R. S. Clemons has been elected com mander for a year of Lawton Post No. 27, Vet erans of Foreign Wars, succeeding Major Fred Damman. Will Rogers has been elected mayor of Beverly Hills, his home town in California. John Held, Jr., who achieves humor with his brushes, as Rogers does with his gab, his pen and his lariat, may be congressman from his district in Con necticut. Santa Claus managed his usual trip to the Philippines and did not fail of leaving the Journal bill folders, first rate pocket ornaments, and calendars, useful and ornamental, together with cigars for the editor. The JOURNAL wishes to acknowledge its appreciation of the annual remembrances. The Chamber of Commerce, too, makes occasion to tender its acknowledg ments. Dr. Victor C. Vaughan was among the prom inent delegates from outside the islands to the annual Anti-Tuberculosis Congress. He is a well known leader of medical thought of the United States. The work of the Anti-Tuberculosis society progresses. Santolan now accom modates 200 patients regularly, five times the number provided for when the work began in 1918. E. D. Fuller, a retired corporation lawyer who for fifteen years represented American oil interests in Mexico, visited Manila in December and gave as his opinion that in the course of time more American capital would come to the islands. He described this as “adventurous” capital taken out of the abundant surplus in the United States where rates tend to lower, and risked abroad for the sake of higher returns. Judge John Barton Payne of Chicago, president of the League of Red Cross, the world organization, has been visiting in the Philippines with his party since December 24 and has every where been cordially received. Adolfo Carpi has closed the opera season of his company in Manila, but no doubt will return for another. The company boasts a number of good voices and its renditions of the operas are thoroughly enjoyable. Dr. George Nesom died at Laurel, Missis sippi, December 15. Dr. Nesom was formerly director of agriculture in the Philippines and did his pioneer work in getting the bureau estab lished. Under his administration the College of Agriculture was founded. T. H. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two children arrived in Manila, December 19, Mr. Smith coming out from the London offices of Macleod and Company to the management of the Manila office. He finds that through experiments of American cordage manufac turers with the middle grades of abaca ap parently a permanent market has opened in the United States for these grades, used locally and chiefly bought abroad in the London and European markets. He believes, however, that the conservative American firms will continue buying above these grades, to which Philippine competition has tempted some factories. He feels confident that creation of the Fiber - Standardization Board l^St year has been justi fied by the more rigid 'grading and uniformity of certified shipments already noted abroad. Fred L. Pray has retired from the manage ment of the Port Lebak Lumber Company, recently acquired by Tan C. Tee and Company. Harry “Dad” Chandler suffered compound fracture of the left leg below the knee December 21 when struck while crossing Plaza Santa Cruz by a car owned and driven by E. E. Baker. “Dad” showed his usual consideration for others by assuming that the accident was unavoidable. He is recovering in St. Paul’s. Dr. W. H. Waterous, who severely injured a leg in attempting to start the balked engine on his duck boat four weeks ago, has recovered from the accident and resumed his practice. John R. Wilson, secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, has been appointed to the city board of tax appeals, vice C. M. Cotterman, formerly representing American interests on the board. Wilson was a member of the original board. Mrs. Francis B. Harrison, who was Miss Elizabeth Wrentmore of Manila, has sued the former governor general for divorce on grounds of desertion which are reported not contested. The suit was brought in Paris. Three children were born of this union, consummated in Chicago May 15, 1919. Martin Ocampo, once a Guam deportee, died at San Juan de Dios Hospital Thursday, January 6. He was 75 years old and had taken a prominent part in founding Philippine journal ism through his position as manager of Renacimiento and La Vanguardia, the former issuing from September 3, 1901, to January 17, 1910 (when the execution in the famous Worcester libel closed it out), and the latter finally acquired by Alejandro Roces and converted into an independent newspaper with Pedro Anuario writing the editorials and a daughter of Ocampo on the staff. With surprisingly brief intervals of non-publication, native journalism may be traced from the inception of the liberal period in Spain down to the present, the first sheets coming out in Barcelona. Admiral Clarence S. Williams left Manila with the flagship Pittsburgh for Shanghai January 8 to observe more advantageously the situation developing in north China between rival forces of North and South. His orders from Washington leave him at liberty to take the entire fleet to China if he wishes, but upon his departure he expected the Yangtze and South China patrols and the flagship would be sufficient. A paper elsewhere in this issue reviews America’s state-naval policy in the Far East. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 1’20,000, Jolo 1’10,000, Lanao 1’30,000, Zam boanga 1*40,000, Tagbilaran 1’20,000, Aparri (jetty) 1*200,000, Aparri (port maintenance) 1’20,000, Capiz 1’50,000, Cebu 1’250,000, Iloilo 1’130,000, Leyte 1’45,000, Oriental Negros 1’100,000, Sorsogon 1’10,000, Casiguran 1’25,000, Catbalogan 1’10,000, Lazi 1’20,000, Ba tangas 1’30,000, San Jose 1’80,000, Larena 1’3,000. Total, 1’993,000. Manila harbor and river, 1’200,000; repair of equipment 1’150,000; pier maintenance, etc., 1’90,000; South Port streets, 1’25,000; total, 1’465,000. Portworks surveys, etc., 1’10,000. Total portworks, 1’1,578,000. River control: Agno 1’100,000; Caraclan and Quimba (Libon, Albay) 1’40,000: Pampanga dike, 1’25,000; Cooperation and Agricultural Advancement $><§><$ By Gilbert S. Perez, Superintendent of Agricultural Instruction, Bureau of Education Abacan and Potrero river dike, Pampanga, 1*60,000; Sariaya, Tayabas, 1’25,000; seawalls at Sabidug, Sumagna and Sabtang, Batanes, 1*13,000; Bangar dike, Amburayan river, 1*50,000; total, 1*313,000. Telephone, cable and radio lines, construction, maintenance, etc., 1’526,000. Same for lighthouses, buoys and beacons, 1’225,000. Installment for 1927 on Post office project (total estimated cost 1’2,500,000), 1*500,000. The 1927 public works act as here completely summarized has been approved by the governor general and the grand total thus approved and made available for expenditure during the year is 1’10,880,429. nor does it have the time to do extensive scientific investigations in plant and animal breeding and in soil, water and fertilizer analysis. In the agricultural school the student receives only the elementary courses in these subjects and has to depend upon the specialists and experts for the material which will be of help to him in the special line which he desires to follow. The work of the bureau of education is purely educational and its activities end where the eco nomic life of the individual begins. In school, the student receives a considerable amount of theoretical instruction coupled with a certain amount of practical experience which he obtains in the different farm schools. It is after gradua tion that he encounters the realities of life and it is then that the work of the other bureaus should prove to be most helpful. When he meets difficulties in his school work he has to consult his teachers, textbooks, and dictionary, but One of the favorite indoor sports of the aver age critic of Philippine conditions is to sit at a highly polished narra table and in the quiet of a tropical Sunday afternoon carefully take out his trusty typewriter from its mildewed imita tion Morocco case and then and there burst forth with a torrent of violent invectives against a system of education which, to his thoroughly practical mind, is the sole obstacle to the eco nomic and agricultural advancement of the country. In line after line and paragraph after paragraph, one may discover multitudinous truths and half truths and biting expositions of conditions with which every employee of the bureau of education from the director to the veriest barrio teacher is thoroughly and regret fully familiar. But one searches in vain, line after line, and paragraph after paragraph, for any feasible or constructive suggestion which will help to remedy these conditions. The mission of the bureau of education is an important one and the contribution which it has made towards the economic development of the country is not questioned, but it is believed that it is placing too heavy a burden on the shoulders of the teachers when we ascribe to the bureau of education the sole responsibility for the lack of development of the agricultural resources of the country. Besides, the success or failure of a system of agricultural education cannot be determined in a few years. It requires considerable time and a considerable amount of adaptation before institutions of this kind really find themselves. It is a well-known fact that in America the agricultural schools are successful, but few realize that these twenty years of success have come only after a history of forty years of failure. These schools are suc cessful not only because the farming communities have found themselves and have been compelled to take full advantage of the scientific training which was made available to the individual farmer, but also because of the extension work of the state colleges and of the different govern mental departments and bureaus. No country has ever based its program of economic and agricultural development solely on one bureau or on one department. This program must be based on the active coopera tion of several government entities as the task is too difficult to be accomplished by any one of them working single handed. The future development of the agricultural resources of the Philippines depends vitally on a program which has as a basis the active and whole-hearted cooperation of the bureau of education, the bureau of agriculture, the bureau of science, the bureau of lands, the bureau of forestry and the University of the Philippines. It is high time for all to realize that the welfare of the country should always be placed far above the individual fortunes or interest of any one bureau or bureau The financial support for agricultural schools loses a large part of its value to the community, unless it is supplemented by an equally adequate appropriation for experimental and demonstra tion programs of the Bureau of Agriculture and the Bureau of Science. The personnel of the Bureau of Education is not permanent enough Warehousing Rice at Munoz School and (Inset) Making Foundation for New Concrete Warehouse FINEST SILK FROM JAPAN ! RARE VALUES IN SILKS | We have all the latest new shades and most exquisite I patterns in silks of the highest quality. ! If you are looking for something distinctive in silk materials, consult us. Our stocks offer wide assort- [ I ments of colors and designs from which to select. j ' OSAKA BAZAR j 332 Echague JAPANESE DEPARTMENT STORE Phone 216 INSURANCE! FIRE, MARINE, MOTOR CAR. I F. E. ZUELLIG, INC. | Cebu Manila Iloilo | IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 EXCELENTES ESPECIALES CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF-a-CORONA after graduation he faces realities and instead of thinking in terms of words he must think in terms of actual things, and instead of turning to his texts he has to consult the bureau bulletins and to depend upon the expert advice of the field demonstrators of the different bureaus. The bureau of education cannot tell him where the best vacant land is situated. For this he has to go to the bureau of lands. It cannot analyze the soil of his homestead or the stream which will supply his family with drinking water. For this he has to go to the bureau of science. It cannot distribute seedlings and breeded stock, nor can it give specialized scientific information as to the crop which he has to cultivate. For this he has to turn to the bureau of agriculture. It cannot recommend authoritatively with reference to the kind of seedlings which he should plant on the denuded hillsides of his homestead, and for this information he has to go to the bureau of forestry. It cannot advise him as to the actual price which he should expect from the product of his homestead. For this he should turn to the bureau of commerce and industry. The real work of the bureau of education, then, is to instill into his mind a love of the soil and an appreciation of the advantages of agricul ture as a life work. It gives him the rudiments of agronomy, horticulture, forestry and elemen tary science so that in actual life he can with profit turn to the different bureaus and receive the specialized technical information and advice which they should have at their disposal. The critics who continually criticize the bureau of education for not providing a thorough system of vocational education in the primary and inter mediate schools fail to realize that it is the con sensus of opinion of educators abroad that the purely vocational education of a child should not begin before he is thirteen or fourteen years old. There is no act which has resulted in a greater interest in vocational education in the States than the Smith-Hughes Act. This act, which is also spoken of as the Federal Vocational Education Act, and was prepared by vocational education experts who have taken cognizance of this fact, distinctly states in Sections 10 and 11 that “the schools availing themselves of the provisions of this act shall be of less than college grade, and shall be designed to meet the needs of persons over fourteen years of age who are preparing to enter upon the work of the farm, of the farm home, or of a trade or industrial pursuits.” It was not the intention of the Smith-Hughes Act to vocationalize the primary schools in the States as it was believed that in the elementary grades, the demands of society require that the objectives of our primary and intermediate education should be the develop ment of the rudiments of reading, writing and arithmetic, the training of the mind and moral character of the children and the offering of civic and social training sufficient to enable them to meet civic and social responsibilities. The development ol the economic capacities is sup posed to begin during the pre-adult years of the individual’s life and not during his childhood. Although the bureau of education gives more work in gardening and manual training than is given in any elementary school system in the States, the real objectives of this training is essentially pre-vocational. No institution is perfect and no organization is above criticism, but the average critic should realize that elementary and secondary teachers are too self-effacing to take credit for any share which they may have had in the agricultural development of the country and are equally modest in assuming the responsibility for all the things which have still been left undone. EARLIER DAYS: SPANISH POWER The King of Borneo, Mohammedan, rendered obedience and acknowledged himself the vassal of the crown of Spain when Dr. Francisco Sande was governor of the Philippines (1575-80.) (He was a native of Caceres, a lawyer, who founded, when governor, the town of Nueva Caceres.) During Gomez Perez Dasmarinas governorship the king of Siayao came to Manila and rendered obedience. On his journey to Ternate, Don Pedro de Acuna took the king prisoner and brought him as such to Manila, and although Don Juan Nino de Tabora had the king’s writ to give this monarch liberty if he deemed it wise, he did not do so, and the man died a prisoner, as did his son, in 1629. One Cachaquil having thus succeeded to the Ternate throne, being a prisoner in Manila, remained there, a prisoner of war. The king of Tidore recognized the lordship of the governor of the Philippines and the majesty of the Spanish arms. In 1618 a peace was effected with the king of Macassar, then necessary for the maintenance of Ternate. Good understanding was always maintained with the emperor of Japan in accord ance with the royal decree of July 4, 1609, with a mutual and frequent exchange of royal cour tesies, until this friendship was forfeited by the emperor in 1634 at the instance of the Dutch. Dr. Sande intended the conquest of China until prohibited by the royal decree of April 9, 1586‘ Commerce with Great China has been main tained. —From Zuniga’s Estadismo: 1805. None Genuine Without the Name ALHAMBRA on Rings and Labels IMITATED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 Philippine Commerce and Manufacture in 1837 FOREIGN TRADE EXPORTS ( 50 ps) Description of Produce by foreign Exported by Spanish Weight Aa?Er Value by foreign vessel Value by Spanish vessel Total Amount Sugar............ 231,588 23,793 Piculs $ 5^ 1,215,837 124,913.2 1,340,750.2 Coffee........... 3,647 198M $ 13^ 49,234.4 2,680 51,914.4 Cotton.......... 2,311 1,677 $ 16 36,976 26,832 63,808 Hemp............ 67,842 6,028 $ 5J4 356,170.4 31,647 387,817.4 Sapan Wood. 23,363 3,547 $ Ils 26,283.3 3,990.3 30,273.6 Buffalo Hides 4,745 517 $ 4 18,980 2,068 21,048 Hide Cuttings Mother of 418 434 $ 3K 1,358.4 1,410.4 2,769 Pearl Shells 462 22.32 $ 15*4 7,045.4 340 3 7,385.7 Tortoise Shell 5,786 505 Catties $ 8 46,288 4,040 50,328 Indigo........... l,434j/2 198 Quintals $ 70 100,415 13,860 114,275 Rice.............. 183,281 383,777 Cavans $ 229,101.2 479,721.2 70^,822.4 Paddy........... 28,224 41,276 $ 4?1 rls. 16,758 24,507.5 41,265.5 Cocoa Nut Oil (Laguna) Cocoa Nut 1,661 390 Jars $ 3 4,983 1,170 6,153 Oil (Bisayas) 1,920 962 $ 2'4 4,320 2,164.4 6,484.4 Cigars........... 3,619 963 Arrobas $ 18’4 66,046.6 17,579.6 83,626.4 Rum............. 12,577 Gallons $ 3,144.2 3,144.2 Hats Baliwag Cigar-Cases 5,225 1,622 in No. $ 1 5,225 1,622 6,847 Baliwag. . . 1,966 852 $ 245.6 106.4 352.2 Rope............. Cotton Can 759 Piculs $ 9 6,831 6,831 vas, Ilocos. 150 303 Pieces $ 10 1,500 3,030 4,530 Medrinaque.. 47,640 15,900 ($21 per) 20,008.65 6,678 26,686.65 Dollars 2,246,540.5 762,066 1 3,008,606.65 From Deposit Mother of Pearl Shells. 1,034 Piculs $ 15K 15,768.4 15,768.4 Cassia Lignea 2,804 2,741 Boxes $ 5 14,020 13,705 27,725 In celebration of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the firm in Manila, Wise and Company have published a little blue-back volume containing “An Account of the Philip pine Islands" compiled by John Wise in 1837 and sent by cargo boat of the company, to avoid payment of postage “on such a packet, which sent in the regular way would be enormous,” to his father, Robert Wise, founder of the firm, in Manchester. The remark about the postage indicates clearly the impositions then laid upon mails for ocean transit. The annual revenues of the Philippine government were then 1*3,600,000.00, or dollars Mex., almost exactly one peso per capita: From tribute, Pl,500,000; from the tobacco monopoly, 1’1,000,000; from the wine monopoly, of vino and tuba, 1*500,000; from export and import duties, P600.000. Captain A. B. Wise, grandson of Robert Wise and son of John Wise, is the member of the firm who com piled the centennial volume from which the following extracts from John Wise's account of 1837 are taken: “To give an idea of the extent of the exports from Manila, I add herewith a table of the quan tities shipped last year (1836) according to the Custom House account. •Foreign Trade, “The weights in the accomExports panying table are taken from the customs entries and with out doubt they fall short by a large percentage of the true quantity shipped. The prices, though probably not the exact average for last year, cannot be far from it. Hemp being free from duty will admit of a deduction from the quantity mentioned. “All these articles are freely exported from Manila. “Rice and contraband cigars are sometimes 'oaded direct from the provinces, and also a small quantity of sugar. “The best time for ships to load for Europe ,s at the commencement of the northeast mon soon, say, October, November, and December. Produce is generally as cheap then as any other time of the year and they are able to round the Cape before the northwest gales set in; but vessels may lie here with perfect safety until May or June as no danger is to be apprehended from bad weather until that time, when they generally lie at Cavite.” "Sugar is generally planted by slips in Octo ber or November and cut in about twelve months, but in many places it is not planted until January or February. The mode of Productions of manufacture is similar to that the Islands pursued in the West Indies. The Spaniards, who grow the sugar cane to a large extent, have European machinery; but that used by the Indians is very rude, the cylinders of the mill being of stone or wood and the boilers of iron instead of copper, worked by cattle and never by water. There are two descriptions of cane, one of a yellowish colour and another of a brown or purple hue; the latter is generally used by the natives as a vegetable. The new crop begins to arrive in January, but the largest quantities come in during March and April; if the demand is slack in the beginning of the year, the article is cheap est in May; the crop this year is calculated at about the same quantity as last year’s but of better quality. The exports to the end of August amount to 98,322 piculs. "Coffee. The new crop arrives about No vember or December; the quantity produced is very small, but it is expected that it will increase considerably. Unfortunately hurri canes are frequent in these islands and when they happen they generally destroy the crop; undoubtedly a fear of these prevents a more extensive cultivation of this article. The exports to end of August this year amount to 6,464 piculs. “Cotton is most plentiful in June and July when the new crop comes in, but is procurable all the year round. The production is small but is gradually increasing (the exports in 1830 amounted to 927-1 % piculs only). Owing to the heavy rains in Balayan in the early part of this year a considerable portion of the crop was destroyed. The Ylocos cotton is of a longer staple than the Balayan, and always byings about half a dollar per picul more here. Exports to end of August this year 4,628 piculs. "Hemp. Of this article large quantities are exported by the Americans, who are the principal purchasers. It arrives all the year round except during the wet season. Manila hemp is the production of a species of palm, which is cut down when at maturity and left to rot; the rotten substance is then beaten out and the fibre extracted, which after being dried a few days in the sun is ready for market. "Sapan wood. This article is generally exported as dunnage; it is procurable all the year round. Large quantities are brought from the islands to the southward. "Hides, buffalo, are procurable all the year round in moderate quantities, but it is difficult to ship them in good condition during the wet season, owing to the heavy rains. “Hides, cow, are seldom exported and they are only to be met with in small quantities; nearly all are bought up for the consumption of this place. "Hide cuttings. Small quantities of these are exported to Europe for the manufacture of glue. "Mother-of-pearl shells. These can hardly be called a production of the Philippines, the principal part of what are exported being brought from the Sooloo Islands by traders who arrive here from October to December, and our supply depends in a great measure upon the fisheries at those islands. Small quantities however are procured in the Philippines, but they are not equal to those brought from Sooloo. “Tortoise shell is procurable all the year round. In many parts of these Islands there are ponds connected with the sea into which the tide comes, leaving them dry at low water, and in these tortoises are kept until they are large enough to be killed for the shell. "Indigo. The new crop is ready to bring to market about July or August, but sometimes owing to the wet weather it does not arrive until October. It is only produced in quantity in five provinces. That which comes from Ylocos, the most northern province, is always the worst, being a second and third quality; notwithstand ing the great difference in price between the different qualities the lower pay the grower much better than the higher, the loss on weight in making the first quality being so great. "Rice and paddy. The new crop makes its appearance in January or February, but it is procurable in large quantities all the year round. Nearly all exported is sent to China, but latterly a few American vessels have cleared out with rice for the United States. The export has increased very much; in 1830 it only amount ed to 164,518 cavans of rice and 32,968 cavans of paddy. This year but little has been exported, owing to the low price in China. “Coconut oil. The Laguna oil arrives regularly every Friday and the Bisayas comes in at all seasons of the year, but only in small quantities during the wet. The former is made about the mountains on the east side of this island; it is taken to a large village on the lake every market day, from whence it is brought to Manila. The latter comes from the islands to the-southward of Luzon, where some of the people are now beginning to make the oil of a better quality and equal to the Laguna. "Tobacco. Large quantities could be pro cured but, owing to the government monopoly, the growth of it has been restricted to two prov inces, and any quantity brought to market more than required was burned; but it is now allowed to be exported in the leaf and the production will no doubt increase. It is of excellent quality. "Ginger. Procurable, but only in small quantities and undried. “Sarsaparilla. Large quantities in the Is lands, but very little brought to market. "Saffron. Only very small quantities to be had. "Isinglass. Very little brought here and only to be procured in .trifling lots. It is pro cured from a fish caught in the lake. January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 “Hoofs, horns, and deer skins. Procurable in small quantities. “Molasses is to be had in considerable quanti ties, but has not yet been exported. “Tallow. Sometimes small lots are offered for sale. “Gold dust is collected in the mountain streams in no inconsiderable quantities, but no idea can be given of the amount, as what may be exported is always smuggled; the Chinese send the principal part to China. “Beeswax. Procurable at all times. There is very little exported, nearly all produced being used for holy candles in the churches, processions, etc. “Beche de mer and birds' nests. These are found in the islands to the south. They are of course all sent to China. “Soap. This is very poor stuff, worth here about $11 ■> per picul. Small quantities have been exported. “Sulphur. This article is never exported, but might be produced in sufficient quantities. It is worth $2 per picul, here. “Cacao is produced, but not in sufficient quantities for the consumption of the place; it is considered superior to that of America and is very much used by all classes here. ‘Wheat. Grown in a few places, but not in sufficient quantities for the consumption of the place. “Cowries are frequently offered for sale. Export small. “Tar and pitch are produced in small quanti ties in one of the islands to the southward. “Iron is found in its native state, but mixed with some other metal which renders it softer than ours. “Copper and lead are also found. "Great varieties of timber and wood grow, of which the following are the principal: “Cocoa tree, which produces the St. Ignatius bean, or bean of Cabalongo, used as a medicine. “Ebony, of which there are two descriptions, the striped and the black; the latter is the most valuable. A great deal of striped is used here for furniture; both kinds are likewise exported in large quantities to China. “Narra, or red-veined ebony. A very hard and durable wood, much used in ship building. Tindalo. Entirely red. Fir trees. In the mountains of Pangasinan. Molave. Not subject to decay, very hard, and the only wood which the white ants will not destroy. Quijo and banava, for building. Cedar. Laguan, or red and white apple tree. Palo Maria, for small masts. Manga Chapuy for lower masts.” EARLIER DAYS: AUGUSTINIAN CHURCH The Augustinian church is under the protec tion of the conversion of Paul, which is celebrated jointly with the Most Holy Name of Jesus, titular and patron of the province. The church is of stone and is the oldest building in Manila that has endured notwithstanding the destruc tive earthquakes that have ruined at various times nearly all the edifices of Manila. The sacristy, refectory and the whole lower part of the original cloister are of stone, and in the war with the English (1762) they served as a refuge for many Spaniards when the enemy began bombarding. -From Zuniga’s Estadismo: 1805. Dining Car Service of Surpassing Goodness EARLIER DAYS: EXTENDING EMPIRE The Oriental Limited In your journey across America enjoy the mauy good things to eat served in the handsome dining cars of the tine3t train between Seattle and Chicago., Ser vice table d’hote or a la carte as you please, at reason able prices. The authority, grandeur and superiority of the governors of the Philippines knows no greater even among the grandest of the viceroys of Europe with which the crown of Spain is endow ed, for none of these has so many subject poten tates, allies or enemies; nor is there a governor or viceroy enjoying such preeminent authority as the governor of the Philippines—who, because of distance, seems a king in his own right: to receive and send embassies to all the realms of this part of the world, with gifts and presents; to make peace, declare war, and avenge insult in the name of His Catholic Majesty, and all without awaiting instructions from Spain. For which reason many crowned heads have rendered vassalage to the governor of the Philippines, recognizing him as their superior. They have feared and respected his armies; they have solicit ed his friendship in treaties, and have experienced punishment at his hands when they have failed of their word. -From Zuniga’s Estadismo: 1805. Convenient Connection at Chicago for Eastern Points The Oriental Limited is operated through from Seattle to Chicago via St. Paul and Minneapolis in 69 hours 55 minutes without change. Get our folder “Through the U. S. A. via 8eattle Gateway. ” It will help you plan your trip Ask A. G. HENDERSON, AGENT. Chaco Building o R AMERICAN EXPRESS CO. Manila, P. I. Great Northern A Dependable Railway IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 192' Siberian Capital Has Bad Beerhalls and Movies Junius B. Wood Looks Big Soviet Territory Over for News NOTE:—Immediately following is Junius B. Wood’s graphic description of Novosi birsk, U. S. S. Russia (United Soviet States of Russia), the capital of all Siberia; and to this are appended excerpts fromother stories from Wood during his extensive summer travels in Siberia after the close of the Geneva conference. Mr. Wood represents the Chicago Daily News Foreign Service and is quite well known to JOURNAL readers from his two visits to the Philippines. On the eve of Christmas, his Siberian stories show that there is much to be grateful for in the Philippines. —Ed. “The rain had stopped, a full moon occasion ally broke through the clouds, the worn plank sidewalks could be navigated without sliding off into unseen mud holes and everything was set for a gay night in the capital of all Siberia. The sunset shower had been a cloudburst and the moisture under foot was both thick and deep. “Two movie theaters are open here at this season. One is showing a Norma Talmadge film whose release must have reached the 100’s and the other an Italian hair-raiser. Also there is a nightly operatic recital by an artist who advertises herself as fresh from a successful tour of Japan, China, and Mongolia. She appears at the Casino cafe, which has an orchestra until 2 a. m. if any patrons remain. I chose to eat at the Casino. “The orchestra—piano, violin and violoncello —was in the midst of the lively Jewish wedding march, an Odessa masterpiece, to the great de light of a table of citizens of Ukrainian cast of countenance. Business was chiefly a beer trade, a sad, flat, lukewarm brew. The cate is a sum mery affair with trees growing through the roof and with cracks between roof and rough board walls. In winter the diners wear overcoats. This evening it was cool and comfortable, differ ing from the usual hermetically sealed Russian dining room. A mixed crowd was present. The lunch hour was past and only roisterers were abroad. A pork chop cost 50 cents, which is high for Siberia, where pigs are more numerous than citizens in every village street. “A waiter in a blue smock came up, wiping his mouth on a corner of his apron. He had kindly consented to interrupt his meal. Shaving in Siberia seems to be a SaturOnly Two day night event. This was White Collars only Tuesday and his stubble was short. The menu was imposing. Most of the dishes were only on the menu—no fish, no chicken, no Siberian hazel grouse, no Turkish schashlik. Did they have pork? Of course; they could catch one by merely stepping out of the front door. So it was a pork chop, as usual. “A young man with a new fedora was at a side table. He turned his chair to face the room so all could have a full view. He kept the hat on. It was new. Also he wore one of the two white collars and neckties in the restaurant. A girl and youth ordered tea. A glass of tea and an orchestra is good for an hour of conversation. She pulled off a white canvas hat, uncovering a mop of frizzy, blond bobbed hair. Styles reach even into Siberia. “A weather-beaten tovarish in a soiled canvas slicker, a faded bolshevik army cap on his head, a fringe of red beard, entered unsteadily and made port at the nearest table. A close-cropped head merged as he stuffed the cap into a bulging pocket. A waiter brought a bottle of the dismal beer. A comrade joined him, a hairy man, with tousled beard and hair uncombed since his mother tied it in ribbons. “The close-cropped one swallowed his pale brown brew and ordered another, but offered his friend none. The violin was in anguish, sobbing through a Russian classic. Tears fell in the beer and he wiped his eyes on the back of a hand gloved with soil. He could stand it no longer. The six feet of slicker lurched across the room and flopped on the orchestra platform as he begged for a tune with a smile. “The orchestra was merciless. It stuck through to the last doleful chord. Its music and its literature tell that melancholia of the Russian spirit. The knight of Gambling the slicker returned to his beer for Charity and started an argument with his hairy friend. The latter, having no beer, had little to say. “The shirt-sleeved pianist finished eating an apple and the orchestra enthused with Torea dor. Two cate matadors came to life. While one kept time with knife and fork the other burst into song. A waiter vainly endeavored to curb the hilarity. The enthusiasts wanted another round. One dug out a crumpled rouble (50 cents). The waiter sadly shook his head, as all knowing waiters do. A second rouble was forthcoming. That-was enough for an orchestra of three pieces, and the waiter made the presen tation. Toreador got an encore. “The pork chop was long in coming. Perhaps they had to catch the pig first, and home-loving pigs are off the streets at that hour of the eve ning. Back of the restaurant, in a separate building, was a hotel, and beyond that in another log building the government gambling house. While the chop was being mobilized with its garniture of potatoes and carrots I picked my way into the gambling house—admission 25 cents and hats checked free. "A dozen men were around a greasy table playing chemin de fer. Back of the dealer, covering the entire wall, was an immense sign of twenty-nine rules, one of It Is a which was that no borrowed Serious Town money can be staked—if broke, go home. Bets were small, in roubles and kopeks. A stout, prosperous appearing Mongolian with walrus mustaches, the only one of the party who was not cheating the barber, won a modest pile, stretched and left. A man with sandals on his bare feet took his chair and bet 25 cents on the next cards. “ ‘It’s rained a lot this year, unusual weath er,’ said the waiter as he cleared away the remains of the chop. It sounded familiar, like California or Florida. It was raining again as I plodded back to the hotel, and scraps of side walk had a habit of ending in mudholes. It was midnight. Silent couples were straggling home from the two movies. A cigarette vender was on the corner; a fringe of homeless boys huddled around a still warm asphalt furnace in the street; park benches were deserted. Novosibirsk is a serious town. “Moscow has 13,000 street peddlers,” says Wood, “5,000 of whom have no licenses and are on their toes to grab their baskets whenever a policeman hoves in their direction. Before the war there were only 520 in the entire district.” A state grain-buying monopoly takes the peasants’ surplus and governs exports. “The export program for the present fiscal year is based largely upon the amount of wheat the peas ants are willing to sell to the government pur chasing agency. Unless the goods are available in village stores the peasants prefer to store their grain and feed their stock.” Political passions still so influence the morals of the people that the most atrocious crimes are reported: “The woman’s husband, who, according to the evidence, was not active in the murder but was present, did not protest when the crime was perpetrated. He had objected to his wife’s party opinions.” Slowly the soviet dream, communism, fade before the fierce light of practical experience Factional activities “to hasten the country’ industrialization” were squelched just prior t< the annual party conference, but they will revive and next time be stronger. The peasants misery with their wheat reveals the inevitable for men everywhere will only work for a goal tangible and beneficial to them. When the; take charge of communist parties they will d< this, and thereby, in time, cause the dissolutioi of the parties. Wood’s dispatches relate that Lenin’s commu nism is more conservative than Marx’s, and th< party has advanced from the latter to the former Trotsky and Zinoviev’s reactionary movemen was “ineffective in the end, (but) delayed th< adoption of the liberal policy,” so there is ever an advance from Lenin’s communism to a libera : policy, with leaders whom the party may no discard or disregard wanting to go much farthe: toward the world of wage-and-profits. “Unless the peasants are able to exchange their rubles for articles of necessity, they arcreluctant to sell any considerable proportic of their crop. In order to oi Silver Rubles set this 1,000,000 silver rublin Use were minted in England ar ■ were put in circulation in 19i to find the happy medium between gold an<' paper currencies, both of which are unsatisfa tory to the peasant, who buries gold and does n< want paper. So far the release of silver coins <• larger size and larger denomination as well t - the partially successful efforts to increase tl stocks of merchandise in village stores constitui the most important change as compared wit;, last year. “The peasants who are unable to participat; in the export profits of their grain want to stoi it in the village communal granaries, an old prac tice in Siberia. A goodly proportion of las year’s crop followed this route, forcing a drasti curtailment of Moscow’s import program an. also causing a rise of 17 per cent in living prices while the tchernovitz (the gold ruble) remaine, stationary. BLANK BOOKS We carry in stock every style, size and ruling required in your business. CALENDARS Daily, Gem, Jumbo, Jumbo Giant and other types of desk calendars carried. FRANK & CO. E S C O L T A IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 “The curtailment of purchases of raw cotton in America by the closing of the textile mills during several weeks this summer has reduced the output of textiles and the entire country will feel the effect, since the total imports of cotton chiefly depend upon the quantity of grain ex ported. “The government policy fixed by the all-union communist party limits the purchases abroad to an equivalent of the exports in order to main tain an exact trade balance, Size of Crops thus keeping the tchervonitz Increasing nominally at par. With the agricultural sections prosperous through the use of machinery, the extent of the cultivated areas and the size of the crops are increasing. “The country is politically contented except for the grumbling over taxes, which is usual in any country. Advocates of change in the pres ent policy, which makes the continued parity of the tchernovitz a financial fetish, contend that purchases abroad will accelerate grain circu lation and in turn will make available more funds and speed up the program of factory devel opment. It is also felt that foreign capital may accept a soviet concession for the develop ment of industry and natural resources and there by make a change of policy unnecessary. “Such theories of political economy are beyond the peasant’s horizon. He is not selling grain until he can buy himself new trousers or a bolt of cotton for his wife’s dresses.” We close with Wood’s description of cross country train travel: he was going from Novo sibirsk to Biisk. “Since Russia has become a proletarian state classes in railway travel have been abolished. Instead of classes there are categories—merely a change in name as in many A Hard Bed other things. First and second on Top Tier categories on sleeping cars differ in price and the size of the com partment. Not more than two persons will be in a compartment of the first category, while four may be in one of the second. The next distinction is designated as soft and hard, after them comes fourth, which is only in Siberia. Hard and soft refer to seats or bunks and are as their name implies. “This car was hard, the train had no others. It was of ancient vintage, a partition dividing it in the center, each half having eighteen benches in double tiers, twelve crosswise and six length wise, with a narrow aisle between, and six little square windows. My ticket called for an upper side board near a window, which was an advan tage—in daytime. If a breath of fresh air filtered in during the night it was because a window was cracked. The car had all the assorted odors of a sleeping countryside. “My overcoat was doubled on the bench for a mattress, a metal camera case served for a pillow and my. shoes were tied together above my head so they would be there in the morning. The little wooden car swayed like a ship at sea and to the rhythmic click-click-click of a flat wheel I slumbered.” This is from a world-news reporter who is dean, perhaps, of them all on the knock-about assignments. He likes roughing it and thinks of his provincial travel in the Philippines as one of his most delightful experiences. He isn’t squeamish, but when this Siberian train pulled up at a station in the morning, he took a towel from his overcoat pocket and trotted off to a creek nearby for a plunge into cleanliness. There are some 70,000 Chinese in the Phil ippines, who transact approximately 80 per cent of the business. Retailing and food distribu tion are almost exclusively in Chinese hands. Tiie Filipinos call Chinese from Canton, macaos, and those from Amoy, insiks. These latter are the porters and big merchants—opposite poles of industry. The Cantonese conduct restaurants, groceries, laundries, and tailoring shops. While Filipinos are very largely Chinese by blood, they do not like the Chinese, because they usually owe them money and cannot compete with them in a business way. Quo Vadis, Domine? An Enquirer Asks <®> <§> Provincial Contributor Talks About Education In some recent articles in this magazine the need for vocational and agricultural educa tion was stressed. In a confessedly agricul tural country without other resources than the soil there is no other way out for the educated product than that of their Wealth Only forefathers------the way of the from the Soil tilled field. It is the only way the millions may sur vive. In an agricultural country the volume of agrarian production is the barometer of pros perity. There is no other, and agricultural education should be^based on the study of the Putting Quality into La Minerva Cigars This view shows a corner of our Tobacco Sorting Department. Note the flood of light and sanitary condi tions—and Expert Supervision at every step. Every ounce of tobacco used in La Minerva cigars is thoroughly sterilized; once, before the leaves are strip ped and again, after the curing process is complete— shortly before the cigars are actually made. That elim inates the weevils and their eggs. Every leaf used whether for filler, binder or wrapper is examined individually and only the choicest leaves are selected for La Minerva! cigars. This process takes time and is quite expensive but the very first puff on a Minerva cigar will prove to you that it is really well worth while. Cigars that Delight the Taste And Fill your Heart with Joy! MADE BY La Minerva Cigar Factory, Inc. 2219 AZCARRAGA TEL. 12-69 Makers of the Choicest Cigars Since 1883 staple crops rather than on the by-paths of garden ing, basket-making or other such study. There is no need to dwell on the scores of ways of in creasing the yield of lands under cultivation. Efficient agricultural training in the schools will find ample ways of accomplishing this. The authors of the articles in question sense the need, but seem to grope after other agencies than their own in putting it into effect, when they possess the basic power to “sell” agriculture to those whom they educate. It is worse than folly to expect that coopera tion should come from above. It should, but IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 it does not. The bureaus they mention to render cooperative aid are conservative if not hidebound. If church and state in the past stagnated progress, so these bureaus, standing on prerogative and rights, on jealousy and the letter of the law, hinder cooperation just as much as other agencies did of old. They will squabble and pass the buck delightfully, and let the service of the public go hang. There is no use in damn ing with faint praise any scheme which will place the people on a more economic basis through applied education, or that will lead them to more prosperity. It needs more than praise to accomplish the purpose; it needs co ordinate action. The question is, to use the schools to inculcate proper agricultural principles, considering that the pupils come from families 75 per cent agri cultural. It is to beg the question to state that the graduate should not be expected to labor as a farm tenant at P20 a month or as a work man at a peso a day, or to begin at the foot of the ladder as everyone has done since Adam delved and Eve spun. It is an undemo cratic argument to say that Starting at there is no outlet for the eduthe Bottom cated product in a land of oppor tunity so low in the scale agri culturally speaking. The white-collar jobs are full to overflowing. There is an extensive wait ing list of poor teachers. Shall the school product wait dissatisfied for an opening as farm managers, as leaders, and as clerks, or should they tackle life as did their forefathers, with the advantage of the education given them? There are two ways open. That of taking things as they are and bettering them, or that of stag nating and letting father pay their board bill. The question is Quo vadis, domine? Agriculture has to be “sold” both to the public and the individual student. While the sum total of agricultural schools and farm settlement schools may look terrifying on paper, there are really few that produce concrete results. Others are merely strapped down to curriculae. They lack life. They lack the ability to “sell” their product. Accurate cost sheets of each hectare cultivated over a number of years are notice able by their absence. As one writer says, it is not enough to plant rice and sugar or breed carabaos. It is necessary to show how much profit there is in these activities; if the home farm can be bettered; if efficient farming methods pay, or if they do not. It takes more than a wave of the pedagogic hand to do this, but unless it is done the education that should fit has failed. Schools are not merely buildings full of students. They must be centers for a start in life. It needs men of ability, initiative and vision to conduct such schools successfully. If this is done the intelligence of the student will be measured up in pesos instead of diplomas, of doing things rather than learning them, and of taking a place in the body social as a producing unit instead of as a disappointed parasite. There should be no mere guess-work as to the profit of farming. It should be placed on a business basis, so that those educated may see the profit instead of merely reading of it. To say there is no outlet is again begging the ques tion. The millions of hectares of cultivated lands in the archipelago are in need of willing hands that can show that efficient knowledge will bring the earhings from 12 per cent (the average return on agricultural investment), up to double that sum. Others To Double have done it, why not the Farm Profits school product? If they can do this their education has been justified, the way is open and wide. Teachers in agricultural schools should receive a salary that will allow them to teach properly. As it is, in too many cases they keep one eye on the report paper and the other on the pension, the lure that holds them in the rut. As a matter of fact the stultifying influence of the pension versus adequate salary is one of the great draw backs in agricultural teaching. Adequate profit for labor return is its highest reward. There is nothing exceptionally meri torious in settling on the land unless a living can be forthcoming. There is no short cut to immediate wealth or high position, any more Purest Mineral Water from Deep Hot Springs IK I your CLUB SERVES IT Drink It For Your Health’s Sake than there is a short cut to education. There is no leaping to the topmost rung of the ladder. Education has been looked upon as a right so long that its true significance is being lost sight of. Self-help is the strongest aid to reward no matter where it is practiced. Quibbling over the amounts earned by the raw student embarking on the voyage of life serves no useful purpose. As has been stated, the net earnings of Philippine agriculture are about 18 per cent. That there is room for im provement and that others make double this show that there is a way out for the graduate. Tenant life as a means of inducement to the graduate is not alluring, but it is not without hope. Take the case for land-settlement. A teacher and his wife, also a teacher, took up some public lands a few years ago. Their capital was solely their salary, not a munificent one. Today this man is worth P45.000, with an annual earning capacity of P7.500. He had It Pays to ferit and he persevered. Homestead Land Two other men with capital less than Pl00 embarked in the poultry and pig business. Today these graduates are not only earning a good living, and have acquired landed property, but are supplying a vital need on Manila markets, meat, poultry and eggs. From failure at first, they finally wrested success. There are scores of students who made use of their agricultural training to acquire a competence in farming, but these were not afraid either to start on the lowest rung of the ladder or to put their training into practice. Opportunities exist, the road is wide. We now come to the question of state-aid for student farm-settlement. This is false economics. State aid is always a handicap. It pertains to the paternal and weakens effort. Not only in the Philippines, in the colonies in Mindanao, but in the United Farm Colonies States, it has been found to be Always Fail an illusion and a snare and the result is the melancholy remains of colonies and settlements rapidly reverting to the primitive—once the aid is with held or its interest collected. The best capital investment is the earnings for the settler who earns first and then invests it in the land. The bureau of education could well try the experi ment of putting aside a twentieth of its annual appropriation for such a purpose if it deemed it feasible. This could be administered in some such form as are the rural credit societies. The graduate could easily supply two bondsmen in his natal town or barrio who would under write his loan, and give him practical advice, but as a rule artificial land settlement is a false stimulation at best. The land law referent to settlement could be liberalized, but the fact still sternly faces us that the millions of hectares under cultivation could be made to produce double if more effi cient methods were used. And here lies the open road for the agricultural graduate. As for the argument of unremunerative reward at the start, there is something wrong with the stu dents if they think that way, some vital lack in their training. How is capital forthcoming if not through labor? How many millionaires waited for high wages? How many prosperous farmers refused to work for the current wages before they graduated into landowners? Agricultural training must be practical. There is no need of the possession of coconut groves, sugar plantations, rice or hemp farms. These are within reach of all schools. The study of those that are successful is both con vincing and of real benefit, study of the other kind points the moral of efficient farming. It is in the emphasizing of this factor that will “sell” agricultural training. Vocational educa tion in Sweden is divided into two periods, one under a theoretical teacher and the other under a practical master craftsman. This system is being introduced into France. There is always a demand for better tenants, and those who can earn Pl00 a month are preferred by the land owner. There is always an opening for a man who can produce double the hectare yield through efficiency. There are still the millions of hectares of “tame” lands to bring up to a high standard and the still larger millions of hectares of “wild” land for those who desire to settle; and referent to land settlement, there is of course the question of the home, a home in an entirely different sense than a rented house in town. What is needed is instruction that convinces instead of merely taking things for granted, instruction showing how much more profit can be secured from the soil. There is no other resource available in the islands. No other wealth than that which comes from the soil. The campaign to “sell” agricultural training to the masses rests with the bureau of education. It is no easy task, but it is justified on all econo mic grounds. On the other hand there is the “let alone” policy, which increases the urge for the white-collar jobs and creates the dissatisfied complex, the waiting list for the high salaried job that never materializes. Between the two the choice can be made. The way lies open. Quo vadis, Domine? Myers Buck Co., Inc. | Surveying and Mapping ] PRIVATE MINERAL | AND | PUBLIC LAND I I I 230 Kneedler Bldg. Tel. 16101 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 EARLIER DAYS: AUGUSTINIANS ARRIVE RECURRENT FIRES COSTLY EARLIER DAYS: KING’S LARGESSE The Augustinian friars came to Manila with Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, the conqueror. They dispersed throughout the islands to pacify the natives and convert them to Christianity; they founded many converttos (friars’ homes) in various provinces, and in Manila they built the one where they now live, as the head of all the others, in order that they might sojourn there upon their arrival from Mexico, and might find a refuge there when they returned from the provinces. It is a very large and substantial building (together with the Augustinian church it covers perhaps the largest block in the city), but it offers small comfort to the friars; because of frequent earthquakes in Manila it is not possible to erect buildings of as many stories as those in Spain, and convents covering a great deal of ground really have but few rooms. —From Zuniga's Estadismo: 1805. EARLIER DAYS: STA. ISABEL COLLEGE Sta. Isabel College is a building erected by the Obra Pia, called in Manila the Santa Mis^ricordia, which was established here in 1594 by various donations to pi?ty of wealthy Spaniards at the earnest request of a very virtuous cleric, Don Juan Fernandez de Leon. The college building is large, sumptuous and very comfort able for the students living there. It has a curious little chapel, well arranged, which is under the protection of the Presentation of the Virgin. This college takes care of numerous Spanish orphan girls, who are taught a woman’s obligations, good customs and the fear of God, under the direction of a rectress. They live in the college until they leave it to follow what most pleases them in life, and the Santa Misericordia gives them a dot when they are to marry, having for this purpose and their maintenance in school a fund of 1’16,000. (The Catholic church still carries on a magnificent charity for girls at this college, which all women may visit to their profit.) —From Zuniga’s Estadismo: 1805. OLDEST UNIVERSITY The oldest university under the United States flag is Santo Tomas University in Manila, founded by Dominican friars in 1605. The Dominican friars still conduct the university, for which their new building is nearly completed. On the morning of January 10 and until well in the afternoon, four blocks in upper Tondo burned out while firemen were handicapped until quite late in the day by low pressure in the mains. Several hundred houses were burned, several thousand people were not only made homeless but were robbed by the avid flames of nearly everything they possessed except their lives. Those who had been most thrifty and most sagacious in building their homes, who had utilized wood and iron and concrete, suffered equally with the rest because their houses of less inflammable materials were eave to eave with the thatch structures. Now all their saving must be done again, under insurmount able discouragements. Sickness will appear and deaths occur that otherwise would not have: directly the flames, but indirectly and more culpably the lax municipal laws, are the cause of these poor people’s ruin and unspeak able suffering. PHILIPPINE FORESTS AND WOODS On the United States public domain in the Philippines are many millions of acres of tropical hardwood forests. The most abundant species is Philippine mahogany. In the Philippines this is a very common wood. Finer woods, hard as steel and almost as durable, include narra, molave, ipil and dungon. They polish to a mirror surface and are the aristocrats of the lumber world. When Filipinos go into the forest to fell a tree they take carabaos (water buffaloes) along to haul it into the village. They do not bother to yoke or harness the animals, however, as tough vines for the harness and even for the yoke will always have to be cut from the tree, with much left over for a bonfire. A large lumber industry has been developed by mills equipped with the best American machinery and appliances. Many are owned by Americans. EARLIER DAYS: CHINESE IMMIGRANTS As the Chinese come every year with four or five champans to the Philippines, where they can not only maintain themselves well but make themselves rich, a great number are inclined to remain in the islands if they can obtain the neces sary licenses. These have always been issued more freely than necessary, though at times with more difficulty than at others. When the Span iards were but recently established here they granted the licenses liberally, because there were but few natives near Manila and the Chinese were necessary in the mechanical trades. —From Zuniga’s Estadismo: 1805. Commerce with Acapulco was so lucrative in the beginning that Spaniards placed little value on the plantations given them by the king as a reward for their services; they sold these plantations to the friars, and the friars in turn put them into the charge of natives to cultivate at a small rental. All Philippine plantations are populated with natives and mestizos, who may not be put off the land so that it may be worked by the owners; and as they are an idle and contented people it is impossible to increase production much, however much effort may be made to do so. But something might have been done had not Spaniards abandoned domestic trade. Goods they bring from the coast, Ba tavia, China or Spain, and those they buy from foreigners, they store in their warehouses and sell them out in smaller parcels to Chinese and mesti zos, who have the whole retail trade in foreign wares; and the same thing occurs respecting products of the islands, all to the detriment of the islands. —From Zuniga’s Estadismo: 1805. PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT American government in the Philippines began August 13, 1898, with the investment of Manila by the troops under Major General Merritt. Civil government was inaugurated July 4, 1902, and modified toward autonomy August 29, 1916, by the Jones law. The personnel is almost entirely Filipino, less than 1 per cent is Americaif. There are only three officials appointed by the President, the governor general, the vice-governor and the insular auditor. The President also names the nine members of the supreme court, making a Filipino jurist chief justice and keep ing an American majority of five associate justices. All officials and employes are paid by the Philippine civil government, with excep tions including mutual agreements with Wash ington on geodetic, health quarantine work. Seventy-two per cent of the area of the Phil ippines is United States public domain, which instead of being under Federal administration is under that of the local government, where money is lacking for timely surveys, demarca tion of boundaries and quieting of titles—all of which operates to retard development. “A Symbol of Sturdiness!” You can tell a Studebaker as it goes by 1927 will be another Studebaker Year PHILIPPINE MOTORS CORPORATION IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 VETERINARIANS AND THEIR STATIONS Alano, Segundo, Manila Aldas, Agripino K., Candon, Ilocos Sur Barber, Romarico, Vigan, Ilocos Sur Bemas, Herminio A., Capiz, Capiz Bulan, Luis, Bacolod, Occ. Negros Bunag, Juan J., Iloilo, Iloilo David, Juan C., Malolos, Bulacan Diaz, Carlos, Cebu, Cebu Diaz, Vicente, Santa Cruz, Laguna Dizon, Angel C., Dagupan, Pangasinan Echavarria, Marciano, Sisiman, Mariveles, Bataan Farinas, Estefanio C., Sisiman, Mariveles, Bataan Ferriols, Vicente, Manila Gatchalian, Ventura, Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija Generoso, Juan D., Vet. Res. Labora tory, Pandacan, Manila Gison, Ambrosio, Manila Guia, Pedro de, B. Stock Farm, Bongabong, N. Ecija Jardiniano, Federico, San Fernando, Pampanga Karganilla, Baltazar, Baguio, Benguet Lecaros, Alfonso, Cebu, Cebu Montellano, Isidoro, Batangas, Batangas Montemayor, Mariano R., Aparri, Ca gayan Morales, Jose B., Dagupan, Pangasinan Paraiso, Hermenegildo, Masbate, Masbate Rivadelo, Torcuato F., Tarlac, Tarlac Rodier, Eugene A., Vet. Res. Laboratory, Pandacan, Manila Rotea, Santiago Y., Iloilo, Iloilo Sales, Pedro S., Dagupan, Pangasinan Sanchez, Leon, Iloilo, Iloilo Santeco, Rodolfo, Candon, Ilocos Sur Segovia, Natalio, Iloilo, Iloilo Sevilla, Nicolas S., Candon, Ilocos Sur Sipin, Crispulo C., Dagupan, Pangasinan San Gabriel, Gavino L., Cebu, Cebu Sanson, Emilio, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Topacio, Teodulo, Vet. Res. Laboratory, Pandacan, Manila Tottman, Godfrey F., Qua. Station, Pan dacan, Manila Villa, Pedro P., Manila Vytiaco, Paulino, Candon, Ilocos Sur Zaratan, Victoriano M., Dagupan, Pan gasinan THE VINEYARD By Rudyard Kipling At the eleventh hour he came, But his wages were the same As ours who all day long had trod The wine press of the wrath of God. When he shouldered through the lines Of our cropped and mangled vines, His unjaded eye could scan How each hour had marked its man. Children of the morningtide With the hosts of noon had died; And our noon contingents lay Dead with twilight’s spent array. Since his back had felt no load Virtue still in him abode; So he swiftly made his own Those last spoils he had not won. We went home, delivered thence, Grudging him no recompense Till he portioned praise or blame To our works before he came, Till he showed us for our good— Deaf to mirth and blind to scorn— How we might have best wishstood Burdens that he had not borne! John Gunther, of the Chicago Daily News, London staff, cabled this poem of Kipling’s Copra Arrivals in Sacks Averaging One Picul Each By RAIL AND water (Court.,,, oj Theobald DIM) Months January........................................................... February......................................................... April................................................................ May................................................................ June................................................................ July................................................................ August............................................................ September...................................................... October.......................................................... November...................................................... December...................................................... Total.......... across the Atlantic because of the comment it was arousing. The inference is obvious. Kipling’s new volume of poems and stories, from which this is taken, is called Debits and Credits. EARLIER DAYS: CHINESE CABECILLAS The employment most suiting a Chinese is that of cabecilla de los sangleyes (headman of the Chinese colony, the term sangley applied to Sangley Point, Cavite, because it was aChinese trading post, where junks and champans anchor ed to discharge their wares, and Chinese crafts men lived while employed in building galleon fleets). This official is the one collecting the king’s tribute from the Chinese, which every Chinese must pay. It is six pesos the man and the cabecilla must turn it into the royal treas ury. In any other part of the world whatever such an official would ask a large salary for the work of collecting the tribute, because of the responsibility and the guaranties he must give; but in Manila he asks nothing, instead he pro cures the office with fees and gifts. Nothing more is necessary to show how the king is greatly cheated in this matter of the tribute. Actually, when the king is paid the tribute for 4,000 to 6,000 Chinese, there are in the islands 20,000 to 30,000. —From Zuniga’s Estadismo: 1805. 3,114,183 2,696,233 2,542,892 2,392,883 3,198,510 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 279,739 156,547 196,161 210,788 142,635 207,529 181,463 161,214 142,376 116,706 245,481 167,834 137,776 181,997 165,914 177,469 163,939 113,580 114,757 188,522 219,584 254,766 165,621 202,400 173,550 244,772 173,053 165,858 231,706 270,035 295,658 242,886 221,950 269,169 308,893 322,214 283,828 340,940 265,436 408,832 303,978 410,255 282,543 265,436 417,663 356,524 312,766 293,540 248,030 317,537 237,539 195,024 216,720 217,210 308,821 213,702 243,017 210,210 164,513 308,180 FINDLATER DRY GIN THE BIGGEST SELLER AT LEADING MANILA CLUBS AND HOTELS Sole Distributors:— FILMA MERCANTILE COMPANY, Inc. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By STANLEY WILLIAMS Manager International Banking Corforation. Telegraphic transfers on New York were quoted at 7 8% pre mium on November 29 and the market was steady and unchanged at that level throughout the month of December with no important fea tures to report. Sterling cables closed at 2/0 1 2 on No vember 29 and the mar ket was practically un changed throughout De cember at this level with buyers at 2.0 5/8 and 2/0 9/16 done on several occasions during the latter half of the month. The market was quiet with not much business reported. Three months sight credit bills were quoted at 2/1 3, 16 and 3 m, s d p bills at 2/1 5, 16 unchanged throughout the month. The New York London cable rate was quoted at 485 on November 30. The low rate for December was 484 7. 8 on the 8th and the high rate 485 9/16 on the 29th. The closing rate on the 31st was 485 3 8. London bar silver closed at 25 1, 8 spot and 24 15/16 forward on November 30. The low rate for December was 24 9 -16, 24 1/2 on De cember 2. The high rate for the month was 25 1, 16, 24 15 16 on the 31st. New York silver closed at 54 on November 30, reached a low of 52 7 8 on December 4 and 6 and a high of 54 1,8 on the 30th. It closed at 54 on the 31st. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted nominally at the close as follows: Paris, 11-1/2; Madrid, 155-3/4; Singapore, 114-1/4; Japan, 99-1/4; Hongkong, 98; Shanghai, 82-3/4; India, 135-1/2; Java, 123. COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. Seidenspinner Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling There was little of interest in the local copra market during the entire month of December. Production and arrivals at Manila were well maintained up to the Holidays. During the last days of the month, they fell away considerably as is the custom for this time of the year. From December 1 to 15, the market sagged slightly to a level of 1*11.00 to 1*11.25 resecado copra, and later strengthened to a month end figure of approximately 1*11.25 to 1*11.50. There is a tendency among middlemen to store copra in anticipation of a higher January market but up to this writing reports from the United States and Europe are not very optimistic. The London copra market fluctuated but slightly during December and has ruled steady to dull at approximately £25 for Cebu sundried. Total Manila arrivals for the month of December were 308,798 sacks and the total for the year was 3,196,618 sacks, about 33 per cent above last year’s arrivals and 436,000 sacks greater than the average for the past three years. Latest cable advices: San Francisco F.M.M., 4-5/8 cents; London, Cebu sundried, £25-5; Manila, buen corriente, 1*10.125 to 1’10.375; and resecado, 1*11.25 to 1’11.50. Coconut Oil The U.S. market for this item was steady in spots but averaged quiet and dull in sympathy with competing fats and oils. A fair volume of trading was reported at approximately 7-3/4 cents per lb. f. o. b. Pacific coast ports and a number of these trades went well forward into the new year. The U.S. government cotton crop report was released on December 8 and was again higher than all previous estimates, placing the total crop at about 18,600,000 bales. Con suming buyers are apparently not over anxious to cover their forward requirements, feeling that the depressing influence of surplus cotton oil will be sufficient to hold competing fats at low levels for sometime to come. The London market for oil is reported to be moving entirely in sympathy with the U. S. market and at a relative parity. Closing quotations show the market steady at the following: San Francisco, scattered tank cars, 7-7/8 cents; bulk parcels, 7-3/4 cents; and Manila, 1’0.33 per kilo. Copra Cake There has been little during the month of December in Continental market quotations to attract sellers of this commodity and on the other hand buyers seemed to be well covered and refuse to increase their bids. Locally, there is a wide difference between buyers and sellers’ ideas and we have not recorded any trades of consequence during the entire month. Our latest quotations: Hamburg, £6-13; Manila, 1*35 to 1*40 per metric ton ex-godown. Manila, P. I., January 4. i INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL (paid in cash)............................................U. S. $5,000,000.00 SURPLUS and UNDIVIDED PROFITS - - U. S. $9,000,000.00 Head Office 60 Wall St., New York BRANCHES Barcelona Batavia Bombay Calcutta Canton Cebu Dairen Hankow Harbin Hongkong Kobe London Madrid Manila Osaka Peking Rangoon San Francisco Shanghai Singapore Tientsin Tokyo Yokohama Commercial Banking and Foreign Exchange Current accounts opened, savings and fixed deposits received in pesos and other currencies at favorable rates. Manila Office - Pacific Building S. Williams, Manager IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Mufloz. Nueva Ecija. Director, Rice Producers' Association. Prices at shipping cen ters remain about the same as last quotation, palay bringing from P3.55 to P3.60 accord ing to class and rice prices at consuming points registering from P8.80 to P9.2Q accord ing to grade. There has been a slight stif fening of rice prices with a lowering of palay prices which always takes place before the real buying season begins as practised by the buyeis and millers of our greatest national product. While there has been substantially a decrease of some P50,000,000 in the island exports for 1926 as registered not only by statisticians but by this much less buying power by the merchants, it is believed that the despised rice industry will add some P12,000,000 of wealth, and con sequently that much buying power to Philippine finances this year which represents roughly the amount we yearly send to enrich our compe titors in Indo-Asia. Irrigation, the third foot of the tripod that supports profitable rice culture, is being ex tended and it is rumored that Water Service companies may be established to supply regions unable to be given gravity systems by the gov ernment. These may be supplied by pumping at so much per hectare. In rice, however, this would cover only 40 days, sugar needing perhaps three times this period or 120 days. The success of these projects is predicated on being able to deliver at a cost that will allow the producer a profit as well as the companies, who would merely supplement the systems being provided by the Bureau of Public Works. Fertilizer selling units are on the increase. Once the idea is fully sold to the producer, it will be a valuable adjunct to the national bread basket. As the producer is naturally from Missouri, he will not adopt this until convinced by actual proofs. To allow or expect statistics furnished by government entities to convince him, is an idle folly, as all experiments must be conducted under actual field conditions that prevail in the rice region. The wild-eyed dope supplied by schools and experiment stations fails to convince at all, for while the millions of producers are willing to listen to political panaceas, they refuse to be beguiled by carelessly compiled data, as applied to their livelihood—the pro ducing of our main crops. This is a fact and not a theory, and those that imagine otherwise are in for a long wait if they expect tangible results affecting their various activities. There is, as a rule, too much changing of seed, too much expectance of the fabled 100. cavans per hectare, amongst the actual producers, who, like those the world over, advance by trial and error. There is too much dependence on heavy stooling and numbers of grains and not total weight which in the last analysis is the basis of proper production, and this is not con fined to the ignorant only. The adaptation of seed to land and water conditions spells success. Many believe the other way, and have an annual deficit. In the average run of rice fields in the central plain, which rarely exceed a 1000 meters, there may be two or more varieties of soil, which affects rice production. It is the coor dination of all factors that brings not only the full bread basket but the full pocketbook as well. With the increase in production for the 192627 crop and the consequent reduction in price, attendant on world markets, the rice producer will have just as much money as he had last year, plus a larger supply of rice and very possibly a small carry-over, which has not happened since 1920. This in itself is a good sign as to the stabilization of the industry. Spaniards of Manila believed that the Aca pulco galleon was the source of all their happi ness, since it brought them much silver; they did not consider that that nation is not the richer which may have the most cash, but the one is the richer which has the most goods from which it may obtain cash. They dedicated themselves to the Acapulco trade, because it brought them silver, without giving attention to production in the islands of both natural and industrial products, which constitute the true wealth of a country. The Acapulco trade is now declining; Manila asks that the royal duties and other charges be reduced. There is no hope that they will try to reestablish the commerce by develop ment of the provinces. They have learned to gain enough from Mexico upon which to live without more trouble than the mere mailing of a memorandum once a year. —From Zuniga's Estadismo: 1805. REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Addition The year ends with Manila sales nearly 3 million pesos less than the total for 1925 and somewhat less than 1924! The figures above show a steady increase in real estate business year after year from the post-war slump of 1921 up to 1926, though at no time reaching the previous figures. What has caused this halt in the otherwise steady advance year after year is probably a problem for the economists to solve. The num ber of exceptionally large individual sales seems to average up pretty well year after year. The writer has made an effort to determine, by dividing various sales prices by the areas, whether the 1926 slump is due to fewer trans actions or lower prices, or both. Registrations do not separate land and improvements so that no accurate figures are obtainable. A fair knowledge of land values in different sections, however, makes possible a quite certain separ ation of improved from unimproved properties and, with this as a basis, it can be stated with but little danger of error that the trouble lies in the volume of sales and not in a price slump. Prices in a number of transactions were considerably higher than for similar locations sold in 1925. Sales by Districts November December Sta. Cruz...................... P 152,323 P 157,370 Malate... 67,290 89,000 Paco.............................. 404,000 12,500 Sampaloc. . . 119,738 62,527 Ermita.......... 237,155 131,361 Tondo........................... 236,419 42,820 Sta. Ana....... 46,452 12,289 San Nicolas................. 31,832 14,000 Binondo........................ 34,000 112,000 Quiapo.......... 79,600 8,400 Intramuros................... 35,000 ------------Sta. Mesa.................... 33,480 25,200 San Miguel.................. 2,250 Pandacan............. 3,600 2,358 P 1,480,889 1’672,075 1926 Sales by Months i Railway—Material j Locomotives—(Steam and Alcohol) i I Track—(Permanent and Portable) I i Cars—(All Types) Switches, Etc., Etc. j Inspection Cars (Hand and Motor) i j Machinery l “Atlas Polar’’ Diesel Engines ! i “Skandia” Semi-Diesel Engines i j “Pyle National” Turbo Generators ! “Asea” Electrical Equipment I I Koppel Industrial Car & Equipment Co. | Manila A. H. BISHOP, Manager Iloilo January............................................ February.......................................... March.............................................. May.................................. .... June.................................................. July.................................................. August............................................. September....................................... October............................................ November........................................ December......................................... Sales by Years P 1,128,773 919,150 1,373,079 1,298,722 749,975 738,503 1,843,930 585,519 1,167,921 752,130 1,480,889 672,075 1’12,710,666 1919 .................................................. 1’21,859,572 1920 .................................................. 17,677,811 1921 .................................................. 8,227,859 1922 .................................................. 10,082,089 1923 .................................................. 10,277,448 1924 .............................................. 13,038,861 1925 .................................................. 15,405,345 1926 .................................................. 12,630,666 During 1926 there were 1,650 building permits issued in Manila, covering new construction valued at 1’6,738,850, according to figures from the city engineer’s office. The legislative building is excluded from the figures, which exceed those of 1925 by P473.190, when the building permits were 1,563.—Ed. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 Comparative Statement of Advertising Carried by the Five Leading Manila Dailies for the Month of December, 1926 Newspaper Language Lines 1. BULLETIN—Morning—English 504,070 2. Next paper—Evening—Spanish 400,200 3. Next paper—Evening—English 389,984 4. Next paper—Morning—English 320,712 5. Next paper—Morning—English 229,992 The BULLETIN carried: 26% more than the Next 30% more than the Next 57% more than the Next 119% more than the Next Where most business goes is a good place to go for more business Local Advertisers buy more Bulletin space because it gives them better results. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 SHIPPING NOTES SHIPPING REVIEW By II. M. CAVENDEK lieu,rat A.jcnt. Dollar SUamshii, Liu,December was not unlike October and No vember in the world wide movement to in crease freight rates.Lines operating from Egypt to the United States advanced rates 25 per cent while Lines Egypt to the United Kingdom boasted rates 50 per cent. Elsewhere rates continue to stiffen more decidedly so than in our own territory. De cember 9, hemp and cordage rates to United States and Canadian ports were advanced, hemp $0.50 per bale, rope saw an increase of 30 per cent ; sugar to U. S. Atlantic and Gulf ports, which was lifted freely in November and the first half of December at $6.25 per ton, jumped to $7,00, with indications of a further increase, during early January, to $7.50 or even higher. Hemp to Japan, on December 15, was placed on the so-called “contract and non-contract” basis, with the current rate holding for contracts and a 25 per cent higher rate for non-contract shipments. The Admiral Oriental Line and Dollar Steam ship Line announce the opening of branch offices at Iloilo and Cebu effective from February 1. The Tampa, first of the converted motorships in the United StatesShippingBoard’s$25,000,000 program, sailed from Savannah direct for Bremen late in November with 21,000 bales of cotton. Considerable interest will naturally be focused on the first voyage of the Tampa. The West Honaker, second to be converted, recently underwent a successful dock trial at the Fore River yard of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation. During December a total of 1299 passengers, all classes, are reported to have departed from the Philippines (first figure represents cabin passengers, second figure steerage): To Hongkong 160-234; to Shanghai 45-6; Japan 4-3; Honolulu 3-604; Pacific coast 70-133; Singapore 14-0; Europe and miscellaneous ports 13-0. Filipino emi gration during the month to Honolulu increased considerably as did the movement to the Pacific coast. The comparison shows Honolulu, November 359-December 604; Pacific coast, No vember 83-December 133. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines there were exported from the Philippines during the month of November, 1926: To China and Japan ports 13,800 tons with a total of 41 sailings, of which 8,371 tons were carried in American bottoms with 15 sailings; to Pacific coast for local delivery 19,239 tons with 14 sailings, of which 19,164 tons were carried in American bottoms with 12 sailings; to Pacific coast for transhipment 2,913 tons with 10 sailings, of which 2,803 tons were carried in American bottoms with 9 sailings; to Atlantic Coast 15,552 tons with 9 sailings, of which 1,432 tons were carried in American bottoms with 2 ADMIRAL ORIENTAL LINE MANILA VIA HONGKONG - SHANGHAI - KOBE - YOKOHAMA Manila Arrives Seattle President Grant - - - Jan. 8 Jan. 30 President Madison - - - - Jan. 20 Feb. 11 President Jackson - - - - Feb. 1 Feb. 24 President McKinley - - - Feb. 13 Mar. 7 President Lincoln .Mar. 5 Mar. 28 Only Two-Day Stop at Hongkong Twenty-three days Manila to Seattle OXYGEN Electrolytic Oxygen 99% pure HYDROGEN Electrolytic Hydrogen 99% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite Electric Stor age Batteries ADMIRAL ORIENTAL LINE Phone 22441 24 David i 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL MANILA IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 sailings; to European ports 24,152 tons with 16 sailings, of which 44 tons were carried in Ameri can bottoms with 1 sailing; to Australian ports 1,480 tons with 4 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none; or a grand total of 77,136 tons with 94 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 31,814 tons with 39 sailings. SHIPPING PERSONALS Leonard Yates, Far Eastern manager of the Prince Line, is at Cebu looking after the salvage operations of the Asiatic Prince ashore just outside of Cebu. William B. Pennington, formerly with the Ward Line on the Atlantic coast, arrived at Manila aboard the ss President Polk December 23 and has been assigned in charge of the claim department of the Dollar company, vice Mr. Megirt, transferred. Geo. P. Bradford, agent in the Philippines for the American Australia Orient Line, sailed for Hongkong December 29 aboard the Pres ident Lincoln. Mr. Bradford is on business of the firm and expects to return to Manila the middle of January. Mr. E. R. Bush, assistant agent, is in charge during Mr. Bradford’s absence. John Roy Shaw, Agent in Manila for the Canadian Pacific Railway, was absent from Manila a few days during December, looking over business and shipping conditions at South ern Philippine ports. Mr. Shaw upon his return to Manila reported unusual shipping activity in and around Cebu but a decided lack of facil ities to care for the increasing number of ships calling there. J. W. Huck, General Agent in the Orient for the Great Northern Railway, arrived in Manila December 20 and expects to remain until January 8. In addition to being in Manila on Railway business, Mr. Huck will greet Mrs. Huck January 6 when she arrives from Australia. Mrs. Huck has been visiting in Australia for several months. Lacy Goodrich, one of the best known ship ping men on the Pacific field, recently joined the Dollar organization as agent at Cebu, Philip pine Islands. James Wells, Chief Clerk, Dollar Line, Manila, was recently appointed agent of the same line at Iloilo where offices are to be opened effective February 1. EARLIER DAYS: GETTING TRADE Armenians and Mohammedans of India began coming to Manila when commerce with Europe Manila to New York via Suez and Europe I See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of [ several days in many ports. You can travel I | through Europe and catch our boat for New i | York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. I j “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” I I i NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD | Zuellig &1 von Knobelsdorff I Agents j i 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 | was prohibited (at the instance of Mexico and Peninsulars who were interested in the Atlantic trade). The English and French were those who carried on the commerce, merely putting Mo hammedan names on their ships, which had Mohammedan crews and flew the Mohammedan flag. The captain and supercargo upon landing in Manila had with them two or three Moham medans; they explained to the governor that these Mohammedans were the owners and they only the interpreters, all of which was feigned; but the presents they usually gave and the utility of the trading to Manila induced the governors to permit the cargoes to be unloaded and sold. —From Zuniga's Estadismo: 1805. DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE | SERVES THE WORLD 24 Calle David High-class Passenger ROUND THE WORLD and Freight Service Telephone 22441 1 i The President Liners Offer SAILINGS EVERY SPEED—SERVICE—COURTESY—COMFORT Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, SAILINGS EVERY 14 DAYS Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming, Pool, Sports. 14 DAYS To SAN FRANCISCO ' via , HONGKONG, SHANGHAI, KOBE, To BOSTON-NEW YORK via SINGAPORE, PENANG, COLOMBO, SUEZ, PORT SAID, ; YOKOHAMA, AND HONOLULU ALEXANDRIA, NAPLES, GENOA, MARSEILLES ROUND THE WORLD NEXT SAILING NEXT SAILING President Cleveland Jan. 12 President Garfield Jan. 21 President Pierce - Jan. 26 President Harrison - Feb. 4 Through Rates to Europe Stopovers will be granted which permit the making of interesting side 1 Railway Tickets to all points of America. trips at various points. | IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman Macleod Company 1 This report covers the Manila hemp market for the month of De cember with statistics up to and including December 31, 1926. U. S. Grades.—The New York market open ed fairly steady with sellers at JI, 11-3/4 cents; I, 15-1/4 cents and F, 17-1/4 cents. By the end of the first week buyers were showing considerable in terest and prices had advanced 1/8 cent on I and F. The buying continued fairly brisk until about the middle of the month and prices ad vanced to JI, 11-7/8 cents; I, 15-5/8 cents and F, 17-3/4 cents. The market during the latter half of the month was affected by the Holidays and remained quiet to dull with very few sales being reported. Prices were nominally 1/8 cent to 1/4 cent lower. The market in Manila was steady at the begin ning of the month with shippers buying on the basis of E, P41.50; F, P40.00; G, 1*23.00; H, P19.00; I, P35.50; JI, P26.50; SI, 1*39.00; S2, P34.00 and S3, P26.50. The continuous rains in the hemp-producing districts affected production and the hemp arriving found ready buyers and by the middle of the month prices were on the basis of E, P43.00; F, 1*41.4; G, P24; H, P20.4; I, 1*36.4; JI, P27; SI, P40.4; S2, P35.4; S3, P27.4. The market here con tinued firm throughout the balance of the month and closed with buyers on the basis of E, P43; F, P42; G, P24; H, P20.4; I, P36.4; JI, P26.4; SI, 1*41; S2, P35.4; S3, P27. Most of the shipping houses were buyers at these prices although the selling prices in the New York market were from P0.50 to Pl.00 less than these equivalent. U. K. Grades:—The market in the U. K. and on the Continent opened steady with ship pers offering on the basis of J2, £47; K, £45; LI, £45; L2, £41.10; Ml, £41.10 and M2 £36.10. For the first week the market was firm and prices advanced about £1 per ton on the average. There was a fair amount of buying up until the last week of the month when the market became dull and inactive. At the end of the month the London dealers were offering to sell on the basis of J2, £46; K, £45; LI, £45; L2, £41; Ml, £41 and M2, £36.10. The shipping houses were offering Housemarks at from 30/to £2 per ton more with no buyers. The Manila market for U. K. grades opened with buyers on the basis of J2, P23; K, P21; LI, P21; L2, P19; Ml, 1*19; M2, P17; DL, P16 and DM, P12.4. Throughout the month only a moderate quantity of U. K. rgades were available and prices advanced gradually. By the 15th prices on all grades were up P0.50 a picul and by the end of the month it is reported sales were made in this market on the basis of J2, P24; K, P22.50; LI, P22.50; L2, P20.50; Ml, P2O.5O; M2, P18.; DL, P17.50 and DM, 1*14. The dealers report the production of U. K. grades in Albay and Camarines is being seriously interfered with by the continuous wet weather. Independent reports would indicate that the hemp latties in this district are in splendid con dition and heavy production may be looked for as soon as the weather permits. Freight Rates:—The Associated Steamship Lines advanced all freight rates from Manila to the U. S. $0.50 per bale effective Dec. 9, 1926. The new rates are as follows; From Manila and Cebu to Pacific Coast ports for local consumption $1.50 per bale; to Pacific Coast ports for tran shipment to inland mills $1.25; to Atlantic Coast and Gulf ports $2.25. Shipments from all other ports in the Philippine Islands carry an arbi trary of $0.35 per bale above these rates. The Associated Steamship Lines also made the following changes in the rates to Japan. All shipping houses who will agree to use only the steamers of the Association and will sign a con tract to that effect will be granted a rate of 1‘2 per bale on hemp shipped from Manila or Cebu to any of the Japanese ports and a rate of 1*2.70 per bale on hemp shipped from other Philippine ports. Shippers not signing the contract will be charged 1*2.50 per bale on hemp moving from Manila and Cebu and 1*3.20 per bale on hemp moving from other Philippine ports to Japan. This agreement was effective Dec. 15, 1926. Statistics;—We give below the figures for the period extending from November 30th to December 31st: Stocks on January 1st. . Receipts to December 31. Stocks on December 31... 1926 Bales 153,181 1,254,295 130,128 192S Bales 131,228 1,241,078 153,181 S h i p m e n t s To the— United Kingdom......... Continent of Europe.. Atlantic U. S.............. U. S. via Pacific......... Japan............................ Elsewhere and Local.. . To Dec. 31, To Dec. 31, 1926 1925 Bales Bales 274,715 347,545 176,693 147,057 337,800 325,554 163,412 153,251 236,304 171,141 88,424 74,577 Total...........'. . . 1,277,348 1,219,125 » RIU HERMANOS S 151 ESCOLTA DECEMBER SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild New York Market: The closing price of the previous month of 3-3/8 cents for Cubas report ed in my last letter has been maintained during the first week of the month under review. The market showed fur ther improvement dur ing the second week when on the 13th there were small sales of Cu bas for prompt shipment at a price of 3 - 7 /16 cents c. and f., equivalent to 5.21 cents duty paid for Philippine centrifugals, being the highest price recorded during the last two years. This in crease was evidently due to the rumor that the President of Cuba was to sign a decree limiting the Cuban production to 4,500,000 tons, which he did on the 11th, thus putting into effect theCuban restriction plan. It is, however, inter esting to note that after the market had reached its peak, it turned dull and uninteresting through out the rest of the month with sales of Cubas on the basis of 3-5/16 cents c. and f. or 5.08 cents duty paid for Philippine centrifugals, showing that the effect of the Cuban restriction plan had been discounted, and that the visible stocks in New York, being still too large, are adversely affecting prices under the operation of the law of supply and demand. Stocks in the Atlantic Coast at the end of the month were 190,000 tons as compared with 60,668 tons at the same time in 1925, and 15,956 tons in 1924, while' the world’s visible supplies for the same period were 3,250,000 tons as com pared with 3,130,000 tons last year, and 2,438,000 tons in 1924. The sugar market for future deliveries has con tinued strong especially for far distant deliveries. Fluctuations of quotations on the Exchange as compared with those of the previous month follow: THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK : LTD. : (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - 89,500,000.00 Undivided Profits - 5,982,168.08 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 1759—MANAGER PHONE 1758—GENERAL OFFICE IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 December w^th^prev^ous November month High Low Latest High Low Latest Dec.... . 3.32 3.14 3.18 ‘ ‘ 3.20 2.75 3.20 Jan....... . 3.28 3.16 3.23 ‘ • 3.20 2.77 3.20 March.. . 3.31 3.12 3.31 ‘ ‘ 3.15 2.77 3.15 July.... . 3.45 3.26 3.44 ‘‘ 3.29 2.94 3.29 Sept.... . 3.50 3.33 3.49 ‘ ‘ 3.36 3.01 3.36 There were only 17,500 tons of Philippine centrifugals, near arrivals and afloats, sold in the New York market during the month as compared with approximately 60,000 tons sold during the previous month. The total sales to date of 1926/1927 crop of P. I. centrifugals on the Atlantic coast amount to about 110,000 metric tons. This does not include the sales made on the Pacific coast of the U. S. The December sales were made on the basis of 5.02 cents landed terms. Quotations for refined have fluctuated to some extent, from 6.05 cents to 6.40 cents. Local Market: There has been considerable activity in the Iloilo market during the first half of the month, and fair quantities of centri fugals exchanged hands at prices ranging from 1*12.00 to P12.50 per picul. The local market, however, developed weakness in the latter half of the month, buyers having reduced their prices to P12.00 per picul, at which quota tion small parcels were sold. The local market for muscovados was un interesting during the month. The few small lots offered were sold at prices ranging from P7.75 to 1*8.00 per picul on the basis of No. 1. Rather continuous rains have fallen in Negros during the month which had the effect of de laying the maturity of the cane. Purities, however, have not been adversely affected by the wet weather, and records to date are satis factory. In spite of a continuous drizzle of rain since the beginning of harvesting operations, practically all the centrals on that island have been grinding up to capacity. On the other hand, planting for the 1927/1928 crop has been delayed on account of the weather, since there has been little or no wind or sun for weeks, and the lands are too wet for cultivation. On Luzon, weather conditions for the previous month have been favorable both for planting and harvesting. The Balanga Central in Bataan, one of the newly erected centrifugal mills, has already commenced grinding, while the other mills which are still under construction are expected to start up within a few weeks. Up to date about one-fourth of the total estimated crop has been harvested, amounting to approximately 110,000 metric tons of sugar, most of which has been sold, since funds are needed and facilities for financing hauling are limited. Of this amount but 30,334 metric tons have been shipped to the U. S. since No vember 1, 1926, to December 25, 1926. Shipping statistics from January 1 to December 25, 1926, are as follows: U. S. U. S. China & Atlantic Pacific Japan Total (Metric Tons) Centrifugal. 273,360 47,054 ------ 320414 Muscovados------ ------------- 66,707 66,707 Refined. . . .------ 1,754 139 1,893 273,360 48,808 66,846 389,014 Miscellaneous: Another decrease of about 100,000 tons from the previous estimate of the European crop has been reported. Advices from Mauritius state that the loss of cane due to the hurricane which struck that island last April has proved to be greater than anticipated, and the quantity for export is now estimated at not more than 185,000 tons, which represents a shortage of approximately 45,000 tons, last season’s shipments being about 230,000 December closing quotations Superiors— Dpcpmhpr Gs..................... January.............. .Gs. 14-1/4. . . . 1*12.19 February............ .Gs. 14-1/2 . . . 12.40 March................ .Gs. 14-5/8. . . . 12.51 May.................... .Gs. 21-1/2. . . 11.65 June................... .Gs. 21.............. 11.38 July, Aug., Sept.. .Gs. 20.............. 10.85 WELCH - FAIRCHILD, LTD. SUGAR FACTORS AND EXPORTERS MANILA, P. I. Agents Cable Address: New York Agents': Hawaiian - Philippine Company WEHALD, Manila Welch, Fairchild & Co., Inc., Operating Sugar Central Standard Codes 135 Front Street Silay, Occ. Negros, P. I. San Francisco Agents: Mindoro Sugar Company Welch & Co., San Jost, Mindoro, P. I. 215 Market Street tons, most of which found its way to the United Kingdom. It has been rumored that Japan is contem plating revising its present tariff on sugar to facilitate Cuban sugar competing with Javan sugar in the Oriental market. If this is done, Java will no longer have the monopoly which it has been enjoying for years due to its prox imity to the Asiatic market, and the Filipino muscovado producer who sells his sugar in this market will have to face a keener competition from the Javan and Cuban producers both of which, due to the lower standard of living, are able to produce sugar at a much lower cost than it can be produced in the Philippines. Since this change may provide an outlet for some 500,000 tons of Cuba’s surplus sugar, it will tend to advance prices in the Occidental markets. The latest estimate of the Formosan sugar crop shows a considerable decrease from that reported in the preliminary estimate. The Javan market has continued firm and active at the advance. Closing quotations as compared with those of the revious month are as follows: November closing quotations Gs. 13............................... 1*11.14 per picul Gs. 13-1/4....................... 11.35 per picul Gs. 13-3/8....................... 11.46 per picul Gs. 21............................... 11.38 per picul Gs. 19-3/4....................... 10.71 per picul Gs. 19-1/4....................... 10.45 per picul MENTAL STABILITY The condition of your vision governs more than you think your mental stability and peace of mind. Slight defects of vision cause unconscious eyestrain and this often results in irritability and that annoying inability to fully concentrate on your business or household problems. A CLARK & CO. eye examination will disclose the trouble 'and eye glasses, if prescribed, will rectify it. Always the best in quality but never highest in price The Philippine Guaranty Company, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance ow rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. Mftr’s. Tel. 22110 Main Office Tel. 441 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By M. D. Royer Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company 26 to December 25: The increased move ment of commodities for December was due in part to the holiday market and also was the result of an accu mulation due to delays in transportation follow ing the typhoon of November 5. The fol lowing statistics cover the movement of the designated commodities over the railroad into Manila from November 1926 December November Rice, cavans.................... 184,250 Sugar, piculs................... 240,912 Tobacco, bales................. 7,980 Copra, piculs................... 222,880 Desiccated coconuts, cases 10,578 Coconuts........................... 2,520,000 Lumber, b.f..................... 253,000 175,875 121,632 13,160 178,640 11,172 2,324,000 133,320 Manila was founded by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, conqueror of the Philippines. After residing a few years in Cebu he came with his fleet to Manila, made peace with Lacandola, prince of Tondo, and with the prince’s nephew, Raja Soliman, who, however, did not submit until May 18, 1571, for which reason Legaspi did not take possession of the city until the day following, May 19, on which the Church cele brates the feast of Santa Potenciana, who was chosen the patron saint of these islands, and Manila the metropolis. Legaspi built houses sufficient for himself, the friars who came with him and the inhabitants and soldiers. On the day of St. John the Baptist he founded the city, giving it the name of Manila, afterward approved by His Majesty (Philip II), who conceded Legaspi an escutcheon consisting of a silver castle on a red field in the upper half, and in the lower half a dolphin, with a lion holding a sword in its upraised paw and beating the sea with its tail. —From Zuniga’s Estadismo: 1805. TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. Meyer Alhambra Cigar arul Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw Leaf: A few larger sized parcels of the 1926 crop have been disposed of by dealers to local facto ries. On the whole, the market in grades for local consumption has however remained rather quiet during De cember. A number of enquiries are reported from Holland and Ger many and some im provement in the export to those countries is expected for 1927. On the other hand, the 1926 export to Spain (the chief buyer of Philippine tobacco) shows a marked decrease in comparison with 1925 figures, and, according to present information, a further decline in shipments to that country during 1927 appears probable. In consequence of these decreased export activities, local stocks of raw leaf are accumulating alarmingly, being estimated per December 31, 1926, at some 60,000,000 kos. or 13,000,000 and 22,000,000 kos. over 1925 and 1924 respectively. Shipments abroad during December are as follows: Washington Grocery NG TIP & COMPANY Exclusive Importers Colonial Brand Best German Export Beer Light Wines and Liquors 207 - 209 ECHAGUE Phones 1065-1717 Leaf Tobacco and Scraps Kilos Australia.............................................. 481 Belgium............................................... 33,907 China................................................... 8,609 Holland................................................ 132,144 Hongkong............................................ 31,925 Japan................................................... 164,513 Straits Settlements............................. 5,474 United States..................................... 58,289 Uruguay............................................... 2,347 437,689 Cigars: The expected increase in the United States business, due to internal revenue tax reduction which went into force on March 29, 1926, did not materialize. Per contra it seems that the sale of the American machine made cigar has thereby been benefited more than the Manila product. Another deterrent factor for the local industry was the cigarmakers’ strike in four of the biggest factories, which lasted about 10 weeks. 212,872,148 206,005,581 Comparative figures for the trade with the United States during 1925 and 1926 are as follows: 1925 1926 January.................... 12,100,270 14,026,534 February.................. 12,272,719 15,176,412 March....................... 16,764,160 17,699,008 April. . 12,762,921 17,154,776 May.......................... 19,041,369 17,584,906 June.......................... 18,441,200 17,148,262 July........................... 17,662,738 14,727,808 August...................... 18,039,502 21,842,973 13,579,849 September................ 13,758,438 October..................... 23,210,700 23,557,668 November................. 20,059,968 17,506,448 December................. 20,673,628 24,085,472 Note.—Mr. Meyer represents two well known cigar and cigarette factories in Manila, Alhambra and La Flor de Intal, which, heretofore in separate districts, are now in the excellent new premises on calle Tayuman. At the invitation of Mr. Meyer the Journal editor visited these two factories on the occasion of their public reception in December. The factories now being conveniently adjacent to one another, many improvements have been effected even upon the former high standards always maintained. All rooms are spacious and flooded with ample light and ventilation. Employees work under conditions of the utmost French Plate Glass Port-Light Glass Florentine Glass Rippled-Glass Window Glass of All Kinds Mirrors made Squires Bingham Co. Sportsmen’s Headquarters 15 Plaza Goiti, Manila Phone 300 GORDON’S DRY GIN The leading Gin all over the world When ordering a ! “Martini” I Cocktail, j be sure to call i for a “Gordon’s” Martini Cocktail. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 zomfort and thorough sanitation. Wrapper and other leaf is mechanically stripped with the latest American machines. A large loft is devoted exclusively to the scientific treatment of the locally grown leaf after its assortment into grades; and this leaf, of course, comes only from the Cagayan valley, Cagayan and Isabela provinces. From the loft the leaf is handled entirely by mechanical devices. It is carried through metal chutes by the force of a draft of air. In its passage it goes through revolving drums heated to assure complete freedom from insects, and other drums where it is gradually cooled. In this process the leaf is never touched by the hand. At the conclu sion, distribution is made to the benches in strict accord with each man’s requirements. The same care is exerted over the making and the packing of the product, cigars and cigarettes. Like other leading factories of Manila, Al hambra and La Flor de Intal are always open to visitors. American, Sumatra and native leaf, all selected, go into the fabrication of the cigars, by the most skilled workmen anywhere to be found. In handcrafts, the Filipino is nowhere surpassed; the cigar industry ,of Manila illustrates this well established fact. The factories are equipped with an “M. A. N.” Diesel power plant. The history of the Diesel engine began in February, 1893, by contract of the Maschinenfabrik Augsburg by which that firm undertook to construct an engine in accordance with designs submitted by Rudolf Diesel, an engineer of Munich. Fuel economy and high efficiency are claims of the Diesel type of engine.—Ed. LUMBER REVIEW FOR NOVEMBER By Florencio Tamesis .let,,hi Diwtw. Bureau of forestry Figures compiled by the Bureau of Forestry covering the lumber trade, both local and foreign, for the month of November do not show any marked difference in the movement of lumber for this month as compared with the cor responding month last year. The movement of lumber locally is practically the same as that of the correspond ing period last year but the amount of export for November, 1926, is slightly bigger than that of November, 1925. The local mills produced more this year than during the corresponding period last year, but the amount of lumber ship ped and in stock was much larger last year than this year. The amount of export for November is about a million feet over that of last month (October), but is slightly less in value. It is presumed that this means that a better grade of lumber, or lumber of higher price, was shipped last month. Compared with the value of lumber export in November, 1925, the grade of this month’s export is considerably higher. In other words, while the bulk of our export for November, 1925, was practically the same as the volume shipped out this month, the value of this month’s shipment is greater than that of last year. If anything, this means that either a better quality of lumber is being turned out or higher prices are obtaining this month. In this connection it may be stated that large lumber firms are now beginning to appreciate the advantage of quality over quantity produc tion. One of the biggest sawmills in the islands has been reported as having sacrificed speed in production in order to obtain a better grade of product (export grade). This practice will naturally result in less volume of output but higher value per unit product. It is hoped that the practice of this particular mill will eventually be adopted by the rest of the lumber outfits in the Philippines. Our export trade for this month is shown by the following table: Destination United States............................................................ Japan......................................................................... Australia................................................................... China......................................................................... Canada...................................................................... Great Britain............................................................ Hongkong................................................................. Netherlands............................................................... Guam......................................................................... Spain......................................................................... Total.......................................................... The mill production, lumber shipment and lumber inventory for November of this year, reported from 32 mills as compared with those for November last year, are as follows: November mill production, 1926, 15,273,412, THE NEWEST EQUIPMENT IS ON THE NORTH COAST LIMITED SEATTLE TO CHICAGO (DIRECT CONNECTION TO THE EAST AND SOUTH) “NEWEST” means an Observation-Lounge Car surpassing all others heretofore designed. Barber, Valet, Ladies Maid, Bath, Library, Smoking and Card Rooms, Writing Desk, inviting lounge and wide observation platform. “NEWEST” means Pullman sleeping cars different from any you have | seen on any other train. Permanent head-boards divide the sec- j tions for greater privacy. Interior Decorations in soft, new colors. ; Here is luxury unlimited for sleeping car passengers. All Steel ! Construction Means Safety. In the Dining Car are those “famously good” Northern Pacific meals, served with deft courtesy and skill at low prices. I Daily from Seattle to Chicago IN 70 HOURS. J No change of cars. For rates and literature write R. J. TOZER GENERAL AGENT 609 Robert Dollar Bldg. Shanghai, China. NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY “2000 MILES OF STARTLING BEAUTY” 1926 1925 November November Board Feet Value Board Feet Value 2,504,144 P247.633 2,747,096 P218.475 2,378,640 104,844 940,432 20,575 63,704 640,240 51,699 782,280 109,392 9,605 502,440 11,893 — — 179,352 21,970 35,192 3,270 127,200 11,153 — — 72,928 6,050 23,320 2,100 19,504 3,080 9,328 1,527 — — — 31 5,700,256 P420.709 5,371,232 P356.900 and 1925, 13,250,729; lumber shipment (same month, November), 1926, 14,094,789, 1925, 15,583,366; lumber inventory (same periods re spectively), 1926, 30,624,087, 1925, 34,748,200. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder shown above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WASHINGTON ENGINES PALE PILSEN DELICIOUSLY REFRESHING SOLD AT AMERICAN CHAMBER BAR STATISTICAL REVIEW IMPORTS AND EXPORTS FROM AND TO ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC PORTS BY NATIONALITY OF CARRYING Nationality of Vessel. Period IMPORTS EXPORTS Atlantic Pacific Countries Total Atlantic Pacific Total Bi? •gg B-h Monthly............................ 688307 548399 s iS 3:702:402 7,786 4,901 793 1,552 14,239 Swedish Monthly....... Norwegian Monthly . . S’&ii 810,536 1,022,138 Finnish Month,.... Philippine Month!. !“ German Month... . Spamsh Monthly.. 263 263 Mai. Months. 417;788 45^:^6 417,788 ■gg Total Monthly... ............... Has 5®g Note: Monthly average is for 12 months previous to November 1926 .... . IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 Commodities Coconut Oil.......................................... Cigars (Number)................................. Embroidery........................................... Maguey.................................................. Leaf Tobacco....................................... Desiccated and Shredded Coconut. Hats (Number)................................... Lumber (Cubic Meters)................... Copra Meal.......................................... Cordage................................................. Knotted Hemp.................................... Pearl Buttons (Gross)....................... Canton (low grade cordage fiber).. All Other Products............................. Total Domestic Products................. United States Products..................... Foreign Products................................. Grand Total......................... Articles PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Quantity November, 1926 Value P 2,219,437 4,938,412 5,799.662 2,230,674 1,021,674 990,602 313,172 712,150 433,128 231,077 368,311 450,291 120,832 158,883 80,251 60,143 603,776 % Quantity 1 3 7 6 7 7 9 8 6 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 20,623,020 99 84,083 0 25,372 0 5 1 P20.732.47S 100.0 November, 1925 Value 435,322 7,055,378 6,289,926 1,464,676 1,097,832 1,027,660 451,795 150,099 536,672 649,457 325,805 409,945 228,422 115,291 64,598 138,582% 338,823 2 33 30 7 5 4 0 2 3 1 2 1 0 1 20,780,283 99 39,048 0 20,285 0 NOTE:—All quantities are in kilograms except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS Monthly average for November, 1926 November, 1925 12 months ending .November, 1926 IMPORTS Value Monthly average for 12 months previous to November, 1926 Quantity Value % 6 3 6 7 1,748,364 947,314 1,182,878 74,348 28,657 5,300,817 389,649 45,233 80,782 20,536 12 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 9 4 8 1 2 8 7 0 0 0 0 2 6 1 0 7 3 2 1 P22.705.866 100 6 3 1 0 Cotton Cloths................... Other Cotton Goods. . . . Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... Rice..................................... Wheat Flour..................... Machinery and Parts of. . Dairy Products................ Gasoline............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles...................... Vegetable Fiber Goods. . Meat Products................. Illuminating Oil............... Fish and Fish Products. . Crude Oil........................... Coal..................................... Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, Etc................................... Fertilizer............................. Vegetables.......................... Paper Goods, Except Books.............. ................ Tobacco and Manufac tures of........................... Electrical Machinery. . . . Books and Other Printed Matters........................... Cars and Carnages, Ex cept Autos..................... Automobile Tires............ Fruits and Nuts.............. Woolen Goods.................. Leather Goods.................. Shoes and Other Footcoff«r’.'; ....................... Breadstuff's, Except Wheat Flour................. Eggs..................................... Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................. Lubricating Oil................ Cacao Manufatures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glasswear.... Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ Oils not Separately listed. Earthen Stones 8s ChinaAutomobile Accessories. . Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.. . . Wood, Bamboo, Reed. India Rubber Goods. . . . Soap.................................... Matches. . . >..................... Cattle and Carabaos. . . . Explosives.......................... Sugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films. . All Other Imports.......... 321,742 164,701 356,739 375,251 446,934 301,938 127,459 130,798 177,714 431,580 173,159 85.3S8 136,510 59,253 134,217 149,962 149,670 164,225 128,867 110,867 Total... % .5 6 13 6 8 3 4 4 2 6 3 3 2 1 0 2 3 2 2 4 0 0 9 9 2 0 7 1 1 8 0 9 2 0 2 1 9 7 8 0 0 5 0 1 6 8 0 0 0 8 9 0 9 0 0 5 7 0 3 7 0 8 8 0 0 9 7 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 7 4 2 1 2 2 Value P2,470,987 1,287,078 324,294 320,725 281,706 351,185 343,543 177,646 155,515 259,781 269,637 278,075 234,180 147,272 99,293 110,800 110,469 121,584 52,591 128,807 158,763 13 6 5 5 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 9 2 9 9 9 7 7 5 9 5 0 0 1 1 7 7 5 9 8 0 0 8 1 1 0 5 3 8 0 5 6 0 6 7 0 0 9 5 0 3 7 0 8 0 0 6 7 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 6 7 % .1 3 17 6 Nationality of Vessels Monthly average for November, 1926 November, 1925 12 months ending November, 1926 Value Value 1,494,497 813,"242 863,318 608,440 490,420 522,865 579,975 538,805 404,436 418,585 444,200 410,015 222,646 399,617 255,595 166,455 307.P10 344,714 227,567 100,504 225,737 183,642 163,762 216,388 163,158 137,140 178,808 133,846 121,738 138,678 129,381 114,091 115,421 124,609 23,528 7 8 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 0 0 1 3 9 6 1 8 9 5 1 2 1 8 2 9 8 1 0 0 8 7 0 9 7 0 0 7 3 0 0 6 7 0 0 7 6 0 0 6 6 0 1 0 0 5 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 8 P20.176^57 100 0 ^18,649,299 100.0 P19.593.427 100 PORT STATISTICS TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES 2 3 3 2 2 7 0 Ports Monthly average for November, 1926 November, 1925 12 months previous J to November, 1926 Value Manila........ Iloilo.......... Cebu.......... Zamboanga. Jolo............ % 72.2 9.1 14.6 Value % Value Total. 0 2 2 7 0 7 3 7 3 9 2 9 0 American.......... British.............. Japanese.......... Dutch............... German............ Norwegian. . .. Philippine........ Spanish............ French.............. Chinese............ Swedish............ Finnish............. Italian.............. Russian............ Dannish............ Portuguese. ... By Freight.. .. By Mail.......... Total. Nationality of Vessels American... Japanese... Swedish.. . . German.. . . Norwegian. Spanish.. .. Dutch........ Philippines. Finnish. .. . Chinese.. . . French........ By Freight. By Mail. . . Total. 50,636 54 24 5 0.2 62,527 72,344 % .0 Value 43 34 5 4 2 3 1 1 49 31 5 3 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 9 2 1 6,905 485 2.3 P20,176,557 100.0 P18,649,299 100.0 P19.593.427 100.0 EXPORTS Monthly average for November, 1926 November, 1925 12 months ending November, 1926 Value 1,001,510 8,753 % 42.9 31.9 9.9 1.9 2.9 1.7 0.6 Value % 48 27 2 3 3 3 1 1 7 9 2 9 9 1 Value % 45 26 8 3 2 7 9 0 0 7 9 8 6 5 34 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries United States........... United Kingdom.. .. French East Indies. Germany.................. Australia................... British East Indies. Dutch East Indies.. France........................ Netherlands.............. Italy............................ Hongkong.................. Belgium...................... Switzerland................ Japanese-China........ Norway....................... Denmark.................... Other Countries. . . . Total. Monthly average for November, 1926 November, 1925 12 months previous to November, 1926 Value 62 5 7 3 3 1 9 4 9 1 6 1 0 0.2 Value Value 67 5 8 2 2 66 7 3 3 9 7 9 2 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 7 6 2 5 9 9 8 2 0 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1927 I BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY | “LA URBANA” (Sociedad Mutua de Construccidn y Prestamos) Prestamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital j 155 Escolta Manila, P. I. B. A. GREEN REAL ESTATE Improved and Unimproved City, Suburban and Provincial Properties Expert valuation, appraisement and reports on real estate Telephone 507 34 Escolta Cable Address: “BAG” Manila Manila, P. I. Philippine Islands fr ffi ® 41 CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description ! j PHILIPPINES COLD STORES ; Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian j Refrigerated Produce J STORES AND OFFICES Manila, P. I. Calle Echague Phone 22516 P. O. Box 2103 Derham Building MORTON & ERICKSEN,INC. ■ Surveyors I AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING ’ Marine and Cargo Surveyors , j Sworn Measurers MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu • Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery ^INSURANCE j I | FIRE MARINE MOTOR CAR ' j F. E. ZUELLIG, Inc. Cebu Manila Iloilo Rosenberg’s Garage TELEPHONE 209 P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York -London—Merida—Davao MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal Contractors a nd Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU I Phone “El Hogar Filipino” 2 - 22 - 33 Building i WARNER, BARNES & CO., LTD. | Insurance Agents Transacting | All Classes of Insurance | | For latest styles in Gents' clothing | go to j Mr. MANUEL VALENTIN ! Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence 8c Co. j 16 Years’ Experience on High Class Garments , : 244 Pza. Sta. Cruz, Manila Phone 26130 SANITARY - CONVENIENT - SATISFACTORY! I Five European Barbers , Special attention given the ladies | Shampoos, facial massage and hair ! cuts under skilled management LA MARINA BARBER SHOP ! 117 Plaza Goiti Jose Cortina, Prop M. J. B. ! The Quality Coffee ! F. E. Zuellig, Inc. i Cebu Manila Iloilo | 121 Real, Intramuros, Manila Forty-four years without a dollar loss to any investor s. w. STRAUS & CO. BONDS for sale by J. A . STIVER i 1 P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 2-20--7° ' Quality ffi Shirts k TOYO SHIRT FACTORY 1044 AZCARRAGA. MANILA. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL CARNIVAL FOOD PRESERVATION EXHIBIT AND DEMONSTRATION UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE Housewives thrifty housewives should not fail to see this exhibit where they can get pointers on this all-important question of domestic economy ONE THOUSAND PESOS IN CASH IN PRIZES AND A BEAUTIFUL CUP will be awarded the best provincial exhibit for the purpose of creating a nation wide interest Arizona Jack Jolly Nelly The Bughouse Ammed Mosa The Caterpillar THIS YEAR’S SIDESHOWS as well as the free attractions will all be Sparkling with Newness and A Rousing Explosion of Crackling Fun Lover’s Lane Terrell’s Silodrome Mysterious Labyrinth Dare Devil Jack Cox and other side shows Be a Holder of Privileges! They are many and varied their price is so low that everybody can afford to pay it You do not want to miss the many gorgeous Balls A T TT^\T/T'/r^'DTT TA/T where grace, beauty and in the A-/1 A Vx JX.A AVA charm will reign supreme Tirestone Why Firestone Tires Are Better Firestone’s tremendous resources and facilities are a definite factor in keeping Firestone tires better. Firestone’s buying organization in the primary markets insures the most uniform quality and highest grade raw materials. A large staff of research special ists is constantly engaged in extensive laboratories designing the best tire con struction toinsuretires of greatest strength and durability. (The Balloon tire is a development of Firestone engineers.) Through the progressiveness of the Firestone organization with its 14,000 stockholder employees, Firestone users are assured of the utmost in tire values Most Miles Per Peso PACIFIC COMMERCIAL COMPANY FIRESTONE DISTRIBUTOR IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL