The American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 7, No.5 (May 1927)

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 7, No.5 (May 1927)
Issue Date: Vol. 7, No.5 (May 1927)
Year: 1927
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extracted text: Monitors Choicest Cigarettes ROSIT AS The full, rich flavor and fragrance of Isabela’s Finest tobacco, carefully selected and prepared 30 for 10 Cent 20 for 8 avos Centavos Sold Everywhere CORONAS ORIENTE EL ORIENTE FABRICA DE TABACOS, INC. 732 Calle Evangelista MANILA MANUFACTURERS OF Coronas Oriente Jean Valjean Fighting Bob HIGH GRADE CIGARS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL FRANK cN, CO.. Inc. commercial stationers — qualified by reputation, by experience and by service Time books of every kind; monthly, two-weekly, and weekly. Double and single page styles—from “pock et sizes” up to desk books, 14X8". Blank books is our main line. We carry a well balanced assortment at all times in general blanks, co lumnar books, bing books, as well as loose leaf books, binders and sheets. 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E, Selph, General Counsel S, F. Gaches Robert E. Murphy H. M. Cavender ALTERNATE DIRECTORS W. L. Applegate George H. Fairchild John L. Headington Walter Z. Smith EXECUTIVE: H. L. Heath, Chairman C. M. Cotterman George H. Fairchild RELIEF: W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING: Fred A. Leas, Chairman John Pickett LEGISLATIVE: C. M. Cotterman, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll William J. Rohde MANILA P. I. John R. Wilson, Secretary COMMITTEES FINANCE AND AUDIT: B. A. Green, Chairman C. M. Cotterman Paul A. Meyer FOREIGN TRADE: S. F. Gaches, Chairman R. E. Murphy M. M. Saleeby Paul A. Meyer PUBLICATIONS: H. L. Heath, Chairman Carson Taylor BANKING AND CURRENCY: Stanley Williams, Chairman H. B. Pond RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT George H. Fairchild, Chairman John R. Wilson HOUSE: John L. Headington, Chairman Frank Butler LIBRARY: John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING: H. M. Cavender, Chairman L. L. Spellman CHAMBER INVESTMENTS: C. M. Cotterman, Chairman B. A. Green CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1927 VOLUME VII NUMBER 5 Page Our Congressional Visitors.................................................................... 5 /The Ilokano: Why He Migrates: Where He Goes (By Walter Robb)................................................................................................... 6 Philippine Population and Real Property Wealth by Prov inces....................................................................................................... 7 Pilgrimage to Antipolo: Story of the Virgin................................ 8 Our Island Neighbors in the Western Pacific (By Percy A. Hill)...................................................................................................... 9 Editorials— Visitors................................................................,................................ 10 Justice................................................................................................... 10 Ethics................................................................................................... 10 Gendarmes........................................................................................... 10 Paraphrase.......................................................................................... 10 Error...................................................................................................... 10 President Coolidge’s Philippine Economic Summary.................. 11 O. M. Butler: His Work as U. S. Trade Commissioner........... 11 Typhoons: Their Assaults on Steam and Sail— Steamship Weathering Typhoon (By J. Courtney Hixon, published posthumously)..................................’....................... 12 Sailing Ship in Typhoon (By Juan Alvarez Guerra)... 13 Cost of the Pip: New Chicken Ailments........................................ 15 Page Of Special Value to Engineers and Dealers in Building Mate rials— Waterworks Systems Projected.................................................. 16 Waterworks Systems Under Construction............................. 17 The Humble Hiccough. . . ..................................................................... 18 Reviews of April Business— Real Estate (By P. D. Carman)............................................ 11 Shipping (By H. M. Cavender).............................................. 20 Lumber (By Florencio Tamesis)............................................ 22 Manila Hemp (By T. H. Smith)........................................... 23 Cigars and Tobacco (By P. A. Meyer)................................ 23 Rice (By Percy 'A. Hill)............................................................. 24 Sugar (By George H. Fairchild)............................................ 24 Commodity Movements by Rail (By M. D. Royer).. . . 24 Copra and Its Products (By S. A. Seidenspinner). ... 25 Statistical Summary of Overseas Commerce— Ports by Nationality of Carrying Vessels........................... 26 Principal Exports........................................................................... 27 Principal Imports........................................................................... 27 Port Statistics.................................................................................... 27 Carrying Trade............................................................................... 27 Foreign Trade by Countries....................................................... 27 The American Chamber of Commerce is ready and willing at all times to furnish detailed information to any American Manufacturer, Importer, Exporter or other Americans who are interested in Philippine matters. Address all communications and requests for such information to the Secretary of the Chamber No. 14 Calle Pinpin, Manila, P. I. The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines is a member of the UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, and is the largest and moat adequately financed American Chamber of Commerce outside the continental boundaries of the United States. The organization has Twelve Hundred members, all Americans, scattered over the Philippine Archipelago from Tawi-Tawi to the Batanes. The organization of branches in all the American communities of the Asiatic Coast is being stimulated. 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 Commercial Printing is a silent but Powerful Messenger Your letter heads, bill heads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that “feeling of confidence’’. Our reputation for producing GOOD PRINTING has been earned and merits your patronage. McCullough Printing Company 424 Rizal Ave. Phone 800 Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 302 Port Area The Philippine Guaranty Company, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance ow rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. Mir’s. Tel. 22110 Main Office Tel. 441 Increase the value of your house | —Use PLATE GLASS windows— | Save your Furniture [ —Use PLATE GLASS table tops - | Get more light in factory or home —Use CORRUGATED WIRE GLASS skylights— Ask us for prices Squires Bingham Co. SPORTSMEN’S HEADQUARTERS MANILA j 15 Plaza Goiti Phone 300 I i best tail oring and suitings. | 'g| men have 1 selection | f good j have the Phone 706 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL A SIGNIFICANT VISITATION JOHN Q. TILSON. Five members of Con gress arrived in Manila on the transport Thom as late in April, John McSweeney of Ohio, John Q. Tilson of Con necticut, Lloyd Thurs ton of Iowa, W. W. Chalmers of Ohio, and P. E. Quinn of Missis sippi. Then on May 3 by the transport Somme came Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Mon tana, La Follette’s run ning-mate, and Con gressmen O. B. Burtness of North Dakota, J. R. Carew of New York City, W. F. Magrady of Pennsylvania, F. H. Foss of Massachusetts, R. E. Updike of Indiana, W. R. Wood of Indiana, R. O. Woodruff of Michigan, and L. R. Watres of Pennsylvania. Fourteen, in two parties: numerous and prom inent enough to be representative, not numer ous enough to upset things, and quite evidently out in the Far East to gain information to help them and their colleagues in Congress in making up their minds about a question or two out here. The big question is, of course, the Philippines; and related to this is China and her situation. Related to both is the moral and commercial well-being of the United States. Believe us when we say that Tilson, concerned for manu factures, made no closer study of the situation than Burtness or Thurston, for examples, repre senting agricultural states; and with good reason, too, for the farms have surplus crops to market abroad, just as the factories have surplus products. In what the congressional visiters have had to say there is concern for the Philippines, but there is also concern for the United States— truly a new note and therefore truly significant. Quinn says the Philippines are now prepared for independence, enact it. As we go to press. Senator Wheeler, so far as the press has been noted, has not joined Quinn on this radical ground. Practically speaking, the others are all for working things out in another way which >nVolves no relinquishment of territory. Carew? Well, the Congressmen were enter-1 tained at luncheon at the American chamber of commerce Saturday, May 7, and there the guests and their ladies sat with members and their ladies who come from their respective states. Carew found men of Manila who began in his district, one who attended the same public school as he attended. Memories of the side walks of New York came back, to him: East side, West side, all around the town and * * * all around the world, even in Manila the boy that Mamie O’Rourke has thrown her lot in with for better or for worse is the boy, the big brother, as Carew put it himself, whose claims come first. John Q. Tilson hails from New Haven, repre sents Yale, and is majority floor leader. When measures have passed the respective committees they go to Tilson’s desk, where he decides their fate. No more than President Emeritus Arthur Hadley is he for withdrawing from the Far East. His influence may be depended upon in evolving a permanent policy respecting the Philippines. He stresses the need of economic development in the Philippines, he sees political danger, of course, in the enfranchised but still submerged millions, whose level of living must, in his judgment, be elevated to a much higher and firmer plane than it occupies at present. He has gone on, as have some of others, to study China and Japan. Congressmen W. R. Wood and R. O. Wood ruff spoke briefly at the chamber’s luncheon, as did Carew. Their views readily harmonize with Tilson’s. Wood is a sagacious and seasoned member of Congress, chairman of the Repub lican National Con gressional Central Com mittee. He is a man of strong convictions, and W. R. WOOD one of them is that Amer ica began wrong in the Philippines in holding out the prospect of political separation from the United States. He said that he believed if this had not been done, the question would not be heard of today and the people “would be living as contentedly and loyally under American sovereignty as are the people of Hawaii.” A readjustment of party attitude may come about. Lloyd Thurston of Iowa is a member of the House committee on insular affairs and giving the Philippines his closest attention. A man of mature years, he is young in Congress but winning an envi able reputation there. He is quietly seeing what can be done to further the progress of the Philippines and the LLOYD THURSTON 'Mutual interests of Fili pinos and Americans together with America’s national interests. In this category perhaps it should be said that he places America’s nation al interests above all other considerations; yet the welfare of the nation is, with him, the essential welfare of all. No party of Congress men ever visited the Philippines with more earnest desire to make their observations of value in future discussion of the islands and in new insular legislation. There is no doubt that the proposal made by President H. L. Heath in his address to the Congressmen, to extend to the Philippines the Federal administration that terri tories commonly have and always require, will be given due consideration. There is no doubt that the present tenuous political ties between the islands and the homeland are seen to be too fragile to be effective. J. A. Stiver, called upon at the luncheon, sup ported the territorial plan as the only feasible remedy for the present situation. The Somme takes most of the Congressmen away, for sojourns in China and Japan or a direct trip back to the United States. Congressman Chalmers goes on to Europe. Congressman Wood is among those who feel that each year at least some members of Congress should visit the islands and return a report to their colleagues on what they observe. It is a good idea, first broached in the form of a bill by Wainright, out here two years ago. For every Farm Job Fordsort THE UNIVERSAL TRACTOR Economical, Dependable and Powerful Has the power of 8 carabaos, does every farm, road and belt job. Can be operated on any kind of vaporizing fuel, 24 hours a day if desired. Price 1’1,525.00 cash. Easy terms can be arranged. IFnVe for our free illustrated Fordson Catalan MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY COMPANY MANILA For every belt Job IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 The Ilokano: Why He Migrates: Where He Goes By Walter Robb Dr. H. Otley Beyer, leading authority on Philippine peoples, estimates the present Ilokano population in the Philippines to be 1,750,000. There is a net increase of at least 25,000 per year, he thinks. The native Ilokano provinces, Ilokos Norte, Ilokos Sur and La Union, are filled up; they are overflowing with population and have been so for years, so that migration to other regions is suggested hy th- primal self preservation. Our front-cover this month and the picture accompanying this paper show young Ilokanos getting out of the islands on the. President McKinley to Hawaii and the United States. They are down at Pier No. 7 for inspec tion by the U. S. Public Health Service. Most of them, going either to Hawaii or San Francisco, have paid their own steerage fare, Pl20 if to Honolulu and Pl75 if to San Francisco. They seem a big crowd, they ^re a big crowd, yet they are just typical of the crowd leaving the islands for other American soil by every available passenger steamer sailing east. In 1925, when Judge Gary reluctantly accepted the eight-hour day in the plants of the United States Steel Company, he said there were pros pects of obtaining the additional necessary workmen from the Philippines. He was quite right, the prospects were excellent, and the workmen are going. Whether they work in steel plants or not is a study that must be made in America, not here; they at least gravitate to the industrial cities; they are capable of work ing, they must work somewhere, and they do. But workmen are not the only ones who migrate. On the last Empress to leave the Philippines were twenty Ilokano school teachers paying their way second class and bound for Seattle. They included all but two of all the male teachers from the town of Santo Domingo, Ilokos Sur. They will not teach in America, but they will find employment above the level of the steel furnace and the salmon boat. Look at this table of Filipinos, principally Ilokanos, who have migrated to Hawaii and the United States during the past ten years: Year U. S. Hawaii 1917 ....................................... 166 2,658 1918 ....................................... 806 2,769 1919 ....................................... 1,017 4,108 1920 ....................................... 915 3,547 1921 ..................... 480 7,012 1922 ....................................... 291 8,468 1923 ....................................... 752 7,413 1924 ....................................... 1,924 10,082 1925 ....................................... 1,427 7,215 1926 ....................................... 4,381 5,046 Now we have an annual surplus population of 25,000 to account for, and it is observed that even in 1926 slightly less than 10,000 went to Hawaii and the United States—many of those who first stop at Hawaii going on later to the mainland. There are still 15,000 to distribute. Their emigration from the home provinces is mainly, though not wholly, confined to other regions of the islands. Perhaps 5,000 a year find their way injto the Cagayan valley; others migrate southward into Nueva Ecija, which they have made the leading rice-growing province of the islands. Going to Mindoro depends upon circumstances governing the sugar industry there; just now these circumstances are favorable, so Ilokano families are going to Mindoro. Thou sands go to Mindanao, but the most interesting and novel migration is into British North Borneo. Quite recently the British North Borneo government discovered the virtues of the Ilokano agricultural settler. Few are his superior, any where; so inducements were offered him to go to Borneo. He gets an enviable tract of land there, in which his rights are protected and where it is made convenient for him to put the fields into cultivation. Red tape is cut to the smallest measure—not to the broadest, as the govern ment seems to do here—so the Ilokano goes to Borneo and prospers. The government shares his prosperity, and so does the country generally. “British North Borneo,” remarks Percy A. Hill, “is now forging ahead. The old policy of subsisting off wild products is being rapidly changed, cultivation is found more profitable. Even along the line of the short railway and the coasts there are flourishing plantations of rubber andfabaca- Japanese from Davao (Mindanao, P. I.) have introduced the abaca, once a Philip pine farm monopoly. Plantations of coconuts and African palms are scattered but are rapidly being extended under the new land laws offering equaropportunities to all who comply with the regulations.” The Ilokano immigrant has his part in this development. He is adaptable. Leaving home as a mere husky young farmer, in America he finds his place in city industries as well as on farms growing crops he never h * Md of before, and in Borneo too he learns to grmSJmore than rice. Having to earn a livelihood, accustomed to stern conditions, he sets to work with a will and soon gets the hang of things. The Bikol region of Luzon, not Nueva Ecija and the Caga yan valley alone, now makes a place for the Ilokano immigrant. He goes where he can live; he goes into North Mindanao as well 'as into South Mindanao; it is always sufficient for the first few pioneers to write back that they have got hold, to bring on many others, which explains the mounting figures on emigration to the United States. One of the most transparent aspects of the rubber propaganda, which is hard to compre hend and probably inexplicable to its veiy spon sors, is the assertion that the labor available is insufficient in the Philippines. Yet among Ilokanos alone there is a potential supply of 25,000 new men each year; bonanza would not adequately describe the farm pioject that would accommodate them. But this aside, truth is, as the Journal and reputable contributors have consistently main tained, that labor in plenitude is to be had in the Philippines, at living wages. Men who wish to' get into the American tropics need not hesitate for fear of insufficient labor. It is the best crop of all in the Ilokano region; others sometimes fail there, but it never does. And it is wholly an export crop, there is no domestic demand in Ilokos Norte, Ilokos Sur and La Union for labor. These provinces have long been at the popu lation saturation point, the population of La Union is some 1,250 to the square mile; it is equally as dense in the other provinces, where the land is habitable at all. i In the Ilokano region, too, the scope of in dustry is very limited. Farming, and that rice farming, is practically the only industry. Dr. Beyer’s remarks, to be quoted later, do not conflict with this general statement, in that the farming pays so poorly that its returns must be eked out with other earnings. Actually the struggle for bare existence is a bitter one. The Journal has shown in an earlier paper how the size of Ilokano farms has steadily been declining, which may be seen by comparison of the census of 1903 with that of 1918; and yet it is to hold the remnants of land inheritances that the stronger members of a family will club their pittances together and furnish a weaker member with funds to pay his steamer passage. He is simply told to get out, he is given his hat and the door is significantly opened for him. This suggests the type of emigrant. The man who has gone to Hawaii under a contract with the recruiting company has been, necessarily, a selected man. His fare was paid, there were many among whom to choofee, so the best was chosen. J he process is often, if not quite gen erally,, reversed with the fellow who pays his way. He would like to stay at home too, but the stronger ones say no, get out: we are here and we propose to stay. The poor devil has to go. He may not be so bad compared to other native peoples, but he is weaker than the brothers that root him out. Life is therefore a very selective process among Uokaijos^the fittest survive, the less fit migrate. Of course many die, infant mortality figures would perhaps be shocking; the stem rule of sheer survival reaches into the cradle without remorse; and yet 25,000 mature pairs of hands each year find nothing to do at home, other hands are at the plow, other deft fingers at the loom. 11 —Let us look at the topography of the Ilokano region. It skirts the northwest coast of Luzon where the mountains crowd well toward the sea. The valleys are narrow, one five miles in width is an exception, and the mountain slopes are precipitous. Something approaching the gen erous levels of central Luzon is seen at Dingras, where a cut into the hills broadens into a con siderable expanse,, but elsewhere there is the sea, the cramped coastal plain and the background of niggardly mountains. They are not rich, just naked and forbiddin Yet you will ob May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 serve here and there that the Ilokanos have begun to terrace them into diminutive fields in stepladder fashion, just as do the Ifugaos in the more productive region on the other side of the ridges. Nature is inhospitable in the Ilokano region. The soil is stubborn and of mean quality, the floods damaging, the drouths terrible. Yet the people cling there, it is their ancient home. They build irrigation systems for whole com munities, and administer them by careful cus tomary laws. They stem the floods and belabor the fields to make them yield up crops. No wonder that the Ilokano bears his enviable reputation for industry; no wonder he is wanting in some of the finer distinctions of life, for life to him is a process of unremittent struggle where many perish and the best man—that is, the best in the brute sense—survives. He will indeed leave such a place, and gladly, to get what he cannot find there, a decent live lihood; and he will go away with habits of thrift and industry already fixed. The land is old, the soil impoverished. There are acreages that for taxing purposes are declared first class, but they only compare with second class lands in Nueva Ecija; they will not yield more than 50 or 60 cavans of palay (unhulled rice) to the hectare however diligently they may be tilled and watered. They are the best, most farms are not half so good; and so the pressure of population is having still another social effect, it is making the place of the cacique as unen viable as that of his peasants. His manor is hardly worth the holding, soon it will be impos sible for him to hold it. \.As labor has steadily cheapened, the Ilokano cacique may have thought that he was doing very well: so many hands for such limited fields. But now there are too many hands altogether. The rule is that the tenants attend the fields and share the crop, and that in bad times the cacique tide them over with loans against better harvests. The better harvests no longer come, they may not be expected, while there are more peasants, more mouths to feed and more paltry debts to cover. The inevitable will be the breaking up of the estates, the margin of profit is shrinking toward that end. This will come first in the Ilokano region proper, and penetrate southward through Tarlac, Nueva Ecija and Bulakan. Nor is it a long way off. The government ought to concern itself about the intermediate steps, likely not to be taken without attendant violence unless the surplus Ilokano population is better disposed of than at present. Quite near Manila there are several agrarian problems infringing. In the central Luzon valley the peasants, organized, petition for more liberal terms from the caciques, whereupon they are served with an ultimatum to leave the land if they don’t like the conditions, though upon these lands their families were old before the forbears of the present owners got their rights in them—something that only happened about a century ago. Father Zuniga, writing in 1805 or thereabout, remarks it in his travels and deplores its tendency. Of course the central Luzon peasants can’t accept the caciques’ ultimatum; they can’t emigrate—they are not organized for it as are the Ilokanos—but the caciques should have no difficulty in getting Ilokanos to take their places. If, however, Ilokano migration were taken care of adequately, pressure would be eased all round. There is no use contending that this matter has no bearing upon American interests here, because it does. What is occurring among those who do migrate is an elevation in their material circumstances, but the movement of population is insufficient, so that there is actually a general repression of the social status. This affects both production and markets, and its effect is profound. Will a man getting two pesos a day spend twice as much as one getting only a peso? He will spend, outside of food he must buy, much more than twice as much; and so it happens that Hawaii, because of the work it offers Ilokano immigrants, is 25 times as good a market, per capita, for United States goods as are the Philippines. We had better find more uses ourselves for the Ilokanos. “In physical type,” says Dr. Beyer in his Population of the Philippine Islands in 1916, “the Ilokanos are of the Malay blend, but with the mongoloid element very predominant. Their comparative short stature indicates considerable primitive mixture also, all three short types being represented. They practice irrigated agriculture and possess the general SpanishFilipino civilization of the lowland peoples * * * . The Ilokanos make a greater variety of manufactured articles than any group in the islands outside the city of Manila. * * * “The houses of the peasants are much better built and neater kept than amongst most other Filipino groups. The people preserve many social customs and beliefs of pre-Spanish days. * * * On the whole, the Ilokos are fervently religious, energetic workers, and good fighters, equaling in these respects, if not exceeding, any TABLE SHOWING, BY PROVINCES AND CITIES, THE ASSESSED VALUE OF REAL PROPERTY AND THE POPULATION OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS UPON THE BASIS OF THE CENSUS OF 1918 (Vol. II), AND SUBSEQUENT LEGISLATION BY THE PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURE Assessed Value of Real Property Population Provinces and cities------------------- -------------------------------------------------------■-----------—-------------------------Taxable Exempt Total Christian Non-Christian Total Abra...................... P 7,172,880.00 P 785,150.00 P 7,958,030.00 52,780 19,951 72,731 Agusan................. 5,445,410.00 695,020.00 6,140,430.00 ■ 38,596 6,144 44,740 Albay.................... 31,100,710.00 6,488,580.00 37,589,290.00 23,224 10 323,234 Antique............... 9,471,690.00 778,300.00 10,249,990.00 154,489 510 154,999 Baguio (City).. . 2,673,560.00 6,271,850.00 8,945,410.00 3,920 1,544 5,464 Bataan................. 10,755,440.00 1,341,400.00 12,096,840.00 57,505 835 58,340 Batanes................ 1,991,630.00 164,040.00 2,155,670.00 8,214 --------- 8,214 Batangas............. 36,281,950.00 2,595,040.00 38,875,990.00 340,197 2 340,199 Bohol.................... 30,048,100.00 4,569,260.00 34,617,360.00 358,387 — 358,387 Bukidnon............ 2,092,630.00 201,940.00 2,294,570.00 10,778 37,766 48,544 Bulacan................ 47,289,040.00 6,234,520.00 53,523,560.00 248,591 701 249,292 Cagayan............... 24,809,980.00 6,197,220.00 31,007,200.00 183,863 7,457 191,320 Camarines Norte 13,419,300.00 474,770.00 13,894,070.00 51,265 816 52,081 Camarines Sur.. 27,754,170.00 3,234,850.00 30,989,020.00 216,989 1,744 218,733 Capiz.................... 34,895,780.00 3,280,510.00 38,176,290.00 284,238 8,427 292,665 Cavite.......... 18,930,600.00 3,059,870.00 21,990,470.00 157,348 7 157,355 Cebu..................... 62,056,060.00 15,346,440.00 77,402,500.00 855,065 — 855,065 Cotabato............. '4,256,830.00 604,850.00 4,861,680.00 118,435 53,543 171,978 Davao.................. 23,266,760.00 1,783,630.00 25,050,390.00 62,153 46,069 108,222 Ilocos Norte.. . . 30,350,030.00 1,786,150.00 32,136,180.00 217,408 1,721 219,129 Ilocos Sur........... 25,532,070.00 3,108,290.00 28,640,360.00 232,218 12,423 244,641 Iloilo..................... 94,390,200.00 23,466,370.00 117,856,570.00 495,756 7,193 502,949 Isabela.................. 22,708,670.00 1,685,970.00 24,394,640.00 109,009 3,951 112,960 Laguna................. 49,067,410.00 4,501,940.00 53,569,350.00 195,539 7 195,546 Lanao................... 1,847,500.00 209,250.00 2,056,750.00 7,680 83,779 91,459 La Union............. 20,234,950.00 2,826,370.00 23,061,320.00 170,732 7,609 178,341 Leyte.................... 43,053,140.00 5,985,260.00 49,038,400.00 597,950 — 597,950 Manila (City)... 245,972,058.00 102,167,075.00 348,139,133.00 285,303 3 285,306 Marinduque ~ 9,486,480.00 818,567.11 10,305,047.11 56,864 4 56,868 Masbate.. -. ... . 7,772,986.00 892,700.00 8,665,686.00 67,513 — 67,513 Mindoro............... 9,226,450.00 1,243,780.00 10,470,230.00 60,790 11,141 71,931 Misamis............... 34,224,810.00 2,755,720.00 36,980,530.00 195,066 3,877 198,943 Mountain............ 8,180,250.47 1,232,295.66 9,412,546.13 8,295 183,427 191,722 Nueva Ecija.. . . 56,373,240.00 3,963,760.00 60,337,000.00 226,011 1,085 227,096 Nueva Vizcaya.. 6,241,270.00 307,640.00 6,548,910.00 23,124 12,698 35,822 Occ. Negros........ 73,273,930.00 45,991,020.00 119,264,950.00 391,002 5,634 396,636 Or. Negros.......... 28,454,000.00 4,660,100.00 33,114,100.00 267,194 5,330 272,524 Palawan............... 4,115,140.00 888,560.00 5,003,700.00 45,656 23,397 69,053 Pampanga........... 55,140,320.00 4,552,650.00 59,692,970.00 256,045 1,575 257,620 Pangasinan......... 83,396,620.00 7,384,010.00 90,780,630.00 565,730 192 565,922 Rizal..................... 51,061,560.00 9,066,230.00 60,127,790.00 229,768 488 230,256 Romblon............. 8,727,430.00 545,570.00 9,273,000.00 64,610 --------- 64,610 Samar................... 25,135,060.00 4,356,130.00 29,491,190.00 379,574 1 379,575 Sorsogon............. 23,076,530.00 4,342,290.00 27,418,820.00 178,441 2 178,443 Sulu...................... 3,335,610.00 170,710.00 3,506,320.00 3,721 169,055 172,776 Surigao................. 12,603,500.00 1,121,120.00 13,724,620.00 119,416 2,748 122,164 Tarlac................... 47,970,880.00 3,540,430.00 51,511,310.00 169,105 2,771 171,876 Tayabas............... 75,062,570.00 9,604,050.00 84,666,620.00 210,405 1.628 212,033 Zambales............. 8,824,940.00 844,210.00 9,669,150.00 80,107 3,643 83,750 Zamboanga......... 18,862,330.00 2,755,030.00 21,617,360.00 65,837_ 81,496 147,333 Total.......... 1 * 1,577,414,454.47 320,880,487.77 1,898,294,942.24 9s 501,906 812,404 10,314,310 other group in tile Islands.” This is the sort of lobulation that spills over our borders by tens of thousands, a wealth of manhood allowed to be frittered away, while millions of acres lie fallow. MONEY CIRCULATION Total money in circulation in the Philippines April 16, the date of the latest available report, was 1 * 147,852,631.29, as compared with 1 * 148,019,828.45 on April 9 and 1 * 148,152,479.31 on April 2. Philippine coins, P21,414,370.29; treasury certificates, 1 * 91,456,388; banknotes, 1 * 34,981,873. Total bank resources on April 16 were P219.976.971. 8 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 May: Month of Fiestas and Motor Excursions The Pilgrimage to Antipolo: Story of the Virgin May is the month of festivals in the Philip pines. Most famous of all, of course, is that of the Miraculous Virgin of Antipolo, Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage, but the first in the month is that of the parish of Obando in the town of that name in southern Bulakan. It is over, however, with the middle of the month, May 17 and 18, while the pilgrimage to Antipolo has a fame throughout all the islands and lasts through out the month. At this season of the year, many of the best known families of Manila have decamp ed from the hot city to their cool cottages in the Antipolo mountains. There they entertain, they resort to the baths and participate in the worship. There is gaming, alas, the rumor runs; there is certainly dancing and much in nocent gayety. The custom is more than 300 years old. No doubt it had some forerunner in the original rites of the Tagalos in the period preceding the first evangelists. (It is not so, with Obando, that festival and its appeal for fecundity seems to have been brought from old Obando in Spain.) Franciscan friars were the first evangelists in the Antipolo district, where they made many converts, according to the old records, and the neophytes manifested a peculiar fealty to the mother of Christ at a period before the close of the 16th century. Their field being large and their number small, upon the arrival of the Jesuits in the islands the territory formerly as signed to the Franciscans was divided. Antipolo and Taytay as well as other parishes in the same region were placed under the Jesuits. Father Juan de Salazar, S. J., the first Jesuit pastor, encouraged the cult of Mary which had been fostered by his Franciscan predecessors. The miraculous image had not then arrived in the islands. It was brought by Governor Juan Nino de Tabora in 1626, when he came out on the annual galleon‘from Acapulco, Mexico, as royal governor. Worshiping in the Acapulco parish church while preparing for the voyage, Tabora was greatly affected by the image and begged that it might be taken aboard the galleon to bestow its blessing on the voyage. His influence effected the arrangement, and the voyage, begun at Acapulco March 25, 1626, proved a most happy one. There were no attacks from either British or Dutch corsairs, though Spanish ships were their plunder on the seas. A fire starting in a bale of goods stowed adjacent to the galleon’s magazine, was put out before it reached the powder. The galleon even weathered a prolonged calm, yet there was no outbreak of pestilence nor undue suffering from hunger. So many fortunate circumstances combining to bring the galleon through safely were at tributed to the favor of Mary. A most gallant reception was accorded the holy image upon arrival of the galleon in Manila July 18, 1626, and in the public ceremonies which included a procession from St. Ignatius church (which then stood on what is now the drill grounds of the Cuartel de Espana opposite the Delmonico hotel), to the Cathedral on the Plaza de Armas, now Plaza McKirtley, the enviable title of Our Lady of Good Voyage was bestowed. Governor Tabora then placed the image in the custody of the Jesuit mission at Antipolo and in the care of Father Salazar, who was completing the church which is now and has been for 300 years the sanctuary of the venerated image. The title of Our Lady of Peace was to come later. Joining with their countrymen who were laborers on the Calamba estate, the Chinese of Manila rebelled in 1639-40 and pursued a bloody campaign up the Pasig river. The govern ment’s revenge was the practical extermination of the Chinese colony. At Antipolo, the pastor took the image, her crucifix, jewels and a cross and hid them in the nearby forest. The Chinese discovered them, seized the jewels and tried to destroy the image and the crucifix with fire. The flames would not burn them, nor could their spears wound the image, though a stain on the right cheek, which may be seen to this day, attests where a rebellious spear was thrust by an unbeliever. Triumphant over, the Chinese, the Spaniards and loyal natives prevailed upon Governor Se bastian Hurtado de Corcuera to have the image brought down to the coast. The crucifix was placed in the royal chapel on the Plaza de Armas which is no longer standing, while the image itself was taken to Cavite to protect the ship ping. For 14 years in the mid-17th century it remained in San Felipe castle, guarding Gua dalupe battery on the east wall of the Cavite fortress. Under the inspiration of faith, the Dutch attack was repulsed. * So many galleons had been lost, but now the voyages, blessed by OLD TIME PILGRIMAGES The trip to Antipolo, an hour’s leisurely motoring, was not always so convenient as modern roads and automo biles have made it. When the American regime began, pil grims embarked at Manila for Taytay on wheezing and per spiring river boats. From Tay tay they rode in rickety carromatas and carretelas as far as they could, and hammock men carried them on into Antipolo. Leaving Manila early in the morning, they arrived at the sanctuary at 9 or 10 o’clock at night ex hausted by the hardships of the journey. It was not only wearisome, it was compara tively expensive too. Only the rich rode on the boats and in the pony chaises, the poor tramped to Antipolo along the dusty unkempt highways or paddled interminable hours up the river in dugouts to vary the agony. the presence of the image, all prospered; the title of patroness and capitana of the royal navies was bestowed. In 1641 the galleon San Luis voyaged to Acapulco and back under the command of Alonso Garcia Romero; in 1643 the feat was repeated under command of Lorenzo de Ugalde Orella; in 1645 the same vessel was sent to Acapulco, returning in 1646, under command of Hernando Lopez Perona. The next year, the attack of the twelve Dutch ships of war was repulsed and the Dutch driven away. The galleon in 1650 was the San Diego, commanded by Agustin de Cepeda. The venerated image is said to have desired to return to her sanctuary, the voyage was abandoned and her wish re spected. But in 1651 the San Francisco Javier (Xavier) was despatched to Acapulco, where it remained during the winter. It returned to Manila in 1653, escaping three successive typhoons between San Bernardino straits and the harbor at Cavite. Our Lady of Good Voyage was taken upon all these several voyages, upon whose success practically depended the life of the colony at Manila. Then the Antipolo sanctuary claimed her once more, and a period of six years of ill-fortune at sea ensued. In 1659, the image was taken on the galleon San Jose, which happily made the voyage to Acapulco and return. The last of the eight Pacific journeys of the image was made on the galleon Nuestra Senora del Pilar in 1746 at the behest of Archbishop-Governor Juan de Arrechedera. It was thought, of course, that the gracious image had forebodings in 1646 of the attack to be made by the heretical Dutch, who came the very next time the mon soon changed, and that this was the reason she would not embark for a fourth trans-Pacific voyage on the San Luis. The motor trip to Antipolo is well worth the making, in order to observe the festivals in honor of the virgin. Father Juan de Salazar built his churches strongly at Antipolo and Taytay, though the latter was burned down during the military campaign of 1899 and has since been restored. He selected splendid em inences for his edifices, of which he really built three, the third being the parish church at Silang, Cavite. The Taytay church is the smallest. A quaint legend tells the reason. While it was being built, Father Salazar went into the half-completed structure with money he had been collecting to pay the work men. Passing the crucifix, already in its place, when he was making his obsequies the Saviour spoke from the crucifix, saying, “See to it, Juan, how you expend this money, which comes from the poor.” So that Father Salazar straightway amended his plans and made a smaller church. The early missionaries inculcated a faith the people could comprehend, one which was readily accepted. All these notes are from the booklet on the Virgin of Antipolo compiled by the Jesuit scholars, Fathers Miguel Saderra Mata and Miguel Saderra Masd. They quote liberally from Father Murillo y Velarde, S. J., whose history of the Philippines was written at Antipolo whilst the parish was under his charge. Antipolo abounds not alone in real history, but in legend. It is only 20 kilometers from Manila, too, out through Fort McKinley by the river road, over the Pasig bridge, through the town of Pasig, capital of Rizal, and then across the lowland rice fields and into the cool hills. Constabulary guards regulate the traffic at this festival season, but the trip is easily made in an hour. Were Antipolo in Europe, Amer icans would journey to it by the thousands; and shall we, then, value it the less because Baedecker knoweth it not? The elevation is about 800 feet. A river wimples by the hamlet and its famous sanctuary. There are many springs and some quite adequate bathhouses. The springs are called the Springs of the Virgin, because legend says the virgin touched the hillsides and caused the waters to flow perennially, that the faithful might never thirst who dwell in the shadow of the sanctuary or come as pilgrims to worship there. Then there is the spring where the wise Father Murillo liked to bathe, and when he had refreshed his body from its labors, to rest on the shady bank and devote his mind to his historical labors. Learning is bestowed by the waters of the Spring of Wisdom, and in the crystal stream of the others the image of the virgin is sometimes seen. So legend says, and will not be denied; and therefore people from all regions of the islands, Mindanao and the Visayas as well as distant provinces of Luzon, come up to Manila in May and make the pilgrimage to the holy sanctuary at Antipolo. The processions are late in the afternoon. The image is adorned with a veritable fortune in gems, most precious of all being, of course, the crown bestowed at the ceremonies on the Luneta in Manila last December, with the authority of Rome. But then there are the jeweled robes, and the Toledo sword, with its Arabic engraving and golden scabbard—from a famous goldsmith of Madrid—that was paid for by contribution from government employes and presented by Archbishop Nozaleda to General Blanco in 1895, for his victory over the Moros of Lanao. The ceremony of the presentation was gor geous, on a special public holiday. General Blanco promptly returned the sword, which is of great intrinsic value, the scabbard set with rubies, diamonds, emeralds and sapphires. He asked that it be given to the Virgin of Antipolo. In a critical moment of the battle he is said to have vowed that if the victory were given him he would do reverence to the Islands’ patroness. And so it fell out. There was a great Christian victory. May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 Our Island Neighbors in the Western Pacific By Percy A. Hill Many dwellers in the Philippines, although fairly familiar with certain parts of the archipel ago, often appear to be utterly oblivious of other countries, our nextdoor neighbors, with many busy millions of inhabitants, intensive agricultural production and huge marine com merce. Nor is the reference here to China, Japan and India, countries which have usages and peoples little akin to the Philippines. Northward, a few hours’ steaming from Aparri, the northern port of Luzon, lies the island of Formosa. About half the size of Luzon, it has been a dependency of Japan some five years longer than the Philippines have been a territory of the United States. Today, its production and exportation of staple products reaches almost the level of the exports from all the Philippines. The material prosperity of the Formosans has advanced proportionately, let none think otherwise. Formosa has just as many schools as the Philippines, proportion ately, for fitting Formosans to live; there are great networks of highways, huge sugar centrals, docks and port systems. Formosa has as many miles of excellent railroads as the Philippines have. Public buildings in Formosa are among the best in the Orient. Formosa has a world mo nopoly on camphor, which is being judiciously extended to meet demands. A brief glance at her annual trade statistics gives one, as the French say, “furiously to think.” Then there are the Dutch East Indies, with a highly productive population of 50,000,000, whose sugar, teas and coffees are world staples and quoted on all the bourses. Their railways and irrigation systems, public works and devel oped tropical agriculture, need no comment; they are in a class by themselves. With practical common sense the Dutch are making haste slowly. They believe nationalism to be a hindrance to the uninitiated—the greatest foe of humanity, a breeder of quibbling and dispute—and they govern accordingly. A race without genuine economic equipoise has no hope to attain independence, either politically or financially. The birthrate in the Dutch East Indies is one of the highest in the world, which shows that stability and the power to survive are on a high plane. In the outlying possessions are vast projects for increasing production, with liberal grants to the millions of Java who desire to emigrate. In Dutch Borneo the “wild man” is not renowned as in the days of old. The five countries that make up the loose federation we call Indochina are devoted to a policy of intensive production, with ample means of extension. Tonquin, formerly ex porting rice to the Philippines, does so no more; the rice is needed at home. The largest coal mines in the Orient have been developed here. Cochinchina and Cambodia are the rice countries, from which the Philippines draw annually to supply their deficit in this indispen sable staple. Annam is naturally much less fertile, but rubber, gambir, pepper and a dozen other crops have been introduced to make up the deficiency. • Tea and coffee culture are progress ing, as well as other industries quite unknown heretofore to the natives. The public buildings of such cities as Hanoi and Saigon are noteworthy from the architec tural viewpoint, though less grandiose than those of Bangkok. Their trade is on the highest level of any French possession in the world; the piastre is, of course, on an equally sound basis of exchange value. Siam, the only independent Malay country, is progressing rapidly, a fact due in part to the mutual jealousies of the French and British. In Siam the king is the state, neither voice nor vote is needed from those whom he and his princes govern for their ultimate benefit. They believe that political fixers are not the vertebrae of a country: the backbone population of Siam stays at home, works hard, pays taxes, receives the benefits of a paternal government and says nothing. The king and his able lieutenants in Siam have done more for their country than could be expected, but they work rather than talk. They translate purpose into action, hence the solid progress. The great export wealth of Siam and its favorable balance of trade derive from the production of rice, following the lead of the French in Indochina and the British in Burma. The yield of rice in Siam last year was some 86 million piculs. The teak trade advances, yet the forests are conserved: India alone, indeed, can approach the Siamese policy of conservation, and the trade balances are an nually more favorable. The population is about ten million, the increase per year is 11 per 1000. Both private and public wealth increases. Aviation has been determined upon instead of an army and a navy: Siam has lines of aircraft in operation. Railways measure Under the Walls of Old Manila 1500 miles, in a dozen places ports and port works are being extended. So much for a neighboring country that keeps its feet on the ground and its head out of the clouds. Turning to the British Straits Settlements, we are at once struck with the immense trade gains and the dividends paid to stock-holders in the rubber and the tin companies. The pop ulation is sparse, Malay, akin in the large to that of Mindanao rather than Luzon. Without any enormous burden of taxation, and in return for concessions, the British have provided Mohammedan schools and mosques. They have provided agricultural instructors, to im prove the people’s wellbeing. They have re spected age-old customs and religion, and even superstitions; and in the law codes, in effect, these are all considered. Singapore, third largest port of the world, stands at the crossroads of the East and is the clearinghouse for all Malaysia. To its founder, Sir Stamford Raffles, its commerce and its bustling bunds would be things of wonder if he could view them today. The Federated States railways are among the best in the world. A visit to Kuala Lumpur, the capital city built from tin and rubber taxes, reveals it a dream city of opulence and cleanliness—virtues of successful administration. Bickering doesn’t impede progress. Food crops and other tropical commodities receive attention. Postal and railroad services are excellent and education is adapted to the needs of the people. Modern Malaysia is eminently successful. Administrators do not hamper them selves with abstruse ethics which fail to fill the stomach. Manila hemp has been introduced from the Philippines; it covers 70,000 acres in Sumatra and flourishes upon 5,000 Celebes hillsides. Meantime the Dutch monopoly of cinchona, quinine, continues. Cassava growing for tapioca and starch is adequately encouraged, there is a steady progress in the yield of staples, sugar, rice, tea and coffee. Among our neighbors the tourist traffic is everywhere well organized. The points to visit are no more attractive than many points in the Philippines, but the crowds go there and do not come here. When they come here, they stay but a few hours; elsewhere their visits are more leisurely, for they find accommodations and appreciate the modern and the material blended with the historical. The results to the countries visited are favorable comment and accretions of new capital. These object lessons, surely easy to assimilate, by contrast show that in the Philippines we are overgrown politically and vastly stunted com mercially. The Japanese mandate islands are being planted up to coconuts. The Pelews contain phosphate deposits now worked by Japanese capital and labor. Nauru, kept by Great Britain, while Japan got the German islands north of the equator, ships 100,000 ■ tons of phosphate a year. Papua and the German islands mandated to Austialia report an increase of 70 per cent in their coconut planta-, tions since the World War. Samoa and three little archipelagoes mandated to New Zealand supply her with tropical products, their coffee plantings are being extended. Outlying islands of Dutch Insulinde feel the stimulus of new ca pital engaged in agriculture —varied interests from pearl and shell fishing to sago cultivation. The Moluccas, the old-time Spice Islands that first induced the inva sion of the East by the West, are, un der the Dutch, again giving atten tion to nutmegs and cloves. Can they come back? The clove trade has gone to Zanzibar, sup plying 75 per cent of the world’s consumption of this spice. Fiji extends her sugar fields, her bananas go to such a distant market as Canada. Tahiti, under the French, supplies half the world’s vanilla. Even Easter, the most remote island of the Pacific, has made her cattle and sheep industries practical by establishing refrigerating and packing plants. Her profitable herds graze amidst the hundreds of giant monoliths, all that is left to hint of a forgotten race and their forgotten civilization that perished centuries ago. No doubt we are advancing in the Philip pines. We are, but by no means to the extent that we ignorantly think we are, and by no means to the extent that is required even by the population we now have. Our neighbors have in fact ceased to view the great experiment in the Philippines with any but perfunctory in terest; their common observation is that they can profit as much by avoiding our mistakes as by copying our success. In this way they achieve what Roosevelt described as “an advance along the whole frontier of civilization,” which means, and always will mean, the utilization of natural resources so that living generations may enjoy more normal and more comfortable lives. They feel it true that man cannot live by bread alone, and still more vitally true that unless he have bread he shall soon cease to live at all. Rice Milts.—Rice is not a Philippine export product but is by far the most important item in the native diet. There are 820 mills in oper ation, most of them small and requiring not more than two workmen each. The Chinese control the rice trade of the islands and operate the greater part of the larger plants although some are native owned. It is estimated that the total capital investment in this industry amounts to more than $100,000,000 and that these plants handle approximately 2,000,000 short tons of rough rice annually valued at nearly $100,000,000. 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 EDITORIAL OFFICES American Chamber of Commerce 14 CALLE PINPIN P. O. Box 1638 Telephone 1156 VISITORS Visitors in general benefit the Philippines, where they are coming in increasing numbers and staying longer. They leave no little money behind them, in the aggregate. The Manila Hotel has already made a handsome profit this year, out of its transient custom and the evening dancing busi ness. Probably other hotels have had their share of patronage, indications are visible in the new apartment and apartment-hotel buildings on Dewey Boulevard. As to Baguio, the place has been overflowing all spring both with people from abroad and from the lowlands. Travel editions of period icals still come off the press without an inch of Philippine publicity, but.we don’t succeed altogether in hiding the light of our hospitality under the bushel of our indifference. We are getting a sizable volume of tourist business, which judicial advertising would augment. It is a good thing, too, to have the congressional visitors. They see that, after all, all is not politics in the Philippines. Congressman John Q. Tilson of New Haven was pleased to find more cooperation than op position. He said the first would get somewhere and the second would defeat its own ends. He will go back and tell Yale all about it. Better, he is the majority floor leader in the House, and will now be better informed about what to do with Philippine measures. So it will be with all, perhaps even with Congressman P. E. Quinn of Mississippi, though he came as a withdrawalist and left, he said, with an unshaken mind. They must all see the value of the islands. Quinn’s, in a way, is a remarkable tribute, that Luzon lands are as fertile as the best Mississippi cotton lands. Let him talk a great deal about his trip and his opinions, if he include this. Anyway, the press boys picked it up. The wireless hymned the message that Luzon is, in Congressman Quinn’s opinion, as rich as Mississippi. That does no harm. Welcome to all visitors. May their tribe in crease. JUSTICE There is no telling how much a Congressman may see here. Some may look into our courts. They might see, in cross-section there, the government at its best. One judge abandons Jolo for Baguio, leaving a crowded criminal docket behind him and public order in the balance. Another presides in his pajamas. Charges both grave and ridiculous are pending against a baker’s dozen in as many of our ill-fated arrondisse ments. Ought Congressmen to look into such matters? Are we right in saying that the bench is recruited among young men educated at public expense who have taken the course in law and have been pensioned to graduate work at American universities—so that their callow judgment inevitably reaches the conclusion that the state owes them a living and their debt to the state is nil? The calumny rests not upon a race, but upon an absurd governmental practice. Suppose all the guilty were given the sack, who would then don the soiled ermine? A few Americans accustomed to earning their living might be found, but would they be confirmed? The jobs, which are life billets, would merely go to other immature shoulders weakened by public pampering. The method seems of little value to the public service, and downright harmful to young manhood. It costs millions. ETHICS The law does not compel, and ethics seems not to dictate, that judges hand down their finding, guilty or innocent, in criminal causes immediately upon the close of the case, as judges must do in the United States and as a jury must do before its release from the custody of the bailiff. The enor mity, therefore, of a judge who had been trying twenty men for sedition and rebellion—certainly placing them in grave jeopardy of their liberty if not of their lives—sauntering off the bench, at the close of the evidence, to a summer resort 1000 miles away, whence he would hand down his decision and send it back to be read to the accused, seems to have passed as a matter of course. And, as a matter of fact, it is just that—just a matter of course. But on his outing this judge could not have failed of meeting, in four or five cities, men and officials vitally interested in the outcome of the case. They may not have dared to make inquiry or overtures, and the frolicking judge may have disdained to lend an attentive ear—all this and more may be readily granted without making such judicial practice seemly in the public eye. If Congress will, it can stop the practice. GENDARMES Anent the executive secretary’s proposal for police commissioners and possibly a department of police. No one can claim a paucity of police either in Manila or the provinces. In the city they are everywhere. To the hurrying motorist many provincial points appear as yellow blotches, these are the lined-up local gendarmes and detachments of constabulary. God knows we have enough of them. The commonest remark of visitors is, How many policemen you have! We look about, then, and see the men in uniform and the others in plain clothes. We agree. PARAPHRASE As a news correspondent we recalled Dewey Day, May 1, marking the 29th anniversary of the Battle of Manila Bay, in a dispatch of which we now make a paraphrase: May 1 was the 29th anniversary of Dewey’s victory in the Battle of Manila Bay over the Spanish fleet, the first step in America’s destruction of Spanish power in the Orient dating from Magellan’s voyage in 1521 and formally established in the Philippines in 1565 with Legaspi’s occupation of Cebu. At Manila Dewey vanquished the Spanish colors Legaspi raised in 1571, with a fleet of about a third the tonnage either Great Britain, Japan or Germany had in the Extreme Orient at that time; but Great Britain and Japan, though neutral, manifested their purpose to align with America if necessary. Thereafter, America mobilized her first military overseas expedition, chiefly volunteer state regiments, who, under Major General Thomas M. Anderson, concentrated at Cavite and occupied Manila August 13. General Elwell S. Otis, succeeding Anderson, became the first American military governor. He found among the men and officers of that late Victorian generation of Americans, men capabale of every duty the military required or civil government exacted. General Otis forthwith founded government in Manila and the provinces, opening schools and courts of justice. His work, cut short and overshadowed by the civil regime, has never been adequately appreciated by American historians. The gray-haired remnant of the volunteers making America’s effort possible remains today the backbone of the American community in the nation’s farthest outpost, with General Wood, who, under Taft, undertook the pacification of Mindanao more than a quarter of a century ago, as governor general. Taft had facility in writing laws. Many he wrote in 15 minutes remain on the statutes today, standing the test of time; though two, the code of civil procedure and the marriage law, date from Otis’ period. Overseas trade figures show the islands’ advancement from a value of $34,000,000 in 1899, to $269,000,000 in 1925, America’s share advancing in that period from seven per cent to seventy per cent, though Americans remain static around a population of 5,000 to 6,000. Many are veterans of three American campaigns, Cuba, the Philippines and the Boxer campaign. We would add here but a footnote to President Coolidge’s letter in the plebiscite matter. It is, that there are two sides to the trade situation: if the market of the United States is practically indispensable to the Philip pines, for whom the modern period, the Meiji, as it were, began 29 years ago, no less are the islands’ products indispensable to the United States. As this is written, too, the President Grant is docking at Olongapo with 1500 marines from San Diego mobilized for China but not yet wanted there. Prior to 1898 we had no Olongapo, no Manila, no Philippines—no eastern base. The frankness of the President is commendable, and more would be more commendable still—possibly revealing the ground of com mon understanding between two people with identical interests. We ought perhaps to include a third, the Spaniards. Well did Spain carry on here, in many, many ways. Many Spaniards are still here, and big Spanish interests. They too have become our responsibility. Morally, and it is also in the treaty. A trinity of nations is in fact concerned for the uninterrupted success of occidental civilization in the East. ERROR Not all Congressmen are equally observant. One who addressed the Rotary club observed the following: “The home, composed of a disciplin ary father and a sympathetic, wise mother doesn’t function in the Philip pines. You have n’t got it here.” Nothing, of course, could be much further from the truth, fidelity to family being proverbial in the Philip pines. No doubt the man who made the remark will come to regret it. Truer, but obviously unnecessary, was the observation of one of his col leagues about the wayside homes between Manila and Baguio. Instead of indicating a want of taste in home surroundings, these homes really indicate what the peasants are able to achieve in esthetic environment. There is a native appreciation of beauty, but among millions there is hardly any means of satisfying it; and criticism ought not to attach to people who are making the best of adveise circumstances it is beyond their power to remedy or even to ameliorate. Poor people have poor ways, a truism everywhere. Criticism may attach to public leadership, however, that adorns the oc casional palace and leaves the hut in naked ugliness. But criticism is not a remedy except as it may induce a regard in the class that rules "or the economic welfare of them they rule. We hope the Congressmen all reach an accord with Coolidge, that economic advancement is the key to the Philippine problem. They may then find means of applying it to our locked-up resources. May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 AFTER FIVE O’CLOCK President Coolidge’s Philippine Economic Summary Arthur F. Fischer, director of forestry, returned to Manila with his family on the trans port Somme from the United States. During his year’s absence he attended conferences on forestry matters in Europe and America and advanced the interests of the Philippine lumber industry. Major General Johnson Hagood, U. S. A., arrived in Manila on the transport Thomas May 3 to assume command of the Philippine division at Fort William McKinley. He is an officer of great ability and a man of high repute both in Army and civilian circles. O. O. Hanson, well known insurance man, left Manila for the United States on the Empress of Asia expecting to return to the Philippines in about a year. Major Wm. H. Anderson and Mrs. Ander son left Manila for the United States May 7. Major Anderson is building a hotel in Los Angeles and will divide his time in future between New York, California and the Philippines. H. B. Pond, president of the Pacific Com mercial Company, and Mrs. Pond left Manila May 7 for a brief visit to the United States, ex pecting to be back in the islands within three or four months. Mr. Pond went on business. TAXES $41,900,000 The insular auditor’s annual report for 1926 shows the government’s revenue to have been $41,900,000 and $44,252,000 in 1925. Last year’s outlay by the government was $48,817,000 and $41,335,000 in 1925. Last year $6,000, 000 went to cover old losses of the Philippine National Bank and business investments in creased $4,362,000 to a total of $34,443,000. The cash surplus at close of business January 31, 1926, was $34,795,000 against $38,762,000 at close of business in 1925. All figures are gold, round numbers. Thirty-one Americans left the Philippine civil service during March. Most of them were teachers in the public schools who had been doing school classroom work. City Superin tendent H. A. Bordner is in the United States recruiting to fill the vacancies. REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Addition Sta. Cruz.................... Malate.......................... Paco.............................. Sampaloc.................... Ermita........................ Tondo.......................... Sta. Ana...................... San Nicolas............... Binondo...................... Quiapo........................ Intramuros................. San Miguel................ Pandacan.................... Sta. Mesa................... Sales City of Manila March 1927 April 1927 1 * 292,082 108,606 200,663 64,094 178,576 27,168 239,377 96,476 288,593 48,888 77,231 48,508 59,791 10,950 81,800 89,600 141,000 57,200 70,900 78,300 93,000 33,000 7,418 10,750 2,500 220 174 1*1,733,105 673,760 The above is the lowest April business since 1921 as shown by the following totals: 1919 ........ 1 * 1,556,352 1923.. P 729,829 1920 ........ 1,535,135 1924.. 689,218 1921 ........ 401,997 1925.. 1,196,751 1922 ........ 704,789 1926.. 1,298,722 1927 1 * 673,760 It is believed that it is well worth being some what detailed to bring out exactly what the loss of the American market would mean to the Philippines. In the calendar year 1926, 761,000,000 pounds of sugar were imported into the United States from the Philippines. The duty waived on this sugar was slightly less than $17,000,000. Of this, $13,000,000 approximately accrued to the pro ducers of sugar in the Philippines in the in creased price thereof. In the calendar year 1926, Philippine cigars to the value of $5,047,000 were admitted into the United States free of duty. The granting of this privilege meant the waiving of $1,495,700 customs dues. It is well known that no Phil ippine cigars could enter the United States market paying the customs duty imposed on foreign cigars. Approximately eighty per cent in value of the Philippine cigar exports come to the United States. While, due to the lack of capital and to con servatism, the Philippines have by no means taken full advantage of the opportunity offered by the American market, yet there are a few industries—not inconsiderable when compared with the industries of the Islands—the very existence of which is the result of the open market of the United States. In 1926, there was imported into the United States from the Philippines coconut oil to the value of $22,000,000. The duties waived on the entry of this oil amounted to $4,900,000. During the same year desiccated coconut to the value of $2,682,000 was imported into the United States from the Islands on which a duty of $1,000,000 was waived. Cotton wearing apparel to the value of $5,400,000 was admitted during the year, on which a duty of $4,000,000 was waived, and laces to the value of $368,000 on which duty amounting to $276,000 was waived. O. M. Butler: His Work as U. S. Trade Commissioner Ordinarily this corner of the Journal is re served for a tribute to an old-timer. This month we devote it to a man who is decidedly a new-comer, O. M. Butler, United States trade commissioner, here less than two years and already departed for his new post in the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, the management of the De troit office. The reason the usual rule is broken is because Butler is the exception. The writer rates him the most capable trade commissioner ever assigned to Manila, the community may well congratulate itself if his successor fills the post equally well. Butler conceived his business to be the pro motion of American and Philippine trade. He did it, he knew how to go about it and he went about unceasingly. Two phases of trade investigation he carried on simultaneously, specific investiga tion and report on specified lines of trade, and general but detailed investigation of broader commercial problems. Naturally he was entrust ed with many commercial confidences, every one of which was kept inviolate. His immediate predecessor, Edwin B. George, worthy and capable, had gained the confidence of the com mercial community of Manila; in the hands of Butler this confidence was never shaken. The Manila office is comparatively new, it has only been in existence some six years. One of the fundamentals lacking until Butler got a chance to secure it was an economic survey of the Philippines such as the department (it is Briefly, there was waived on Philippine pro ducts entering the United States duty amounting to $42,000,000. The total exports of the United States to the Philippine Islands for the year being considered amounted to $71,500,000, and on those products entering the Islands duty of approximately $12,800,000 was waived. In other words, the duties waived by the United States exceeded the duties waived by the Philippines by nearly $30,000,000. Do the people of the Philippines realize the effect of these economic facts, and do they appre ciate what would be the effect on their progress, their standard of living, their general welfare, of the abolition of the present trade relations? The public works, marking outwardly the development of the Islands, were in a great degree as is customary, built with borrowed money. The bonds of the Philippine Government have been made tax exempt in the United States and have been given certain other advantages as the result of which the Philippine Government has borrowed its money at a rate of interest at least three per cent lower than it could have been borrowed by an independent government in the Philippines, if indeed it could have been borrow ed at all. This means, conservatively, that the Philippine Islands is paying $2,000,000 annually less interest on its present indebtedness than it would pay but for its dependence on the United States and the credit that relation gives to the Islands. In 1926, the United States spent in the Phil ippines in the upkeep of the Army, Navy and other services the sum of $14,500,000, or over ten per cent of the value of all Philippine products sold abroad. —Extracted from President Coolidge’s Veto of the Pleb iscite bill: April 6, 1927. the department of commerce) had made for certain districts in the United States and at some of its foreign offices. Butler’s chance to do this for the Philippines came last year. He was sick, but he seized the opportunity and made a thorough job of it. An inkling of what this report is may be gleaned from the paper, “Salient Facts about the Philippines,” which is appearing under Butler’s name in the next issue of Rosenstock’s Manila City Directory, out in June. But this is, good as it is, a mere multiple boiling-down. The basic material was amorphous and volu minous, “knowledge, the mere material with which wisdom builds,” and it had to be assorted, classified, edited, excised, rewritten and coordi nated—no small task for a man all the time figuratively on the railing of a hospital bed. The result is that the department has com prehensive and invaluable information about the Philippines in quickly accessible form. A formal volume, which the subject surely deserves, may be the final outcome. At any rate, the part to be done here is done, and done well. But not all the effects of his work here since July, 1925, when he relieved George, are so remote. He has been directly responsible for large increases in American trade. In behalf of exports he has been equally zealous. He has shown remarkable ability to cooperate, work quietly and effectively—and exhaustively. The transfer to Detroit is made by the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce on account of his health; it is anticipated that he will recover in a northern climate from the stomach trouble that has affected him in the Philippines, and thereafter it is probable he will again be assigned abroad. The Journal wishes him the best of luck. The office is being taken over by his assistant during the past year, Wilbur K. Hoyt. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 Typhoons: Their Assaults on Steam and Sail Two Masterful Descriptions From Pens That Scribbled Through the Storm About ten weeks ago the American steam ship Elkton, United States Shipping Board vessel under charter to the Dollars, sank with all on board, the victim of an out-of - season typhoon in the neighborhood of the Marianas islands. It is said that three other steamers went to the bottom in this terrific ebullition of the ocean which the Spaniards gave the sinister name of “the graveyard of ships” centuries ago—the Pacific between the Marianas and Carolines and the Philippines. Until the era of steam on the Pacific, vessels making the voyage via Guam to and from Manila could not be covered by insurance during the typhoon season, that of the autumn equinox; and not infrequent disasters even now demonstrate that the skill of man in ship construction has not yet conquered that monster of the South Seas, the ty phoon. The description of a steamship voy age through a typhoon, which follows, was written by J. Courtney Hixon, who died in Manila last year after a long career in rhe Philippines as a lawyer. It was written in pencil on an ordinary writing pad, which was retrieved from the debris on the floor of Judge Hixon's offices after the auction of his effects. The description of a voyage through a typhoon by sailing vessel is translated from Juan Guerra's Viaje a las Marianas and dates about 1875.—ED. STEAMSHIP WEATHERING TYPHOON J. Courtney Hixson November 4.—Just aboard ship. Fine, done in white and gold. My berth large, and rooir all alone. Opposite me is Mr. F...........of the noted case. Say we sail at 10:30. Big mistake. Officers say, in private, at one. Have been writing letters. Last letter to Lorie. Eulalio takes it ashore to mail. November 5.—Find I have more chance to send off letters, so I scribble notes to severa' friends—two to Stotsenburg, my last notes to Clements and Lorie, at 1 a. m. “Going in 15 minutes:” Another mistake. Someone lost their bill of health. Delayed hunting for it—never found it. At 1:30 a. m. the Captain said, "Le’ the ........... sail without it! Get another in Hongkong. Up with the anchors!” One hour turning around—all other passengers but myself turned in. Turned around at last, passed through breakwater to bay at 2:20 a. m. Full speed now, for Corregidor. I want to see Cor regidor at night. To bed, telling steward on watch to wake me when we get near Corregidor, which will be nearly 4 a. m. The bay is smooth as glass, no breeze, and hot on deck. Cool in berth, with big electric fan. After a little over one hour's sound sleep I awake. Steward is fast asleep. I go on deck. There is Corregidor! Not far away, dark, frowning, no lights—nothing to remind one that Uncle Sam has spent millions there to make an impregnable fort. I wonder if it be true. I see no sign of life, nothing but the blinking old lighthouse on the topmost peak—it was there before Dewey came to Manila. So 1 .saY' “511 asleep.” Not so! Just then a blinding light flash on our ship—then another one, at a diffcrcnl angle. Bay bright as day Hot or Cold ~ Made in a Minute TrM a Gold I Toddy foday A glass of cold milk—a heaping tablespoonful of TODDY. Shake well! Presto! A cool, refreshing TOD * DY treat! Feast upon its happy flavor. Wakes you up—and makes you peppy! A delicious blend of nature's foods! A drink and a meal in one! Strengthens your body—vitalizes your nerves— a soothing nightcap—a morning bracer. Un * tellably good! Quickly prepared. Economical, too. Keep a can handy! Get it today! You’ll love it! MALTOP INC., Food Specialists around us. Then darkness—nothing more. No, Uncle Sam is not asleep at Corregidor. The second most powerful searchlights in the world had measured us in a moment—found us harm less and gone into hiding again. I think of warring men. Horrid—the blood and treasure that feed the engines of war. The widows moan—the orphans wail. (Judge Hixon was a veteran of two American campaigns, that in the Philippines and the Boxer affair.) I look back at Corregidor now. Its woods and cliffs tell nothing of its terrible engines of death. Only the light on the lonely lighthouse winks and blinks at us—beacon of commerce, showing the way to Manila. Peace, not war. But * * * some night! Ah, well. But I am sleepy. To my berth. 5:45 a. m. Wide awake again—on deck. Beautiful view. Mariveles behind us, the Zambales range of mountains on our right. We are skirting the mountain coast of Luzon. Soon old Sol shows up from across Corregidor —beautiful sight, almost like a reversed sunset we so often see. 7a.m. The boy with his tea and toast hunts me out on the deck, where, barefoot and in my pajamas, with other passengers I loiter in the fresh morning air and gaze on the Zambales mountains. My mind goes back to the hardship and adventures of another time, in those same mountains. I loved it then—now I love the memory of them. The tea—it is fine. Salt bath ■—glorious! Another cup —such tea I have not had since my days in ancient China. 8:30 a. m. So this is the break fast hour. I am hungry. Fine breakfast—rave nous appetite. Then back for a long walk. I feel like a king. But the sea is all glass, hardly a ripple. Still we skirt the coast of mountain ous Luzon. Now we turn to the west a little more. 1 p. m. Luncheon —fine! Fine appetite. Take note of the pas sengers—only about a dozen. Not a lady on board! Thank the Lord for that! Not that I like the ladies less—just like to be comfy and barefoot all day long. Fine! Passengers of all nationalities. 3:40 p. m. We see the last of the Luzon Have you seen the new ERSKINE SIX? These new European type American cars are being sold as fast as they are unpacked 1927 is another Studebaker Year PHILIPPINE MOTORS CORPORATION IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 mountain tops—no more land for us till we near Hongkong. But I am disappointed, the sea still calm and mirror-like. Cannot even feel that ship is moving. No vibration. Never saw such a steady ship. I am forever wishing for whitecaps and rolling waves. I speak my wishes. Some passengers seem to be bored with me. I cannot help it: I love the white capped waves, and long for them. 5 p. m. The English tea again—finer than ever. I have been walking a lot up and down the long, long deck. Such an appetite! I wish the dinner gong would ring. 6 p. m. There it is, the dinner gong. Fine dinner—fine appetite. I feel young again. Up and down the long deck I have a brisk * * * . (There is a break in the notes here, sheets 9 and 10 missing. The ship seems to have been the Aldenham, from a letterhead stuck in the pad, of the “E. & A.” Line. The year was 1912.) November 6.—I woke up at 12:30 a. m., first time the ship’s incline has kept me bunched up against the wall. Porthole closed, so electric fan running all night. (Anyone who knew Judge Hixon or attended the auction of his effects in the steps taken to wind up his estate, will have been impressed with his astonishing addiction to electric fans, for his rooms were furnished literally with dozens of them of all dimensions.) Wind striking wall above my head, shoots down and onto my neck and right shoulder. But I am too sleepy to do aught but go to sleep again. Now, at 6:30 a. m., I am awake again; up and had my tea. But there is a bad crick in my neck. No matter, the waves are steadily increas ing in size, wind getting stronger. Just a little cloudy now—flying fragments of clouds. 8:30 a. m. Finer breakfast than yesterday, finer appetite. 11 a. m. Sky as clear and blue as the sky of Italy. No clouds. Waves growing bigger. Strong winds from directly ahead. Seas as blue as blue can be, save the countless whitecaps that ride the tops of the waves. Magnificent spectacle! Captain says we are in for a big typhoon this afternoon or with the night. Good luck! But my stiffened neck hurts dreadfully. I take a photograph of the beautiful sea. (Judge Hixon was a skilled amateur photographer, it was one of his several admirable hobbies.) Wonder how it will look. Just finished my bouillon. A big steamer in sight. Some miles away, bound towards Manila. Officers say she is one of the big “Blue Funnel” ships. First ship we have seen since we left Manila bay. 12 m. Bulletin shows we have sailed 283 miles since noon yesterday—and to Hongkong 239 more. I am sorry we are so close to the end of our voyage. We reach port at 8:30 a. m. tomorrow, says the captain—the weather permitting. 1 p. m. Splendid lunch; same splendid ap petite—always so. But some passengers are not visible. No wonder—the waves and winds increase. 3 p. m. All but I seem to be asleep —I have been entranced by the great blue waves, dressed :n their snowy white plumes. The typhoon is veering around. We get the wind directly on our larboard side—from the northeast. 3:30 p. m. Things getting lively. Sweeping gray cloucjs shut out the sun. The waves are no longer blue—just a leaden-hued color. More whitecaps than ever. In the distance—from towards Manila—comes a howling sweeping gale of rain. Everything is dull gray—except the whitecaps. The typhoon is steadily get ting worse—sorry for some of the passengers! Tea and dinner as yesterday—except the captain and I stayed alone for an hour at dinner table. Got to be very communicative to me when he discovered I knew some of his old friends. Will come to see me and dine with me next time he is in Manila. 9:30 p. m. A howling demoniacal typhoon has us in its grip. I like it—but my neck hurts awfully. I went up forward just now, the prow is sometimes pitching fifteen to twenty feet into the air. Pitchy dark—I am sorry I cannot view the scene any better. Every passenger but me has crawled into his bunk. I shall soon do so too. The storm is getting worse—there is no comfort trying to stay on deck, or in the smokingroom nor saloon. With this weather we must slow down—and be late reaching Hong kong tomorrow. SAILING SHIP IN TYPHOON By Juan Alvarez Guerra Neither the weathercock, the clouds, the barometer nor the aspect of the skies presaged to us anything of the wind, absolute immobility prevailing in the ocean and in the sails. Such was the weather when the vesper twilight came. He who has never contemplated the evening twilight in the intertropical regions has not seen the arch of heaven in all its beauty. In the twilight of which we speak it seemed that the Creator had purified the divine celestial colors NOTICE CHANGE OF SCHEDULE BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL TRAINS to govern during the period shown below From Manila From Bauang Sur and Damortis Leave April 22 Leave April 24 ” 25 ” 27 ” 29 May 2 May 3 ” 4 ” 6 ” 8 ” 9 ” 11 ” 13 ” 15 ” 16 ” 18 ” 20 ” 22 ” 23 ” 25 ” 27 ” 30 NO CHANGE IN TIME OF DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL AT STATION Train scheduled to leave Bauang Sur and Damortis Sunday night, May 1, will be canceled, and Train will leave Monday night May 2. Train scheduled to leave Bauang Sur and Damortis Sunday night, May 29, will be canceled and Train will leave Monday night, May 30. The last Monday night special for the season will leave Manila, Monday, May 23. Friday night spe cials will leave Manila, June 3 and 10. Manila Railroad Company TEL. 49861 943 Azcarraga to disperse them over the bending sky in all its immensity, where little by little they blended softly into each other as the giant of light receded in splendor beyond the western horizon. We were all on deck; we were all struck with ad miration, all silent, for our spirits were trans ported on longing wings into another and more exalted realm. All was feeling, all poetry; and another day was dying. A light breeze from the southeast touched the sails, murmuring dolefully through the rigging and the shrouds, and compact and heavy cumu lus curtains struck through with the red sword of storm appeared on the eastern horizon, fetch ing in their wake the grim winding-sheet that quickly enough would envelope all space, opening a leaf in yesterday’s history and blotting out a page in the book of tomorrow. What the soul experiences in such moments cannot be explained. Mortals approach their God, and IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 man is too insignificant to lift himself on lofty wings out of the purview of his Creator. The end of the day was like the last sigh of an ex piring spirit. The last breath of the dying is a supplication, the last glimpse of the setting sun is a prayer. The twilight of dawn is activity, life. The evening twilight is emotion, grief, poesy. The morning is youth, spring; and the evening is autumn, melancholy. Dawn is the gay trill of the nightingale, the exuberance of life and of the green leaf, the spontaneous cry of “Land!” of the shipwrecked sailor. Evening is the solitary clamor of the dove that grieves in the woodland, the leaf withered by the northwind, the white grave-wrappings, that like the wings of the lone sea-gull haunt the poetic depths of the ocean. The brief twilight of dawn exorcises the imagi nation, the vesper twilight conjures memory: the tear of the mother parted from her child, the thought of a lover for his beloved, the inspiration of the poet for another hymn to sorrow. All the conceptions of the mind at the setting of the sun are but new tributes to sentiment. The cry of “Luff! Luff! Hard a-lee!” was the salutation my awakening received on the morn ing of the 4th. “It seems that we luff, head into the wind, eh!” I said maliciously to the Recollect father who was my cabin mate. , “We have been tacking valiantly all night,” he replied. “The breeze has changed into a strong gale and now we have it from a bad quadrant.” The captain’s voice interrupted the conver sation. His men were at the rigging and his orders were sharply peremptory. We soon perceived that the ship was tacking in the teeth of the wind. The storm increased in intensity. It was possible to take an observation, we found ourselves at latitude 12 degrees and 39 minutes north, longitude 139 degrees and 38 minutes east, Greenwich reckoning. At two o’clock in the afternoon there was every indication that one of those terrible phe nomena known as typhoons was upon us—the dreaded typhoon, which occurs in the China sea and in certain defined latitudes of the Pacific. Great seas from the northeast, terrific gales from that quadrant, intermittent hurricanes, the sky and horizon black and impenetrable, a low barometer, the needle moving incessantly with the shifting weight of the unstable atmo sphere, which at times diminished, shutting us away from space, and the next moment changed into a fitful drizzle—all this put us in the greatest alarm, which was in no way allayed by the captain’s stentorian orders from the bridge. “Stand by, the watch! Make all fast aloft! Alive there, on the main-mast!” Every man was at his post instantly, with silence reigning for a moment. Afterward * * * afterward we could not persuade our selves that the ship was prepared to weather a typhoon. The men were at the pulleys and ropes. Cables and chains from the stores were got on deck, new rigging was made ready, and spare top masts, boats and spars were lashed fast. The pumps were made sure of, the hatches gammoned down. Chains Jay about the decks in heaps; the anchor beams were secured. All portholes were clapped shut, all hatches and hawse holes. Backstays were reefed, cables were strung from dowel to dowel, double chains were put on the helm, and the helmsman was lashed to his post with two ratlines. In short, every possible precaution was taken by the captain to make us able to ride out the fury of the storm lowering upon us with all the unchained passion of the elements. As the afternoon wore away the Maria Ro sario (this was the ship, the one Guerra had embarked in at Manila for his journey to Guam, more properly Guajan), was naked of all of her finery and presented a most dejected appearance, gloomy and terrifying. Surely this was not the gallant ship that, her sails full set from spanker to main-top, her bowlines creaking in the blocks, drove her light keel through the blue mantle of the ocean, bordering with lacy foam her silvered track through the calm waters. This was not the coquette of the sea whose heels danced with the kiss of the sunrise in the innocent surf, nor who had bathed her bows in the crystaline waves. This was not the proud mistress of the seas, the sultaness whose imperious com mand dominated the sleeping ocean. She was now the humble slave of the powerful sea monster awakened from his lethargic slumber, the monster who roared like a thousand wild bulls and turned the ocean into mountainous convolutions. That day had no twilight! The passing from the light of day to the funeral night was mo mentary. How wretched is a day without sunshine! How bitter the cup, when death presents itself while no friends are near, when there are no flowers, no birds enchanting the garden beyond the window, no lucid skies! At five o’clock the darkness was complete. Everyone knew the danger full well, yet none spoke of it. The barometer alone was eloquent in those hours of anguish. This, though dumb, possessed the best of logic—the conviction of reality. The lowering barometer added to our despair. Nine o’clock was the hour for the rising of the moon, it was marked by fiercer blasts than ever from the northeast. The barometer registered 29.35; within a few hours it had fallen 65 points. The barometer reading, the direction of the gale and the general aspect of the weather led us to conclude that the ty phoon would soon engulf us in one or another of its spiral zones. Close hauling into the wind by the larboard, we barely managed to maintain ourselves, the lower mainsails close reefed, together with the boomsail and fore staysail. All the other sails were lashed to the yards with double ropebands. The labor of the ship increased constantly because of the tremendous wind and the huge seas blown up by the hurricane, which seemed to strike her from the northeast. It is well known that these .phenomena, typhoons, have a rotary and shifting movement in their giddy career, giving rise to powerful spiral currents of greater or lesser force according as the zone through which they circulate may be near or more distant from the center of the storm which produces them. The center of the typhoon, styled the vortex, communicates its diabolical movement to the currents circling round it, the intensity of this rotary and shifting movement being greatest in the spirals immediately adjacent to the vortex itself, because these are the most confined and most reduced in scope. Unfortunate the ship enveloped in the vortex! Unhappy the city or hamlet caught in its grip! The typhoon came nearer. Would the vortex seize us? That is to say, were we to perish? Only God, only He to whom in such extremities all address their vain appeals knew our fate. In the height of our agony and incertitude, the momentary lifting of the gloom about us one day seemed to prophecy that it should be our last. The observation at six in the morning added to our despair. The barometer read 29.30. At every observation the atmospheric pressure was greater, the rarefication of the air more perceptible, and every indication showed the vortex of the storm to be nearer. We could hardly see beyond the ship, the horizon was leaden and horrifying, and the hurricane from the northeast increased in fury. The seas were precipitated over our ship in gigantic waterspouts, which, when they broke, formed again and again for their work of death— the pumps being without effect, though the crew never left them a moment. The impetuous wind drenched us with spindrift. Momentarily the seas concealed the gloomy picture. Bearing down upon the poor little Maria Rosario, they would strain every timber in her and the ship would groan and tremble. At one moment her bowsprit would plunge into the abysmal depths, and at the next it would come laboriously up and the spume would roll over the poop-rail. A fruitless effort against one of these assaults, a lunge of the sea at the moment of a hurricane gust, and * * * a bubbling line open in the turbulent abyss, and closed immediately, would INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON GO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu. have taken to the realms of mystery beings animated with life, health, love, hope, illusions! Come, you infidels, lash yourselves to a mast; contemplate one of these phenomena and see how distinct is the sophism brewed in the study from the savage and majestic power and reality taught you by a God whom you deny in your little-understanding pride, not because you do not believe in Him! Know that there are oceans without a floor, and that a puerile line of foam and bubbles, instantly melting away into the sea, can sepulchre all your false temples and all your cities, that, however great and populous they may be, compared to the ocean’s immensity are but palaces of cards that tumble in ruins at the caprice of the child that has but finished building them. By six of the afternoon the hurricane had reached its maximum. To describe it is impos sible, the pen can never cope with these manifes tations of nature. He who writes these lines has traversed many seas, he is familiar with marine phenomena, but neither in his memory nor his imagination could he encompass the spectacle unleashed under those skies and in those tropic seas by the merciless typhoon. The greater part of the sails, though they had been close-furled and gammoned, were split into shreds. The wind through the yards and spars made an indescribable metallic sound, and the waves were more and more engrossed in their work of death. The Maria Rosario was no longer under the slightest control, the tiller of her rudder was impotent. The barometer read 29.16; it had lowered nearly an inch! The vortex was upon us, surely. It was nine of the night when the barometer reading was taken, an enormous depression when the latitude of the region is taken into account. The moon was to rise at 9:56. Such a situation could not be prolonged. No. 60—The NEW Smith PremierTypewriter Writes Like “60” C. Alkan, Inc. 109 Escolta Manila, P. I. May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 The condition of ship left few hours in which to hope. The benign influence of the moon was to be relied upon. Here was no longer the agony of Balzac’s Piel de Zapa, but the master ful description in the Frollo of Victor Hugo, with the difference that in that there was blas phemy, and in our situation there were memories and prayers. Time went on, 9:30 * * * * twenty minutes to ten. The eye could not leave the barometer, its continued falling was like a weight upon the soul. What thoughts in those supreme moments! What memories! What anguish, anxiety and hope! Terrible to drown within the four walls of the ship’s cabin! This thought came to me over and over, and I resolved to die in the sight of heaven, outside that awful tomb; so I began making my way to the deck, and at that instant the bell struck the three-quarter hour. When the Philippines spend 1’100 for imports, *7 of it is for eggs, very dubious chicken eggs jid possibly mud-duck eggs in nauseating masluerade. For this questionable stock of eggs he islands paid Pl 12,020 in December, and luring the whole of last year an average of 1’138,144 per month, a bill of Pl,657,728 for he twelvemonth. Evidently the Philippines lon’t have enough chickens, and to make matters vorse the bureau of agriculture has found a new hicken disease which it gives a perfectly horrible lame, apoplectiform septicemia, and says, vhat means nothing to Juana raising chickens, hat the ailment is caused by “the strepto coccus group of germs,” which are the kind that zperate in chain gangs. The main point is that owl cholera serum is not effective against the lew disease and as yet no remedy is available. Mo doubt infection can be prevented by keeping jne’s chickens apart from neighboring fowls and keeping their roosts and runways clean. If chickens die from any ailment whatever the carcasses should be sent to the bureau’s labor atory for examination. A century ago the Philippines had so many domestic fowls of all kinds that they were cheap as dirt. At that time the villages were not along the main roads, each peasant’s house stood The moon would soon be visible. At the stroke of the bell my distracted gaze went back to the dread barometer. It was rising! We were saved! The huge swells the typhoon left in its wake subsided little by little, and the wind decreased as the typhoon drew farther away from us, continuing its route of destruction in which it sowed ruin and havoc. So untoward are ty phoons always considered, and so frequent their occurrence in the China sea and this region of the Pacific in the months of August, September and October, that constitute the trimester of the change of the equinoxes, that formerly insurance houses undertook no marine risks covering zoyages in these seas during those months. Mysterious and terrible disasters at sea are •ecorded in the history of the September equiloxial. The ports of China, Japan and the Philip pines preserve records and accounts that are mperishable memorials of disasters in the past hat justify misgivings in the future. (When Guerra wrote, the Jesuits had just established heir observatory in Manila, by which nearly ver since it has been possible to give timely zarning of typhoons, the greatest single boon ver conferred upon shipping in the region from hanghai to Guam and Yap, though it is still npossible to predict every storm and prevent very disaster). On September 21, 1867, five years prior to the ime in which we are now writing, if we rememer rightly, the Spanish steamship Malespina :ft Hongkong for Manila. She carried numerus passengers. The watch on Corregidor zaited in vain day after day to raise sight of er. She was never sighted. More days passed, nd anxiety increased. Every-one explained the hip’s delay according to his own notions, many upposing she had reached the shelter of some zther port which she had been able to make, phe is still awaited. She never came to port! THE COST OF THE PIP isolated in the fields. Later, for improvement of police administration, the peasants were moved down to the roadsides, where they still live in the midst of the dust and grime of the passing traffic. They and their fowls and animals catch, of course, everything that floats in the air. They knew better than the central government what was best for them, but some central government expert thought he could think for them to their advantage—hence the price the country has paid ever since for his type of wisdom. It’s still too catching. Comfort All the Way Shower Baths Help The Oriental Limited Across America Shower baths for men and for women are onlv one of a score of travel comfort features on the finest train across America. Hauled By Giant Oil-Burning Locomotives that speed you across the scenic Northwest from Seattle to Chicago in 69 hours and 55 minutes without change. Our maps and descriptive literature are yours for the asking. We will plan your trip and make all necessary reservations if you desire. A. G. HENDERSON. AGENT. Chaco Building AMERICAN EXPRESS CO. Manila, P. I. Great Northern A Dependable Railway Sugar centrals almost wholly capitalized by loans from the Philippine National Bank, five in Negros and one on Luzon, have reduced their combined debt to 1’43,833,788. Talisay-Murcia has paid the bank 1’700,000 and the Pampanga Sugar Development Company has paid it 1’500,000, while the Isabela Sugar Company has paid it 1 * 253,000, all payments being since January 1, when the combined debt of the six mills was 1 * 46,431,314. The other three mills not men tioned have each paid less than Isabela, smallest of the lot. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 WATERWORKS PROJECTS UNDER CONSIDERATIONS TG JUNE 30th, 1926 Description of System Province Municipality Estimated Population to Kind Cost be served Albay......................Daraga \ Legaspi J Albay......................Ligao \ Oas / ....................................................... Antique..................San Jose Extension.................................... Antique..................Sibalon............................................................ Batanes..................Itbayat............................................................ Batanes..................Ivana \ UyuganI ..................................................... Batangas , Batangas............... Bauan ( Ibauan f ............................................... San Jose * Batangas............... Lipa Extension............................................ Bohol...................... Carmen.......................................................... Bohol...................... Corrella.......................................................... Bohol...................... Dimiao............................................................ Bohol...................... Garcia-Hernandez...................................... Bohol...................... Lila.................................................................. Bohol...................... Leay Extension........................................... Bohol...................... Tagbilaran Improvement......................... Bohol...................... Valencia.......................................................... Bukidnon...............Impasugong................................................... Bulacan..................Baliuag........................................................... Bulacan..................Bulacan.......................................................... Bulacan..................Malolos Extension...................................... Bulacan..................Pulilan............................................................ Bulacan..................San Ildefonso............................................... Bulacan..................San Miguel................................................... Cagayan.................Aparri | Cagayan.................Cama-Liniugan J-....................................... Cagayan.................Lal-lo ) Cagayan.................T uguegarao................................................... Camarines Sur.. .Iriga................................................................ Camarines Sur.. . Camaligan i Camarines Sur.. . Canaman .............................................. Camarines Sur.. . Nagarao ) Camarines Sur. . .Naga.............................................................. Cebu........................Alegria............................................................ Cebu........................Asturias.......................................................... Cebu........................Argao............................................................... Cebu........................Badian............................................................ Cebu........................Bantayan....................................................... Cebu..................... '.Barili Extension.......................................... Cebu........................Danao............................................................. Cebu........................Dumanjug Improvement......................... Cebu........................Mandaue........................................................ Cebu........................Minglanilla.................................................... Cebu........................Moalboal Extension.................................. Cebu........................Oslob............................................................... Cebu........................Ronda............................................................. Cebu........................San Francisco Improvement.................. Cebu........................Sogod.............................................................. Cebu........................Talisay............................................................ Cotabato................Cotabato........................................................ Ilocos Norte.........Laoag ) Ilocos Norte.........Pasuquin .................................................... Ilocos Norte.........Bacarra i Concluded on page 18 1 * 200,000.00 244,000.00 40,000.00 27,000.00 15,000.00 50,000.00 400,000.00 7,000.00 6,100.00 6,000.00 12,000.00 31,500.00 5,000.00 3,200.00 31,000.00 20,000.00 36,000.00 120,000.00 75,000.00 5,000.00 18,000.00 45,000.00 75,000.00 346,000.00 175,000.00 70,000.00 300,000.00 19,000.00 27,000.00 42,000.00 30,000.00 20,000.00 8,600.00 42,000.00 32,000.00 35,000.00 12,000.00 25,200.00 15,000.00 28,000.00 27,000.00 15,000.00 30,000.00 62,000.00 750,000.00 10,000 10,000 Gravity 6,000 Gravity 6,000 1.500 Pumping 2.500 Gravity 1,000 Gravity 2,000 Gravity 1.500 10,000 j WO Gravit^ 2,100 1 Pumping 600 Gravity 1,019 Gravity 1.500 Gravity 2,000 Gravity 700 Gravity 500 Grvaity Pumping 1,435 Gravity 1,600 Gravity 8,000 Pumping 6,000 Pumping 1,100 Pumping 3,000 Gravity 2.500 Pumping 7,000 Pumping 9.200 ) 2,348 }• Pumping 1,382 J 10,000 Gravity 10,000 Pumping 1.500 i 1.500 }■ Pumping 4,000 ) 7,000 1,000 Gravity 1,086 Pumping 4.500 Gravity 1,700 Gravity 4,000 Pumping 300 Gravity 2.500 Gravity 3,210 Gravity 2.500 Gravity 1.500 Gravity 3,000 Gravity 2,000 Gravity 1,880 Gravity Gravity 2.200 Gravity 2,000 Gravity 1,250 Pumping 20,0001 5,800) Gravity 8,500) DOUBLE SATISFACTION Correct lenses in illy-fitting or uncom fortable frames are far from satisfac tory. Neither are wrong lenses comfortable or satisfactory even if placed in the highest priced frame obtainable. CLARK & CO., Optometrists, combine the two-correct lenses in a comfortable, be coming frame or mounting—thus CLARK 8b CO. patrons receive double satisfaction. Always the best in quality but never higher in price. EXCELENTES ESPECIALES CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF •a-CORONA None Genuine Without 1 the Name ALHAMBRA ij on Rings ■I, ^'411 and Labels lllll IMITATED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 Areas.—The grant defined by the Treaty of Paris incloses a land and water area of ap proximately 700,685 square miles. The land area of the Philippines amounts to 114,400 square statute miles about twice the area of Java or Cuba and three times that of Ohio. This area is distributed among some 7,083 islands, but 94 per cent is contained in the eleven largest islands of the group. The total coast-line is 20,260 miles long as compared with that of the United States amounting to 12,877 miles, ex cluding the Great Lakes. Only 2,441 of the islands are named and 6,637 have areas of less than one square mile. There are 30 with areas of one hundred square miles or more. The eleven islands containing the bulk of the land area, arranged in the order of their size, are: Luzon, 40,814 square miles; Mindanao, 36,906 square miles; Samar, 5,124 square miles; Negros, 4,903 square miles; Palawan, 4,500 square miles; Panay, 4,448 square miles; Min doro, 3,794 square miles; Leyte, 2,799 square miles; Cebu, 1,695 square miles; Bohol, 1,534 square miles; and Masbate, 1,255 square miles. Topography.—The Philippines are generally mountainous but almost every variety of topog raphy exists including low marsh lands, coastal plains, plateaus, and extensive valleys, and elevations range from the low lands only a foot or two above high water to the summit of Mt. Apo in Mindanao, 9,690 feet above sea level. Manila Hume Pipe & Tile Works, Inc. No. 1003 Cordeleria, Riverside MANILA Manufacturers of Reinforced Concrete Pipes for every purpose SOLE LICENSEES FOR P. I. UNDER HUME PATENTS FLOOR TILE, ROOFING TILE, HOLLOW BLOCKS, POLES, TANKS, BRICKS, and allied cement products P. O. Box 2045 Tel. 6-71-10 WATERWORKS PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION Location Description of System Expenditures Funds Needed Date When Estimated Present to June to Complete Population Gal. Province Municipality Started Cost Appropriation 30th, 1926 the Work Served Kind Per Day Remarks Albay............... .Camalig.................... 1926 1’12,000 1’ 12,054.90 1’ 8,783.43 None 2,500 Grav. 144,000 Materials requisitioned Albay............... . Guinobatan............. 1925 45,000 45,000.00 46,876.33 None 5,000 Grav. 288,000 60% complete Albay............... . Jovellar.................... 1926 10,500 10,500.00 9,897.40 None 2,500 Grav. 100,800 Materials requisitioned Albay............... . Tabaco...................... 1926 37,000 39,000.00 33,931.00 None 5,500 Grav. 216,000 Materials requisitioned Antique........... .Bugason................... 1925 21,000 21,750.00 17,933.37 None 2,500 Grav. 44,000 99% complete Antique........... .Culasi........................ 1926 30,000 30,000.00 24,048.00 None 1,700 Grav. 100,800 Materials requisitioned Bataan............. , Sisiman.................... 1926 13,000 13,000.00 None Grav. 57,600 Materials requisitioned Eutangas......... .Rosario..................... 1925 18,000 18,000.00 17,384.83 None 5,000 Pump. 223,200 90% complete Bohol................ Anda......................... 1926 20,000 20,600.00 8,139.00 None 2,500 Grav. 100,800 Materials requisitioned Bohol................ • Calape...................... 1925 30,000 30,000.00 22,282.60 None 2,600 Grav. 156,000 90% complete Bohol............... . Inabanga.................. 1925 41,000 43,500.00 37,707.24 None 4,000 Grav. 158,400 45% complete Bohol................ . Loboc........................ 1925 20,000 19,425.21 13,652.87 None 3,000 Grav. 120,000 90% complete Bohol............... .Loon.......................... 1921 33,000 33,000.00 32,963.25 None 5,000 Grav. 172,800 95% complete Bulacan........... . Malolos.................... 1922 120,000 120,000.00 112,014.88 None 6,000 Pump. 480,000 99% complete Cam. Norte. . . Paracale................... 1925 7,800 7,800.00 7,693.81 None 2,500 Grav. 100,000 99% complete Cavite.............. Cavite...................... 1923 120,000 126,500.00 111,901.64 None 10,900 Pump. 432,000 95% complete Cebu................. . Balamban................ 1926 26,000 26,130.00 13,203.00 None 4,800 Grav. 100,800 Materials requisitioned Cebu................. . Carcar Impr............ 1923 48,000 None 48,000 4,000 Grav. Cebu................. .San Fernando........ 1925 21,000 20,300.00 17,155.52 None 3,000 Grav. 108,000 85% complete Iloilo................. . Iloilo Metropolitan 1926 2,100,000 1,662,938.56 1,200,000.00 437,000 91,500 Grav. 4,500,00 Materials contracted Ilocos Norte.. . Badoc........................ 1926 37,000 36,918.50 19,229.88 None 2,800 Pump. 144,000 Materials requisitioned Ilocos Sur. . . . .Bantay...................... 1926 9,000 5,293.00 5,000.00 3,000 2,500 Grav. 144,000 Materials requisitioned Laguna............ . Calamba.................. 1924 85,000 75,000.00 72,696.61 7,000 7,000 Pump. 288,000 90% complete Laguna............ . Lilio.......................... 1925 42,000 39,000.00 33,430.65 None 4,500 Grav. 316,800 65% complete Laguna............. Luisiana................... 1925 48,000 48,000.00 44,233.42 None 4,500 Grav. 216,000 30% complete Laguna............. . Magdalena.............. 1921 68,000 63,610.79 61,413.98 None 3,000 Grav. 216,000 97% complete Laguna............ . Rizal.......................... 1925 27,000 27,000.00 24,920.47 None 3,000 Grav. 216,000 82% complete La Union........ San Fernando........ 1925 84,000 88,000.00 82,487.63 None 5,000 Grav. 300,000 80% complete Leyte............... . Baybay.................... 1924 66,000 69,000.00 66,547.26 None 8,000 Grav. 288,000 80% complete Marinduque. . .Torrijos.................... 1925 22,000 22,000.00 18,771.53 None 5,000 Grav. 201,600 80% complete Mindoro.......... .Bulalacao................. 1926 5,000 5,500.00 3,375.77 None 700 Grav. 43,200 Materials requisitioned Mt. Province.. . Apayao..................... 7,000 5,000.00 2,000 800 • Mt. Province. Kiangan................... 1923 7,000 7,000 Grav. Mt. Provinca. . Lubuagan................ 1921 8,000 5,000.00 5,159.39 3,000 1,200 Grav. 57,600 5% complete Or. Negros. . . .Dauin........................ 1925 23,000 30,000.00 24,028.63 None 1,500 Grav. 57,600 99% complete Or. Negros. . . .Guihulngan............. 1926 21,000 21,161.80 13,688.58 None 3,500 Grav. 144,000 Materials requisitioned Or. Negros. . . .Libertad................... 1926 38,000 30,000.00 22,267.00 8,000 1,600 Grav. 100,800 Materials requisitioned Or. Negros. . . . Vallehermoso.......... 1926 21,000 18,000.00 11,404.00 3,000 2,500 Grav. 100,800 Materials requisitioned Palawan........... . Bacuit...................... 1921 3,200 3,200.00 None 1,000 Grav. 10,000 Palawan........... Balabag Extension. 1922 5,000 3,200.00 1,800 800 Grav. Palawan........... .Bintuan.................... 1921 5,500 4,700.00 800 1,000 Grav. 18,000 Palawan.......... .Culion...................... 1923 35,000- 35,000.00 31,445.00 None 5,000 Pump. Palawan.......... .Cuyo......................... 1921 10,000 1,500.00 800 Grav. 20,000 Palawan.......... . Oton.......................... 1922 5,000 3,000.00 2,000 330 Grav. Palawan........... . Puerto Princesa. . . 1922 3,300 2,200.00 1,100 400 Pump. 1,500 Pangasinan. . . . San Manuel........... 1926 36,000 38,000.00 20,000.00 None 4,000 Grav. 172,800 Materials requisitioned Tayabas.......... . Candelaria............... 1924 59,000 59,000.00 56,119.93 None 3,500 Grav. 216,000 98% complete Tayabas.......... . Mulanay.................. 1925 24,000 25,180.00 20,387.13 None 1,200 Grav. 180,000 90% complete Tayabas........... . Sampaloc................. 1926 24,000 24,000.00 15,265.92 None 3,000 Grav. 201,600 Materials requisitioned Tayabas........... .Tiaong...................... 1924 45,000 45,000.00 43,187.51 None 1,800 Grav. 187,200 95% complete Zambales......... .San Antonio........... 1919 75,000 25,000.00 7,107.59 50,000 4,000 Grav. 216,000 10% complete 1’3,720,300 .3,156,962.76 !2,437,737.05 573,700 248,439 1,661,500 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 Land Areas by Soil Covers and Owner ship.—No complete census of the ownership of Philippine lands is available, but a reasonably accurate estimate shows that ofthell4,400square miles recognized by the Bureau of Lands as the total land area, 100,065 square miles or 87.4 per cent are public lands to be administered or disposed of by the Insular Government. There were under cultivation, during 1925, only 14,342 square miles, or 12.5 per cent of the total area, according to the Bureau of Agri culture. Nearly 53 per cent, or 7,555 square miles, of this cultivated area is in the island of Luzon, chiefly in the Central Plain and the Cagayan Valley, although large areas are also under cultivation in southern Luzon, particu larly in the coconut groves of Tayabas and Laguna. Some 4,481 square miles, or more than 31 per cent of the total land under culti vation is located in the Visayan Islands and the remaining 2,317 square miles under cultivation, or 16 per cent, is distributed throughout the rest of the archipelago. —Trade Commissioner 0. M. Hutter. In Itoscnstock's Manila City Directory {Heady in June'). A little higher, but|—the most skillful blend in cigarette history THE HUMBLE HICCOUGH FATIMA It is reported that Dr. Rosenow, of the Mayo Clinic, recently investigated an epidemic of hiccoughs in Rochester, Minnesota. The Doc tor says hiccough is an infectious disease caused by streptococci. Let’s sing about it: In days of old when beer was sold At cost extremely low, We used to think that it was drink That made us hiccough so; But now the news that we peruse Informs us but to mock us That every hicc proclaimed us sick And bit by streptococcus. Now, what the deuce is any use Of learning of this feature, When it can do no darned good to A single human creature? We can’t afford to take aboard Enough to start us hicking, So we can’t try the alibi, And that is why I’m kicking. Time was his spouse would greet a souse, Who hicked him home a-blinking, With features grim, would say to him, “Adolphus, you’ve been drinking!’’ Eheu! ’Twas then, the good days when ‘Twould have been worth the money To say, “Th’ bunk! No, I’m not drunk! I’m streptocockeyed, honey!” —From The Kalends. DIEHL-ANDERSON COCONUT COMPANY The name of the Banahaw Manufacturing Company has been officially changed to the Diehl-Anderson Coconut Company of which Theobald Diehl is president and manager, Wm. H. Anderson is vice-president and treasurer, Theo. Hoffmann Diehl is secretary and assistant treasurer and Edwin Burke and Fred A. Leas are other directors. Wm. H. Rennolds is an alternate director in the absence of Major Ander son from the islands, and Fred Berry is an alter nate director in the absence of Mr. Burke. Robert Peyer is the company’s auditor; Ohnick and McFie are the attorneys. The company manufactures an increasing quantity of high grade desiccated coconut at its plant in San Pablo, Laguna. The provincial board of Occidental Negros has enacted a law against women bobbing their hair. An anti-bobbing craze is currently affecting the islands, but the business at the barber shops grows. Extremists denounce the practice as an unsavory aspect of American culture. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Province Ilocos Sur. . . Ilocos Sur. . . Ilocos Sur. . . Ilocos Sur. . . Iloilo............... Iloilo.............. Laguna.......... Laguna.......... Laguna........ Laguna........ La Union... Leyte............. Leyte............. Masbate.. .. Masbate........ Misamis.. . . Misamis.. .. Misamis........ Occ. Negros. Occ. Negros. Occ. Negros. Occ. Negros. Or. Negros. . Or. Negros. . Or. Negros. . Or. Negros. . Palawan........ Palawan........ Pampanga.. . Pangasinan. . Pangasinan. . Rizal.............. Samar............ Samar............ Sorsogon. . . . Sorsogon. . . . Surigao.......... Tarlac............ Tayabas........ Tayabas........ Tayabas........ Tayabas........ WATERWORKS PROJECTS UNDER CONSIDERATION.—! Town . Caoayan............................ .Santa................................. .Santa Catalina............... .San Vicente.................... . Pototan-Dingle.............. .‘San Dionisio................... .Lilio Extension.............. . Paste................................. .Pila..................................... .San Pablo Extension. . . Rosario.............................. . Liloan................................ . Maasin............................... . Aroroy............................... .San Fernando................. .Cagayan Improvement. .Jasaan............................... .Misamis............................. .Bacolod ) .Silay f . Sumag f .Talisay ’ . Bacong.............................. . Luzuriaga Extension.. . . Manhuyod........................ .San Juan.......................... . Concepcidn...................... .Coron Improvement.. . . Angeles.............................. . Malasiqui......................... .Urdaneta.......................... .Pasig Extension............. .Llorente............................ . Oras Improvement.... . Barcelona......................... . Gubat................................ . Surigao.............................. .Tarlac................................ . Atimonan......................... . Guinayangan................... .San Narciso.................... .Tayabas Extension. . . . Total 1’5, -Continued. Population Cost P13,500.00 1,700 875 Gravity 24,000.00 Gravity 30,000.00 1,500 Gravity 32,000.00 2,000 Gravity 279,000.00 9,200 Gravity 15,000.00 1,500 Gravity 27,500.00 2,500 Gravity 25,000.00 4,500 Gravity 60,000.00 2,171 Pumping 3,500.00 Gravity 10,000.00 1,050 700 Gravity 6,000.00 Gravity 30,000.00 3,300 Gravity 8,000.00 1,000 Gravity 21,000.00 2,500 Gravity 38,000.00 5,000 2,500 Gravity 20,000.00 Gravity 66,000.00 3,450 8,000 Pumping 663,000.00 6,000 i 1,300 i 6,000 S Gravity 27,000.00 1,800 Gravity 8,500.00 650 Gravity 12,000.00 2,000 Gravity 21,000.00 2,000 600 Gravity 3,600.00 Gravity 13,000.00 600 Gravity 80,000.00 8,000 Pumping 30,000.00 2,613 Pumping 1,800.00 Gravity 27,000.00 5,200 Pumping 14,000.00 2,500 Pumping 10,000.00 3,500 Gravity 25,500.00 4,000 Gravity 78,000.00 7,000 Gravity 70,000.00 6,400 Gravity 120,000.00 6,000 6,000 Pumping 117,000.00 Gravity 48,000.00 1,500 Gravity 18,000.00 1,000 Gravity 20,000.00 1,200 Gravity >,698,500.00 342,619 WELCH - FAIRCHILD, Ltd, SUGAR FACTORS AND EXPORTERS MANILA, P. I. Cable Address: WEHALD, Manila Standard Codes Agents Hawaiian - Philippine Company Operating Sugar Central Silay, Occ. Negros, P. I. Mindoro Sugar Company San Jos6, Mindoro, P. I. New York Agents: Welch, Fairchild & Co., Inc., 135 Front Street San Francisco Agents: Welch & Co., 215 Market Street May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 Read What An Expert Says IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 SHIPPING NOTES SHIPPING REVIEW By II. M. CAVENDER General Agent, Dollar Steamship Line During the period since our last .eport there has continued a satisfactory movement of the principal commo dities exported from the Philippines to World ports. While there has been more than average tonnage on the Phil ippines berth, ships have been well filled and aside from low rates of freight, cargo shipping conditions were satisfactory during the month. The Associated Steamship Lines recently announced the inclusion of sugar to U. S. north Atlantic and gulf ports in their current tariff; rate of freight $7.50 per ton of 2,240 lbs. delivered net weight. This is a most important move jooking to a better rate of freight for the carriage of sugar as can be appreciated when it is noticed THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK - -------- LTD. i (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - - - - 92,500,000.00 Undivided Profits - - 6,142,357.99 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 1759—MANAGER PHONE 1758—GENERAL OFFICE that during the past season the average rate has approximated $o.90 per ton. As announced in our last report, passenger liners are voyaging from the Far East with capacity lists. This is continuing and steamship lines in Manila announce that they are booked full in every direction for weeks in advance. Spot accommodations in any class are not to be had. Hundreds of Filipinos seeking transpor tation to the United States and Honolulu in steerage accommodations were during the month turned away due to the congestion of traffic. While this time of each year sees a heavy movement of first and second class travel to the United States, the movement is even more brisk this year due to the repatriation of foreign refugees from the interior and coast of China. During April a total of 3,141 passengers, all classes, are reported to have departed from the Philippines (first figure represents cabin passen gers, second figure steerage): To China and Japan 378-661; to Honolulu 1-534; to United States 217-1251; to Singapore 21-8; to Europe and miscellaneous ports 68-2. Filipino emigra tion during the month to Honolulu decreased somewhat while the movement to the Pacific coast increased considerably. The comparison shows Honolulu, March 709—April 534; Pacific coast, March 744—April 1251. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines there were exported from the Philippines during the month of March, 1927: To China and Japan ports, 12,177 tons with a total of 39 sailings, of which 8,116 tons were carried in American bottoms with 14 sailings; to Pacific coast for local delivery, 33,064 tons with 13 sailings, of which 29,324 tons were carried in American bottoms with 11 sailings; to Pacific coast for transhipment, 2,053 tons with 9 sailings, of which 1836 tons with 8 sailings were carried in American bottoms; to Atlantic coast, 64,487 tons with 14 sailings, of which 31,802 tons with 5 sailings were carried in American bottoms; to European ports, 21,440 tons with 18 sailings, of which 73 tons with 2 sailings were carried in American bottoms; to Australian ports, 1,399 tons with 5 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none; or a grand total of 134,624 tons with 98 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 71,151 tons with 40 sailings. SHIPPING PERSONALS V. M. Smith, assistant director for Orient, U. S. Shipping Board, left Manila on the Presi dent Taft April 16 on an inspection trip through China and Japan. Mr. Smith expects to return to Manila in the near future. H. M. Cavender, general agent, The Robert Dollar Co., Manila, returned to Manila aboard the President Jefferson April 28 after an absence of four weeks to China and Japan in the interests of the company. T. B. Wilson, general agent, The • Robert Dollar Co., Kobe, has been transferred to Hong kong as general agent at that branch. G. P. Bradford, Manila agent, L. Everett, Inc., left Manila April 24 aboard the President McKinley for Hongkong where he is on busi ness for his company. E. W. Latie, Manila agent, Oregon Oriental Line, left Manila April 24 aboard the President McKinley on a business trip to Hongkong and returned on the President Jefferson April 28. Neil Macleod of Smith, Bell & Co. is leaving Manila, May 28, aboard the Empress of Canada, on a holiday. Mr. Macleod will be relieved by Wm. C. Robinson. IRRIGATION CHARGES The insular government has been appropri ating every year large sums of money for the maintenance, repair, and upkeep of the irriga tion systems in the friar lands estates. Whereas the farms benefited by the irrigation systems constructed by the Bureau of Public Works IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 in recent years are compelled to pay a propor tionate share not only of the total cost of these systems but also of the repair and maintenance expenses, the friar lands tenants have had their systems kept open and going for them free by the insular government. In order, therefore, to provide a gradual method of their taking these systems over from the government as must be done eventually when the final payments of the land shall have been made, a definite schedule of irrigation charges was adopted with a proviso that in those estates where the tenants are willing to pay for the transportation of materials and labor required for the repairs of these systems, such transportation and labor will be accepted in lieu of the irrigation charges. The working out of this plan has naturally met with stiff opposition on the part of the people accustomed to get everything free, but it is believed that these same people will eventually realize the necessity of their gradually assuming responsibilities for the upkeep of these irriga tion systems, as the time is fast approaching when the government will have to deliver these systems over to them. —From the annual report of the Director of Lands for the year 1925, pages 20-21. “Plant Doctors” And Why We Need Them By F. Q. OTANES, Entomologist Plant Pests Control Division, Bureau of Agriculture We have many pests and diseases which cause enormous losses to our agricultural products every year. So we need plant doctors, ento mologists and plant pathologists. The for midable migratory locust, the ubiquitous rats, the rice bug, the sugar cane grubs, the death dealing mosquitoes and fleas, the coconut beetles, the new and destructive diseases of abaca—to combat these and an almost infinite number of other plant maladies there is a crying need for economic entomologists and plant pathologists. Economic entomologists and plant pathol ogists are men who dedicate their time to the study of these plant foes to find means to get rid of them. Their work, although as a rule little known and seldom applauded, benefits the people at large—especially that group which feeds the nation, the farmers, to an incalculable degree. At present we have only two or three ento mologists and about an equal number of plant pathologists who are expected to find and apply remedies for all of our plant maladies. Smaller countries than the Philippines have far more of such experts. As long as this deplorable state of affairs remains, this country will not be able to cope successfully with the numerous plant pests and diseases prevalent. Young men who have shown interest and aptitude along these Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. ‘‘The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig & von Knobelsdorff Agents 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 lines, which have an important bearing on our national wellbeing, should be given every en couragement. Men engaged in this work here, the plant doctors, have a most difficult task before them. They are expected to tackle so many pests and diseases; the area involved is great; they are still few in number and the facilities at their disposal are limited; in extending the results of their work they have to deal with various groups speaking different dialects, among which the cooperative spirit is absent or weak. In no other work is cooperation more needed than in plant and disease control work. Superstitions are to be overcome which are especially strong in rural districts. Ignorance and prejudice are to be fought. Plant doctors have much of this experience, but they can win in the end, with the help and encouragement of those who are willing to understand. AMERICAN MAIL LINE (ADMIRAL ORIENTAL LINE) DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports SAILING ONCE A WEEK TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS ROUND THE WORLD Sailings every fortnight President Garfield - May President Harrison May Presiden t Monroe - June President Wilson - June President Van Buren - July President Hayes - - July President Polk - - Aug. President Adams - Aug. VICTORIA 13 AND 27 SEATTLE 10 via 24 Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, 8 and Yokohama 22 5 19 SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS 24 Calle David MANILA Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 Cocoanut Shell Charcoal: Possibilities By L. M. Merritt Barnebey - Cheney Engineering Company, Ohio For hundreds of years man has used charcoal for many purposes. He burned it as fuel; he filtered his water through it; he aged his whiskey in charred barrels; he made marks on various things in order to make his wants known to other people; he found many uses for charred vegetable or animal material. As time went on, various types of charcoal were found useful for special purposes. We know that soft wood charcoal is best for artists, that bone charcoal has been used in refining sugar for years, that hickory wood char is best for whiskey barrels, etc. Scientists have for years used special forms of charcoal made in various ways for chemical purposes. It was through the work of science that the special properties of coconut shell charcoal be came known. Many of these properties have been known for years but the World War was responsible for the real development of its use. Then chemists found that by special treatment of the shell of the coconut they could make a charcoal that would absorb the poisonous gases used in warfare. As a result the present type of gas mask was designed. Charcoal was not the only ingredient of the cannister that has an affinity for the poison gases in the air that the soldier inhaled. Various chemicals are used with the charcoal. Each ingredient had its special purpose. Several kinds of charcoal were possible for this work. Our adversary, Germany, used a wood charcoal. Our government chose coconut shells as a raw material. Our ability to get coconut shells was unhampered, while Germany could not reach her hand out to get them because of the effective blockade of her ports. After the war closed, new uses for this charcoal were found. Since the charcorf had the facility of absorbing various materials in the gaseous state, big fields were opened up to the scientist. Such processes as extraction of gasoline from natural gas and recovery of various solvents from solvent-air mixtures were discovered and the processes duly patented. New types of equipment for the manufacture of this charcoal were invented and likewise patented. The field proved to be a good one where truly scientific investigations were made. In the gasoline field many patents have been issued for equipment used in the extraction of the gasoline. The gasoline obtained is of a very high quality and brings a good price. The field of solvent recovery has found various uses. Coconut shell carbon can be used for recovery of the solvents used in the manufacture of artificial leather such as used in automobiles finishing, furniture finish ing, etc., and for many other uses of a highly specialized nature. During the World War the United States Government turned to the Philippines to furnish a quantity of coconut shells for gas masks. The supply of this raw material in the United States was limited to the plants manufacturing desiccated coconut. The war department need ing more coconut shells than could be supplied by the coconut desiccator, turned to their other logical source of supply, the Philippines. During the war they found the shipping of shells pro hibitive, so the shells were carbonized before shipment. The charcoal furnished from the Philippines at that time was of low quality because it was made by the ordinary processes and could not be controlled as to quality. The manufacture of this carbon is highly specialized. The charcoal obtained from ordi nary distillation of the shells has practically no value for the uses previously mentioned. This charcoal must be treated by another pro cess before its special properties are pioduced. The equipment used has been patented as well as the product produced. The cost of transportation of coconut shells in the Philippines hampers an economical arrange ment for concentrating shells in quantities large enough for commercial use. The final product of absorbent carbon amounts to only about 8 to 10 per cent of the weight of shells. Thus one can see that even with low price of shells a carbon of high cost will necessarily be produced. If the transportation problem could be overcome, these islands would furnish a fertile field for this raw material. As it is now the cost is high. Some day after the islands have been developed to a higher state we will see the manufacturers of coconut shell carbon buying more and more shells here. LUMBER: QUARTER ENDING, MARCH 31, 1927 By Florencio Tamesis Acting Director, Bureau o/ Forestry As predicted in last year’s review, the lum ber industry has kept its increasing trend dur ing the first quarter of this year. During this period the lumber exported from the Phil ippines |amounted to 15,735,912 board feet valued at 1’1,246,830 as compared with 13,483,624 board feet val ued at 1’1,136,576 in 1926. From all indica tions the demands for lumber and logs for export trade are such that it is reasonably ex pected that during the following quarter the lumber shipment would be about the same as that of the first quarter of the year. Reports from 33 mills show that the produc" tions during this quarter amounted to 42,378,' 643 board feet; the shipment amounted to 45,165,648 board feet; and the lumber inventory at the end of March amounted to 29,433,968 board feet. The figures of exports show that February is the banner month for this year. This is prin cipally due to the large shipment of logs to Japan during that period. During March, however, there was hardly any shipment made to this market and consequently the export decreased by about 2,000,000 board feet. It is, however, expected that Japan will again import a great quantity during the coming months. The following table shows the export for the first three months of 1927 as compared with the export for the same period of time in 1926. Reports received from various mills indicate that heavy preparations are being made both in the milling and in the logging ends of the industry preparatory to filling up orders which were not filled during last year. In general, the local lumber industry has been brisk during this period with satisfactory selling prices. LUMBER EXPORTS Month Volume Volume Bd. Ft. Value Bd. Ft. Value Total FOR SALE Second Hand Machinery One Alternator, 250 KW; 2200 volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase, direct connected to cross compound Hamilton-Corliss Engine 12-24X36; with generator panel and rheostat. Two 100KW Alternators; 2200 volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase; belted, 18" pulley; direct connected exciters; with gen erator panels. Two Venn-Severin Crude Oil Engines, 60 H.P. each. One Worthington surface condenser, 400 H.P. One Scotch Marine Boiler, 400 H.P. 50—100-kilo Ice cans; new. (Knocked down.) 4 Galvanized steel brine tanks; 2500 kilo capacity each; ammonia fittings. Steam pipe and fittings up to 10". Tube bender for sterling boiler tubes. Tube cleaner, Lagonda, water driven, for 4" tubes; with extra parts, new. Steam and Oil separator. Steam Traps. Marine Engines: (1 Union, 50 H.P., distillate) (1 Quayle, 25-35 H.P., crude oil.) Meters, Electric, Transformers. For Prices, etc., Apply BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu or Iloilo The Nueva Ecija Milling Company began cane grinding Thursday, March 31, expecting to turn out less than 1000 tons of sugar this season because of the tardy opening of the plant. This mill is the old Canlaon mill, brought up from Negros and erected at Cabiao on the Felipe Buencamino, Jr., plantation. Its capa city is 150 tons of cane daily. New land tax troubles broke out in Cotabato during March and were settled by constabulary assaults on recalcitrant Alangkat Mohammedans in one of which the leader and 17 of his chief followers were shot dead. 1927 1926 January....................................................................... February.................................................................... March......................................................................... 5,019,312 P 416,028 3,034,568 P 287,848 6,644,504 493,972 3,892,744 364,117 4,072,096 336,830 6,556,312 484,611 15,735,912 1’1,246,830 ' 13,483,624 Pl,136,576 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 WESTINGHOUSE LIGHT and POWER PLANTS I Why not enjoy the coni venience of electric light in your provincial home as well as your friends in the city? Westinghouse Light and Power Plants carry the same guarantee and give the same service and bear the same reputation as all other Westinghouse Elec trical Machinery and Supplies. Send for illustrated catalogue MACLEOD and CO. MACHINERY DEPARTMENT 154 Marques de Comillas | MANILA | _________ I BRANCHES | Cebu Iloilo Vigan Davao : REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By T. H. Smith Vice-President and General Manager, Macleod &• Company This report covers the markets for Manila Hemp for the month of Apr> I with statistics up to and including May 2nd, 1927. U. S. Grades: Mar ket ruled firm but quiet in New York at the opening of the month with first-hand sellers rather reservedjand buy ers on the other hand holding off. Values were round a basis of F, 16 cents; I, 14 cents; JI, 10-3/8 cents April-May shipment. A prospective change in the control of Mexican Sisal influenced prices somewhat and values appreciated by the 11th of the month to a basis of F, 16-1/4 cents; I, 14-1/2 cents; JI, 11 cents. From mid April the market turned quiet for I Fair Current and grades above, any demand in the market being for JI and lower grades of U. S. qualities; JI touching at one time 11-1/2 cents spot or near New York. The closing week reflects a dull tone in U. S. market with practically no business doing and values basis F, 15-3/8 cents; I, 14 cents; JI, 11 cents. Business in high grade hemp has been prac tically negligible. E Midway has been offered down to 16 cents April-May New York. Manila market for U. S. grades continued very firm during the early days of the month on reserve of sellers. Prices by the 12th touched a basis E, 1’39.50; F, 1’38.50; G, 1’21.50; H, 1’20.50; I, 1’33.50; JI, 1’24.50; SI, 1’37.50; 1 * S2, 1 * 32.50; S3, 1’25. Here and there 4 reales more was paid by representatives of U. S. inter ests to fulfill their orders. Market then turned easier on dealers showing more desire to sell and toward the close of the month values slipped away to a basis of E, 1 * 37; F, 1’36; G, 1’21; H, 1’20; I, 1 * 31; JI, 1’23; SI, 1’35; S2, 1’30; S3, 1 * 23.50. Here and there small parcels changing hands at 2 to 4 reales less. Market closed fairly steady at last prices quoted. U. K. Grades: London market opened quiet but steady soon turning to a firmer tone on sellers withdrawing from the market. Values being basis J2, £42.15; K, £41.15; LI, £41.10; L2, £40; Ml, £40; M2, £38 April-May shipment. Buyers from then on adopted a very cautious policy, holders however remaining very firm and little business passed though values were well maintained. During the latter week of April news was published that Mexican Sisal price was fixed at 6-7/8 cents Progresso for next six months. This doubtless affected U. K. grades adversely and market turned dull, some export houses showing more desire to make progress. Values receded about £2 per ton, there however being a steadier tone at the close on “Bear” covering and less inclination to sell on part of speculators in London. Closing values J2, £40.10; K, £39.15; LI, £39.5; L2, £38; Ml, £38; M2, £36.10 May-June shipment. Manila market for U. K. grades opened steady to firm basis J2, 1’20.50; K, 1’19.50; LI, 1’19.50; L2, 1’18; Ml, 1’18; M2, 1’16.50; DL, 1’15.50; DM, 1’13.50. Prices by second week of April appreciated by 4 reales and a fair business was done at the higher figure. Toward the end of the month the financial crisis in Japan resulted in but little support from that quarter. This depressing factor added to weaker advices from U. K. caused a decline in values to a basis of J2, 1 * 19.50; K, 1’19; LI, 1’18.75; L2, 1’17.50; Ml, 1’17.50; M2, 1 * 16; DL, 1’15.50; DM, 1’13.50. A limited business being put through at this lower figure in the closing week. Freight Rates: Freight Rates remain with out change. Statistics: We give below the figures for the period extending from April 5th to May 2nd, Shipments 1927 1926 Stocks oni January 1st . . . 112,382 153,181 Receipts to May 2nd......... 429,042 442,387 Stocks oni May 2nd............ 136,338 182,137 Total........................ 405,086 413,431 To the— To May 2, 1927 Bales. To May J. Bales. United Kingdom............. 116,309 97,894 Continent of Europe.. . 45,621 56,707 Atlantic U. S.................. 96,296 125,588 U. S. via Pacific............ 41,704 47,178 Japan.................................. 70,187 57,776 Elsewhere and Local.. . 34,969 28,288 TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. Meyer Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw Leaf: While transactions in grades for local consumption have been of small volume, some greater activity in the export business was noticeable during April, as is shown by the accompanying statistics. A regular monthly export of this size would help some what to relieve the great overstock in the hands of local leaf tobacco dealers. Shipments abroad during April were as follows: Leaf Tobacco and Scraps Algiers......................................................... 157 Australia..................................................... 20,459 China........................................................... 10,145 Czechoslovakia........................................ 1,047,816 France......................................................... 368,248. Germany.................................................... 78,940 Holland....................................................... 20,937 Hongkong.................................................. 33,317 Japan........................................................... 23,000 Morocco..................................................... 157,872 Spain........................................................... 568,901 Straits Settlements................................. 3,550 United States.......................................... 79,474 2,412,816 Cigars: The export business with the United States continues on its steady downward trend, with chances for improvement rather remote. The reasons underlying this unsatisfactory state of affairs have very often been mentioned in these columns. Comparative figures for the trade with the United States are as follows: April, 1927.. March, 1927 April, 1926.. 14,038,283 14,151,294 17,154,776 The outstanding bonded indebtedness of the Philippine government as of January 1, 1926, was 1’151,600,000 and, ao far as the records show, these bonds are held entirely in the United States. The bonded indebtedness of the mu nicipal governments as of the same date, ex clusive of Manila, was 1’420,000 held chiefly in Manila. The city of Manila and the Metro politan Water District combined have a total bonded indebtedness of 1’19,000,000, the bonds being held partly by the insular government and partly by interests in the United States. The provinces have no bonded debt. The insular government is also indebted for 1 * 20,000,000 borrowed on temporary certificates maturing 'TS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Mu iloz, Nuna Ecija. Director, Rice Producers' Association. .4 J There has been a slight reduction in prices at the shipping points due to seasonal demands and palay brings from 1’3.30 to 1’3.35 per cavan of 44 kilos. The spread between the price of palay and rice is still greater than it should be, but this can confidently be expected to be rectified within the next month. Transportation inter-provincially is still woefully inadequate in relation to Manila values and prices prevailing in the rice-importing prov inces. In many cases it is 25 per cent of the total value of the commodity. While rail and motor transportation of the crop could be bet tered by extensions, the interisland shipping, which harks back to the sixties in age, is still enjoying the era of high freights and poor service. This is one angle of crop transportation that needs the rude hand of a proconsul to remedy it. Supply seems adequate for this year’s needs, indeed with the greatest amount of rice ever known in the islands, its consequent price de pression is a problem of serious importance to the producer. Unless he can find ways and means of increasing yield and decreasing cost, another such agricultural victory might spell financial defeat. The extreme low general yields for the islands is due to the fact that rice as the principal food crop is grown in all regions, even those which have concentrated on the export crops. As climatic and soil conditions are not always favorable, this results in a low yield which reduces general averages to a low point. It is probable that this factor will obtain for some time. The general averages for'Nueva Ecija and the central plain of Luzon as a whole this year are very favorable, due to the favorable season, and the yield approaches very close to that of the granary of the orient, Indo-Asia. The extreme price peak for palay this year is not expected to go over 1’3.75, with rice at pro portionate prices. Still there are many opti mists who intend holding for the impossible price, as is but natural, they having little knowledge of economic conditions governing this commodity. RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By M. D. Royer Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company closed their grinding products therefrom c account of typhoon ds The following com modities were received in Manila March 26 to April 25, 1927, both inclusive, via Manila Railroad. The decrease in rice shipments is largely due to the lower prices quot ed in the Manila market against firm prices of palay. Decrease in sugar shipments is large ly due to some of the central factories having season. Coconuts and jntinue to decrease on mages of last November. Rice, cavans...................... Sugar, piculs...................... Tobacco, bales................... Copra, piculs...................... Coconuts.............................. Lumber, B.F...................... Desiccated coconuts, cases 1927 April March 239,250 194,096 5,600 65,296 2.114,000 456,300 6,478 281,250 300,480 6,300 95,700 2,261,000 335,000 9,900 APRIL SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild New York Market: The weakness in the American sugar market reported at the close of the previous month con tinued throughout the first week of the month under review, and Cubas were sold at prices rang ing between 2-13/16 cents and 2-27/32 cents, equivalent to 4.59 cents and 4.62 cents landed terms, duty paid for Philippine centrifugals, while there were sales of Porto Ricos at 4.55 cents landed terms, duty paid. The market showed improvement during the second and third weeks when prices gradually advanced to 3-3 16 cents (4.90 cents 1. t.) at which price large sales of Cubas were made. At the close of the third week the market for Cuban sugar was strong and there were buyers at 3.06 cents f.o.b. (4.99 cents 1. t ). This improvement in the market was due to the report that weather conditions in Europe were unfavorable for the European beet crop and that 39 Cuban mills had already stopped grinding, also that rain was much needed in Cuba for the plantings for next season. Later reports, however, indicated that the weather in Europe had improved and that rains had fallen in Cuba. These later reports in conjunc tion with the news of the bank crisis in Japan and the chaotic situation in China had an adverse influence upon the sugar market during the last week of the month and prices declined, sales of Porto Ricos having been made on the basis of 4.83 cents landed terms. At the close of the month, the market was depressed with a downward tendency, and there OXYGEN Electrolytic Oxygen 99% pure HYDROGEN Electrolytic Hydrogen 99% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Acetylene Weld ing Shops BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite Electric Stor age Batteries Philippine Acetylene Co. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL MANILA were sales of Cubas at 3.00 cents c. and f. or 4.77 cents landed terms duty paid for Phil ippine centrifugals. In this connection, it may be of interest to note how conditions in the Far East might affect the world’s sugar market. Last year it was reported that as much as 250,000 tons of Cubas found a market in the Far East. A decreased demand from Japan and China, on account of the difficulties already mentioned, would not only reduce the Far Eastern quota of the Cuban exportable surplus but would compel Java to seek a market in Europe for its surplus which would otherwise be absorbed by China and Japan. This condition may be further aggra vated by the increased 1926-1927 production in India which, according to the latest report, will be 3,208,000 long tons as against 2,977,000 tons in 1925-1926 or an increase of 231,000 long tons, which means that there will be a de creased demand from India for Javan sugar to the extent of that amount. A decreased demand in the Far East would have the effect of increasing the exportable surplus which will seek a market in Europe and America. Quotations on the New York Exchange for future deliveries during the month as compared with those of the previous month are as follows: Quotations Previous Month High Low Latest High Low Latest May................. 3.06 2.83 2.97 3.22 2.91 2.92 July.................. 3.18 2.95 3.03 3.33 3.02 3.04 September. .. 3.27 3.05 3.13 3.42 3.11 3.14 December. . . 3.29 3.09 3.18 3.28 3.05 3.17 January.......... 3.12 2.88 3.03 3.04 2.85 2.95 March............. 2.98 2.75 2.87 2.94 2.74 2.82 Approximately 40,000 tons of Philippine centrifugals, afloats and near arrivals, were sold in New York at prices ranging from 4.52 cents to 4.95 cents landed terms. Local Market: The local market for centri fugals was practically quiet during the first three weeks of the month with few transactions made at prices ranging from 1’10.70 to 1’11.50 per picul. During the last week, however, con siderable quantities of centrifugals were sold in Iloilo on the basis of from 1’11.25 to 1’11.90 per picul. In the muscovado market, the busi ness with Japan continued inactive, only in significant purchases were reported during the month all of which practically made by Chinese exporters. The end of the milling season is approaching. Some of the Centrals on Negros have already finished grinding. La Cariota Sugar Central finished on the 7th of April with a total produc tion of 56,668 metric tons of sugar or 895,934 piculs, being the record individual Central pro duction in the Philippines. The HawaiianPhilippine Co. will finish milling in the first week of May with over 43,000 metric tons of sugar, thereby taking second place for this year’s production. There is continued optimism as to the pros pects of the coming crop in Negros. Many are of opinion it will approximate the one being harvested, but it is as yet too early to make a reliable estimate, since too much rain during the months of May and June may offset the present very favorable outlook. Milling has almost ceased in Luzon. Pampanga Sugar Mills finished on the 1st of April with a final outturn of 40,534 metric tons, while Calamba Sugar Estate terminated its operations on April 19, with 24,776 metric tons. In the Pampanga district, the young cane appears to have been benefited by the rains falling in March and April. Rains seldom fall during this time of the year. In the Laguna, Batangas and Cavite districts, however, the rains have fallen only on certain sections espe cially near the mountains, while the valleys are reported to be badly in need of water. There was considerable interest aroused in the local sugar circles by press dispatches reIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 ceived from Washington, announcing the pro posal of President Machado of Cuba during his visit to Washington, to call a world conference of sugar producers for the purpose of adopting a universal restriction plan. An obstacle to the success of the proposed plan lies in the fact that sugar is grown in practically all sections of the globe and that, except in a few countries, it is produced on a small scale. The small pro ducers, like the Philippines, will be most adverse ly affected if the proposed world’s restriction policy is adopted. Shipping statistics from the Philippines from January 1 to April 23, 1927, are as follows: Japan and AUant’C Pacific U. S. Centrifugals 197,394 46,212 Muscovados 43 Refined . . . ------- 456 China 9,404 Total 243,606 9,447 456 197,394 46,711 9,404 253,509 Francisco, 4-7/8 cents to 5 cents; London-Cebu, £26/5/0; Manila-buen corriente, 1’11.25; resecado, 1’12.375 to 1’12.75. COCONUT OIL Although the volume of trading for this item in the U. S. market was somewhat larger than March figures, there is still a decided lack of interest among buyers to take on heavy forward business. Cottonseed oil sentiment is bullish due primarily to the southern floods. We do not have accurate figures on the extent of this damage, but it is safe to assume that a consider able area of the flooded districts will be replanted with cotton when the floods subside. In the meantime the heavy cottonseed oil surplus from the past year continues to act as a deterrent for materially higher prices, and of course depres ses competing fats and oils in general. Latest cables: San Francisco, 8-1/8 cents f. o. b. tank cars; New York, 8-1/4 to 8-3/8 cents f. o. b. tank cars; London, no quotation. COPRA CAKE The Continental market for copra cake con tinued to improve and, within a week after the Easter Holidays, advanced from £7/5/0 to £7/19/0. During the closing days of the month, the market continued strong for offerings for almost any position but is now advised as easier with buyers apparently satisfied for the time being. Our latest quotations: Hamburg, £7/15/0; San Francisco, $32.00 per ton, nominal. Manila, P. I., May 6, 1927. For P4.00 Per Year you can keep your home-town editor in America conversant with the Philippines by sending him — The Journal Java Market: Apparently influenced by the bank crisis in Japan, the Java market was quiet and dull during the first three weeks of the month. During the last week, however, the Java market was reported steady with Superiors for July-September shipment offered at Gs. 17-7/8 (per 100 kilos) or 1’9.40 per P. I. picul, f.o.b. Miscellaneous: Stocks in the statistical countries at the end of the month were 4,420,000 tons as compared with 4,762,000 tons at the same time in 1926 and 3,509,000 tons in 1925. The fifth estimate of the European beet crop for 1926-1927 made by Dr. Mikusch was 6,930,000 tons or 20,000 tons more than the previous estimate. This compares with the 1925-1926 production of 7,595,000 tons^or a decrease of 665,000 tons. COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By.E. A. SEIDENSPINNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling COPRA Firmness has charac terized the local copra market during the en tire month of April. This condition comes from the further dimin ished supply at pro ducing centers, aug mented by the usual lull in copra manufacture during the Easter Hol idays. Even with the return to production after Holy Week, sup plies are exceedingly light and there is no relief in sight during the next 60 days. This applies particularly to the Laguna-Tayabas district and it is our observa tion that production in the Southern Islands has also fallen off to a great extent. While there has been very little variation in buyers’ ideas at Manila for ex-godown stocks, provincial prices have advanced on an average of from 1’.15 to 1 * .25 per picul, which, of course, makes trading rather difficult. Total arrivals at Manila for the month of April were approximately 140,000 sacks, which figure is almost 90,000 sacks less than March of 1927 and 39,000 sacks less than April of 1926. There has been very little of interest to note in advices from the U. S. copra market, the month closing with sellers offering 4-7/8 cents and buyers asking 5 cents per pound c. i. f. Pacific coast ports. The London market for copra has advanced steadily thruout the month due undoubtedly in part to the firm Continental copra cake market. At this writing we are quoted £26/5/0 for Cebu sundriedand £25/15/0 for f. m. m. Manila. Latest cables follow: San NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY “2000 MILES OF STARTLING BEAUTY” (DIRECT CONNECTION TO THE EAST AND SOUTH) THE NEWEST EQUIPMENT IS ON THE NORTH COAST LIMITED SEATTLE TO CHICAGO “NEWEST” means an Observation-Lounge Car surpassing all others heretofore designed. Barber, Valet, Ladies Maid, Bath, Library, Smoking and Card Rooms, Writing Desk, inviting lounge and wide observation platform. “NEWEST” means Pullman sleeping cars different from any you have seen on any other train. Permanent head-boards divide the sec tions for greater privacy. Interior Decorations in soft, new colors. Here is luxury unlimited for sleeping car passengers. All Steel Construction Means Safety. In the Dining Car are those “famously good” Northern Pacific meals, served with deft courtesy and skill at low prices. Daily from Seattle to Chicago IN 70 HOURS. No change of cars. For rates and literature write R. J. TOZER GENERAL AGENT 609 Robert Dollar Bldg. Shanghai, China. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 Do you own a Hot Water Heater? This Tank Water Heater will pro vide plenty of hot water for kitchen and bath. Its cost is low. The consumption very moderate. Manila Gas Corporation DISPLAY ROOM: MAIN OFFICE: No. 5 Calle David Calle Otis, Paco Tel. 443 Tel. 289 YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex. Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WAS H I NG TO N ENGINES STATISTICAL REVIEW IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Quantit Value Coconut Oil.......................................... Cigars (Number)................................. Embroidery........................................... Maguey.................................................. Leaf Tobacco....................................... Desiccated and Shredded Coconut. Hats (Number)................................... Lumber (Cubic Meter) ................... Copra Meal.......................................... Knotted Hemp.................................... Pearl Buttons (Gross)....................... Canton (low grade cordage fiber).. All Other Products............................. Total Domestic Products................. United States Products..................... Foreign Products................................. Grand Total.. 81,871,347 11,725,520 13,705,568 24,099,354 17,431,585 9 2 9 1 8 3 5 2 0 0 0 0 2 Cotton Cloths................... Other Cotton Goods .... Iron and Steel. Except Machinery..................... Wheat Flour..................... Machinery and Parts of.. Dairy Products................ Gasoline............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles....................... Vegetable Fiber Goods. . Meat Products................. Illuminating Oil............... Fish and Fish Products. . Crude Oil........................... Coal..................................... Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, Etc................................... Fertilizer............................. Vegetables.......................... Paper Goods, Except Books.............................. Tobacco and Manufac tures of........ :................ Electrical Machinery. . . . Books and Other Printed Matter............................. Cars and Carriages, Ex cept Autos..................... Automobile Tires.............. Fruits and Nuts.............. Woolen Goods................... Leather Goods.................. Shoes and Other Foot wear................................. Coffee................................. Breadstuffs, Except Wheat Flour................. Eggs..................................... Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................. Lubricating Oil................. Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glassware.... Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ Oils not Separately listed.. Earthen Stones & ChinaAutomobile Accessories. . Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.. . . Wood, Bamboo, Reed, Rattan............................ India Rubber Goods.... Soap.................................... Matches............................. Cattle and Carabaos. . . . Explosives.......................... Cement............................... Sugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films. . . All Other Imports........... Total. . . . . . . . Quantity March, 1926 Value 0 2 5 2 6 7 0 3 Monthly average for 12 months previous to March. 1927 26 21 16 13 3 3 Quantity Value 5 8 NOTE:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS March, 1927 Value P2,940,918 966,208 139,290 61,222 216,543 236,572 141,213 155,813 98,549 153,925 185,697 212,919 120,574 89,625 257,398 156,762 124,121 152,897 161,469 13 5 3 10 0 2 7 5 2 2 3 0 5 3 3 9 9 0 7 9 0 0 6 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 6 7 2 2 2 2 2 5 0 5 0 0 2 9 7 6 5 7 9 9 8 4 9 8 3 2 3 P24.075.093 100.0 Monthly average for March, 1926 12 months ending March, 1927 CARRYING TRADE IMPORTS Value_ P4,151,483 1,252,825 378,351 748,758 391,820 322,549 662,435 297,512 125,847 51,504 174,937 300,963 167,267 225,307 52,758 154,252 168,687 183,857 97,595 169,920 239,463 159,052 130,127 97,535 75,782 17 5 7 3 5 2 6 8 3 2 5 2 2 3 0 8 2 8 6 7 5 8 3 0 0 2 7 7 0 0 2 7 0 8 9 0 0 7 1 0 8 0 0 7 8 0 5 0 3 0 6 0 0 6 0 2 0 0 Value___ P3.296.534 1,182,233 249,079 192,197 303,473 349,^260 376,150 337,011 225,773 208,251 142.559 117,826 118,273 16.6 6.0 5 9 9 0 0 0 5 7 3 0 8 8 7 9 8 0 7 3 5 7 7 6 6 4 7 7 3 2 3 2 2 100.0 PORT STATISTICS TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Ports Value Value Nationality of Vessels American.......... British............... Japanese.......... Dutch............... German............ Norwegian. . . . Philippine........ Spanish............. Chinese............ Swedish............ Danish.............. Portuguese.. .. Belgian............. By Freight.. .. By Mail........... ___ Total. Nationality of Vessels American... British........ Japanese... Swedish.. .. German.. .. Norwegian. Spanish.... Dutch........ Philippine.. Chinese.... French........ Argentine.. By Freight. By Mail... Total. March, 1927 Value 6,554 739,334 47.: Monthly average for March, 1926 12 months ending March, 1927 Value Value EXPORTS March. 1927 Value 9,840 503.478 % 53.0 24.0 15.9 3.6 1.‘ 66,596 54 27 5 2 3 8 6 6 6 8 0.3 51 30 5 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 8 4 2 8 8 5 1 March, 1926 Value Monthly average for 12 months ending March, 1927 Value % 8 0 48 29 9 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 3 5 8 7 3 3.8 3.7 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries Value % Monthly average for March, 1926 12 months previous to March, 1927 Value Value Iloilo........... Cebu........... Zamboanga. Jolo............. 59 25 11 0 % 67.0 22.0 7.8 1.2 6 2.0 Value 9 8 6 3 2 2 0 Total. 0 United States........... United Kingdom.. .. J?P“.......................... French East Indies. Germany.................. . Spain.......................... Australia................... British East Indies. Dutch East Indies. France........................ Netherlands.............. Italy.......................... Hongkong.................. Belgium...................... Switzerland................ Japanese-China........ Denmark.................... Other Countries. . .. Total.......... 71 3 5 3 0 2 3 1 2 0 9 3 0 2 S 5 6 5 6 0 0 0 0.6 72 3 6 3 8 9 6 7 5 0 0 0 0 2 6 3 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 8 7 7 3 3 1 1 0.1 0.6 0.6 P53.292.659 100.0 P54,677,025 100.0 P43,985,1S4 100.0 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1927 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY B. A. GREEN REAL ESTATE Improved and Unimproved City, Suburban and Provincial Properties Expert valuation, appraisement and reports on real estate Myers Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND Telephone 507 34 Escolta Cable Address: “BAG” Manila Manila, P. I. Philippine Islands 230 Kneedler Bldg. Tel. 1610 PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery fr ® CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. “LA URBANA” (Sociedad Mutua de Construccidn y Pristamos) Prestamos Hipotecarios Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description Inversiones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao Phone 2-22-33 “El Hogar Filipino” Building WARNER, BARNES & CO., LTD. Insurance Agents Transacting All Classes of Insurance MADRIGAL & CO 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Phone 22516 P. O. Box 2103 Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers M. J. B. The Quality Coffee F. E. Zuellig, Inc. j Cebu Manila Iloilo s. w. J . P. O. Box 1394 STRAUS & CO. BOND S for sale by A. STIVER Telephone 2-20-70 121 Real, Intramuros, Manila Forty-four years without a dollar loss to any investor Quality Shirts k TOYO SHIRT FACTORY 1044 AlC ARRAGA. MANILA. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL LA NOBLEZA CIGAR AND CIGARETTE FACTORY 409 Tayuman, Manila Cable address L.N. Tel. No. 2-78-53 >> RIL HERMANOS S 7 CAI.1.1 DAVID Manila Wine Merchants, Ltd. 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 403 Phones: 2-25-67 and 2-25-68 WEANDSCO Western Equipment and Supply Co. Exclusive distributers in the Philippines for Western Electric Co. Graybar Electric Co. 119 Calle T. Pinpin P. O. Box 2277 Manila, P. I. Recommended By Leading Doctors Drink It For Your Health’s Sake w TEL 1106 Nature’s Best Mineral Water CHRYSLER 50 60 70 80 Luneta Motors Co., Inc. 54 San Luis TEL. 370 THE AMIRICAN EXPRESS CO.. INC. International Banking, Shipping, Travel CITY TICKET OFFICE Manila Railroad Company American Express Travelers Cheques Ferro Watt “D” lamps are scientifically constructed to with stand heavy vibration, whilst the filaments of this super illumination are so ingeniously ar ranged, to radiate a po werful light where it is needed. Ferro Watt lamps constitute a real public service. s Sittin’ pretty on the top of the world OLID comfort a-plenty. More hours in the easy chair. Leisure instead of labor. That is what electricity, coming through outlets in the wall, gives to men and women. Behind those outlets are miles of distributing mains which connect your house with the generating station: stokers, boilers, generators and men on the job night and day to keep you supplied with electricity. Look to these outlets for the powerful and dependable servant electricity, that will enable you to do your hardest work easily and quickly. Be sure that you have plenty of electric outlets in every room. Here's a job for the electrical contractor; ask him to estimate on an adequate installation. The cost will seem moderate when you realize it is buying you that “Sittin' pretty" feeling for years to come. Sole Philippine Distributors Engineering Company 936 Raon, Manila Manila Electric Co. (MERALCO) 134 San Marcelino Tel. 2-19-11 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Do Yourself Justice—Drive Ever Built it has never achieved greater things than apparent All that is desirable, in beauty, in comfort, The Greatest IN justice to yourself and to your purse you should investigate carefully the extraordinary values offered in today’s BUICK as com pared with any other fine car. In in in all of BUICK’S brilliant history this. The Greatest Buick Ever Built, conveniences, in motor economy., is embodied in this outstanding motor value. It is THE car that you will be proud to own and drive. A demonstration awaits you. Teal Motor Co., Inc. Muelle del Banco Nacional MANILA CAPITAL (paid in cash) - - - - - U. S. $5,000,000.00 SURPLUS and UNDIVIDED PROFITS - - U. S. $9,000,000.00 Head Office ----- 60 Wall St., New York BRANCHES INTERNATIONAL (owned by the national city bank of new york) Barcelona Cebu Kobe Batavia Dairen London Bombay Hankow Madrid Calcutta Harbin Manila Canton Hongkong Osaka Peking Singapore Rangoon Tientsin San Francisco Tokyo Shanghai Yokohama Commercial Banking and Foreign Exchange Current accounts opened, savings and fixed deposits received in pesos and other currencies at favorable rates. Manila Office ------ Pacific Building 5. Williams, Manager IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL