The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Issue Date: Volume 7 (Issue No. 8) August 1927
Publisher: The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States)
Year: 1927
Language: English
Subject: Philippines -- Commerce -- Periodicals.; Philippines -- Economic conditions -- Periodicals.
Rights
Place of publication: Manila
extracted text: Occupation Day Number Cover Pictures Commemo rative of the Days of the Empire LEADING ARTICLES: Let Us Reason Together Growing Sumatra Tobacco at Sarunayan, Cotabato Pre-Naval Conference Pessimism About Homesickness and Home Buying Guadalupe: Great Mission Trail Series Manila Sunsets: Description and Picture Cost of the Philippines With a Gripping True Story of the Provinces by Percy A. Hill: At the End of the Trail “The Bridge of Spain Will Groan with Pain when the 20th Goes to Battle!” The August Journal Contains' the Usual Commercial Reviews by Leading Authorities, Supplemented by Accurate Statistics. 30 for 10 centavos 20 for 8 centavos Manila’s Choicest Cigarettes ROSITAS Social circles everywhere have adopted these ex quisite Philippine cigar ettes. Their full flavor and fragrance are irresistible Preferred by discriminating smokers Make no mistake Here’s Health! By all means, drink a glass a day! is a liquid food of rare value! It has a stimulating effect on the stomach, assisting in the assimilation of other foods. It is rich in vitamins, so necessary to one’s well-being, improving the general health and thus forming a defence against epidemics! SAN MIGUEL BREWERY IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL (OWNED BY THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK) CAPITAL (paid in cash)..........................................U. S. $5,000,000.00 SURPLUS and UNDIVIDED PROFITS - - U. S. $9,000,000.00 Head Office - 60 Wall St. , New York ! BRANCHES I Barcelona Cebu Kobe Peking Singapore Batavia Dairen London Rangoon Tientsin Bombay Hankow Madrid Calcutta Harbin Manila San Francisco Tokyo Canton Hongkong Osaka Shanghai Yokohama i Commercial Banking and Foreign Exchange Current accounts opened, savings and fixed deposits received in pesos and other currencies at favorable rates. Manila Office ------ Pacific Building 5. Williams, Manager IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 •• A todas horas ‘•En cualquier eaniidad CALENTADOR DE AGUA POR MEDIO DEL GAS . _”fSERVlCIOfl A C? ) -EF1CIE.NTE UAO I • S AtVsVaCTOR.O V-ECONOMICO Manila Gas Corporation i Main Office: Calle Otis, Paco Tel. 2-89 “BEAR BRAND” NATURAL STERILIZED MILK Builds Better Babies! Sold everywhere in large and small cans Recommended by Doctors and experienced Nurses all over the world I CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF-A-CORONA EXCELENTES ESPECIALES BELLEZAS PRESIDENTES Etc. Etc. Watch For The Name ALHAMBRA On Rings and Labels It’s Your Protection Alhambra Cigar and Gigarette Mfg. Co. 31 Tayuman Manila, P. I. IM IT A TED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL cXmerican Chamber of Commerce Journal PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (Member, Chamber of Commerce of the United States) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 25, 1921, AT THE POST OFFICE AT MANILA, P. I. LOCAL SUBSCRIPTION—P4.00 PER YEAR. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION—$3.00, U. S. CURRENCY, PER YEAR. SINGLE COPIES—35 CENTAVOS WALTER ROBB, Editor MRS. FLORA OFTEDAHL, Advertising H. L. Heath, Preaident Fred A. Leas, Vice-Preaident J. W. Haussermann, Vice-Preaident BOARD OF DIRECTORS B. A. Green, Treasurer C. M. Cotterman P. A. Meyer E. E. Selph, General Counsel S. F. Gaches Robert E. Murphy H. M. Cavender ALTERNATE DIRECTORS W. L. Applegate George H. Fairchild John L. Headington Walter Z. Smith EXECUTIVE: H. L. Heath, Chairman C. M. Cotterman George H. Fairchild RELIEF: W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING: Fred A. Leas, Chairman John Pickett LEGISLATIVE: C. M. Cotterman, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll William J. Rohde John R. Wilson, Secretary COMMITTEES FINANCE AND AUDIT: 6. A. Green, Chairman C. M. Cotterman Paul A. Meyer FOREIGN TRADE: S. F. Gaches, Chairman R. E. Murphy M. M. Saleeby Paul A. Meyer PUBLICATIONS: H. L. Heath, Chairman Carson Taylor BANKING AND CURRENCY: Stanley Williams, Chairman H. B. Pond RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT George H. Fairchild, Chairman John R. Wilson HOUSE: John L. Headington, Chairman Frank Butler LIBRARY: John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING: H. M. Cavender, Chairman L. L. Spellman CHAMBER INVESTMENTS: C. M. Cotterman, Chairman B. A. Green MANILA P. I. CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1927 VOLUME VII NUMBER 8 Page Let Us Reason Together.............................................................. 5 The “Paddy Tao” and His Rice Crop......................................... 6 Hunting in the Philippines.......................................................... 7 Money Cost of Philippines........................................................... 8 Philippine Trade with the United States: 1899 to 1926............. 9 Bingham Inspects America’s Army Posts in the Islands........ 9 Editorials: Leonard Wood: 1860-1927.................................................... 10 Twenty-nine Years................................................................. 10 Dean Baker Turns in His Thesis................................................ 11 “Old Fogy” Writes “30”.............................................................. 11 “Why Buy a Home? We May Not Be Here Long”............ 12 Naval Conference Pessimism........................................................ 13 Growing Sumatra Tobacco at Sarunayan, Cotabato.................. 14 The End of the Trail: True Story (By Percy A. Hill)........ 16 Manila Sunsets............................................................................... 17 Guadalupe: Mission Trail Series.................................................. 19 Page Getting Along in Agriculture....................................................... 23 Folklore: Ancient Cause of Eternal Feud (By Victoria Estrada) 25 Reviews of July Business: Shipping (By H. M. Cavender)......................................... 26 Hemp (By T. H. Smith)......... .......................................... 28 Tobacco and Cigars (By P. A. Meyer)............................ 29 Copra (By E. A. Seidenspihner)...................................... 29 Real Estate (By P. D. Carman)....................................... 30 Rice (By Percy A. Hill)...................................................... 30 Commodity Movements by Rail (By M. D. Royer)......... 30 Exchange (By Stanley Williams)..................................... 31 Sugar (By George H. Fairchild)........................ 31 Statistical Summary of Overseas Commerce: Ports by Nationality of Carrying Vessels........................ 34 Principal Exports.................................................................. 35 Principal Imports.................................................................. 35 Port Statistics......................................................................... 35 Carrying Trade...................................................................... 35 Foreign Trade by Countries................................................ 35 The American Chamber of Commerce is ready and willing at all times to furnish detailed information to any American Manufacturer, Importer, Exporter or other Americans who are interested in Philippine matters. Address all communications and requests for such information to the Secretary of the Chamber No. 14 Calle Pinpin, Manila, P. I. The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines is a member of the UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, and is the largest and most adequately financed American Chamber of Commerce outside the continental boundaries of the United States. The organization has Twelve Hundred members, all Americans, scattered over the Philippine Archipelago from Tawi-Tawi to the Batanes. The organization of branches in all the American communities of the Asiatic Coast is being stimulated. The AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS should not be confused with other organizations bearing similar names such as the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, the Philippine Chamber of Commerce, the Philippine-American Chamber of Commerce and the Manila Chamber of Commerce. 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 HEPATONE This is the ideal saline laxative for use in the tropics. The taste is agreeable and the effect is such that most of the physicians direct that it be taken regularly Keep a blue bottle T TTTA T"T *n y°ur home; it of 1 1 1 Jlx 1 -L-/ keeps away the blues HEPATONE contains Sodium Phosphate with 3 grains of Phenolphthalein and 2 grains of Lithium Citrate to each ounce Sold by all drug stores INSULAR DRUG CO., Inc. DISTRIBUTORS Use of Electricity Means Economy Any industrial worker who moves things by hand is doing work that Electricity can do for a few centavos an hour. More than 60 per cent of the mechanical power used by American industry is applied through electric motors. But the electrification of the tasks performed by man power has hardly begun. Electric power not only saves pesos; it conserves human energy for better purposes and raises standards of living. We could all use more electricity to advantage—-in our factories and bodegas, in our stores, and in our homes. Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) 134 San Marcelino Tel. 2-19-11 LIGHT TRANSPORTATION POWER JUST OUT New Entirely Revised Edition of Rosenstock’s Manila City Directory Now in its twenty-fifth year Contains alphabetical and classified lists of business firms, a directory of residents, a directory of United States, Insular, provincial, and munici pal officials, a directory of religious institutions, masonic bodies, public and private schools, clubs, etc., and other valuable information pertaining to the Philippines. Rosenstock's Manila City Directory is an office necessity Proprietors and Publishers Philippine Education Co., Inc. 101-103 Escolta Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL CHAMBERoZCOMMERCf AUGUST, 1927 Vol. VII, No. 8 LET US REASON TOGETHER The United States acquired the Philippines 29 years ago and the political status of the islands in relation to the United States, while clearly defined in the Treaty of Paris between the United States and Spain, has since been con fused by political obfuscations, legal enact ments, gratuitous statements indulged in by officials palpably in behalf of their parties at home, and by the series of decisions in the socalled “Insular Cases” which make the Consti tution of the United States apply to the Phil ippines not per se, as it should, but only as the judgment of the Supreme Court of the United States deems it ought to apply; so that it does not even yet apply in its entirety, and under the sovereignty of the people of the United States, and under their flag, even Americans in this territory, to say nothing of the millions of civil ized native inhabitants and the foreigners for whose rights the United States is responsible by treaty obligation, are here deprived of obvious constitutional rights. The situation is satisfactory to none; there is a public administration in the Philippines, but it may be termed a government chiefly by courtesy. It is whimsical, divided in its counsels, and highly dictatorial. It is notoriously centralized and paternal. Why is it whimsical? Because it lacks a foundation, the only one possible being the Constitution. Why is it divided in counsel? Because, as it is constituted, practically it is inevitable that the executive should pull one way while tfie legislature pulls the other; and the courts, for want of the plain guidance of the Con stitution, intervene from time to time, when called upon to do so, merely to rule—certainly hardly to decide—as to which authority is right in particular instances. Yes, this provision of the Constitution is applicable. No, that pro vision of the Constitution will not apply. And why will it not apply? Behold! By the mere fiat of the court! Upon its organization seven years ago, the American chamber of commerce undertook the job of clearing up the status of the Philippines, which, left in the nebulous uncertain state that all politicians like to see all public questions enmeshed in, was clearly detrimental to Phil ippine progress. The chamber resolved in favor of the territorial status, and the Constitution was anticipated in this resolution. From that ground it began to fight the long battle. In time it advised committee chairman in both houses of Congress, the islands being under discussion, that Congress had no authority, under the Con stitution, to withdraw from the Philippines the sovereignty of the people of the United States. There was a little publicity, but the idea was a novel one, so the unthinking forthwith rejected it. However, the seed was sown and the harvest was assured. Now, in the August Review of Reviews, a symposium of congressional opinion is published, and Senator Copeland, Democrat of New York, among others, comes out with a frank acknowledgment that the power is really lacking in Congress. In Manila Senator Bingham, Republican of Connecticut, takes the same THE RESOLUTION WHEREAS: The leaders of the Phil ippine people in Legislatureassembled maintain that Congress has pledged the American people to the with drawal of Sovereignty, and WHEREAS: The late Justice Day, of the United States Supreme Court, Chairman of the Paris Treaty com mission in a speech before the Michi gan Bar Association, May 23rd, 1900, stated that "If Territory be ceded by Treaty the acquisition is confirmed, ceded territory becomes part of the nation to which it is annexed,” and since Congress is without power under the Constitution to alienate Sover eignty without a mandate from the people, in whom Sovereignty is vested, and WHEREAS: Other equally eminent constitutional authorities are of the same opinion as to the power of Con gress to alienate Sovereignty without a mandate from the States, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, by the American Chamber of Commerce that Congress request the Legislatures of the States of the Union for a man date as to whether or not Sovereignty should be withdrawn from the Phil ippines in accordance with the alleged promise in the Preamble to the Jones Bill, and that this Resolution be sub mitted to the Chairman of the Pan Pacific Conference, Honolulu, as the Chamber’s solution of the Philippine Problem. attitude. Congress is commencing to be less cocksure of its erstwhile unquestioned position, that of course it might lop off a great territory at will; many individual members now feel that it has no such power; and, therefore, more than all other forces together, the chamber of com merce has contributed to the political stabiliza tion of the Philippines under the Stars and Stripes. On July 19, square with its policy of wel coming the freest discussion, the chamber of commerce, through action of its directors assem bled in regular weekly meeting, adopted the resolution which appears on this page and sent it by cable to Washington and the Pan-Pacific Conference meeting in Honolulu. The press correspondents supplemented this distribution, so that the resolution was published throughout the United States on the same day it was drafted and approved in Manila. The discussion is well launched where it ought to be, in the United States. Decision involves retention or the free relinquishment of 63 million acres of undeveloped United States public domain. But though there is much opinion, now, sup porting the chamber of commerce, many lawyers here and in the United States hold otherwise and say that the power to withdraw sovereignty over the Philippines may be legally exercised by Congress, the chamber of commerce holding, on the contrary, that to do this Congress must have a mandate from the people—that the power must be granted in a constitutional amendment. Let us reason about this for a moment. Even granting, for argument’s sake, that those who disagree with the chamber of commerce are technically right, what would happen, in point of fact, if Congress essayed to exercise its alleged power? And, if it does have the power, would it ever dare, in the light of its previous experience, to exercise it? These questions may be answered by reference to what did happen when the Senate of the United States approved the Clarke amend ment to the Jones Law (the islands’ present organic act, dating from 1916), which would have withdrawn American sovereignty over the Philippines in 1923. William E. Borah was among the senators who voted for the Clarke amendment, and he was so astonished at the nation-wide rebuke the Senate received that he changed his position altogether and voted, two years later, against the Jones Law itself, even minus the amendment. The House of Representatives escaped the obloquy heaped upon the Senate, because it rejected the Clarke amendment. “I made it my business,” said Borah, “to IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 gather as accurately as I could the view of the leading newspapers of the United States with reference to our future policy concerning the Philippines; and regardless of party or party affiliations upon the part of the press, it was almost wholly in favor of keeping the Phil ippine Islands permanently. What I rise to do now is to impress upon the Filipino people the lesson which I gathered, and that they should adjust themselves to the fact that they are a part of the United States and are to remain so permanently. * * * I only wanted to sug gest to these people in the Philippines that they take off their bonnets and take out their knitting and sit down and be content. They are not on a visit. They are here to stay. I wanted to suggest to them contentment and ease; I wanted to ask them to address themselves henceforth, not to the subject of independence, but to the matter of fitting themselves to become an in tegral part of a great republic.” Now Borah, whether men always like him or not, is an authority on the Constitution; and whether he found Congress estopped specific ally by that instrument or not, he did find it estopped by the very spirit of the document and the principle by which it was conceived. He found Congress estopped by overwhelming public opinion, and every man who follows The “Paddy Tao” and His Rice Crop In spite of increased importations of flour, rice will always be the principal food of Filipinos, as it is of all orientals. In the Philippines, about 5-1/2 million people are directly depend ent upon rice production for their living; the average area cultivated per capita is a third of a hectare, about 0.83 acres. Rice matures late in the calendar year and harvesting laps over into the succeeding year. The 1926-1927 crop was exceptionally good, the largest ever produced in the islands, estimates being 54,500,000 cavans of 96 pounds, or 1,700,000 tons of clean rice from 1,800,000 hectares, or 4,446,000 acres. The value of the crop is placed at Pl88,000,000, the highest of any Philippine farm crop. However, the cash yield per capita is still very low, about P34 or $17. We have figures on the average yield per hectare from 1920 to 1925, which was 24.51 cavans; though in the central plain of Luzon the yield is much higher and approaches that of Indoasia. The yield in Nueva Ecija rarely falls below an average of 40 cavans per hectare. Conversion of these figures into bushels and acres will give the reader in the United States an accurate idea of rice production in the Philippines. Merchandizing rice in the Philippines is prac tically controlled by Chinese. They control importing, storing and milling, and retailing too to a great extent—as they do widely through out the orient, being able to organize effectively in order to do so. Their average gains in the rice trade vary from 12 to 14 per cent, which is not an exorbitant profit, 12 per cent being the legal rate of interest. In the great rice valley of Luzon, good rice lands sell around 1’600 to 1’800 the hectare, but Pl,000 has been asked and paid this year. (The peso is fifty.cents, four bits, half a dollar.) Being a domesticated water-grass, rice does best in fields where water is abundant either from the rains or from artificial irrigation. It is a crop that lends itself to intensive cultivation. Density of oriental populations is in direct ratio to the rice supply. Japan reports this year yields averaging 52 cavans per hectare. Philippine yields are still too low; excepting irrigation pro jects the cost of which is repayable over a long period by annual installments covering principal, interest and maintenance, the industry has received little aid from the government to whose support it so largely contributes. The agencies that ought to help are not unwilling, they are unable to grasp the problems of .the producer; hence he works out his salvation quite generally independent of them. The report of Colonel Carmi Aiderman Thompson to President Coolidge last year, recommended establishment of United him will have the same experience. The thing cannot be done in a corner, and therefore it cannot be done at all; for as soon as men step out into the open to do it, as they must, the instantly aroused public opinion of the nation will intervene to prevent them. Above the law, whatever men may argue that it is, is the will of the sovereign people of the United States. In this seventh anniversary number of the Journal it is therefore desired to say that the duty confronting all public men in the Phil ippines and all members of Congress, together with the President, is that of ascertaining the best way of fitting the islands into their niche as “an integral part of the United States.” For that is what they are by decree of public opinion, the highest force in the land. If it was sufficient in 1914 to abash the Senate, and it was, it is no less able now to enforce its unquestioned will. There is in this whole question both the law and the facts. The lawyers may bandy back and forth their various interpretations of the law, but the facts are beyond them. The facts are in the hands of a jury of nearly 120 million people, and this jury has already cast its ballots. The question is settled, and what is seen now, as in the symposium of congressional opinion in the Review of Reviews, is the political parties adjusting their respective positions to the people’s decision—already made and recorded. Carrying Rice States agricultural stations in the Philippines. The situation respecting the rice industry here may have been one of the reasons. Importing rice to supplement the limited domestic supply has been the rule for the past quarter of a century, and has the effect of stab ilizing the price to a great extent. A protective tariff of 1’3 per 100 kilos of clean rice provides revenue for the government; and under other circumstances the industry would not be profit able. The Indoasian rice, produced by the coolie system under optimum climatic and soil con ditions, would come into free competition with rice grown by Filipinos with their higher stand ard of living, which they naturally desire to maintain and elevate. In the rice industry, credits are granted on a limited scale by the Chinese who control the commercial end of it. Freight rates into Manila are still’high; the spread of prices interprovincially is a problem still requiring solution. Generally speaking, earnings on invested capital do not exceed the legal rate of interest on money. Rice is grown by the millions for their daily necessities. Climatic limitations and the law of diminishing returns and the re current low-price periods tend to reduce the level of profits. More than 40 provinces in the islands, out of a total of 49, produce rice; but four of them grow nearly half of the annual crop. Sprouted in seedbeds and transplanted by hand, as rice is, the industry flourishes best in regions of congested population. The land lord usually pays the cost of transplanting and the tenant that of harvesting, the cost of plant ing ranging from 1 * 9 to 1 * 14 the hectare. With the exception of the separator, the small ricehuller and the motor truck, there has been no modern machinery introduced profitably to take the place of hand labor. Separator owners charge from 7% to 8% of the crop for thrashing it out. Trucking charges average 7/8 centavo per 100 pounds per kilometer. Independable rainfall calls for irrigation, which is merely a farm of crop insurance against the greatest enemy of rice—drought. Less ,than 1/8 of Philippine rice lands are provided with permanent irrigation systems, hence the low average yields. Growing rice is commonly believed to be a primitive type of farming. As a matter of fact, it is quite complicated. Over wide areas in the Philippines the double-crop system is unprofit able on account of the climate; on account of this factor, projects to produce rice on a large scale by growing two crops a year on the same land will fail. The main agricultural motive power in the Philippines is, and will be, the carabao—suited to work in partly submerged fields and adapt able to the intensive methods of cultivation followed in the orient. The milling value of rice varies greatly. In Burma, the leading rice exporting country, a run of 70% of the rough rice, palay, is milled into clean rice; in Indochina and Siam, from 68% to 69%. In the Philippines, only from 63% to 65%. This is due to adoption of selected varie ties in Burma and Indochina and Siam. With some 1,200 different varieties of rice in the Phil ippines, a high milling-loss results, calculated to be 1’4,000,000 the year. This has a material influence upon net yields. But our domestic rice is the most wholesome. The imported rices are subjected to high milling, which removes the gluten and cuticle containing the most nutritious parts of the grain. Relied upon as a regular diet, such rice tends to provoke beriberi; it is wanting in essential vitamins. In 100 pounds of highly milled rice, there is 0.4 pounds of fats. In 100 pounds of rice polish, there is 7.2 pounds of fats. Much of the flavor is in the fats, the imported polished rices are obviously deficient in savor. Extension of irrigation, attention to seed selection and adoption of superior milling varie ties, and fertilization of fields impoverished by constant cropping without returning the elements to the soil, are the means by which our rice crop can be augmented. It is necessary to reach a basis of production that will give the owners more return from the crops than the ordinary rate of legal interest. —Percy A. Hill. August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 Hunting in the Philippine Islands Where to Go and Why Not By J. L. Myers The editor wants 1304 words to fill the space on this sheet. Did he want me to write this for the old timers who read the JOURNAL? Did he suppose I should presume to use 1304 words to tell, say, Floyd and Waterous and Ernie Thompson, who all take five times as many snipe as I do, where to go to get more? No; I could write it for visitors. Just a butt left. The first of next month the closed season on snipe opens and we will all head for our old favorite grounds—and find a half a dozen guns there ahead of us. Fifteen years ago snipe shoot ing was good in Santa Ana, Harrison Park and the Wack Wack Golf Course. Ten years ago it was good in Quingua, Muntinlupa and Pasig. Five years ago it was good in Santo Tomas and Calauan but shoot ing to the east was finished. The last few seasons have seen most of the shooting done along the southeast shore of Laguna de Bay from Bay to Fame, on the flats at the foot of Mount Banahao and also along the other side of Bana hao in Candelaria, Tiaong and Sariaya. To the north Mexico and Guagua were favored. Take the map and figure for yourself where there will be good snipe grounds during the next five years. To those who are content with a reasonable bag, that is, who do not care to make a point of bringing in the largest possible string of birds, there will be spots near Manila for many years where a mess of snipe can be taken. They are simply the old grounds men tioned first but now ignored by the high powered sports. It is not difficult to find the feeding grounds. Just doll up in hunting togs of any kind whatsoever, and travel slowly along the main roads where you have heard that some one has had luck and the small boys will flag your car with promises of “Many snipes. Sir!” Usually two boys follow each gun; one to carry shells and canteen and the other to pick up birds. The picture showing the group of mighty hunters each with half a hundred snipe or more was taken years ago, maybe ten, and I hope our critics will realize that in those days there were so many snipe that there was no possible * danger of scarcity; and anyway, they don’t breed here. In the way of fishing we have all the varieties of tropical sea fish that are found illustrated in the dictionary. The sea fish seem to be un confined by natural barriers except temperature. Manila bay, especially in the passes around Corregidor, supplies fish for fleets of fishing boats both Japanese and Philippine. These fish for market are taken with nets which leaves very few for the hook and line fisherman. There are many other very good localities further away. Ragay gulf and Mompog pass are good. Possibly the best of all is Malampaya sound in Palawan. In the far south Flecha point, where the picture was taken, is very good, and the many reefs of the Tawitawi group fur nish most of the dried fish for Manila. It is unfortunate that most of these grounds are so far from the cities that fairly large boats are needed to get there and these large boats are, of course, unsuitable for trolling over coral reefs where the fish are caught. It is a rich man’s game, but a good one. Hunting, on the other hand, is not expensive. All the more remote mountainous regions fur nish sport with the rifle. The deer season is open from December to April and there is no closed season on pigs. The best territory on Luzon is now up the Cagayan valley. The rest house in Balite pass is headquarters for many hunting parties. Dogs are necessary, but each barrio in the vicinity can supply a few and the steward of the rest house will cheerfully accommodate his guests. Further up the valley, in Isabela, Cagayan and the Mountain province, there are plenty of wild carabao. The wild carabao are the same as domestic carabao but very alert and wary and difficult to stalk. They usually keep to low swampy flats with plenty of brushy cover and coarse grass. Patches of high talahib are favored, and continual use will form tunnels through the grass as devious and intricate as a labyrinth. The carabao make for these hiding places when disturbed or wounded and extreme care should be used in following them there. The carabao when cornered frequently turns the tables, the hunter becoming the hunted and the place the carabao selects to make his stand leaves all the advantage with him. A Spring field or Krag rifle with heavy, full patched bullets is the smallest rifle that should be used on carabao, and it is seldom that they can be stopped with less than a magazine full of cartridges. Deer are much easier to hunt. Usually each barrio in the foothills has its group of hunters who hunt with dogs and nets. The nets are cumbersome, many deer, especially the wise old bucks, escape, and the hunters welcome the addition of a good rifle to the party. If you are a fairly good shot and can take advantage of the shots presented the hunters will usually be contented with a fifty-fifty split of the game and invite you to come back. The north side of Laguna de Bay, the hills east of Sibul springs, are very accessible, but the best shooting is up the north road in the carabao country. Pigs are hunted in the same way as deer and are more numerous because they are seldom taken with artificial lights. A fine tusker is counted as a great prize by any sportsman. Mindoro furnishes another game animal, the tamarao, only inhabiting that island, though there is said to be a similar smaller animal on an island near Sumatra. The tamarao seems to be much like the carabao but about one-third as large with horns pointing more directly to the rear. He ranges over all kinds of country from the river beds to the tops of the highest hills (Concluded on page 28) 8 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 Money Cost of Philippines to United States Frederick Chamberlain in “The Philippine Problem’’—1913 In any comprehensive study of our future policy toward the Philippines, we can hardly avoid computing what they are costing us. Concerning this, most widely differing state ments have been made, apparently, however, not because of any real difficulty in reaching substantial accord, but for the reason that the various computers ’ have had an interest in making the figures large or small to support certain preconceived positions. The injection of the Philippine problem into politics has been mainly responsible for this situation, and as an illustration we may take a recent Congressional report which estimates that it is costing us annually twenty-six million dollars to maintain our armed forces in the Islands. This enormous total is easily reached by multiplying the mean number of soldiers out there by fifteen hundred dollars, upon the basis that “It is estimated that it costs the government fifteen hundred dollars annually to maintain each soldier in the foreign service.” The surprising thing about such an assertion is that the total is made so small. A much larger amount could just as well have been predicated upon that phrase “It is estimated.” The facts are substantially as follows: For the last ten years, we have averaged 5097 men in the Philippine Scouts, whose 4971 enlisted men are all Filipinos, paid $7.50 per month, just half of what our American troops receive. In a special report to the President, dated January 23, 1908, Secretary of War Taft stated that the Department reckoned five hundred dollars as the cost in toto to the United States for each man in the Scouts. The pay roll of this or ganization for 1911 was $1,019,562. The report of the commissary-general of the army puts the cost of the Philippine daily ration at $.2456. This means half a million dollars for the Scouts’ rations for the year 1911. There are also the various allowances for clothing, marksmanship, travel, certificates of merit, etc., which, estimated at two hundred dollars per man of the total force of 5097, adds a round million to the pre vious million and a half dollars, giving us two and a half million dollars as the cost of the Scouts to the United States for the year. Mr. Taft reckoned at the rate of $250 per man, a total of $2,548,500, substantially the same figure. Turning to the cost of our regulars, officers and men, 13,501 of whom we have kept out there upon the average for the past ten years, Mr. Taft says in the same report that the expense of their transportation and maintenance, over what these items would be had the troops re mained in America, he estimates as $250 per man, which amounts to but $3,375,250 per annum. This figure appears to be too small, as the following details will demonstrate. The appropriation by Congress in 1911 for extra pay for officers and men of the army be cause in foreign service was $1,196,000. Two thirds of the force thus engaged was in the Philippines. We may therefore roughly con sider that these last used a similar proportion of the appropriation, or eight hundred thousand dollars. The average coet for these ten years for the army transport service between the various Philippine Islands was eight hundred and eightynine thousand dollars per annum. To this should be added the cost of troop transportation across the Pacific and back; and if the Philip pines be charged with $2,198,000, which is two thirds of the average annual cost for the ten years in question, of all our ocean transports, it is a maximum estimate. The cost of cabling to and from the army in the Islands has averaged forty-four thousand dollars per annum for the decade. It costs two cents per diem more for the Philippine ration than for the ration in the United States, or $92,994 a year for the 12,739 enlisted men we have averaged yearly since 1902. We have averaged, for the same period, to spend one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars each year for coast and geodetic survey work in the Archipelago. To this should be added, as an outside figure, an annual depre ciation of ten per cent of the original cost of the fortifications and accessories thereto, and of the barracks and quarters erected in the Islands prior to August 20, 1912, their combined figures, according to the War Department, amounting to $15,327,753. The fortifications cost $4,494,305, and the barracks and quarters, $10,833,448. The figure for depreciation and up keep is $1,532,775. If all these items are added they total $5,731,769. Allowances to the extent of some three hundred and twenty eight GENERAL SLADEN AND STAFF Sitting from Left to Right:—Colonel Fred T. Austin, Major G. H. Paine, Major H. G. Fitz, Colonel Guy V. Henry, Major General Fred W. Sladen'(present Commanding General, Philippine Department), Major J. K. Bales, Major E. N. Hardy, Lt. Col. W. L. Patterson, Lt. Col. H. C. Smith. Standing from Left to Right:—Major Wm. B. Duty, Lt. Col. Frank J. Griffin, Colonel E. E. Dean, Colonel E. A. Hickman, Lt. Col. H. C. Jewett, Lt. Col. G. L. Wall, Major A. Gibson. thousand dollars for officers’ quarters (computed at thirty-six dollars per month, for three rooms, for each of the 761 officers) and forty thousand dollars, to the same number, for fuel and light, should be added. The total is now increased to $6,099,769, and adding the two and a half million dollars that the Scouts cost us, as ad mitted by Mr. Taft, whose interest it is to make the figure as low as possible, we have the annual average cost of the Philippines to us for the past ten years as $8,599,769. If we allow fifteen per cent- approximately a quarter of a million dollars for extras and good measure, the gross is ten million dollars. This is certainly an outside estimate. There are other figures that should be re membered. For example, we spent one hundred and sixty-nine million dollars upon our forces in the Islands from June 30, 1898, to July 1, 1902. * Then we voted three million dollars to the natives, when their carabaos were killed by the rinderpest in 1902-1903. Congress also donated three hundred and fifty-one thousand dollars to aid the Insular Government in completing its census. If to these figures we add a hundred million dollars for the total running expenses, as just computed above, for the last ten years, and $15,327,753 as the cost of the fortifications, barracks, and quarters, the total cost of the Islands to us up to June 30, 1912, is two hundred and eighty-seven million dollars. * Congressional Record, February 25, 1908; speech of J. L. Slayden, pp. 2532, el seg. If anybody thinks that if we did not have the Islands we should reduce our army by discharg ing therefrom the regulars we keep in the Phil ippines, he may increase the ten million dollars and the two hundred and eighty-seven million dollars by the proper figure. But it is rather idle to assume anything of that character. Whether the army would or would not be reduced is entirely in the keeping of Congress alone. The weight of the evidence is that the American people will not now favor any reduction of our army. Certainly, irrespective of the Phil ippines, our foreign affairs are growing more and more delicate, especially to the south of us and in China. The Spanish War taught us the foolhardiness of too small a regular force, and the lessons of that conflict are not yet dim. As for the additional naval expense which may be thought to have been undertaken by reason of the possession of the Islands, that is negligible, for it is evident that we keep no greater naval force in the Far East than we should anyhow. For many years we have maintained the Pacific Fleet, and everybody now realizes that it must probably be increased to the size of that in the Atlantic, for it will be but a short time, as the history of nations com putes time, when our western coast will be as important from a national point of view as is the eastern seabord today. There are, too, important credits that we must give to this account. Upon at least two occasions we have put men very promptly into China because we had them in Manila. Each was a most critical period. It may entertain some people to try to put into figures just how many dollars we saved by having regiments on the China coast within fifty hours of these par ticular outbreaks instead of after thirty days, the usual time consumed in transporting troops across the Pacific, assuming that we have them at the port of departure. Inability upon our part to have done our full share in the two in stances teferred to might very easily have swung the balance of power in the Far East farther away from us and toward the nations whose troops were on the ground. We have maintained the “Open Door” in China because we have had, upon every occasion when it seemed about to be closed, first, as much of a force there as anybody else, and, second, our occupation of the Philippines gave us substantial reason for asserting a commanding attitude in anything affecting that region. If one try to estimate what this dominating position be worth in money to America, he will soon find himself figuring in the hundreds of millions. Then there is the money value of knowing how to handle troops in the tropical zone, and of having an efficient transport service, instead of having to make one, as had to be done in 1898. At that time we wasted large sums because we lacked this knowledge; we killed hundreds of men by disease. August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 Disallowing these offsets, at the very most the Islands have cost us ten million dollars per annum for the last decade; but for that sum, our achievements in these distant lands have cost the United States nothing. They have all been liquidated from funds of the Insular Government. Philippine Trade with the United States by Years Imports Per cent imports Exports Per cent of total exports Total Trade o/total trade 1899................. .............. P 2,706,172 7 P 7,870,510 26 P 10,576,682 16 1900................. .............. 4,306,396 9 5,921,702 13 10,228,098 11 1901................. .............. 7,068,510 12 9,092,584 18 16,161,094 15 1902................. .............. 8,306,348 12 22,951,896 40 31,258,244 25 1903................. .............. 7,674,200 11 26,142,852 40 33,817,052 25 1904.................. .............. 10,197,640 17 23,309,936 40 33,507,576 28 1905................. .............. 11,179,892 19 29,680,814 44 40,860,706 32 1906................. .............. 8,955,772 17 23,738,578 36 32,694,350 27 1907................. .............. 10,135,076 17 20,658,774 31 30,793,850 24 1908................. .............. 10,203,672 17 20,901,510 32 31,105,182 25 1909................. .............. 12,890,662 21 29,453,026 42 42,343,688 32 1910................. .............. 40,137,084 40 34,483,450 42 74,620,534 41 1911................. .............. 38,313,974 40 39,845,254 44 78,159,228 42 1912................. .............. 48,618,020 39 45,764,014 41 94,382,034 40 1913................. .............. 53,352,522 50 32,868,036 34 86,220,558 42 1914................. .............. 48,022,802 49 48,855,420 50 96,878,222 50 1915................. .............. 52,762,138 53 47,306,422 44 100,068,560 48 1916................. .............. 45,725,346 50 71,296,265 51 117,021,611 51 1917................. .............. 75,241,295 57 126,468,717 66 201,710,012 62 1918................. .............. 117,649,222 60 178,293,837 66 295,943,059 264,288,213 63 1919................. .............. 150,982,829 64 113,305,384 50 57 1920................. .............. 184,579,556 62 210,432,525 70 395,012,081 66 1921................. .............. 148,260,030 64 100,713,586 57 248,973,616 61 1922................. .............. 95,476,651 60 128,223,201 67 223,699,852 63 1923................. .............. 100,705,070 57 170,094,046 70 270,799,116 65 1924................. .............. 120,797,206 56 194,627,805 72 315,425,011 65 1925................. .............. 138,595,166 58 218,089,883 73 356,685,049 66 1926................. .............. 143,151,236 60 200,006,430 73 343,151,666 67 Bingham Inspects America’s Army Posts In Islands REVIGATOR The best HEALTH INSUR ANCE that you can possibly have for your entire family is the Radium Ore Revigator. It creates radio-activity, Health Spring Strength, in your drinking water. No upkeep ex pense. There are now thousands of satisfied users in the Philippines. The Radium Ore Revigator Agency P. O. Box 377 Telephone 2-56-22 313 Pacific Building Senator Hiram Bingham (in whites) beside General Sladen at Fort Wm. McKinley, and General Johnson Hagood, commanding the Philippine Division, at General Sladen’s left. Senator Hiram Bingham paid a visit of three weeks to the Philippines and managed to see something of seven islands and 17 provinces, utilizing his complete command of Spanish and talking to men in private and public life without the intervention of interpreters. He inspected all the military posts, was surprised and dis-pleased to see two flags flying in front of all school houses, and doubted that loyalty to America was being inculcated in the mind of youth, while stating that he believed being for independence was disloyalty. Aside from this slant, his more cogent opinion was that though the government was in pretty deep on the sugarcentral loans, the properties are good and are under business management, so that there is a good prospect of their being able to pay out without loss to the government. He therefore was not in favor of selling them at a loss. He paid General Wood a number of high tributes while he was in the islands, and said that if Wood’s campaign had not been managed “not wisely but too well” in 1920 he would have been President of the United States. He declared that Wood’s stand for preparedness for the World War saved the lives of thousands of Amer ican soldiers in Europe, and that the country, still idolizing him, resented even yet his not being sent to Europe in command of a division. He plainly indicated that he would favor amend ments to the organic act of the Philippines to obviate the possibility of a stalemate in public administration here through disagreement be tween the chief executive and the legislature. POPULAR MEETING PLACE Many meetings are now regularly held at the chamber of commerce, which in its new quarters has a large airy hall, a well equipped kitchen and facilities for catering to downtown meetings. On August 5 Theobald Diehl gave a supper for members of his lodge; on August 12 comes the annual banquet of Stotsenburg Camp, where about 200 always gather; on August 13 the Veterans hold a reunion in commemoration of Occupation Day. The convention of the Amer ican Legion was held August 6. INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu. 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 EDITORIAL OFFICES American Chamber of Commerce P. O. Box 1638 Telephone 1156 GENERAL LEONARD WOOD: 1860 1927 As the forms were being closed for this issue of the Journal, word flashed over the Pacific by cable that Major Gener al Leonard Wood, Governor General of the Philippine Islands, had died in Peter Brent Brigham Hospital, Boston, after an operation for skull bone tumor which first appeared in 1906, was then operated by Dr. Cushing, and had recurred, having been orig inally induced by the injury Gen eral Wood receiv ed in his office in Havana, Cuba, in 1902, when, standing to greet a visitor, his head struck a heavy brass knob of a chandelier. News of his death spread over Ma nila like a pall. Newspapers hur ried extra editions off the press, in English, Spanish and Tagalog. Soon the little brown urchins, running barefoot through the drizzling tropical rain, were crying “Extra! Extra!” And all the headlines said “Wood Is Dead! General Wood Is Dead!” Thus the islands plunged into mourning. It was significant of how veneration and respect for this great soldier-statesman held en thralled men of his own and the native race in the Philippines, to see the papers getting out their extras. From the editors down, they went about their work half-dazed, notorious as they are for stoicism in all things. Nothing could be found, by impotently groping hands ill guided by the intellect. Files were rifled in vain for cuts, mats and biographies—until the combined muddling of all somehow got things moderately right. Calls went out over the telephone, but the reporters could scarcely frame their questions; and when they got the dope they could hardly make the necessary notes. Such, we think, vividly mirrors the feeling in these islands. It is a feeling of men lost in their way; a feeling as of a ship at sea in a baleful storm, its captain and master mariner stricken dead, his sure hand limp at the helm and the rudder powerless against the menacing waves. It is not, however, a feeling that would overwhelm General Wood himself, whose death evokes it. “The man of firm and noble soul No factious clamors can control.” General Wood, under such circumstances—and we have all observed him harried by the most poignant pain—would go ahead with the day’s work, as we too must go ahead. It was a part of his greatness, if not the larger part, to put self aside and the public welfare, the immediate obliga tion to mankind, to the fore. As a community we are too moved, too borne along on the strong wings of grief, to see the object of it in his true place in history; time will make the assignment, and all we know is that it will be a most eminent one. The duties, meantime, of the living press upon us all. They are the duties of carrying on. Yet we may briefly capitulate. About a year ago, General Wood being in the southern islands and unable to address the constabulary grad uating class in Baguio, the duty fell to Governor Early, who, in his eulogy of Wood, dwelt on the triumph over yellow fever in southern America and the western tropics, made possible by Wood’s courage alone. It was necessary to innoculate men with the disease, and against a tirade of press abuse Wood called for volunteers from his soldiers. One death was the sacrifice, and the job for humanity was done. In the Philippines, Wood tackled the scourge of leprosy, that feedeth upon the blood, the Bible tells us. And did he spare himself? First of all he marshalled public opinion and resources here and abroad, he made of abandoned Culion a haven of comfort and hope for the suffering, and he visited them as often as he could, to cheer them under the rigors of the cure. When he saw them, he took them by the hand and made them feel, as much as his inspiring presence could, that they were men among men. Inexorably too, as in the yellow fever instance, he asked them for their children, born clean, to betaken away from Culion and kept from contamination. His bounden humanity, then, governed by scientific judgment, sets him apart as a world benefactor. Now let us narrow the viewpoint, in a sense; let us speak of the Phil ippines generally. General Wood compelled every one, here and in Amer ica and throughout the world, to look upon the Philippine problem as but one phase of the general problem America confronts in the Far East. We have all seen the turn of press discussion; we all remember what Edward Price Bell got him to say in his interview for Bell’s book, World Chancel leries. And only now we have all been reading thoughtful discussions of the Philippines in this light by capable young Filipinos themselves. This momentary reflection brings us to the question of General Wood’s suc cessor, the policy that is to follow upon his. Whoever the man may be, that policy cannot be materially modified without imposing perils upon the nation that General Wood’s career as Governor General served effect ively to put aside. With this comment, woefully stilted and inadequate, we perforce leave him in the patient hands of time and the gracious memory of man kind, for whom he made himself a gallant sacrifice. TWENTY-NINE YEARS On May 1, 1898, Dewey closed successfully with the Spanish royal fleet in Manila, and on August 13 of that year the American land forces, supported by the fleet, occupied Manila. It was the day after the protocol of peace was signed, and the advent of the third American community established in the Philippines, the first with their flag and their own sover eignty. In honor of Occupation Day and Month the Journal struts some two-color stuff in this issue, pictures of a sunset over Manila bay and the ruins of Guadalupe. We are still under the war department; no other territory was ever there so long; but we can celebrate anyway. Better days are surely ahead, and times are good right now, taking one thing with another. We have a beautiful archipelago; resourceful too, with a grateful soil and climate. We say the third American community. The first was very early, for Father Zuniga speaks of Bostoneses here in 1805, as if they were a good many and quite influential in the commercial field. This community was wiped out, like the other foreign communities, by the Binondo mobs of 1820. Dr. T. H. Pardo de Tavera says in his history of the Philippines contributed to the Philippine Census of 1903 that no foreigner escaped. This is not quite exact, because Paul de la Gironi&re, a French ship’s doctor, did escape and lived to write Twenty Years in the Philippine Islands and develop a first rate coffee plantation at Jala-Jala on Laguna de Bay. His ship had brought the cholera from Indochina; it was the people’s first experience with Asiatic cholera, unknown in the islands up to that time, and the fatal rumor was spread among the ignorant that the foreigners had poisoned the wells. During two days, murderous fanaticism was un controlled. (There are still places in the islands where such rumors are readily believed, but they are fewer with every passing year.) More Americans took the places of the mob victims. They established the second community that flourished through two generations but at last died away before the competition of the British, who had banks and ships behind them while the Americans belonged to a nation that was busy build ing up its west and neglectful, for the period, of its interests beyond the seas. The men of this second community were all Yankees, like the first, sea-traders and hard-bitten; but they grew old and died, while their sons, educated in the homeland, remained there to make their careers. One family alone remained, the Russells; and J. J. Russell, an active member of the chamber of commerce, is a direct descendant of the founder of Russell and Sturgis, for many years sharing honors in Manila only with another American firm, Peele, Hubbell and Company, as the leading commercial house in the islands. The third time’s the charm. This third American community of ours will no doubt perpetuate itself. Yet the Journal believes that more attention, speaking generally, might be given to the matter of bringing younger men up in the established houses and.making their interest a personal one. Americans are certainly capable of going ahead, but some times they lunge forward somewhat blindly. August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 Dean Baker Turns in His Thesis: Professor Cook, “Old Fogy”, Writes “30” Charles Fuller Baker, for many years the dean of the college of agriculture, University of the Philippines, and one of the principal founders of the college as an associate of Dr. Copeland, died at St. Luke’s in Manila Friday, July 22, after prolonged suffering from dysen tery. It was early, about 2 a. m., that death knocked, like the messenger of omnipotence that he is; and it was an hour at which Dean Baker had often closed a bit of scientific work that had busied him during the silent watches when he could work the better because others either revelled or slumbered. His thesis, there fore, was done, Thirty Years in Tropical Agricultural Science in Behalf of Mankind and the Extension of Civilization. When death whisked away with it to the faculty that bestows time’s sheepskins and scholarship honors, Deem Baker lay down to rest. He never had much of a body, just some skin, and a bone rack over which hung some very sensitive and very lean muscles, and aside from this a pair of gentle, humorous and jaunty blue eyes, straight-gazing and wonderfully penetrating. His nerves, of a restive impetuous energy, and his brilliant mind had forced this makeshift for physical adequacy to undertake too much— since there was really so much to do. Recently, it is true, he had asked and had been granted sabbatical leave, and he even resigned and was preparing to leave the Philippines and take a research post at Honolulu. But the prospect of leisure came too late, and what could he have done with leisure?—only more intensive work. Dean Baker’s was a personal sacrifice to the welfare of the Philippines, but his sympathies were as broad as the universe which was his unremitting study. Aside from the college with its elevated standards and reliable faculty, and aside from his writings, he left priceless ento mological and botanical collections. He lived frugally, that he might aid worthy students and mitigate as much as he could the misery in which friends of his in the field of science in Europe have lived since the World War. They helped him too. There was not enough money for the plant and insect research work here; he sent specimens to friends abroad, so that the college had the benefit of their continual reports. The work in sugar technology, too, was founded and for a long time carried on without an appro priation. So it was all round, tackling what should obviously be done, and doing the impos sible. “His religion was of the spiritual and vital sort,” they said at his funeral; it was the creed less faith of that increasing tribe of men through out the world whom heaven loves because they love their fellow-man. Lo, their names lead all the rest. Dean Baker was a friend of the Jour nal, as he was friendly to everything and every body from which or from whom he found good was to come. Several times each week, until his fatal illness prevented, the mails brought letters from him filled with clippings and quota tions from contemporary sources—all valuable to the Journal’s work. Such was his thought fulness for others, such his intuitive appreciation; and now he sleeps beneath the campus at Los Banos where he toiled his life away, while all that he did lives on. There were services at the college and at Union Church in Manila, and the pulpit and floral tributes were appro priate. He was born in Michigan in 1872; his bachelor’s degree in science was from the University of Michigan and his master’s from Stanford. He is survived by two brothers, Hugh and Ray Stannard, the latter being the well known writer, whose home is at Amherst, Massachusetts. His career in science began in the Michigan college of agriculture in 1891 with a post as a laboratory assistant, and in cluded posts in the United States as well as many abroad—in Cuba, South America and the Straits Settlements. He had been dean of the college of agriculture here and professor of tropical agriculture since 1919. He also held numerous subsidiary posts here, such as that of technical assistant to the director of agriculture and that of associate editor of the Journal of Science. For the college of agriculture he had repeatedly tried to overcome baseless political objections and obtain extension of the agricultural college aid acts to the Philippines. Many have been praising him, but surely nothing could make the ruined clay more resigned to its imminent dissolution than for partisanship to be laid aside and this great boon secured for the college. Profesor Ebenezer Cook, for 23 years the head of Cook’s Music School here, died at the Philippine General Hospital, Wednesday after noon, July 27, unable to recover, because of his advanced age, from the operation his physi cians had to undertake in relief of his kidney trouble July 19. Had he lived until August 14 he would have been 85 years old; he was bom at Bergen, New York, August 14, 1842. Since coming to Manila 23 years ago, he had contrib uted regularly to the newspaper press of the city under his nom de plume, Old Fogy, there being many Americans in the islands now who cannot recall a Monday issue of the Manila Daily Bulletin in which his weekly philosoph ical comment on current events did not appear. For these quaint essays he often jotted down paragraphs while his music students practiced, without failing to note their mistakes. Let there be no long eulogy, for everyone knew him as a dignified, kindly, venerable man and a good neighbor. In 1861, when he was 19, he enlisted as a musician in the 8th artillery, 2nd army corps, New York volunteers, serving throughout the Civil War; and from this back ground of experience he drew many of his illus trations. He went west after the war and settled in Portland, where he had a well patronized muSic conservatory. He gradually acquired a competence by ventures in real estate, but there was a slump in values during the early 90’s, while his fortune was also affected by his impaired health. In 1895, therefore, he removed to Honolulu with his family, in search of a milder climate. His first wife was then living and their daughter, May, was still at home. She studied with her father until she was 21 years old, and gave promise of a brilliant career as a concert pianist. She then went to Berlin, where she was acclaimed a noted concert player by the critics; after enjoying a concert tour in Germany she went to England and scored a similar triumph. Under contract for a second continental tour, she returned to America for a round of the home land cities, contracted acute pneumonia at Pinehurst and died within a week of the day she took her bed. This was in 1901. She was her father’s only child; he never ceased to grieve for her, and it was many years before he could bring himself to mention her name. Her mother had died in Honolulu in 1898. In 1901 a woman whom Professor Cook had known in Portland as his pupil Agatha, in piano, voice and pipe-organ, visited Hono lulu. The old acquaintanceship was renewed and in 1902 they were married. Two years later they came to Manila, where they have lived ever since, conducting their music school on calle Nebraska and passing through their classes many young men and women who have gained enviable places as musicians in the local field and abroad. Some write back that they are earning their way through college with their music, and others have good places as music teachers. All this time Old Fogy wrote, taking any subject that pleased him and saying what he wished. He used a pencil, latterly a very broad one, for at last his sight failed and it became necessary for Mrs. Cook to copy-read all his manuscripts before they went to the paper. From 1920 he has published in the Bulletin; prior to that time he contributed to the Times and the Cablenews-American. On national ffite days and Memorial Day there was usually a poem, and some of these occasional verses were of genuine merit. Old Fogy was intensely patriotic. He was a familiar platform figure at Memorial Day and Independence Day exercises, recently as an honored guest but earlier as an active committee member. Held in universal veneration, he was an honorary member of the American chamber of commerce; he regularly attended its meetings, where he had a seat at the round table. Over questions of morality and personal rectitude he could grow righteously indignant. Aroused by the atmosphere pervading the early period of the Harrison administration, he lampooned it vigor ously in his Comedy of Errors, a paraphrase of Shakespeare’s play into which he put men whom the public gleefully recognized under the torture of his remorseless pen. This satire, published in a good edition, was perhaps his best single piece of literary work. Copies are now rare, the Journal editor is glad to have had his from the hand of Old Fogy himself. As he wrote, so also he composed. His masses have been sung at the Catholic Cathedral in the walled city, where Mrs. Cook was the organist for many years. He composed three masses with the full orchestration, and the orchestra tion was rendered by the Constabulary orchestra under his personal direction. Mrs. Cook, who continues the music school, is a Catholic; he himself was not, nor was be a Protestant; he lived like Bryant said it was well to live, and at last lay down as if upon his night ly bed. Hymnals published in America 40 to 50 years ago contain a number of his anthems and responses. He is gone, and only one Civil War veteran, William Thomas, remains in this outpost com munity. Both were in the Independence Day parade this year; and after the parade they sat in the reviewing stand and enjoyed the inspiring program. Cook was an honorary member of Lawton-Egbert Camp No. 1, V.A.P. Funeral services were held at the Army mortuary, Malecon drive, Friday afternoon, July 29, under the auspices of the United Spanish War Veterans. The body was cremated, and the ashes were interred in the Veterans’ plot in Cementerio del Norte. A talented man, upright citizen, excellent comrade and neighbor. Taps. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 “Why Buy a Home? We May Not Be Here Long” By Walter Robb This little review is titled with a dubiety that has no doubt been the greatest single source of the individual mere marking of time in the Philippines of all that might be readily called to mind: “Why buy a home? We may not be here long.” By extension, of course, why associate one’s self with a joint stock company developing a plantation, since one may not remain here long; so that this second common default of prudence must be attributed to the first. Month after month the rent falls due and is paid; the bills of a casual, uncharted life pile up and are paid; and meantime the city keeps growing, the demand for Philippine plan tation products keeps increasing, and no advantage is taken of these circumstances by many American families in Manila—as well as prices charged were insignificant when compared with the present value of the land. They made few if any improvements, built few thorough fares; and yet their enterprise was a big step forward from Spanish times, when lands were kept in large tracts on which ground rents were charged for little plots on which to build huts and shelters. Pasay has a long period of development still ahead of it, but it is now a town of many beau tiful, comfortable and valuable homes which the owners could turn into cash at great profit over what the cost has been. The credit, too, if need arose to resort to it, of every one of these home-owners, is far above that of the renter; acquiring a home and settling down to con tentment with one’s neighbors takes a family on the alert in the future, it is eminently Amer icans and American initiative that have brought the means of owning his own home to the Filipino of the salary and wage class. In this field right now, two companies, one American, are selling off tracts on the easy-payment plan to workmen whose monthly installments are but little if any more than they formerly paid in ground rents for the places where they camped in thatch huts. These old ground-rent schemes were a kind of monopoly; they were therefore the convenient means of usury; they are still a stain upon the town’s good character. Instead of a tinder coop in which his family is likely to be incinerated while he is away/at work, the Manila laborer today, if drawing anything more than a living wage, can have a comfortable house of strong materials, decently fitted out and standing upon well drained land, at installments he is able to meet; and if mis fortune overtakes him, his equity remains to him. The companies, of course, cannot thrive other families, too, with less reason—because, in the case of the American families, things are so uncertain, they may soon go home. But they don’t go home after all. Manila comes to be their home, while in that same Manila, or nearby it, they have no home. They merely have a place to continue camping in, on which they continue to pay rent. Yet from the very inception of the American regime, home-buying on easy terms has been possible. And Why should it ever have been doubted, just because a politician said so—Taft, with his Philippines-for-the-Filipinos doctrine— that under the American flag a city with all the splendid advantages of Manila would not be a first rate place in which to acquire real estate holdings? On Taft avenue alone, how many families might have acquired a competence from buying early and holding for a few years. The term Manila is extended to the suburbs, it is not confined to the districts embraced in the charter of the metropolis at present; for Manila is bound to broaden, for one thing, while the building of streets and highways brings the suburbs into the purview of the main city town. Now when the American occupation occurred, August 13, 1898, Pasay was an hacienda be longing to the Augustinians. Negotiations for these estates began, and Pasay passed into the hands of Warner, Barnes and Company, who organized the Pasay Real Estate Company. Dividing their holdings into residence sites, they began selling them off on the easy-payment plan. They no doubt made money, but the Manila Suburban Homes out of the casual category and places it in the substantial list. There is more than the property difference; formerly the cases of need iness among Americans came regularly to my attention, and I believe nearly all of them were renters; the most distressed were, certainly; when jobs were gone, all was gone. After Pasay came the Jones subdivision of a large tract in west Paco, in the neighborhood of calles Colorado and California and Pennsylvania avenue. This began selling at 1’2 the square meter. The period must have been about 1903-04. P. D. Carman, then an American youth of Manila, now one of the city’s wideawake real estate men, sat down four years ago, and figured what would have been made on just 5,000 meters of this land, had it merely been bought and held. After deducting for taxes and money at 10 per cent, the net was 1 * 62,000. In 1907 or thereabouts, the district south of calle Herran from Paco to calle Dakota could have been had at 25 centavos the square meter. Today an average price of 1’12 the meter would perhaps be the market. Many Americans, including the writer, live in that district between Ermita and Malate. Most of them, including the writer (though he does own a home site else where), are renting. The increase shown in an available list of real estate values in Manila districts developed prior to 1912, was, between 1912 and 1922, 34.4 per cent annually. But while Americans as a whole community have let many obvious realty opportunities slip by them, and might well resolve now to be more without a satisfied clientele; their interests are best served by fair treatment of the purchasers. This is an advance in one direction, and of immense value. In a somewhat different direc tion, several years ago, a number of companies acquired tracts adjacent to Manila on main thoroughfares and, when subdividing them into lots, improved them with roads, avenues, bridges, water mains and light and telephone lines. The San Juan Heights company was, it is be lieved, the first of these companies to develop tracts to be sold in lots on the installment plan. It was, however, soon followed by a number of others. There are possibly variations in the methods of these several companies, but they all resort to a common principle. In these companies a moderate number of Americans and a great number of Filipinos are buying their own homes in districts where transportation into Manila is reliable and the surroundings pleasant and healthful. Some of these tracts are parts of old friar estates, as in the case of Pasay, and some of them, like San Juan del Monte and San Francisco del Monte, were selected by the friars precisely because of their topography. They lie well up on the hills, have adequate natural drainage and salubrious air. Lots of any size may be had, on many ample sites splendid suburban homes surrounded with ample lawns and English or old-world gardens are already seen. But these are not what most appeal to me today, viewing, as I am, in retrospect, the passage of 29 years. What most appeals are the many new homes of families of moderate means, even All models are Now in Stock THE BETTER CAR With reasonable care, these cars will give you 500,000 miles of use We have records to prove it PHILIPPINE MOTORS CORPORATION IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 meager means—where the wife must work as well as the husband. Here is the country’s new middle class, here rests the hope, here indeed are the very stones of the foundation of future times. For 1’3,000 a real estate company builds a house of two bedrooms, a sala, diningroom, bath, kitchen and porch, with electric lights and water installed. By one plan (and they all come to the same end), the first payment on such a property is 1’161.38; and thereafter the payments are 1’42.25 a month for 120 months. The lot is had at pay ments of 1’15 a month and upward, according to location and size. In the Philippines this is all something new under the sun. Nor is it confined to Manila, it is being duplicated at half a dozen points elsewhere in the islands, in the port cities chiefly, of course, and I suspect that its possibilities both for buyers and sellers have but barely been tapped. There seems no reason why it ought not extend, within a reasonably short space of time, to every thriving provincial capital and even to the leading interisland ports —to all places, in short, where there prevail conditions, as in’ Manila, that are bound to maintain an increasing population actively employed. “Why buy a home? We may not be here long.’* This insipid nostalgia has been the undoing of far too many American families. Why not buy a home? And if circumstances or better fortune call one away, have the money, safely invested in the new home, for the expenses of the moving and settling down in another community. George Bronson Rea’s Naval Conference Pessimism It is hard to foretell just how, where, or when the next war will break out. With an experience of centuries in world domination, Great Britain wisely arms and prepares even against her best friends. That war may come through conceding independence to the Philippines. It may be precipitated over some event in China. It may come as the climax to a long-drawn-out and bitter controversy over the war debts. The European barrage against ‘Uncle Shylock’ early this year is only the opening shots of a bombardment that will grow in intensity as the years roll by. America’s foreign investments, largely in Europe, already exceed the eleven billion mark. At the rate foreign loans are being absorbed in the American market, another ten years will see twenty-five billions of American money invested abroad. Financial experts prophesy that by 1950 the total will reach over fifty billions. Long before that time, other nations will combine against her. War will come, if not in Europe, in the Pacific. England is preparing.—From Living Age. The Philippines stand as a buffer between Japan and the British possessions in India, Malay, and the Pacific; a guaranty that so long as they remain under American protection their neutrality must be respected. Independence without the power to preserve neutrality is a perilous position. Should the United States withdraw her guaranty by conceding independ ence to the Filipinos, the strategic situation in the Pacific would at once become loaded with dynamite, far more dangerous to world peace than the squabbles of Europe. The Philip pines are the keys to world empire. If posses sion of these keys ever passes out of the hands of the United States, they will be taken over and retained by some other Power who will know how to use them for its own profit. The future of the Philippines is uncertain. Great Britain cannot afford to take chances. Neither can Japan contemplate with unconcern any further extension of European influence in Far Eastern waters. Within easy steaming distance of Mindanao and the Sulu Group—or any one of the thousand Philippine islands suitable as submarine bases—lies the Rubber Empire of the world, a source of unlimited wealth upon which Great Britain is now drawing and will continue to draw to pay her war debts to the United States. Eliminating the bogey of an Asiatic menace to Australia or India, these immensely rich possessions must be adequately protected against any possible contingency. Has it ever occurred to thinking Americans that the hypothetical enemy who might con ceivably covet possession of Britain’s Malayan Rubber Empire is their own country? Might not the Singapore Base be directed against the United States? It is well to remember that notwithstanding the platitudinous bunk about Anglo-American friendship, and ‘Hands across the Sea,’ the British place no implicit trust in friendship. Britain retains her naval bases at Halifax, at Esquimalt; she has Jamaica, Ber muda, the Bahamas, Barbados, St. Kitts, An tigua, Belize, and other strategic footholds in the heart of the American Mediterranean. Her financiers have even wrangled a concession out of the Panaman Government which gives them extraordinary rights in a vast territory contiguous to the Canal Zone, a situation preg nant with such complications, to offset which the American Government has been compelled in self-defense to negotiate a hard and fast treaty of alliance with Panama which automat ically brings her in on our side in the event of hostilities between ourselves and any other Power. America takes no chances in the Carib bean. Leaving Halifax and Esquimalt out of the picture, not one of Britain’s colonial possessions in America has any great economic value. Does any American believe that the British Govern ment would hand over to the United States any of these islands as a part payment of its war debt to this country? Suggest it officially, if we want to know exactly what Britain thinks about these strategic keys to the American coast. The only possible enemy they could be employed against is the United States. As in the Caribbean, so in the Western Pacific. A Smoking and Club Room for Men The Oriental Limited helps to speed the hours away on your trip across America aboard the finest train between Seattle, Vancouver, Victoria and Chicago. Then too, the trip is Through Some of the Finest Scenery in all America The Great Northern Cascades and Rockies, mighty in their mile-high magnificence,-asseen from low passes, and past lakes, rivers, and waterfalls, through an agricultural empire, to Minneapolis and St. Paul and down the Mississippi Valley to Chicago. Our descriptive literature tells all about the trip. Sent free. Ask A. G. HENDERSON. AGENT. Chaco Building AMERICAN EXPRESS CO. Manila, P. 1. Great Northern A Dependable Railway IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 Growing Sumatra Tobacco at Sarunayan, Cotabato By “Sunset” Cox If the truth were known it is probable that the Dutch tobacco growers of Sumatra are much more worried over the reports of Sumatra wrapper tobacco being successfully grown in the Cotabato valley than the Davao hemp planters are about abaca being grown in Sumatra. Judg ing from late reports from the government tobacco experimental station at Sarunayan, Cotabato, the Dutch tobacco men have some thing real to worry about. It is seven years since the first experimental station was started at Pikit, and three years since it was transferred from Pikit to Sarunayan, down the Rio Grande river from Pikit half-way to Cotabato, the port and provincial capital. In these few years it has been proved that beyond question Sumatra wrapper equally as good as that grown on the island of that name can be grown in this section of the Philippines, down in southern Mindanao. The tobacco from there recently marketed in Manila proves it. More than 1000 kilos brought top prices and had the buyers asking for more. The present crop, now well toward the harvest ing stage, also proves it. It is against the laws of the Dutch government for seed of the Su matra leaf tobacco to be taken from the country. Nevertheless about half a pound of the precious seed was brought to Manila in 1921. It was worth its weight in gold. Just at that time the tobacco station near Pikit was under way and a thimbleful, no more, was sent down there. It was planted carefully and tended and nursed and sheltered until harvest-time came, then curing time, and fermenting time. Then they knew. They had it. They had been experimenting with Sumatra from Florida the previous year, it had turned out well. Now they knew that the genuine Sumatra could be raised in the Philippines. Several years of experimenting by the tobacco experts followed, and it was decided that the land down near Sarunayan was better adapted to the purpose. This land is rich, loamy mould identical with that of Sumatra. It is back some six kilometers from the Cotabato river (the Rio Grande), and high enough to be safe from the floods. Three years ago a small appropriation was accordingly made available, and Mariano Gutierrez, one of the tobacco experts of the bureau of agriculture, was detailed to establish a new station there. It was a hard job. The site was distant from the river, there was only a cart trail to it and that was almost impassable during rains. Labor was scarce. In record time, however, tobacco planting started. The third crop has now been harvested, with the result already mentioned. It is proved that the Philippines can raise its own Sumatra leaf, although the Cagayan valley has never been able to do so, a new era has begun for the tobacco grower of these islands. The Tabacalera Company (Cia General de Tabacos de Filipinas) has been greatly interested in the work being done in Cotabato with the Sumatra leaf, especially after having tried its cultivation one their own Isabela and Cagayan plantations. After it was proved conclusively at Sarunayan, the Tabacalera company sent Mr. J. E. Hasselman, their tobacco expert, to Cotabato to observe the work being done there and report upon it. His report stated that he was satisfied that Sumatra wrapper tobacco equal to that raised in Sumatra was now being grown at the Cotabato experimental station, and that he saw no reason why it could not be grown upon a large scale. It is therefore pos sible that the Tabacalera company will take active steps to develop the industry in that province. Mariano Manas, chief of the division of plant industry of the bureau of agriculture, is greatly interested in the Cotabato work of his division and is aiding Superintendent Gutierrez in every way possible. He has recommended that the appropriation for the station be increased mate"Sumatra” in the P. I. rially, in order that this important industry may be given every possible chance to demonstrate itself. Another ‘shipment of Sumatra leaf is expected soon from Sarunayan; this is also expected to bring top prices. At the time of the visit of the Colonel Carmi Thompson party to Cotabato he was given a half-dozen hands of the Sumatra tobacco from Sarunayan. It was immediately taken over by the Colonel’s secretary, who hails from Kentucky originally and is a judge of good tobaccos. He was amazed and pleased, stating that it was the finest he had ever seen. He asked for, and was given, full information concerning it. This station at Sarunayan is two kilometers from the colonist center of Bual, where hundreds of Ilocano homeseekers have settled and taken up homesteads. They are all accustomed to the growing of tobacco, men and women alike. Thus the labor question is an easy one. Gutier rez is an Ilocano himself. He is the bureau’s expert in tobacco. Comfortable houses now are provided for the superintendent and his assistants; the laborers are well taken care of, and the homes of the colonists nearby are well-built and comfortable. The road from Lumupog, on the river, to Bual, is now under construction. It passes through the reservation. Launches and steamers on the Rio Grande river are numerous, hence the tobacco station employes get their mail and supplies fairly regularly. Datu Dilangalan of Bual, the most influential Moro chief in this section, is progressive and very friendly. His men, a thousand of them, are building a part of the Lumupog-Bual road. The advantage of the road is obvious. At times it has cost the datu a peso a cavan just to trans port palay from Bual to Lumupog, nine kilo meters, by sledge. The datu spends much time at the station watching the Sumatra grow ing, he and his son Mantil, a graduate of the Philippine Normal School. They can see what this may mean to the Moros some time, this new tobacco which brings such a fancy price. Planted first in seed beds that are carefully covered, it then is set out in prepared ground, a little hole having been made for each plant, at - equal distances. When it flowers especial care is needed, the pollenization is effected by hand and each flower is protected by a paper or muslin sack to prevent strange or improper pollenization from other plants. Beautiful tobacco, this Sumatra grown in Cotabato. Three meters high when mature, with some of the broad drooping leaves 48 inches long and 24 inches wide. A good cutter can make wrappers for twelve cigars from one leaf. When cured it is a delicate golden brown, soft and satiny in texture, the ribs and veins small and scarcely noticeable; that is one of the char acteristics of the Sumatra leaf. The last sold in Manila brought a little more, than 1 * 4.50 a kilo. No wonder that these Ilocano farmers are happy, in their own provinces they get only a fraction of this price for tobacco. Scientific tobacco growing calls for constant experimentation, therefore Gutierrez has ex periments under way at all times. He has genuine Havana tobacco growing, but finds it improved by crossing it with Sumatra. The Florida Sumatra is also improved by mixing in a strain of true Sumatra, it makes a hardier plant, good for both wrapper and filler. There are now three pure Sumatra strains at Sarunayan, one pure Florida-Sumatra strain, and five hybrid strains evolved by crossing the pure plants in various ways. All bring top market prices and are highly praised by the tobacco experts of the bureau of internal revenue and the largest cigar companies of Manila. Seeds August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 and seedlings of these plants are supplied gratis to the colonists and Moros in the district there abouts, all of whom are now engaged in planting their own crops of the improved tobacco. This is the first year that the station has had suf ficient seed and seedlings for free distribution. The curing sheds, and there are many of them, are all built according to the latest approved plans. The employes who look out for the curing and packing are all experienced men, and many of them have homesteads where they will soon be growing tobacco for the market themselves. They have, of course, written back to their cousins to come down to Cotabato and preempt homesteads too. As those who have visited the Ilocano prov inces of La Union, Cagayan and Isabela are aware, the women there do much of the work, not only in the tobacco fields, but in stripping and grading and selecting. The wives and daughters of the Ilocano colonists are doing the same in the Cotabato tobacco district; they make good wages at this while their brothers and husbands are building up their new farms. Not only tobacco, but other useful plants and crops are being experimented with at Sa runayan—coffee and cacao, for example. They do well, especially Robusta coffee, and seeds of that are being distributed in the neighbor hood. New varieties of corn and sugar cane, also, and garden vegetables; but the tobacco is the real money crop. Considerable effort, however, is being made to cultivate the chalamoogra tree, from which is obtained the oil used for the relief or cure of leprosy. Trees obtained from India as seedlings are doing very well indeed. The annual allowance for this Sarunayan farm is only 1’8000, out of which comes the salary of the superintendent and his assistant, so they have to do the best they can with the balance. Therefore practically everything is homemade. The wagons, the harrows, the wheelbarrows even, besides a dozen little clever contrivances invented for the proper planting of tobacco seeds and seedlings, things to make the work easy and exact. Several of them seem clever and useful enough to be patented. Of all the colonies in Mindanao this colony near Bual seems the most prosperous, with the best future in prospect. It borders on the Pikit colony, which is included in this state ment, but with the difference that at Pikit the colonists are grouped together closer, making almost a Filipino settlement, while here at Sarunayan Moros and Christians live and work side by side on the very best of terms. Datu Dilangalan himself is partly responsible for this, and in part the colonists themselves. From a little hill near the Constabulary station at Camp Ward, near Bual, one can look off northeast toward the Bukidnon boundary over a broad expanse of beautiful land, well watered but almost as level as a floor—all just exactly the same kind of land that is being cultivated and settled here at Sarunayan—and all virgin soil awaiting the homeseeker, the homesteader. It is wonderful land, only need * ing to be scratched to bring forth its riches, land for thousands of the land-hungry people of the north. A road will tap that rich valley just as soon as people begin to settle there, an extension of the Lumupog-Bual road already spoken of. Then the way will be open for the cultivation of Sumatra wrapper in ample quan tities. Scores of Christian Filipinos who have come to Mindanao in government positions have seen the future of this Bual district and have taken up homesteads, resigning from their positions as soon as their homesteads are well underway. Dr. Villafuerte, the president of the sanitary district of Pikit, is a homesteader; so is Emio Corino, of the auditor’s office. Dozens of others, formerly with only a monthly salary, now have Mother Nature as their cashier. Business men, Filipinos, are coming in also. In the little town of Bual the first stores have just started and are doing a good business. Many of the owners are both traders and home steaders, for their business must be mostly barter ing as yet, exchanging goods for farm products, tobacco and palay. It was in connection with one of these stores that an interesting fact was observed. While riding along the cart road a dozen or so carts with a supply of goods, seem ingly for a general store, were passed. Moros nearby had loaned their carts for this purpose, without pay. The Moros, it was said, gladly loan the Christian colonists carabaos and other work animals for months at a time, so they can get their homesteads started quicker. Datu Dilangalan uses two Fordsons to cul tivate his great rice fields, and is planning to put the first P. U. trucks on the new road when it is opened for traffic. He is also a delightful host, even overlooking some of the teachings of the Koran. The Ilocanos brought down with them from the north the art of making bassi, the Ilocano beverage which cheers, and almost the first thing they planted was sugar cane for this purpose. Moros are learning to like bassi. Dr. J. W. Strong, the rubber planter of Basilan, recently returned from a trip to Sumatra. Everywhere he went on that journey he was If every executive handled his own figures— Every Office Would Use The MONROE High Speed Adding-Calculator , ONE day’s struggle to handle a volume of figures without error, and without delay, would convince any executive that the risk was too great and that his work deserved the most modern machine for safe, speedy figuring. 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CEBU asked, seriously, “Is it a fact that they are growing Sumatra wrapper tobacco in Mindanao, and if they are where did they get the seed?” It will be a great day for Cotabato when the first big cargo of Sumatra tobacco is shipped to the United States, and Americans learn that the wrappers of their cigars were grown in an American territory. THE TREND OF PRICES Reflecting the prospects for smaller crops, agricultural prices have shown important ad vances, thus narrowing the unfavorable spread which has existed between agricultural and nonagricultural commodities. While the results to the farmer are uncertain, by reason of the smaller yields, the movement is significant as perhaps reflecting the turning point in agri cultural prices. For the first time since 1924 agricultural commodities have become an at tractive speculation for the rise, and to some IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 extent at least the increases reflect a real gain in agricultural purchasing power. That the state of unbalance between agriculture and in dustry would sooner or later be rectified has been inevitable. Moved by the disparity of return, capital and labor that could be spared from the farms have been gradually turning away from agriculture and into industry, which means that fundamental factors have been slowly shaping themselves for an improvement in agriculture, quite apart from price changes in which the weather has been a factor. Largely because of the rise in farm products, which has offset declines in other commodities, the price indexes give evidence of a stability ly The End of the Trail $ $ By Percy A. Hill It happened twenty years ago, in Nueva Ecija, when that province was still in the making. True, it had been lopped off the province of Pampanga a century before by a royal governor who baptized it with the name of his native province in distant Spain. But excepting a nucleus of old towns in the southern part and a fringe of ancient settlements along the rugged coast of the Pacific, Nueva Ecija twenty years ago was to all intents and purposes a new coun try. It was a succession of cogonales and forested creeks in the northern part, a paradise of the deer and wild-boar hunter. Where towns had been built, life was little more than a change of seasons, seed-time and harvest. The struggle for existence was never keen, fever and epidemics kept the population stationapr. News was a month old when it came, which was not too often; the elders of the towns and villages had not yet been taught a new way of sucking eggs by the younger generation sup plied with imperfect knowledge from school books. Theirs was a simple life, for they did not then possess the oratorical leader who now, in a kind of feudal magnanimity, refers to them ■ as my people. But their latent curiosity was insatiable, given the least morsel to gnaw upon. A stranger coming into one of those towns over the sun-burnt trails was instantly the object of this curiosity. A few moments after his arrival, if he were at all communicative— and indeed it was difficult to be otherwise unless accompanied by a retinue of servants, themselves animated newspapers—his errand, reasons or motive, right or wrong, would quickly become the property of all the inhabitants. They al! had a wonderful capacity for absorbing news, after the manner of the ancient Greeks. Time, however, has run its ceaseless course. Most of the rude forefathers, the matandas, now rest peacefully in the campo santos; a change, inevitable, has come in with the new generation addicted to book-learning, stump-speaking and flamboyant neckwear. Nowadays the people of Nueva Ecija pay little attention to the stranger within their gates; such is civilization, take it or leave it. But twenty years ago things were different, and when a swarthy, close-knit Americano rode into a certain pueblo one day, with a pack pony of supplies, the curious were on tiptoe with anxiety. The stranger, indifferent to the emotions he had raised, dismounted leisurely and sought out the presidente. This facto tum hastily donned his official coat, grasped his cane, badge of his office, and, still slipperless, presented himself before the new arrival. Cour tesies were exchanged, and the two presently repaired to the presidente’s house. Proffered liquid refreshment, the stranger mixed himself a drink that would now put crimps in the Con stitution, and gulped the beverage down with audible appreciation. His worthy host ex plained his thirst by the torrid and dusty trail he had traveled. Talk began after the inner man had been further satisfied with the usual visitor’s meal of chicken and rice. The stranger, puffing a postprandial Londres, told the presidente he was about to become a resident of the town; he was, he said, to take charge of a deserted plantation at Irurulong, that is somewhat misleading. Apart from the rise in the grains and cotton there is no evidence that the gradual downward trend of prices has been checked. In fact a number of important commodities have shown further declines. Included among these are copper, lead, rubber, silk, coffee, and pig iron, while steel prices are none too firmly established at the present levels, which are below those of a year ago. Whether or not the coal strike will eventual ly become a factor in prices remains to be seen, but the first three months of the lay-off have caused no disturbance in the trade. —National City Bank: Current lieport. a vast tract of virgin land that paid taxes to the government but remained immaculately virgin of gain to its absentee owners. The plantation lay in a valley between cordil leras of lofty mountains. It comprised both hill and dale and bore to the uninitiated all the outward signs of an agricultural paradise. The stranger presently made his abode in one of the thatched huts on the place; but he also, so to speak, maintained a town house, in order to be in more convenient proximity to the Chinese tiendas stocking the native firewaters, ginebra and vino. His breakfast, it came to be known, was often a Kentucky breakfast—a loaf of bread and a bottle of hard liquor. The bread he was wont to share or give whole to master less dogs, that ignored his bibulous failing and appreciated his liberality. They met his ad vances with frank waggings; their confidence was more easily gained than that of the towns people. These townspeople held somewhat aloof, not yet having found out who the stranger was, or what. Some opined he was a doctor, win^ him sample many bottles; and others, that he was a Protestant preacher, a burubut-sabon, which literally is soap-suds, from his copious and expressive oratory. But still others thought that he was a miner, looking for the fugitive mother lode. On one of my occasional visits to the town, indeed, the justice of the peace confided to me in a confidential whisper that he had found a mina de tanso, which would be a brass mine! He desired me to go in with him in preempting this discovery before the handsome stranger should find it himself. I1 R A D E WITH US BY MAIJL s S E N Silks are not enough! c A D We have Cheney’s, Mallinson’s and the N Best French Marks. F The Buffalo Gal danced with a hole in her O O stocking! She wouldn’t if she had worn— u R Keyser hose, or R Onyx “ S We Carry the Best Complete Lines for Both W A Women and Men in Everything to Wear I M, N P D L M.PELLICER O E 40-42-44 ESCOLTA MANILA, P. I. W S s OUR TAILORING IS FASHION’S TRADEMARK Gradually we came to know the stranger, his hopes and failings, vices and virtues. We took his name to be an adopted one. “My moniker is B ,” he said, and as B we accepted him. Ordinarily he was a man of even temper, but under stress of emotion he displayed a lurid and unexpurgated vocabulary which could best be interpreted by a series of exclamation points and dashes. This eloquent flow was once provoked when he was mounting a balky horse. A lady who chanced to overhear the stranger’s remarks hurled anger back at him and condemned him in terms almost as robust as his own; then she noised her opinion abroad. However, we did not pay much attention to her anathemas, for we knew there are exceptions to every rule. Furthermore, she was not popular with us. She was one of those women who think all men are vile, being bom so; she desired to put pants on the Venus de Milo and clothe the statuary of fountains. Many old-timers no doubt still remember her, and chuckle over her crusading proclivities. B------was, as I have intimated, a handsome rake, with a heavy dark mustache and x-ray eyes. He not only talked well, but betrayed an excellent education by quoting scraps of Latin and other dead languages. He dearly loved an argument, if it related to doctrinal theory. But his rare lapses into autobiography dis closed nothing whatever about his home or his people, the few good books he possessed had all their flyleaves removed. We opined that these missing leaves had borne his real name, and in the manner of the border we concluded that what that name was was none of our business. His duties as encargado of the plantation were not onerous. But he lived on there, in the cogon-thatched hut hard by the spider-legged camarines for the rice, back of which were the deep mud wallows loved by the slate-skinned carabao. Things looked as if B------had met with misfortune on life’s way and did not think further struggle was worthwhile. After a certain age, no matter what the cataclysmic experience, there is no real change in the soul of man. He had a whimsical theory that life was a journey, a path down which the soul trod, a trail that had its beginning and end; and one could make it joyfully or not, as his cosmos taught him and his digestion dictated. A wife and family made, he contended, slow going; foot-free one traveled the faster to his predes tined goal. But fast or slow, happy or sad, one did come at last to the point where all journeys ended. He was also optimistic about his wild {Continued on page 22) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 Manila Sunsets: Native Philippine Psychology By Walter Robb Originally published in “Seaports of the Far East" The sunset over Manila bay is often of a peculiar and indescribable beauty. Phenomena of the most celestial magnificence, accompany ing the setting of the sun, are common here; but occasionally the loveliness of the whole scene is transcendent. First, a gossamer trans parency pervades the atmosphere—argent tinted, of a diaphanous lustre, like the silvered silken arras of a majestic theater, into the perfection of which have gone the munificence of the gods and the glutton sensuality of demigods. The city, with all its suburbs round the shore, is, it seems, brought together in an audience of half a million souls, to view the tableau that shall presently unfold in the western heavens. This illu sion, of a great concourse of nature worshipers, is en hanced immeasurably by the glower of clouds over the eastern mountains. Surely a skilled attendant is there, dimming the amphitheater and focusing an Ormuzdian effulgence where the atten tion and devotion of the worshipers are already drawn, and now await with avid ex pectancy what can no longer be delayed. The vesper hour. It is the moment for the overture. Deep, distant thunder, rolling through the green caverns of the eternal hills, rever berates in the rhythmic and sonorous periods, as of a solemn march or processional. The theme of the music itself is traced by nearer sounds: a thousand romping children on the Luneta, the splash of the tide on the ^boulevard wall, from which ■careen, with shouts and ban. ter, the brown athletic bodies of many youths, diving into the ripples and shadows of the bay. Motors purr along the drive slowly, and finally Jpull up at the curb any where, that even the gay and the courted may pay momen tary homage to divine and superior beauty. A married harlot is there, . with her paramour. Young rascals trail the slow-strolling ''footsteps of convent girls— white blouses, jet braids, red ribbons and jaunty blue skirts—guarded by the convent mothers to whom, it almost seems, the foster-maternity is an ostentation. Clerics Ewith the lads, in black, high-buttoned cassocks, bow esthetic acquaintanceship. The gaze even of old men leaning upon canes, roves anon to the chatter of little groups of mestiza maidens, those matchless exquisites of mixed consanguinous heritage, none of whom, naturally enough, lacks gallant cavaliers. The lush of life, of matehood and the renewal of life, touch the awakened senses like a fra grance from urns sacred to rife paganism. The choral of mellow sound arises from the hearts of thoroughly mundane creatures, whose god is the god of famine and harvest, of storm and haven— on the seagirt isles and the sea itself—the god of fair hopes, foul despair, regnant passion. The sunset presently will depict the moods of the people. The pellucid atmosphere, strange ly, almost supernaturally, has the effect of bringing things closer by leagues and leagues. Mariveles seems not distant at all. The wire less towers of Cavite, on historic old Sangley Point, are apparently stalking right out across the bay, like huge and grotesquely animated skeletons. Even the low campaniles of Cavite churches appear in distinct gray outline: a few times, through a few centuries, the glow and glamor of an unusual eventide have thus shown over them. Decaying marine rubbish, the wraiths of old ships, can be faintly discerned along the shore of the point; but the gibberish of coolie crews, working at galleon hulks under the lash, is silent in history—along with the babble of mandarin merchants, bartering Asiatic wares for Mexican and Peruvian silver. Southward, as if in the midst of Pasay village, so near it seems, looms Mount Banahaw. One half expects to make out the legends on its rocky mantle, or to surprise woods creatures indulging evening carousal in its forests. Imperceptibly the breeze over the waters freshens. The curtains, cumulus portents, draw aside. The sunset comes. The tableau is the state appearance of the god of gods. Bathala. The festal colors are all those of divine royalty— with red for fire, the fiercest element, the venge ance upon man of every god to which he ever raised a temple or bowed his bewildered mind. The clouds are, of course, in sables, bewailing a supremacy they must acknowledge in the passing Prince of Light. Rays like fairy’s wands reach out to touch them and bestow a generous monarch’s greetings. Their sables are soon silvered over; and then they are adorned in gold, to share vicariously the pomp and glory of their royal master. If ever the hosts of heaven sang, surely they do so now. The sea, too, joins the hosanna. The god of gods tosses her a purple robe, which she wears in all becomingness. Where the imperial color is lacking, for want of shadow upon green, there hang long, shimmering jade pendants, half concealing modesty, half reveal ing strumpetry in the wanton creature. Omnipotence, the servility of all lesser things, is the plain motif of the tableau. The largesse of the journeying sun, retiring with whom he will beyond the portals of silken purple and gold, is almost contemptuous. The amen ities of a public occasion are, however, complied with, though but disdainfully. Impatiently the royal purse-strings are loosened, that coins of gold may shower upon the worshipers, not innocent of avarice and envy. “Disperse ye!” Such seems the gesture of the sun setting over Manila bay. “Disperse ye, men of earth, creatures of a day. If I would, I might tell tonight how many will be cuddled in their graves tomorrow. All will be there soon. Whilst the sea, my sweet mistress, and the mountains, where even demigods dwell forever, and the primal forests, with dignity enough of their own never to bow really low before the hosts of heaven—these are all the true peers and companions of my eternal age, eternal youth. Disperse ye!” Darkness comes quickly, when the sun goes; it is docile and obedient to the fierce mood of light. Such is the setting of the sun over Manila bay. At the mouth of the bay the Mariveles headland rises to a grand height. Clouds gather round its summit. The phenomena of grandeur and magnificence come from the reflected and refracted light of the noblest orb of the firma ment, receding into the purple depths of the China sea. Filipinos swear by Langit, the sky. They do well. They swear by Bathala; god of light, the sire and senior of the universe. They do well. Their souls are one with Nature, amid whose most superb and perpetual beauties they dwell in simple acceptance of whatever fate an inscrutable, will vouchsafes them. They do well. 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 “Thy will, O God, thy will, not mine, be done!” By such submissiveness to the divine, the flesh resigns itself to what the day or the night has in store. If it be pleasure, it is pursued; if its bouquet is enjoyable, no curse bursts forth against its dregs. If it be sorrow, have not many sorrowed? And who are the humble, to rail against that which, though it mortify the flesh, surely exalteth the soul? Filipinos never had to learn Christianity, nor have they learned it. Its teachers despised them because they were pagans, and reviled them in many relations sent to Rome; but the precepts of its founder they knew from the beginning, and He himself must have had these principles of moral conduct from some shrine of philosophy in the East not far from the region of their own origin. His preachments are a part of them, and no mere cloak to wear in public; and what the West will never learn, though it memorize assiduously and send forth many missionaries, they, of the East, will never forget; since with them it is not something learned, but something breathed and lived. They render unto Caesar, they revel at Cana, they weep in Gethsemane. They have it from their ancient creed, not the new, that the soul may cast down the rock of the sepulchre. The world does not understand the Filipino; it is not quite aware of just what sort of man he is, or may become. Four centuries ago crusad ers defamed him as an infidel, and pronounced him savage and backward. He was, too, but just as the crusaders’ own near ancestors were, not much earlier in history. Extraneous in fluences elevated them; the same influences did not touch him, so it is not his fault that he remained rather lower in the scale, and he need not be ashamed of it. When the crusaders’ ancestors were living in mud huts, the Filipino’s ancestors were dwelling under thatch. How the one people, the people of Europe, went on from mud huts to stone mansions and vaulted cathedrals, while the Filipino continued living in his humble thatch cottage and knew no altars but the natural ones of the forest and the moun tain cavern—this is the truth left out of the biased and inept histories. Better said, per haps, it is written plainly in history, but that quaint book seems to be inscribed in unintelligi ble hieroglyphics for the many who delight in sheer repetition of its pages in the classroom. The West advanced, but it did not leap for ward by lifting itself by its own bootstraps. If this fact were but recognized, the Filipino, who did not advance much, would feel himself less inferior, and the world would have a less disdainful regard for him. It is therefore clearly to the advantage of America, his tutor in modern life, to learn something of him, and of the reasons for his being what he is. (He is, of course, spoken of here as a mass of people; the limited higher social levels, remarkably influenced by universal culture, are not referred to in this study.) Briefly, then, he did not conquer Greece, nor take Greek slaves into his households to inculcate in him Hellenic culture. He did not trade with the Phoenicians, so he kept an alphabet of his own instead of adopting theirs. He did not domicile Saracen hordes in his country, so he did not borrow their arts, including medicine and astronomy. Merchant Jews did not swarm over his islands, where trade would not have been profitable, so he never had the benefit of their large fortunes in cash, and their invention of international exchange bills, for the carrying out of great enterprises. He never went crusading against the Turk, to bring back the learning and the comforts and luxuries of the Levant as booty. Vicariously he now suffers the stigma of African slavery, of which he was always in^gnorance; the linger ing blur of this in men’s minds still, to a degree, affects him too. Time will wear it out, but only time can do so. Over in China and India was much learning, but the adjacent Philippines were only sparsely settled islands, with the vacant Pacific beyond— inviting no commerce. Learning flowed west ward, through the routes of trade, which were also the routes of war. Now, at last, the routes of trade have reached and tapped the Philippines. There is far less war, far more commerce and international accord; and the latent wealth of Philippine soil is being touched into gold. The stimulus of that big ocean commerce which finds its principal outlet through Manila port.^ is awakening the Filipino from the sleep ouj centuries of quiet and sodden isolation. Th£ government, protecting commerce, takes tolF of it and pours this constant stream of taxe’ into education and divers public benefits ana improvements. Social changes occur. The Eas. is fatalistic. The Philippines partake of tha: fatalism. The impatient, nonmeditative an ! practical West beats upon this fatalism. I is not wholly mordant, gradually it undergoe modification. If it may only be permitted tc suffer—this is the native Indian inheritancethen come what will, and welcome. The mortifications of this mundane life ar' despised in the heart of eastern peoples wh remain a peasantry of unlettered mystics, trib; and backward, until commerce breaks the spiritual bonds. In the Philippines the modem forces are ei> work, quite busily, one would say, certainll, impatient of the cloying past. And the reasom these forces are at work so industriously * * * the United States. When Americ. trades with the Far East, she sails her ship • westward; time’s game, as to the Philippine: ( was to wait until America spread from ocea to ocean and built a thousand cities full c ■. factories with insatiable appetite for raw tropica supplies. But time has never changed the sunsets They remain exquisite etchings of his magi, brush; and Manila, enigmatic, hybrid, para doxical, ancient, medieval, a modern of modern' —this all in one character distinctive only o herself—Manila remains one of the most fascinat ing seaports of the world, America’s metropoliin the East that has the Spanish-mission pas that so many neo-Yankee regions share. Th< Spaniards, with their remarkable genius for place names, vulgarly called the Philippine: las islas del poniente, the sunset isles, becausi the galleons and caravels sailed into the sunse: to reach them from Mexico; and because of the . unrivaled beauty of the sunsets the name ought to last—the Philippines, sunset land. Gum-Dipped! A word of the utmost importance to tire users FIRESTONE TIRES, balloons and high pressures, are gumdipped. This means that every fiber of the cord is saturated in live rubber by an exclusive Firestone process. The result is to reduce internal friction, the greatest single cause of tire failures. Extra mileage, greater wearing qualities, more endurance, increased flexibility, real economy—follow as a matter of course. Call on your Fire stone dealer for tire service. Equip with Firestones for the sake of safety, riding comfort and econ omy. “Most Miles Per Peso" 'Firestone Pacific Commercial Company DISTRIBUTOR August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 Guadalupe: Philippine Monastery Older Than Jamestown Great Mission Trail Series: Second Paper on Augustinians Before going on to the Jesuits and the friar rders that followed the Augustinians to the ,‘hilippines, it is desired to devote a little space to the first permanent mission structure built in the islands, which the authorities seem to agree was the Augustinian sanctuary of IVuestra Sefiora de Guadalupe. The sanctuary, built in 1601, was demolished by Wheaton’s Flying Brigade, March 13, 1899, supported by fire from the mosquito fleet in the river. This fleet was made of light-draft boats acquired in the victory over Spain and designed for coast and river patrol purposes. Wheaton’s brigade was organized “to clear the enemy from the country to the Pasig and to strike him wherever found,” and the sanctuary had been utilized as an enemy stronghold and rendezvous. The Augustinians were, of course, later reimbursed for the damage to their property, undertaken solely as a neces sary act of war. The Journal is fortunate in being able to reproduce an engraving from a photograph taken by the authors of Campaigning in the Phil ippines, showing Guadalupe prior to the bombardment. It is typical of the Philippines, forever hiding their light un der a bushel, that the noble ruins are now enclosed by a high barbwire fence, tagged with no-trespassing notices, instead of being, as they ought to be, open and advertised to the public. It shoud be the business of a caretaker to see that vandals do not pen-^nife their im mortal names on the historic walls, but such is not the case. However, in visiting the place do not be dismayed ky either the fence or the ■arnings to keep out. Go in; " ' " i watchman wanders up, explain the purpose of your uins dominate the near Fort Wm. y. The road leads e right of the river • ,the fort, a little st.-- beyond San Pedro !; c. ind if you go out by .. . they will let you T at the Guadalupe station ; ad you will have an interestig Stroll through the village, hich straggles up the hill. 'Workmen employed in Mat la live here, building their own houses and paying ground rent to the administracidn. Such, in times gone by, was one of the sources of regular revenue to the friar missions, but it is said that the income from the Guadalupe estate never exceeded Pl,000 the year, for which reason the original purpose to use it as a theological seminary could not be carried out. But to the reader of today, the sanctuary had even a better use made of it, as will be seen immediately. Under the guidance of a courteous young friar of the present Augustinian community in Manila, the writer has often rummaged in the dusty shelves of the shadowy basement of the monas tery in the old walled city of Manila—seeking stray volumes about the Philippines. On one such excursion he picked up a paper-back: Viajes por Filipinas, de Manila a Tayabas, by Juan Alvarez Guerra, who made Philippine collections for world expositions in Europe and was at one time governor of Camarines Norte. He wrote about his Philippine travels in the 1870’s. Going to Tayabas by river boat (for there were no roads straight through, as now), he noted the following about Guadalupe: “The sanctuary of Guadalupe was the first Philippine temple in which brick and stone were employed for the walls. It was constructed by an Augustinian friar, a relative of the immortal Herrera, to whom the world is indebted for the Monastery of the Escorial. He who directed the Guadalupe sanctuary later gave his genius wider rein in the magnificent works of St. Augus tine’s in Manila, truly a laurel leaf in the illus trious name of Herrera.” There it was, in a dark corner of a moldy shelf careening in rickety fashion from pillar to pillar of a foundation arch of St. Augustine’s, that this old and saffron copy of Guerra was found. Touch the pages and they crinkle to pieces. Unfortunately a rather priceless commentary on later Spanish times in the islands was printed on very inferior stock; yet JOURNAL readers are assured of further quotations from this rare and excellent authority—especially on rural customs. Fray Juan de Medina, O.S.A., wrote of Guada lupe early in the 17th century. “It is,” he said, “the most frequented house of devotion in the islands, both by Spaniards and by. natives.” A recent authority adds, “The father provincial of the Augustinians, repre senting his order, took under his charge the support, education and teaching of abandoned and orphan children. They transferred the children to the lower part of the convent at Guadalupe, which was spacious and well ven tilated. There they opened workshops of sculp ture and ceramics, painting and modeling, and there they remained until 1892, when the schools, workshops and children were transferred to the buildings constructed for that purpose in the village of Malabon.” Fray Buzeta’s diccionario came out in 1851, giving still another glimpse of Guadalupe. “The Augustinians always have at Guadalupe a prior, who is usually a priest superannuated in the mission work. The elevation of the place is notable; it is reached by the ascent of hundreds of steps hewn from the rock. It dominates the whole province of Tondo (now Rizal) and is one of the most picturesque places in the islands. The health and spaciousness of the sanctuary, together with the character of the instruction given by the prior, bring many persons there for convales cence, and youths to pursue their studies. “It is also notable for the famous Fiesta of St. Nicholas of Tolentino. On this saint’s day, September 10, the infidel Chinese, established (in business) in Manila, hold a celebration at Guadalupe. It is very significant to a thought ful man, who knows how to appreciate and value the customs of peoples, to see, on this day, those infidel votaries of the sanctuary arriving in their gayly decorated boats from Manila, whence they attract the entire city. They fetch along the military band and make a thousand prepa rations for the festivities. They form a gala procession at the river and elaborately manifest their veneration for their patron saint.” Buzeta doubted their sincerity; he deplored the fact that their gaming, during three days and nights, and their carousals, polluted their ostensible devotions. San Nicolas district in Manila, notoriously a Chinese quarter, is named for their patron saint. Early in the Christianiza tion of the Philippines, some Chinese, voyaging in a sampan about to capsize in a typhoon, appealed to St. Nicholas to save them, at the same time pledging him their future fealty. So the bargain was struck. Nor was this the only miracle in their benefit. Washings of the Pasig along its western bank in Santa Ana, up the river from the parish church, have recently uncovered relics of an old Chinese burial ground. It was here that their village of San Nicolas existed, and here the celebrated pefia stood— a crocodile turned into stone at the saint’s command. The reptile had pursued a Chinese who was crossing the river at that point. Find ing himself about to be devoured, the celestial 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 appealed to the saint, who cursed the reptile, with results as stated. From this the fame of the saint’s image, then in the village chapel, grew amazingly; and the account of what ensued shows a very human side of the friar’s character. The receipts from the annual fiesta in the saint’s honor were very lucrative, and were equally claimed, says Fray Zuniga, writing about 1805, by the parishes of San Pedro Macati and Guadalupe. The archbishop of Manila settled the matter by ordering the image taken up to the sanctuary, where it should henceforth Guadalupe Before Its Destruction be worshiped, and that the chapel be torn down, the village abandoned and the houses either removed or destroyed. Such grave matters, one perceives, were then held to be within the sole power of the spiritual administration to dispose of; the secular author ities were not consulted, nor did they interfere. Times are changing. More than the secular authorities, the people themselves would now be consulted about the abandonment of a village. Their complaints would have merit in the courts; at the least it would be necessary to reimburse all losses incurred by the government’s order. But it was long ago when San Nicolas on the Pasig was destroyed, back indeed in the days when even Protestant bishops in England had, and exercised, the power of hanging. In a quite striking way, Guadalupe links the past with the present: there was absolute power, but the industrial school for orphans was main tained. “The printing plant,” says Fray Medina, “was bought by the voluntary donation of some religious (friars) through economies practiced in the missions by dint of privations and a life of poverty and mortification. * * * Fray Francisco Mercado, who took his vows in Manila in 1611, gave generous sums to the province from his own funds, showing special favor to the convents of Guadalupe and Bantay.” An other Augustinian (to whom the example of charity is set by St. Augustine himself, who gave the poor the bed on which he died) gave the sanctuary all he ha'd, $1,000 Mex. The image of Our Lady that was in the sanc tuary chapel was a celebrated replica of the one in Guadalupe, Mexico, and the miracles attrib uted to it were innumerable. It was, of course, more famous than the image of St. Nicholas of Tolentino, but both were in the chapel when the revolution of 1896-1898 drove the friars from the provincial missions into Manila or into prison, according to their luck. It is said, even, that the image of Our Lady was still in the chapel when the American troops shelled and burned the place, and that it remained un damaged. Nothing is definitely known of what eventually became of this image and that of St. Nicholas, but the Augustinians believe the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe was taken away by devoted Filipinos, who probably have pre served it as an object of veneration, and that in the same spirit the image of St. Nicholas of Tolentino was taken away by devout Chinese. Quaint legends abound in all regions of the islands. Now that we are in the vicinity, have you heard of the sinful but beautiful creature of merry 17th century days in Manila, Dona Jeronima, the sybarite? No doubt this fabled wanton was a royal governor’s favorite. No doubt, too, boatmen on the river can still point out the cave named after her. Her sumptuous home, where much wickedness took place nightly, stood on an eminence on the opposite bank of the river from Guadalupe, in the outskirts of the town of Pasig. In those days, as well as much later, wealthy Spaniards and highcastes had country places on the river. Such a place was Dona Jeronima’s. Being the woman she was, she of course coveted a luxurious bath: she had workmen hew one out of the live rock at the base of the cliff, and turn the river through it. Down to this Roman pool she had stone steps cut. Dona Jeronima lived her gay day and journeyed on to face the penalty. The river washed endlessly at the hewn rock, giving it in time the appearance of the mouth of a cave instead of a courtesan’s bathing place. Legend at last connected it with the gigantic caves of San Mateo, and awful tales were told of it as the lair of both highwaymen and evil spirits. Dona Jeronima splashes along its slippery caverns, falling on the slimy stones, rising and walking again; and ringing her hands and moaning with remorse for her dissolute life. An old wives’ tale, to curb youth’s too brazen propensities—the prototype of modern sermons on vice.—W. R. Mobiloil Mak the chart your guide Captain Charles A. Lindbergh On His New York To Paris Non-Stop Flight Used Gargoyle Mobiloil “B” Exclusively The Lindbergh New York to Paris Flight marks another great achievement for flying and for a Mobiloil-lubricated plane. Facing great hazards of winds, fog and ocean, Captain Lindbergh could take no chances with faulty lubrication. He chose Gargoyle Mobiloil “B” as the one oil supremely qualified to meet the demands of his Ryan monoplane. So, once again, Gargoyle Mobiloil has played a vital part in history-making adventure. 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Tel. 2-62-65 PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE END OF THE TRAIL—Continued || corner of Nueva Ecija. In vain we told him that the man who hopes to make a fortune over night is the type of man who hopes he can win consistently, overlooking the fact that nobody wins all the time, not even the man engaged in honest endeavor—with money in hand. There are things, too, that even money can not buy: hardships, lessons in experience, the devotion of friends, self-control and the task well done. There is, of course, the pursuit of happiness, but the actual wealth of life comes to but few. Some are happy only when working 18 hours a day; others can loaf through life and enjoy it; others hold to the middle of the road. The main thing is to get a kick out of life, not merely to live as if life were a sodden duty. The end remains the same for all, but achievement counts in the last analysis. One might say that B------was a soldier of fortune. “O dark dividing sea and alien plain, Life was cheap—therefore he sold it; Gold was good, he could not hold it— And now perhaps he knows his loss or gain!” He of course had no flair for life in the bundoks, though his urge was toward the primitive. He would discuss frequently the idea of estab lishing a trading post to barter with the woolyhaired Negritos, aborigines who foraged for a wild livelihood on the mountain border of the plantation overlooking the Pacific. Time and again, when I rode into the dusty decayed town, he welcomed me as a long-lost brother. Only men who have dwelt alone in the far-off places know just what these random visits with men of his own breed meant to B------. The city dweller is ignorant of the frontiers, anyway; he has a world of companionship all the time. But B------had not. Five or six times during a year, some one who spoke his language and hailed from the home-country would ride up to his shack, and stop a while to exchange ideas with him. These were red-letter days with him, irrespective of how the calendar printed them. Sundays and fiesta days he was likely to forget altogether, but not visitor-days. Once I ran across him musing on the banks of the river, el Rio Coronel, of which I told him the history. During the early part of the last century, when the decrepit town was tempo rarily the provincial capital, a colonel of Spanish infantry had paid it a visit of inspection. Com ing down to the ford when the river was in full flood, he would not heed the native ferryman who cautioned him to wait until the flood sub sided. He spurred his mount into the stream, intending to swim across. Half-way to the opposite bank, both he and his horse were struck broadside by a huge tree floating on the crest of the torrent. Knocked unconscious, he tumbled into the stream, where he was grabbed hold of and borne away ahead of the floating tree. He had been seized by a crocodile, one of those 20-foot saurians that infest the inland waters of the Philippines and are most active during freshets, seeking their prey in troubled waters— wherein they show much wisdom. But this particular crocodile, gigantic as he was, could not make a single gulp of the burly colonel; he had to measure his prospective feast by the axiom that the container must be larger than the thing contained, and instinct drove him to pilot his burden along to some convenient sandbar downstream where he might enjoy a meal in leisure. The colonel, who had regained consciousness in the cool waters, was in no position to argue the question with the crocodile, which swam diagonally cross-stream with him. Now the colonel confronted a pre carious situation; he and the crocodile were nearing a sandy islet amidstream, where his end would be swift and sanguinary; turning, therefore, as well as he could, since the animal clamped its jaws the tighter at his least move ment, he reached over vigorously at last and with quick and dexterous thrusts gouged the saurian’s eyes out. With violent lashings the reptile freed him, and grasping the trailing grasses on the bank he pulled himself to safety from the creature’s tail. He was a man of direct action, and evi dently a bear for punishment. The current beyond the islet remained to be crossed, and the colonel plunged into it. Another crocodile seized him before he had swum ten meters, held him submerged by deflating and sinking below the surface, drowned this unfortunate but intrepid official of His Majesty the King, and devoured him afterward. So it came about a century ago that the river got its name of the Rio Coronel, which it retains. By the time this tale had been told, it was time to repair to the shack for a drink and further disquisition on the trading-post project. When B------at last lost his job—the owners, without rhyme or reason, having expected results from a single man that could only have been effected by a series of favorable factors of which supervision was but one—he came back from Manila to open his trading post, barter ing with the Negritos for resins, rattan, beeswax and other such materials. How many white men have tried this since the days of Salcedo, only to encounter misfortune, and death from jungle fever and loneliness? For each success, how many uncounted failures? B------’s supplies included a five-gallon can of vino, for himself. Approaching the divide, his carriers all deserted him; harvest was near at hand and the yellowing rice, irresistible to the native peasant, beckoned the men to the fields. B------, at wit’s end, threw up a grass shelter over his supplies and made his rendezvous with death right there on the trail. It was indeed the end of the trail for him. He camped by the can of vino, and the con sumption of this ad libitum had its result. To this final gargantuan attack his stalwart body at last succumbed. One servant had stood by faithfully, and as the shadows gathered B------sent this boy to the presidente with a request for aid and an appeal to any American who might be in town to come to his relief. I happened to be riding through the town when this message came. The least I could do, of course, was to goto B------. Another Amer ican joined me. The way through the barren plantation ran past grassy ravines opened up by the seasonal floods racing to join the brim ming river and rejoicing in such aboriginal names as Dupunga, Bugnaan, and Aragoog. But that morning there was no rain, the sky was a cerulean blue flecked with a few fleecy clouds drifting in from the Pacific. The thick jungle along the trail was a haven of forest warblers and droning insect life. The day wore on, but greater haste was impossible; nature herself, it seemed, shared the East’s passive resistance. As the sunset flooded radiantly, but fleetingly, over the slopes of Mount Mingan, we topped the divide and began the descent into the valley and the search for the sick man in his grass shelter. We found him at last, and greeted him with a jovial outburst; but it needed no doctor to tell that we could do little good. B-----was about to depart upon his last hike, into those eternal wilds from which no tales come back from the adventurers. Of course we concealed our misgivings, con fining ourselves to cheerful comment on the future of commerce in the province. I am afraid the projected trading post grew miraculously into a great emporium of commerce, and its founder into like reputation and affluence. He was, however, too far gone to eat anything, and we had neglected to bring anything along to drink. The boy hashed up a kind of evening meal, and we two comforters ate alone. After this doleful meal B------became as communicative as ever he was—with nothing to say as to who he really was or where he came from. At in tervals he would lapse into incoherent mutter ings. Then he would expound some obscure point Of religious dogma, to all of which we agreed. My compafiero, who never believed in allowing anything to depress him, now hum med a tune popular in Manila at the time. B------took it up. In those early days I habitually carried music with me in the form of the worthy but ill-esteemed harmonica. At this juncture I essayed to blow a few tunes on the handy instrument. B------responded to this immediate ly. As a favor he asked me to play his favorite songs. So on the night air in the gloomy vale behind G D i O R R Y D O G N I ’s N GET OUT IN GREAT OPEN AIR Snipe Shooting is the Greatest Sport in the World. Get Your Equipment and be ready September 1st. Let us help you. Squires Bingham Co. SPORTSMEN’S HEADQUARTERS MANILA 15 Plaza Goiti Phone 300 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 Mount Banay-Banay, rose the strains of Break the News to Mother, The Blue and the Gray, and The Girl I Left in Sunny Tennessee. B------requesting it, I played these songs over and over again, while the jaded wanderer beat time with a quavering finger. Midnight came and passed. I was still blowing, with sore lips, on that wheezy mouth-organ. The impromptu concert seemed to soothe him with thoughts of other times and the homeland. His boy and our guides and carriers had long since gone to sleep, leaving the situation to us alone. Sud denly the wanderer sat erect, interrupting a repeated rendition of Break the News to Mother. He stretched his arms before him, his face lighted up with a wonderful recognition. “Oh, Mother! Poor Mother!” he whispered. For a moment he appeared to listen to a voice. “Wait, Mother! I am coming!” he repeated, two or three times, and with these words and a glorified smile on his ashen lips he sank back dead. Dead. Dead in the jungle of Nueva Ecija. We had known there was no hope, but the end had come quickly, just like that. Maybe his vision of heaven was realized. Dr. Youngberg’s 1926 Agricultural Report Bureau of Agriculture Comparatively speaking the year under re view was a successful one but less profitable: for while there was an increase of 2% in the total area planted to the leading crops their total value declined .3%, because of the great reduction in sugar cane production, the area planted thereto and the prices commanded. Weather conditions in 1926 were better than in 1925. There were periods of heavy rains and floods alternating with dry periods, but the losses from this source were only 2 per cent of the total area planted in 1926 against 5% in 1925. Plant pests and diseases decreased too, during 1926, the damage done to the crops having been only 1% of the total area planted in 1926 as against 1% the year before. Palay again broke the record this year. The largest crop ever raised before was that for 1925, which was 45,652,600 cavans. The area planted during 1926 was 1,756,Rough Rice 960 hectares and the production 47,780,000 cavans, valued at P204,051,110. The corresponding figures for 1925 were 1,725,500 hectares, 45,652,600 cavans and 1 * 192,179,270, or an increase of 2.5 and 6% respectively. This increase was partly because of a larger area planted and partly because of better weather conditions, the selection of better seeds and in general better methods of farming. Average yield per hectare—27.19 cavans; average price per cavan—P4.30 for 1926, against 26.46 cavans and 1 * 4.20, respectively, for 1925. Adverse weather conditions reduced this crop 3 % in area, 23 % in the production of sugar, 1% in that of panochas and 28% in the value of all sugar cane products, as Sugar Cahe compared with the preceding year. Area planted for 1926— 231,840 hectares; yield—8,195,370 piculs of sugar, 516,020 piculs of panocha, 4,298,790 liters of basi and 5,935,540 liters of molasses, with a total value of 1 * 81,137,140. The coconut crop is steadily increasing every year and in 1926 there were 2,270,930 new trees planted, bringing the total number planted up to 9,908,700, or an increase Coconuts of 2%. Of this number over 59 per cent or 54,650,400 are in bearing as against 53,165,880 in 1925. The average yield of nuts per tree during 1926 was 30, the same as in 1925, but the many new trees that came into bearing increased the crop of nuts 3%, making a total of 1,627,379,000. The yield of tuba was greater during the year by 13% not only because tuba was collected Quien sabe? Whoever he was, he took the secret with him; nothing in his effects told any story of his past. We composed the poor body as well as we could, and kept it company by the fitful fire until the gray dawn streaked the bosom of the Pacific. When the sun flashed into splendor once more, and the woods crickets began their interminable drone, we dug a grave and buried him, placing only a bungled cross at his head. Under this, no doubt, he lies as quietly as if his passing had been marked by an admiring and mourning nation. He had found peace in a land where there were no doctrinal quarrels. A short distance from his grave in the jungle, surges rolling in from the Pacific chant a common requiem for all, and him as well, who sleep within their sound. It is an anthem that has never ceased since the world began. “And they who husbanded the golden grain, And they who flung it to the winds like rain, Alike to no such aureate earth are turned As. buried once, men want dug up again.” from more trees but also because there was more per tree, the production being 99,001,800 liters in 1926 as against 87,252,200 in 1925. Of fresh nuts 34% were sold, the increase being principally on account of the compara tively new industry of making desiccated coconut. Fresh nuts sold during the year for both the desiccated coconut industry and home con sumption—148,759,000 against 110,678,000 in 1925. Increase in copra—1% or 5,780,700 piculs as against 5,726,800 piculs in 1925. The local manufacture of coconut oil, however, was reduced by 10% or 1,787,810 in 1926 as com pared with 1,993,450 in 1925. All five coconut products as well as the nuts commanded higher prices in 1926 than the year before; nuts—1 * 4.00 per 100, copra—1 * 11.28 per picul, coconut oil—I * .47 per liter, and tuba— l* .O9 per liter during 1926, as against 1 * 3.00, 1 * 10.47, 'P.43 and P.08 respectively during 1925. Aggregate value of all products of the coconut 1 * 81,369,370 in 1926 as against P71,847,980 in 1925, an increase of 13%. Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Rizal and Tarlac, the provinces which formerly had the smallest number of trees planted are the ones that registered the highest increase—from 16 to 32%. Both the area planted to abaca and the produc tion increased, but prices were lower. At the end of the year 1926, there were 492,050 Abaca hectares planted to abaca which yielded 3,036,150 piculs as against 477,110 hectares and 2,853,570 piculs in 192 5, an increase of 3 and 6 % respectively. Price per picul—1 * 21.93 in 1926 and P22.53 for 1925. But while production in 1925 was seven piculs the average for 1926 was eight piculs, thus increasing the total value 3%. Davao, Misamis and Lanao had the largest increase in total area planted, 10 to 13%—while for Cavite, Marinduque and Tayabas the area decreased from 22 to 30%. Hectares 533,570 were planted to corn yielding 7,899,730 cavans which sold for 1 * 37,370,300. Iri 1925 there were 522,380 hectares, 7,606,110 cavans and 1’30,767,250, or Corn 2.4 and 21%, respectively, less. The considerable increase in the value of this production was due to a sub stantial rise in the average price which was 1 * 4 per cavan in 1925 and 1 * 4.70 in 1926. Batanes, Sulu, Zambales, Tarlac, Palawan, Rizal, Cotabato and Albay had decreases in the area planted of from 16 to 47%, while Davao, Camarines Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, Agusan and MaThe Philippine Guaranty Company, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance ow rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. Mgr’s. Tel. 2211 Main Office Tel. 441 rinduque had similar increases as compared with 1925. Cebu, Oriental Negros, Leyte, Isabela and Cagayan also registered increases during 1926, their combined area planted being 4% more than in the preceding year. This crop also recorded increases both in the area planted and in the production which were 4 and 8%, respectively, though its total value was a trifle less than that for Tobacco the preceding year because of a drop of nearly 1 * 1.00 per quintal. Area planted in 1926—74,790 hec tares; yield—988,110 quintals; value—1 * 11,943,460, as against 71,630 hectares, 910,810 quintals and 1 * 11,891,590 for 1925. Average price—1 * 12.09 per quintal in 1926, and P13.05 for 1926. Average yield per hectare was the same in both years. The production of this fiber decreased 6% in 1926 as compared with 1925, and in the value of the whole crop 5%, only 427,850 piculs being harvested in 1926, against 456,Maguey 000 piculs the year before. Value—1 * 5,682,530. The area planted is steadily increasing every year, how ever, that for 1926 being 33,350 hectares as against 31,100 in 1925, or an increase of 7%. Average price during 1926—P12.64; for 1925— 1 * 12.46 per picul. These two minor crops also increased in area planted but production of cacao decreased 3%. At the end of the agricultural year 1926, there were 2,029,400 cacao trees Coffee and and 2,515,600 coffee as against Cacao 2,000,300 and 2,335,600 re spectively in 1925. Production of cacao—1,082,700 kilos in 1926 and 1,111,900 in 1925 and of coffee 1,207,300 kilos in 1926 and 1,178,200 kilos in 1925. Values—Pl,119,400 for cacao and P836.700 for coffee during 1926 as against Pl,189,100 and 1 * 836,300 respect ively during 1925. Prices during 1925 and 1926 were Pl.07 and 1 * 1.03 per kilo of cacao and P.71 and P.69 per kilo of coffee respectively. Because of the impossibility of completing the compilation of the data for the year 1926 in the short period elapsing between the end of the year and the date fixed for Livestock presenting this report, the fig ures for animals given here are for the year ending December 31, 1925. In creases in number were registered for all animals during the year 1926 in spite of the fact that for some kinds there were decreases in the rate of birth and for others increases in the rate of mortality. The birth rate for carabaos, hogs, goats and sheep increased 2.1%, 3.5, 3.6 and 1.3 respectively, while that for cattle and horses fell 2.6 and 3.9 respectively. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 With the exception of hogs and goats there was an improvement as to diseases, the rate of mortality declining .5% for carabao, .8% for cattle, .6% for horses and .3% for sheep, but it increased by .3% for hogs and .8% for goats. Meat consumption increased by 1.2% for carabao and decreased for cattle 1.7%, for horses 1%, for hogs .2%, for goats .4% and for sheep .5%. The total expenditures for 1926 were 1 * 1,397,659.41 as against 1’1,394,164.72 for the previous year, an increase of 1 * 3,494.69. The total Clearing a Philippine Plantation THE EFFECT OF GOLD MOVEMENTS So long as gold was continuing to flow to our shores and our fund of credit was being constantly replenished in this way, the expansion in bank credit could go on without taxing the market’s income was 1 * 274,251.46 as Expenditures against 1 * 386,771.47, a decrease and Income of 1’112,520.01. The total net cost of running the Bureau during the year 1926 was 1’1,123,407.95 as against 1’1,007,393.25 or an increase of 1’116,014.70. The total expenditure per capita was 1’.1154 while of the pseceding year it was l’.U76. The total net expenditure per capita, that is, deducting the income, was 1’.09277. For 1925 it was l’.085. resources. Recently, however, the gold move ment has been against us by a substantial amount. On May 12 the Federal reserve banks reported the earmarking of a large sum of gold for a foreign correspondent, generally under stood to be the Bank of France. This sum, though unannounced officially, was indicated in Treasury figures to be approximately $90,000,000. Later, during the week of June 22, a Luzon Brokerage Go. Derham Building Port Area SPACE for RENT OFFICES Automobiles by Month General Merchandise Bonded Cargo Rates Reasonable Furnished on Application Tel. 2-24-21 Available now—should be in big demand soon! TAKE ADVANTAGE decrease from $62,233,000 to $40,333,000 shown in the Federal reserve statement in the item “gold held abroad” indicated the further disposal of approximately $22,000,000 additional gold, presumably also to the Bank of France. Both of these movements, involving in all about $112,000,000, though conducted in such a way as to avoid disturbance in the money market here, are equivalent » gold exports and indicate that the tide of the gold movement has recently been against us. —National City Bank: Current Report. Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 302 Port Area IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 The Light that burns THE intense tropical glare burns out the retina, the sensitized film at the back of the eye. That is why looking away from a glaring window, or a brilliant sunset, we are blinded for a few moments until the blood can renourish and resensitize the retina. CLARK 8b CO. “EZITINT” and “CROOKES” lenses absorb the harmful light rays and give easy comfortable vision. Always the best in quality but never higher in price upon the truant, but he got through a hole in the boards and was safe. There was nothing for the cat to do but to return empty-handed to where the dog awaited her. She slowly descended from the attic, the dog asked her where the petition was, and she made a clean breast of everything. Where upon the dog, who after all was but a casual guest in the house, and quite uninvited, grew angry; and he and the cat began to quarrel. The dog insisted the cat should return the pe tition to him; again and again the cat explained what had happened and that the sneaking mouse, not she, was to blame for everything. Meanwhile the dogs were all waiting in the forest. Days, weeks and years passed, but their ambassador did not return. He was afraid to return, without having presented his petition nor obtained an answer from the king of man kind, so at last he had committed suicide—de spairing of a solution to his predicament. But the dogs believed, indeed they still believe to this day, that their ambassador was a traitor. So that when two dogs meet they show their teeth, they are still looking for the dog whom they sent with the petition to the king of men; and the innocent, of course, wish to prove their loyalty to the tribe. The dog and cat are for ever quarreling, about the petition, and the cat hates the mouse, the real cause of all this trouble and the never-ending feud. The Ancient Cause of An Eternal Squabble By Victoria Estrada NOTE.—This remarkable fable was prepared for publication in the June issue of the JOURNAL, from which the exigencies of space compelled its omission until the present issue. It is from the ethnographic collection of Dr. H. Otley Beyer, head of the department of anthropology and ethnology, University of the Philippines, College of Liberal Arts. By Dr. Beyer's patient work in anthropology and allied sciences the Philippines past is being accurately reconstructed, a boon which is destined to prove invaluable to the islands and to the world. For much other material occasionally published, as well as informed counsel, the JOURNAL js indebted to Dr. Beyer. Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made.—ED. Long, long ago, when the lower animals were not yet deprived of their faculty of speech, an antipathy existed between the men and the dogs. The dogs organized a society for the purpose of protecting themselves against the aggressive attitude and harsh treatment men visited upon them. They held their meeting in a forest, where they elected officers and discussed all matters that pertained to their general welfare. Several dogs complained of the ill treatment they had received from their masters. The dogs wishing to put an end to such cruelties, the griev ances were duly weighed and the chairman ap pointed a committee to investigate matters. The committee decided that a resolution should be sent to the king of men for redress of the dogs’ grievances., and the meeting passed the resolution unanimously. After the petition had been signed by all the dogs, decision had to be made as to who should take the document to the king. An old dog who commanded universal respect was selected for this ambassadorial duty. Choice fell upon him for two reasons. Having no teeth, he could easily be distinguished from other dogs, and the petition, carried in his mouth, would not be torn. Early next morning the ambassador dog left the forest meeting to go to the city of men, the capital where the king resided. He had WELCH - FAIRCHILI), LTD. SUGAR FACTORS AND EXPORTERS Agents Hawaiian - Philippine Company Operating Sugar Central Silay, Occ. Negros, P. I. Mindoro Sugar Company San Jost, Mindoro, P. I. MANILA, P. I. Cable Address: WEHALD, Manila Standard Codes gone a long way when he chanced to pass a house where the singing and laughing told him a jovial festival was in progress. He suspected a wedding, and of course a feast. So he decided to rest a while at the house and to steal a chance to appease his hunger. With the scroll still, in his mouth he climbed up the stairs, but he encountered a cat on the landing. He requested this cat to keep the scroll for him while he sought something to eat. Now. the cat was mistress of the house, she was very busy attending to all her guests. She took the petition, however, but having no time to tuck it away in her bedroom chest she hid it away in the attic until she should be more at leisure. Then the incident slipped her memory. In the afternoon, just before sunset, the dog came to the cat and asked for the scroll he had given her to keep for him. Then the cat re membered. She climbed hurriedly up to the attic, but found only some bits of paper scat tered about. She turned them about in her paws and found that they were the precious petition. While she was standing perplexed before the little heap of torn paper, she saw a mouse dart stealthily across the attic floor. She at once concluded that it was the mouse who had done the mischief. She tried to pounce New York Agents: Welch, Fairchild & Co., Inc. 13S Front Street San Francisco Agents: Welch & Co., 2IS Market Street FOR SALE Second Hand Machinery One Alternator, 250 KW; 2200 volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase, direct connected to cross compound Hamilton-Corliss Engine 12-24X36; with generator panel and rheostat. Two 100 KW Alternators; 2200 volts; 60 cycle, 3 phase; belted, 18” pulley; direct connected exciters; with gen erator panels. Two Venn-Severin Crude Oil Engines, 60 H.P. each. One Worthington surface condenser, 400 H.P. One Scotch Marine Boiler, 400 H.P. 50—100-kilo Ice cans; new. (Knocked down.) 4 Galvanized steel brine tanks; 2500 kilo capacity each; ammonia fittings. Steam pipe and fittings up to 10”. Tube bender for sterling boiler tubes. Tube cleaner, Lagonda, water driven, for 4” tubes; with extra parts, new. Steam and Oil separator. Steam Traps. Marine Engines: (1 Union, 50 H.P., distillate) (1 Quayle, ?5-35 H.P., cr.ude oil.) Meters, Electric, Transformers. For Prices, etc.. Apply BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu or Iloilo IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 SHIPPING NOTES SHIPPING REVIEW By II. M. CAVENDER General Agent, Th. Rob. rt Dollar Comimny The condition of the freight market in the Philippines during the period since our last report carried with it the feeling of stability and firmness. In all directions, particularly so to United Kingdom and Continental ports, the market quite readily absorbed the better part of the normal tonnage on the berth. This is interesting when placed in contrast with the anticipated position during the coming period. Owners fully expect August to be very slack and during the past several weeks have been seeking cargo from other Far Eastern ports for tonnage normally employed with Philippine exports. Owners hold out for only light cargoes until November. Two seasonal sugar fixtures were reported at $7.50 per 2240 lbs. N. W. D. The quantity involved amounted THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK ■ LTD. =^^==^== (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund . . . . 92,500,000.00 Undivided Profits .... 6,142,357.99 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 1759—MANAGER PHONE 1758—GENERAL OFFICE to about 65,000 tons for shipment from Iloilo to U. S. North Atlantic Ports. There were no changes in rates of freight of any significance, rates remaining firm. Passenger travel, • unlike the movement of freight, fell off appreciably. This was to be expected as each year there is a noticeable decline during the months July to November inclusive. Steerage travel is particularly af fected during that period owing to heavy rains which make it difficult to reach Manila and the need of labor in the provinces to carry through the planting season. During July a total of 2447 passengers, all classes, are reported to have departed from the Philippines (first figure represents cabin pas sengers, second figure steerage): To China and Japan 278^460; to Honolulu 14-1180; to Pacific coast 113-335; to Singapore 36-0; to Euiope and miscellaneous ports 31-0. Filipino emigration during the month to Honolulu in creased materially, while the movement to the Pacific coast decreased considerably. The com parison shows: Honolulu, June 734—July 1180; Pacific coast, June 789—July 335. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, there were exported from the Philippines during the month of June, 1927: To China and Japan ports 10,240 tons, with a total of 41 sailings, of which 5,677 tons were carried in American bottoms with 15 sailings; to Pacific coast for Local Delivery 22,605 tons with 11 sailings, of which 22,562 tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sailings; to Pacific Coast for Transhipment 2,313 tons with 10 sailings, of which 2,229 tons were carried in American bottoms with 9 sailings; to Atlantic Coast, 61,998 tons with 16 sailings, of which 24,954 tons were carried in American bottoms with 5 sailings; to European ports, 13,376 tons with 15 sailings, of which 168 tons were carried in American bottoms with 2 sailings; to Australian ports, 537 tons with 4 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none, or a Grant Total of 111,069 tons with 97 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 55,590 tons with 41 sailings. It is reported that negotiations are in progress for the purchase by private interests of forty freighters belonging to the Shipping Board, not including fourteen which are laid up, of which latter five are in Lake Union at Seattle. The forty include eight vessels operated by the Admiral Oriental Line and twenty-two operated by Swayne & Hoyt, all out of the Sound. The other ten are operated by the Columbia Pacific Shipping Company out of Portland, Ore. As far as is known there are no Sound nego tiators. The Columbia Pacific is considered as a possible purchaser and the Fleischhaker interests of San Francisco as the other. Coast buyers, however, want permission to operate to points not now on the Shipping Board list and to eliminate those restrictions which would force them to continue calls at various ports now made by these ships. The Shipping Board desires to have this restriction extend for the next ten years to come, but a strong minority thinks a five year guarantee in this respect sufficient. The tonnage considered is upward of 375,000. Very often the United States Shipping Board and the Merchant Fleet Corporation (formerly the Emergency Fleet Corporation) are confused in our dealings with Government ships. The United States Shipping Board was created by the Shipping Act of 1916, the preamble of which was as follows: “An Act to establish a United States Shipping Board for the purpose of encouraging, developing, and creating a naval auxiliary and naval reserve and a merchant marine, to meet the requirements of the commerce of the United States with its Territories and possessions and with foreign countries”. The members of the board are appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the United States Senate, for a term of six years. The Shipping Board is charged with regulatory supervision of the maritime shipping activities of the United States, both governmentally and privately owned and operated. The board is empowered by the Shipping Act to create such corporations and agencies as it may deem neces sary properly to perform the functions and duties assigned to it by law. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 The Emergency Fleet Corporation was created by the United States Shipping Board under the provision of Section 11, Shipping Act of 1916. The name of this corporation was changed to the Merchant Fleet Corporation in the Appro priation Act for the fiscal year 1928. The cor poration is incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia. The Board of Trustees is composed of the President, Vice President, and five other officials of the Corporation. The Merchant Fleet Corporation acts for and on behalf of the United States Shipping Board as an active agency in the operation of ships and development and maintenance of trade routes, to meet the requirements and to aid in the growth of the commerce of the United States and its Territories. From the foregoing explanations it is plain that The United States Shipping Board is a regulatory body, while The Merchant Fleet Corporation is an active agency operating ships owned by the United States Government. From statistics prepared by the Statistical Division, Merchant Fleet Corporation, released March 1, 1927, we learn that the total value of United States exports to Japan during the fiscal year 1926 was $254,500,000; to China $121,400,000; to the Dutch East Indies and Straits Settlements $26,000,000 and to the Philippine Islands $64,000,000; while imports to the United States from these same regions were, from China $164,200,000, Japan $405,600,000, from Straits Settlements and Dutch East Indies $555,000,000 and from the Phil ippine Islands $109,000,000. The important part in Far Eastern trade with the United States played by the Philippine Islands is most apparent from the reflection of these figures. Senator Villanueva, personally affected by the recent strikes in the Bais, Oriental Negros, sugar district, is trying to have the constabulary probed on grounds of exceeding its authority. SHIPPING PERSONALS R. J. Tozer, who succeeded E. E. Nelson as assistant general passenger agent of the Northern Pacific at Seattle, took up his new duties the first of June. Mr. Tozer formerly was Northern Pacific General Agent in the Far East. J. W. Huck, until recently general agent for the Great Northern Railway in the Far East, with headquarters at Shanghai, accompanied by Mrs. Huck, arrived in the Philippines the early part of July. It is understood Mr. and Mrs. Huck intend to make their residence in Manila. E. C. Bogle, assistant comptroller for The Manila to Ne w York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig & von Knobelsdorff Agents 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 Robert Dollar Company in the Orient, with headquarters at Shanghai, arrived in Manila July 7 aboard the S S President Lincoln and spent three weeks here on business for his com pany. Mr. Bogle sailed July 29 aboard the S S President Madison for Hongkong, where he will spend two weeks before proceeding on to Shanghai. Williamstown Institute has been discussing the Philippines, the round-table discussions being led by Ralston Hayden of the University of Michigan. A number of absurd plans of public administration for the islands have been proposed, none worth mentioning seriously. Two articles on the Philippines appear in the August number of the Review of Reviews. Walter Wilgus writes one, Vicente Villamin the other. AMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports SAILING ONCE A WEEK TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS ROUND THE WORLD Sailings every fortnight President Adams - Aug. 19 President Garfield - Sept. 2 President Harrison Sept. 16 President Monroe - Sept. 30 President Wilson - Oct. 14 President Van Buren - Oct. 28 President Hayes - Nov. 11 VICTORIA AND SEATTLE via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, and Yokohama SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS 24 Calle David MANILA Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By T. H. Smith Vice-President and General Manager, Macleod Company This report covers the markets for Manila Hemp for the month of July with statistics up to and including August 1st, 1927. U. S. Grades: At the opening of the month shipping houses were offering moderately in New York D, 17-1/2 cents; E, 16-5/8 cents; F, 16 cents; G, 10 cents; H, 9-1/2 cents; I, 141/4 cents; JI, 11-1/2 cents; SI, 15-7/8 cents; S2, 13-3/4 cents; S3, 12 cents; market being fairly steady but business being only of a retail character. Sellers became more reserved in their offerings towards the middle of July with asking prices basis F, 16-1/4 cents; I, 14-3/8 cents; JI, 11-1/2 cents. The reserve of sellers quickly brought buyers into the market and the last week of the month has reflected a firm market in the U. S. although there has not been much activity. At the close shipping houses were offering a fair quantity of hemp basis F, 16-7/16 cents; I, 14—5/8 cents; JI, 11-7/8 cents without finding buyers. The local market for U. S. grades has ruled steady to firm throughout the month, arrivals being readily absorbed by export houses as they came in. Early July there were buyers E, 1’39; F, 1 * 37.4; G, 1 * 22; H, 1 * 21; I, 1’32.4; JI, 1 * 25.6; SI, 1’36.4; S2, P31.4; S3, 1 * 26. Scarcity of offerings and competition in buying by export houses advanced prices gradually by mid July to E, 1’39.4; F, 1 * 38; G, 1 * 22; H, 1’21; I, 1 * 33.2; JI, 1 * 26.4; SI, 1 * 37.4; S2, 1’32.4; S3, P26.4. During the last two weeks of July market showed a further steady appre ciation in values on steady buying by practically all the houses. At the close there were general buyers E, 1’40.4; F, 1 * 39; G, 1 * 22.2; H, I‘21.2; I, 1 * 34; JI, 1 * 27; SI, 1 * 38; S2, 1 * 33.4; S3, P27. Cadwallader Gibson Lumber Company HUNTING IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS—WHERE TO GO AND WHY NOT (Concluded from page 7) Philippine Woods Quality First United States Headquarters Cadwallader-Gibson Co. 3628 Mines Ave. Los Angeles, California and is best stalked at daylight or dusk. In the open hills a high powered field glass would be very useful to locate them on the hill sides. They are best hunted on the west side of Min doro as that side is grassy while the east side is quite well covered with timber and second growth. The open season on tamarao corresponds with that on deer and not more than one may be taken by one person annually. Heads and hides which are worth mounting require more care in the tropics than in colder countries. They should be thoroughly fleshed. The skulls may be fleshed by leaving them in water for three or four days. The hides should be well salted and sprinkled with alum. Arsenic soap rubbed into the tender places is well worth while. Hoofs may be treated with formaline by soaking them in the solution a few hours. There are taxidermists in Manila who do very creditable work. Our duck shooting now is largely a disappoint ment. There are usually great rafts of blue bills on Laguna de Bay, but shooting from motor boats has made them so wary that they will not decoy even in the early part of the season. We hope to correct this before the next season. A caution or two may be in order for visitors. First, don’t omit your mosquito bar from your baggage; and second, don’t fail to use it. Slight wounds are frequently infected and should be treated every night. Carry Iodex and keep it handy. Boil your drinking water to avoid dysentery. And last but not least, treat your native hunters at least as well as you would treat your dogs at home and they will return your kindness many fold. U. K. Grades: London market opened on the dull side with an unsettled market owing to “Bear” operations in the more distant positions, values for July-Sept, shipment being about J2, £43.10; K, £42.10; LI, £41.10; L2, £40.10; Ml, £40; M2, £37.10 with distant positions at £1 per ton discount. Market at mid July ruled steady without much activity. The latter part of the month a firmer market developed in U. K., there being buyers at the close J2, £44; K, £43; LI, £41.10; L2, £41; Ml, £41; M2, £37.10 Aug.-Sept, shipment. Local market for U.K. grades has been firm throughout the month being fairly well supported, by Japanese demand in addition to the support experienced from European sources. At the opening of July values in Manila were J2, 1 * 21.2 ; K, 1’20.4; LI, 1 * 19.6; L2, 1’18.6; Ml, 1 * 18.2; M2, 1 * 17.4; DL, P16.4; DM, 1 * 13; Mid July parcels were changing hands at J2, P21.4; K, 1 * 20.6; LI, 1 * 20.2; L2, 1 * 19.6; Ml, P19.2; M2, 1 * 17.4; DL, P17; DM, 1 * 14 for early del ivery. On scarcity of arrivals market advanced still further until at the close of July business was passing J2, P21.4; K, P21; LI, P20.2 to P20.4; L2, P19.4 to P19.6; Ml, P19.2 to 1 * 19.4; M2, P17.4 to P18 for early delivery. Single grades have changed hands throughout the month at substantial premiums over prices paid for parcels. High grade hemp of approved quality con tinues scarce. Freight Rates: Freight Rates remain with out change. Statistics: We give below figures for the period extending from July 5th to August 1st, 1927, in bales: 1927 1926 Stocks on January 1st. .. . 112,382 153,181 Receipts to Aug. 1st......... 742,106 772,974 Stocks on Aug. 1st............ 138,552 191,492 Shipments To the— To Aug. 1, 1927 Hales United Kingdom............. 194,979 Continent of Europe.. . . 78,363 Atlantic U. S.................. 152,895 U. S. via Pacific............. 77,182 Japan................................ 150,793 Elsewhere and Local.. . . 61,724 up. 2, 1926 150,292 102,046 200,402 92,060135,931 53,932 715,936 734,663THE SITUATION IN COTTON GOODS The cotton goods industry continues its demonstration of a remarkable comeback. A year ago this industry was in the depths of discouragement, with several years of poor business behind, and apparently little to look forward to in the immediate future. Then came the drop in raw cotton which proved to be the spark that has given it renewed life. With raw cotton down to 12 cents a pound, as compared with 20 to 25 cents before last year’s big crop, merchants everywhere began to regain confidence both in the raw material and in cotton goods, and to replenish stocks which had been allowed to run down to the minimum. As cotton has crept upward in price this Spring, confidence has grown, and hand-to-mouth buying of cotton goods has given way in many instances to for ward ordering, and many mills are now well sold ahead for the first time in years. This decided recovery of activity is strik ingly shown in the statistics of the industiyConsumption of raw cotton by domestic mills has reached record breaking levels, exceeding the totals of a year previous in every month since July, 1926, while for the cotton year to date the total shows an increase of 495,342 bales. The figures on spindle activity have shown over-time operations in every month since November, 1926, and at the end of May were at the rate of 109 per cent of single shift capacity, compared with 88.9 per Cent on the corresponding date of 1926. —National City Bank: Current Report. IN RESPONDING ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. MEYER Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw Leaf: The re duction in exports is due to decreased ship ments to Spain and the temporary elimination of France as a buyer. Larger orders have been placed by Japan, part of which being destined for transhipment to Korea. Judging from present indications, the Cagayan and Isabela crops appear to be in ferior to last year’s in quantity as well as quality. In view of this fact the market in local grades of previous crops has been showing some activity. Leaf Tobacco and Scrap. Kilos. 1,442 12,630 11,489 25,116 55,526 422,020 875,196 7,517 78,877 Australia.............................................. China.................................................... Germany.............................................. Holland................................................ Hongkong.'........................................... Japan and Korea............................... Spain.................................................... Straits Settlements............................. United States..................................... 1,489,813 Cigars: Shipments to the United States during July show some improvement, though still behind the figure for the corresponding period of 1926. Due to the enforcement of con siderably increased duty and tax rates, origin ally scheduled to become effective August 1st, now extended to September 1st, exports to Shanghai were greatly increased during July. The enactment of the exorbitant tax rates will seriously endanger the future development of the Manila cigar business with Shanghai. So far the protests of the Consular Body and Com mercial Associations have availed nothing. Comparative figures for the cigar trade with the United States are as follows: July 1927, 14,664,998; June 1927, 9,318,910; July 1926, 14,727,808. COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. SEIDENSPINNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation COPRA Excepting spots, the local market for copra has been uninteresting during the month of July. Early in the month, there was con siderable bullish senti ment demonstrated by some of the local mills, and as a result a fair volume of trading in Bodega Resecada Copra passed at P13.625 for forward delivery. There was nothing in foreign markets to justify the improvement at Manila, and any optimism felt as to a possible upward movement in copra undoubtedly comes from comparatively small supplies of copra in the provinces of Laguna and Tayabas. While this latter condition is bound to have its effect on the Manila market up to possibly November-De cember this year, at the same time we caution against a bullish copra perspective, for all other local sources of supply are being well maintained with the possible exception of Mindanao. The same applies to South Sea Island production, and as far as we are able to learn, stocks of copra as well as supplies of competing oil seeds are more than sufficient for consumers’ requirements. Total Manila arrivals for the month of July were 262,097 bags, which was approximately 48,000 bags less than July, 1926. Notwithstand ing, total arrivals for the first seven months of 1927 were 1,630,749 bags as compared with 1,434,843 bags for the same period of 1926, showing an increase of 195,906 bags. Both the London and U. S. markets have eased grad ually during the month and on the date of this report are quoted: San Francisco, Buyers 5 cents; Sellers, 5-1/16 cents to 5-1/8 cents. London-Cebu, £25/15; F.M.M., £25/5. Manila, Buen Corriente, 1 * 11.50; Resecada, P12.75 to 1’13.00. COCONUT OIL The West Coast U. S. market for this item for the month of July was entirely a buyer’s market, fluctuating between 8-1/8 cents and 8-1/4 cents f.o.b. tank cars for the entire month. At these figures practically all of the business was done by U. S. mills, the East Coast market of North Coast Limited “One of America's Fine Trains” shows you the Cascade Mountains, the Rocky Moun tains and the Mission Range by daylight. From the main line of the Northern Pacific, travelers see 28 ranges of mountains, and the train rolls along 1406 miles of rivers—pictures of “startling beauty” all the way. The “North Coast Limited” is a new train—new engines one-third of a block long! New Pullmans, new observation cars, wonderful new type dining cars. We Meet All Boats at Victoria and Seattle A. D. Charlton, G. P. A., Po> Oro. R. J. Tozer, A. G. P. A., Seattle, Wash. W. H. Jaynes, G. A., Vancouver, B. C. E. E. Blackwood, G. A„ Victoria, B. C. Northern Pacific Railway (13S) “First of the Northern Transcontinentals” the United States moving between 8-3/8 cents and 8-1/2 cents c.i.f. affording a better outlet for Philippine Crushers. With the still heavy surplus of cottonseed oil and normal supply of other competing fats and oils there seems little possibility of improved prices for sometime to come. Our latest advices show all markets dull at the following quotations: San Francisco, 8-1/8 cents f.o.b. tank cars; New York, 8-3/8 cents c.i.f.; London, £28 nominal; Manila, P.36-1/2 to P.37 per kilo. COPRA CAKE Quite a fair amount of trading in this item was recorded for July almost entirely for Ham burg. During the early days of the month sales were made at £8 and with strong buying pres sure, the market advanced to a recorded high of £8/10from which it has now reacted to £8/5 and was so quoted on July 31st. Local mills continue to be well sold up and materially lower prices at Manila are not expected for the time being. Latest cables: San Francisco, $32.00 nominal; Hamburg, £8/5; Manila, Buyers, P55.00 to P56.00; Sellers, P56.00 to P58.00. Manila, P. I., August 5, 1927. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 REAL ESTATE By P. D. CARMAN San Juan Heights Addition The total JanuaryJuly inclusive for 1926 was 1’8,052,132, whereas the total this year to date is only 1 * 6,757,365. (Note: figures in these reports are in even pesos, 50 centavos or over being entered as one peso and less than 50 centavos ignored.) Sta. Cruz..................... Malate.......................... Paco.............................. Sampaloc...................... Ermita.......................... Tondo........................... Sta. Ana....................... San Nicolas.................. Binondo........................ Quiapo.......................... Intramuros................... San Miguel.................. Pandacan..................... Sta. Mesa..................... Sales City of Manila 1927 July 1927 108,907 1’ 136,468 52,725 319,318 27,776 44,397 315,666 85,741 100,569 84,300 66,082 104,094 130,600 24,390 13,001 12,500 185,000 35,535 79,080 10 3,010 6,250 4,100 1’ 894,398 P 1,045,121 The smallest July business since 1923 1919 ....................... 1,103,369 1920 ....................... 882,695 1921 ....................... 480,105 1922 ....................... 1,029,019 1923 ....................... 717,859 1924 ....................... 975,450 1925 ....................... 1,635,527 1926 ....................... 1,843,930 1927 ....................... 894,398 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill /J ' Prices remain about the same with little likelihood of increase. Palay at terminal points averaging 1’3.45 with rice at consuming centers at 1 * 7.80 per cavan and sack respectively. The total estimated 19261927 crop is approxi mately 2,135,000 tons of clean rice, the largest crop ever harvested in the islands. Rice from the United States raised by exten sive machine methods is flowing into Japan which imports 4,000,000 lbs. from California. This is grown by the use of machinery, and California has a lower general average yieid than the Phil ippines. It can be continued only so long as land is cheap, but where congested oriental centers obtain with land producing intensively it is not so much a matter of cost as it is of actual conditions. Japanese duties of one yen per picul have been lifted, as subsistence needs are vital to that coun try in spite of their reported highest average yield in the world per hectare. Approximately 40% of the Japanese product is mixed with the imported article to give it more palatable qual ities. The California crop is 126 million lbs. of paddy from 62,000 hectares, or approximately 21 cavans to the hectare. Three times this amount is produced by hand labor where cir cumscribed land conditions prevail. It is also worthy of note that the recent up heaval in China has called for increased importa tions estimated for the last nine months at 13,143,186 piculs. Hankow alone increased its importations from 221,233 to 1,811,925 piculs. Unstable conditions show adverse trade balances. It is not expected that there will be any appre ciable advance in Philippine rice prices as before mentioned. The coming crop has been some what retarded by lack of sufficient moisture for planting. This no doubt will be remedied during the next thirty days. RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By M. D. Royer Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company The following com modities were received in Manila June 26 to July 25, 1927, both in clusive, via Manila Railroad: 1927 July Rice, cavans.................... 275,750 Sugar, piculs.................... 18,816 Tobacco, bales................. 37,300 Copra, piculs................... 120,500 Coconuts........................... 1,022,000 Lumber, B.F.................... 523,800 Desiccated coconuts, cases 12,382 June 282,000 10,752 13,400 88,512 2,595,600 421,200 26,268 IN TIMES LIKE THESE Use LIFEBUOY HEALTH SOAP SOLD EVERYWHERE with dysentery quite common, with several cases of typhoid fever daily, and with a threat of cholera pending, it is wise to take proper precautions. LIFEBUOY Soap in your home will make short work of dangerous germs which may be present. Use it for all toilet purposes for infants, for children and for adults. This health soap will give you excellent protection in your home. Get a supply today Smith, Bell & Company, Limited PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTORS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 THE SITUATION IN GERMANY In the second half of 1926 industrial condi tions in Germany made pronounced recovery from the depression which had set in about the middle of 1925. The stimulus given to the German coal industry by the British coal strike was a factor, but the increasing supplies of new capital from foreign loans and German savings were more important, for they stimulated en terprise, diminished unemployment and improved the condition of the industries. Apparently the so-called “rationalization” of industry, by which is meant reorganization and consolidation upon a more economical basis, has accomplished substantial results. It is certain that German business passed through a dr.astic experience in 1925-6, from which it emerged in a higher state of efficiency. By January, 1927, industry was in practically full swing, and down to this time the signs are that the year 1927 will make a very satisfactory record. Don’t waste money: Use our free service REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Stanley Williams Manager International Banking Corporation. Telegraphic transfers on New York were quoted at 1% premium to 1-1/8% premium on June 30th with buyers at 3/4% premium and the market was un changed on this basis throughout the month of July. Sterling cables were quoted at 2,'0-7/16 sellers and 2/0-9/16 buyers on June 30th and the market was unchanged at this level throughout July. Bill rates were also unchanced throughout the month at 2/1-1/16 for three months sight credit bills and 2/1—3/16 for three months sight docu ments against payment bills. The New York London crossrate closed on June 30th at 485-5/8, which rate also obtained on July 1st, 2nd and Sth and proved to be the high rate for the month. The low rate for July was 485-3/8 on the 23rd and this market closed on July 30th at 485-9/16. London Bar Silver closed at 26-1/16 spot and forward on June 30th and the market remained fairly steady throughout July with a low rate of 25-13/16 spot and forward on July 7th and a high rate of 26-1/4 spot and forward on July 20th. The closing rate on July 30th was 26-1/16 spot and forward. New York Bar Silver closed at 56-1 2 on June 30th, touched a low of 56 on July 7th and a high of 56-3/4 on July 19th, 20th, 23rd, 25th and 30th, the latter being the closing business day of the month. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted nominally at the close on July 30th as follows: Paris, 12.25; Madrid, 173-3/4; Sin gapore, 114—1/4; Japan, 95-5/8; Shanghai, 79-1/2; Hongkong, 99-3'8; India, 136; Java, 122-1/2. JULY SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild Express Pick-up and Delivery Service The MANILA RAILROAD EXPRESS TRUCKS furnish free PICK-UP SERVICE for BAGGAGE or EXPRESS SHIPMENTS to be transported outbound over the Railroad. Those desiring to avail themselves of this SERVICE may do so by giving the necessary instructions to the billing clerk at the EXPRESS OFFICE or Calling up Telephone 4-97-75 or 4-98-61. ECONOMY, CONVENIENCE and SATISFACTION are the outstanding features of this SERVICE. This is one of the FACILITIES offered by the MANILA RAILROAD for the accommodation of its PATRONS. For this SERVICE a Fleet of EXPRESS TRUCKS is operated by the COMPANY to make home deliveries of BAGGAGE and EXPRESS SHIPMENTS within the Manila City Limits and to designated districts within the municipalities of PASAY and SAN JUAN DEL MONTE, Rizal, at low RATES. MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY 943 AZCARRAGA MANILA, P. I. New York Market (Spot): The depression in the American sugar market reported in the previous month contin ued during the period under review. The effect of the announce ment at the beginning of the month by Licht, the eminent statistician, that there was a fur ther increase of 2-1/2 per cent in the Euro pean beet crop, was manifested in the weakness of the market during, the first week, with spot quotations for Cubas at 2-3/4 cents c. and f., equivalent to 4.52 cents 1. t. for Philippine centrifugals. The American sugar market became steadier at the close of the first week, evidently as a result of the heavy buying of Cubas to the extent of 50,000 tons by European purchasers and, on the 8th, small sales were made at 2-13/16 cents c. and f. (4.59 cents 1. t.), while on the 11th, sales for present shipments of Cubas were effected at 2-7 '8 cents c. and f. (4.65 cents 1. t.), being the peak for the month. Thereafter, on account of the pressure to sell by holders, the market became easier and at the close of the second week there were sellers but no buyers at 2-25/32 cents c. and f. (4.55 cents 1. t.). With the poor demand for refined, prices further declined to 2-3/4 cents c. and f. (4.52 cents 1. t.) during the third week and to 2-11/16 cents c. and f. (4.46 cents 1. t.) during the last week. At the close of the month under review the American sugar market showed better tone, sales of Cubas for present shipment having been made to refiners at 2-3/4 cents c. and f. (4.52 cents 1. t.). This improvement is apparently caused by the rumors of restrictions of the new Cuban crop. It would seem from the foregoing that the American sugar market has become very sen sitive, with the “Bears” having the upper hand, notwithstanding the continuous improvement in the statistical position. The present visible stocks are 3,064,000 tons as compared with 3,623,000 tons at the same time in 1926, or a decrease of 559,000 tons. Stocks in the Atlantic Coast are 215,000 tons against 317,617 tons for the same period in 1926, or a decrease of 102,617 tons; in Cuba the stocks are 1,030,000 tons compared with 1,218,299 tons in 1926, or a decrease of 188,299 tons. Since it appears that the main reason for the present market depression is the fear for a large European beet crop, it would be interesting to note the following opinion of an eminent author ity in New York on this factor: IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1297 “There is just one ‘Bearish’ feature in the whole sugar situation. As one of our friends expressed it, ‘The European crop may be 1,500,000 tons more than last year.’ If so, Europe would produce a crop of approximately 8,400,000 tons. As Licht changes his acreage figures so frequently, it is necessary to revise the calculation of the sugar per hectare yield of the different European countries just as frequently. According to his latest figures, the crop of 1926-1927 turned out as follows: “Hectares..................................... 2,120,415 “Sugar—Tons.............................. 6,898,000 “Tons per Ha............................. 3.25 “It might be interesting to take the mini mum and maximum yields per hectare of the different European countries and apply them to Licht’s latest acreage figures: 1922 to 1926 Yield ' Yield “1927-1928 estimated Ha.......................... 2,420,000 “Tons per Hectare... 2.62 3.41 “Tons—Sugar........... 6,331,080 8,252,020 “If every country in Europe had in 1927 the maximum yield of sugar per hectare, as shown by the outturn of the crops of 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, and 1926, the crop would be 8,252,000 tons, or 1,354,000 tons more than last year. Assuming that Licht’s acreage figures are approximately correct, this would be a virtual impossibility, because perfect crop conditions never prevail throughout all of Europe, at least they never have yet. In 1921, when most of the European countries had very poor yields, Holland and Belgium made respectively 5.04 tons of sugar per hectare, and 5.39. That Europe may make a million tons more than last year is a possi bility. “If every country in Europe has as bad a crop as the worst in the last five years, the European crop would be 6,331,080 tons. A crop as small as this is just as highly im probable as a crop of 8,252,000 tons. “The average yield per hectare of the 19261927 crop was '3.25 tons per hectare, which is just about the average yield for the five pre ceding crops. If we take the figure of 3.25 tons per hectare, which is the average from 1921 to 1926, we get a crop of 7,805,000 tons, or an increase of 906,000 tons over that of last year.” (Futures): Quotations on the New York Exchange during the month of July have fluc tuated as follows: High Low Latest July................... 2.77 2.56 2.68 September......... 2.83 2.66 2.70 December.......... 2.91 2.71 2.80 January............. 2.83 2.71 2.77 March............... 2.75 2.65 2.72 May................... 2.84 2.72 2.80 July, 1928........ 2.90 2.81 2.88 (Philippine Sales): During July, sales of Philippine centrifugals in the Atlantic Coast, afloats, near arrivals and for future deliveries, amounted to 28,900 tons at prices ranging from 4.46 cents to 4.58 cents landed terms. There were also re-sales by operators during the month, amounting to 18,000 tons at prices between 4.46 cents and 4.52 cents landed terms. Local Market: The local market for centri fugals was quiet during the month under review with insignificant transactions except a parcel of 250 tons bought by the local refinery on the 15th at 1 * 11.25 per picul. With improved demand from North China, the local market for muscovados, after being quiet for the first three weeks, became firm at the close of the month and the Chinese were keen buyers on the basis of 1 * 7.80 per picul for No. 1, but holders refused to sell at prices below 1’8.00 per picul on the basis of No. 1. Philippine Crop Prospects: The continuous rains in the month of May and the heavy down pours in the middle part of July have retarded the growth of the cane in some districts. On the middle west coast of Negros, the damage to cane resulting from the rains was estimated at 10 per cent. There was improvement, however, in the weather during the latter part of July Centrifugals. . . . Muscovados.. .. Refined.............. with sufficient sunshine, and since the cane seems to have better resistance to heavy rains at short intervals than to continuous rains for a long period, a crop of last year’s proportions may yet be harvested next fall, on the assumption that normal weather will prevail from now on until harvest time. Shipments of sugar since January 1, 1927, to July 23, 1927, are as follows: {Metric Tons of 2204 ll>s.) U. S. U. S. China Atlantic Pacific and Japan Total 328,091 46,212 ------- 374,303 ------ 43 23,719 23,762 ------ 1,273 ------- 1,273 328,091 47,528 23,719 399,338 Java Market: This market during the month of July was quiet and dull in sympathy with the American sugar market. The latest advices INSULAR LUMBER COMPANY MANUFACTURERS AND EXPORTERS OF PHILIPPINE CABINET WOODS ANNUAL CAPACITY 50,000,000 FEET TANGUILI RED LAUAN ALMON and APITONG LUMBER Kiln Dried Flooring and Interior Finish Box Shooks and Packing Cases Manila, P. I. Fabrica, P. I. received gave the following quotations for Superiors: Spot-Aug.-Sept. Gs. 15-5/8= P8.27 i per P. I. October..............Gs. 15-7/8= 8.40 > picul November.........Gs. 16 = 8.47 ) f.o.b. Although regularly distributed, the rainfall for June was abnormally high, being 534 m.m. compared with the average of 83 m.m. for several years. The rains have, however, benefited the standing cane although they have obstructed to some extent the harvesting campaign. The fourth estimate released on June 30, 1927, placed the present crop at 2,021,600 long tons as compared with the first estimate of 1,960,069 long tons. Java sugar shipment for June amounted to 221,406 long tons, making the total sugar ship ments of 581,320 long tons for the first six months of the year. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 33 Between reputation and char acter is a fine distinction. Through time and deeds comes the ultimate appraisal of character. Plain is the policy and practice of the Manila Daily Bulletin to do the right thing as we understand the right ESTABLISHED IN 1900 thE~E3<P0NENT OF BULLETIN MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS TWENTY-SEVEN YEARS OF SERVICE TO THE PUBLIC UNDER ONE MANAGEMENT IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 34 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 Commercial Printing is a silent but Powerful Messenger Your letter heads, bill heads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that “feeling of confidence”. Our reputation for producing GOOD PRINTING has been earned and merits your patronage. McCullough Printing Company 424 Rizal Ave. Phone 800 YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WASH I NG TO N ENGINES STATISTICAL REVIEW Monthly . tthly. G< 217,119 217,119 13 T< is for 12 ®® 577 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 35 PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Quantity June, 1927 Value Coconut Oil.......................................... Copra...................................................... Cigars (Number)................................. Embroidery........................................... Leaf Tobacco....................................... Desiccated and Shredded Coconut. Hats (Number)................................... Lumber (Cubic Meter) ................... Copra Meal.......................................... Knotted Hemp..................................... Pearl Buttons (Gross)....................... Canton (low grade cordage fiber).. AU Other Products............................. Total Domestic Products................. United States Products..................... Foreign Products................................. % 36.1 22.5 12.3 13.0 1.9 1.9 9 7 9 0 7 7 2 5 7 7 3 Grand Total. P25,545,828 100.0 June, 1926 Quantity Value % 19 21 18 20 NOTE:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS June. 1927 June, 1926 Value Monthly average for 12 months previous to June, 1927 Quantity Value 0 3 3 2 1 0 2 3 3 3 5 P23,982,631 100 1 0 CARRYING TRADE 5 7 3 2 4 9 7 7 6 3 9 8 3 8 P25.200.972 100 1 8 1 0 Cotton Cloths................... Other Cotton Goods.... Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... Rice..................................... Wheat Flour..................... Machinery and Parts of.. Dairy Products................. Gasoline.............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles....................... Vegetable Fiber Goods.. Meat Products................. Illuminating Oil............... Fish and Fish Products. . Crude Oil........................... Coal..................................... Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc................................... Fertilizer............................. Vegetables.......................... Paper Goods, Except Books.............................. Tobacco and Manufac tures of..............>.......... Electrical Machinery.. .. Books and Other Printed Matters........................... Cars and Carriages, Ex cept Autos..................... Automobile Tires.............. Fruits and Nuts.............. Woolen Goods................... Leather Goods.................. Shoes and Other FootBreadstuffs, Except Wheat Flour................. Eggs..................................... Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................. Lubricating Oil................. Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glassware.... Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ Oils not Separately listed. Earthen Stones & ChinaAutomobile Accessories. . Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.. .. Wood, Bamboo, Reed, India Rubber Goods.... Soap..................................... Matches.............................. Cattle and Carabaos. . .. Explosives..........•............... Cement............................... Sugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films... All Other Imports........... Total., ....' 408,527 64,346 420,880 162,327 143,869 162,467 173,874 172,207 145,126 128,935 157,678 181,695 134,731 116,617 176,746 % .8 2 13 7 0 5 3 3 3 1 1 0 3 9 7 8 1 1 7 9 5 4 9 0 2 3 1 9 2 2 2 2 1 6 2 0 0 8 7 8 0 0 7 0 9 9 0 7 6 0 0 8 9 7 6 0 8 7 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 7 3 0 0 7 8 2 2 9 Value 354,940 295,631 236,605 81,804 108,898 150,619 143,708 76,626 111,184 165,896 108,487 166,448 117,999 90,872 60,267 17 5 Monthly average for 12 months ending June, 1927 IMPORTS -Value 8 3 6 2 3 2 2 2 5 3 2 1 7 1 0 7 1 6 5 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 2 1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 23.7 368,843' 15 5 7 3 6 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 6 9 345,414 361,924 229,118 180,187 148,652 213,171 156,995 115,752 30,248 99,544 139,906 139,427 126,342 56,708 8 8 0 0 0 9 8 0 0 9 8 8 0 0 6 2 0 5 7 0 0 7 7 0 0 6 7 0 0 0 0 5 8 8 0 3 0 0 9 2 2 0 PORT STATISTICS TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Monthly average for June, 1927 June, 1926 12 months previous Ports ________________________________________to June, 1927 Value % Value % Value Manila........................ .... P27.969.832 62 2 P28.507.716 64.9 P30.315.370 67.5 Iloilo........................... .... 8 661,797 ■Cebu........................... .... 5,370,516 11 9 6,820433 15^6 6’108479 13.6 Zamboanga................ .... 604,393 3 1,325,089 3.0 517,157 1.2 Jolo............................. .... 72,695 0 2 223,027 0.5 116,126 0.3 .... 1,023.613 2 1,075,151 2.4 932,845 2.1 .... 1,309.067 2 9 213,177 0.5 551,399 1.2 Total.......... .... P45.011.913 100 .0 P43,895.882 100 0 P44.845.233 100.0 Monthly average for Nationality of June, 1927 June, 1926 12 months ending Vessels June, 1927 American. British.. . Japanese. Dutch. .. German.. .. Norwegian. Philippine.. Spanish.... Chinese. Swedish. Portuguese. Belgian.. .. By Freight.. By Mail... Total................... Nationality of Vessels American... Japanese... Swedish.. .. German.. .. Norwegian. Spanish.... Dutch........ Philippine.. Belgian"?. Panaman. By Freight. By Mail... Value % Value % Value % P 9,611,819 5,396,975 1,406,837 820,584 ,133,449 98,704 96,288 217,908 Pl 0,663,986 5,825,701 1,200,556 407,300 748,120 111,718 113,772 198,333 1,686 3,400 9,907,685 5,999,720 1,025,135 786,131 798,715 236,519 160,806 171,323 23,873 14,385 13,435 485 6,030 P18,784,250 96.3 P19,272,886 96.6 P19,199,653 97.9 681,835 3.7 640,365 3.4 474,772 2.1 P19.466.085 100.0 P19.913.251 100.0 P19,674,425 100.0 EXPORTS Monthly average for June, 1927 June, 1926 12 months ending June, 1927 Value % Value. % Value % Pl 1,755,033 9,877,856 2,380,710 46.7 P12,253,356 39.1 6,087,769 9.3 2,216,094 621,800 2.2 214,764 0.6 159,268 0.4 16,469 17,568 PH,991,041 7,345.428 2,720,598 28,573 934,079 554,214 157,415 188,068 137,616 P25,043,468 98.3 P23.090.184 95.9 P23.894.855 94.8 502,360 1.7 892,447 4.1 1,314,449 5.2 Total................... P25.548.828 100.0 P23.982.631 100.0 P25.200.972 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES United United Japan.. China.. Monthly average for Countries June, 1927 June, 1926 12 months previous ._________________________________to June, 1927 Value % Value % Kingdom.... East Indies. Germany.................. Australia................... British East Indies. Dutch East Indies. Netherlands............. Italy.......................... Hongkong................. Belgium.................... Switzerland.............. Japanese-China.... Norway..................... Denmark.................... Other Countries. . .. Total. P30.600.327 2,654,277 3,947,664 1,505,948 143,807 893,830 ,103,822 512,405 462,893 570,830 493,320 299,397 343,527 225,175 432,271 269,651 164,962 14,121 42,047 48420 13,283 11,509 202,202 68.1 P30,991,208 6.0 1,733,232 8.9 3,555,018 3.2 1,795,744 0.3 524,308 2.0 1,218,758 2.4 700,809 1.1 607,216 1.0 543,351 1.3 309,912 1.1 368,189 0.7 169,355 0.8 344,613 0.5 317,368 0.9 182,464 0.6 182,021 0.5 107,264 29,081 0.1 11,105 0.1 42,888 0.1 33,733 21,828 30,010 0.5 76,407 5 P30.895.610 68.8 0 2,070,013 4.7 1 2,907,321 6.5 1 1,544,737 3.4 3 685,542 1.5 8 1,171,061 2.6 6 874,953 2.0 4 624,423 1.4 2 582,293 1.3 7 440,665 1.0 8 692,944 1.5 4 388,741 0.9 8 444,593 1.0 7 280,590 0.6 4 311,170 0.7 4 132,416 0.3 2 145,895 0.3 1 41,768 0.1 28,021 0.1 1 65,066 0.2 1 26,569 0.1 14,090 1 20,110 2 456,642 1.0 P45,011,913 100.0 P43.895.882 100 0 P44.845.233 100J 36 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1927 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY B. A. GREEN REAL ESTATE Improved and Unimproved City, Suburban and Provincial Properties Expert valuation, appraisement and reports on real estate Telephone 507 34 Escolta Cable Address: “BAG” Manila Manila, P. I. Philippine Islands Myers Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 230 Kneedler Bldg. Tel. 1610 PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery Rosenberg’s Garage TELEPHONE 5-69-55 « ® « tp CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description “LA URBANA” (Sociedad M6tua de Construcci6n y Pristamos) Prestamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attomey-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao Phone “El Hogar Filipino” 2 - 22 - 33 Building WARNER, BARNES & CO., LTD. Insurance Agents Transacting All Classes of Insurance SANITARY - CONVENIENT - SATISFACTORY! Five European Barbers Special attention given the ladies Shampoos, facial massage and hair cuts under skilled management LA MARINA BARBER SHOP 117 Plaza Goiti Jose Cortina, Prop. MADRIGAL 8b CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU Derham Building Phone 22516 Manila P. O. Box 2103 MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers Mr. MANUEL VALENTIN TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence & Co. 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. Phone 2-61-30 & 73 Escolta 73 & Quality ffi Shirts TOYO SHIRT FACTORY 1044 AZCADflAGA, MANILA. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL HELP! HELP! The New York Public Library wishes to complete its files of the JOURNAL by obtaining the following numbers: Vol. V, Nos. 2, 3. 6 (1926). If any member has these copies, or any of them, lie is asked to send them to Walter Robb, P. O. Box 1638. Manila, P. I., if he is willing to give them to the New York Library, to which they will be forwarded. Manila Wine Merchants, Ltd. 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 403 Phones: 2-25-67 and 2-25-68 WEANDSCO Western Equipment and Supply Co. Exclusive distributers in the Philippines for Western Electric Co. Graybar Electric Co. 119 Calle T. Pinpin P. O. Box 2277 Manila, P. I. Recommended By Leading Doctors CHRYSLER 50—60 70—80 Drink It For Your Health’s Sake TEL. 1106 Nature's Best Mineral Water Luneta Motors Co., Inc. 54 San Luis TEL. 370 THE AMERICAN EXPRESS CO., INC. Internationa/ Banking, Shipping, Travel CITY TICKET OFFICE Manila Railroad Company American Express Travelers Cheques I EL ORIENTE CORONAS ORIENTE FABRICA DE TABACOS, INC. 72 Calle Evangelista MANILA MANUFACTURERS OF Coronas Oriente Jean Valjean Fighting Bob HIGH GRADE CIGARS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Please secure from local Dodge Brothers Dealer the Dodge Brothers Advertisement No. F-292 Series 5 Improvements Produce Still Finer Results A new five-bearing crankshaft of finest alloy steel, together with other improvements an nounced at the same time,’has literally revo lutionized the performance of Dodge Brothers Motor Car. You must go far higher in price to find its equal in zest, flexibility and smoothness of power. The best proof of this statement is personal experience in the car. We will be glad to provide you an opportunity at your convenience. Sole Distributors: ESTRELLA AUTO PALACE LEVY HERMANOS, Inc. 536-568 Gandara ILOILO — MANILA — CEBU Dodge Broth&rs MOTOR CARS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL