The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Description: Manila : The Chamber, 1921-1976
52 v.
Issue Date: Volume 7 (Issue No. 10) October 1927
Publisher: The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States)
Year: 1927
Language: English
Subject: Philippines -- Commerce -- Periodicals.; Philippines -- Economic conditions -- Periodicals.
Rights
Place of publication: Manila
extracted text: Fishing in Philippine Waters Will Be At Its Best During the Next Six Months Midway Islands LeGrand Cameron Paine’s Philippine Paintings When the Saints Saved Manila: Great Mission Trail Series Freeing the Towns From Imperialism The Hegira and Other Editorials Scotching the Sulu Breast: A Ripping True Story of Sulu Campaign Days: By Percy A. Hill This Number Contains the Rarest Piece Ever Published in Tlanila—Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard with Engravings F ^producing Richardson-Cox Woodcuts Made Seventy-Five Years go Illustrating Each Stanza. Current Comment of Timely Interest and Permanent Value: Trade Reviews by Leading Experts MANILA’S CHOICEST CIGARETTES ROSITAS The process of drying to bacco is an important factor in preserving its original fine condition. Our perfected process guar antees the best tobacco goodness for our popular ROSITAS. 30 for 10 centavos and 20 for 8 centavos WHEN TRAVELING CARRY NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK LETTERS of CREDIT --------- AND —........ TRAVELERS CHECKS SAFE - - CONVENIENT - - SELF-IDENTIFYING INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION PACIFIC BUILDING MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 Big - Roomy — Comfortable People are accustomed to think of Dodge Brothers Motor Car in terms of dependability and value. For that reason its really excep tional size is not always fully appreciated. Yet in this respect it stands alone in its price class, far above its field. With a 116-inch wheelbase, ample leg room and seats of exceptional width and depth, the car is big enough and roomy enough for thor ough comfort. Yet it is compact enough for convenient parking. Sole Distributors: ESTRELLA AUTO PALACE LEVY HERMANOS, Inc. 536-568 Gandara Iloilo MANILA Cebu □□dee- Brothers MOTOR CARS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 FOR YOUR HAULBACK —the latest development for roller bearing blocks No. 1123 No. 1103, 10"x2", wt. 68 lbs. No. 1123, 12"x2", wt. 80 lbs. A Lightweight Block for Heavy and High Speed Haulback Service Always “Best by Test” YOUNG IRON WORKS MANUFACTURERS 2951 First Ave. So. Seattle, Washington SOLE PHILIPPINE AGENTS MANILA MACHINERY AND SUPPLY CO. 675-681 Dasmarinas Manila, P. I. Let the Children drink “BEAR” BRAND NATURAL COWS’ MILK Just hand your child a can of “BEAR” BRAND. There’s noth ing to mix nor prepare. It contains nothing but pure wholesome milk from the finest Alpine CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF-A-CORONA EXCELENTES ESPECIALES BELLEZAS PRESIDENTES Etc.. Etc. Watch For The Name ALHAMBRA On Rings and Labels It’s Your Protection Alhambra Cigar and Gigarette Mfg. Co. 31 Tayuman Manila, P. I. Give it to the children three times a day. It will make them strong and healthy! SOLD IN LARGE AND SMALL CANS EVERYWHERE IMITA TED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL cAmerican Chamber of Commerce Journal PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (Member, Chamber of Commerce of the United States) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 25, 1921, AT THE POST OFFICE AT MANILA. P. I. LOCAL SUBSCRIPTION—P4.00 PER YEAR. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION—$3.00, U. S. CURRENCY, PER YEAR. SINGLE COPIES—35 CENTAVOS WALTER ROBB, Editor and Manaycr BOARD OF DIRECTORS H. L. Heath, President Fred A. Leas, Vice-President J. W. Haussermann, Vice-President B. A. Green, Treasurer C. M. Cotterman P. A. Meyer E. E. Selph, General Counsel S. F. Gaches Robert E. Murphy H. M. Cavender ALTERNATE DIRECTORS W. L. Applegate George H. Fairchild John L. Headington Walter Z. Smith . John R. Wilson, Secretary COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE: FINANCE AND AUDIT: RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT H. L. Heath, Chairman B. A. Green, Chairman George H. Fairchild, Chairman C. M. Cotterman C. M. Cotterman John R. Wilson George H. Fairchild Paul A. Meyer HOUSE: RELIEF: FOREIGN TRADE: John L. Headington, Chairman W. J. Odom, Chairman S. F. Gaches, Chairman Frank Butler Carl Hess R. E. Murphy John Gordon M. M. Saleeby LIBRARY: MANUFACTURING: . Paul A. Meyer John Gordon, Chairman Fred A. Leas, Chairman PUBLICATIONS: SHIPPING: John Pickett H. L. Heath, Chairman H. M. Cavender, Chairman LEGISLATIVE: Carson Taylor L. L. Spellman C. M. Cotterman, Chairman BANKING AND CURRENCY: CHAMBER INVESTMENTS: Frank B. Ingersoll Stanley Williams, Chairman C. M. Cotterman, Chairman William J. Rohde H. B. Pond B. A. Green MANILA P. CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER, 1927 VOLUME VII NUMBER 10 Page LeGrand Cameron Paine’s Philippine Paintings....................... 5 Midway Island: Cable Station and Bird Paradise (By Walter Robb)....................................................................................... 6 When San Francisco Saved Manila from Earthquake............ 8 Central America New Abaca Field for United States............ 9 Editorials (By Walter Robb): The Hegira............................................................................... 10 Capital...................................................................................... 10 Philippine Tonnage................................................................ 10 New School Taxes.................................................................. 10 Scott Nearing......................................................................... 10 Gbrdian Knots........................................................................ 10 Newsies..................................................................................... 10 Freeing Our Towns from Imperial Manila’s Mandates.......... 11 Downing Street Determined to Dictate in Europe (By Con stantine Brown)................................................................... 12 Sweden the Unallied (By John Gunther)............................... 14 Nicholas Roosevelt on McIntyre......................-........................ 14 Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard (By Thomas Gray). 15 Soothing the Savage Sulu Breast: Finnegan and Considine• Say It With Music (By Percy A. Hill)........................... 19 Page Reviews of September Business: Copra and Copra Products (By E. A. Seidenspinner)... . 23 Rail Commodity Movements (By M. D. Royer)........... 23 Tobacco and Cigars (By P. A. Meyer)............................ 23 Shipping (By H. M. Cavender)......................................... 24 Sugar (By George H. Fairchild)...................................... 25 Manila Hemp (By T. H. Smith)...................................... 27 Real Estate (By P. D. Carman)...................................... 28 Rice (By Percy A. Hill)...................................................... 28 Exchange (By Stanley Williams)..................................... 29 Statistical Summary of Overseas Commerce: Ports by Nationality of Carrying Vessels........................ 30 Principal Exports.................................................................. 31 Principal Imports.......................................................... 31 Port Statistics......................................................................... 31 Carrying Trade...................................................................... 31 Foreign Trade by Countries................................................ 31 The American Chamber of Commerce is ready and willing at all times to furnish detailed information to any American Manufacturer, Importer, Exporter or other Americans who are interested in Philippine matters. Address all communications and requests for such information to the Secretary of the Chamber No. 14 Calle Pinpin, Manila, P. I. The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines is a member of the UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, and is the largest and most adequately financed American Chamber of Commerce outside the continental boundaries of the United States. The organization has Twelve Hundred members, all Americans, scattered over the Philippine Archipelago from Tawi-Tawi to the Batanes. The organization of branches in all the American communities of the Asiatic Coast is being stimulated. &F* The AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS should not be confused with other organizations bearing similar names such as the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, the Philippine Chamber of Commerce, the Philippine-American Chamber of Commerce and the Manila Chamber of Commerce. 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 For more than 28 years Discriminating men have found that we do the best tailoring and have the largest selection of good suitings Among our latest arrivals are the following selections: Duck, Linen and Cotton Drill, Linen and Cotton Silks and Wools Palm Beach Flannels White Alpaca The leading tailoring shop for the smartest people for 28 years New York-Paris-Manila 12 Escolta Phone 706 FULL LINE OF PHILIPPINE VIEWS P C T U R E S F O R Y O u R D E N O R H O M E Photographic Triumph When LeGrand Cameron Paine got from us the reproductions of her Phil ippine paintings shown elsewhere in this Journal she was satisfied and had others made for use in Paris and America. We do Commercial Photography and carry Photographic Supplies CAMERA SUPPLY COMPANY DEVELOPING, PRINTING AND ENLARGING 110 Escolta Manila, P. I. G E T U S T O F R A M E Y O U R P I C T U R E S IN BEFORE TEN, OUT BEFORE FIVE Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions SERVICE Electric Power supplied by local Electric Companies enters vitally into the daily life of every progressive city and town in the Philippines. Each year witnesses the resulting progress in effective and more economical service. The utilities of electricity become almost as necessary as the daily food supply to communities they serve. It is reasonable to expect that in years to come the utilization of new methods and the per fection of mechanical appliances will still further increase the efficiency of the Electric Light and Power service to the public. SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 302 Port Area Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) 134 San Marcelino Tel. 2-14-11 LIGHT TRANSPORTATION POWER IN RERPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL legrand cameron’S Philippine paintings Wednesday, September 21, an American lady began wending her way back to the homeland with the treasure trove of her brush in the Philippines, where she has busily plied it during three years while her husband, Major George H. Paine, U. S. A., has been on duty here. The artist is Mrs. LeGrand Cameron Paine, a daugh ter of Raleigh, N. C., and a proud line of Scotch and French ancestors, her father having been General Francis Hawks Cameron, directly descended from the Camerons of Lochiel. LeGrand Cameron Paine is a creature of momenta ry impulses, deep as the depths of her under standing soul—while they last. It is in such possessing moods that she paints, and her work is virile, dashing and superbly interpretative. It is often as far from accurate physical delin eation as genius is from mediocrity; and if it does not actually achieve genius—which the critics who will soon see it in Europe and Amer ica are likely to say it does—it certainly ap proaches genius. Early in January, LeGrand Cameron will be in Paris, where she will exhibit her Philippine pieces, and later in the year she will be in Amer ica. By arrangement with her, the Journal had the privilege of photographing a few of the studies, some of which are here reproduced as the first copies of her Philippine work to be seen in the islands. She began painting some ten years ago, during the war, and Washington honored itself with an exhibition of her heroic figures of Joffre, Foch, Pershing, Haig, and other commanders of the period at the Meridian Studios; but prior to that, Paul Thurnysen had recognized the budding talent in this lovely southern belle and had closed the season at the Thurnysen Galleries, 569 Fifth Avenue, New York, with an exhibit of her canvases. Notice appeared of her work in the International Art News, with a reproduction of her first piece, La Fille de la Crinoline. “Mrs. Paine,” said the editor, “has painted with conviction. These portrayals of heroic figures are most happily executed and render admirably the individuality of each one of the four great military leaders. They are brushed with bold, firm strokes in strong tones, and are most appealing as life-like representations by one who has known personally her subjects.” La Fille de la Crinoline is as piquant and finespun as the war leaders are revealed in stern and invincible characters. It is the impression, incisive and honest, that LeGrand Cameron puts into colors; and having done that, she leaves off, so that it is only to the true artist and the person of intuitive understanding that her pictures will appear finished, though none will fail to feel their superiority. LeGrand Cameron may be described as an American Velasquez, such is the bold power of her brush. But if it will not run fast enough, she supple ments it with daubs from her fingers or whatever device is needed to get the thing “taken,” as it were, while her soul is open to receive it like the shutter of a camera lens. And now, in the maturity of her career, she has been painting the Philippines: painting the old conventos, the monasteries, the monks, the children’s choirs and processionals, all the poetry and old romance of the friar missions and the ancient Spanish period. The writer has seen this attempted before, by native and foreign artists. He knows the work of Luna, Statement of Ownership, Management, • Etc. of the AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Editor Manager WALTER ROBB WALTER ROBB Publisher and Proprietor THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE of the Philippine Islands Signed: WALTER J. ROBB Editor and Manager Subscribed and sworn to before me this 24th day of September 1927 (Sgd.) N. Quilon, Acting Superintendent, Inspection Division, Manila Post Office Dependable Power the Year Round matter what the task—belt or draw-bar—Fordson will do it quickly, efficiently and at a minimum cost. Fordson Service is Ford Service —over 120 Service Depots in the Philippines where spare parts and service may be secured without delay. This is your protection after the purchase. “After We Sell We Serve” PRICE Pl,525.00 Ex Manila Bodegas Easy Terms of deferred payments may be arranged ManilaTrading&Supply Company MANILA ILOILO — LEGASPI — CEBU BACOLOD — PULUPANDAN IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 one who has sought subjects for the canvas in the Philippines approaches, even in a single canvas, what LeGrand Cameron has placed upon many—literally dozens—just as Velasquez, among a host of aspirants, stands alone in his interpretation of Spain. The Cameron picture of General Wood was done about three years ago. One of many, perhaps seven or eight, that followed, it received the cordial endorsement of the subject, as well it might. Wood the man sitting for his passport likeness is not there, not at all; but Wood the man, he who could quell the Chicago strike, he who could formulate Cuban government, he who could marshal the forces of the Christian and pagan world alike for the eradication of leprosy, he who could stick at Malacanang in Manila until he merely staggered home to die—that is the man LeGrand Cameron has painted. Turn next to the Recollect friar, sketched from a wood sculpture of one of the 16th century martyrs. Comment upon such a work would be altogether superfluous. The peasant soul has indeed been lifted to the heights, the man knows that when the savages have sent him west he shall see His Maker face to face. A great deal of LeGrand Cameron’s work is devoted to these Recollect friars. Generally recruited from the lower ranks in Spain, they were the fundamentalists of their period; the faith they brought to the Far East was simple Hidalgo and the rest. He recognizes in To lentino, the young Filipino sculptor who was the protege of Baruch in New York and Wash ington, a workman capable of modeling the spirit of the Philippines. But he believes no and'devout.^ It remains so among them today. See the facade and tower of their monastery church, worshipers passing into the vaulted transept through a portal that has swung thus open daily for 300 years. Unchanging creed, tranquility of faith, satisfaction in belief—the Midway Island: Cable Station and Bird Paradise By Walter Robb The gallant world fliers, Brock and Schlee, compelled by universal opinion and wifely appeals to abandon their aerial circumnaviga tion of the globe at Japan, could hardly have found the Midway islands, their projected refueling station in the mid-Pacific, even had they gone on to try it. For, according to the navy department, neither was a navigator; and many a good navigator safely ensconced on a steamship has miscalculated about Midway and sailed past it. Midway is but a dot on the mid-Pacific map. Yet I am inclined to believe that had thej,supplies of gasoline and oil re truth about the Recollects in Manila shows in the picture of the brooding church and plaza. The portrait of the Chinese mestiza might be captioned, “Is your laundry ready, Senor?” It is the very spirit of the work-a-day Philip pines, and surely will appear as such even to eyes that have never seen Manila, never wandered along its sequestered by-streets or jostled its friendly but uninquisitive crowds. If the laundress finds your wash isn’t ready for her to take away, she supposes there is a reason and, without further inquiry, comes for it again. The artist, in fact, encountered this woman on the muelle by the river, and was struck so forcibly by her face that she asked to be allowed to paint it. When the woman understood, she said, “Si, senora.” She submitted herself for half an hour to the will of the brush. All over, she was told so. Again, “Si, senora!” and without the least show of emotion the woman went on her way. This Malay psychology is something pre cious in the world, and LeGrand Cameron depicts it admirably. The picture of the two girls shows other mestiza types. The Malay eye, verily a wonder of nature, is seen in all the women. quisitioned by Brock and Schlee been sent to Midway, they would have essayed the flight from Japan. What if they had made it! What if they had safely landed! The blood does not yet run so sluggish through one’s sclerotic veins but that it warms to the very thought of this foolhardy heroism. Oh, they could not have found Midway, of course * * ♦ and yet * * * “How can man die better than facing fearful odds For the memory of his fathers and the temples of his gods?” The memory of our fathers is the memory of pioneers who did many impossible things, Retail Importers American c v BOTICA BOIE 'O. Wholesale Agents MANILA We have been selling drugs for 97 years IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 and the temples of our gods are the towns and cities and practical applications of scientific inventions and discoveries built and erected upon first achievements that simply could not come to pass—but did come to pass in spite of all doleful and foreboding readings of the auspices and prophecies of the oracles. How ever, this is a story about Midway, not about gallant pioneers in Pacific aviation. Midway itself is a fine piece of pioneering. Midway is a pair of coral islands lying at 28:14 north latitude and 14 minutes off the 180th meridian. It is a property of the United States staked out in 1898 and placed under the administration of the navy department. It is a relay station of the Commercial Pacific Cable Company, the American line across the Pacific. In 1898, when America came into the extreme east with the objective of acquiring the Phil ippines as a base from which to make her open door policy in China effective, preying upon China—and, to a much less degree, upon Japan as well—had been merrily going on among the powers for upward of a generation. America had to have communications, but no cables could be laid westward out of Japan, i. e., to China, save by the Belgian syndicate that held this particular concession. America had Hawaii, Guam, Midway, the Philippines and as much liber ty in China, once she got there, as the next fellow. Early in the summer of 1903 the direct cable was laid from San Francisco to Shanghai and the first official messages were interchanged between the extreme stations July 4 of that same year. Subsequently America has been communicat ing across the Pacific without saying to anyone, “By your leave.” That is the economic side of Midway in a nutshell. At an outlay of $2,500,000, the cable is to be supplemented with radio, making the third American radio service across the Pacific. While the original build ing of the cable station on Midway was in progress, a good many orientals were employed as workmen and craftsmen and a marine guard was kept there. Also, when the landing was made by the Americans in 1903, some thirty Japanese fishermen were found to have taken up headquarters there, and diplomatic intercession brought about their withdrawal somewhat against their will but with the utmost goodwill upon the part of Japan. After a few years the marine guard was removed, and for many years now the colony on Midway has consisted of some nine or ten Americans, the station force of the cable com pany, seven or eight Japanese employed on outside work and five or six Chinese household servants— twenty-three to twenty five souls all told. Four times a year the company’s steamship Dickenson voyages from Honolulu to Midway, a distance of about 1200 miles, with supplies. Otherwise the calls of ships are very rare. The Dickenson, of light draft, can go inside the reef except when a westerly wind is blowing. Like all atolls, the one at Midway is open at the northwest and the southeast, and the tides pour through from the north. The cable station is at the northern end of Sand island, which is 1-1/4 miles long and 3/4 miles wide. The other island of the Midway atoll is Eastern island, sometimes called Green island on account of the foliage, of which Stevenson gives a masterly description in The Wreckers. At the time of the American occupation the dwarf magnolia and various hardy beach grasses had found lodgment on Eastern island and were flourishing, birds having probably taken the first seeds of vegetation there in their annual migrations. Sand island was bare. Westward of Midway about 60 miles lies Ocean island, and eastward toward Honolulu lie reefs and coral barriers, some of them dignified with names. Had Brock and Schlee reached Mid way and taken off safely, over a route of 1100 miles to Honolulu, as the gull flies, their way would have been marked out ahead by the green waters and the breakers along this coral chain. But the islands are uninhabited by men; forced landings would be unlucky. Sand island is no longer bare. On the contrary, it is quite well carpeted over and very gener ously wooded. This and the birds are the most interesting things about Midway. In order to bed down the sand and prevent its blowing up into dunes, marram grass was introduced in 1906, from San Francisco, where it had been utilized in the reclamation work at Golden Gate park. This Australian desert grass thrives in sand; you plant it deep and cut it off at the surface, and soon it stools so that you can take new cuttings and plant more. Aside from its deeper roots, it throws out a net work of roots that intertwine just beneath the surface of the sand and tend to protect it from the wind and convert it into soil. Ten rows of this grass were planted athwart the island like a belt, where the dunes had blown up, and then it was possible to plant as much more as was wanted. It was now also possible to plant trees, shrubs and flowers. David Haughs, territorial forester of Hawaii, regularly sent seeds and cuttings; Australia again contributed, this time the iron wood tree; and there are now ironwood trees on Sand island 40 and 50 feet high. Indeed it is said that the foliage on the island has grown so dense in places that lanes have to be cut through it, and between the plants and the birds the place is truly a paradise. The station is of course provided with every material comfort, substantial cottages, electric light and power, an ice plant, an excellent library, a reservoir for a 50,000 gallon reserve of rain water, and a garden of an acre of ground for which thousands of tons of soil were gradually brought in from Hawaii. With this soil came a host of pests, garden worms and caterpillars galore. Here was a new problem for the amateur agriculturists, and they solved it effectually by their usual resort to science and the aid of scientific friends. This whole story of the transformation of Mid way shows, indeed, that where the drudging but ignorant peasant would be wholly at a loss to convert bare and shifting sands into pro ductive and carpeted land, even the amateur, of education and intelligence, need not despair. A ship anchored off Midway in 1909 and a pair of yellow canaries were bought from her Chinese steward at one dollar for each bird. They were taken to the station and carefully fed and cared for, at last being turned out to return to their original wild state. Water and feed troughs were placed on the verandah of the superintendent’s house, and his wife—for women are not prohibited to live with their husbands on Midway—was the keeper of the birds as well as the flowers. The canaries multiplied themselves, and now there are thousands of wild canaries on Sand island, but no longer a pest of worms. Walk out, and these songsters circle all about one, unafraid because they know nothing but kindness from the hand of man. None are ever captured, none ever killed or molested in any way. The canaries saved the garden, though the Chinese gardener complains that they take toll of his berries and fruits for their labor. In the same year the Laysan finch was intro duced on Sand island, and for the same purpose— getting rid of the worms and caterpillars. This finch had been found on Laysan island, east ward of Midway, and taken to Eastern island in 1905. It had made its way on Eastern island, and now it made its way on Sand island. The imported soil also brought the blight to the ironwood trees, they soon appeared in malignant silver coatings boding ill for the em bryo forest. Edward Ehrhorn, entomologist of Honolulu, was consulted. He sent a bug called the lady bird, perhaps she who flies away home in the nursery rhyme. It multiplied exceedingly and ate up the blight. Nowadays whenever the blight reappears the lady bird returns to its job; at other times the useful bug keeps in hiding somewhere and abides its time, no blight, no lady-bird bugs. A wingless bird on Eastern island, probably a survivor from the Wandering Minstrel, wrecked at Midway in 1887, shares honors with the Laysan finch as a pest killer. Two herds of wild donkeys are a part of the faunal life of Midway. A pair were taken to Eastern island and turned loose 22 years ago to subsist on the beach grasses. They did, and now there are two small herds on the island. Some have been haltered, when work was to be done on Sand island such as the leveling of the dunes, and when the work was done they were taken back to Eastern island and turned loose again. They stamp holes in the sand to get down to water. The grasses introduced afford ing sufficient pasturage, a small herd of Jerseys is kept at the cable station to provide fresh milk, cream and butter. Life passes pleasantly at Midway, not only because of the work to be done with the steady volume of cables pouring through the station day and night, but because of the garden, the birds and the plants. Midway is one of the most remarkable rookeries of wild birds in the world. Regularly every year, the birds repair to Midway and make their nests: the wandering albatross, the boatswain, the frigate bird or man-o’-war hawk, the sheerwater or petrel, the booby, curlews, plovers and terns. Tiniest of all is the white love bird, and very curious about depositing its egg, which by some queer magic it manages to place upon a leaf of some small tree or shrub so it will remain there until it hatches; and then the parents merely stand by until the fledgling appears and is able to fly. Other birds resort to the sandy beaches high above the tide to deposit their eggs. Such is the habit of the albatrosses. When you visit them, they receive you with great ceremony, bowing and making it a state affair. They conduct you to the nest, proudly show its con tents, then settle down to business—when you are expected to leave. Calls are expected to be formal ones. Daddy albatross, takes his turn on the nest. Midway offers a first rate op portunity for the scientific study of bird life. All the varieties are so tame—rather, free from any fear of man—that it is easy to observe them under wholly natural conditions. Observe the man-o’-war hawk getting his breakfast. This old sea pirate has an enormous spread of wing and can fly countless miles and poise motionless, or seemingly so, over one spot min utes at a time. When man knows as much about flying as the man-o’-war, the Pacific will be no problem to him. The man-o’-war makes the booby bring him his breakfast. The booby, an excellent fisher, dives into the teem ing waters of the atoll and comes up with a handsome fish with which he rises high into the air in the hope of getting to a secure spot to devour it. In the offing the men-o’-war are circling, one quite near the water; and when the booby has risen high enough with the fish the others give chase, make him drop the fish, and depend on their confederate to catch it before it reaches the water. He does, and they all feast; the poor booby has no alternative but to return to the atoll waters and try his luck again. Fortunately the fish are as plentiful as the birds; a yam-spinner declares that the art of fishing at Midway has been reduced to an effort to make a cast without hooking a fish, considered a real feat; while to supply the kitchen the Chinese cook simply makes a single dip of his net and selects only the primest of an abun dant haul. Naturally there are sharks in the atoll waters, but they feed well enough on the fishes and never molest the swimming beach, which shelves gradually away from the land in gleaming white sand. Spearing porpoises from canoes is good sport. They float about as if asleep, but jerk the canoe furiously along after the harpoon hits them. It may be an hour or more before they give up the struggle. Ashore there is tennis, also golf. In the latter game, owing to the sandy nature of the course and the un satisfactory bunkers and greens, one gets within an approximate distance and then concedes himself that particular hole. But it is all re duced to rules and genuine contests are possible. As there are no contagious or infectious dis eases on Midway, life there is healthful; the residents never even suffer from colds. Yet, in the course of 25 years, a few graves have been dug: there was the doctor who succumbed to an attack of angina pectoris, and the young operator who dived off the wharf and broke his neck. These and one or two more are the mortality statistics. Midway, of course, with the cable constantly babbling, keeps in hourly touch with the world of today, while the past is all there, too^ bound in the many and well chosen volumes of the station library. THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927* When San Francisco Saved Manila From Earthquake Fourth Paper Mission Trail Series: Ancient Power of Saints Z' Manila is well connected with the world in these days, both radio and cable would flash the news of any peril she might be in, and ships sailing 30 knots an hour would come to her relief, if necessary, from their business on the China coast; so that, as she is not sick, she is not the saintly metropolis she was of old, when there was no telegraph, no steamboat, and nothing but a single galleon a year from Mexico, which, waited for so frequently by the ships of those heretic nations, England and Holland, might never arrive in port. The Spanish colony indeed comprised but a handful of men, the friars, the civil officials and the troops, and besides the perils of attack by sea there was the constant danger of uprisings of the Indios or Chinese within the city itself. The citadel, or walled city, was the material reiuge; no Chinese, save he were baptized a Christian, was allowed to live there, and the native population as well was outside the walls. But the principal reliance was the God whose crucified son’s doctrine of salvation was being established in the Far East for the redemption of barbarian mankind. The saints never deserted the evangelists, though of course these holy men advised the secular authorities to keep their powder dry. It was an age of simple faith and primitive impulses. As the subject of this paper is the Franciscan friars, whose missions will be tabu lated in the November issue, let the reader glance into their monastery church in the walled city and observe what is venerated there. In this way he will best gain an accurate impression of the faith that entered into the building of these ancient and noble piles, a faith which most remarkably preserved Spain’s most remote and unprofitable colony and induced Philip II to swear, perhaps with some exaggeration not uncommon to the period, that he would give his kingdom in ransom for a single pagan soul. The Franciscan church in Intramuros was originally built of bamboo and nipa at the ex pense of Marshal Gabriel de Rivera and Captain Martin de la Rea. The monks took solemn possession of it in the same year, 1577, August 2, and dedicated it to Our Lady of the Angels, “having at the same time the extreme good fortune to be the first to maintain intact (que conservaron reservado) the august and most divine sacrament of the eucharist in these islands.’* In 1583 the original church and convent burned down and the same benefactors of the mission built another of wood and tile. “In 1602 it was built for the third time, at the expense of the indefatigable and singular piety of Marshal Rivera, who soon afterward assumed the habit and confessed the Franciscan faith in this prov ince. The church and the greater part of the convent was destroyed in 1739, ahd the edifice of masonry and timber pillars still existing was then built. On November 5 of that year the corner stone was laid by Sr. Brigadier D. Gaspar de la Torre y Ayala, of His Majesty’s council, gentleman of the royal camara, governor and captain general of these islands. “Building proceeded under the direction of Sr. D. Juan Manuel Perez de Tagle, Marquis de las Salinas, knight of Calatrava, and our special benefactor. Although the church is not large, it is much more spacious than those gener ally belonging to our order. In the earthquake of 1824 the tower was destroyed, and was after ward rebuilt; in the earthquake of June 3, 1863, a good deal of the roof and the southern wall of the main chapel were demolished. “The devotion felt by Manila and all the Philippines for the seraph of Assisi, and have felt from the beginning, is not to be explained by the easy credulity of the natives nor the impas sioned orations of holy men.” Here the old chronicler, Fray Felix Huerta, who wrote during the period when he was min ister to the lepers in San Lazaro hospital (a Franciscan charity 300 years old which will be treated with the rest in a future paper), tells how, in the uprising of the Chinese of the Parian October 3, 1603, St. Francis mounted the walls with a flaming sword in his hand to defend the city, as was established in the subsequent judicial investigation by the most respectable witnesses, “including even the enemy, especially 400 prisoners who, sentenced to death, were baptized, and each was given the name of Francisco in honor of such a singular portent.” Having been thus saved, they were shot. Francis was officially made the Seraphic Custodian of Manila, and patron and protector of the city, and his intervention on behalf of the colony is regularly celebrated unto this day. In Spanish days these annual rejoicings on October 3 were attended by the governor and captain general, the archbishop and both the secular and ecclesiastical councils as well as the supreme court. In 1692 the court for some reason, no doubt a quarrel between the church and state authorities, found it inconvenient to attend, but a protest was raised to the king, who compelled the court’s future attendance by his royal decree of December 17, 1694. This famous image of St. Francis is kept at the Santa Clara convent chapel, where it may be seen; but on October 4 yearly it is taken out of the chapel in solemn procession to the chapel of the Franciscans, protectors of the Claire nuns, Dominican and Franciscan friars partici pating in the ceremony and a Dominican, by interorder courtesy, preaching the sermon. After the ceremony in the church, the hospitality of the Franciscans is enjoyed and in the after noon another procession like the first returns the image to its sanctuary with the nuns. Another image of St. Francis worshiped at the Franciscan church is the first which was placed in the original building of bamboo and SDCDNY TRADE MARK MOTOR OILS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 nipa. It also had its eminent part in the sal vation of Manila. In 1619 it was given to the Franciscans of Dilao (Paco) by Fray Pedro de San Pablo, then provincial of the Franciscans of the Philippines, for their processions. In 1630, another image having been donated for the processions, D. Alonso Cuyapit, the native principal of Dilao, took the first image to his house and erected an altar for it in one of the rooms which he converted into a private chapel. Earthquakes of the year 1645 continued from November 30 until December 4 and besides terrorizing the community threatened the destruction of the city and its mural defenses. St. Francis was moved with compassion. His image left the little altar in Cuyapit’s house and rested on a box at a window overlooking the stricken city. It was put back upon the altar, but it again removed itself to the window, where it displayed signs of anguish and wept copiously, according to reliable witnesses who testified in the usual judicial inquiry into these surprising miracles. So it did a third time, and a fourth. It bent upon its knees at the window, where its weeping and anguish at tracted such general notice as at last reached the ear of officialdom. The authorities im mediately decided to return the image to Manila, for which purpose a procession was ordered, and joined in gladly by all the people. The tremors of the earth ceased as soon as Christian feet in the holy march began treading its surface. The sky cleared and wind softened so that not one of the thousands of candles was blown out. The public emotion exceeded all bounds and the gratitude of householders for the intervention of the second crucified one was attested in the most astounding rejoicing. One must believe, because Father Huerta has it all from the contemporary records of the monastery. This happened December 4, 1645; and in the evening of December 4 this year Manilans will have the opportunity to observe the repetition of the ceremony and see the image borne along by the multitude. The image of Christ in the Sepulcher venerated at the Franciscan church dates from 1735 and was the gift of Captain D. Francisco Cosio y Mier to the monastery. The pious soldier declared that being desirous of presenting such an image to the church, he went into the forest to select wood proper for making it, and found a tree in the shape of a cross from which he deter mined to take it. Having obtained the wood, he was in despair about finding a sculptor skill ful enough to fashion the image, so he knelt and sought divine aid. When he arose, a strange Spaniard was standing near him who said he was from Granada. He gave this man welcome in his home, told him his difficulty, and the stranger, who was a carpenter—miraculously, one perceives—told him that the Lord commanded him to do the statue. Thereupon the carpenter asked for tools, which were all supplied him; and then he locked himself in a room converted into a workshop until the statue was finished. “He then requested me,” says Captain Cosio, "to bring him a confessor to administer the sacrament, because on the fifth day hence he would die. I did so, and he died on the fifth day as he had believed he would.” Such was the ancient faith of the islands. And why not today? Is it not in the books? Were not the witnesses unimpeachable? But, fifty years ago Spain went republican and revolu tionary, and heresy skeptical of the miraculous insinuated itself into the minds of men even in this colony, where present welfare rather than humble devotion in the hope of future rewards began to be talked about and desired. The friars rebuked it, but could not keep it away. The monarchy was soon restored and the mailed fist came down hard, but despite all another day had definitely dawned in the world; it was the era of science, and its light had reached the Philippines. It wants everything proved by mathematical rule and compass and not by judicial investigations, and the things of the spirit don’t always submit themselves to rules and compasses. The friars, puzzled, think it more than passing strange that men may live upon the very site of all these wondrous works and yet not believe in them; for they were certainly very real in their time. By faith ye can remove mountains. Some of the scientists are bold enough to say that in the degree man feels his helplessness he leans upon heaven, and as the modification of institutions and improve ment of tools add to his self reliance he grows proud and independent of heaven’s intervention. It may be. But what of the day, it must have been in 1623, when the Taycosama of Japan crucified the Central America New Abaca Field for United States NOTE.—The Philippines lose because of inanition, subsist in penury because determined seemingly . times and under all conditions to trust in the Lord without helping themselves. The president of the Chamber of Commerce, Captain H. L. Heath, demonstrated in a recent article published in this Journal that Sumatra has the jump on the Philippines in abac&: Sumatra produces first rate fiber better standardized by economical methods utilizing machinery to the utmost and hand labor to the least degree possible. He suggested that unless the Philippines undertake timely reforms, they will gradually forfeit preeminence in the manila hemp field which up to date constitutes a monopoly. But Senator Alegre and others were at once ready with the usual cold water with rainbows lurking in the bottom of the pool. No, the Philippines couldn’t change; no, there was really no cause for alarm. Well, neither as sumption is at all correct: the Philippines can change their farm methods in manila hemp as in any other crop: it is all a question of financing and executive interests getting together, the planters and their financial backers or bankers, and there is real cause for alarm about bigger-scale plantations of manila hemp outside the Phil ippines both in the East and West Indies. The Journal doesn’t care to repeat what the newspapers have been saying on the subject, but reproduces the latest report from Central America.—ED. Experimentation looking toward the estab lishment of abaca plantations in different sections of Central America are being carried on by the Department of Agriculture, according to a statement just issued. Fiber from the abaca plant, sometimes known as manila hemp, is largely used in making manila rope. The entire world’s supply of the fiber now comes from the Philippines, with the exception of a few hundred bales produced in Netherlands East Indies. A collection of approximately 1,400 selected plants were brought from the Philippines to the Canal Zone during the summer of 1925. Thus far the plants have made a satisfactory growth, but it will be necessary to continue experimental work for at least two years before it can be ejetermined whether or not it will be practicable to produce abaca on a commercial scale in tropical America, according to the statement. The full text of the statement follows: Assures Plentiful Supplies In order that United States may be assured a plentiful supply of rope at reasonable prices the United States Department of Agriculture is making an effort to establish plantations of abaca in different sections of Central America. Fiber from the abaca plant, sometimes known as manila hemp, is used largely in making manila twenty-three martyrs at Nagasaki and put the city to fire and sword because it had accepted Christ? San Pedro Bautista was among them, the Franciscan who had prepared himself for the sacrifice by mortifications and penance at the sanctuary of San Francisco del Monte; but there were Jesuits and Dominicans and Recollects too, and some were women. The oil painting of their martyrdom hangs in a little chapel at the Franciscan monastery. Pope Pio IX cano nized them all on June 8, 1862. All Spaniards in the islands are expected to revere their memory. Preparations for the hanging of the memorial in the chapel consumed six months and two million reales, and no such gorgeous ceremonies ever occurred in the islands before or since. They were the entire order of the day for nine consecutive days, a novenario, and honored by the highest officials. Delegations poured into Manila from all surrounding villages, each with their particular cross and standard. Three military companies led the march, and cannons volleyed and bells rang loud as the procession filed along the streets. At the cost of the city, the Very Noble and Ever Loyal City of Manila, a castle of powder was set up on the Plaza de Armas, now Plaza McKinley, and burned that first evening as a part of the brilliant illumina tions. And so on, day after day, the emotions of the people rising to greater and greater heights of enthusiasm. This was the Christian answer in the 17th century to the pagan crime. “The Ayuntamiento, upon the ecclesiastical author ization, nominated the martyrs patrons of the city May 20, 1631, promising to celebrate their fiesta every year and to contribute annually eight cirios and 24 candles, as is done to this day.” Huerta wrote in 1865. rope, and the entire world’s supply of the fiber now comes from the Philippines, with the ex ception of a few hundred bales produced in Netherlands India. More than one-third .of the fiber produced is used in the United States, and the present production is barely sufficient to meet the world demand. Many of the abaca growers are now planting coconuts in the fields that were formerly planted to abaca and two different plant diseases that have appeared during recent years have either damaged or entirely destroyed the abaca crop on limited areas. It has been apparent, in view of these conditions, that an effort should be made to establish the abaca industry in tropical regions other than the Philippines. Luzon Brokerage Co. Derham Building Port Area SPACE for RENT OFFICES Automobiles by Month General Merchandise Bonded Cargo Rates Reasonable Furnished on Application Tel. 2-24-21 Available now—should be in big demand soon! TAKE ADVANTAGE IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 EDITORIAL OFFICES American Chamber of Commerce 180 CALLE DAVID P. O. Box 1638 Telephone 1156 THE HEGIRA We cannot be so sanguine as we should like to be over the political hegira to Washington. However, less harm may come of it than the possibilities suggest. Pilgrims have set out for Washington .before and valiantly sought advantages there, yet the country has kept on forward. Good men and fertile countries are hard to keep down, you can’t keep ’em down. In Manila the critical note in the younger element of the press should continue to be sounded with increasing vigor, for it wails justly about anomalies grown all but intolerable. Let editors all remember that the textbook situation isn’t improved by two men’s going away, nor the shipping situation, nor the crop situation; and that all these are present problems to be discussed and solved under any circumstances, new or old, that may continue or be created by political maneuvering. Jealous of its position as the fourth estate, the press should keep on probing so the people may know. Let us consider as put behind us definitely the day when at the beat of the tomtoms the public would figuratively don tight silk breeches and mother-of-pearl roundabouts and join the martial ranks of the barangays and pangulos. CAPITAL The best advantages from capital a country may enjoy are those adhering to domestic capital. All men who live within their income amass a little of this capital, and many men in the Philippines have a good deal of it. The terms therefore on which the National Development Company would dispose of the several government companies subsidiary to that company, to adequately financed entities, preferably going domestic concerns, are the soundest that could be suggested. It ought to be possible at least to sell Sabani estate and the Cement company locally. PHILIPPINE TONNAGE As we go to press the newspapers are pessimistic over the chances of the interisland shipping bill in the legislature, where it does not seem to have the sanction of the senate president. His statement cabled back from China to the Tribune rather too deftly sidesteps the issue, leaving it all to his colleagues, who may not know how to please him and are likely to decide upon no action whatever as the safest course. This is regret table. Made a common-carriers act, the bill ought to become law. Such action has been urged by the chambers of commerce, and they are the bodies best acquainted with what the public has been compelled to endure. Practically in this instance they are the voice of the people. Governed by the common-carriers clause, foreign owners might safely be given author ity to replace their old tonnage with new ships. There are at least two advantages in this: the new ships would be better than the old tubs now being used, which will continue in service if the act fails of passage, and passage of the act would make the common-carriers clause effective. If members do not wish to permit the foreign owners to buy new ships, then they might at least pass the common-carriers clause; but,’for a period at least, the two should go together. NEW SCHOOL TAXES The proposed new school taxes to bring 1-1/2 million pesos more into the school fund annually are less objectionable because they are excise taxes, but it is absurd to think that they would in any degree whatever solve the schools problem. It is founded in too many errors. Apparently it has been assumed that books take the place of qualified teachers. This can never occur, even when the books are excellent, and excellence is not a quality of many of the adopted textbooks. Suppose there were no books, then what teacher would be fit to stand before a class? Only the teacher to whom the textbook is an aid, not a complete reliance. But the text book question, though important enough to claim more of our attention at a later time, is after all a minor one. There are about a third of our children of school age in school, with the schools absorbing about a third of the tax revenues. Why? Because of the centralized system. This territory will one day discover what Japan discovered when she undertook popular education, and that is that the centralized system defeats itself because of the excessive cost. When this discovery is made the insular government will fix the scholastic qualifications of teachers in several gradations, maintain normal schools and possibly prescribe examinations; and it will leave the qualified teachers to deal with the local authorities for jobs, having first granted to the towns the right to impose the necessary taxes. When the schools become the main business of the towns, more of them will be maintained at less cost. Some communities will have shorter terms and some longer, but all will have what they can afford and there will be a balance between work and school. SCOTT NEARING Most of what Scott Nearing exploited in his speeches at the Y. M. C. A. (not under the auspices of that institution, however) and the Uni versity could be admitted as the obvious faults of society—for which bolshe vism is not a remedy. As an antidote to Nearing, Junius B. Wood’s unbiased paper on Russia today in the November 1926 Geographic ought to be read. Nearing himself said that society in Russia had been erected into seventeen classes by means of a wage scale. This single fact dismisses his whole argument, for outside Russia no such aristocracy exists in the modern world. These classes of his are parallel and rigid. You get into one of them and you stay put. Russia is still bubbling from the heat of revolution that hasn’t simmered down. When it finally cools, Russia will be like the rest of the world and share its respect for property. This respect for property doesn’t rest with men, but with women. Man is a mystic, but woman makes him work-a-day and practical. When man espouses celibacy, he goes up into a mountain or immures himself in a monastery and communes with mystery—calling it God. But when he espouses woman he works, and he works for her and her cubs. He works, too, for a particular woman, one who has put the Indian sign on him. In this city there may be 150,000 women. One of them, we know, has just had a birthday. She is the one who has the Indian sign on us—caus ing us to work through this beautiful Sunday—so she is the one whose birthday was honored with some plate for the table. We don’t give a hang for plate, there isn’t another darn table in town we’d care to buy a piece of it for; but we certainly do wish we might load this particular lady’s table down with it. Nearing’s case isn’t different from ours, nor Russia’s either. Communism doesn’t work, it makes the women cross, it isn’t biological. GORDIAN KNOTS Much has been done toward clarifying our organic act, but it is not enough so long as P3,500,000 of public works funds and other moneys loaned to the provinces are held from expenditure because the board pro vided in the law to apportion them seems to be an illegal one like the board of control which was abolished, and the board of university regents which still functions. Some authority should cut these Gordian knots at once and have all the agony over with. The improvements are needed. Who ever could go to court and doesn’t do it, is the fellow who is to blame. The insular auditor believes the loan board illegal, he has so ruled. Then let the supposed members sitting illegally be eliminated, so that they may have their day in court and the country may have the money. NEWSIES We hope no attention whatever will be paid the proposal to register newsboys and number them with brass tags. If the residents of this town have to depend upon the police to chastise an occasional delinquent among these jolly ragamuffins, then the residents have fallen to a hope less ebb in citizenship. The proposal is only designed to evoke fear of government in the juvenile mind, and the best part of this mind has always been that it flicks its nose at government and finds means of beating all regulations—so as to distribute more papers in less time, and please more customers. The self-reliance all these boys acquire offsets over and over again the petty infractions of the law some of them may commit. It may rain, but your morning paper comes; and typhoons may blow down trees and electric wires, the newsies somehow get through the entanglements and bring your paper. Let ’em alone. October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 Freeing Our Towns From Imperial Manila’s Mandates Two Basic Decisions for Towns in High Court’s October Grist October, 1927, should be a red-letter month to all men in the Philippines whose business it is as public officials of the towns and provinces to make and enforce ordinances and acts; for two decisions have come down from the supreme court tending to make such officials more inde pendent in their positions from interference by Manila—imperial Manila—who would too often rather ruin than fail to rule. In the first case, 27209, Andres M. Gabriel effected a legal agreement with the municipal authorities of Angeles, Pampanga, in the form of license granted him under the terms of exist ing ordinances, to erect a rice mill in that town. The town is well centered in a rice district, has about 23,000 inhabitants, and only three other rice mills in active operation; so that there seem ed a good opportunity for Gabriel to engage in the milling business. Twenty years earlier the town had adopted an ordinance relating to the installation of steam engines, and in 1906 had amplified this action by defining a zone within which such engines would not be permitted by law. The record shows that Gabriel’s mill was built outside this zone, and the picture shown here indicates clearly that the mill was actually built in a locality given over very largely to just such enterprises. But there were objectors, which is all right, of course; and to quiet their protests and clarify Gabriel’s rights the council stated officially “that the site selected * * * for his steam engine is outside the radius or square desig nated * * * in resolution 237, series of 1906.” But the objectors kept on. “We’ll go to Manila with this,” they said. And they went to Manila, where the usual license with local affairs was taken. The assistant executive secretary proceeded to rule that although the mill (already built and operating, the reader must bear iri mind) was outside the prohibited zone, the town had grown since the zone was defined and the zone “now includes the lot in question, and to all intents and purposes it impliedly comes within the purview of the pro hibition. * * * This office (so distant from the scene of conflict) fails to see sufficient and good reasons why the municipal council granted a license to Mr. Gabriel to install and operate his rice mill within the poblacidn, which con stitutes, when in operation, a menace and a nuisance to the neighborhood." After this effusion, the courts had their in nings, when the provincial board of Pampanga, following the executive ruling, annulled Gabriel’s license and an appeal to the executive bureau itself failed because some of the councilmen apparently got cold feet. The necessary twothirds vote was not obtained. (Ought such a majority be required by the law? Why not a simple majority, which is enough to enact an ordinance or repeal one?) The courts saw the question in a new light altogether, the high court saying through Mr. Justice George A. Malcolm, sustained by the whole bench: “The only ground upon which a provincial board may declare any municipal resolution, ordinance, or order invalid is when such resolu tion, ordinance, or order is ‘beyond the powers conferred upon the council or president (mayor) making the same. Absolutely no other ground is recognized by law’. ” No more of the decision is quoted, because it is desired for this essential part to stand out clear, and be caught by the intelligence of all to whom these presents come. The council had all along proceeded within its rights under the law, its duty indeed, and the court thought “it is time to deal a blow against higher usurpation of local autonomy,” arid for Gabriel to pro ceed with the business of hulling rice by machin ery instead of leaving the job, quite a heavy one, tc the women. Gabriel’s mill was closed down for a fortnight, throwing twelve men temporarily out of work, while the cost of the proceedings to Gabriel’s pocket was P6.000. His investment in the mill is 1’20,000, including the cost of installation. The data are quoted from his letter in reply to inquiry. The Journal admires his civic spirit and determination. It believes the decision will eventually reveal many more men of his type, and the type of the officials who saw him through his difficulty. The court was of the opinion that politics entered into the protest, but if these little affairs are confined to the communities where they arise and the couits are just and independent, the best man usually wins and social growth occurs. Everything, of course, hinges upon the courts. Andres Gabriel and His Rice Mill (Right Fore-Ground), Angeles, Pampanga. The other case arose in Zamboanga, Min danao, and involved the considerable license revenue collected by the town from the sale of liquor in addition to the insular taxes imposed, the licensee alleging double taxation. Facts were agreed upon by the parties to the suit, and the court ruled on the point “whether or not the ordinance in question should be placed under the power to tax and held void, or under the power to license and held valid. * * * In the broadest possible manner, the municipal councils within the confines of Mindanao and Sulu are given power over the sale of intoxi cating liquors.” Executive intervention from Manila was not directly involved, nevertheless the decision, sustaining the lower court’s, that the ordinance regulatory of the liquor traffic was valid and the high license fees legal, will be a guidepost to restrain Manila from its wonted intervention in matters remote from the field or the interest of the general government—better called the general public administration. “The municipal authorities,” says the court, Mr. Justice Malcolm also penning this decision, “* * * were attempting, under the power to license, to regu late the sale of liquors. If under ordinances thus enacted incidental revenue should accrue, it would not undermine the validity or the local provisions. * * * The ordinance * * * concerns the sale of liquois, which should be classified as a nonuseful business. It will also be recalled that the licenses are not only in tended for the strictly related power to regulate but might extend so far as to prohibit. “The courts should not adopt a policy of petty picking at municipal officials who are attempting to perform their duties, and so, through judicial interference, unduly embarrass municipal admin istration.” Such decisions are most encouraging. It goes without saying that the petty authority of the towns would sometimes endeavor to inject favoritism and partiality into legislation, but the courts, where they may be enjoined from such action, remain as the constitutional remedy. When men realize that the little offices actually carry power that may not be infringed by Manila, better men, on the average, will permit their names to go before the people in the town elec tions. Vice-President John W. Haussermann, who is also vice-president of the Benguet Consolidated Mining Company, has returned to Manila together with Walter Beam, president of the mining company. The company has some new ore on E level assaying $1,041 to the ton and approximating $500,000 in total value. One paper got it 800,000 tons running $25,000 to the ton but this proved to be an exaggeration. Nor has the company resorted to barbed-wire en tanglements to protect the gold, going only so far as to have guards. Mining continues its progress in the Benguet district and the Conso lidated has the lion’s share thus far. Director Samuel F. Gaches, president of H. E. Heacock Company, who recently returned with Mrs. Gaches to Manila, speaks encouragingly of the run of business in the United States, the big market for surplus products from this terri tory. Cotton is up, for one thing, creating vast buying power over a large section of the southern states. MONEY IN CIRCULATION September 24: 1’142,445,024—Philippine coins 1’21,272,531; treasury certificates 1’91,456,388; banknotes 1’29,716,105. Government Reserves: Gold Standard Fund, Manila 1’6,838,842, New York 1’16,512,540; Treasury Certificate Fund, Manila P22,081,281, New York 1’69,375,107; Total P114,807,771. Combined bank resources, total, 1’225,422,719. Demand deposits, 1’66,567,786; time deposits 1’50,023,971. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 Downing Street Determined to Dictate in Europe <§> <§> <§> Is It Behind Japan’s New Demands on China? Three Guesses NOTE.—The Chicano Daily Xcus has made another round of the chancelleries of Europe. The following is what Constantine Brown, London correspondent, learned at No. 10 Downing Street. Do our readers also want Edgar Ansel Mower’s paper from Berlin, Paul Scott Mower’s on Paris, and Hiram Kelly Moderwell’s on Rome?—ED. When the conservative government leaves office its successors will have much to amend as far as the internal state of affairs is concerned, but they will find a very well-defined line to follow as regards the British foreign policy. The foreign policy of the Baldwin cabinet is so clear that it can be classified in three distinct categories: First, to secure for Great Britain the position of supreme arbitrator in Europe: second, a policy of better understanding and friendliness toward the United States, and third, a strong, ruthless policy in the east to re-estab lish British prestige and strengthen the ties of empire. Chamberlain’s last act of entanglement in European affairs was the signature of the Locarno treaty, for which he was severely criticized by his own party. Ever since, the policy of the foreign office has been no longer the foreign secre tary’s own, but that of all the members of the cabinet. They realized that Britain’s position would be stronger and more effective in keeping Europe quiet if this country were not entangled in alliances and compromises. No Pledges Given The various meetings of the British foreign secretary with Mussolini and Briand, which have caused so many comments, have not re sulted in the British pledging themselves to any special compromise. Mussolini obtained from the British a free hand in the Balkans provided that he promised not to endanger western Eu rope’s peace, and Briand has had the British government’s assurance that it will do its utmost to prevent an aggressive policy on the part of Italy. During the visit of Frisident Doumergue last May, the French foreign secretary tried to induce Sir Austen Chamberlain to enter into a Mediter ranean pact, but the only commitment he was able to draw from the British secretary was that the question of the Mediterranean littoral is a Latin one, and that Britain is interested only in preserving for itself a naval supremacy there in order to keep its communications with the empire against any combination of the riparian powers. This policy of conceding to Italy the right of bullying the Balkans, of promising France a friendly arbitration in case of trouble with Italy, a sincerely friendly attitude toward Germany and a powerful air and sea fleet has insured to Great Britain the role of arbitrator which it has been seeking since last year. Change Toward United States There was much ill-feeling against the United States both in the British government and among the public; Downing street hated the idea of frequently taking a lead from the white house in many internatiqnal questions, and the British public was jealous of America’s prosperity, Britain being driven to a secondary place as an economic power. The war debts, labeled frequently by British economists as “Britain’s war indemnity to the United States,” had also much to do with this unfriendly feeling. There are, however, in the British cabinet, men who see further than this, and realize that a close co operation, not a cut and dried alliance, between the two English-speaking countries will be more beneficial to the British empire than fruitless squabbles. The co-operation of the American destroyers at Nanking when British and Ameri can lives were threatened, and Lindbergh’s wonderful achievement, appealed to the sporting instincts of the British people and helped more than any speeches of ambassadors or American and English public men. In the last few months there has been a distinct change in the public feeling in this country in regard to the United States, and Chamberlain has taken advantage of this change to direct the policy of the foreign office toward a closer co-operation with America in all international affairs. There are and will be many questions on which both governments will be compelled to disagree. This is inevitable, but, on the whole, there is no doubt that the British foreign office is endeavoring to work with the white house in a friendly co-operation. When the Baldwin cabinet resigns and a new general election takes place, the conservatives want to go to the country as the only postwar administration which has strengthened British prestige and restored it to its prewar standard. The policy toward Russia, the heavy expenditure of the British expeditionary corps in China, the “strong” policy in Egypt and India, are all part of this policy. Since the end of the war the British have met with only reverses in the near and far east, reverses which have seriously endangered their position in India and their other far eastern possessions. The Russian government, which is following, as far as Great Britain is concerned, the imperialistic policy of Catherine the Great has taken advantage of this situation, and contrived by clever pro paganda and lavish expenditure to increase Britain’s difficulties in the far east. The capi tulation of the British to the Chinese nationalists at Hankow has been cleverly exploited by the Russians in India. The British realize full well that in some distant future they will be compelled to give up their domination of India and Egypt, but they want to gain time, and, while preparing those countries for self-government, they want also to prepare the ground to give the English manu facturers the monopoly of those markets when they cease to be English crown colonies. For this they must postpone the inevitable as long as possible, and a rebellion in India or Egypt would be fatal just now. Success in China To foil Russia’s plans they had to adopt drastic measures. For this purpose they have sacri ficed the possibility of good business with the soviets; they have displayed the mailed fist to the Egyptians when the latter showed signs of taking their independence too seriously, and are spending about $30,000,000 a month in China just “to keep the flag flying.” Hundreds of millions of dollars are thus lost when the British treasury is in sore need of them; but the eastern ers “are learning that it is no good trying to twist the lion’s tail.” So far this policy has been successful. The Egyptians have accepted un conditionally a British general at the head of their army; there are signs that the Chinese nationalists will come to terms with the British; a beginning of revolt in India was ruthlessly suppressed a few weeks ago and reports indicate that the Indians will keep quiet for a while. The cavalier dismissal of the soviet embassy from London has undoubtedly weakened not only the prestige of the soviets throughout the world, but also, according to the foreign office, among their own people in Russia. E. L. Whitney has come to Manila as the representative of the Ford Motor Company to make headquarters with the company’s enter prising Philippine agents, the Manila Trading and Supply Company, to cooperate in the exten sion of Ford business. He will remain in the islands some time. J. F. Mann, Westinghouse representative, has come to Manila to make headquarters with the E. J. Nell Co., Ltd., Westinghouse agents in the Philippines, and H. H. Rogge, who has been in Manila for two years in the same capacity, is taking over the Federated Malay States and Dutch East Indies field and leaving the islands for Singapore. INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu. Mr. and Mrs. John Wagner had the misfortune to lose their son Frank, aged eight, in September. He and his brother were playing and he fell from the roof of the garage, severely fracturing his right arm. Blood poisoning developed after the arm was set. W. A. McKellar, manager of the machinery department of Macleod and Company, has been ill for several weeks and is now endeavoring to recuperate his health in Baguio. President H. B. Pond of the Pacific Com mercial Company has returned with Mrs. Pond to Manila after an extended business visit to the United States, where he reports general conditions such as to be an assurance of con tinued demand for Philippine surplus products sold principally in that market. In September a group of prominent Manilans formed a nonpartisan civic league with Judge Camus at the head for the purpose of advancing the interests of Manila as a community. It has been announced that the Philippine Carnival Association will not hold a carnival in 1928 and the director has gone to America, but a city carnival movement is underway and may ma terialize in the usual annual festival that has become the islands’ most widely known insti tution. Labor Commissioner Ligot has returned to Honolulu after spending a month in the Phil ippines where labor leaders made the usual attacks upon him. His recipe for reducing emigration is a better deal locally for labor and promotion of the homestead movement. Professor George Pope Shannon, head of the English department of the University college of liberal arts, is sanguine over the progress in grasping English displayed by a number of university students, especially as exemplified in a standard test to which the students were recently submitted. A young lady proved herself master of a graduate’s vocabulary, two others, freshmen, were on a par with juniors. Professor Shannon opposes the doctrine so widely exploited in the lower schools that tends to provincialize the scope of English in the Philippines. He recommends attention to the classics of the language,—the special heritage of no nation or people,—and the cultivation of discernment of speech. A litigant sixty years old in a land case from San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, appeared in the Supreme Court October 7 to argue in his own behalf in Tagalog, but the court ruled his brief should be presented either in Spanish or English and gave him three days to have a translation made. San Isidro is a conservative Tagalog community. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 I I COMBINE THE USE OF “SHELL MOTOR OILS” WITH “SHELL GASOLINE” FOR SPEED, SAFETY, AND SATISFACTION SINGLE SHELL ( LIGHT BODY) For your Ford Car or Ford Truck DOUBLE SHELL (MEDIUM BODY) Foryour Auburn or—Buick,—Cadillac, Chalmers, Chandler, Chevrolet, Citroen, —'-Dodge,—Essex,—Gray,—Haynes, Hudson, Hupmobile,—Jewett,—Lincoln, Loco mobile,—Marmon, Maxwell, Minerva, Moon, Morris,—Nash,—Oakland, Olds mobile, Overland,—Packard, Paige, Pierce-Arrow—Renault, Reo, Rickenbacker,— Scripps-Booth, Standard, Studebaker, Stutz,—Willys-Knight, Wolseley touring car(s). Also for your Bethlehem-truck or your Buick,—Chevrolet, Clydesdale,—Daim ler, Dennis, Dodge,—Federal,—Garford, G.M.C. Graham, Gray,—International,— Jewett,—Maxwell,—Overland,—Peerless,—Reo, and Traffic truck(s). 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IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 Sweden the Unallied: Princes and Paternalism By John Gunther Whether for good or ill, Sweden may be said to represent the highest type of state socialism yet seen in the world. There is a king, true enough, and a real one. There is private property, which one may be sure is firmly intrenched. There is hardly a shadow of bolshevism. Nevertheless, through a remarkable series of paternalistic measures by various governments, Sweden has become es sentially socialist. The present cabinet is conservatively inclined, but it is a stop-gap. If one wants to see how expertly a modern country can experiment with socialism, Sweden is the place to visit. Imagine for a few moments that you are a Swede—and there are fewer more individual, more compact, more homogeneous nationalities— and inspect curiously your relations to your state. State Aids from Birth. First of all, when a Swede is bom he becomes state property in a sense then and there. Sweden has the lowest birth rate of any country in Eu rope, 17.53 in 1925. In every town there is a child welfare board, and if a child is destitute the board takes care of the baby. Children born out of wedlock are assigned a “welfare guardian,” according to a law in force since 1918. In any case, from the very beginning the state takes its residents on. As the child grows up it goes to schools—run by the state. The excellent Swedish educa tional system will take the child from the age of 6 to 21, at state expense. Every parish has its primary school, state-inspected. There are two state universities, Upsala and Lund. As one result of it all there is practically no illiteracy in Sweden. The rate is below 1 per cent. If one takes a railway journey, in nine cases out of ten it will be on a state-owned car, engine and right of way. • In Sweden only 1,461 kilo meters of rail are privately owned. When a passenger takes a street car in one of the larger cities, Stockholm, Malmo or Gothenburg, the penny fare goes to the state. If one telegraphs, a state-paid operator sends the message over state-owned wires. Telephones are a state business from beginning to end, and the service is admirable. Stockholm has more telephones per capita than any other city in Europe, and in total number of phones exceeds every city except London and Berlin. There are 12,451 telephones, for example, in Rome; in Stockholm, 134,000. But these are types of government ownership ,A little higher, but|— the most (skillful blend in cigarette history FATIMA and control familiar almost everywhere in Europe. Sweden is more individual, more subtle, in her control. Rules Over Liquors and Drugs. For instance, if one wants to take a drink, that is a state matter emphatically. Alcohol is regulated by a curious system to be described later. If one wants to buy a bottle of medicine, again the state enters in. All druggists’ shops are state-operated, and only a specified number are licensed in each town. If one is ill a state hospital is around the corner. The ambulance man arrives and says, "Don’t worry, madam— this is all free.” Many persons are interested in mining. Nearly every one in Sweden is. The great iron beds in Norrland are the economic life-spot of the country. They are not so much mines as quar ries. Kiruna, for instance, is a mountain literally composed of iron and the iron is obtained merely by leveling the mountain down. Sweden has not actually reached state ownership of these and other mines, but it is very close. The mining companies are given grants by the state, and in the chief one, the Trafikaktiebolaget Grangesberg-Oxelosund, the state owns the preferred stock. In addition, the state reserves the right to purchase the ordinary stock any time after 1947. Meanwhile the mines must supply the Swedish market first— even if at a loss—and they are state audited and controlled. Help for Infirm and Old. But more interesting are the adventures of Sweden in more individual paternalistic legis lation. If a person is sick, the state pays the hospital bill (provided the citizen is needy), and- in some cases pays sick insurance also. This dates from 1912. In 1913 a law was passed instituting compulsory old age and disablement insurance. When citizens reach 67, they must quit work—at least if they are one of the 3,710,000 on the state registers (63 per cent of the population). With a systematic poor relief law in force, there are no aged poor in Sweden. In 1912 an accident insurance law was passed. Unem ployment is considerable (about 55,000 just now), and the unemployed receive state doles. In addition the state fixes maximum rent for houses, maintains a special cabinet minister for social questions and inspects the newspapers. That is, a state committee functions “to preserve the liberty of the press.” In 1919 a forty-eight-hour week bill was passed for laborers, the most advanced in Europe outside Russia. There is no getting away from, the state in Sweden. For when one dies (if necessary) the state buries him. High Taxes One Result. All this has been by no means an unmixed blessing, Stockholm people are quick to say. For one thing, it makes people lazy. There is little incentive to save if a citizen knows ab solutely the state will take care of his dotage; bankers say that savings accounts have seriously gone down. For another thing, it has led to considerable labor and class struggle, since these measures did not go down the throats of the conservatives too easily. For still another, it has played fury with taxes. All this paternalism must be paid for. Sweden is by no means a poor country, but neither is it overwhelmingly rich. And taxation has soared. In some cases income tax reaches—for small incomes—an average of 10 per cent. And Sweden is an expensive country. Wages are high, true enough, but living is higher. The index number for wholesale prices on a 1914 basis rose to 339.2 a few years ago. It has sunk from that appalling figure, but it still is very high. On the other hand, this socialization has produced immense benefits. One can tell a good deal about a county’s spirit from very little things. We were in Sweden a month and not once did we see a beggar.—Chicago Daily News. (The next article in this series, telling how Sweden, with not a single political alliance and without engaging in war in 113 years, has led in outlawing war, will apear in November.—Ed.) NICHOLAS ROOSEVELT ON MCINTYRE Major General Frank McIntyre, chief of the bureau of insular affairs, is being boomed for the Philippines governorship, which makes timely the following comment by Nicholas Roosevelt of the editorial staff of the New York Times in his recent book, The Philip pines—A Treasure and a Problem: “There has naturally been a tendency to blame Secretary of War Baker for Mr. Harri son’s acts. Although technically responsible, as head of the War Department, Mr. Baker became so engrossed in America’s war prepara tions shortly after the new law (The Jones Law of 1916) went into effect that he can hardly be held to account personally for the maladminis tration of the Philippines. The same is not true, however, of the Bureau of Insular Affairs. That bureau, one of the most important in the War Department, has, as its special duty, to watch the administration of the Philippines, and to advise the Secretary of War about Phil ippine problems. The reports of the GovernorGeneral come to the bureau, and the Secretary’s instructions are drawn up by it. “The very fact of Mr. Baker’s absorption in war work made this organization’s responsibility for checking Mr. Harrison’s supineness all the greater. As far as the public knows the bureau did little to make the Secretary of War realize how his own instructions (as contained in his long letter to Mr. Harrison) were being flouted and how the very things which he had sought to prevent were being brought to pass. * * * It stands to reason, therefore, that if anyone other than Governor Harrison could have checked the demoralizing progress of overhasty Filipinization of the Islands it was the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs.” Mr. Justice James A. Ostrand of the supreme court has returned to Manila from the United States with his daughter Margaret, who, grad uated from her university course, has become his secretary. Mrs. Ostrand remained in Amer ica with their younger daughter. James, jr., pursues his course at West Point. Justice Ostrand found remarkable interest in the Phil ippines in the middle west, a contrast with the indifference heretofore noted there. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD By Thomas Gray FAITHFULLY REPRODUCED FROM A “HARPER’S” OF 1853 Oft did the harvest to their sickle yield; Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke; How jocund did they drive their team a-fleld! How bow’d the woods beneath their sturdy stroke! Let not Ambition mock their useful toil, Their homely joys, and destiny obscure; <T^HE Curfew tolls the knell of parting day; "*■ The lowing herd winds slowly o’er the lea; The plowman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me. Nor Grandeur hear, with a disdainful smile. Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight, And all the air a solemn stillness holds, Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight, And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds: The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn, The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed, The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, And all that beauty, all that wealth, e’er gat Await, alike, th’ inevitable hour;— The cock’s shrill clarion, or the echoing horn, The paths of glory lead but to the grave. No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. Save that, from yonder ivy-mantled tower. The moping Owl does to the Moon complain Of such as, wandering near her secret bower, Molest her ancient solitary reign. For them, no more the blazing hearth shall burn, Or busy housewife ply her evening care; No children run to lisp their sire’s return, Or climb his knees, the envied kiss to share. Nor you, ye proud! impute to these the fault, If Memory o’er their tomb no trophies raise; Where, through the long-drawn aisle and fretted vault. The pealing anthem swells the note of praise. 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 192: Can storied urn, or animated bust, Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath? Can Honor’s voice provoke the silent dust? Or Flattery soothe the dull cold ear of Death? Some village Hampden, that, with dauntless breast, The little tyrant of his fields withstood; Some Cromwell, guiltless of his country’s blood. Their sober wishes never leam’d to stray; Along the cool, sequestered vale of life, They kept the noiseless tenor of their way. Perhaps, in this neglected spot, is laid Yet e’en these bones from insult to protect, Some heart, once pregnant with celestial fire; Hands, that the rod of empire might have sway’d, Or wak’d to ecstasy the living lyre. Th’.applause of listening senates to command; The threats of pain’and ruin to despise; To scatter plenty o’er a smiling land. And read their history in agnation’s eyes, Some frail memorial still, erected nigh. With uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture deck’d, Implores the passing tribute of a sigh. But Knowledge, to their eyes, her ample page, Rich with the spoils of time, did ne'er unroll; Chill Penury repressed their noble rage, And froze the genial current of the saul. Their growing virtues, but their crimes confin'd; Forbad to wade through slaughter to a throne, And shut the gates of mercy on mankind. Full many a gem of purest ray serene The struggling pangs of conscious truth to hide; The dark unfathom’d caves of ocean bear; Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, To quench the blushes of ingenuous shame; Or heap the shrine of Luxury and Pride, For who, to dumb Forgetfulness a prey, This pleasing, anxious being e’er resign’d; Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day, With incense kindled at the Muse's flame. Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind? October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 mindful of th’ unhonor’d dead, Dost in these lines their artless talc relate; “There, at the foot of yonder nodding beech, That wreathes its old fantastic roots so high His listless length, at noontide, would he stretch, And pore upon the brook that babbles by. “One morn, I miss’d him on the ’custom’d hill, Along the heath, and near his favorite If ’chance, by lonely Contemplation led, Another came,—nor yet beside the rill, Some kindred spirit shall inquire thy fate; Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood, was he; The Complete Line of Office Equipment THE effect of good equipment and pleasant surroundings on the morale of a business organization can not be denied. The business planned with an eye to efficiency and harmony usually has an advantage in loyalty of employees and good will of customers not shared by others. The Complete Line of GF Allsteel Office Equipment enables employers to establish just such a condition of efficiency and loyalty in their own organizations. Safes—Filing Equipment, Shelving, Desks—Cash Boxes, Transfer Cases Literature on Request Office Equipment Department PHONE 163 H. E. HEACOCK CO. escolta 123 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 San Miguel is endowed with those rare qualities which make—and keep—friends! The goodness of PALE PILSEN never changes! San Miguel Brewery IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 Soothing the Savage Sulu Breast <§> <®> <§> Finnegan and Considine Say It With Music By Percy A. Hill The colonel of the United States regiment that had relieved the Spanish garrison in Sulu and taken up headquarters at Jolo was really worried. He wasn’t getting enough fighting out of the Moros, who preferred to welcome Uncle Sam with a treaty proposal; and his “single men in barracks” were not growing into plaster saints. Not exactly; Kipling says they never do. Goodness knows he had issued enough stem orders, spread enough official taboos around; but his men were honing for a fight, in the absence of which life in walled-in Jolo re sembled very much the prosaic round of exist ence in a medieval monastery. The colonel’s men were no monks, none of them—not even the regimental chaplain. Now, to crown the bitterness of the weary grind during several months that could only be distinguished from one another on the calendar, Finnegan and Considine were gone. The dregs of the cup were indeed many, the colonel’s cup was full and overflowing with impotent woe. Chinese bootleggers had been trying, the wiles of femi nine Jolo had perhaps been worse, but Finnegan and Considine’s disappearance was the breaking INDESTRUCTO TRUNKS Are the Best Trunks made Why Buy Others? SQUIRES BINGHAM Company Sportsmen’s Headquarters 15 Plaza Goitl Manila Phone 300 WELCH - FAIRCHILD, Ltd. SUGAR FACTORS AND EXPORTERS Agents Hawaiian - Philippine Company Operating Sugar Central Silay, Occ. Negros, P. I. Mindoro Sugar Company San Jos6, Mindoro, P. I. MANILA, P. I. Cable Address: WEHALD, Manila Standard Codes point. The colonel expressed his frank opinion of the situation, but this opinion will not be printed—not in the colonel’s language. Suffice it to say that the colonel was an old Indian cam paigner. With Finnegan and Considine, it had happened this way. Attached to headquarters was, of course, the regimental band, to officiate at guard mount and occasional parades and concerts. Now the trade of an army bandsman seems to excite an inordinate thirst. To know why, try the piccolo for half an hour. Finnegan and Con sidine were not immune to this thirst. Finnegan blew the trombone and Considine the cornet. Bunkies and comrades, they were acknowledged by common acclaim to be the chief ornaments of a band that prided itself on being the best in the Philippines. Finnegan, naturally, had an unquenchable thirst, even without the aggra vating circumstance of winding the trombone. Considine’s thirst was hardly less than Finne gan’s. Their mutual opinion of Volstead, had he then been active in the vineyard of the Lord, could have been best expressed by heaving a brick. The simultaneous visits of the army paymaster and a popular, though reticent, whiskey mer chant to Jolo, eventuated in an impromptu and unofficial holiday for the musicians. Fin negan and Considine not only fuddled them selves with copious and frequent draughts of old Mount Vernon, they invited the entire band to the seashore for a picnic. By sunset, every man was so happily and thoroughly imbued with the spirit of the picnic that none could have played Annie Laurie on a bet. Fortunately, they had not brought along their instruments. Once before, when they had brought them along, eluding the eye of the German bandmaster, they had closed their festal program with a free-for-all fight in which Finnegan waded into the mSlee armed with a clarionet and a cymbal— much in the manner of a Roman gladiator. What little discretion the men cared to take account of, had since advised leaving the instru ments behind. This time there was no battle. Night came on anon, after a gorgeous sunset over the opalescent seas of Sulu; but the band lay hors de combat on the sandy beach, in total oblivion of retreat and call to quarters, blown by unsteady buglers green at the task. It was full nine of the clock before Finnegan and Considine, true authors of this military delinquency, awoke. Whereupon they put their wits together. They decided to return to bar racks, get out the trombone and the cornet, return to the beach and serenade their snoring fellow-bandsmen, and perhaps extend the un expected pleasure to the whole vicinity. A generous remnant of the picnic stock helped them to screw up courage enough to raid the barracks. They did this successfully and re turned to the beach. There they began their unholy duo. The music not only had the effect intended, of getting the others awake; it showed the guard New York Agents: Welch, Fairchild 8a Co., Inc. 135 Front Street San Francisco Agents: Welch & Co., 215 Market Street that the bandsmen were out of bounds, and brought that force and the officer-of-the-day on the run. Considine’s wits would have been too slow for this situation. Finnegan’s were not. Hearing the guards’ footsteps pounding behind him, Finnegan grasped his dismayed bunkie by the arm and took summary command. With their instruments and sundry squat bottles of what was left of the picnic, the two trouba dours beat a hasty retreat down the Jolo shore and left their comrades to face the sentence o “a month and a month’s” alone. They came upon a light vinta, drawn up on shore out of reach of the tide, and sheltered by a clump of bamboo. Finnegan knew what to do. Placing their plunder aboard without further ado, with a mighty heave they launched this craft, and, finding paddles on her, drew off some few hun dred feet into a depth of water that was too much for the v/n fa-less guard. Tipping a bottle, Finnegan and Considine congratulated them selves. Then they took up their instruments and blew forth a lusty blast that at last resolved itself into Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep! For the moment, Finnegan and Considine were ace-high with themselves. But not with the guard, who were frantic. 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But the colonel, interrupted at his evening poker game, vowed the pair to a speedy courtmartial and a stiff sentence of posthole digging when they should be finally rounded up. They at last laid down their instruments, to return to the principal business of the day. Getting to their feet for their bibulous purpose, they promptly tumbled down again. They saw that the vinta rocked too much in the groundswell, so they hoisted sail to steady her a bit. Then they cuddled up and went to sleep—not only truly, but most peril ously, rocked in the cradle of the Sulu deep. Deus affiavit. God sent His wind. During the remainder of the night, a gentle breeze from the south blew the vinta along. When morning came “up like thunder,” as morning does come in the Far East, the vinta was approaching the Pangutarang islands—a good 50 miles from Jolo and the irate colonel. A pick-me-up helped the men’s headaches. After it they took in sail, for the blue combers were breaking on a steep forbidding shore only a little distance ahead. Finnegan and Consi dine were worried, not knowing where they were nor how they came to be there. For the moment they were as little children, but not of the king dom of heaven. They were, in fact, two des perate men whose picnic was over but whose troubles had just begun. On drifted the vinta, the anger of the breakers intensified. Again Finnegan acted, with Considine follow ing suit. They seized the oars, and with lugu brious efforts and copious perspiration they managed to steer the vinta toward a point where the breakers seemed lowest. Either by lucky chance or the faithful dispensation of a merciful providence, the vinta, settling low in the water at the stem, where her cargo of men, Mount Vernon and brass was stowed, was caught up by a groundswell circling the shore and hoisted bodily into a lagoon of comparatively quiet waters. Finnegan, Considine and the horns were none the worse for the experience, save for a generous splashing which did no real harm to any. A few moments’ paddling and the men were able to beach the vinta on a shore of microscopic shells and sand of dazzling whiteness. It was a beauteous shore. But it seemed to be also a deserted shore, and Finnegan and Considine were consumed with hunger. They likewise had a burning desire for water—cool, fresh water. A nearby spring eventually furnished them the water. But against all the canons, and despite the fact that the region is really and justly famed for its luscious and abundant fruits, the shore where our heroes landed was bare of any verdure whose leaves, flowers or tubercles even a famished man would dare to eat. The sail was dragged ashore and a rude awning made of it. Hungry as they were, Finnegan and Considine slept the tropic day away. To ward sundown they awoke, the gnawing at their middles unabated. Hardtack would have been angelfood to them then. In this extremity Finnegan again labored and brought forth an idea. No thought of returning to Jolo, even if they might guess within 90 points of the compass the direction they had come; and they might as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb; so they set off on an adventure inland, carrying along their instruments. They happened to have landed on the main island of the Pangutarangs. It is a long rugged ridge, heavily forested. After prodigious strug gles through the lush vegetation, spiny creepers and thick virgin jungle, they emerged into a half-obliterated path. They followed this some distance, meeting no signs of habitation, for the principal settlements of the island are on the north shore. Exhausted at last and equally discouraged, they flung themselves down in a little clearing at the foot of a balete tree. Here Finnegan fathered another wonderful idea. If the moun tain would not come to Mohammed, then Mo hammed would go to the mountain. If they could find nobody to give them a meal, why not call somebody? So on the still jungle air rose the plaintive sentiment, Home, Sweet Home— an intuitive selection of Considine’s, most ap propriate for the occasion. Warming to their task, they put full force into the good old anthem and sent its reverberations well over the wooded ridge. After a solemn libation, they indulged themselves with an encore of the same appealing melody. This was rubbing the lamp to some purpose. A man, evidently a chief, with three others following, presently appeared at the rim of the clearing. This chief was dressed in pantaloons of what had once been white cotton drill. He sported a blue jacket with tarnished gold trim mings. His headgear was a red cundiman arranged like an Indian potong. For arms he carried a filigreed spear and a serpentine kris, balanced off with an old-fashioned pistol. His followers were more modestly arrayed, but still well armed with kris and spear. It would be difficult to say which of the two parties Was the most astonished, the Moros, to see the white Christians in their bailiwick, or the minstrels, to behold the genii called up by their music. But in spite of his fierce aspect, the old datu seemed a benevolent chap. He pointed out to' sea and tried the bewildered Americanos in Spanish. Their vocabulary in this noble medium being limited, they fell back upon the universal sign language—which seemed to get over with the datu well enough. Approaching them, he gingerly tapped the trombone. Considine countered with a grin from ear to ear, and, pointing pathetically to his mouth and midriff, signified a complete vacuum by tightening his belt. The trio of followers got this quickly, they began murmuring to the datu. Finnegan, seeing it was his move next, gave the preliminary tap. Once more he and Considine raised their instruments to their parching lips. The heart-stirring prophecy of a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight rolled over the hill, with all the variations of the period. At the first enthusiastic blast the datu and his retainers stepped back, involuntarily placing themselves on guard and poising their weapons. But as the concert proceeded its hilarity restored their confidence, they broke down into uncon trollable fits of laughter. The hungry trouba dours had made good. Not only had they tickled savage ears, they had tickled savage risibilities as well; their conquest was complete. Make Your Money Work For You The sooner you open your account, the sooner it will begin to work. Our Savings Accounts Department is anxious to assist you. Do not worry about your time. We will give you quick and efficient service. Your time is gold and so is ours. 4)/2% interest annually, added and compounded quarterly Do your Banking by mail Our provincial customers are highly satisfied with our banking process and their deposits are mailed to us regularly. Won’t you be one of them? One Peso will open a Savings Account with us Write us for further particulars regarding Savings Accounts Philippine Trust Company Commercial and Savings Bank “The Good Service Bank” Tel. 1255 Plaza Goiti, Manila P. O. Box 150 Now Filipinos are musically inclined, there is hardly a Christian community in the islands that does not have its band and orchestra. But it must be remembered that the brass horn, the hoarse tuba, the hautboy and the mellow bombardino were all introduced by the Spaniards and adopted by the natives who yielded to conversion by the evangelizing friars. The usual method was for the padre to arrange a velada, in which the fairest daughters of his flock took star concert parts and for which he could make an admission charge. With a fund thus in hand, the instruments for the parish band would be bought in Manila. Pending their arrival the good padre would make judi cious selection among the young men of his village, and when the instruments came an immediate distribution was made of them. At the same time the announcement was made that the first band practice would take place the next week. Pandemonium naturally reigned in that as piring village for the intervening seven days, but at the very first practice some semblance of harmony, for which the Filipino has a re markable talent, was always achieved. Within a few weeks the padre’s new band could play anything it could get the notes for, while at least some of its members would be composing marches dreamed out of the ancient legends of the race. However, these innovations were not ac cepted by the Mohammedans, the Moros of the south. They knew the guitar, the flute, the wardrum and the clashing gongs and cymbals. The datu of Pangutarang and his men knew these. But the blare of the trombone and th d piercing arias of the modern cornet were new to them, and doubly appreciated from the American strangers. The concert over at last, Datu Akob and his men led the way along a path that the visitors gratefully followed. An hour’s hiking ended at a bamboo stockade around a cluster of spider legged thatched huts, over which a grove of coconuts waved their rustling fronds. Toward the shore stretched a line of other huts, and along a creek another—all on stilts, partly over the land and partly over the water. Entering the compound at the invitation of Akob, Finnegan and Considine were greeted with the yelping of numerous mongrel hounds and the spicy garlic smells of the evening meal, already in the course of preparation. Lights were soon produced, Datu Akob led his guests into the largest and most imposing of the huts and bade them be seated. He proffered cigars, which were accepted with gusto, and he hastened with many hand-clap commands the serving of supper. This was boiled rice, chicken fried in coconut oil—since the Moslem everywhere IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 Advertising Pays Good advertising has become a pretty general habit. Advertisers have caught the new spirit in business presen tation; advertisements are read with greater interest and are really a guide as to what should and should not be bought. There seems to be very small space left in the world for business men who do not advertise in some form or other. People feel there must be something seriously wrong with a business that does not advertise: they fight shy of it. As shrewd observers of what is going on in the ad vertising world, you, readers, have surely noticed how invitingly, intelligently, advertisers present their message to you in the columns of the ESTABLISHED IN 1900 ttW, ^p<CFH^PpiNE COMMEW^S^--- ____ ---- ----.BULLETIN £ MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS 28 YEARS OF FAITHFUL SERVICE UNDER ONE MANAGEMENT IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 spurns pork and its fat—and half a dozen varieties of native fruits. Finnegan and Considine did ample justice to the culinary art sf Datu Akob’s wives and women. Meanwhile a hundred curious spectators foregathered in the house, awaiting the soiree promised them. Some squatted on their hunk ers, Malay fashion; others huddled together, standing, and gossiped in whispers; while in the background the women and slaves were silent and busy with serving and clearing away. On the outskirts of the assemblage lingered the pangulo of Laparan, an outlander to Akob’s tribe, whose gaudy jacket and business-like kris comported with the general demeanor and furtive eye of the fanatic. After the postprandial cigarettes, Datu Akob tapped upon Finnegan's trombone as a signal for a little entertainment. Lifting the instru ments to position, Finnegan and Considine gave the three harmonious blares which are indispensable preliminaries to concerts by army bands. They are a survival of the first military bands of Wallenstein, handed formally down the years: an acknowledgment of the invincible trinity: Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Then Finnegan and Considine burst into Sousa’s El Capitan! If the house was crowded before, it now became packed to the limit. Its posts and joists creaked with the increasing weight of delighted humanity. With the first notes the crowd had shrunk back in fear, just as Akob and his men' had done in the clearing. As the march proceeded, the crowd prepared for flight; then the listeners reassured one another and resolved to hold their ground, come what might. They soon burst into mirth. They yelled and laughed and shrieked with merriment, and evidenced the unrestrained emotion that the Malay always does evidence—when he evidences any at all. Datu Akob was fairly convulsed. One moment he would feebly signal Finnegan and Considine to stop, and the next he would wave frantically for them to keep it up. The tiiumph surpassed that in the clearing by the greater audience it had. Sacops in finery, slaves in shorts, women in loose trousers and sarongs, and children in the apparel of nature, congregated in a dense hilarious mass. Loud demonstrations of pleasure followed the first number; Finnegan and Considine responded with My Coal-Black Lady and I Guess I’ll Have to Telegraph My Baby. They, like Tupper himself, were singing for their supper, or at least giving the nearest substitute for song they had in stock. That night’s concert in Pangutarang was a howling success in more ways than one. When the Americanos would rest, shells of tuba would be passed around: there was no want of appreciation of this juice of the coconut, nor the proof of appreciation. Laparan gazed on the exhibition with unut terable envy. He too desired court minstrels. For more than an hour Finnegan and Considine smoked and drank and played, played, drank and smoked, amid a continual hubbub of ex cited palaver and comment. At last the hour grew late and the audience slunk away; the musicians congratulated themselves upon the happy outcome of their adventure. They were now provided with sleeping mats. Under the soporific influence of the tuba, they sunk into the dreamless sleep that rewards toil well done. After breakfast next morning Datu Akob proposed that they settle down and marry in his village, their position to be that of permanent court minstrels. Finnegan, whose eye had been roving among the many winsome young Moras the evening before, embraced the pro posal eagerly; but Considine’s thoughts were upon the ultimate consequences of their escapade. For the next few days they were well fed and lodged, but an armed young Moro, lent to them as a guide, assumed the role of a sentry rather than that of a helpful mentor. This care on Datu Akob’s part annoyed the men greatly. They thought every day of making their escape from Pangutarang and trying to get back to Jolo, but this feat required more than the mere desire to risk it, and their trombone and cornet might now better have been good Krag rifles. Under different circumstances the life might have had its appeal: the tuba, the attention of not uncomely women, and the plentiful meals. But the knowledge that they were, after all, quasi-prisoners, turned them against their worthy host and the easy alliances of his nu merous court. They lounged and loafed, not without pleasure, it is true, but also not without anxiety; and soon they could no longer put the wonted zest into their nightly concerts. At last Laparan invited them for a sail in his vinta. No sooner were they safely in the craft than loud calls and protestations from shore told them something was amiss. But their auda cious abductor’s men hastily raised the matting sails on the twin shears of the vinta and stood out to the west, for Laparan—pursued, of course, by Akob and a force of his cursing, nonplussed warriors. Here was adventure indeed. Finnegan and Considine lay low in the belly of the vinta, to escape random bullets and shots from the clumsy lantakas mounted in the bows of Akob’s warcraft; and Laparan’s vinta soon distanced the boats from Pangutarang. Instead, however, of going to Laparan, Pangulo Laparan took the kidnapped minstrels to Kap, a smaller settlement, ruled by Laparan’s uncle, Hadji Assan. Here again the concert of victory was staged, and again universal approval and the rabid envy of possession followed. Finnegan and Considine were as famous as harem beauties designed for a Moro holiday. They were soon in the toils of the mutual jealousies of the two bands, Pangulo Laparan’s and Hadji Assan’s. The upshot was that the partisans of the hadji fell upon those of the pangulo and forced them to sail away to meet the kindled wrath of Datu Akob. So at last they did, bowing to the inevit able, and with both fear and envy in their hearts; such is the volatility of Moro character. Yet it was not Akob’s men they feared, it was the auspices; their luck with Finnegan and Considine told them a spell was working. To be troubadours to the hadji of Kab was a welcome change from Pangutarang for Finnegan and Considine. The tuba was headier, the food better, and the women, rated virgins all, far prettier. All was merry enough for a time, but the causes of anxiety were not removed. From Laparan the sacop of still another island learned of the situation. ' He made a surprise landing one night at Kap, and the hadji’s men, repulsed, were forced to turn over the American minstrels to him as their new master. Another saltwater voyage through the night, concerts at a new court, and more entangl ing alliances—in accordance with the practice, if not the creed, of the datus, who encourage widespread paternity. Where the wandering minstrels would finally have brought up, Heaven alone knows. How ever, Datu Akob, smarting under Laparan’s treachery and his ill appreciation of Pangu tarang hospitality, took his swiftest vinta, winged his way over the seas to Jolo, and re ported the whole affair to His Highness Jamalul Kiram II, the Sultan. In turn the Sultan communicated with the fuming colonel of the —th U. S. Foot, who was still petulant over the disappearance of his star musicians and the stagnation of the regimental band. Learning how Finnegan and Considine were being period ically abducted from court to court among the lesser Sulu chieftains, the colonel loaded Com pany B into two commodious vintas and dis patched them under orders to fetch the musicians back to headquarters. With this expedition Datu Akob went along as guide. In due time Finnegan and Considine were apprehended. The surprise came just at the moment, between national hymns and ragtime, in which they were looking a shell of tuba in the face and daring the stuff to do its worst. A bevy of Moras were looking admiringly on. They abode by the Koran themselves, but it was jolly that their friends the America nos did not. At this felicitous interval, arrived the captain and men of Company B. Nothing could have been more inconsiderate. Finnegan and Considine were summarily degraded from their envied posts, bundled off, with their precious instruments, to the vintas and taken to Jolo and the colonel. This was satisfactory to the colonel, and not, indeed, lacking in compensations for Finnegan and Considine. But it by no means gave’ Datu Akob assurance that the adventure might not later be repeated—and possibly not at Pangu tarang. He proposed to make matters certain, and did so by bottling up the horns. When nobody was looking, he filled the necks of the trombone and the cornet with liberal plugs of beeswax. If he could not have American min strels at his own court, then no other chieftain could have them at his. Whether a paler progeny in certain northern Sulu hamlets has, in this day, an unwonted predilection for the slide trombone and the cornet, deponent saith not. He does say that Finnegan’s and Consid ine’s immediate occupation upon their return to Jolo was the digging of many postholes. But time went on, the gallant —th U. S. Foot de parted Jolo long, long ago. Finnegan and Con sidine, not to mention the colonel himself, have no doubt gone to the soldier’s reward. Gabriel has two more boon companions. All models are Now in Stock HAVE YOU SEEN THE SPORT TOURER? A classy good-looking car, with auxiliary seats, transforming it into a 7 passenger vehicle Now at 10% Discount Let us demonstrate it for you PHILIPPINE MOTORS CORPORATION IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. SEIDENSr INNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation COPRA During the first half of the month the local copra market was on the firm side, sales being made at figures appro ximating 1’13.50 for bodega resecada copra. The heavy demand was unquestionably due to U. S. market reports on cottonseed oil consump tion and cotton crop data showing an esti mated harvest of 12,692,000 bales. However, the subsequent reports showed the cotton crop in much better condition than anticipated, and with continued heavy arrivals of copra, the local market declined abruptly and is quoted today 1 The Philippine Guaranty Cnmpany, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinaa Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. Mgr’s. Tel. 2211 Main Office Tel. 441 RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By M. D. Royer Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company Rice, cavans. . Sugar, piculs. . Tobacco, bales. Copra, .piculs.. Coconuts......... Lumber, B. F... Desiccated coconuts, cases The following com modities were received in Manila August 26 to September 25, 1927, both inclusive, via Ma nila Railroad: 1927 September August 300,000 265,000 4,816 16,668 33,840 39,600 202,500 157,300 . 2,664,000 2,705,000 253,800 202,500 18,200 15,334 at 1*12.25 to 1’12.50 for arrival resecada grades. The London market for copra remained inactive but steady during the early days of the month and firmed slightly during the closing weeks. Total arrivals of copra at Manila for the month were 409,158 sacks which is about equal to the arrivals of September for last year. Latest quotations follow: San Francisco: Buyers, S.05-1 16: Sellers, S.05-1/8 to S.05-3 16. London: Cebu, £26 10, 0. F. M. M„ £26 2, 6. COCONUT OIL The U. S. market for this item continued quite at 8-1/4 cents f.o.b. tank cars during the early part of September and strengthened somewhat on increased buying pressure due to the bullish government cotton crop report. About the middle of the month a fair volume of trading occurred with prices advanced to 8-1/2 cents f.o.b. coast. The market sagged badly during the last week of September due to changed reports on the cotton crop displaying a much better crop condition than was expected. The market closed with a very dull market, c.i.f. parcels being bid for at 8 cents west coast and tank cars at 8—1/2 cents. Latest quotations follow: San Francisco, S.08-1 2 f.o.b. tank cars; New York, S.08-1/4 c.i.f.; Manila, 1’.36 to 1*.36-1/2 per kilo. COPRA CAKE The Hamburg market for copra cake fluctuated greatly during September but within compara tively small limits. The month opened with prices at £8/2/6 c.i.f. Hamburg which were later advanced partially because of increased freight rates between Manila and the Continent to £8/12/6. Recent cables showed the market dull at £8,10/0. Locally the condition is bullish due to comparative small stocks in the hands of crushers for nearby shipment. Latest cables follow: San Francisco, S37.00 per M.T.; Hamburg, £8 10/0 nominal; Manila, Buyers, 1*58.00 to 1’59.00 per M.T.; Sellers, 1’60.00 per M.T. Manila, P. I., October 5, 1927. A subscriber who wishes to bind the Journal by volumes lacks Vol. VII, No. 1. Will some other subscriber who lets good opportunities slip by him send this copy, January, 1927, back to The Journal, P. O. Box 1638? Thanks awfully. Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Industria MANILA, P. I. TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. Meyer Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing ,Co. Raw Leaf: Export shipments in raw leaf during September reach ed their lowest level since May, 1925. Of the 189,000 kilos ex ported, about 93,000 kilos consisted of raw leaf (mostly to Japan) and stripped tobacco (principally to United States), the remaining 96,000 kilos represent ing scraps. No ship ments to European Re gies have been recorded during the period under review. From the provinces of Cagayan and Isabela some sporadic buying in limited quanti ties of the new crop is reported. The market in local grades of former years showed some ac tivity in view of the unsatisfactory quality in certain districts of the present crop. Shipments abroad during September were as follows: Leaf Tobacco and Scrap, Kilos Australia............................... 1,201 Borneo.................................. 206 China.................................... 1,900 Egypt................................... 122 Germany............................... 7,388 Holland................................. 11,900 Hongkong............................. 214 Japan.................................... 44,680 Straits Settlements............. 922 United States...................... 121,162 189,695 Cigars: The first sign of improvement, though with no assurance of permanency yet, is reflected in the September exports to the United States. Comparative figures for the trade with the United States are as follows: September, 1927........ August, 1927............. September, 1926....... 19,889,280 12,908,114 13,758,438 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, Dollar Steamship Line Co. Since our August re port, as expected, cargo exports have fallen off materially in every di rection. This condi tion is occasioned each year around this time. Owners do not look for a material change in conditions until the mid dle of November. Copra to the Pacific coast is the only commodity really holding out in any volume. Owners re port offerings in excess of tonnage for Southern Pacific coast ports. Rates in all directions remain firm, with no changes of material signi ficance. Passenger traffic in all classes holds fairly well. More people have left the Islands since our last report than earlier anticipated. THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK ■ LTD. ......— (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund .... 96,500,000.00 Undivided Profits ... - 6,179,045.45 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 1759—MANAGER PHONE 1758—GENERAL OFFICE During September a total or 1709 passengers, all classes, are reported to have departed from the Philippines (first figure represents cabin passengers, second figure steerage): To China and Japan 251-3.09; to Honolulu 4-886; to Pacific coast 57-130; to Singapore 27-14; to Europe and miscellaneous ports 31-0. Filipino emigration during the month to Honolulu in creased slightly as did the movement to the Pacific coast. The comparison shows: Honolulu, August 831—September 886; Pacific coast, August 102—September 130. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines there were exported from the Philippines during the month of August, 1927: To China and Japan ports 20,626 tons with a total of 42 sailings, of which 18,116 tons were carried in American bottoms with 19 sailings; to Pacific coast for local delivery 17,476 tons with 11 sailings, of which 17,474 tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sailings; to Pacific coast fortranshipment 2,324 tons with 11 sailings, of which 2,136 tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sailings; to Atlantic coast 40814 tons with 14 sailings, of which 19,660 tons were carried in American bottoms with 6 sail ings; to European ports 11,081 tons with 16 sailings, of which 147 tons were carried in Amer ican bottoms with 3 sailings; to Australian ports 545 tons with 4 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none; or a grand total of 92866 tons with 58 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 57,579 tons with 21 sailings. From Chairman O’Connor’s paper “Main taining an Adequate Merchant Marine”, pre pared in response to Senate Resolution, it is indeed interesting to learn from public hearings conducted by several commissioners of the board in thirty-three cities and from responses to 9000 inquiries addressed by the board to repre sentative organizations and individuals, that: 1. It was unanimously held that the United States should have an adequate merchant marine for national defense and for commerce. 2. With almost equal unanimity it was held that this merchant marine should be privately owned. 3. With equal unanimity it was held that until it is made possible for private interests to successfully own and operate the American merchant marine, the Federal Government must continue to do so. Then we learn that after all sales possible into private hands, the board continues to oper ate over 23 services which for the fiscal year ending June 30 1926 cost net 316,300,000 not including interest or depreciation, charges private ownership is compelled to meet. Further along in the paper we read that other countries have built modern, fast, large caniers, leaving our emergency war-time fleet far behind and that “to meet this already existing and increas ing superior foreign competition, an American merchant marine of permanence will have to be supplied with some cargo-liner type of vessels of approximately 15 knots and 11,000 tons deadweight, which do not exist in reserves of our laid-up fleet.” The inauguration of the new Trans-Pacific freight and refrigerator service of the Kerr Lines was fully realized in Manila by the arrival of their speedy motorship Silver guava in Sep tember This vessel is the first of six similar vessels to come out specially designed for the Trans-Pacific service. Four are fitted with space for 60,000 cubic feet of refrigerator cargo. This new service is from San Francisco, calling at Kobe, Yokohama, Shanghai, Manila, Soerabaya, Samarang, Batavia and Singapore. SHIPPING PERSONALS E. C. Bogle, assistant comptroller, The Robert Dollar Company, with headquarters at Shanghai, arrived in Manila September 7 aboard the S. S. President Grant. After spending three weeks here on business for his company, Mr. Bogle left for Singapore September 30 aboard the S. S. President Monroe where he expects to remain about two weeks, returning to Shanghai about the end of October. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 W. J. Wilson, port engineer, The Robert Dollar Company, Shanghai, arrived in Manila September 29 aboard the S. S. President Madi son on business for the Company. Mr. Wilson expects to return to Shanghai aboard the S. S. President Pierce October 7. W. S. Jones, assistant passenger agent, The Robert Dollar Company, Manila, left Manila Saturday morning, October 1, for a few days business trip to Baguio. Benjamin Y. Martin, for several years in the operating department, contract division of the United States Shipping Board, Washington, D.C., has been appointed to succeed Captain Eisler as Shanghai representative of the board. SEPTEMBER SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild New York Market: Although the prices which have ruled in the American sugar market during the month under review are better than those of the two pre vious months, on the whole the market was uninteresting with a very small volume of sales. The American sugar market opened dull in the first week with sellers but no buyers of Cubas on the basis of 3.00 cents c. and f. (4.77 cents 1. t.). At this price Cuban holders were un willing to sell, and the increasingly favorable statistical position gradually caused a firmer market and prices advanced to 3-1, 6 cents c. and f. (4.84 cents 1. t.) at the close of the week. Immediately thereafter, however, buyers retired and the market showed no disposition to operate until the 16th when the market indi cated renewed activity and prices advanced to 3-3/32 cents (4.87 cents 1. t.) with sellers asking for 3-1/8 cents c. and f. (4.90 cents 1.1.), at which price, Canadian refiners bought some parcels of Cubas. This improvement in the market was of but short duration, and the market soon became quiet and uninteresting and prices gradually sagged to 2-15/16 cents c. and f. (4.71 cents 1. t. duty paid for Philippine centri fugals). It was apparent that the refiners were well stocked for t;heir immediate requirements and HAUGHWOUT OPENS SHOP Dr. Frank G. Haughwout, former parasit ologist at the bureau of science, has opened a private pathology laboratory at 915 M. H. del Pilar, Manila. His telephone is 5-67-19, which should be borne in mind until the next issue of the directory. Dr. Haughwout is Manila’s well known “old reliable" practitioner in pathology and the Journal is glad of the privilege of advising folks to enlist his skill and scientific knowledge in the diagnoses of their ailments, especially those affecting the alimentary tract. Take dysentery, for instance. It isn’t enough to know that one has dysentery: the exact type must be known and treatment prescribed accordingly. Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig &> von Knobelsdorff Agents 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 24 Calle David MANILA Telephone No. 2-24-41 Sailings every fortnight AMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS ROUND THE WORLD President Wilson - - Oct. 14 President Van Buren - Oct. 28 President Hayes - - Nov. 11 President Polk - - - Nov. 25 President Adams - - - Dec. 9 President Garfield - - - Dec. 23 SAILING ONCE A WEEK VICTORIA AND SEATTLE via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, and Yokohama SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 refused to make further purchases. The general opinion, however, is that with the continued improvement in the statistic^ position the refiners can no longer delay their purchases for their future needs. Stocks in the statistical countries at the end of the month were 1,897,000 tons as compared with 2,083,000 tons at the same time in 1926 and 1,551,000 tons in 1925. The refiners are evidently waiting for develop ments as to (1) an improvement in the demand for refined, (2) revised estimate of the European beet crop and (3) the action taken by the Cuban government in regard to restriction of the coming Cuban crop. In this connection the following digest of the annual report of the Czecho-Slovakian Sugar Association published in the Czarnikow-Rionda Company Circular for August 26, 1927, should be of interest since it portrays the European crop conditions and prospects: The market review outlines the growth of cane sugar production during and after the war, and shows an increase in Cuba of 2,500,000 tons from 1913-1914 to the peak of 5,125,970 tons in 1924-1925. A severe decline in prices followed thereafter with poor prospects into the bargain, which resulted in only a slight increase in European sowings in 1926, and much reduced pro duction in 1926-1927 by reason of bad weather. England, Italy, France, Bulgaria, Poland, Russia and Roumania, having adopted effective protective measures, were com mitted to a policy of expansion. Germany has also recently increased protection, and Sweden, having come to an agreement between beet growers and producers, can likewise again forge ahead. Czecho-slovakian pro ducers did not receive the necessary support from a com munistic Government, which favored farmers and la borers against the factories, and the latter had to un dertake a publicity campaign that led to a thorough investigation by the authorities who were finally awak ened to the precarious situation of the sugar industry. A cartel was formed by all the sugar factories as a result, beginning October 1st, 1926. Nevertheless export conditions are becoming increasingly difficult. Swit zerland discriminated against the imports of Czecho sugars by unfavorable tariffs. Austria, wishing to expand her own industry, raised her import duties. Early this year British refiners agitated for a protection up to 2/-per cwt. (.43 cents per lb.) against foreign refined. This was not sanctioned by the British Govern ment, but it may be in the future, and thus constitutes an additional menace to Czecho imports in that market. Russia may also become troublesome in competing by exports of her own. The crisis due to over-production is still considered grave, and benefits derived from Cuban restriction are only temporary. Market conditions cannot improve until a balance is achieved between world production and consumption without artificial interference. This may, however, not be easy, because world production is kept unnaturally high through the protective policies pursued in various countries, at the same time tending to weigh upon consumption by heavy impositions. The system of protection is being more and more encouraged, creating conditions similar to the period before the Brussels Convention, which became operative in 1903 and lapsed during the war. Cuba has intimated a desire for an international conference to discuss a solution, but the realization of such a plan may be remote. Futures: The exchange market fluctuated in sympathy with the spot market, although it showed more activity during the second week of the month due partly to the report that Santo Domingo was contemplating restricting its sugar crop on the same basis as Cuba has done during the past season. Quotations for futures on the New York Exchange have fluctuated as follows: September, 1927.. December............. January................. March................... May...................... July....................... September, 1928.. High Low Latest 3.09 2.92 3.09 3.11 2.95 2.96 3.08 2 96 2.86 2.97 2.84 2.87 3.04 2.94 2.96 3.12 3.00 3.04 3.15 3.08 3.11 Philippine Centrifugal Sales: During the month under review the sales on the New York Exchange market of Philippine centrifugals, afloats, near arrivals, and future deliveries amounted to approximately 20,000 tons of the 1926-1927 crop at prices ranging between 4.74 cents and 4.86 cents landed terms. These bring the sales to date of Philippine centrifugals in the United States to 455,000 tons, 400,000 tons of which were sold in the Atlantic Coast and 55,000 tons were marketted in the Pacific Coast. In addition to these there were approxi mately 7,000 tons of the new crop 1927-1928 sold in New York during the month at prices from 4.65 cents to 4.80 cents landed terms. Local Market: Due to lack of supplies available for trading the local market for centri fugals and muscovados was quiet during the month under review. Only very small parcels of centrifugals were purchased by local exporters for exports and by dealers for domestic consump tion at prices ranging from 1’11.12-1/2 to P11.70 per picul. It is reported that the available supplies of centrifugals in Iloilo do not aggregate more than 1,500 tons. There was little musco vado trading during the month, the insignificant transactions being mostly effected during the first week of the month on the basis of 1’7.00 per picul for No. 1. Prospects for the 1927-1928 Crop: Weather conditions continued favorable during the month under review with indications that the preli minary forecasts will be realized. Centrals are busy completing their off-season replacements and repairs for the milling of the coming crop which will begin within a month. Philippine Exports: Since November 1, 1926, to September 15, 1927, the Philippine sugar exports have aggregated 501,450 metric tons, details of which being as follows: 402,050 56,644 42,756 501,450 U. s. Atlantic u. s. Pacific China and Japan Total Centrifugals 402,050 55,050 457,100 Muscovados 15 42,755 42,771 Refined.. . 1,579 1,579 Java Market: For the first half of the month this market was active and steady but there after throughout the month the market was dull and uninteresting. It was reported in the first week of the month that buyers offered Gs. 16-1/2 for the balance of 10,000 tons of this year’s centrifugals remaining in the hands of trusts, but this offer was refused. Thirteen mills were reported to have ceased grinding. The standing cane still to be harvested remained in good condition and all reports over the new plantings were favorable. The total export for the month of August was estimated at 238,237 metric tons as against 216,513 tons at the same period in 1926 and 286,424 tons in 1925. Stocks in Java on September 1, 1927, were estimated at 890,000 long tons as against 677,000 long tons on September 1, 1926, and 817,000 long tons on the same date in 1925. Japan and Formosan Prospects: As a result of the Japanese sugar tariff revision, the sugar imports in Japan during the first six months of the year showed a considerable increase over those of the corresponding period in the previous year. These, according to the government trade returns, amounted to 3,906,710 piculs showing an enormous gain of 1,573,047 piculs. The principal sources of their sugar imports were Java, 3,170,801 piculs; Cuba 871,174 piculs; and the Philippines 90,250 piculs. Japan Sugar Trade Review for September 17 published the actual out-turn of the 1926-1927 crop in Japan which aggregated 8,390,397 piculs. This is a slight increase over the final estimate of 8,315,986 piculs. A bigger crop for the coming season in Formosa is expected according to the Industrial Bureau of the Formosan Government. The first esti mate placed the 1928-1927 crop at 8,418,041 piculs, or 1,566,202 piculs over that of the pre vious year, and 75,945 piculs over the 1925-1926 crop. European Crop Prospects: Recent cable advices received from Europe report the weather being unfavorable for the coming beet crop. Ac cording to Journal des Fabricants de Sucre for August 20, 1927, Italy was first to commence the European beet campaign with prospects of an average crop. The beet crop prospects in Czecho-Slovakia were favorable and production was estimated at 1,100,000 tons. France and Belgium also reported favorable prospects although Germany complained of frequent thunderstorms and hoped for a few weeks of drought to give a heavy crop. Licht’s esti mate recently received by cable indicates that Europe’s production for the coming campaign will be 8,100,000 tons of raw sugar, or about 1,000,000 tons in excess of that of last year. Manila Cordage Co. P. O. Box 131 Manila, P. I. Manufacturers of Manila Rope Extra Special Pure Manila Capstan Brand High Quality Pure Manila Towline Brand Good Quality Pure Manila Crown Brand Medium Quality Mixed Fiber Plow Brand Pure Philippine Maguey Fiber Dragon Brand Extra Special Quality Transmission Rope Hard Fiber Lath Yarns, Paper Makers Twines, Wrapping Twines, Bale Rope, Sewing Twine Extra Fine Ask for Prices OXYGEN Electrolytic Oxygen 99% pure HYDROGEN Electrolytic Hydrogen 99% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite ■Ji. Electric Stor age Batteries Philippine Acetylene Go. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL MANILA IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By T. H. SNaiTH Vice-President and General Manager, Macleod &• Company This report covers the markets for Manila Hemp for the month of September with statis tics up to and including October 3rd, 1927. U. S. Grades: The opening of September reflected a quiet but steady market in U. S., very little demand and sellers showing but little desire to make progress. Shippers were offering moderately D, 17-3/4 cents; E, 17-1/8 cents; F, 16-1/4 cents; G, 9-3/4 cents; I, 14-1/2 cents; JI, 11-3/4 cents; SI, 16 cents; S2, 14 cents; September-October shipment. The apathetic attitude of buyers combined with rather more pressure to sell on the part of shippers resulted in values depre ciating slightly on some grades by the middle of September at which time the market ruled quiet with values D, 17-1/2 cents; E, 17 cents; F, 16-1/8 cents; G, 9-7/8 cents; H, 9-1/ 2 cents; I, 14-1/2 cents; JI, 11-5/8 cents; SI, 15-7/8 cents; S2, 14 cents. Demand was scanty at these prices. From then on continued pressure to make progress by sellers caused a dull market with prices gradually easing as buyers refused to come forward. Market closed in New York with values D, 17-1/2 cents; E, 16-3/4 cents; F, 15-3/4 cents; G, 9-1/2 cents; I, 14-3 8 cents; JI, 11-1/2 cents; SI, 15-5/8 cents; S2, 13-7/8 cents. Manila market for U. S. grades opened on the firm side with buyers D, 1*42; E, 1’39.4; F, 1’38; G, 1’22; H, 1’21; I, 1’33.4; JI, 1’26.4; SI, 1’37; S2, P32.6; S3, 1’26.4. These prices were steadily maintained and parcels coming in the market found ready buyers until mid September when the dullness in New York made a corresponding quiet tone in Manila prices having a slight set back to D, 1’41.4; E, 1’39.2; F, 1’37.6; G, 1’21.6; H, P20.6; I, 1*33.2; JI, 1’26.2; SI, 1*36.6; S2, P32.2; S3, 1’26.2. Dealers showed no anxiety to contract at any decline in prices and the market held steady but quiet to the end of the month, closing nominally lower however at D, 1’41; E, 1*38.4; F, 1*37; G, 1*21; H, 1’20; I, 1’33; JI, P26; SI, P36; S2, P32; S3, P26. U. K. Grades: London opened quiet with prices J2, £43.10; K, .£42.10; LI, £41.10; L2, £40.10; Ml, £40.10; M2, £37.10; DL, £37.10; rather sellers, September-November shipment. Market soon turned steadier on a somewhat better enquiry, business being done at J2, £44; K, £42.10; LI, £41.10; L2, £40.10; Ml, £40.10; M2, £37.10; DL, £37; DM, £32, SeptemberOctober shipment, but “Bears” were still in clined to push sales of distant shipment at a discount of 10/- per ton. Mid September reflected a quiet tone in London, but values for the near positions were well maintained. Market again took on a firmer tone on the 20th, there being a fair business doing J2, £43.10; K, £42; LI, £41; L2, £40; Ml, £40; M2, £37; for posi tions covering shipment as far ahead as January. During the last week of September a dull tone set in with speculative sales made of J2, £42.5 October-December, £42 January-March, K offered down to £41.10 September-November. At the close “Bears” were more inclined to cover up again and market im' ‘oved with fair business doing J2, £43; K, £41.10; LI, £40.10; L2, £39.10; Ml, £39.10; M2, £37; DL, £36.15; DM, £32, October-December shipment. Manila market for U. K. grades opened with business passing at J2, 1’21; K, 1’20.2; Ll, 1*19.6; L2, 1*19; Ml, 1’19; M2, 1’17.4; DL, 1’17.4; DM, 1’14.4 with a few parcels for prompt delivery commanding a further 2 reales on some grades. The tone was firm and prices held up fairly well in Manila, prices about the middle of the month running J2, 1’21 to 1’20.6; K, 1’20.2; Ll, 1’19.6 to 1*19.4; L2, 1*19 to 1’18.6; Ml, P18.6; M2, 1*17.2 to 1’17. Toward the close of the month prices declined somewhat, business being done down to J2, P20.2; K, P19.4; Ll, 1*19; L2, P18.4; Ml, P18.2; M2, P16.6; at about this valuation market closed quiet. Conditions and exchange rate have been detri mental to business with Japan during the month and volume of business put through in that quarter unsatisfactory. Fine grades have been quiet, meeting with no special demand. Freight Rates: Freight rates remain with out change. Statistics: We give below figures for period extending from August 30th to October 3rd, 1927: Now that the holidays are approaching and you are thinking of the folks and friends back home, why not include the Journal for a year among the gifts you send? P4.00, P. O. Box 1638, Manila, P. I. 1927 1926 Stocks on. January 1st... . 112,382 153,181 Receipts to October 3rd.. . 974,026 983,898 Stocks onl October 3rd. . . . 158,453 146,597 Comfort All the Way Shower Baths Help The Oriental Limited Across America Shower baths for men and for women are onlv one of a score of travel comfort features on the finest train across America. Hauled By Giant Oil-Burning Locomotives that speed you across the scenic Northwest from Seattle to Chicago in 69 hours and 55 minutes without change. Our maps and descriptive literature are yours for the asking. We will plan your trip aD<l make all necessary reservations if you desire. A. G. HENDERSON. ACENE Chaco Building AMERICAN EXPRESS CO. Manila, P. I. Great Northern Shipments To Oct. 3, 1927 To Oct. 4, To the— Bales Bales United Kingdom........... 246,038 200,423 Continent of Europe.. . 105,430 136,971 Atlantic U. S................ 208,482 274,951 127,484 U. S. via Pacific........... 94,651 Japan.............................. 194,494 183,100 Elsewhere and Local... 78,860 67,553 927,955 990,482 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 REAL ESTATE By P. D. CARMAN San Juan Heights Addition Single sales over 1*50,000, during Sep tember were only two: one of 1*60,000, in San Nicolas and one of 1*90,000, in Paco. The month as compared with those of previous years is shown below: 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 1926. 1927. 1,651,737 1,321,489 1,022,093 1,040,814 1,153,444 1,652,377 1,164,819 1,167,921 722,047 consequence, imports for June being only 0.07 of our total imports. Prices sagged from peak supply, and, as we repeatedly pointed out, there would be little or no price enhancement, because of the ample supply on hand. The producers, however, held on for higher prices, for current offerings were much lower than at peak supply, a thing that has not happened for some decades. The Chinese, who do not control prices, but who do control the feeding of the consuming market, were unable to continue this, as holders would not sell. The price of rice went still lower, in the face of the ample supply, and small imports were a vital necessity to continue current rice stocks. Furthermore, to curtail imports by legislative action would simply mean suicide, for upon these Indo-Asian imports depend the necessary subsistence needs caused by the recurring short crop. The department secretary who declined to interfere to increase a price was correct in his view, as nobody can assure ample crops each year. On the other hand, permission to export would not raise the price either. Some small export has occurred this year, a few tons to Hawaii and Guam, but these are American territory. Enjoy ing a protective tariff of 1*1.72 per sack of rice, Philippine rice could not compete in any manner with that of Indo-Asia in any event. The amounts ordinarily imported by the Philippines have this year been taken up by the increased imports to China, where internal troubles have caused imports of rice to rise abnormally. There is not the slightest reason to believe that Phil ippine rice could compete with that of Indo Asia, even providing we had an annual excess supply. Our preferential is a sufficient answer to the price fixers. There is no more reason for alarm with a high crop and low prices than a low crop with high prices. No industry wins all the time. The Chinese do not fix prices; these are fixed by the immutable law of supply and demand, which no legislature can monkey with except at its own peril. The three rice export centers of Indo-Asia are familiar with this law, and world prices are a consequence. Holders of the two million cavans of palay will not only receive a lower price if they insist on holding, but will influence prices on the new crop as well. The consumer has benefited by having his food bill cut 25% this year, but he may also have to pay that much more when the supply is limited. He wins this year and the producer loses, a fact that legislatures and statesmen cannot alter. Sta. Cruz. . . Malate......... Paco............. Sampaloc. . . Ermita......... Tondo.......... Santa Ana. . San Nicolas. Binondo.... Quiapo......... Intramuros.. San Miguel. Pandacan... Santa Mesa. 1’164,774 172,596 19,394 74,098 121,354 34,946 1,507 22,130 016 22,327 2,477 5,500 10,050 1*209,320 45,000 254,410 80,370 90,469 92,903 12,537 92,985 6,100 11,925 1,028 25,000 1*649,662 1*722,047 The totals January-September inclusive for the last three years were as lollows: 1925, 1*10,856,270; 1926, 1*9,805,572; 1927, 1*8,129,074. THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of .Wufloz, .Vuera Ecija, Director, Rice Producers' Association. - Prices for palay at shipping points have decreased slightly, of ferings being 1*3.10 to 1*3.15 per cavan. Rice at the consuming cen ters is about the same as last month’s quota tion. The Supply still unsold is approximately some two million cavans, being held for impossible prices. This holdover will of course be that much to aid stability in case of a short crop, but it is not believed that it will have any effect on prices. The recent flurry referent to an attempt to force prices up was nothing but a gesture, but the public, and, for that matter, some of our government officials, were almost led into the error of attempting to allow legislation to in terfere with the larger law ot supply and demand, an action that would manifestly contain within itself the germs of its own destruction. Boiled down, the situation is as follows: The 1926-1927 estimated crop was 2,135,000 tons of rice based on a recovery of 63% of palay weight. This was practically sufficient for subsistence needs. A decrease of some 18,000,000 kilos in imports of rice was registered in EXPRESS DELIVERY ----------------------------- AND--------- —=^= PICK-UP SERVICE This is one of the FACILITIES offered by the MANILA RAILROAD for the accommodation of its PATRONS. For this SERVICE a Fleet of EXPRESS TRUCKS is operated by the COMPANY to make home deliveries of BAGGAGE and EXPRESS SHIPMENTS within the Manila City Limits and to designated districts within the munici palities of PASAY and SAN JUAN DEL MONTE, Rizal, at low RATES from Tutuban and Paco Stations only. Free Truck Service The MANILA RAILROAD EXPRESS TRUCKS furnish free PICK-UP SERVICE for BAGGAGE or EXPRESS SHIPMENTS to be transported outbound over the Railroad for billing at Tutuban and Paco Stations only. Those desiring to avail themselves of this SERVICE may do so by giving the necessary instructions to the billing clerk at the EXPRESS OFFICE or Calling up Telephone 4-97-75 or 4-98-61. ECONOMY, CONVENIENCE and SATISFACTION are the outstanding features of this SERVICE. Manila Railroad Company 943 Azcarraga Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By STANLEY WILLIAMS Manager International Banking Corporation. Telegraphic transfers on New York were quoted at 1% premium on August 31st with buyers at 3,4% pre mium, and the market was unchanged on that basis until September 10th, when the selling rate was lowered to 7 8% premium and the buying rate to 5 '8% premium. The selling rate was unchanged throughout the rest of the month of September at a nominal 7, 8% pre mium, but with money in good demand the buying rate fell away to 3 '8% premium and then reacted and closed on September 30th at 12% premium October, 3, 8% premium NovemberDecember. Sterling cables were quoted at 2 0 7 16 sellers 2 0 9 16 buyers on August 31st and these rates continued unchanged throughout September, the strengthening of the New York' London crossrate being offset by the weakness in the local market for exchange on New York. • 'three months sight credit bills were unchanged through out the month at 2/1 1 16 and three months sight documents against payment bills were likewise unchanged at 2/1 1, 8. The New York London crossrate closed at 486-1/8 on August 31st and after touching 486 on September 1st which proved to be the low rate for the month, gradually rose in a firm market to a high of 486.65 on the 26th. The closing rate on September 30th was 486.53. London bar silver closed at 25-3, 16 spot 25-1/4 forward on August 31st and after touch ing a low for the month of September of 25-1 8 spot and forward on the 1st, gradually rose to a high of 25-7/8 spot and forward on the 19th. Thereafter fluctuating between 25-5/8 and 25-13/16, it closed at 25-11/16 spot and forward on the 30th. New York bar silver closed at 54-1/2 on August 31st and touched a low for September of 54-3 8 on the 1st. After advancing to a high of 56-1/8 on the 19th, it hovered between 55-1/2 and 56 during the rest of the month and closed at 55-3/4 on the 30th. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted nominally at the close on September 30th as follows: Paris, 12.30; Madrid, 177-3/4; Singapore, 114; Japan, 94-5 '8; Shanghai, 79-7/8; Hongkong, 98-3/4; India, 135-1/4; Java, 122-1/4. "North Coast Limited” “One of America's Fine Train shows you the Cascade Mountains, the Rocky Moun tains and the Mission Range by daylight. From the main line of the Northern Pacific, travelers see 28 ranges of mountains, and the train rolls along 1406 miles of rivers—pictures of “startling beauty” all the way. The “North Coast Limited” is a new train—new engines one-third of a block long! New Pullmans, new observation cars, wonderful new type dining cars. We Meet All Boats at Victoria and Seattle A. D. Charlton, G. P. A., Portland, Oro. W. H. Jayner, G. A., Vancouver, B. C. Northern Pacific Railway “First of the Northern Transcontinentals** Herbert Anderson has returned to Manila, Mrs. Anderson coming out with him this time. He is a treasury department representative. CONCRETE FOR PERMANENCE When building SEE that “APO” Portland, the Super-Cement is employed in your construction “APO” is Best by Test—Makes Best Concrete Sold only by reliable dealers and the CEBU PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY China Bank Building MANUFACTURERS Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 Commercial Printing is a silent but Powerful Messenger Your letter heads, bill heads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that “feeling of confidence”. Our reputation for producing GOOD PRINTING has been earned and merits your patronage. McCullough Printing Company 424 Rizal Ave. Phone 800 YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WASHINGTON ENGINES STATISTICAL REVIEW of SB 48:965 5,584,492 Japi Pa Ph ithly. ily. Tc SB SB SB •Bk SB Sfc B SB SB is for 12,r ^8,*271 31:311 374,956 9,654 38 13 3 387,957 387,957 18,093 18,106 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 Commodities Sugar...................................................... Hemp...................................................... Coconut Oil.......................................... Cigars (Number)................................. Embroidery........................................... Maguey.................................................. Leaf Tobacco....................................... Desiccated and Shredded Coconut. Hats (Number)................................... Lumber (Cubic Meter) ................... Copra Meal.......................................... Cordage.................................................. Knotted Hemp..................................... Pearl Buttons (Gross)....................... Canton (low grade cordage fiber).. AU Other Products............................ Hotal Domestic Products................. United States Products..................... Foreign Products................................ Grand Total...................................... Cotton Cloths................... Other Cotton Goods.... Iron and Steel, Except Machinery...................... Rice..................................... Wheat Flour..................... Machinery and Parts of.. Dairy Products................. Gasoline.............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles....................... Vegetable Fiber Goods.. Meat Products................. IUuminating Oil............... Fish and Fish Products. . Crude Oil........................... Coal..................................... Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc................................... Fertilizer............................. Vegetables.......................... Pager^ Goods, Except Tobacco and Manufac tures of.......................... Electrical Machinery.. .. Books and Other Printed Matters........................... Cars and Carriages, Ex cept Autos..................... Automobile Tires.............. Fruits and Nuts............... Woolen Goods................... Leather Goods.................. Shoes and Other Foot ware................................. Coffee.................................. Breadstuffs, Except Wheat Flour................. Eggs..................................... Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods.'.............. Lubricating Oil................. Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glassware.... Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ Oils not separately listed. Earthen Stones & ChinaAutomobile Accessories.. Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.... Wood, Bamboo, Reed, Rattan............................ India Rubber Goods.... Soap..................................... Matches............................. Cattle and Carabaos.. .. Explosives........................... Sugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films. .. AU Other Imports........... Total................... PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Quantity August, 1927 Value August, 1926 Quantity Value Monthly average for 12 months previous to August, 1927 Quantity Value % .3 5 9 % 27,588,078 P 4,306,162 21 3 11,497,772 P 1,679,527 58 8 43,028,810 P 7,855,846 31 10,795,073 4,520,879 22 4 14,222,595 5,517,293 28 5 12,663,337 5,169,138 20 9,939,403 3,413,934 16 9 9,101,125 3,444,480 17 8 21,482,769 4,023,664 15 13,420,680 2,583,046 12 8 16,540,610 3,528,763 17 9 17,414,787 3,387,456 13 14,767,790 674,895 3 2 16,994,532 718,773 3 8 18,088,378 818,845 3 572,996 2 7 1,045,162 5 5 754,013 2 851,097 204,784 9 976,077 256,894 1 1,521,170 362,214 1 2,552,238 900,772 4 1,348,542 442,102 2 1,271,482 505,631 1,363,304 536,588 2 6 1,064,939 402,078 2 2 1,158,365 436,027 1 72,334 328,904 5 51,135 162,019 0 9 54,937 193,167 0 16,569 603,900 9 10,563 397,980 2 11,182 391,910 1 6,644,701 348,764 1 6 5,074,380 256,050 6,947,160 357,521 461,959 274,715 2 304,876 169,942 1 0 439,754 249,699 29,688 107,653 0 4 74,429 254,354 4 56,016 200,817 0 61,877 60,936 0 2 89,429 86,572 0 5 69,758 69,488 0 604,555 153,549 0 6 192,029 39,735 0 3 137,666 107,451 0 931,974 7 639,043 3 4 577,851 2 P20,l 10,682 98 0 P18,963,820 99 4 P25,344,678 96 219,629 0 64,236 0 90,205 0 194,140 0 12,711 0 25,855 0 P20,524,451 100 0 P19.040.767 100.0 P25.460.738 100 1 9 9 6 6 4 3 9 7 8 NOTE:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS Monthly average for August, 1927 August, 1926 12 months ending August. 1927 Value % Value % Value % CARRYING TRADE IMPORTS 18 6 14 7 349,672 284,440 264,017 443,314 191,775 122,335 104,536 71,131 153,594 125,764 110,785 129,710 160,744 76,256 8 1 5 4 2 7 2 2 0 2 0 6 6 2 4 5 1 1 4 6 2 7 7 1 1 1 7 4 3 2 2 2 1 0 0 9 0 0 9 6 7 0 0 9 8 0 0 8 9 0 0 6 5 0 0 3 7 0 0 6 5 0 0 8 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 8 10 6 6 8 5 2 9 1 8 4 7 2 8 7 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 0 2 324,521 32,734 290,972 487,182 259,263 336,039 326,861 60,333 181,113 79,089 178,307 268,577 356,340 121,948 125,817 220,292 150,149 86,503 110,278 149,877 30,499 1 0 0 7 2 5 2 6 1 3 7 7 0 3 9 0 1 9 1 0 8 6 0 0 8 3 0 6 0 0 0 0 8 0 6 8 0 2 0 0 0 6 8 8 5 0 8 P19.473.483 100 8 377,982 238,840 216,006 164,775 106,160 145,240 117,614 137,232 63,108 2 0 5 8 1 1 7 9 1 1 5 3 8 7 0 0 9 7 1 0 0 8 0.5 0 0 5 7 0 0 7 6 0 0 5 6 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 P19.61S.647 100 PORT STATISTICS TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES ’ Monthly average for August, 1927 August, 1926 12 months previous Ports _______________________________________to August, 1927 Value % Value % Value % Mnniln .... P28,311,281 70.8 P26.913.2S1 69.7 P29,343,795 68.2 Hollo........................... .... 4,835,918 12.2 2,393,947 6.0 6,268,915 14.6 Cebu........................... .... 4,077,123 10.3 7,029,649 5,614,455 12.8 Zamboanga................ .... 477,456 1.3 493,435 1.1 451,663 1.0 Jolo............................. .... 136,008 0.4 152,615 0.2 100,333 0.2 Davao......................... .... 847,825 2.2 1,146.463 2.8 855,388 2.0 .... 1,125,197 2.8 384,890 0.8 482,887 1.2 Total.......... .... P39.810.808 100.0 P38.514.250 100.0 P43,117,436 100.0 3 0 3 1 0 Monthly average for Nationality of August, 1927 August, 1926 12 months ending Vessels August, 1927 American............................ Japanese............................. Dutch.................................. German............................... Norwegian.......................... Philippine........................... Spanish............................... Chinese............................... Swedish............................... Danish................................. Portuguese......................... Belgian............................... By Freight........................ By MaU............................. Tote!................... Nationality of Vessels American... British........ Japanese.., Swedish.... German.... Norwegian. Spanish.... Dutch____ Philippine.. Chinese.... French........ Argentine.. Belgian.... Panaman.. Value % Value % Value % P10.203.753 5,284,481 1,082,999 806,538 1,086,444 27,353 97,152 105,431 53.5 P 9,486,687 27.6 5,709,166 5.6 992,544 4.1 965,751 5.6 526,492 0.1 579,563 0.4 73,115 0.4 193,109 18,755 475,127 4,208 P10,626,025 5,848,460 1,068,512 820,916 880,711 220,804 149,109 161,639 23,873 95,717 14,042 6,530 351 6,030 P18.712.906 97.0 P19,005,762 97.6 P19,141,944 97.8 573,451 3.0 467,721 2.4 473,703 2.2 P19.286.357 100.0 P19,473,483 100.0 P19.615.647 100.0 _________ EXPORTS__________________________________ Monthly average for August, 1927 August, 1926 12 months ending August, 1927 Value % Value % Value % P 9,961,344 7,076,793 1,648,925 457,435 22,005 191,679 556,766 49.3 35.0 7^9 2.0 0.6 2.5 610,244 1,301,042 388,581 152,321 309,415 9 0 2 4 6 2 3 6 2 3 9 0 8 6 3 1 0 0 0 6 2 6 2 By Freight........................ P19.914.947 97.3 P18,204,617 95.7 P24.198.481 95.2 By MaU............................. 609,504 2.7 836,150 4.3 1,262,257 4.8 Total.................................. P20.524.451 100.0 P19.040.767 100.0 P25.460.738 100 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries August, 1927 ' Value Monthly average for August, 1926 12 months previous to August, 1927 Value % Value United States............ United Kingdom.... French East Indies. Germany..................... Australia..................... British East Indies.. Dutch East Indies.. Netherlands............... Italy............................ Hongkong................... Belgium...................... Switzerland................ Japanese-China........ Siam............................ Sweden....................... Norway....................... Denmark.................... Other Countries. . .. Total.......... 67 7 4 5 5 2 2 6 7 6 5 0 0 0 62 7 3 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0. % .7 7 5 68 2 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 5 8 0 6 7 3 3 1 1 2 0 P38.514.2S0 100.0 P45.046.222 100.0 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL October, 1927 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY B. A. GREEN REAL ESTATE Improved and Unimproved City, Suburban and Provincial Properties Expert valuation, appraisement and reports on real estate Telephone 507 34 Escolta Cable Address: "BAG” Manila Manila, P. I. Philippine Islands Myers Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 230 Kneedler Bldg. Tel. 1610 PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu . Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery Rosenberg’s Garage TELEPHONE 5-69-55 <R ft CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description “LA URBANA” (Sociedad Mdtua de Construcci6n y Pristamos) Prestamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law NoUry Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao Phone “El Hogar Filipino” 2 - 22 -33 Building WARNER, BARNES & CO., LTD. Insurance Agents Transacting All Classes of Insurance SANITARY - CONVENIENT - SATISFACTORY! Five European Barber. Special attention given the ladles Shampoo., facial massage and hair cuts under skilled management LA MARINA BARBER SHOP 117 Plaza Qoiti Jost Cortina, Prop. MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal-Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU Derham Building Phone 22516 Manila P. O. Box 2103 MORTON & ERICKSEN,INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers Mr. MANUEL VALENTIN TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence & Co. 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. Phone 2-61-30 TAILORING CO., INC. -U. JU A. 73 Escolta 73 < —<3 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL » RIU HERMANOS S 7 CALLE DAVID HELP! HELP! The New York Public Library wishes to complete its files of the JOURNAL by obtaining the following numbers: Vol. V, Nos. 2, 3, 6 (1926). If any member has these copies, or any of them, he is asked to send them to Walter Robb, P. O. Box 1638, Manila, P. I., if he is willing to give them to the New York Library, to which they will be forwarded. Manila Wine Merchants, Ltd. 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 403 Phones: 2-25-67 and 2-25-68 Recommended ByLeading Doctors Drink It For Your Health’s Sake TEL. 1106 Nature ’s Best Mineral Water WEANDSCO Western Equipment and Supply Co. Exclusive distributers in the Philippines for Western Electric Co. Graybar Electric Co. 119 Calle T. Pinpin P. O. Box 2277 Manila, P. I. CHRYSLER 50 60 70 80 Luneta Motors Co., Inc. 54 San Luis TEL. 370 THE AMERICAN EXPRESS CO., INC. Railway and Steamship Tickets at tariff rates Express and Freight Forwarding American Express Travelers Cheques J CORONAS ORIENTE EL ORIENTE FABRICA DE TABACOS, INC. 72 Calle Evangelista MANILA MANUFACTURERS OF I Coronas Oriente Jean Valjean Fighting Bob HIGH GRADE CIGARS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Chevrolet Stamina! f^'HEN'RO'LE.T stamina, sturdiness and service proved again! After rolling down a rocky bank for forty feet, this Chevrolet truck came back to its job as good as ever! Low in purchase price, with a long life and small operating cost the Chevrolet is"a profitable investment for any business requiring economical transportation. Write or call and let us show you figures proving Chevrolet the most economical transportation you can buy. You owe it to yourself to inves tigate the Chevrolet! 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