The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Description: Manila : The Chamber, 1921-1976
52 v.
Issue Date: Volume 8 (No. 1) January 1928
Publisher: The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States)
Year: 1928
Language: English
Subject: Philippines -- Commerce -- Periodicals.; Philippines -- Economic conditions -- Periodicals.
Rights
Place of publication: Manila
extracted text: free l'r.™ 1‘hoto Leonard Wood and Henry L. Stimson at Malacanang Palace: August 1926: See Story on Governor Stimson in This Issue In This Issue: New Provisions for Agri cultural and Vocational Schools: The Law and the Appropriations The Question Concerning Stimson Do Our Negritos Date Back to the World’s Golden Age? Ruth Elder’s Ultimatum to Hubby: How You Gonna Keep ’em? Chaliapin, Opera Star, Gets a Moscow Divorce More Franciscan Mission Churches in Luzon Parishes: The Story of the Obando Images The Month in Sports: Alcott Hands one to Churchill How Sweden Gets Along Without Foreign Wars: Second Gunther Article The Price of a Hat: By Percy A Hill: 18th Century Manila Current Comment of Timely Interest and Permanent Value: Trade Reviews by Leading Experts START THE NEW YEAR RIGHT SMOKE £.G. 3DCIGARRILL05 5ING0MA - HEBRADE LAS MEJOPE5 VEGAS DE LA ISABELA The last stage in the march of cleanliness in the making of ROSITAS is in packing. Tissue covering at the end protects them from all dust and other unclean substances C7 20 for 8 CENTAVOS 30 for 10 CENTAVOS WHEN TRAVELING CARRY NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK LETTERS of CREDIT A ND’ TRAVELERS CHECKS SAFE - - CONVENIENT - - SELF-IDENTIFYING INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION PACIFIC BUILDING MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 Today—and Tomorrow Dodge Brothers Four supports the contention of leading automotive engineers that the car of the future will be com paratively light and of medium wheelbase. For it will travel rough roads with greater comfort than other cars of its weight, and forge its way through traffic as no larger car can do with safety. Dodge Brothers motor has always been noted for economy of fuel and oil but in this new Four with the famous “124” motor, oil. economy is made more certain by an improved lubrication system and gasoline consumption is reduced one-fifth. Sole Distributors: ESTRELLA AUTO PALACE LEVY HERMANOS, Inc. 536-568 Gandara ILOILO MANILA CEBU □ □□se Brothers MOTOR. CARS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 Do you own a Hot Water Heater? This Tank Water Heater will pro vide plenty of hot water for kitchen and bath. Its cost is low. The consumption very moderate. I I i Manila Gas Corporation ! Display Room: Main Office: | No. 5 Calle David Calle Otis, Paco ' Tel. 443 Tel. 5-69-34 BEAR BRAND NATURAL STERILIZED MILK is always the faithful friend of weak, illnourished infants. This life-giving liquid forms the bones, muscles and brain of the newlyborn infant, invariably bringing smiles where tears had reigned. “BEAR BRAND” is prescribed by leading physicians and used in hospitals the world over! SOLD EVERYWHERE IN LARGE AND SMALL CANS CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF-A-CORONA EXCELENTES ESPECIALES BELLEZAS PRESIDENTES Etc., Etc. i Watch For The Name ALHAMBRA On Rings and Labels It’s Your Protection Alhambra Cigar and Gigarette Mfg. Co. 31 Tayuman Manila, P. I. IM I TAT ED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL American Chamber of Commerce Journal PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (Member, Chamber of Commerce of the United State*) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 25, 1921, AT THE POST OFFICE AT MANILA, P. I. LOCAL SUBSCRIPTION—P4.00 PER YEAR. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION—$3.00, U. S. CURRENCY, PER YEAR. SINGLE COPIES—35 CENTAVOS WALTER ROBB, Editor and Manager H. L. Heath, President Fred A. Leas, Vice-President J. W. Haussermann, Vice-Preeident BOARD OF DIRECTORS B. A. Green, Treasurer C. M. Cotterman P. A. Meyer E. E. Selph, General Counsel S. F. Gaches Robert E. Murphy H. M. Cavender ALTERNATE DIRECTORS W. L. Applegate George H. Fairchild John L. Headington Walter Z. Smith EXECUTIVE: H. L. Heath, Chairman C. M. Cotterman George H. Fairchild RELIEF: W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING: Fred A. Leas, Chairman John Pickett LEGISLATIVE: C. M. Cotterman, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll William J. Rohde John R. Wilson, Secretary COMMITTEES FINANCE AND AUDIT: B. A. Green, Chairman C. M. Cotterman Paul A. Meyer FOREIGN TRADE: S. F. Gaches, Chairman R. E. Murphy M. M. Saleeby Paul A. Meyer PUBLICATIONS: H. L. Heath, Chairman Carson Taylor BANKING AND CURRENCY: Stanley Williams, Chairman H. B. Pond RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT George H. Fairchild, Chairman John R. Wilson HOUSE: John L. Headington, Chairman Frank Butler LIBRARY: John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING: H. M. Cavender, Chairman L. L. Spellman CHAMBER INVESTMENTS: C. M. Cotterman, Chairman B. A. Green MANILA P. I. CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1928 VOLUME VIII NUMBER 1 Page By These Signs Conquer.............................................................. 5 One Question Regarding Stimson............................................... 6 More Franciscan Mission Churches in Luzon Parishes (Sixth Paper: Great Mission Trail Series)..................................... 7Our Negritos: Do They Date from the Golden Age?............. 8 How Sweden Gets Along Without Foreign Wars (By John Gunther)................................................................................. 9 Editorials (By Walter Robh): Henry L. Stimson: Governor General................................... 10 Stock Dividends Not Income............................................... 10 As It Should Be..................................................................... 10 The Four Best December Newspaper Editorials: The Best Atnong the Four..................................................................... 11 The Month in Sports: Frank Churchill Under the Acid (By Carroll D. Alcott)................................................................ 12 Ruth Elder: She’s Washed Hubby’s Dishes for Last Time. ... 16 The Price of a Hat: Early 18th Century Manila (By Percy A. Hill)......................................................................................... 17 Getting the Schools Adjusted with Industries.......................... 23 A Seasonal Fairy Story: How Reads Your Insurance Policy? 24 Page Reviews of Business: Shipping (By H. M. Cavender)......................................... 26 Copra and Copra Products (By E. A. Seidenspinner). . ... 29 Tobacco and Cigars (By P. A. Meyer)............................ 29 Rea! Estate (By P. D. Carman)...................................... 30 Sugar (By George H. Fairchild)...................................... 30 Manila Hemp (By T. H. Smith)...................................... 31 Rail Commodity Movements (By M. D. Royer)........... 32 Rice (By Percy A. Hill)...................................................... 32 Exchange (By Stanley Williams)..................................... 33 Lumber: October (By Arthur F. Fischer)...................... 32 The History of “Dodge”.............................................................. 27 “Her Honor” Gives Chaliapin Divorce in Three Minutes (By Junius B. Wood).................................................................. 28 Statistical Review of Commerce: Imports and Exports from and to Atlantic and Pacific Ports by Nationality of Carrying Vessels........................... 34 Principal Exports................................................................ 35 Principal Imports................................................................... 35 Port Statistics......................................................................... 35 Carrying Trade....................................................................... 35 Foreign Trade by Countries............................................... 35 The American Chamber of Commerce i* ready and willing at all time* to furnish detailed information to any American Manufacturer, Importer, Exporter or other American* who are interested in Philippine matters. Address all communications and requests for such information to the Secretary of the Chamber No. 180 David, Manila, P. I. The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines is a member of the UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, and is the largest and most adequately financed American Chamber of Commerce outside the continental boundaries of the United States. The organization has Twelve Hundred members, all Americans, scattered over the Philippine Archipelago from Tawi-Tawi to the Batanes. The organization of branches in all the American communities or the Asiatic Coast is being stimulated. The AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS should not be confused with other organizations bearing similar name* such as the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, the Philippine Chamber of Commerce, the Philippine-American Chamber of Commerce and the Manila Chamber of Commerce. 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 The Monte de Piedad An Institution established and operated for the benefit of the people. Its principal aim is to encourage thrift and to protect needy persons against usury. For that purpose it accepts Savings Deposits at Fixed Deposits at 5% and makes loans under liberal terms secured by Jewelry, Precious Stones and Metals; Real Estate in Manila or Bordering Municipalities; and Bonds, fully secured and readily marketable. Monte de Piedad Bldg. Plaza Goiti, Manila, P. I. Phone 2-27-41: Manager Phone 13-99: Office Some exclusive features which will convince you that the Sundstrand is the Machine you want Only ten keys, logically arranged; simplicity itself in operation; only one hand necessary for operation; DIRECT SUBTRACTION; automatic shift for multiplying; portable; durable; 100% printed proof; and speedier than other machines on account of its simplicity of operation and construction. “SEEING IS BELIEVING.” Ask us to prove our claims. "THE RE-ORDERS TELL THE STORY” CAMERA SUPPLY CO. TYPEWRITER DEPARTMENT 110 ESCOLTA TEL. 2-21-98 Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions AN INVENTORY What improvement have you overlooked in your office last year? A well equipped office, with time-saving machines, is not up-to-date without the convenience offered by Electricity. Study the best way to light your office; study the ways in which Electricity could be controlled through convenient outlets. Have your contractor work out his plans for the fixtures and sockets needed in your office. Electricity will add health, comfort and con venience to your employees throughout 1928 and many years to come. SIMMIE Sb GRILK Phone 302 Port Area Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) 134 San Marcelino Tel. 2-19-11 LIGHT TRANSPORTATION POWER IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL BY THESE SIGNS CONQUER The Bank of the Philippine Islands, established in 1851 and the Orient’s oldest bank, has declared a dividend of 4% out of its net profits during 192^ of upward of a million pesos. Its stock, par 200, is in demand at 150, and it begins operations under its new charter with the best prospects since 1923, the year of its last previous dividend. to The Philippine National Bank has made a net profit upward of 1*4,000,000 and is away ahead of the law in the retirement of its notes. One of its sugar centrals is out of the hole entirely, San Fernando, while Binalbagan has turned a profit of about 1*1,120,000. Cotterman con tinues as chairman of the Binalbagan directois, and John Dumas keeps on as manager. All the centrals are grinding away at a great late, while Francis Cooper, an American sugar planter with the national view of how things should be done, has run away with the piize, 1*10,000, for the heaviest yields per hectare in the Victorias district. C2J The world has to have Philippine hemp. Competition may revolutionize the industry, but it won’t destroy it. The world has to have Philippine copra, too. This fat that grows in nuts instead of on cattle shanks and hog bellies finds a well nigh insati able market; quite naturally. Cebu is booming. <2> Iloilo is booming. to First and last the government is distributing this year some 30 millions in public works, many of them more or less useful. If an experienced engineer will step up now and say what the wage portion of this will be, may be 15 millions?, it will help some. Anyway it will be a lot, and wages are spent. to We talked about savings increases, as noted by the bank deposits, last month. Like Shake speare, we scorn to repeat. to Newspaper editorials? Good? Bad? Indiffer ent? See our brand new department! In it we republish the best editorial from each of the four papers published in English (sic), and select the best among the best. Salutary, maybe, let’s wait and see. The winner gets five pesos of our money. to Don Juan Posadas hasn’t revealed as yet how much the rentas internas bilked the public out of last year, but it must have been a lot, since the treasury surplus is about double the expectation. How delightful the prospect of paying taxes again, such a pleasant harbinger of the season—the hot season. But taxpayers don’t have to come through for a deficit. On the other hand, as Zeinie used always to say. . . . to A Manila editor, Roy Bennett of the Bulletin, has even taken a trip—in the Philippines. Now that’s enterprising. It’s a precedent, too. Imagine a Manila editor actually traveling into the provinces. Extraordinary, eh what? tii Then that’ man Minton—darn him, he's an ad. man, so we have to be polite in his case—is giving Mindanao and Sulu the once-over in behalf of himself, some s >ecial-article prospects (Hey, Minton! We’ll take one!), and the non Christian tribes bureau. We’ll bet lie’s reform ing, coming back to the good old inkwell (Under wood, Remington, or what have you), scissors and paste-pot. “A tang I had to write,” Brown ing makes a character say, and that’s what hit Minton. Times? Qr Times, perhaps? We can’t prophesy about the Times. Even Jake Rosen thal wouldn’t do that. But about just common times this year, they’re going to be good, thank you—good to excellent. Look at what Horace Pond told Rotarians the other day, and even Stanley Williams—a hardened downeast Yankee banker: Maine, mind you, and Bowdoin College. When Tiny feels that way about it, well—it’s just so, that’s all. to Some way and somehow, and at last, our cigars are to be advertised—can you beat it?—in the United States and elsewhere. There are 1*300,000 for this business and a canny committee is in charge. to Zamboanga is prosperous. The Mindanao Herald is double its former size, more than double its former excellence, and John Hackett is as pleased as Punch over present and future prospects. Baguio is prosperous, on gold and tourists and vacationers. The torrents of the mountain streams are being harnessed for power, the mining payroll and general outlay approach a million a month. In any other part of the world the recent notorious gold strikes in the Benguet region would cause a rush to the mining country, which would be staked quickly from Atamok creek to Aparri. There’s gold in them hills, mister, ain’t no doubt of it. The Balatok machinery is arriving, they’ve got a vein as long as a railroad that runs $70 to $80 to the ton. The deeper you dig in the Benguet mines, any of them, the richer ore you get, just as Hoover’s geologist said would happen. This year gold exports will mount to sixth place, possibly fifth, among insular exports. HENRY MUSSER DIES Henry Musser, well known American, who was in Manila some time prior to the occupa tion, died at St. Luke’s hospital December 27, aged 76. An account of his life will appear in the February Journal. Funeral services were under the auspices of the Elks, he was a life member at Leadville, Colorado. INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMM RCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL rNTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON GO. Cebu. P. I. Cable address: "YPIL,” Cebu. Special features will embody— Selective Gear Shift tour Wheel Brakes Multiple Dry Disc Clutch Hydraulic Shock Absorbers Irreversible Steering Gear Simplified Ignition System Combination Pump Splash Gravity Lu brication Combination Thermo-syphon and Pump ’ Cooling System Four Cylinder Motor Forty Horse Power, unusually quiet at all speeds WAIT for the COMING SOON! The New Ford Car will be offered COMPLETELY EQUIPPED PRICES WILL BE LOW There are six Passenger Types with beau tiful body lines and low center of gravity: Touring Roadster Coupe Sport Coupe Tudor Fordor with a selective choice of four colors, Pyroxylin finish. The new car is designed for modem condi tion and possesses remarkable acceleration with unusual economical fuel consumption at a speed of 65 miles per hour. Nothing Like it in Quality or Price MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY COMPANY ILOILO CEBU BACOLOD MANILA LEGASPI PULUPANDAN IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January,'4928 One Universal Question Regarding Stimson The public of the Philippines is naturally curious as to the methods Colonel Henry L. Stimson of New York, soon to be inaugurated the Governor General of the Philippine Islands, may choose to adopt for the purpose of carrying on. This curiosity arises from three sources: (1) his sponsor ship, which failed, of the parliamentary system for New York at the time of the preparation of her new constitution, (2) the tail-end of his recent article in Foreign Affairs, and (3) provisions in the insular organic act making the plan legally possible here. It will be remembered, of course, that Rafael Palma was, under the old fascismo, secretary of the interior and a senator at the same time, and that the insular statutes still contain all the acts respecting the Council of State as well as the Board of Control: that the council shrunk back into a mere cabinet only by the resignation of its members, and that the board now functions in a single member, the governor general, not having been legally made up, but that the governor general does exercise the duties conferred upon the board, which functions in him. All opinions on this subject are idle, Governor Stimson has not said what he would do. The Journal quotes here, for reference only, the germane portion of his Foreign Affairs article, together with an extract from Newton D. Baker’s famous letter to Harrison, appraising the organic act, which is germane to the same subject.—Ed. be gradually evolved, including, in time, repre sentation of the cabinet on the floor of the houses. When that is accomplished, the work of adminis tration would be carried on by executive heads of Departments politically responsible to the dominant majority of the Legislature, but per forming their work not only under the scrutiny of the opposition party but also under the con stant inspection of an American Governor who possesses the ultimate power (not to be used, however, except in case of serious dereliction) of removal. Furthermore, the development of political responsibility would thus be subject to control; it need not be carried to the point of subjecting cabinet tenure to casual fluctuat ing majorities in the houses; nominations made in accordance with the result of one general election may normally carry over to the next election. Fickle tenure may thus be avoided, yet a hitherto unknown sense of party respon sibility may be introduced.” —Stimson in Foreign Affaire. “It would be a complete misapprehension of the Philippine situation to think that we can soon appoint or permit the Filipinos to elect a Filipino Governor-General. So long as a con nection remains between us and them, the Gov ernor-General’s office should be the channel by which our views and our influence and help can be transmitted to our wards in that far-distant region. “Today it is the work of the office of the Governor-General which stands between the material welfare of the Islands and that racial tendency towards backsliding which produced disaster ten years ago. The present Governor, a man of indefatigable energy, by his veto checks the development of unwise general policies at Manila, but by means of constant visits extends a fatherly guiding influence to the uttermost Islands of the Archipelago. Until the Filipinos have created a live and critical public opinion; until they become general readers of a public spirited press; until their men and women of leisure organize themselves into active charity associations, prison- aid associations and school boards to watch and criticize the functions of government; in the other words, until the Malay population of these Islands develop those basic foundations of self-government which we have developed during the past six or eight hundred years, either this visitorial American power must continue or progress in the Philippines cease. “This, however, does not mean that we must retain in our hands all executive power, or keep the Filipinos from the exercise of the vital and educational function of administration. Even today the heads of the Executive Departments are all Filipinos, though appointed by the Gov ernor-General with the consent of the Senate and removable by him. Today, in the absence of any system of responsible party government with clear cut party issues represented by dis tinct alignment in the Legislature, these depart ment heads are the mere individual selections of the Governor-General and perform their work solely in responsibility to him. But with Governor General Henry L. Stimson: Yale (and Har vard Lau-y, New Yorklawyer, “Secwar” forawhile underTaft, Wood’s friend for twenty years, Coolidge’s recent envoy to Nicaragua. the development of responsible majority and opposition parties in the Legislature such depart ment heads could be selected by the Governor from the dominant party as shown by the general election and could be held to party responsibility in their conduct of administration. In that way responsible cabinet government could WHAT MCINTYRE SAID FOR BAKER “The influence of the Governor-General with the legislature under this act should be far greater than it has been in the past, due to his participation in legislation; first, by the com prehensive veto power; second, by preparing a budget; third, by appointment of members of the legislature; fourth, by the possible pro vision that heads of executive departments shall have seats and voices in the legislature. It is hoped that the Philippine legislature will provide for this. It is thought that the inclu sion of men of the class that would be appointed heads of executive departments would materially strengthen the legislature and the executive. If, however, the legislature should fail so to provide and you should deem it necessary or advisable that heads of executive departments should be in the legislature, it is entirely within your power under the act so to have it by select ing good men from the legislature to be heads of executive departments and by appointing, among the two senators and nine representatives to be appointed by you, the heads of executive departments to be members of the legislature. . . . The department feels that this is a great improve ment on our form of government and, if you are of that opinion, you will have the opportunity of being the first to inaugurate it under the American government.” The Baker letter, obviously written by Gen eral McIntyre, was dated in Washington, August 18, 1916, and Wilson approved the organic act August 29, 1916. Wood described the resulting experiment as "a ghastly fizzle”. Persuaded by the Journal, of which he has been an appreciative reader all along, Waiter K. Perrett has returned to the islands from Siam to engage in some plantation enterprise, pre ferring this field to Siam. He has been living in Bangkok. Retail Importers Vtle American ft C BOTICA BOIE ° Wholesale Agents MANILA Heavy Chemicals—Fertilizer — Manufacturers We have been selling drugs for 97 years IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 More Franciscan Mission Churches in Luzon Parishes ❖ <§> Sixth Paper: Great Mission Trail Series: Around Manila Last month’s paper on the Franciscan churches ended with Mecauayan. This one begins with Bocaue, in the same province, Bulacan, and con tinues through Bulacan into other provinces. Bocaue. Separated from Mecauayan in 1606, with Fray Pedro de los Santos as the first priest. The Bocaue springs were formerly celebrated for the excellence of their waters. Date of the church not given. Its patron is San Martin Obispo, and the chapel is under the patronage of San Pedro Alcantara. Polo. Separated from Mecauayan in 1623, the name signifying isle being given because the district is isolated by the estuary flowing through it. Fray Jose Valencia built the church in 1632, and “Fray Vicente de la Puebla made extensive reparations, painted the church and improved it so much in 1852 that it has little or nothing to envy in the best churches of the islands. There is also an ermita dedicated to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception and another dedicated to San Roque.” San Jost. Separated from Mecauayan in 1751, under the ministry of Fray Esteban Gadea. The church, dedicated to St. Joseph the Patriarch, was built in the first years of the 19th century but was destroyed in the fire of 1822 which burned the town down, and was later rebuilt with the aid of the parish and funds solicited by the Franciscans. Obando. Formerly Catangalang, a barrio of Polo, erected in 1753 into the town of Obando by D. Jose Francisco de Obando, Marques de Obando, governor and captain-general of the Philippines, by his decree of May 14, 1753, giving the town his name. The church is dedi cated to San Pascual Bailon and for building it the people were exempted from the tribute during two years. Commencing May 17 and lasting three days, one of the most celebrated fiestas is held at this church among all to be seen in the islands, and as it is but a short railway or motor trip from Manila there is no reason for any Manilan to fail of seeing it. The first day is begun with high mass and earnest preaching, but the second is joyfully devoted to the “mirac ulous image of the Conception of Our Lady, under the title of the Virgen of the Sarambao, which comes of its having been found by some fishermen in the bay of Manila, according to a document authorized by the registrar, Diego Pascual, in 1764. In this document it is stated that on Tuesday, June 19, 1763, two brothers, Juan and Julian de la Cruz, fishermen, threw their net in the place called Hilingdoon, and upon drawing it in, discovered, to their great admira tion, the said image, which they joyfully carried into the town and later to this church, where it is venerated.” Women who would bare their husbands children worship through this image at the time of the annual fiesta, when there are dancing, music and general rejoicing. The third day is given to the Virgin Santa Clara de Asis, “whose very ancient image, placed in a small ermita pertaining to the pueblo of Meca uayan until 1623, became thereafter the property of Polo, and ultimately that of Obando, remain ing however in the ermita until the Obando church, where it now rests, was built. In diffi cult parturitions the image is taken down and laid upon the patient, proof that there have been experienced and are experienced salubrious effects.” St. Paul's (Augustinian) Church, Walled City, before on the left. an earthquake in the 1870*3 destroyed the bell-tower Here one beholds simple faith and Franciscan devotion that the modern world does not share, and the intelligent reader is unhappily able to trace a parallel between Franciscan instruction in the Philippines and that in California among the western Indians. Neither in the Philippines nor in California were they able to keep pace with time, a fact constituting one of the most poignant of human tragedies, since they were so earnest, so desirous of beneficent results from their benevolent labors. Santa Maria de Pandi. Separated from Bocaue in 1792. Fray Francisco Javier began the church and Fray Tomas Marti completed it. It is dedicated to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. “There is a beautiful road leading to the pueblo of Bocque, built in the year 1851 under Fray Antonio Roman and Fray Jose Miralles; and a horseshoe road to the pueblo of Angat, in which, over a small river, is a magni ficent stone bridge built in 1845 with P800 donated by Fray Jose Balaguer, another dona tion from the Dominican in charge of Pandi hacienda, and the remainder from the pueblo.” This brief note indicates how so many of the old roads of the islands, rebuilt in many cases into the present new roads, came into existence; they were the work of the friars. Marilao. Separated from Mecauayan in 1796. Marilao spring waters are bottled and A rare photo. aerated and sold in Manila, being very popular among the poor. The church is dedicated to the archangel San Miguel. The Franciscans had difficulty in building this stone church at the beginning of the last century, the people showing little interest “notwithstanding continuous ex hortations.” Other towns of Bulacan were not under the Franciscans. Fray Felix de la Huerta (an account of whose life the Journal hopes to publish in the fullness of time) goes next into SDCONY MOTOR MOTOR LUBRICANTS GASOLINE “LOOK FOR THE BLUE TIN” IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 northern Nueva Ecija, and then farther north, with his sketches of the missions. Pantabangan. “The only information found in the records of the Franciscans is that this mission was founded in 1701 by the Augustinians, who administered it until September 1, 1759, at which time it passed to our charge, Fray Andres de San Miguel becoming our first minister there. . . . The church, dedicated to San Andres Apostol, is of stone and brick, con structed during the period 1837 to 1841 under the indefatigable Fray Benito de la Pila,” who, the chronicler goes on to say, was hard put to it for funds, as anyone would find himself today who should try to duplicate the work. The bells and the image of Our Lady are from the abandoned mission of Binatangan and were taken to Pantabangan in 1800. Caranglan. Founded by the Augustinians in 1701 and taken over by the Franciscans in 1759, under the ministry of Fray Antonio Anguita de la Cruz. Fray Miguel Soriano laid the foundations of the beautiful church in 1765. The patron saint is San Nicolas de Tolentino. There is a huge natural bathing pool at Caran glan, and all this region is unsurpassed for out ings, being in the mountains and not far from tht San Jose road over Balete Pass. (Readers are referred to “Puncan: Trail-Ends in Sociol ogy.” which appeared in the Journal some years ago and makes a chapter in the book. The Khaki Cabinet and Old Manila.) Puncan. Also Pungcan. Another of the Augustinian missions to the pagans of Nueva Ecija established in 1701 and turned over to Do Our Negritos Date Back to World’s Golden Age? From the viewpoint of the anthropologist the little Negritos of our Philippine mountains are one of the world’s most important peoples. Some of the rationalists of England are saying that they probably date from the fabled golden age in the history of mankind, like the Veddahs of Ceylon and the Punans of Borneo; and a few are prepared to take this age out of the realm of fable and proclaim that it really did exist, prior to the advent of agriculture, the evolution of laws respecting property in land, and the ensuing struggle for the possession of land. When the agricultural period came, society fell apart into classes which in time hardened into castes or estates. When some chap had successfully led his companion yokels in the defense of their boundaries, the attacks of the neighboring tribe had been so persistent that the campaign was prolonged and a degree of pro fessional skill developed among some of the defenders, while a just pride of leadership shaped the ambition of the leader; and thereafter he continued to lead, which was easier than return ing to the mattock, and he kept around him a retinue of his armed men and established the first standing army. That’s two estates already, and a third, the disbanded yokels returned to t ie land. The priestcraft would then be needed to teach social order and contentment, read the auspices and evolve moral regulations; and ojt of the necessity for them they would com?. In their most primitive character we still observe them in many tribes of the Philippines; they are the elders who exorcise evil spirits and placate the wrath of heaven or command its mercy through their savage incantations and ritual sacrifices. But to their belligerent world the Negrito has not moved on; instead, he has moved to the mountains. When he came to the Philippines he was a lowlander. He knew nothing about navigation, however; he came here long ago by way of the land bridges then existing. After him came the Indonesians, who were warlike and had gods and priests and notions of property; so the Indonesians drove the Negrito into the high lands—following him there when the Malay invasions occurred. Just as' he left the lowlands, the Negrito is found in the highlands today. If he has a spear, it is a borrowed one, for his native weapons are the bow and arrow. He respects property in chattels, he does not steal his brother’s bow; but he has no fixed abode and resorts but little the Franciscans in 1759. The first Franciscan priest was Fray Mateo Castuera, and Fray Jose Cordero built the church, of brick, in 1801. The missionaries saw the natural advantages of the soil, altitude and climate, and accordingly stimulated the growing of coffee, cacao, tobacco and other products; but ruin has come upon alltheir efforts, the churches are in decay, the plan tations abandoned, the roads in disrepair, and the cloying hand of the usurer is seen to have dampened the ardor of the peasantry. If you would observe how fatally circum stances during the past forty years have affected once prosperous communities, by all means visit Puncan, Caranglan, and Pantabangan. (Readers with a gift for writing are advised that in this neighborhood are the abundant materials for a book.) Umingan. Formerly Langolango, a visita of Tayug, until attached to Lupao in 1832 by Archbishop Fray Jose Segui, and later, in 1843, made into an independent pueblo with Fray Jose Miralles as its first parish priest. The village of Langolango was thereupon trans ferred to the new site of Umingan. Miralles built a bamboo church, but his successor, Fray Castor Perez, built the present edifice in 1851, dedicating it to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. Rosa/es. . “In 1827 a principal, D. Nicolas Ibanez, of San Nicolas, then pertaining to Pangasinan, established himself with his servants and herds at this site, giving it the name of Balungao from a nearby mountain. Other emigrants followed him, and as his dependents founded the to tiie sown field. He has never made a boat, never learned even to swim, and will go around the headwaters of a shallow stream rather than wade across it. He barters for rice, salt and flamboyant muslins, exchanging for them wax, honey and resins, rattans and the like products of the mountain forests. His alleged depreda tions upon lowland settlements are of an extreme ly dubious character, more probably they are reprisals undertaken to return to his family members who have been stolen or enticed away. He is not aggressive, has no thought of wars of conquest, and only desires to be let alone in his habitat, where he has learned to keep his wants simple and to supply them from the marts of nature. The social unit among Negritos is the family, there is no tribal organization strictly speaking; but elders enjoy the respect and obedience of the young because through them tne traditions are passed on and they are wise in t le lore of nature. Negritos are monoga mous, t ie wife quite o.i a level with the husband, and t ie best autnoritses remark a genuine affectio i a no.ig t ie inenuen of Negrito families. -da. .tai constancy >ve vails, and marriages are of roarse natural romantic affairs with the o. ■ . ie. la vs of co.nsa ig linity observed. If the sii - a Negrit o'a lome has been violated, t : ' > i »ed husoand takes one bow shot at the o _• . i.-. True, it is usually curtains for the o .? . i_- . rut if it does not prove fatal no further re e ige is sought and the man with the unfor tunate aim moves a.vay to leave the adulterers in peace. There is no feud, no further after math. The avenging arrow is never poisoned; but the Negrito knows how to poison his arrow points, and resorts to such arrows to bring down the fleeing deer which would otherwise escape him. The dog is his only domestic animal, which he uses in the chase. He is fond of fish, which he shoots from the stream bank, accurately calculating the deflection of light in the water. His bow is made of palma brava. Very strong men hdve been astonished at their inability to flex a bow which the Negrito flexes with apparent ease. According to researches recently made by Belgian priests endeavoring to establish missions among the Negritos, these people are free from the benighted superstitions afflicting other peoples of the Philippines. To the Negrito the thunder’s roll and the lightning’s flash are but natural phenomena, as are the coming and going of life among mankind and animals, as well as village, which in 1840 was attached to the pueblo of Lupao. In 1843, Balungao was separated from Lupao and attached to the new pueblo of Umingan then being organized, and in 1853 it was detached from Umingan and made into a new pueblo called Rosales, in honor of the senior assessor general of the government, D. Antonio Rosales Liberal, Fray Juan Bautista Martinez being assigned as curate. . . . The church, under the advocacy of San Antonio de Padua, is a miserable temporary camarin (storehouse, or granary), of bamboo and nipa, since as a new town the place wants even the most necessary buildings.” San Quint in. Formed of the districts of Langolango, Lagasit and Baligayan into a pueblo in 1863. At the time Huerta wrote, 1865, time had not elapsed in which to build a church, the usual convento, and casa tribu nal. These structures now to be seen in San Quintin are therefore recent. o Next month the Journal will follow the Fran ciscans into Laguna, and tell the story of the hanging bridge of Mahayhay, which throws a flood of light upon the public works the friars built throughout the islands. It is hoped that interest increases as the old mission routes are traveled again in our humble pages. It has been a pleasure to learn from several travelers that the chronicles already published have been a helpful guide during motor excursions into the northern provinces. Then, too, by learning what the friars actually did, a better estimate of it—of their successes, of their failures—can be made, and history better understood. These Negritos are in borrowed finery. (See text) plants*. In other words, the Negrito has no con ception of ghosts and resorts to no gods, good or evil. He propitiates no spirits of any kind; he does not say that his god is a jealous god who will have no other gods before him, for that kind of faith would at once take him out of character, convert him into an aggressor and make him a conqueror; and the resulting conflicts would summarily destroy him. But he has no chron icles, even his spoken vocabulary is extremely stinted, and therefore it isn’t known definitely whether he brought a god to the mountains with him or no. It is probable that he didn’t; if he did, he abandoned him as excess baggage. “What becomes of the good man when he dies?” was asked of an old Negrito. “He is buried.” “What becomes of the bad man?” “He too is buried.” But it was hard for the Negrito to comprehend what was meant by good and bad; he had no January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 criterion by which to judge, having no estates, all men were alike, with the same duties, and it was unheard-of that they should filch each other’s bows and arrows or plunder one another’s game. In other words, the Negrito still remains on the thither side of agriculture, say nothing of the industrial age. Negritos wander, seeking game and forest products. Making camp, they build a fire and bed down in the ashes; they also build simple shelters of sticks and grasses. Children are nude, elders wear breechclouts. It is a proof of the Negrito’s freedom from superstition to say that his clouts, when he has not traded for them in the low lands, are con trived from the bark of the balete tree, which he knows how to cure and make soft and pliable. The balete is well known to be an object of How Sweden Gets Along Without Foreign Wars From John Gunther: Chicago Daily News The first of John Gunther’s articles on Sweden was published in the October Journal. This is the second, which deals with Sweden’s foreign policy and throws light on the fact that Sweden has not had a war since 1814—Ed. There is a fine and honorable thing to be said about Sweden, and that is that it has had no war since 1814. This is a unique record. No other country in the world can match it. Another thing is to be said, and depending on the reader’s political philosophy, it may or it may not link up with the foregoing. It is that Sweden (again uniquely) has no alliance of any kind with any other country. "We collaborate with other countries in all ways—socially and economically and commer cially—but not politically,” a high official of the foreign office said to me. This is not to say that Sweden has no treaties. It has plenty of them. It has an interesting arrangement for conciliation with the other Scandinavian and Baltic countries, it has several treaties with the United States, it has a trade agreement with Russia—but alliances, no. The Swedes stand alone. The Russian question just now is the chief interest in Swedish foreign policy, as it is in all of Scandinavia. Communism in Sweden itself is very much on the decline; Relations with there are only two commuRussia Delicate nist deputies in the riksdag, and probably not more than 10,000 communists in all the country. Sweden is not good soil for bolshevism. Wages are high, and paternalistic legislation, which appeased the radicals without going far enough to spur them further, and satisfied every one else, has kept Sweden comparatively free of the red bogey which settles so darkly over her neighbors, Norway and Finland. But as far as external affairs go, there Sweden is interested in Russia— highly. She has a difficult part to play. Her invest ments in Russia are considerable. Her fear of Russian aggression is also considerable. After all, Stockholm and Leningrad are adjacent Baltic ports. Somehow Sweden must tread a delicate course, must keep good economic rela tions with Russia and yet refrain from too overt political friendship. Not that Sweden fears any direct attack by Russia. That is considered hardly conceivable here. In the case of a general Russian war I am officially assured Sweden would be strictly neutral, as she was in 1914. But she does fear peril to her market in any Russian or Baltic disturbance, and perhaps political peril also. The terms of the trade agreement (signed in March, 1924) give Sweden and Russia reciprocal commercial rights in the Baltic, outlining also conditions whereon Swedish business has entered the soviet. Swedish exports to Russia amounted to 43,803,000 kroner (about $10,180,000) in 1924. Imports from Russia were less than one-tenth of this sum, 4,150,000 kroner. Swedish industry has large interests in Russia also, notably a big cream separator firm and the Swedish General Electric company. In all commercial arrangements arising from the agreement, and in the general bulk of busi ness, the Russians have never varied seriously terror to other peoples, it begins as a vine and ends by choking out the parent tree and form ing a repelling and grotesque object in nature. In the minds of the Negrito’s neighbors it is the abode of malevolent spooks who must be pro pitiated before one dare pass it on the lonesome trail, but to the Negrito it is only the source of his apparel, and he hacks off large segments of its bark without once saying by your leave. So far, then, is he back in the long and turbid history of mankind that he is born to live his cycle and pass into the shallow graves made for the Negrito dead without a question as to what it is all about and without the slightest mis giving. He feasts when game is plenty, and famishes when it is scarce; but he asks no god to supply it, and feels his native ingenuity sufficient from the original terms. There is no clause in the agreement regarding propaganda. Indeed, Russian propaganda in Sweden is slight. The communist party linked up with the third inter nationale in 1919 and there is a communist paper published in Stockholm, but any actual disturbAs to the rest of Swedish foreign policy, there is not much of it. I searched around the foreign office for days, trying to find an issue. There are none. The budget allowForeign Issues ance for the foreign office last Lacking year was only 5,843,000 kroner (about $1,460,000), far and away the lowest of all the government depart ments. Education, for instance, cost 129,588,000 kroner in 1925, and defense 147,795,000 kroner. The last issue was the dispute over the Asland islands, sovereignty over which the League of Nations assigned to Finland. Sweden has stood loyally by tliat decision. Sweden had socialist ministries, mostly under the premiership of the late Dr. Branting, from March till October, 1920, from October, 1921, to April, 1923, and from October, 1924, until very recently, and none of them paid much atten tion to foreign policy. The then foreign minister, Osten Unden, did, however, initiate a series of conciliation treaties. Now Sweden has a treaty—but not an alliance —with every Scandinavian and Baltic power. On March 5, 1924, Sweden invited delegates from Norway, Finland, and Leads in Denmark to negotiate a draft Outlawing War for setting up a permanent arbitration council for com pulsory arbitration of all differences not pre viously settled by diplomatic action or through the Hague court. On June 27, six bilateral conventions based on this draft were signed. In addition, in January, 1925, Sweden signed a further direct agreement with Norway making all differences of any kind subject to arbitration. Meanwhile conciliation agreements were signed with Esthonia (May, 1925), Latvia, (March, 1925), and Lithuania (June, 1925). Thus, with Sweden as leader, all the Scandinavian states have among themselves taken the first real step in the world to outlaw war, and the Baltic States, with certain qualifications, have joined them. Sweden has two treaties with the United States, one of conciliation signed in 1914, one of arbi tration signed in 1924. Co-operation between the Scandinavian states for a united foreign policy was begun by King Gustav V of Sweden at a meeting of the three Scandinavian kings in Malmo in 1914. Meetihgs of foreign ministers followed from time to time, but there have been no joint formal ones since August, 1920, in Copenhagen. At that time there was much talk of a definite “Scandi navian alliance,” but the idea is now regarded here as dead. Sweden didn’t want it. No alliances—in the Swedish equation—equals no wars. Stockholm’s many unique features will be the subject of the next article in this series, appearing in an early number. to cope with the exigencies of nature. Is he a survival from the golden age? Did such an age exist? The scientists must wrestle it out, at present the question divides them. Whatever the outcome, the fact remains that the Philippines today are an immense laboratory for the anthropologist, equipped with living specimens in plentiful numbers, and every age of the world may be studied in the most accurate detail. But as roads invade the natural isola tion of the many tribes and peoples, the cir cumstances surrounding their lives will tend to be modified by intercommunication, and the time therefore to make the study is the present. For More Than 28 Years Discrimi n a t i n g men have found that we do the best tail oring and have the largest selection of good suitings. New York-Paris-Manila 12 Escolta Phone 706 The Philippine Guaranty Cnmpany, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. Mir's. Tel. 2211 Main Office Tel. 441 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 EDITORIAL OFFICES American Chamber of Commerce 180 CALLE DAVID P. O. Box 1638 Telephone 2-11-56 HENRY L. STIMSON: GOVERNOR GENERAL In his sixty-first year Colonel Henry L. Stimson of New York has been appointed governor general of the Philippines. That was Wood’s age when he was appointed in 1921. Stimson was nominated for the office December 13 and confirmed December 17, he believes with no dis senting voice; and opinion in the islands promptly accepted the president’s choice, Governor Gilmore commending it as an excellent one and being ready to relieve himself of the acting governor’s job and resume his post as vice-governor and member of the cabinet. Gilmore has carried on well during the interregnum, he will have written his name high among the islands’ chief executives at the end of the ten months or so he shall have been acting when his successor arrives in Manila and is inaugurated. Governor Stimson is a very eminent man. In that fact, and in its respect and admiration for the president and confidence in his judgment, is found the source of Manila’s ready approval of the appointment. Naturally, for little is known of what Stimson will do, what he may do. When the Kiess bills were up in the lower house a month ago, he wasn’t prepared to offer aid, he wanted to come to Manila first and familiarize himself with the facts. But now things have taken another tack, bills introduced in the senate by Willis of Ohio and in the house by Kiess, propose to use independently of the legislature for executive purposes only $125,000 of the $600,000 (more or less) annual internal revenue from Philippines products, chiefly cigars, sold in the United States. Unless there has been bad faith, and we don’t believe there has, these bills will probably pass if congress gets around to consideration of them; and Chairman Kiess, accord ing to the Associated Press of January 6, has indicated that Stimson now favors them. The legislature will probably not lobby against them, the field has been cleared for action. Wood and Carmi Thompson, who did net agree on everything, agreed on this, that by this means the position of the governor general should be strengthened; and Thompson ascertained that to $125,000 a year there would be no serious objection. Willis now takes the initial steps, and Thompson seems to be gaining his point. At time of going to press, Stimson was delaying his departure from the United States for the purpose of returning to Washington and appearing before the joint insular committee. It may be that he too has reached the definite conclusion that the action is advisable for the better adminis tration of Federal and local laws applying in this territory. If so it will be a great help, for action, except as it may be affected by a jam in congress, would seem wholly to depend upon his attitude. It has been recommended by Coolidge. Colonel Stimson is eminent and honest, and the governorship means nothing to him financially but a considerable sacrifice. It will pay him only $18,000 a year, unless the new legislation goes through, and his law practice in New York is said to have been bringing him $50,000. He is Yale A. B. ’88, Harvard A. M. ’89, and Harvard law ’90. He was admitted to the bar in 1891. From December ’17 to August ’18 he served with the A. E. F. in France, and in August '18 he was made colonel of the 31st Field Artillery. He is high in the counsels of his party, his appointment to Manila at this time may have significance because of this fact: if any draft ing is done in the next presidential convention, he is likely material for the draft, and to have been on missions to Nicaragua and Manila would detract nothing from the publicity of the campaign. In New York, too, his friends must have aspirations for him, even if he has none. Again, he is available for the supreme bench, or as ambassador to the court of St. James. It might be advantageous to have a man of his parts in Malacanang quite aside from the regular job of governing, when matters affecting the islands arc considered in Washington, for his views would have much weight in congress and with the president. But he is not being sent to Manila for that reason, he hasn’t agreed to come here for that. Nor was anything pressing here, and therefore we must look somewhere else for the real explanation of the islands’ good for tune. And we shall find it in the approaching presidential election. The Republicans have a policy respecting the Philippines. They don’t want it upset. Wood’s administration was under a good deal of Democratic fire. Stimson, who spent five weeks with Wood in the summer of 1926, has ably defended his old-time friend’s administration and is now coming out to the islands to continue it to the close—and we guess not much beyond that—of the Coolidge administration. If a remote possi bility comes to pass and the Democrats get the Whitehouse, if they seek to turn things upside down Stimson will be relied upon to have enough knowledge of the situation and enough prestige with the American public to temper the purpose of the Democrats, if not to dissuade them altogether from repeating their earlier errors here. (The Journal isn’t partisan, of course; it says errors because most Democrats here reckon them as such. Then there’s another angle, pointing toward a Republican victory. Most impartial prophets predict this. Still, nothing is certain in election but the votes. From the viewpoint of the Philippines the vital point is that policy is solidifying, attaining a degree of consistency. STOCK DIVIDENDS NOT INCOME In the decision in the case of Warner, Barnes and Company vs. The Internal Revenue Collector the supreme court has ruled void the pro visions of the income tax law (2833) that consider stock dividends as tax able income to the amount of earnings or profits distributed. The govern ment must return taxes paid by the plaintiff company on a distribution of stock made by the Central Azucarera de La Cariota. Justice E. Finley Johnson wrote the decision, one only from his division of the court. Chief Justice Ramon Avancena and Justices Ignacio Villamor and Norberto Romualdez concur, while Justice George A. Malcolm concurs in a separate opinion which says in part: “It is of public knowledge that this case and a companion case have been repeatedly argued and considered in banc, (and) that the court has been deadlocked on them for years. . . . Aside from settling the two cases submitted, it (the Johnson decision) will have no effect on possible pending or future controversies. What will have to be done now, will be to commence another suit, secure a judgment in the Court of First Instance, elevate the record here, and, Mr. Justice VillaReal no longer being disqualified, obtain an authoritative decision in banc, and then take the matter to the Supreme Court of the United States for final determination.” Anyway, two cases are disposed of in accordance with a long line of Johnsonian rulings respecting stock dividends, and progress is made toward a binding decision on this specific point. The chamber of commerce has printed copies of the Johnson decision, together with Malcolm’s separate opinion, for anyone who wants them. Johnson simply holds that stock dividends are not subject to income tax because they are not income, they are evidence of increased capital holdings of the parties who receive them, from which income may or may not be derived, depending upon the fortune of the company. If and when dividends are paid on them, these dividends are income and taxable under the law. But Johnson sets forth the theory at length, and makes capital reading. We think of a company that began with $400,000 and issued stock dividends until its present capital is $1,200,000. It has retained in its control as capital utilized in the business $800,000 of its actual earnings that might, if it had cared to get more capital by other means, have been alienated from its ownership and control by means of dividends in cash distributed on the original stock. These dividends would have been income to the stockholders, while the stock dividends are accretions to their capital holdings. The company is prospering, and taxable income is deriving from both the original stock and the stock dividends. But the earnings represented by the stock dividends were converted into capital and utilized for enlarging plant capacity. AS IT SHOULD BE The Tribune reports H. G. Keith of North Borneo in Manila to employ additional university men in Borneo's growing industries. That’s good, that’s returns on the university investment: foresters, engineers and other technical men are wanted. Unskilled Filipinos also migrate to Borneo, finding there lands and work. If the cadastral surveys were finished here, our thinly settled provinces could invite immigrants. They might do this now, but they seem not to think of it or desire it, so Borneo, like Hawaii, becomes an easement. January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 Four Best Manila Newspaper December Editorials A University Selection: Also the Best Among the Four A REGETTABLE OVERSIGHT (Bulletin: December 28) During the absence of the intrepid Ben Wright, the insular auditor’s office has faced an admit tedly difficult problem. It seems that jewelry entering the Philippines is subject to duty. In the case at bar, a jewel did enter but the duty has remained unpaid. A well known senator, it is said, imported the diamond, and the question thus resolves itself into which well known senator. The Hon. Juan B. Alegre, who is both a senator and well known, wrote recently to the Bulletin to point out that he was not the one. As far as we can remember, nobody said he was, and the public remains at a less as to why Mr. Alegre should have taken up the cudgels in his own behalf before he had been accused. There are plenty of senators in whose bright lexicon the word “duty” does not appear. After profound thought, the only reason we can see is that the senate list is alphabetically arranged, and Mr. Alegre, with characteristic impetuosity, did not read it through to deter mine which of his colleagues might be, more logically, the culprit. Having got as far as “A”, he neglected to look at the B’s, C’s, D’s, and so on. It is regrettable that he was not named Zimbalist. Then this little contretemps need never have arisen. —Best among the four. HIGHER MORALITY (Times: December 4) Higher morality is one of the prerequisites of success. This is true of individuals but particularly of nations. History records the downfall of great soldiers and empires as a result of the moral breakdown coming closely in the wake of conquests and victories. Mo ral decadence is chiefly responsible for the crumbling of "the splendor that was Rome and and the glory that was Greece.” The Filipino people, by and large, are moral and law-abiding and God-fearing. But they need a higher morality if they ever wish to succeed. Just now there is a tendency of loose ness and laxity. Men who have been convicted by their own acts or by public opinion, men known to have been guilty of shady acts and transactions, are allowed to cut a figure in the community and its activities, to pose as leaders of thought, or politics or some otiier human enterprise when they should be lackeys, heroes when they should be helots, idols when they should be mere icons. When things like this happen in any country it is time to pause and ponder. The Filipino people, especially their youths, should wake up from their lethargy and with scrutiny look into the kind of men who would preach to them, who would lead them or shape their acts and their very thought. They should extricate them selves from this mental slavery, beware of the ignis fatuus, and decide to think for themselves rather than let others do the thinking for them. THE QUEZON SPEECH IN CHICAGO (Tribune: December 3) The Chicago speech of Senate President Quezon is not merely the reiteration of an old plea, nor the phrasing of an old ideal for its possible effects on political developments in these Islands. When the recognized leader of our people says that only freedom will satisfy the Filipinos, the declaration has a familiar ring to it, but to us, a people in subjugation, the hope of the whole nation that motivates every pronouncement for our emancipation, gives to the stand of President Quezon still the signi ficance of a national demand. There has been no recession in the attitude either of our people or of our leaders on the question of independence. There has been no unanimity only in the methods leading to the realization of the ideal. What President Que zon said in Chicago, to the very last and insigni ficant detail, the Filipinos, to a man, would say, and say them in all sincerity and even in flaming demand of their just due. If it be asserted that the immediate future holds no prospect of an immediate settlement of the Philippine problem as we would have it finally decided, if it be concluded that the independence movement has turned the corner to become a tepid theme for the hollow tirades of leaders discouraged by nearly a generation of fruitless campaign, the situation, thus desperately painted to our na tionals, need not undermine their faith in them selves and in their leaders. America and Amer icans know only too well that there is no sub stitute for the independence movement except the actuality of independence. President Quezon’s offer of naval and coaling stations and preferential trade relations, is proof of the willingness of our people to ap proach the question of their independence as a question involving also the interest of the Amer ican people. Our leaders are willing, and our people support them in their concession, to recognize America’s right to protect her welfare, as it might be affected by the severance of political ties, between the two countries. If, despite this practical demonstration of our desire to concede ground, so that at last the Philippine problem be resolved to illustrate the unique case of “a nation owning a colony and deliberately setting it free,” the failure to effect final settlement of the issue, should be attributed UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES College of Liberal Arts MANILA Department of English January 7, 1928 Mr. Walter Robb, Editor, Chamber of Commerce Journal, American Chamber of Commerce, Manila, P. I. Dear Mr. Robb: I am transmitting herewith the edi torials selected by the English Depart ment Committee of the University of the Philippines as the best for the month of December. The selections are as follows: Bulletin, December 28, “A Regret table Oversight,” selected by Prof. Vicente M. Hilario. Times, December 4, “Higher Moral ity,” selected by Professor Cristino Jamias. Tribune, December 3, “The Quezon Speech in Chicago,” selected by Mr. Jesus Valenzuela. Herald, December 17, “Pretense and Hypocrisy,” selected by Mr. Marcial Lichauco. The undersigned and the members above named have selected, as the best of the four, the editorial in the Bulletin of December 28, “A Regrettable Over sight.” In making selections, each member of the committee has judged according to his own standards of what an editorial should be: there has been no attempt to agree upon rules or principles of selection. The selections, therefore, represent merely the personal prefer ences of the judges. Assuring you of our pleasure in co operating with you in this feature of the Journal, I am Sincerely yours, G. P. Shannon, Head. not to our leaders, but to the leaders of America. President Quezon gives emphasis to a human phase of the problem, and the Tribune agrees with him, that, in refusing to let our people choose their own leader, America has placed an indictment against us, which we shall always resent. We have gone through experiences such as have made other peoples fully the masters of their own affairs. The limitations to our selection of who among us should guide our own government, impose a moral punishment at the same time that they withhold a political right. This we resent, not in hate of American rule but in protection of our self-respect. Our people make theirs the protest of President Quezon that, although the definite policy of the United States government in these Islands since the first day of occupancy during the McKinley administration is to grant the Filipinos their independence, “we are no nearer to the execution of that announced policy than when it was first enunciated.” PRETENSE AND HYPOCRISY (Hqfald: December 17) With the appointment of Colonel Stimson as Governor General of the Philippines, the New York Evening World cannot discern the slightest change in American policy in the Islands. It says, “We own the Islands and . their people, having bought them, and we in tend to keep them as long as it pays any portion of our people for us to do so. That is our policy stripped of all pretense and hypocrisy.” We want to felicitate the New York Evening World for its frankness in expressing what it believes to be the mind of the American people with regard to the Philippines and the Filipinos. We will not discuss the question whether this country and its people are a mere chattel or a common ordinary piece of property of the United States. What concerns us is what the United States intends to do with this Far Eastern “property.” If there has been so much misun derstanding in the past between the Washington administration and the Filipinos, it is precisely because of that “pretense and hypocrisy” on the part of the Washington administration in dealing with the Filipinos. Should it come out openly and squarely in an official way, and lay down a permanent policy “stripped of pretense and hypocrisy,” as the New York Evening World has done, the Philippine question would be settled now, the Filipinos’ will to the contrary notwithstanding. After all, the New York publication is right when it avers that this country and the Filipinos are the property of the United States. The human rights which we voci ferously claim to be ours and which we invoke, in protesting against any reaffirmation that we are the property of another nation, are either granted by a physically superior power or won. As long as the United States refuses to say with finality whether the Philippines will ever become independent or not, the best colonial administrator that America can ever produce will never solve the Philippine problem. And the problem is—the Filipinos want independence, but America refuses to grant it. The gradual concession of autonomy offers nothing but temporary relief. Seeing the advancement of the free and independent nations of the earth, the Filipinos cannot and will not lie supine and be .left by the roadside in the race toward human progress. Every concession of autonomy serves to whet their desire to work out their destiny as a people. It may satisfy them for a while, but the will to attain their freedom will reassert with greater vigor; for it is the experience of all peoples of the world, that are conscious of their own capacity and potential resources, that the greater the degree of freedom, the faster and greater their national progress. The Harrison regime, so much combatted by Filipino detrac tors, is a case in point. With all the relative defects of that administration attendant upon all changes and readjustments, the Filipinos have progressed in all aspects of national life, in the art of self-rule, in economic ventures in prosperity. No nation has ever grown to full stature when reared under unsettled conditions, suspicion or pretense. The country is prepared to hear the truth, as we have indicated in one of our previous utterances. What does America intend to do about this—its Far Eastern “property?” 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 The Month in Sports: Soup to Nuts By Carroll D. Alcott The business of di recting the affairs of boxers is a poor one at its best for the rank and file of so-called man agers who infest the gymnasiums and the stadiums. For every boxing mentor in the United States who is handling the affairs of a champion there are a thousand little fellows who are following the same racket with little or no success. Their social status is about that of a mendicant. As a matter of fact most of them are beggars; begging the promoters for fights and the sporting editors for space in the papers. This type of manager usually has little to offer, but in spite of his seemingly futile efforts he hangs on hoping that some day he may uncover a champion or a contender who will :al ticket for the rest of Billy Gibson and Eddie :lect few who have been ecades by producing real lucky in the past Eddie Kane was a street and bar-rcom singer in Sioux City up to tne time he started handing the affairs of Mike and Tom Gibbons. Billy Gibson was an unknown until chance brought him in contact with Benny Leonard, the greatest drawing card ever produced in the lightweight division. Jack Kearns was a drifter who grafted a living by various divers methods until a ray of luck handed him a contract with Jack Demp sey’s name signed to it. Kearns is still manag ing a champion in the person of Mickey Walker. Gibson has produced another big money getter in the person of Gene Tunney while Eddie Kane has Sammy Mandell, lightweight champion 3rld, under his wing, although Eddie’s SI5.000 to a punch, was unable to faze the former Meralco Sencio is dead. He died in the ring, figuratively conductor with his punches, but in spite of his speaking, the victim of Bud Taylor’s killing lack of ling knowledge and his extreme awkward- punches. ness, he was able to outbox lictle Pedro. Of Nursed along gradually Fernandez should course, he outweighed Sarmiento by become a champion. He won’t, however, eight pounds, but that handicap unless Churchill changes his Pete’s boxing during and takes matters a bit easy. Hill is still fightir stead of matching him against . with only average class for the time being and giving the youth and, if he continues to employ his present method, he will likely never manage another. Pete Sarmiento, Johnny Hill and Clever Sencio were of championship material. Sar miento is back home after three or four years of constant fighting in the United States, and with only a few more months of lucrative boxing ahead of him. Ordinarily, he should have two or three years of boxing ahead, but his old time form is gone. The speed with which he tossed punches and his sensational legwork that made him famous and earned Churchill and him more than $300,000, have vanished, as was attested in his bout last month with Kid Johnson. Johnson, who is little more than a ham bruiser with nothing to recommend him but a terrific good purse, fights often but will probably never attain the much coveted crown of the feather sector. Fernandez, considered by Manilans the greatest championship prospect who has been developed in these islands since the death of Villa, is going the way of Sarmiento. Clever good standing of the younger set QUALITY— that males friends everywhere? IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 Comparative Statement of Advertising Carried by the Five Leading Manila Dailies for the Month of December, 1927 Newspaper' Language Lines 1. BULLETIN MorningEnglish 471,394 2. Next paper Evening Spanish 354,788 3. Next paper Morning - English 303,562 4. Next paper—Evening English 294,168 5. Next paper—Morning English 276,654 The BULLETIN carried: 33% more than the Next 55% more than the Next 60% more than the Next 70% more than the Next Where most business goes is a good place to go for more business Local Advertisers buy more Bulletin space because it gives them better results. UNDER THE SAME AMERICAN MANAGEMENT FOR 29 YEARS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 a chance to become acclimated, he has rushed him in against such phantoms as Beil, Petrone and Canzoneri, only to get him beaten. Bud Taylor, who has two ring killings to his credit, will be next for Fernandez if his Manila mentor, Santo Tomas Cortez, is to be believed. Cortez, like Churchill, is afflicted with the money mania so the combination is apparently perfect. Fernandez is bound to be a money-maker during the next two or three years; always a contender commanding fair purses, fighting often but always just out of reach of the title. He may win the crown, if Bud Taylor, the present titleholder, is slipping, as some believe, but the chances are against him as far as his keeping it is concerned, with such men as Petrone, Bell and Canzoneri in the ring. Boxing in Manila last month was headlined by the Sarmiento and Johnson fight, Christmas Eve, which ended in Johnson’s winning on a foul in the sixth round. The last bout of the month between Harry Wills and Irineo Flores, ended in the same way, Flores losing in the fifth round after delivering a number of low blows. There was nothing sensational about the latter bout, but the Christmas attraction started strong and gave signs of holding out until the end of the prescribed twelve rounds. It would have, had not Sarmiento's right not started working low. A clash in Manila boxing interests promises a number of sterling cards during the coming month. A. W. Yearsley’s new Lerma Park Bowl will be dedicated to boxing on the evening of February 4, with a bout between Kid Johnson and Pedro Campo. The latter will drag his lightweight title into the ring for Johnson to punch at. At the same identical moment, Pete Sar miento will attempt to regain his old bantam crowm when he crawls through the ropes at the Olympic Stadium and squares off with Little Moro, flyweight champion and a claimant for the bantam crown. Stewart Tait is tossing the now vacant bantamweight throne into the ring with them. With two big fights on tap for the same eve ning, both houses will probably be much smaller than they would if the bouts were separately staged. It will be an interesting experiment to watch and may bear fruitful results. During the past decade or so, several have attempted to compete with the downtown arena, but none have succeeded. The central location of the Stadium is a decided asset to Tait and it will probably survive many more efforts to compete with it. The owner of the new out-of-town bowl, however, is to be admired for his courage. If he succeeds in continuing to secure good talent, the Lerma Bowl can be expected to grow popular, for a time at least. The outstanding feature of the Manila sport calendar in December was the sudden rise of the Eagles, All-American baseball team in the Philippine Baseball League, from an aggrega tion of erring players to a sterling combination. Bobby Robinson has now banded together one of the best All-American nines that has made its appearance in Manila since the early days of the game in the Philippines. After taking a bad start, the Eagles have come back to play a game that smacks strongly of the majors. It took Robinson’s men a long time to iron out all of the kinks and break into the win column, but their last two starts have ended in victories over the two strongest teams in the league, Meralco and Cavite. Good baseball was the only thing that won for them. The Cavite-Eagles game of Monday, Jan uary 2, was the best exhibition of baseball turned in on the Nozaleda lot this year. The session went the innings, three longer than the prescribed distance. Three bunched hits in the last of the closing canto won the battle. Mayhall pitched a spectacular game. He has done this since the start of the season, but weak support in the opening games furnished him with little opportunity to chalk up a real victory. Now that his team support has bolstered up the tender spots, “Nig” can be expected to win the majority of his games from now on. Mayhall is still only a youngster in baseball years. He started his career on the diamond in the Philippines four years ago and he rates a berth on any Pacific League team right now. Another year in the local loop and he should be ready for a shot at Class B baseball and from there, who knows. The Fort McKinley Scouts have come to the front along with the Eagles, thanks to the aid of a good pitching staff, newly recruited. A few weak spots in the infield still exist, although it’s nothing to worry about. The army entry makes up for all fielding deficits with its heavy hitting power. The team is leading the league P15.00 This shoe costs a little more than the average, but— IT PAYS TO BUY QUALITY Call and see our line of white shoes HIKE SHOE PALACE 140-146 Escolta Manila, P. I. I Make Your Money Work For You The sooner you open your account, the sooner it will begin to work. Our Savings Accounts De partment is anxious to assist you. Do not worry about your time. We will give you quick and efficient service. 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IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 Ruth Elder Washed Hubby’s Dishes For Last Time ❖ ♦ ❖ How You Gonna Keep ’Em After They’ve Flown Away? By William H. Fort* Ruth islder New York, Nov. 11.—Ruth Elder, the pretty young flyer who took off bravely from Curtis field six weeks ago in an attempt to be the first girl to fly across the Atlantic from New York to Paris, came home today aboard the Aquitania with her pilot, George Haldeman. It wasn’t an especially big reception that awaited her, but that was not the fault of the New York officials who did everything possible •Poor Ruth! After she landed she only got $25,000 from the Daily Mirror for her story of the Atlantic flight that flopped at the Azores, but which was daring and heroic for all that, and only $20,000 for twenty days in vaudeville; and then she only had left the possibilities of a book, the lecture platform, and the movies! One sees more dish-washing looming just ahead of her, but it’s headed straight away from the little southern rose. For Fort’s story on her arrival in New York the Journal is indebted to the Chicago Daily News. Well, look what day it was; and didn’t the war make the world safe for democracy?—Ed. to make her feel like a returning heroine. Grover Whalen, Mayor Walker’s official welcoming proxy, went down the bay to meet her aboard the city’s welcoming tug Macom and presented her with a large bouquet of American beauties in behalf of the mayor, and the police band was on hand to toot cheerful melodies as the tug made a landing at pier A and several harbor craft, adding the sound of their whistles to the blare of the Macom’s siren, gave all the appear ance of a boisterously noisy welcome. Only a scattered few lined the sidewalks of Battery park as the Macom steamed up to the pier, but the tooting whistles brought out the crowds and as the official Whistles Bring automobiles started up town Out Crowds Broadway’s noontime throngs filled the streets, confetti and ticker tape rained down and the little aviatrix, rolling along in an open machine with Mr. Whalen by her side, was perfectly content. She was escorted first to the St. Regis hotel and later to city hall, where Mayor Walker welcomed her and Capt. George Haldeman to the city, complimented them on their bravery and presented them with official scrolls comme morating their flight. Miss Elder’s two sisters, Mrs. James H. Glass and Mrs. Marion Helling, her aunt, Mrs. Susan Odom, and her husband, Lyle Womack, were aboard the Macom to greet her. Womack, who arrived from Panama last week to be here when his wife returned, announced on the way down the bay that he would do his best to per suade her to give up flying and return with him. But Ruth quickly put an end to this idea. She went to the pilot house where her husband was awaiting her, kissed him hurriedly and then went to the cabin below to be interviewed. “I am going to keep right on flying,” she said. “No one can keep me from it.” “But,” reporters insisted, “your husband has said that he came up here Insists on specially to persuade you to Flying Career go back with him and quit flying altogether. What are your plans for the future?” She shook her head shyly. “Get something to do. A job washing dishes or something, I guess.” “Well, how about going down and washing dishes for your husband?” “I have washed dishes for him,” she replied with a slight smile. “Then you aren’t going back with him and give up flying?” She shook her head silently th; ee or four times and then said, “No one could muke me do that.” Sarah Henderson Hay of Anniston, Ala., Ruth Elder's home town, official “greeter”. and Delight Class and Superiority Distinguish This Car Above All Others FALCON - KNIGHT SALES COMPANY - DISPLAY ROOMS 477 MABINI Z/V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 She has no contracts, Miss Elder said, and has made no plans for the future except that she is sure she is going to continue to fly. "I don’t know whether I will go into the movies or not. I really don’t think I have any talent for motion pictures,” she said. Miss Elder was dressed in a Paris gown and she laughingly complied with the request of a reporter “to describe it for him.” “What do you want to know?” she asked, smiling up at him. “What’s it all about?” he replied. “Did it come from Paris, and what is it made of?” “It’s jersey,” she exclaimed patiently. “And I got it in Paris. It’s black and it’s called an ensemble." Capt. Haldeman sat beside her during the interview, content to allow her to do most of the talking, but chiming in now and then when a •technical explanation was required which she was unable to give. Mrs. Haldeman also was on the Macom to greet her husband. They are to celebrate their eighth wedding anniversary Sunday, Haldeman said. Outside of the city hall reception, the flyers will have the day to themselves. Tonight they are to be the guests of Flo Ziegfeld attending the Ziegfeld follies. Sunday night Miss Elder is to be the guest of honor at a dinner of the National Woman’s party and Monday she and Capt. Haldeman are to have luncheon in Washington with President and Mrs. Coolidge. New York, Nov. 11.—(A. P.)—The only cloud in the sky of Lyle Womack, husband of Ruth Elder, was that Mrs. Susan Odom, his wife’s aunt, refused to speak to him, he told The Asso ciated Press while on the way down New York harbor to welcome his flying wife back home. It was reported several days ago that Womack and his aunt were not as friendly as aunt and nephew might be, but Womack today said that he thought it would all blow over soon. “I guess it’s the old, old trouble—too much in-law,” he said. Manila in the year 1726 was not a prosperous place, in fact it was the reverse. Of course the regular revenues were collected and disbursed by a favoured few who were quite willing to divide if pressure was skillfully used, for stealing the King’s pesos was both a delightful and profitable occupation. Only a few years before a gang of thieves in high places had succeeded in removing a governor by assassination who had indicated that they should put back in the Treasury at least nine-tenths of what they had thoughtlessly taken. Furthermore they were never punished for either one or the other dere liction, for the old gray city and its society was—in one word—corrupt. As Manila was the centre of the Isles of Philip so the Plaza Mayor was the centre of Manila. In the cathedral the Church was represented, in the Governor’s palace the civil, and in the citadel the military. The commercial was relegated to the Consulado and the Plaza de Almacenes and jealously guarded by a close corporation of the three factors named above. Those in office enjoyed a salary and those in favour, a fortune, but the major portion of the citizens had sunk into an apathy that meant mere ex istence. As a result there was a plethora of restless spirits and parasites whose exploits kept the city from utter stagnation. These lived by their wits and did fairly well at their trade, for people who have neither wits nor means do not prosper in this world no matter where they dwell. The social elements of Manila at that time were complex, that is, the ones who are con cerned in this story. If the upper-world were haughty and officious, the middle-world dull and stodgy, the under-world combined all the traits of the century just passed and the one tJ come. They were crusaders of a moribund so-j ciety. They had to live if others had to die for it J for the sleepy provost guards were not in thd habit of challenging them unnecessarily—their pay of two pesos a month and a uniform being insufficient to take any pride of place. Iron chains linked up at the end of certain streets at sunset were a custom which was not discon-i tinued till a much later date, in spite of the gates being closed at the sound of the evening gun. This was done to prevent armed disturb^ ances and the escape of thieves. The population of the walled city has always been constant for some three hundred years. Its complexion has changed, it is true, but not its building area Officials, citizens and ne’er-do-wells were al: clad in all the sumptuousness of the period tha1 not even the gloomy monarchs of semi-monastir Spain could banish by decree. The long em broidered coats, with huge pockets and collars the small clothes, great funnel-boots, the rapiei and sword and the hat of tres-picos, or threi cornered head-piece, were then the fashion, apec by those who could steal it. Manila was noth ing if not religious but this did not preven’ young sparks and even older ones from playinf the gallant, for life was not all composed o' prayer and penance under the priests. The} might even pursue the female in her disguisini mantilla with protestations and promises, tha is if she was not accompanied by a servant o duenna. Even they were not safe after dark an hour when all respectable citizens and thei families were safe behind their grilled window, and bolted doors, for the provost guard, as w. have explained, rarely troubled to investigat an uproar, wisely waiting till it had died dowr CANADIAN PACIFIC LARGEST-NEWEST—FASTEST—STEAMSHIPS ON THE PACIFIC to CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE Proposed Sailings: Hongkong Steameri “Emp. Canada”. "Emp. Asia”.. . Jan. 22 Jan. 25 jan.^8 Jan. 31 Feb.’ 3 Feb. 12 “Emp. Canada”. C’ting steamer Feb. 15 Feb. 18 Feb. 21 Feb. 24 Mar. 4 “Emp. Russia” Mar. 3 Mar. 7 Mar. 10 Mar. 13 Mar. 16 Mar. 25 “Emp. Asia”... “Emp. Canada” Mar. 24 Mar. 28 Mar. 31 Apl. 3 Apl. 6 Apl. 15 Apl. 14 Apl. 18 Apl. 21 Apl. 24 Apl. 27 May 6 CANADIAN PACIFIC EXPRESS TRAVELLERS CHEQUES Experienced Travellers carry them because of their convenience and safety DESCRIPTIVE FOLDERS ON APPLICATION TO CANADIAN PACIFIC 14-16 CALLE DAVID GOOD THE WORLD OVER Ask any Canadian Pacific Agent IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 Like all cities, Manila had its beggars, but not of the pernicious variety report to the contrary notwithstanding. During those times they were looked after by the Church and even to this day a vast number of the genteel poor, sick and afflicted live on the alms of the convents and cures of Manila. Many were kept by a dole from the Archbishop himself, and on more than one occasion it is recorded that the prelates died with just enough for a decent burial, the balance having been given to the poor. It must not be thought that just because charity is now an organized social entity with periodical drives that it did not exist through the centuries, nor does it mean that the subjects were less deserving than now. The inns were ostensibly under the saintly pro tection of San Mateo, St. Mathew, the publican and sinner, and liquid refreshment was available at all hours. They were the haunt of the liber tine, the battered wreck and the youth just embarking on life’s voyage; the underpaid soldier, the visiting mariner and those of the black robe of the Law whose ways were crooked. In these halting places gathered the sons of loot and compradores de mala-fe who disposed of their goods—at a price. Then there were the goldsmiths’ shops, not that the walled city possessed any of these cunning workers in gold and silver, but it was a good name for a shop where loans could be gotten on heirlooms or jewels at a proportionate gain to the owner. In that part of the walled city lying near the Royal Foundry and near the walls lived most of the native and mixed population, much more thickly populated than it is today, and domiciled in warrens of houses that have long since gone the way of earthquakes. Here dwelt the furtive ones who lived by their cunning; the captain without either finances or soldiers, with no hope except war and no revenue except rapine. The cut-purse who cleverly snipped off the pocketbooks of the day, separating the stolid citizen or the marketing housewife from their wealth by a swift cut of the cuchillo; the underpaid escribientes and runners for the courts. And here dwelt their women-folk, those who had run away from a husband, or with one. The married ladies, unshod, ungirt and ample, their daughters slim and supple, with mysterious eyes, who shrank from the gaze of a stranger, but who, like fascinated birds, were nevertheless drawn more quickly to them than to those of their own race, which is the way of the world and the law of contraries. Here also stalked death and mutilation follow ing the swift urge of jealousy or revenge. And the native women do sometimes fight for love or its twin sister jealousy. They can be swift as the snake and as merciless as the hawk. Sight ing the object of their ire, hands are raised instinctively to their ears to pluck out their earrings deliberately before sternly engaging with the rival who has stolen the affections of lover or husband. Just as there is no treasure without seekers, no creed without its followers, so there is no beauty without admirers. In the district alluded to there was a tavern or posada, the rendezvous of the restless and needy char acters produced by the period. At all hours of the night and sometimes in the day they could be seen entering its low portals, swaggering if the affair had been fortunate, and listless if it had been otherwise. Several gangs, or as they were called tropas, used it as their special headquarters, and access was to be had at all hours after dark by four knocks in sequence known only to the initiated. It bore no name except that of its owner, but it was a well-known and popular resort in spite of its lack of a title. The posada was kept by the widow Medana, a stout lady with a roguish eye—a purveyor of rest, refreshment and wines, and a personage of the vicinity. Indeed it was hinted that she was nobody’s widow and as for that she had never been anybody’s wife. But her stew, her roast capon, her wines and aguardiente were above reproach and too much virtue cannot be expected under one roof. The inside of the posada was given over to rough benches, a long table and stools. A few hogsheads that had made the Pacific traverse destined for other hands stood in a row near the wall and made convenient eating tables, over which hung a heavy vinous odor. Behind these was a shelf upon which were ranged pewter pots, coarse glasses and drinking utensils, while from above a highly glazed image of San Roque, the saint whose powers cure sickness, gazed benignly on the scene below. Below the holy image was a scroll upon which was laboriously inscribed in Latin the following appeal: “Holy San Roque, give us thy aid against the shaking fever.” “First Day, Tremble, shiver and bum, “Second Day, Shiver and quake in turn, San Roque is a popular saint to this day all over the archipelago. Doubtless cures were effected owing to the sincere faith of the believers just as the science called Christian cures those During- the Festive Season, let your choice be the choicest! “San Miguel” jtalep itsen San Miguel Brewery Brewed expressly for the tropics! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 La Flor de la India We carry complete lines of Beautiful Haori Coats, Spanish Shawls of the Latest Designs, and everything made of silk. • Persian Rugs: 50% Dis count from our regular prices. Try Us Before You Buy 30-32 Escolta Manila, P. I. of will-power and determination. The back part of the hostelry was given over to a smoky cocina over whose fire swung an immense pot, which was always slowly simmering with a stew amongst whose mixture could be recognized fish, pork, vegetables, garlic and rice, for the cauldrons of that day were made as large as possible so as to cook enough at one heat. This cocina was presided over by a pig-tailed China man from Macao who was skilled in the culinary art desired by its varied patrons. The stew itself was portioned into rough plates called cagayanes, the ladle itself being so heavy that it could easily stun a bull or a bully if properly wielded. It was served to the guests who had the required number of tomines and granos, with three pieces of coarse bread, one for a sop, one to eat and the other to wipe the spoon with. Needless to say there were few scraps. The service of the tavern was performed by a stocky, perspiring Tagalog, who gave the plates the required polish with a napkin and very often mopped his beaded brow with the same useful cloth. However, the patrons of the posada were not very exacting and thoroughly familiar with the customs of the country. Most of them being hollow to the knees, as the saying is, had come to eat and not to criticize and we must admit that of the three functions necessary to life that of eating is the most important. At the moment of which we write the posada was full of patrons and chief amongst the wine samplers was Captain Pelagio de Oviedo. Captain Pelagio had left Spain, a land of high plateaus and arid wind-swept vineyards, while still young. In the course of a few years he had acquired a hardy frame, a command of the sword, a varied experience, a suit of finery and its concomitant—an empty pocket. Captain Pelagio (shortened in Castilian to Pelayo, the national hero) wore a military coat ornamented with a shoulder-knot that had once been crimson, but wind and weather had faded this to a dull orange. A long sword hung to a cross-belt banged ceaselessly about the calves of his legs and a pair of spurs adorned his funnel boots although it had been many a day since he owned a horse. His swagger and curling mustaches bespoke the soldier of fortune who sold his skill and blood, to whom glory was nothing and whose pay was small but provided him with a precarious living. We have his type with us today who do not carry sword or dagger but manage to wrest a living from their fellows. Thus, we see, human nature does not change much. His hat was a barometer of his finances. If it was set well back and was well brushed and the plume curling, they were opulent; if he wore it with a straight brim, funds were about to end, but if he drew it down over the eyes and the plume looked ruffled or bedraggled it might be confidently known that the knight of chance had not a tomine in his pocket. He had his customs and foibles, and was worthy of trust only when he swore by the finger-bones of Saint Peter. “By all other swearing he did deceive freely.” His chief lieutenant was Cristomo, a well-known character, three-quarters Spanish and noted for his Caruso qualities. This rogue had a good voice and an ear for church music, for he had been a monaguilla in his youth. This music he practised with great vociferation. He would begin by chant ing the prayers, the canons sung at matins, then the Credo as in High Mass, and passing on to vespers sang them through, not forgetting the Magnificat. While others indulged in ribald songs or crooned the interminable Moorish romances to which others might beat time with a convenient wine-pot, Cristomo, under the in fluence of Bacchus, would burst into an anthem, effectively putting a damper on all compet ing noise. From him, Captain Pelayo drew his knowledge of church ritual and custom, although he in the parlance of the day “hated the Mass like the Devil hates holy water”, which after all did not prevent him from fearing the spiritual powers, as he himself carried a charm of dapdap seeds concealed in a scapular and warranted to protect the wearer from both provosts and poisons. Another of the brotherhood whose greatest concern was the worship of Ceres and Bacchus, or as we should say, Bread and Wine, always threw his empty wine-bottles at the servants, aptly remarking that a body without a soul was only fit for perdition, thus showing he also had served in a convent in his youth. This member was called La Trinidad. He had not received this name at the baptismal font but had acquired it vicariously. He had been a sergeant in the Regiment of the King, but finding the pay insufficient to quench a thirst, absented himself so long that his true name had been erased from the roster long before. Further more he had had a quarrel with the paymaster. Out of the five pesos a month allowed him, some three had been withheld by the custodian of the funds, telling the sarjento of the honour he must feel in loaning money to his Majesty the King of Spain. La Trinidad disagreed with him and left the service. He attached himself to Pelayo, who was a much better if not as steady a paymaster. La Trinidad was given to an inordinate wor ship of wine and was prone to religious argument THE HEART OF EVERY COCKTAIL GORDON’S DRY GIN GOOD KUENZLE & STREIFF, Inc. 343 T. PINPIN PHONE 113 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 as well which at times bordered on the skeptic. His confessor, the blue-jowled Fray Bruno, had striven in vain to check this tendency. One day when La Trinidad was in funds he met the worthy friar who himself was not averse to a glass of wine but who was more bent on saving this lamb who promised to become a lost sheep. Invited into the unsavoury posada they con tinued an argument as to how one person could be three. The patrons were silent but interested and listened in, in the hopes of acquiring holiness from the proximity of Fray Bruno. The honest monk struggled to elucidate the idea of the Trinity to the irreligious toper but the latter shook his head at each futile attempt to instruct him. On the table was a jar of water, some sour claret, and a half emptied bottle of Jerez. Fray Bruno took a decanter and poured in all contents of the three. Throwing out his arm in a gesture of triumph he said “Here is the proof before your eyes, tres en uno, three in one.” The argument was irresistible. From that day on the worshipper of wine became an even more fervent worshipper of the Trinity proved with such mathematical exactness. Hence his name La Trinidad bestowed upon him by his com panions. Another and a recent addition to the tropa of Captain Pelayo was Don Gabriel, not that he was entitled to the don, which had been be stowed upon him by the frequenters of the posada. His history was short and to the point. He had been a member of the city guard, the officer of which had sent him to play the spy, owing to his knowledge of Castilian and various dialects. This detail was not to his relish, and in addition as a suspicious character, a spy, he did not look the part. He was both slender and sober and even Caesar a thousand years before distrusted thin people who did not drink. Most certainly to play the part amongst rustlers, soldiers and adventurers he was handicapped from the start, and he was, quite naturally, unable to discover anything of value to the police. In addition he was extremely touchy and a slight quarrel with his superior who held his cane point upward instead of point downward in giving him an order, resulted in a duel in which his superior was killed, a-military crime. The consequences being serious, Gabriel had deserted, another serious military crime. Confessing all to Captain Pelayo, who was however aware of it, he was allowed to join the tropa of the Caballeros of fortune. Such were a few of the characters of the hos telry of the widow Medana. Nor was the conversation less edifying round the battered tables. Some discussed the stratagems of depriving others of their wealth, others the games of hazard then in vogue, and still others devoted their talk to the interesting subject of women. In the far comer of the posada, however, on a certain day, were two worthies whom we may introduce as a tropa in themselves, a close corporation cemented for the moment by poverty. One was a tall lanky man of forbidding aspect, one of those who coveted yet shrank from grati fication if it were to cost him a pang. He was named Gaspar and known as an expert cloak-snatcher, a trade that has not yet fallen into disrepute regarding the loss of umbrellas and hats. This peculiar class of thieves flour ished in Manila during the eighteenth century and were men who pilfered or stole outright the costly habiliments of the period. And some of these were not to be despised. They might well represent the value of the wearer’s estate. The snatchers were in collusion with the tailors who turned, dyed and re-made the garments and were not unbenefited thereby, and who were not uncommon in the walled city, then the mirror of fashion for the islands. Any way Gaspar made money at his trade. The other member, who gazed hungrily at a patron devouring a cagayan of stew with violent smackings, was of a different type; his name was Juan, corrupted into Juancho, and in common with many he had come from the provinces to seek his fortune in the metropolis. In these days perhaps he would have been a politician, but at that period there were no vacancies in that profession. There is an old saying that “the chicken bred in the provinces comes to Manila to be eaten.” He was new to the game of living by his wits, and had no flair for the cloak-snatch ing activities of Gaspar, but had a most decided one for wearing the finery that his companion lived upon. Another passion possessed in common was that of gaming, inherited from a long line of ancestors who believed a man was justified in borrowing a peso in hopes of recov ering the one lost over the dice. Juancho had borrowed this sum of Gaspar, won a handful of money, paid his debt back, and lost all he had to the cloak-snatcher. He was cleaned out completely and felt for the moment both hungry and desolate. However, there was another feeling that quite occupied him. He was in debt to Gaspar for a hat, and he had been nagged for an hour to pay up. This hat was the crown of his finery, and was of tres-picos with a red rosette, the edges trimmed with silver braid long tarnished. Gaspar had come by it very expeditiously. Walking over the Bridge of Spain, he had accidentally knocked it from the wearer’s head into the BAGUIO TRAIN SERVICE 19 2 8 BAGUIO SEASON The Mountain City opens wide its gates in cordial welcome to the visiting throngs and offers to them the advantages of an ideal resort for entertainment, sport, comfort and relaxation. Its varied attractions will give you a vacation to be remembered and repeated. BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL Connection with Benguet Auto Line at Damortis to and from Baguio Leaves Manila every Friday at......... 11:00 p. m. Arrives Damortis at......................... 6:05 a. m. and Bauang Sur at......................... 7:07 a. m. the following day. All Baguio Night Trains include spacious modem sleeping and BulTet cars with bath rooms and all conveniences of the Luxe travel. Also carry ordinary first and third baggage car. class coaches and Additional Night Trains will be run from time to time, notice of which will be duly published in local papers. Dining Service operated by the Manila Hotel Company Schedule of Departure and Arrival North Bound South Bound MANILA....... L. 11:00 Bigaa............... 11:40 Malolos........... 11:59 San Fernando. 12:46 Dau.................. 1:23 Tarlac.............. 2:30 Paniqui........... 3:14 Dagupan......... 4:48 San Fabian... 5:18 DAMORTIS.. 6:05 Agoo................ 6:23 Aringay.......... 6:47 BAUANG SUR............ A. 7:07 BAUANG SUR............. L. 9:03 Aringay........... 9:33 DAMORTIS.. 10:30 San Fabian... 11:02 Dagupan......... 11:24 Paniqui............ 1:06 Tarlac.............. 1:44 Dau.................. 2:47 San Fernando. 3:34 Malolos........... 4:13 Bigaa............... 4:30 MANILA....... A. 5:10 Passengers holding through tickets to Baguio disembark at Damortis for Auto connection. No free hand baggage is allowed on the Benguet Auto Line; minimum charge 50 centavos for each piece not exceeding 20 kilos in weight. Write for copy of our Folder containing complete Time Tables and information concerning important points reached by Railroad. MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY Telephone 4-98-61 943 Azcarraga waters of the muddy Pasig, and later re covered it as his legitimate property and sold it to Juancho for three tomines. The last was a perfectly honest deal, but no money had passed into the hand of the greedy Gaspar, who pro ceeded to collect it by the native expedient of constant nagging, or have Juancho return his head-gear. There was then a deadlock, for Juancho became sullen and stubborn as the other increased his importunity. It was a case as the Spaniard says of “Pedro dances as well as Juan, and Juan dances as well as Pedro” (being six of one and half-a-dozen of the other). The coins of the colony had varied from the toston of 1580 to the doble of a century later. The reals and ducats of Spain had been current for a while but currency at that time was divided into pesos, tomines and granos. The tomine was worth about twelve cents, a sum not to be despised when a peso was a more important coin than today. (Few people know that the dollar sign is of Spanish origin, representing the pillars of Hercules.) Anyway Gaspar was of Returns from Bauang Sur every Sunday at.......................................... 9:03 p. m. Leaves Damortis at........................... 10:30 p.m. Arrives Manila at............................... 5:10 a. m. the following day. First class passengers leave Baguio.. 8:00 p. m. Third class passengers leave Baguio. 7:30 p. m. Office at 519 Dasmariilas. RATES First Third Class Class Manila to Baguio, one way.. . . Pl7.10 P 8.55 20 days, Manila to Baguio, round trip............................... 11.84 90 days, Manila to Baguio, round trip............................... 26.00 12.94 Manila to Damortis, one way.. 11.10 5.55 20 days, Manila to Damortis, round trip............................... 15.54 8.88 90 days, Manila to Damortis, round trip............................... 16.04 9.13 90 days, Manila to Bauang Sur, round trip............................... 18.21 10.37 Sleeper berth, each way, round trip................................................ 5.00 BAGUIO EXPRESS SERVICE MAIL Northbound, Leaves Manila at......... 8:00 a. m. Southbound, Leaves Bauang Sur at.. 10:00 a. m. Trip between Damortis and Baguio is made in less than two hours. IN RESPONDING OT ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 the disposition that refused to be cheated and intended to get back either his hat or the three tomines-, Juancho on the other hand resented the doubting of his honour or ability to pay. As a consequence there was bad blood between the two citizens, about the price of a hat. The next day Juancho had to tighten his faja in lieu of a meal, but he set out to meet one. Cocking his three-cornered hat over one eye, brushing off his tattered finery he swaggered past the lanky Gaspar regaling himself with a pair of eggs, and took the road out of the city towards the suburbs of Malate, literally seeking what he might devour. At a discreet distance followed Gaspar, one eye on his hat and his thoughts on the recovery of his tomines. Juan cho, finding the inner man loudly calling for almuerzo, was fortunate in getting a meal on credit of a buxom tiendera, but this incident only proved to the cloak-snatcher that he had plentjpof money but refused to pay. His eve ning meal was simple, for with the ready hos pitality of the Malay, a householder invited him and he lost no time accepting. He had just finished and was about to light the post prandial cigarette when Gaspar appeared and demanded his hat or his pay. A few bitter words and a struggle ensued for the three-corn ered hat, to the great consternation of the host and his family. Juancho, who did not desire to lose his head piece on account of the protection it afforded and the pomp it conferred, took to his heels, followed by the pounding Gaspar. At that time there was, at a short distance from Malate and attached to the parish, a visita, or stone chapel, in which the people of the barrio heard an occasional mass and used as a temporary place of worship. It lay in a clump of bamboo and camachile trees, the door of course always open, and it contained an elaborate but flimsy altar, upon which stood the image of San Isidro Labrador, the patron of all good agriculturists, who by the way, we understand, is the patron saint of Madrid. At all events he is represented in the Philippines with his plow and oxen, and other farmers’ implements, and after a good crop numerous candles are burned in his honour. Approaching the visita, Juancho, who was not as good a runner as his lanky creditor, left the dusty road and sought sanctuary in the hope th it Gaspar would continue his flight and miss him. However, although the night was dark, his ears were good, and he also turned into the chapel. Juancho passed rapidly up the flagged aisle and hid himself in the draperies behind the good saint, from which place of vantage he piously hoped he was safe till a later hour. Gaspar tiptoed into the visita, and assured that his hat was inside, crept cautiously into the carved confessional to await the emergence of his debtor, inwardly fuming at this escaping of what was to him a perfectly legal and collectible debt; and here we will leave them watchfully waiting to see what has become of Captain Pelayo, and his tropa. Pelayo, La Trinidad, Cristomo and four other companions were in the possession of the in formation that about dark a coach was expected from Cavite province with a heavy consignment of tax-money en route to the King’s Treasury. La Trinidad solemnly assured them that as the King was his debtor for all the money he had loaned during his period of service, he intended to collect the sum with the regular interest prevalent in the Philippines. Armed with a couple of trabuces, a pair of horse pistols and their regular meat-spitters the tropa awaited the event. In time the creaking coach ap peared coming up the road, its lights dimmed by the dust, and the two armed guards tired by their long ride and thinking of the flesh-pots of the city and little of any such rude interruption as awaited them. The troop dashed into action, the riders were pulled from their horses, without a chance to use their ponderous firearms, th? cochero turned loose with a swift kick, the fat tax-official roped securely and laid with the guards in the dry ditch. The horses of both the escort and coach were started towards Manila with a series of whacks, and the tropa of Captain Pelayo were in high glee. Manila Cordage Co. P. O. Box 131 Manila, P. I. TOWLINE BRAND High Quality Pure Manila Rope BROWN BRAND Good Quality Pure Manila Rope . PLOW BRAND Mixed Fiber Rope Low in Price DRAGON BRAND Made of Pure Philippine Maguey Ask for Prices The loot was considerable, being in four leath ern sacks, the joyous jingle of which told of the King’s tribute. Crossing the fields a short distance to a tavern they knew of, they proceeded first to enjoy a meal which had been put off by their long wait, eating as if they possessed double stomachs and no consciences whatsoever. The only liquid refreshment obtainable was the fiery liquor known as anisado, with which they proceeded to top off their meal, all except Ga briel the neophyte. Fortified with a number of bottles they emerged and set off up the road in the direction of Malibay, at that time the Thieves’ Roost of the suburbs. Of course their success led them from one drink to another until the rascals carrying the loads of silver stopped J- /St Time and Attention T~pOR good optical work time and attention are necessary. ff. When a client breaks a lens we are frequently asked to “rush” a duplicate which may require the most careful grinding and polishing. A “rush” order means gen erally more or less imperfect work. Why not have an extra pair and do away with such annoy ances? 9094 ESCO LTA PI.') MASONIC TEMPLE Always the best in quality but never higher in price and demanded a division be made so that each might bear his own loot. The argument became noisy and vinous, and being close to the visita in which Juancho had sought sanctuary Captain Pelayo acceded to their desire. La Trinidad and four of the tropa, although they wished to share the pesos, wanted it done in another place than the chapel as they were superstitious in spite of the cargo of anisado they carried. After considerable commotion they entered and lighting a piece of candle sat down in a circle amid husky breathings and greedy eyes. They found that the haul exceeded their expectations. Then began the division, scrupulously counting into eight piles, two for the captain and one each for the tropa. It amounted to two thou sand four hundred and thirty-two pesos and three tomines. When they had finished of course there were three tomines left over, a sum dif ficult to divide into eight equal parts. Cristomo suggested drawing lots, Gabriel the cruz and cara method and the difference of opinion threatened to develop into a tipsy quarrel. The Captain, in order to settle the dispute, advised that it should be a matter of skill as they were all equally brave. The one who could throw the knife nearest to the ox of San Isidro should have the three tomines, a proposal received with general applause. La Trinidad and the others objected to using the holy saint as a mark, but were argued down. Although San Isidro might be speechless at the indignity, Juancho, who had heard all that had passed, violently objected to being made a target or to dying a martyr’s death. The voluble tropa lined up unsteadily due to the amount of anisado they had imbibed, and Cristomo made ready for the first cast. At this moment Juancho, reverting to his native dialect, yelled "Panginoon Dios. Ma-awa-saquin” (Almighty Lord, have pity on me). In trying to extricate himself from the draperies, having vainly implored Divine aid, the entire altar with the saint itself gave way and fell with a magnificent clattering towards the circle of knife-throwers. This was too much even for the captain and he and La Trinidad were first at the door which proved itself too narrow for the hasty egress desired by the tropa, who precipitately fled, leaving San Isidro to the undisputed possession of the King’s pesos. Juancho extricated himself from the hangings and coming out gloated over the opulence of the piles of silver. He had never seen so much wealth at one time in his period of existence, but he lost no time in availing himself of this op portunity. Dragging off a piece of the drapery he had hastily put the money inside and was stooping to tie the improvised sack into a knot, when he was aware of a pair of ragged hose and dusty shoes at his side, and looked up into the leering face of Gaspar, who had emerged in turn from the confessional. KJ. i [IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 Send for Catalogue Ask for Prices Machinery Department Macleod and Company 159 M. de Comillas P. O. Box 2498 Manila, P. I. Without losing his presence of mind he held out the three tomines to his pursuer as the price of his hat. Scornfully drawing himself up Gaspar refused the sum he would have gladly accepted a few minutes before. “Halves or the police,” he said, at the same time laying hold of the drapery with a cloak-snatcher clutch. Seeing he was in a tight place Juancho consented and they sat down and made the division this time into two equal parts. Again the accursed tomines were left over. Juancho calmly proceeded to pocket these as an offset to the gift of some one thousand odd pesos he had made Gaspar, but the latter did not see the transaction in the same light at all. He desired the tomines for his hat in spite of all his sudden wealth. They were of course animated not by anisado but the one by ava ricious greed, the other by righteous stubborn ness. Words came and fearful of losing his dues the cloak-snatcher grasped Juancho by the arm, and he took hold of Gaspar by the hair. A vicious yank of the latter and the fight was on. In a twinkling they were a gyrating, cursing, fighting pair, yelling above the melee that each would take the three tomines in spite of the other, followed by the most bloodcurdling oaths. Punches, jabs and kicks, wrestlings and the crash of church ornaments and the scatter ing of pesos under their feet filled the echoing chapel as if there were twenty people engaged instead of two. Meanwhile Captain Pelayo and his tropa, tired of running, stopped to take breath. A discussion of the mysterious affair, the speedy exit and the loss of the loot turned to dull rage at being cheated by a saint. In spite of the warnings and entreaties they returned towards the chapel. As they approached their steps became slower and their courage less. At a safe distance they stopped and vainly tried to calm their wildly beating hearts. Nobody spoke, as they all appeared to be filled with a sudden respect for the miraculous, the super stitious complex in an age of miracles. La Tri nidad, whose vinous breath and familiarity with holy places gave him a false courage, offered to reconnoitre the visita. Nobody disputed him or desired to take his place and with a bold resolution he disappeared in the direction of the chapel while the rest crouched in anxious silence. In a few minutes he came galloping wildly towards them. Some prepared for flight but seeing none pursued him they awaited his report. Pale and breathless, he was interrogated by the tropa. His story was to the point. The visita was full of men or spirits engaged in a terrible struggle to divide the spoils. He was unable to get close but heard them yelling and fighting, and the clink of the money was plainly distinguished. Each was demanding Quick Starting: Easy on the Purse Macleod International Engines Steady work is what a good engine must do. Our engines do it for others and will do it for you. Steady work means steady wear. Choice of the International engine is wise, because it has the Remov able Cylinder Sleeve and you can get all repair parts quickly. his three tomines with oaths and groanings. If was enough for La Trinidad. He did not care to interfere. Pelayo desired to know how many there were inside, but La Trinidad answered breathlessly, "How many? You can guess how many when out of two thousand, four hundred and thirty-two pesos they are only getting three tomines apiece.” The appalling news was too much for the super stitious troop, and the loud hoot of a lechusa in the bamboo was sign enough. They did not stand on the order of their going, but the clank ing sword and flying points of the captain were in the lead. There is no use struggling with the saints. While the two worthies were shouting and pummeling each other, they were too busy to see that the chapel was full and they were com pletely surrounded by some forty cuadrilleros led by the two guards the troop of Pelayo had laid by the heels. Stung by the robbery the latter after loosening their bonds had retraced their steps with reinforcements, and were just about to return when the noise and yelling from the chapel announced that something unusual was going on. The grizzled officer in command ordered them separated and secured with ropes, gathered up all the money, including the de spised tomines, and set out to deliver the sum safe into the hands of the Treasurer. Behind in the dust plodded the two culprits, unaware of the enormity of their crime. Every time they stopped to curse each other a prod behind from a rusty bayonet informed them they were no longer free of action. In this wise they arrived at the gates of the prison and were afforded the luxury of separate cells, and minus both the hat and its value. It was a most important capture and Manila was soon advised of it. Now the government of the Philippines even more than the govern ments of other places has a strong objection to seeing the taxpayers’ money diverted from its proper destination, which meant and still means that the proper persons shall spend it on properly approved vouchers. The consequence was that Juancho and Gaspar, caught in flagrante delicto, were left to moulder in the cell of the corregidor for some time. Came the day of the trial. In vain they tried to convince the judge that they had merely stumbled on the Toot. The fight for the three tomines settled that. The ruffled tax official solemnly recognized them, or said he did, as the very highwaymen who had attacked the coach, and another witness swore on the Holy Evangels that they were cloak snatchers. They argued with their spiritual confessor that Providence helps those who help themselves but the friar was not at all impressed with this quotation from Holy Writ. Captain Pelagio and the tropa kept a dis creet silence. Any raids they might engage in later were going to be far from saints and chapels. The sentence given was that each should be deprived of the means of committing further crime and to lose the thumbs of their right hands, these to be stricken off by a blow from a mallet and chisel. This, of course, happened long before the thirteen colonies revolted against “cruel and unusual” punishments. The un lucky individuals were finally released, each minus a thumb, and with a great bitterness in their hearts. Not only were they handicapped in appropriating the property of others but each blamed the other for the loss of over a thousand pesos. Besides, Juancho still owed Gaspar the price of a hat. —"Inter-Ocean". Java. FICKES HEADS MOTOR FIRM W. S. Fickes is the manager of Pacific Motors, a new automobile company distributing the Cadillac, La Salle, Oakland, and Pontiac cars in the Philippines. He is an old-timer here, widely acquainted and a wideawake salesman. The company is handsomely installed in the Roxas building, in the quarters vacated by Erlanger and Galinger January 1, when the latter moved to their new Escolta quarters. Give Her the Gun and Your Load is Lifted! “Brown” Hoists Lift Best and Lift Everything. Get a “Brown” Hoist on the Job. MACHINERY DEP'T. Macleod and Company 159 M. de Comillas P. O. Box 2498 Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 in slugging and has the only home run of the season chalked up on its team averages. The McKinley players started a hitting streak the last of December and defeated the Eagles and Cavite, and tied with Meralco, all on the same weekend schedule. The Scouts game with Cavite on January 1 will stand out in the history of Philippines baseball as one of its most sensational contests, although it failed by a few plays to live up to the standard set by Cavite and the Eagles on the following day. The battle went ten innings and Liboon, navy twirler. pitched a no-hit game for the first six innings. The score stood zero-all at the start of the tenth and the battle would have lasted another two or three innings had not Fructuoso, Cavite right-fielder, pulled one of the greatest boners ever witnessed on the local field. Fruc'.’. cso duplicated Freddy Merkle’s famous pla^ of the 1908 series by failing to touch second when two men were down and one run was crossing the plate from third base. It was an easy putout at second, retiring the side and relegating the Cavite man to the best ivory pedestal in the Philippine hall of boneheads. On the same day, January 1, the Eagles nosed out Meralco, 1 to 0, in a six inning game. Bel monte, chief umpire on the field, came within easy distance of finishing the day in one of the local hospitals by calling the contest at the end of the first half of the seventh inning on account of darkness. Meralco had boosted the score to 1-all at the start of the last contest but dusk made it impossible to see the ball and the right honorable Mr. Belmonte halted the game. The score reverted to the last even inning, leaving the Eagles in the lead. Bedlam followed in the obrero bleachers. The umpire, however, was ignorant of the rule and his face registered a pained and surprised look when told of what his judgment had actually caused. If the brand of baseball thpt has been played in the league during the last two weeks of De cember continues, the future of the game for the balance of the first half of the season is practical ly assured. It is a much higher quality than that played last year and the increased gate receipts show.it. In amateur sports last month, the F. A. A. F., the regional team championships, headlined the program. The baseball, basketball, volley ball and relays title events were run off, the University of the Philippines winning major honors in basketball and baseball. The former competition was spirited, the local varsity five defeating the Manila Railroad team, 45 to 41, in the final encounter. The baseball was noth ing to brag about although the competing teams were evenly enough matched to make the battles worth while watching. The apparent poor quality of baseball now being played in amateur circles in Manila will Getting the Schools Adjusted With Industries Included with the current schools legislation effective this year are provisions for the employ ment of four technical men at salaries (which may be as high as Si0,000 per year together with travel expenses) that ought to attract some of America’s best educators. After Gov ernor General Stimson reaches Manila, Gov ernor Gilmore plans to go to the United States to confer with educators and men interested in the direction of public education, and select the new technical staff for the bureau of educa tion: men for school curricula, agricultural education, vocational education, and teacher training. The most important of the new acts appears below. “Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Legislature assembled and by the author ity of the same: “SECTION 1. There is hereby appropriated out of the funds in the Insular Treasury not otherwise appropriated the total sum of five hundred thousand pesos to be apportioned among, and paid to, such provinces, cities, and municipalities as may desire to take advantage of, and comply with, the provisions of this Act, probably continue, with the result that the Philippine League will eventually suffer. Little or no effort is being made by the schools to develop players. Flayground baseball is the vogue and the playground director, Silvestre Torres, is encouraging it to the limit. Torres’s sentiments are to be admired, for playground baseball is an excellent athletic pastime for girls, tired business men and the aged, but certainly not for a red-blooded boy. In Amer ica, the sand-lots are the traditional source of all big-league material. But the vacant lots of Manila are dedicated to beanbag and play ground baseball. Just where future talent is coming from is a mystery. Certainly, it won’t be from the P. A. A. F., and outside of the army, navy and the F hilippine Baseball League, most other good players are in Bilibid. That is no joke, as attested by the the excellent team upholding the colors of the Manila bastille. Francisco Aragon, ranking tennis star in the islands, had occasion to take the court last month in the first Metropolitan tennis tourna ment. The event was played on the LoangLaan courts and Aiagon won as usual, beating his brother in the finals. The city net meet, sponsored by the P. A. A. F., was run off according to schedule, Felix Ampon winning by defeating Lt. Guevara in the finals. Only the usual unofficial weekend races sup plied the yachtsmen with anything to do. The organization of the Philippines Fleet of the International Star Racing Association may help matters during the next month or two by pro ducing a regatta with free sandwiches, beans, beer and pickles for the multitude. Golf last month was nothing unusual. The customary December tournaments were played at Wack Wack and Caloocan and the first 19th Hole Medal session was negotiated on the Muny links. It remains for February to produce the biggest links event of the season—the Phil ippine Open Tournament—wherein J. R. H. “Bob” Mason will defend his title. Mason may run into serious difficulty this year, much more than he did last season. Two army golfers, ‘Captain Kendall J. Fielder and Lieutenant Joseph Cranston, promise trouble. Fielder is the best of the two, and the army departmental champion. Ben Few is always a threat and was a finalist last year. Johnny Tuason, amateur champion, will be the leading Wack Wack threat, and he has a good chance of snaring the throne. There is always a dark horse to give a champion additional trouble, and the latter, whoever he happens to be, will furnish the headlines in the papers for a few days. According to the present calendar, golf, base ball and boxing will headline the month of February and the same menu is slated to be continued through March. for the purpose of cooperating with them in constructing agricultural and vocational school buildings for vocational schools to be established or already established and purchasing equip ment therefor, in paying the salaries of teachers, supervisors, and directors of agricultural sub jects, and teachers of trade, commercial, home economics, and industrial subjects, in preparing teachers for the said subjects, and for the use of the Bureau of Education in the administra tion of this Act and in making studies, investigaWELCH - FAIRCHILD, LTD, SUGAR FACTORS AND EXPORTERS MANILA, P. I. Cable Address: WEHALD, Manila Standard Codes Agents Hawaiian - Philippine Company Operating Sugar Central Silay, Occ. Negros, P. I. Mindoro Sugar Company San JosS, Mindoro, P. I. 1*100,000.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 tions, and reports to aid in the organization and efficient administration of agricultural and voca tional education, which sum shall be expended as herein provided. “SEC. 2. The said sum shall be available for the fiscal year ending December thirty-first, nineteen hundred and twenty-eight, and shall be apportioned among the various purposes of this Act, as follows: “(a) Aid in constructing school buildings and purchasing equip ment therefor............................. “(b) Payment of salaries of teach ers, supervisors or directors of agricultural subjects................... “(c) Payment of salaries of teach ers of trade, commercial, home economics, and industrial sub jects.............................................. “(d) Aid to the College of Agricul ture, University of the Philip pines, for the establishment of a Department of Agricultural Edu cation for the training of teachers and supervisors of secondary agricultural instruction............. “(e) Aid to provinces, cities, and municipalities in preparing teach ers, supervisors, or directors of agriculture and teachers of trade, commercial, home economics, and industrial subjects............. “(f) To the Bureau of Education for the creation of a division of agricultural and vocational edu cation, the administration of this Act, and the making of studies, investigations and reports........ 25,000.00 25,000.00 “The Director of Education, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Public Instruction, shall pay out of the funds specified in subsec tions (b), (c), and (e) of the preceding para graph of this section and for the purposes there in enumerated, such amounts as are needed in this appropriation. The allotment shall be made on a per capita basis for the average number of pupils enrolled in the agricultural and voca tional schools of the provinces, cities, and munic1 ipalities during the months of August, September, and October of the preceding year. Of the sum specified in subsection (a) an amount equal to two times the sum appropriated and made avail able by a province, city, or municipality peti tioning for aid, shall be allotted: Provided, however, That if the sum herein appropriated is not sufficient for all provinces, cities, and municipalities petitioning for aid, the following order of preference shall be observed, provinces, municipalities, cities: And provided, further, That among each class, the date and time of filing applications shall govern in determining such preference. “SEC. 3. Any province, city, or municipality desiring to take advantage of the provisions of this Act and receive the aid for the purposes herein specified, shall approve in due form a reso lution stating: (a) its desire to take advantage of the provisions of this Act; (i>) its conformity with the conditions imposed in this Act for the grant of aid; (c) the nature and character of the work or instruction established or to be establish ed for which aid is sought; and (cf) the amount of money available for the project from local funds, and the lands, equipment, and other neces sary materials, and their corresponding value, {Concluded on page 28) New York Agents: Welch, Fairchild & Co., Inc. 13S Front Street San Francisco Agents: Welch & Co., 215 Market Street IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 A Seasonal Fairy Story: How Reads Your Policy? Fairy story: The annual report showed that the cost of doing business had been pretty high, at least the directors said so, and they were finding places where they could make cuts in the overhead. Two men, about equally valu able to the firm, and equally paid, were under the acid test. Would they dare reduce these men?—or, since both had earned, and were expecting, increases in pay, would increases have to be given to both? It was what is called a plain business proposition. That’s pretty blunt, but the truth is blunter still: man against man, life against life: essentially it was just as primal as two dogs scrapping for a bone. Although the two men whose futures were in volved were about equally efficient, they were not in the same circumstances. One always saved, and he carried all the insurance he could afford. The other was more happy-go-lucky, let the tail go with the hide, and the more he earned the more he spent. He was not fore handed, but his friend and fellow worker was. It is a long story, but at last identical proposi tions were put up to both: no increase, in fact a little reduction. Hail-Fellow-Well-Met had to accept: it nettled him, but he had to accept it. The other man politely returned the proposition, accompanied by his resignation. In the result ing conference, the proposition was withdrawn. He had used his job wisely, to make himself independent of it. And he was too valuable to let go. Yes, just a fairy story—but after John Jones had returned to the United States and decided to remain there, so he wrote to his friend in Manila to dispose of his house for him. Early in the development of Malate, when land was cheap, he had bought and built. Now he wanted so much, cash, for the investment. His friend spread the news. It reached Smith, American Asiatic Underwriters, Inc. GENERAL INSURANCE General Agents and Attorneys— United States Fire Insurance Co., of N. Y. Agricultural Ins. Co., of Watertown, N. Y. Hudson Insurance Company of New York The North River Insurance Company National Union Fire Ins. Co., of Pittsburg, Pa. National Union Indemnity Co., of Pittsburg, Pa. Asia Life Ins. Co., Inc., of Wilmington, Delaware China Bank Building Telephone Manila, P. I. 2-21-86 who had been on the lookout for something of the sort: years ago he had equipped himself with an endowment policy, against emergencies and for the sake of saving. It now had a con siderable borrowing value, and he could easily cover the rest with a mortgage; and he would be quite safe, because values in Malate were rising all the time. He turned the deal and made •$2,000. Selling soon at a figure which netted him this amount, he cleared his insurance again and got in a position to wait for something else to turn up. The insurance, all the time, had seemed to be a drain on his purse; and it had been, but the money, when he needed to use it temporarily, was found to have drained right back into his purse again. While he is waiting for something to turn up, he is waiting like the Bank of England waits, not like Micawber. Someone capable of doing so ought to write a history of banking, which would embrace, of course, that of trust companies and insurance companies. Besides being a good banker, he should be a historian—able to visualize the effect of new tools in man’s hands upon his social life. What an inspiring passage in that book would be the chapters relating to the Jews in the me dieval period of western Europe. Persecuted everywhere, with special and iniquitous laws applying against them, they could get no foot hold on the soil, in the hands of national aristo cracies, and were compelled to keep their wealth in chattels which they could conceal, more or less, from seizure and confiscation. Precious stones served this purpose, and cash, particu larly gold. The Jews, of course, were mer chants and bankers: as such they appear every where in the literature of the period. They bought and sold internationally, bought English woolens and sold England wine. But they had Lift INSURANCE btWfhmibMan;PE^E^WD vide for tund-is an asset to any TotheWdow-MAINTE comfortand phMdw^ cation for the childr^ What Is i to You The Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. MANILA, P. I. Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estates repayable monthly instalments, at ow interest If a mindful man with a fixed salary dies, he will only leave a small saving to his family For about P31.00 annually our company guarantees the payment of Pl,000 to your wife or sons in case of death, or to the insured himself if he survives the policy. Call or write for particulars to: The Manufacturers Life Insurance Co. E. E. ELSER, General Agent 405 Kneedler Building, Manila P. O. Box 598 Phone 2-24-29 HOME OFFICE 4th Floor, Filipinas Bldg. Plaza Moraga, Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 128 C. S. SALMON 3rd Floor, Gaches Bldg. Escolta cor. T. Pinpin 115 P. O. Box 734, Manila V. SINGSON ENCARNACION, President J. McMICKING, Manager IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 As each of these three Manila boys and their baby brother reaches the age of 18, he will - o have a paid-up annuity large enough to help him through college. to be wary about this, and so they devised a system of international credits among them selves. They “accepted” each other’s obliga tions, and would pay cash or lade ships with goods according to these acceptances. This was the inception of international banking, through the medium of which, today, supple mented as it is with the cable and radio, the mails and insurance, it is easily possible to get for Philippine products the ruling prices throughout the world. Cargoes are shipped with absolute security, and payment for them is in hand before the ships leave dock. The medieval period lingered in the Phil ippines, where pronounced aspects of it still prevail. What it was here in its prime is vividly seen in this month’s story by Percy A. Hill, The Price of a Hat, and the one last month by the same writer, A Christmas Gift From The Greeks. Both are capital tales, of recorded incidents. Then it did not do for natives to seem too wealthy, the habit of concealment grew upon the people, which persists today: there are many families of comparative wealth who have a great deal of cash about their premises, hidden. This is not enlightened thrift, for wealth hoard ed in this way is removed from circulation. Instead of earning interest, it earns nothing and is liable to damage or destruction: it isn’t like the old Mexican silver, for most of our money today is specie certificates, paper which the treasury will redeem in coin. Money, much or little, is properly kept in banks. They are safe, they are licensed and watched by the govern ment. They pay for the use of money, which they return upon demand; and when money is in their custody it is in active circulation. Bank deposits continually increase in the Philippines, but they are far from what they will be when everyone has learned to bank his money instead of hiding it away. The old reasons for hiding money are all gone, and the habit should go too. Are your life insurance policies antiquated? How long have they been in force?—For a number of years conditions governing life in surance have been undergoing remarkable chan ges, following the great modern business rule of consolid'ation of common interests: selling the public as much as you can instead of sticking on to the price all the traffic will bear. In the days when a cynical railroad magnate made this phrase famous, insurance was different from what it is since the notorious Hughes investigation: and its apparent adversities have proved its redemption. Anyway, whatever the occult reasons may be, policies offered today are more liberal than those of a dozen or so years ago: double indemnity in case of death by accident, for example, and annuities, etc., in case of partial disability, together with fully paid-up value in instances of total earning incapacity. The Journal understands that different companies handle the matter in different ways, but that it all amounts to bringing the oldtype policies, which were less favorable to the insured, up to date. The West Coast Life Insurance Company offers A full line of modern life insurance contracts designed to meet every need of business or personal protection. For particulars and quotations consult the Philippine Branch Office West Coast Life Insurance Co. Kneedler Building Manila, P. I. Telephone 664 LIFE TABLE FOR NATIVE-BORN, BOTH SEXES (1920), IN THE CITY OF MANILA Age interval, period of lifetime [ Of 100,000 persons (both | sexes) born alive. Rate of mortality per thousand; number dying in age interval among 1,000 alive at begininterval. Expectation of life; average length of life remaining alive at begin ning of age Number alive at the beginning of age interval. Number dying in age /o exact ages. Annual rale. Age in years. n-i 100,000 21,538 215.38 34.25 • 1-2 ............................................................ 78,462 6,701 85.40 42.51 2-3 ...................................................... 71,761 3,297 45.94 45.44 3-4 ........................................................ 68,464 1,894 27.66 46.60 4-5 ............................................................ 66,570 1,315 19.76 46.91 5-6 ...................................................... 65,255 572 8.77 46.85 6-7 ............................................................ 64,683 508 7.85 46.26 7-8 .......................................................... 64,175 458 7.13 45.62 8-9 .................................................. 63,717 421 6.61 44.94 o-in ....................................... 62,296 396 6.25 44.24 10-11. 62,900 380 6.04 43.51 11-12. 62,520 373 5.96 42.78 12-13 62,147 372 5.99 42 03 13-14. 61,775 378 6.12 41.28 14—15 ......................... 1 61,397 389 6.34 40.53 15-16. 61,008 403 6.61 39.79 16-17. 60,605 421 6.94 39.05 17-18. 60,184 440 7.31 38.32 18-19 .............................................. 59,744 459 7.69 37.59 19-20. 59,285 480 8.09 36.88 20-21. 58,805 514 8.74 36.18 21-22 58,291 518 8.88 35.49 22-23. 57,773 540 9.34 34.81 23-24 57,233 558 9.75 34.13 24-25 .......................................................... 56,675 574 10.12 33.46 25-26 ............................................................ 56,101 587 10.46 32.80 26-27 .......................................................... 55,514 633 11.40 32.14 27-28 ............................................................ 54,881 650 11.84 31.51 28-29 ................................................ 54,231 665 12.26 30.88 29-30 53,566 679 12.67 30.25 30-31. 52,887 691 13.06 29.64 31-32. 52,196 702 13.45 29.02 32-33 51,494 712 13.82 28.41 33-34. 50,782 721 14 19 27 80 34*-35. 50,061 728 14.55 27.20 35-36 49,333 I 736 14.91 26.59 36-37. 48,597 | 742 15.27 25.98 37-38 47,855 | 748 15.63 25 38 38-39. 47,107 754 16.00 24.75 39-40. 46,353 760 16.39 24.17 40-41. ......................... 1 45,593 766 16.79 23.56 41-42 44,827 771 17.21 22.96 42-43. 1 44,056 778 17.67 22 35 Readers interested in Manila life statistics beyond the age of 42-43 are referred to Dr. Eugenio Hernando’s article in the October number of The Philippine Journal of Science. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, THE ROBET DOLLAR COMPANY All things considered, the period since our last report has been a satisfactory one from a shipping standpoint. Freight rates remain firm to all points with little change of any consequence, with the exception that the con tract system has been extended to include sev eral important com modities. This, however, seems to be working to the decided advantage of both the shippers and the carriers, in that the shippers are enabled to fix sales of their merchandise based on a definite freight rate for considerable periods, and the support of these shippers is thrown to the established lines operating regular and depend able services. There was a very lively movement of exports from the I stands during the first half of December, but this tapered off to a marked degree at the year end. This was to be expected, however, THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK : -------- LTD. (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - . . . 96,500,000.00 Undivided Profits - - - - 6,179,045.45 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 1759—MANAGER PHONE 1758—GENERAL OFFICE due to the general tendency of practically all firms to run their stocks down to a minimum for inventory purposes. Many of the larger manufacturing plants seize on the Holiday Season as a" convenient time to shut down for their annual overhauling and repairs. In spite of this, however, exports for December, 1927, exceeded the corresponding exports for 1926 by about 15%, which is quite gratifying. There was a slight increase in the movement of hemp. Copra exports remained about stationary. There is little likelihood of any increase in the movement of copra for several months to come, as several of the important buyers report that although the demand remains fairly firm copra is scarce and deliveries by the small growers at outlying points are being made very slowly. The lumber and log movement to the Pacific Coast duiing the period under discission has fallen off to a considerable extent, although there are live inquiries being made, and the indications are that with the coming year these items, lumber particularly, will be moving in increased volume. The sugar season has come in with a rush and a heavy movement to the Atlantic Coast has set in. Pacific Coast sugar is also commencing to move in considerable volume. There are several vessels now in the Philippines loading full cargoes. Deep tank space for bulk coconut oil, par ticularly to the Gulf and to a lesser extent to the Atlantic Coast, has been scarce. Steerage traffic to the Hawaiian Islands increased materially during the period since our last report and indications are it will con tinue to increase, at least for the next few months. First class bookings Trans-Pacific continue coming in heavy and, as mentioned in our previous report, European steamers are practicaltybooked to capacity for the next three or four months. During December a total of 1912 passengers, all classes, are reported to have departed from the Philippines (first figure represents cabin passengers, second figure steerage): To China and Japan 170-260; to Honolulu 2-1254; to Pacific Coast ports 61-110; to Singapore 42-0; to Europe and Miscellaneous ports 13-0. Fili pino emigration to Honolulu during the month increased materially as did that to the Pacific Coast. The comparison shows: Honolulu, No vember 839—December 1254; Pacific Coast, November 56—December 110. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines there were exported from the Philippines during the month of November, 1927: To China and Japan ports 7636 tons with a total of 40 sailings, of which 4954 tons were carried in American bottoms with 12 sailings; to Pacific Coast for Local Delivery 23,177 tons with 13 sailings, of which 20,187 tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sailings; to Pacific Coast for transhipment 2558 tons with 8 sailings, of which 2288 tons were carried in American bottoms with 7 sailings; to Atlan tic Coast ports direct 26,402 tons with 13 sailings, of which 16,091 tons were carried in American bottoms with 6 sailings; to European ports 25,151 tons with 21 sailings, of which 86 tons were carried in American bottoms with 2 sailings; to Australian ports 276 tons with 4 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none; or a grand total of 85,198 tons with 60 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 44,300 tons with 16 sailings. William P. Hunt, formerly of the United States consular service, was recently appointed agent, United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation, at Shanghai, vice Captain I. Eisler resigned. Victor M. Smith, Assistant Director for Orient, United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation, who has been in Shanghai for the past several months in charge until a permanent agent was appointed, arrived in Manila December 28 aboard the American Mail Line liner President McKinley. M. H. Hunt, for several years purser of Pacific Mail trans-Pacific liners and about nine years ago assistant agent in Manila for the same line, recently was promoted by the United States Lines as their general agent on the Pacific with headquarters at San Francisco. Mr. Hunt was one of the most popular officials on sea and shore in the organization of the Pacific Mail and holds many friends in the Far East. R. C. Morton, director for orient, United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corpora tion, spent the Christmas holidays in Baguio with his family and returned to Manila January 2. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 Retail Value Dodge Products Exceeds Total Capital In Automobile Industry At 10 a. m. Saturday, November 5, the 2,000,000th car which Dodge Brothers have made came off the final assembly line, just 12 years, 11 months and 21 days after the first car was built by John and Horace Dodge on No vember 14, 1914. No. 2,000,000 is a standard four cylinder leather upholstered sedan and was shipped immediately to W. L. Eaton, Seattle dealer, who purchased it nearly eight years ago upon failing by six months to get in nis order in time to get No. 500,000. * The passing of the 2,000,000 mark by Dodge Brothers sets a new record for the automobile industry as no other company manufacturing cars that sell in or above the Dodge price class has yet approached the point of making 2,000,000 cars in the short period of less than 13 years. A measure of the vastness of the automobile industry and what it means to the prosperity of the nation and to Detroit in particular was furnished by President E. G. Wilmer in com menting upon Dodge Brothers’ record. He pointed out that Dodge alone, in less than 13 years of existence, has produced products whose retail value is estimated at $2,200,000,000, a sum greater than the entire amount of capital in vested in automobile manufacturing plants in the United States. He also stated that Dodge Brothers has paid its employees in wages during this 13 yeat period approximately $345,000,000, a sum over onehalf of the total wage bill of all motor car and truck factories in the United States in 1926. As the assembly of No. 2,000,000 was com pleted Al. Livermore, the oldest employee in point of service, with a record of 37 years of continuous employment, took the wheel and with the next three oldest employees, Bill Wohlfeil, Al. Andrich and Otto Graul as passengers, drove the car to the loading docks where they were greeted by President E. G. Wilmer, Vice Presidents A. Z. Mitchell, H. H. Springford and A. T. Waterfall and other company officials and congratulated on their remarkable records. Manila to Ne w York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig &• von Knobelsdorff Agents 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 NAVY WANTS WAREHOUSE BIDS Scaled proposals, indorsed “Proposals for Storehouse, U. S. Naval Station, Cavite, P. I., Specification No. 5519”. will be received at the Office of the Commandant, 16th Naval District, U. S. Naval Station, Cavite, P. I., until 11:00 a. m.. Jan. 14, 1928, and then and there publicly opened for a Concrete Storehouse at the U. S. Naval Radio Station, Cavite, P. I. The work will include plain and reinforced concrete, structural steel; built-up roofing; sheet metal work; steel sash; steel doors; two-ton capacity trolley with chain hoist, painting, hardware, electric wiring and electric fixtures. Specifi cation No. 5519 and accompanying drawings may be obtained on application to the Commandant, U. S. Naval Station, Covite, P. I. Deposit of a check or postal money order for $5.00, payable to the Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, Washington, D. C., is required as security for the safe return of the drawing and specifi cations. L. E. Gregory, Chief of Bureau of Yards and AMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed-Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports SAILING ONCE A WEEK TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS 24 Calle David ROUND THE WORLD President Monroe - - Jan. President Wilson - - - Feb. President van Buren - - Feb. President Hayes - - - Feb. President Polk - Mar. President Adams - - Mar. Sailings every fortnight MANILA 18 1 15 29 14 28 VICTORIA AND SEATTLE via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, and Yokohama SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 (Cont,n„r:l from page J.i) properly certified to by the provincial treasurer of the province requesting the aid, or in which the city or municipality is situated. “The resolution shall be forwarded through channels to the Director of Education, and if ap proved by him, a recommendation shall be made to the Secretary of Public Instruction for the neces saryauthority to allot the funds to which the prov ince, city, or municipality petitioning may be entitled to receive under the provisions of this Act. “SEC. 4. The sum made available in sub section (d) of section two of this Act shall be given as a contribution to the University of the Philippines to be spent by the Board of Regents of the said University in the establishment and maintenance of agricultural education courses in the College of Agriculture, which shall give practical training to teachers in agriculture to be employed in the agricultural schools created in accordance with the provisions of this Act. “SEC. 5. The sum made available in sub section (e) of section two of this Act shall be given as aid to provinces, cities, and municipal ities in preparing or pensioning teachers, super visors, or directors of agriculture and teachers of trade, commercial, home economics, and in dustrial subjects: Provided, however. That no province, city, or municipality shall receive any sum or sums from the said amount unless the persons preparing or being pensioned satisfy all the requirements of the Director of Educa tion, both as to qualifications and as to the courses to be studied, and obligate themselves to serve as teachers in the province, city, or municipality pensioning them for a period at least equal to the number of years during which they had received help or pension in accordance with the provisions of this section. “SEC. 6. A division to be known as the Divi sion of Vocational Education is hereby created in the Bureau of Education to consist of a Super intendent of Vocational Education and a force of specialists and supervisors who shall make studies, investigations, and reports with partic ular reference to their use in aiding the prov inces, cities, and municipalities in the establish ment of vocational schools and classes and in giving instruction ‘in agriculture, trades and industries, commerce and commercial pursuits and home economics. Such studies, investiga tions, and reports shall include agriculture and agricultural processes and requirements upon agricultural workers; trades, industries, and industrial requirements upon industrial workers, and classification of industrial processes and pursuits; commerce, commercial pursuits, and requirements upon commercial workers: home management, domestic science, and the study of related facts and principles and problems of administration of vocational schools, and of courses of study and instruction in vocational subjects. When the Director of Education deems it advisable, such studies, investiga tions, and reports concerning agriculture for the purpose of agricultural education may be made in cooperation with or through the Bureau of Agriculture; such studies, investigations, and reports concerning trades and industries for the purpose of trade and industrial education may be made in cooperation with or through the Bureau of Labor ; such studies, investigations, and reports concerning commerce and commercial pursuits for the purpose of commercial education may be made in cooperation with or through the Bureau of Commerce and Industry; and such studies, investigations, and reports concerning the administration of vocational schools, courses of study and instruction and science subjects in vocational schools may be made in coopera tion with or through the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines. The Director of Education may have other powers to employ such assistance as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. “SEC. 7. The sums made available annually for the Bureau of Education from and after the passage of this Act shall be used for the purpose of cooperating and making studies, investiga tions, and reports provided for in section six of this Act, and for the purpose of paying the salaries of the superintendent, his assistant and such officers and other expenditures as the Bureau may deem necessary for the execution and administration of this Act. “SEC. 8. All schools established under the provisions of this Act shall be of the secondary grade, that is, that they shall be less than college grade. The controlling purpose of the education to be given in said schools shall be to fit pupils for useful employment and to meet the needs of persons over fourteen years of age who have entered upon or are preparing to enter upon the work of the farm or the farm home, or who are preparing for a trade or industrial pursuit or who have actually entered upon a trade or industrial pursuit. “The Director of Education is hereby author ized and directed to determine the standard equipment to be used, and to prescribe the courses of study, the methods of instruction, the qualificationsof teachers, supervisors and directors, the amount of arable land available for field work in the agricultural schools, and the nature and char acter of the shops and equipment necessary for instruction in the trades and industrial schools. “Her Honor” Gives Chaliapin Divorce in Three Minutes ♦ ♦ ♦ Soviet Law “Chills Life Romance Like a Bleak Russian Winter” By Junius B. Wood* Feodor Chaliapin got his divorce yesterday. November 3. Only three minutes in the little branch court were needed to sever another tie binding the famous singer to his homeland and family. In that brief span across the face of the clock the wife, who was married in Italy thirty years ago, was silent. Her daughter, Irina, answered for her. The brief proceedings finished, the wife arose unsteadily and departed, not speaking and turn ing neither to the right nor left. Three minutes earlier she had been the wife of one of the world’s popular idols. For a few trembling seconds she sat while her life’s romance was chilled like a bleak Russian winter. Then she was a widow without even the name of Chaliapin. Chaliapin was not there; only- his flowing signature on a page and a half document signed in Paris in the midst of that world of which he is now a part. The scene had little of the pomp and tinsel of the stage. The little court, officially de signated as “bolshevik” branch in the Krasnayapresnia quarter of Moscow, Court Plain occupies the first room on the and Dingy first floor of a former two-story residence. The outside walls are faded pink, while the court-room apparently is the former dining room. A picture of Lenin over the judge’s bench was the only decoration on the clean lemon-colored walls of the courtroom. Battered, unpainted wooden benches with backs can accommodate sixty spectators. The room, which was to wit ness Chaliapin’s divorce, was crowded. Maria Shorina, short and stout, with brown bobbed hair and wearing the dark dress of a former worker, but bright and alert, sat in the judge’s chair behind the high rostrum. On either side sat Koneev, a worker, and Blinov, a clerk, the referees selected for the day’s proceedings. In front and below them were three red-covered tables and then the benches with the spectators. Chaliapin’s name was on a typewritten list of the day’s court call pinned to the door. It was the eighth on the list. The court briskly called the different cases. One was that of an owner of a watch, which he had given to a jeweler to repair, but could not recover because the jeweler’s shop had been sequestered before the repairs were completed. Another case was that of a man who had ordered a pair of boots and paid $5.50 to a cobbler, who had never finished the boots. Now there is snow on the ground. ’ The man wanted the money back. The crowd listened patiently, each person inter ested in his own litigation. “Chaliapin’s application for divorce,” Judge Shorina announced at 12:35 p. m., consulting the list lying on the desk in front of her. There was a stir in the court"What Luck,” room, for the name was Spectators Hold well known, though few anticipated that the case would come up. “What luck!” murmured a woman spectator. “Now we can see them with “SEC. 9. Alt schools originally established or continued under the provisions of this Act shall be free schools, and no tuition fees or charges of any kind whatsoever shall be collected from students attending them. “SEC. 10. Provinces, cities, and municipal ities are hereby authorized to request the Gov ernor-General to set aside and reserve such portions of public lands located within the province as may be necessary and convenient for the establishment of school sites and farm sites. “Sec. 11. The Director of Education is hereby authorized to promulgate such rules and regulations, with the approval of the Secretary of Public Instruction, as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. “SEC. 12. This Act shall take effect on its approval. “Approved, December 3, 1927.” out paying money for it.” Two lawyers came forward to the tables but the wife and daughter remained seated on the third bench from the front and could not be distinguished from the other spectators in the courtroom. “What are your names?” Judge Shorina inquired. The youthful representative of Cha liapin replied and the aged bearded attorney for Mme. Chaliapin did likewise. “What an array for such a simple, undebatable proceeding as a divorce!” commented the judge without a smile. Without further comment the judge picked up the brief document which Chaliapin had forwarded and started reading it. When she reached the sentence offering Iola Tarnagy “$300 monthly alimony until death” a gasp ran through the courtroom. “How much is $300?” a woman whispered loudly. “Is she an artist, too?” another asked. “Thank goodness, it ain’t too late and I can see them," gasped a man entering breathless and dropping into his seat. “How old is she?” the woman judge asked of the gray-bearded lawyer. “How old?” he echoed, turning toward the two women seated on the bench. Like a machine Question Betrays every head in court turned Wife in the same direction. The celebrities were finally lo cated. Mme. Chaliapin is short, extremely plump and has gray hair. She had on a little black hat, a dark blue coat trimmed with brown fur. Irina, the daughter, is tall and slender, with a large nose and features resembling those of her father. Her hair is black. She wore a little brimmed hat almost covering her face and a black silk coat trimmed with black fur. “She is 54,” Miss Irina replied without rising from her seat and without consulting her mother. “How old is Chaliapin?” the court asked. “He is 55,” Irina replied, without waiting for the lawyer to repeat the question. “What have you to say?” the court asked of the lawyers. “I support the petition,” Chaliapin’s lawyer replied. “We are agreed,” said Mme. Cha liapin’s lawyer. “That is satisfactory,” said the court, the judge indicating that she would write a formal order recording the divorce and approving the alimony later in the day. Under soviet law the divorcee resumes her maiden name when divorce is granted either by the court or the civil registry office, unless she specifically asks the contrary. Mme. Chaliapin made no such request and therefore she becomes Iola Tarnagy. ♦Feodor Chaliapin is the celebrated Russian opera singer. In his country divorce is now almost tragi cally easy: in the Philippines it is next to impossible, only following conviction in open court of marital in fidelity proved by witnesses. The extreme contrast described in Mr. Wood's cable to the Chicago Daily News Foreign Service is startling.—Ed. January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS . By E. A. SEIDENSPINNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling While there was very little from foreign mar kets to support the strengthening of the local copra market during De cember, prices have ad vanced steadily prin cipally because of low production and short supplies thruout the entire islands. De cember arrivals at Ma nila were much less than anticipated and totalled 199,870 bags. Total Ma nila arrivals for the year 1927 were but slightly less than those for 1926, 1927 totals being 3,148,163 bags and 1926 3,196,615 bags. Renewed inquiries received during December from the ^Continental market at advanced quotations also assisted the upward movement in Manila. The U. S. market for copra while slightly better was much out of line with local prices. Latest advices follow: San Francisco—Buyers, S.05-3 16; London— Cebu, £27/15 0; F. M. M„ £27. 5, 0; Manila— Resecada, 1*13.00 to 1*13.25. The U. S. market for coconut oil has strength ened and weakened during the month in sympathy with the market for competing fats and oils. A fair volume of business was re corded at prices fluctuating between 8-1 4 to 8-3 8 cents f. o. b. coast. As the year closes there is no indication of short supplies among consumers and it is very unlikely that the oil market will advance as rapidly as the local copra market. Latest telegrams follow: San Francisco, S.08-1 4 to S.08-3 8 f. o. b. tank cars; New York, S.08-1 2 c. i. f.; London, £39, 15 nominal; Manila, 1’.37 per kilo. The Continental market for copra cake has been quiet during the closing days of December with little interest displayed in futures and fair sized offerings for nearby and afloat. Specu lators have been active, depressing the market with offerings from April to December at £8 - 15 0, with practically no buying interest. Small sales were effected up to July at approximately £8 10 0. Afloat cargoes are offered at £9, 15, 0 with £9 10 0 bid and March shipment is quoted at £8 15 '0. Manila stocks are low with very little selling pressure and materially lower prices are not expected for the first quarter of the new year. Latest cables follow: San Francisco, no quotation; Hamburg, £9 10 0 afloat; £8 15 0 shipment up to March; Manila—Buyers, 1*62.00 January to March; Sellers, 1’65.00 to 1’68.00. TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. Meyer Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw Leaf: Although the export during 1927 amounts to about 22,000,000 kilos, which is 80% higher than for 1926, local stocks on January 1st, 1928, are es timated at about 67,000,000 kilos, which is ap proximately 20% more than at the beginning of 1927. Unfortunately, not much has yet been achieved in improving the quality. As a con sequence thereof the importation of cigar wrapper leaf from the United States and Sumatra is continuously increasing. Shipments abroad during December were as follows: ■Kilos Hongkong............................................ 50,629 Japan................................................... 48,237 North Atlantic (Europe)................. 108,065 Spain.................................................... 2,151,077 Straits Settlements............................. 595 United States..................................... 88,136 2,446,739 Cigars: Shipments to the United States during 1927 are 16% below the total of 1926. Adding to this the practical paralization of the China market for over two months, due to the exorbitant taxes on tobacco products assessed by the Nationalistic Government, the position of the cigar export trade for 1927 leaves much to be desired. Comparative figures for the trade with the United States during 1926 and 1927 are as fol lows: A Valet All the Way on The Oriental Limited The Finest Train Across America say thousands who have enjoyed this innovation and. many other travel comforts on the delightful journey between Seattle and Chicago, G9 hours and 55 minutes of unalloyed pleasure through some of the most beautiful scenery in all America. A Wonderful Scenic Ride through the Great Northern Cascades and Rockies, past prosperous farms and the 10,000 lake beauty section of Minnesota, to St. Paul and Minneapolis, thence down the scenic Mississippi Valiev to Chicago. Let us send you literature describing this train and trip, helping you plan your journey. A. G. HENDERSON. AGENT. Chaco Building AMERICAN EXPRESS CO. Manila, P. 1. Great Northern A Dependable Railway 1926 1927 January............. .. .. 14,026,534 11,165,358 February........... . ... 15,176,412 13,558,309 . . . . 17,699,008 14,151,294 April.................. . ... 17,154,776 14,038,283 May................... . . . . 17,584,906 10,175,602 June................... . ... 17,148,262 9,318,910 July................... 14,727,808 14,664,998 August............... 13,579,849 12,908,114 September......... . . . . 13,758,438 19,889,280 October............. . . . . 23,557,668 17,972,202 November......... . ... 17,506,448 16,378,266 December......... . . . . 24,085,472 18,969,592 206,005,581 173,190,208 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Addition SALES, CITY OF MANILA The year 1927 ends with a total of nearly a million pesos less than 1926 and close to 3-1/2 million less than 1925. 1927 sales were also less than those of 1924 by over a million pesos. The past year was bet ter from a Real Estate standpoint than 1921, 1922 and 1923, but far below the sales of 1919 or 1920. The following are the monthly figures for the years mentioned above: Sta. Cruz..................... Malate.......................... Paco.............................. Sampaloc...................... Ermita.......................... Tondo........................... Sta. Ana....................... San Nicolas................. Binondo........................ Quiapo.......................... Intramuros................... Pandacan..................... Sta. Mesa..................... San Miguel.................. November December 1927 1927 P 235,007 P 130,298 55,627 381,244 52,160 48,164 85,396 43,407 101,702 79,889 60,386 67,549 9,283 41,753 228,500 118,898 241,001 354,549 6,850 86,000 54,304 23,950 6,300 42,458 1*1,154,166 Pl,400,504 January....................................... February..................................... March......................................... April............................................ May............................................. June............................................ July............................................. August........................................ September................................... October....................................... November................................... December................................... 1919 P 2,245,966 2,047,354 1,428,242 1,556,352 1,256,183 2,136,515 1,103,369 2,357,558 1,651,737 1,483,342 1,004,831 3,588,123 1920 1* 1,796,773 1,637,883 1,142,594 1,535,135 1,004,946 1,609,212 882,695 1,886,047 1,321,489 1,186,673 803,865 2,870,499 1921 P 1,631,492 492,768 855,620 401,997 466,258 499,569 480,105 558,491 1,022,093 857,446 457,699 486,321 1922 P 1,273,713 657,012 690,826 704,789 694,211 667,869 1,029,019 692,891 1,040,814 812,464 746,545 1,071,936 1923 P 570,486 1,151,309 778,153 729,829 1,381,465 1,027,668 717,859 504,123 1,153,444 ' 550,507 863,772 848,833 Yearly Totals..................... P21,859,572 January.............................................................. February............................................................ March................................................................ April................................................................... May.................................................................... June.................................................................... July.................................................................... August................................................................ September......... ........... .................................... October.............................................................. November.......................................................... December.......................................................... P13.038.861 P15,404,742 P12.710.666 Pll.995,124 1*17,677,811 P 8,227,859 P10,082,089 P10,277,448 1924 1925 1926 1927 1* 1,879,030 P 883,818 P 1,128,773 P 1,215,531 840,673 972,578 919,150 594,903 1,137,176 1,673,455 1,373,079 1,733,105 689,218 1,196,751 1,298,722 673,760 791,276 1,284,940 749,122 749,975 600,547 868,874 738,503 1,045,121 975,450 1,635,527 1,843,930 894,398 795,260 1,295,260 585,519 649,662 1,652,377 1,164,819 1,167,921 722,047 1,543,486 2,358,825 752,130 1,311,380 1,092,858 1,292,416 1,480,889 1,154,166 773,183 897,231 672,075 1,400,504 Centrals: Central Metric Tons Sugar Produced Up to December 25, 1927 Yearly Totals. DECEMBER SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild Stocks in the U. K., U. S., Cuba and European statistical countries at the end of the month were 3,375,000 tons as compared with 3,150,000 tons at the same time in 1926 and 5,196,000 tons in 1925, or an increase over those of 1926 and 1925 of 225,000 tons and 179,000 tons respect ively. In che Atlantic Coast, stocks amounted to 170,000 tons against 188,552 tons in 1926 and 60,668 tons in 1925. Philippine Sales. Sales of Philippine cen trifugals in the Atlantic Coast, afloats, near arrivals, and for future deliveries, for the month under review aggregated 40,000 tons. These sales were effected at prices ranging from 4.55 cents to 4.75 cents landed terms, duty paid. Futures. Quotations on the New York exchange fluctuated as follows: Asturias............................................... 4,153 Bacolod..................................................... 13,257 Bearin.................................................. 5,362 Binalbagan............................................... 11,343 Calamba.............................................. 5,731 Del Carmen....................................... 13, Hawaiian-Philippine............................... 12,446 (Up to December 17th only) Isabela................................................. 6,105 La Cariota.......................................... 20,289 Ma-ao.................................................. 11,144 Mindoro.............................................. 2,780 (Up to December 19th only) San Carlos.......................................... 1,866 San Fernando..................................... 10,210 Talisay-Silay....................................... 11,895 Victorias................. 5,075 New York Market (Spot):—On the whole the American sugar market was moderately active during the month under review. During the first week of the month the American sugar market was quiet with but small trans actions effected at a price of 2-3/4 cents c. and f. (4.52 cents 1. t.). During the second week, the market developed strength and prices advanced to 2-27/32 cents (4.62 cents 1. t.). The improvement in the market continued throughout the third week with moderate transactions on the basis of 2-7/8 cents c. and f. or 4.65 cents 1. t. During the last week of the month, due to the Christmas and New Year holidays the sugar market was practically at a standstill, only small sales of Cubas for prompt shipment having been effected at 2-13/16 cents c. and f. (4.59 cents 1. t.). No official announcement has as yet been made as to the restriction of the Cuban crop; however, it is believed that it will be restricted to a total of 4,000,000 tons It is also believed that the grinding of the coming Cuban crop will not commence until after the 1st of January and that probably most of the mills will prefer to wait until January 15th. December, 1927... . January.................... March....................... May.......................... July........................... September................ December, 1928. . . . High Low Latest 2.83 2.75 2.83 2.86 2.71 2.74 2.88 2.80 2.82 2.95 2.88 2.89 3.03 2.96 2.97 3.11 3.04 3.05 3.11 3.11 3.11 Total........................................ 134,967 The weather has been favorable for planting and the planters are optimistic of the prospects of the next or 1928 -29 crop. Exports of Sugar. Sugar exports of the Philippines for the calendar year of 1927, in detail, are as follows: U. S. China dk Japan Total Centrifugals. . 506,484 506,484 Muscovados. . 45,002 45,002 Refined.......... 1,836 1,836 Total.... 508,320 45,002 553,322 Local Market:—During the month under review, the local market for centrifugals was active and a fair volume of business was trans acted at prices ranging from P10.75 to P11.00 per picul. The local market for muscovados was dull and uninteresting with very insignificant tran sactions at P6.75 per picul on the basis of No. 1. Philippine Crop Prospects. The milling of the crop continues at full speed. Approximately one third of the crop is already harvested. The following table gives the amount of sugar pro Java Market:—The Java market was steady during the first week of the month and Superiors for Dec.-Jan. delivery were quoted at Gs. 155/8 or 1*8.27 per P. I. picul, but thereafter the market became dull and quotations for Supe riors for December-January delivery declined at the close of the month to Gs. 15-3/8 or P8.14 per P. I. picul. European Prospects:—The eminent statis tician, Licht, has issued a revised estimateTof the European beet crop, increasing it by 35,000 tons over his previous estimate, or a total crop of 8,131,000 tons. This compares with the production of the previous season of 6,854,428 tons. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By T. H. Smith V ice-l'rcsidenl and General Manager, Macleod & Company This report covers the markets for Manila Hemp for the month of December, 1927, with statistics up to and in cluding December 31st, 1927. U. S. Grades: The New York marktet open ed with export houses offering moderately: F, 14-3, 8 cents; G, 9-1/8 cents; I, 12-7'8 cents; JI, 10-1, 2 cents; SI, 14-1/4 cents; S2, 12-5/8 O TRADE <^ZiBZ<CZC& ............... 1 1 / MARK O . J- O cents; but buyers held off, a lull in the market resulting with practically no business doing. Expoit houses refused to make any concessions, the market thereon quickly turned firmer with a fair demand running on higher grades. The appreciation in value was reflected in all U. S. grades and early in thv month the general market was firm on the basis of F, 14-3 ,'4 cents; I, 13 cents; JI, 10-3/4 cents. A little business was trans acted but values continued to appreciate based on export houses’ quotations to F, 14 -7, 8 cents; G, 9-3 '8 cents; I, 13-1/4 cents; JI, 11 cents; SI, 15 cents; S2, 13 cents. The apathetic atti tude of buyers eventually made itself felt and by mid December the U. S. market took on a dull tone with a downward tendency, most export houses being willing to accept prices considerably under the nominal rates ruling. Prices fell away quietly to F, 14-5, 8 cents; I, 12-3/4 cents; JI, 10-5/8 cents; SI, 14-3,8 cents; S2, 12-5/8 cents. Other grades not quoted. Values continued to sag, the low’est price registered on I being 12-1/2 cents. At the close of 1927 the market was quiet with prac tically no business doing and sellers at last prices quoted with the exception of I grade. The Manila market for U. S. grades ruled steady in early December with dealers firm and inclination on the part of export houses to en courage dealers’ attitude. The market natu rally took on a firm tone and in the first week of the month there were buyers in Manila basis F, 1’34; G, 1*20; H, 1’19; I, 1’30; JI, 1’24; 51, 1’33; S2, 1’29.2; S3, 1’24.4. The market held firm in the absence of parcels of free hemp arriving, prices appreciating to F, 1*34.4; G, 1’21; H, 1’20; I, 1’30.4; JI, 1’24.4; SI, 1’33.4; 52, P29.4; S3, 1’25 and toward mid December to a basis of F, 1’35.4; I, 1*31; JI, 1’25.2 on which basis business was transacted. These prices topped the market, a quieter tone setting in on the lack of support from New York, but dealers refused to make any concessions in spite of the depreciation in values in the consuming markets. The few free parcels coming into Manila were looked after by some of the minor export houses who sustained prices above the regular run of the market for a time, values however sagging at the close for small parcels arriving to F, 1’34; G, 1’20.4; H, 1’19.4; I, P29.4; JI, 1’24; SI, 1’33; S2, 1’28.6; S3, 1*24; there being no general buying at the prices quoted above and Manila dealers unwilling to shade same. Rope and Cordage Twines and Yarns Transmission Rope Bolt and Yacht Rope Drilling Cables U. K. Grades: The inactivity reported in London in November continued into early December, the market however responding to the desire shown by shipping houses to make progress in selling, business being transacted J2, £42; K, £39, LI, £37.10; L2 and Ml, £36.10, M2, £34; DL, £32.10 for shipment up to March, 1928. Values appreciated quickly early in the month, a firm tone setting in the U. K. market with first-hand business on J2, £43; K, £40; LI, £38.5; L2, £37.10; Ml, £37.5; M2, £34.10; DL, £34. Continued reticence on the part of shippers to operate held up business somewhat, the moderate receipts and estimates acting as a deterrent to speculative “Bear” sales and en couraging first-hand sellers to ask higher prices on some grades. The market on the lack of Johnson Pickett Rope Co. 106 Calle Lara Manila, Philippines demand at increased prices turned dull and toward mid December there were sellers in London at J2, £42.5; K, £39.10; LI, £37.10; L2, £36.10; Ml, £36.10; M2, £34; DL, £34, buyers still holding aloof and no business passing. The market continued quiet but steady about last prices to 5/- per ton less and the latter two weeks of December were .productive of but little business, closing values being, rather sellers, J2, £41.10; K, £38.10; LI, £36.10; L2, £35.10; Ml, £35.10; M2, £33. The Manila market for U. K. grades ran steady at the opening of December and the market was quickly sympathetic to the improve ment in London, prices in Manila appreciating to J2, 1’20; K, 1’18.4; LI, 1’17.6; L2, P16.6; Ml, 1’16.6; M2, 1’15.6; DL, 1’15; DM, P13. Even at this range of prices very little free hemp was available and values appreciated 2 to 4 reales according to grade. Mid December saw these values maintained, there being practically no U. K. grades coming into Manila. The minor export houses again pegged prices up to J2, P20.4; K, 1’19; LI, 1’18; L2, 1’17.2; Ml, 1’17; M2, 1’15.6, and around these prices the market closed with, however, the bulk of the export houses not interested except at lower prices. High-grade hemp continues scarce and de. sirable quality changed hands at a high premium over prices quoted for similar grades in parcels. Japan: The demand from this quarter has been cautious but productive of business. Freight Rates remain unchanged. The year 1927 must not be passed over with out comment on essential facts which the past year has brought out in relation to the fibre industry in the Philippines. To the regular reader of this report no com ment is necessary on the usual statistics we give below, but to the occasional reader we would point out the falling off in consumption of Manila hemp in the U. S. as reflected in the smaller quantities shipped in 1927 as compared to 1926. The menace of Java hemp is real and to be feared by the Manila hemp industry in future years. Competitors’ fibres have improved in quality and declined considerably in price. » The solution to the future of Manila hemp is, we hope, co-operation in the Islands between the producers and the exporters toward an improved article at a price which will compete with sub stitutes which now are filling the place which rightly belongs to one of the staple products of the Philippines, Manila Hemp. Statistics: We give below figures for the period extending from November 29th to DeTo Dec. 31, To Dec. 31, cember 31st, 1927. 1927 1926 Stocks oni Jan. 1st............ 112,382 153,181 Receipts to Dec. 31st. . . . 1,290,741 1,240,057 Stocks oni Dec. 31st......... 155,457 112,382 Shipnn e n t s Bull Rope Whale Lines Lath Yarn Bale Rope Hide Rope Hay Rope To the— United Kingdom......... Continent of Europe.. . Atlantic U. S.............. U. S. via Pacific......... Japan............................ Elsewhere and Local.. 1,247,666 1,280,856 1927 1926 He les Bales 334,584 273,857 152,048 176,293 278,359 342,636 121,923 160,265 259,858 234,381 100,894 93,424 Desirable Office Room for rent in the Amer ican Chamber of Commerce Building No. 180, David— just off the Escolta. Apply to the Secretary. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By M. D. Royer Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company The following com modities were received in Manila November 26 to December 25, 1927, both inclusive, via Ma nila Railroad: Rice, cavans.................... Sugar, piculs................... Tobacco, bales................. Copra, piculs................... Coconuts........................... Lumber, B.F................... Desiccated coconuts, cases. December 185,438 285,712 3,720 115,800 1,113,000 120,150 15,785 1927 November 218,500 77,952 6,800 143,000 2,016,000 240,300 20,664 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Munoz. Nue:a Eci.ia, Director. Rice Producers' Association. Prices have remained pegged for the last month with rice fro n 1*7.50 to 1*8.20 accord ing to class, and offerings for palay at terir.ina'j from 1*3.25 to 1’3. 0 as against 1*3.40 1’3."0 last year. Appreciation of price will undon. tedly follow as soon as threshing reports are in, denoting a inuc shorter crop than > generally realized, po, sibly approximating that of 1924-1925. The total exports of rice from the Philippine^ to Hawaii, Guam and China, from what reports are available are but 370 tons of the superior grades. When the normal daily supply of Manila alone is considered at approximately 4,600 sacks it can be seen that exports were negligible. Latest reports from Indo-China in reference to rice prices of the old crop, with a small carry-over are as follows: Per cent of broken kernels Price per 100 kilos Grade No. 1........... 25% Grade No. 2a......... 40% Grade No. 2b......... 50% Piastres 9.39 8.40 7.74 The piastre approximates the peso in value. It can be clearly seen that Saigon No. 2b (the grade supplied the'Philippines) can.be purchased, pay c.i.f. and the duty of 1*1.72 per sack of 57 kilos and still allow a profit from 8% to 10% on the transaction. In reference to supply it may be noted that 1,197,825 tons of rice were exported from Saigon in the nine months ending October 15, 1927. Crop expectations in Indo Asia are average. The decrease in the Philippine rice crop is due to climatic conditions—drought and plant disease. Men have constructed the combine, the motor separator, the modern rice mill, but they are as dependent for existence on favorable weather conditions as when they lived in caves. The weather is not amenable to legislation nor economic regulations. Intelligent discussion as to the domestic rice crop and probable prices should connote a knowledge of world prices for this cereal and not just the local rice markets, although the factor of over-supply is taken into consideration together with that of under supply. Inasmuch as 97% of all the world’s rice is produced in the Orient and north of the equator, prices obtaining in the exporting countries are the greatest factor in determining values of this cereal. However, we note that Burma, the BABCOCK & TEMPLETON, INC. NEW YORK MANILA CEBU SAN FRANCISCO Exporters of Philippine Produce HEMP, COPRA, MAGUEY, COCONUT OIL Head Office: China Bank Bldg., Manila Phones 2-29-62 and 2-29-63 Agents for United Kingdom and Europe: ROBINSON, FLEMING & COMPANY 6 Billiter Sq., London, E.C. 3 LUMBER REVIEW For October, 1927 By Arthur F. Fischer Director of Forestry Compared with the same period last year, the amount of lumber exported by the Islands during the month of October this year does not only show a slight drop but it is also considerably smaller than the amount exported in September. For instance, while the export trade for Sep tember of this year amounted to 9,836,800 noard feet valued at 1*693,893 and that of October last year 4,742,016 board feet valued ,»t about 1*412,574, the amount exported in October this year was only 4,401,120 board feet .alued at 1’362,248. T.iis apparent weakening of t,.e export trade, however, does not by any means indicate the true trend of our foreign mar Destination United States................................................................ Great Britain................................................................ China............................................................................... Australia........................................................................ Italy............................................................................... Hongkong........................................................................ Japan............................................................................. Netherlands..................................................................... Canada....................................................................... Total The amount of lumber shipped locally by the various mills in the Islands as well as the amount in stock in the mill yards during the period cover ed by this report are practically the same as the figures for the same period last year, being about 18,000,000 and 30,000,000 board feet, respect ively. The 17,000,000 board feet production for October this year, however, registered an increase of about 2,000,000 board feet over that of the same period last year. In other words, while our export dropped slightly, local pro duction, on the other hand, has increased. Forester Nazario Penas, Acting Chief of the Division of Sawmills and Utilization, who has just returned from an extensive field trip in Tayabas, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur, reports that he noticed considerable logging activities around Ragay Gulf, on the northern coast of Ambos Camarines, and on the Pacific side of Tayabas Province. This, undoubtedly, is the most striking development in the lumber industry in the islands in recent years. The island of Polillo, the Camarines provinces, and premier rice-export country, before the war exported 45% of the world’s demand. This has now fallen to 35%. The crop of Siam 19261927 was 110,510,000 cavans from 2,832,000 hectares or approximately 40 cavans per hectare. Of this, 45 millions were used for subsistence, 5 for seed and 60 millions for export. The industry will be expanded in the near future. Head States Office: 3 South Williams St. N. Y. kets. Export figures of lumber fluctuate from month to month so figures covering any one month do not reflect tae true condition during t.ie whole year. Notwithstanding this drop for October, indications are that the total export for tne year 1927 will be very considerably greater than that of last year. Tiie following table covering the export trade for October shows t.iat with the exception of China and Japan there has been a noticeable increase in the import oy our principal foreign markets. It also shows that China absorbed in October last year more than 2,000,000 feet while this year she imported fiom us about 600,000 board feet onl Needless to say, the one factor responsible or this is the civil war in the Celestial Rep. .he. As regards Tapan, the aosence of export ’>r October can be attri buted only to failure •' shipments to lea e in October, as there is a . ending contract between Mr. Imamura and certi local lumbermen w lich calls for a monthly de’ ery of about one million board feet of sawn 1u jr. 1927 October 192b October Board Feet Value Board Feet Value 2,590,216 1’19 . 685,608 63 633,456 5487,176 a . 4,664 1,809,208 114,480 2,203,104 159,000 10,176 i’1 72,497 ' ,140 6 >,184 , 52 , 37 413,824 21,624 10,600 ., 34 , > >0 , 00 ,101,120 1’3 that .egion of la Palanan, contain a timber but because of tation facilities these 4,742,016 ,'74 oetween Inf.i.i'.a and , amount of na.idmg < of adequate bans >orad remained practically closed to the markets until recently. The open ing of the railroad to Aloneros and the growing demand for Philippine lumber abroad, however, induced local lumbermen to take up licenses in these regions. These parties are now carrying on logging operations on a big scale. Mr. Y. Imamura, a Japanese lumberman and possessor of licenses at Casiguran, Baler and Northern Polillo, is putting four more new don keys in his concessions, in addition to the two that he already has at his Casiguran operation. Mr. Imamura controls six ocean-going ships and is shipping his logs to Japan regularly. Mr. Imamura plans to install a sawmill in the near future as well as to build railroads in the two areas at Northern Polillo and Casiguran. The Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Company, another licensee also 'with adequate capital behind it, has started extensive logging operaIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 33 tions at Capalonga, Camarines Norte. This firm has now two donkey engines employed in its logging operation. Their plans call for the installation of a sawmill and building of railroads soon. The Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Company has a steamer of its own and is provided at Capalonga with a derrick and three scows to facilitate the loading of logs. It is actually engaged in building a dock at its camp and in dredging the river leading to its camp. Mr. Juan Gallego of Quilbay, Camarines Sur, one of the oldest licensees and most progressive lumbermen in the Islands, has recently completed the construction of his second circular mill on the bank of the Quilbay River on Ragay Gulf. This mill is at present cutting about 10,000 board feet a day. But when all the necessary equipments are installed, this mill and the old one at Pinagdapian will easily have a combined output of 40,000 board feet a day. Mr. Gallego TJtaSS to cater to the export trade in the near future. Mr. Gallego is at present using about 300 carabaos in his logging operations, but next year will build a logging railroad. A locomo tion, cars and rails have been purchased already. <Mr. Gallego's operation is perhaps the only oneman show in the lumber industry in this country in that he has no partner and he owns all the necessary transportation facilities for bringing his lumber to the Manila market. The Filipinas Lumber Co. at Kabibihan, Tayabas, is expanding its operations and is not only now building new spur lines but is also actually constructing another main line. Like Mr. Gallego’s area, the concession of this firm is to be traversed by the proposed Manila Rail road extension to Naga, Camarines Sur. The Cadwallader-Gibson Lumber Co., holder of the Caramoan Peninsula concession, has re cently opened up two new logging camps and, in addition, is busy constructing railroads. A dock at its mill in Lamit Bay was completed recently. Mr. Francisco Boix, holder of a license area on the west coast of San Miguel Bay, is also planning to erect a sawmill in his license area some time next year. Part of the necessary equipments hhve been bought already while the rest are on their way to the Islands. A Filipino licensee has also recently installed a cable tram line on the bank of the Kabibihan River. This licensee has only one donkey engine now but another one is coming. This party intends to ship his logs direct to Japan. In addition to these parties, there are several small operators scattered on the Pacific Coast side of the two Camarines Provinces, all the way from Caramoan to Capalonga, who are actively cutting logs. All these activities make the three adjoining provinces of Tayabas, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur just now the center of attention of local lumbermen. "North Coast Limited” “One of America's Fine Trains shows you the Cascade Mountains, the Rocky Moun tains and the Mission Range by daylight. From the main line of the Northern Pacific, travelers see 28 ranges of mountains, and the train rolls along 1406 miles of rivers—pictures of “startling beauty’’ all the way. The “North Coast Limited” is a new train—new engines one-third of a block long! New Pullmans, new observation cars, wonderful new type dining cars. We Meet All boats at Victoria and Seattle A. D. Charlton, G. P. A., Portland, Ore. W. H. Jaynes, G. A., Vancouver, B. C. R. J. Tozer, A. G. P. A., Seattle, Wash. E. E. Blackwood, G. A., Victoria, B. C. Northern Pacific Railway “First of the Northern Transcontinentals” REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Stanley Williams Manager International Banking Corporation. Telegraphic transfers on New York closed on November 29th, the last business day of that month, at 1-1. 8% pre mium with buyers at 3,4% premium ready and 1/2% premium De cember-January . The selling rate remained unchanged throughout the month of December, while the ready buying rate held steady at 3.'4% premium with some business done from time to time prior to the closing days of the month at 7,8% premium equivalent to the Insular Treasurer's late. Forward rates, however, steadied during the month being called 1/2% to 5 8% premium January and 1, 2% premium February on the 3rd. On the 5th these rates firmed to 3/4% premium December-January, 5 8% premium February-March and remained unchanged with a slight variation in the March deliveries during the balance of the month. The market showed a slightly augmented activity and a fair amount of export exchange was placed. The official figures show that transfers were purchased from the Insular Treasury in the amount of 81,950,000 during the three weeks ended December 17th. Sterling cables were quoted at 2/0 5/16 sellers 2/0 7, 16 buyers at the close on November 29th. With a firming cross rate there were possible buyers at 2,0 3, 8 on December 1st and 2nd arid on the 3rd rates were called 2/0 1/4 sellers 2/0 3 8 buyers, at which level the market was unchanged throughout the balance of the month although between the 7th and 10th some banks were reported to be willing to buy at 2, 0 5 16. Three months sight credit bills were quoted at 2 1 and 3 m s D P bills at 2/1 1/16 at the close on November 29th, but these rates were lowered on December 7th to 2/0 15/16 and 2/1, respectively, remaining unchanged at that level with slight revisions downward in the former class of bills until the close on December 31st. The New York London cross rate closed at 487 13/16 on November 30th and gradually 'firmed up to 488 11/32 on December 10th. After receding to 488 1/8 on the 15th it again reacted to a high for the month of 488 3/8 on December 30th and closed steady at 488 9/32 on the 31st. London bar silver closed at 26 15/16 spot 26 5/8 forward on November 30th, dropped to 26 13/16, 26 1/2 on December 1st, 2nd and 3rd, and then reacted to a high for the month of 27 and 26 3/4 on the 6th. Dropping away with fluctuations it touched a low for the month at 26 3/8, 26 1 4 on the 21st and closed at 26 1/2 spot 26 7/16 forward on the 31st. New York bar silver closed at 58 1/8 on No vember 30th, rose to a high for December of 58 1/2 on the 6th, dropped to a low of 57 1/2 on the 27th, and closed at that late on the 31st. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted nominally at the close as follows: Paris, 1240; Madrid, 172-1/2; Singapore, 116-1/4; Japan, 95; Shanghai, 77-1/4; Hongkong 102-1/2; India, 133-3/4; Java, 122. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 34 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 1928 Commercial Printing is a silent but Powerful Messenger Your letter heads, bill heads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that "feeling of confidence”. Our reputation for producing GOOD PRINTING has been earned and merits your patronage. McCullough Printing Company 424 Rizal Ave. Phone 800 YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WASHINGTON ENGINES Tt Uy. Monthly... 13 64 63 is for 12 ?,714 237,714 ■as 607:903 1K 607^903 January, 1928 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 35 Commodities Hemp...................................................... Coconut Oil.......................................... Copra...................................................... Cigars (Number)................................. Embroidery........................................... Maguey.................................................. Leaf Tobacco....................................... Desiccated and Shredded Coconut. Hats (Number)................................... Lumber (Cubic Meter) ................... Copra Meal.......................................... Cordage................................................. Knotted Hemp.................................... Pearl Buttons (Gross)....................... Canton (low grade cordage fiber).. All Other Products............................ Total Domestic Products................. United States Products..................... foreign Countries Products............. Grand Total......................... PRINCIPAL EXPORTS November, 1927 Quantity Value % November, 1926 Quantity Value Monthly average for 12 months previous to November, 1927 Value 14,675,641 P 2,352,350 11 12,756,782 4,545,877 22 12,919,387 4.428,826 22 13,134,496 2,674,647 13 19,344,801 878,044 4 527,364 2 1,238,439 277,902 1 3,147,643 966,468 4 1,379,910 518,017 2 75,787 404,789 2 16,231 583,012 2 9,384,324 582,234 2 366,150 214,082 1 7,368 28,043 0 72,765 60,532 0 538,271 133,368 0 544,651 2 9 12,698,984 P 2,219,437 10 8 11,890,408 4,938,412 23 2 16,765,913 5,799,662 27 6 11,087,257 2,230,674 10 5 20,844,578 1,021,674 4 7 990,602 4 5 1,117,756 313,172 1 9 1,941,804 712,150 3 7 1,131,300 433,128 2 1 62,864 231,077 1 0 9,410 368,311 1 9 9,349,135 450,291 2 1 202,492 120,832 0 1 45,002 158,883 0 2 77,532 80,251 0 7 307,022 60,143 0 7 603,776 2 7 44.648,211 P 8,246,448 32 .6 12,377,578 5,062,101 20 7 21,985,282 4,109,322 16 7 17,088,038 3,275,441 12 9 17,997,345 817,681 3 8 648,850 2 6 1,522,594 353,163 1 4 1,475,708 589,082 2 1 1,239,138 467,913 1 1 59,862 233,640 0 8 12,440 430,590 1 1 7,302,865 389,069 1 6 461,285 270,147 0 8 47,393 189,749 0 4 67,508 64,904 0 3 126,117 137,189 0 9 599,956 2 19,630,495 99 51,743 0 37,968 0 6 P20,623,020 99 2 84.083 0 2 25,372 0 5 P25,734,136 99 4 108,932 0 1 41,177 0 P19.720.206 100 0 P20,732,475 100 0 P25.884.245 100 NOTE:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS November, 1927 November, 1926 Value % Value Value CARRYING TRADE 7 0 2 9 0 3 2 1 2 6 4 9 6 2 4 2 6 3 1 0 Cotton Cloths................... Other Cotton Goods.... Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... Wheat’ Flour: Machinery and Parts of.. Dairy Products................ Gasoline.............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles....................... Vegetable Fiber Goods.. Meat Products................. Illuminating Oil............... Fish and Fish Products. . Crude Oil........................... Coal..................................... Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs. Etc................................... Fertilizers........................... Vegetables.......................... Paper Goods, Except Tobacco and Manufac tures of..... ............... Electrical Machinery.. .. Books and Other Printed Matters........................... Cars and Carriages, Ex cept Autos..................... Automobile Tires.............. Fruits and Nuts.............. Woolen Goods................... Leather Goods.................. Shoes and Other FootCoffee.................................. Breadstuffs, Except Wheat Flour................. Eggs..................................... Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................. Lubricating Oil................. Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glassware.... Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ Oils not separately listed. Earthen Stones & ChinaAutomobile Accessories.. Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.... Wood, Bamboo, Reed, Rattan............................ India Rubber Goods.... Soap..................................... Matches............................. Cattle and Qarabaos.... Explosives........................... Sugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films. .. All Other Imports........... Total.................................... ' ? 3,652,092 1,313,112 285,593 586,755 316,772 236,384 141,349 196,160 152,861 185,242 220,377 367,098 158,557 155,372 154,412 120,741 58,875 153,811 111,065 63,346 18 6 7 1 3 7 0 0 8 9 7 9 2 6 1 8 0 5 2 1 5 6 2 0 0 8 5 2 1 0 8 8 0 8 8 0 0 7 3 0 0 7 0 0 8 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 6 P19.683.957 100 5 2 5 375,251 446,934 301,938 127,459 431,580 173,159 85,358 136,510 59,253 134,217 149,962 149,670 164,225 128,867 110,867 13 6 5 6 8 3 3 2 6 3 2 2 2 0 0 9 9 9 2 2 7 1 8 0 2 0 7 8 8 0 0 0 8 9 2 0 2 9 0 5 7 0 0 3 7 0 0 8 8 0 9 7 0. 6 0 0 0 6 5 7 0 0 0 0 2 2 9 0 P20,176,557 100 % .6 12 5 1 3 3 2 3 9 1 9 9 9 3 2 3 IMPORTS Nationality of Vessels American... British........ Japanese... Dutch........ German.. .. Norwegian. Philippine.. Spanish.... iwrfish.... 260,857 275,797 318,088 365,449 873,845 219,041 172,472 164,900 175,851 175,015 118,046 17,572 103,459 139,551 155,189 133,244 70,883 9 6 9 1.1 6 0 0 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 6 1 0 0 6 7 0 0 8 7 0 40 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 8 9 8 0 0 0 9 3 4 3 2 8 0 P19,599,040 100 0 PORT STATISTICS TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Monthly average for November, 1927 November, 1926 12 months previous Ports _____________________________________ to November, 1927 Value % Value % Value % Monthly average for November, 1927 November, 1926 12 months ending November, 1927 Value 7,664 % Value% Value% 51.9 27.9 5.0 7.6 1.5 0^6 50,636 3 1 3 ? 4 8 7 6 0 8 0.2 53 27 S 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 7 9 8 8 7 2 1 By Freight......................... P19.195.162 97.4 P19,509,641 96.4 P18,586,923 97.3 By Mail.............................. 488,795 2.6______ 66,916 3.6 522,117 2.7 Total................... P19.683.957 100.0 P20,176,557 100.0 P19,599,040 100.0 EXPORTS Monthly average for November, 1927 November, 1926 12 months ending Nationality of November, 1927 Value % Value % Value % American... Japanese... German.. .. Norwegian. . Spanish.... Dutch......... Philippine. . Argentine.. Belgian........ Panaman... By Freight.. By Mail.... Total. 48.9 29.3 6.6 5^6 2.4 3.5 0.4 42. "9 31.9 9.9 4.9 2.9 1.7 0.6 7 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries Monthly average for November, 1927 November, 1926 12 months previous .to November, 1927 Value Value Value United States............ United Kingdom.... Japan.......................... French East Indies. Germany..................... Australia..................... British East Indies.. Dutch East Indies.. Netherlands............... Italy............................ Hongkong................... Belgium...................... Switzerland................ Japanese-China........ Siam............................ Sweden....................... Norway....................... Denmark......................, Other Countries......... Total........................... 63 7 8 3 0 1 7 2 0 0 0 9 7 6 8 8 3 2 3 2 0 0 62 5 7 9 9 6 2 1 5 7 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 1 6 4 1 2 1 0.2 69 5 6 3 0 2 2 1 6 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 7 8 2 4 2 1 0.4 36 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY B. A. GREEN REAL ESTATE Improved and Unimproved City, Suburban and Provincial Properties Myers Buck Co., Inc Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND Expert valuation, appraisement and reports on real estate Telephone 507 34 Escolta Cable Address: “BAG” Manila Manila, P. I. Philippine Islands PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description PUBLIC LAND 230 Kneedler Bldg. Tel. 1610 MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery “LA URBANA’’ (Sociedad Mutua de Construcci6n y Pristamos) Prestamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. :i Rosenberg’s Garage TELEPHONE 5-69-55 P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao Phone 2-22-33 “El Hogar Filipino” Building WARNER, BARNES & CO., LTD. Insurance Agents Transacting All Classes of Insurance SANITARY - CONVENIENT - SATISFACTORY! Five European Barbers Special attention given the ladies Shampoos, facial massage and hair cuts under skilled management LA MARINA BARBER SHOP 117 Plaza Goiti Jose Cortina, Prop. MADRIGAL 8s CO 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Derham Building Phone 22516 P. O. Box 2103 MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers Mr. MANUEL VALENTIN TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence 8c Co. 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. Phone 2-61-30 Coal Contracto r s a nd Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU Quality ffi Shirts k TOYO 5t1IRT FACTORY 104-4 AZCAnRAGA, MANILA. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL CORONAS ORIENTE L\ EL ORIENTE FABRICA DE TABACOS, INC. 72 Calle Evangelista MANILA MANUFACTURERS OF Coronas Oriente Jean Valjean Fighting Bob HIGH GRADE CIGARS FRANK HAVGHWOUT Biological Laboratory 915 M. H. del Pilar Manila, P. I. Stool. 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