The American Chamber of Commerce Journal Volume 9 (No. 12) December 1929

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal Volume 9 (No. 12) December 1929
Issue Date: Volume 9 (No. 12) December 1929
Year: 1929
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extracted text: DECEMBER, 1929 Reverie in a Governor’s Study. The Fairies of Mount Banahaw: by Alfred Worm.—Britain at The Hague: The Right Honorable Philip Snowden Talking.—Tropical Landscape Garden ing: by P. J. Wester, who is rebeautifying the grounds of Malacanang.—Editorials—A Christ mas Message to the United States - A Christmas Message to the Philippines The Rice Industry and the Warehouse Law: by Percy A. Hill. - The Ikugan, or The Men with Tails: by Ivon Gruner Cook. Little Biographies of Men of the Crowd. — The Barber Who Buys a Farm, being a friendly rebuttal of Speaker Roxas.—In surance Trusts, data from the Philippine Trust Company. — When Japan Shut Herself from the World, Sir Rutherford Alcock’s Account.— Another Bit of Gibbon. — Usual Reviews by Experts on Our Commerce and Industry. For Students of English: Sixth Installment of Farquson Johnson on the Language and How to Use It. TRULY A MAGAZINE----PREEMINENT IN THE PHILIPPINES ! Tobacco Gifts That Carry The Real Spirit Of jUlerrp dCfjristmas A Style and Flavor to suit every taste, each one a perfect TABACALERA Product When a nail punctures the Air Container it is tightly gripped by the compression member. When the nail is withdrawn compression instantly closes the opening. The tread surface of the tire, down to this point on either side, is reinforced by a pliable bridge of compressed rubber similar to an arched bow of sprung steel. During inflation the stretch in an Air Container is confined to that part supporting the lower side walls of the tire and extending down around the beads and flap. Another Success by the Producers of SILVERTOWN TIRES Strong compression is created by building the compression member upon the OUTSIDE of the tube, and then turning the tuf£ IN SIDE OUT before splicing. Side wall blows delivered at either edge of the compression member are resisted, just as the sprung bow resists further bending; and side wall breakdown is retarded. All inflation stretch in the Air Container is at an approximate right angle to the compression member, keeping it “live” with every flex of the tire while in service. THE GOODRICH INTERNATIONAL RUBBER COMPANY, INC. DERHAM BUILDING, PORT AREA, PHONES 5-69-42 AND 5-69-43 MANILA, P. I. L. A. COOPER, Branch Manager P- O. BOX 1482 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 THE SENIOR SIX by Dodge Brothers Spectacular .... in all those things that measure Fine Performance No matter how expensive a car you are accustomed to driving, the Dodge Senior Six will prove a rare revelation in easy effortless travel. Nothing you have ever experienced in riding luxury can equal the performance of this car on the road. Nothing the fine car field has ever offered can match its smooth, swift, aggressive power. SOLE AGENTS: ESTRELLA AUTO PALACE LEVY HERMANOS, INC. ILOILO 535-568 GANDARA CEBU MANILA IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 TO ALL PATRONS of the Manila Electric Company we extend hearty and sincere Christmas Greetings. T hat the New Year will continue to express in increas ing measure the good - will which has been evidenced between Patrons and the Company in the past is our most sincere desire and wish. Manila Electric Co. 134 San Marcelino Telephone 2-19-11 YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA EXCELENTES — AND ESPECIALES NOW INDIVIDUALLY WRAPPED IN HYGIENIC CELLOPHANE POUCHES WASHINGTON ENGINES ALHAMBRA CREATES, OTHERS WILL IMITATE IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 Reverie in a Governor’s Study Stuffy in here, but at least a fellow can loosen his collar.— The same old routine, dinner over and another half-night’s work ahead. Whew, what a mess of work! The clerk is so nonchalant about it, piles it a yard high, as though he were dusting off or readying up, as though it were something to put on his time card—then hurries off to his university lectures, his stunt done for the day !—Is it passing the buck? Anyway, there’s a lot of buck-passing in this stack of bills.—Oh, well. . . It’s buck the line, a fellow must suppose—play the game. Does that calendar lie? No? November’s gone, then. November! If a fellow were home there’d be something to do, some thing besides unvarying routine. Fall’s well advanced; gone, The American Chamber of Gommerce OF THE Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS P. A. Meyer, President H. M. Cavender, Vice-President John W. Haussermann, Vice-President John L. Headington, Treasurer H. L. Heath W. L. Applegate J. C. Rockwell Kenneth B. Day ALTERNATE DIRECTORS J. L. Headington A. B. Cresap Wm. H. Rennolds EXECUTIVE P. A. Meyer, CAairman H. M. Cavender H. L. Heath COMMITTEES FINANCE W.H. Rennolds, Chairma E. M. Gross O. M. Schuman John R. Wilson, Secretary E. E. Selph, General Counsel RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT RELIEF W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING P. A. Meyer, Chairman Alf. Welhaven E. A. Seidenspinner LEGISLATIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll J. R. Wilson FOREIGN TRADE H. B. Pond, Chairman L. L. Spellman M. M. Saleeby PUBLICATIONS P. A. Meyer, Chairman Roy C. Bennett BANKING AND CURRENCY Stanley Williams, Chair man W. J. Shaw J. L. Headington, ChairF. W. Butler J. R. Wilson HOUSE --------------------, Chairman J. R. Wilson LIBRARY John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING H. M. Cavender, Chairman G. P. Bradford L. E. Nantz INVESTMENTS P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender in fact. Maybe there was snow on Thanksgiving. Even here in the subtropics there is a grateful change—nights are cool. But home! Crisp mornings, bracing days, real winter on the night and a sharp ring in the air. Snow, brushed off the streets by day, is back again the next morning—with motors crunching through it, trams shrieking on the rails, sounds rollicking out to great distances. Windows, curtained in frost, are pretty of an evening, red beacons casting fanlike glows upon the outside bleakness, garden and sidewalk vistas, etchings in black and white. Winter’s on the land, battling with the cities, conquering the countrysides. The folks are joyous, friendly; they’ve holed-in, as it were, like squirrels in their hollow-tree pantries, awaiting spring. Only the people aren’t hibernating. They’re out against the storm. Great! It’s stuffy in here. Guess a fellow might as well turn on the fan. Must be careful, though, not to catch cold. Varsity days these, at home. Looking upon the young folks at play gives the old a perennial delusion of youth; their sallowing cheeks burn red with the cold, they step quick to the tunes the radio and the talkies bring into their parlors. Winter in America—winter at home! Varsity days—football. One’s own college, Harvard, off to New Haven to best Old Eli—the fellows getting roudy, maybe, as they did last year, and yanking up Yale’s goalposts. Then the big dinner, old times recalled by the friends with whom one sits. It’s winter in Washington, too; it’s the season there. Drifts in the Potomac woods, ice on the river, the chances are—at least by Christmas. Social luxury and brilliance all about one ... the architectural beauty, the grand manner, the life of one’s own country’s capital, taking on the fame of a fine city. Not Paris. . . well, she doesn’t have to be—just let her be what she is, Washington, distinctive and distinguish ed in her own right. Gee, four years there! Baltimore near by, and Philadelphia—often a chance, too, to get to New York for a round of the shows. Even the routine of Washington not at all bad—grand soirees, colorful receptions, genteel dowagers, some of ’em really expert with their affairs; younger mesdames, the season’s debutantes, and men who have to be honored to keep up, and other men whom honoring can’t keep down. Anyway, lions among them, and as a whole a Ford Prices Reduced! Effective November 11, 1929 Ford again passes on to you the saving in manufacturing cost made possibly by high efficiency and tremendous production. Look over the new list—decide to buy a New Ford now! Easy Terms May Be Arranged “After We Sell, We Serve” MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY COMPANY Manila — Iloilo — Cebu ■— Bacolod Phaeton............ Pl,550.00 Tudor Sedan.. . 1,875.00 Sport Coupe. . . 1,920.00 Fordor Sedan.... Roadster.......... Pl,540.00 Business Coupe 1,800.00 Standard Coupe 1.865.00 ............ P2.090.00 l'/2-Ton Truck Chassis with front bumper and extra wheel................................. Pl,575.00 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 moving, fascinating scene always, this Washington. No dull hours; on the contrary, many vitally interesting things to do and frequent nation-wide notices of a fellow’s work—the fourth estate manned by the best men in it. Winter days—varsity days. Political days. . . Washington in winter. A nice billet, accessible to places. With the boy in Harvard, a fellow could be up there now and then. It’s nice to visit boys in college; they lay it on naively thick, advertise the fact they’re proud of you. Yes, America is wintered-in now; it has buttoned up its overcoat and gone to shiver in the stadiums and cheer the lads at their jousting; and it is having evenings at the shows, and open ing its comfortable homes to friends. Friends. . . once it had less of an acade mic significance, this word friends. Well, a chap can have friends: a few do no harm. Oh, hum! what a mess of work! Bills, bills, bills—new embryonic laws, nearly two hundred of the pesky things! The crop of ’em this year is unusually heavy, they say, but maybe it’s just soso in quality. A fellow has to see; and it’s all dumped on him late, very late, when he has only a few days in which to dispose of it, and while he’s still new and it’s a lot of Greek to him in lots of cases. Almost, they seem to have said, “Let him work late, every night. Let him drudge like a stodge. We’re through!” Well, he does it—drudges like a stodge every night. So he does tonight. So he is doing right now, trying to find head and tail to nine score new laws, mostly the prodigious output of a style com mittee after the session was over. A new game, a ticklish new game; a fellow must dig in and learn the rules of playing it. And it’s winter, varsity days at home. . . the boy’s in school, up at Harvard. And Washington, one of the world’s best shows. Raucous some times, gentle sometimes, but ever fas cinating. Prairie senators, industrial senators, the whick-whack of parlous debate. . . . and little parlors, and big salons, with large interest in parleurs and public affairs. Friends. . . What? Midnight? Well, it’s time to knock off, laws or no laws. . . . Why, out here on the verandah it’s even starlight! This verandah is all right, big, quiet and cool, here by the river—if a fellow had time to enjoy it. Ugh! those bills! The moral of that episode—Don’t turn back for cigarettes on a work-piled desk! The bills are waiting, and they’ll be waiting tomorrow night, too. Any way, it’s downright lovely out here—-the moonlight, the nearing stars, the river. A stately river, this old Pasig. If there were friends. . .if— Boats go nuzzling by, there’s a bit of traffic all night. A fellow might think, if he were tired, that the boats were bringing ghosts to this echoing old barn, and taking them away again— sated with the wine of weariness; sated at one’s very veins. He might imagine them annoying him with welcomes, interrupting him with their departures. Bienvenidas, despedidas! If a fellow dwelt on these things very much, he’d be overwrought. It’s just a ghostly lonesome hour, that’s all. Let ’em come, let ’em go. It’s time to knock off and get some sleep. Down the river there, through the shadows, on the island midstream,- is the Hospicio de San Jose. They used to use it for political purposes, sometimes; they kept a governor general there five years, once—in oldtime Spanish days. Well, at least they called him a prisoner: he knew his status. The leg-irons of the office are upon one, and the search light of international scrutiny. It is news if one’s lamp burns late—news if it is turned out early. News hounds one—“the little lions of the press,” Taft said—ready to bare its teeth. “Why did you do that?” “When will you do this?” “Or will you do it at all?” “Ifnot.why1” Constant searching about, ceaseless importunities; little news, pue rile news, but pricking, persistent, vig ilant news—dogging news! But it’s quiet now, maybe a fellow can get some sleep. There’ll be no news till morning. Waning November. . . winter time at home, varsity days—the old folks watch ing the young grow up, and learn the rules of the game. Maybe there was snow on Thanksgiving, maybe Washing ton will have a white Christmas! A fellow ’ll just have to cable the boy, and grab something in the stores and get it off in the mail to him, probably late. Well, it’s all he can do. Those bills! embryonic new laws by scores! Days given to babbling conferences, evenings just so long. Oh, well—it’s all in a life-time: a fellow has to play the game. He’ll get through somehow, get through or break. . . Anyway, he’d like to see the boy.—W. R. Written on Thanksgiving, ’29, in appreciation of the splendid spirit of self-effacement in which His Excellency, Governor General Dwight F. Davis, is conducting his administration, and at a time when he had about two weeks, in cluding his Thanksgiving holidays, in which to study and dispose of the nine score measures passed by the legislature, some of which had not reached him yet and most of which had reached him after half his time, thirty days from the close of the session, for considering them had elapsed. Though Governor Davis never suggests in manner nor word any thing other than official alertness and eagerness over his exalted duties and unceasing obligations, still even public men have their personal side and are in fee to natural human emotions. The Journal is sure that everyone in these islands hopes Governor Davis’s first Christmas here will be a very happy one— compensatory to him as a man, our neighbor on calle Aviles. Importers <x\Wp'ne ^mencan * BOTICA BO1E ° MANILA Wholesale Agents Heavy Chemicals—Fertilizer—Manufacturers We have been selling drugs for 98 years IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 5 The Fairies of Mount Banahaw By Alfred Worm Tucked away in the virgin jungle high up on a slope of extinct old Mount Banahaw is the cottage of Juan de la Cruz, the rattan-cutter. For miles around there are no other habitations. Juan’s son, Alejandro, aged three, and his daugh ter, Silva, aged five, have never visited even the nearest village. Also, they have seldom seen a strange face, as visitors come to their cottage on the mountain only rarely and by sheer accident. Juan has been a widower since Alejandro came; the death of his good wife in childbirth took the joy out of his life, except ttoat he now lives for his children and finds contentment in their hap piness. Daily, in the morning and at evening, Juan takes the children to the four big pili-nut trees in the center of the little mountainside clearing, where is their mother’s lonesome grave. But is this grave really lonesome? is it more lonesome than those of city folk, visited only on All Saints Day or Decoration Day, when eti quette demands of the living that they don appropriate garb and visit the cities of the dead? These occasions are sometimes ostentatious, and some of the mourners wear their costliest jewels. In contrast, never once has Juan failed to bring home daily, from his rattan-cutting excur sions through the forest, some beautiful wild flow’er or rare orchid, and to plant them round his wife’s grave; so that now the spot is a collection of rare flowers and plants, some of them still unknown to science, which would delight the botanist and cause him to proffer Juan a fortune for them. Oh, no. The grave of Maria de la Cruz is not a lonesome one, but a shrine of nat ural beauty. It is but natural that such a place should attract the creatures of the jungle. So it has. They find shelter and protection there, the chil dren treating them, according to Juan’s teaching, as the Lord’s creatures. Juan himself has never killed an animal in his life, save baboy, the wild boar; the children have learned his gentleness with living things and the animals that, haunt the bower beneath the spreading pili-nuts have become quite fearless. They amuse the chil dren, whose playmates they are. When the sun nears the western horizon and the evening shadows grow long in the clearing, Juan tells the children stories of the birds and animals that come to nibble bits’of food from tlysir hands. Anloague, the w'oodpecker, acrobat of the forest, who can go upside down over a tree’s bark as well as any other way, is often among the birds. “Why does he have a red spot on his black head?” Silva once asked. “Because long ago,” said her father, “Bana haw, the blacksmith who keeps his forge burn ing hot far down in the depths of our mountain, wished to send a very important letter to his cousin Sinukuan, the spirit of Mount Arayat, in the valley of the Pampanga. When he had finished the letter, he wished to seal it securely and called upon Anloague, then a plain black bird, to fetch him some resin with winch to make a taper to melt the wax. Anloague Wrought the resin, but while he held the taper to melt the wax. some of the wax dropped on the back of his head and he was never able to get it off.” IS THERE A SANTA CLAUS? Once a little girl wrote this letter to the editor of the Neu> York Sun: “Dear Editor: “I am 8 years old. Some of my friends say that there is no Santa Claus. Papa says, ‘If you see it in the Sun, it’s so.’ Please tell me the truth. Is there a Santa Claus? “Virginia C. Hanlon.” And the editor of the New York Sun made this reply to Virginia and to all true believers everywhere: “Virginia: “Your little friends are wrong. They have been affected by the skepticism of a skeptical age. They will, not believe except they see. “Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love and generos ity and devotion exist, and you know that they abound and give to your life its highest beauty and joy. Alas! how dreary would be the world if there were no Santa Claus. It would be as dreary as if there were no Virginias. There would be no childlike faith then, no poetry, no romance to make tolerable this existence. We should have no enjoyment except in sense and sight. The eternal light with which childhood fills the world would be ex tinguished. “You might get your papa to hire men to watch all the chimneys on Christmas Eve to catch Santa Claus, but even if they did not see Santa Claus coming down, what would that prove? Nobody sees Santa Claus. The most real things in the world are those that neither children nor men ever see. Nobody can conceive or imagine all the wonders that are unseen and unseeable in the world. You may tear apart the baby's rattle and see what makes the noise inside, but there is a veil covering the unseen world which not the strongest that ever lived could ever tear apart. Only faith, fancy, poetry, love and romance can put aside that curtain and view the picture—the supernal beauty and glory beyond. Is it all real? Ah, Virginia, in all this world there is nothing so real and abiding. “No Santa Claus! Thank God, he lives, and he lives forever. A thousand years from now, Virginia — nay, ten times 10,000 years from now—he will continue to make glad the heart of childhood.” The sun had set. Darkness enveloped the clearing and Juan and the children went into the cottage and bad their supper—boiled tubers, wild berries and honey, and delicious wild herbs and vegetables. All their meals are very frugal, they never have any meat unless a baboy falls victim to Juan's traps. Juan traps him because he is the outlaw of the jungle and destroys the nests of ground-breeding birds and eats or roots up, with his snout and saber tusks, everything wild or planted. Once each month Juan carries his rattan to the town far below, in the foothills of the moun tain. The way being long and Juan’s load always very heavy, the trip requires two days and the children are compelled to spend a night in the cottage all alone. As they have never known anything else, they are used to doing this and are not in the least afraid. Juan always makes one special trip to town just before Christ mas. Once he went down the mountain trail just the day before Christmas, telling the children he should surely bring Santa Claus back with him that very night, Christmas eve, with a pack of toys and dainty sweetmeats. He had toiled unusually hard during the month, and his bur den of rattan was heavier than usual; he wanted enough money for all that he had promised. He mused along the trail over what, he should buy. For one thing, he would buy the big vase he had seen in the store of the Chinese trader; this he would bring back and place at the head of Maria's grave, where he could fill it with fresh bouquets every day. There would, from such an extra quantity of .rattan, be plenty of money left for the toys and candies. He bent under his load, but kept plodding happily on.' The vegetation changed as he descended, and the footing on the trail changed from dry rocky formation over which he could make good time, to slippery mud through which he tramped only slowly and difficultly. It was hours later than usual when he reached the town, and before he had sold his rattan and made his purchases a storm came up and delayed his departure for home; he had to remain in town much longer than he had planned. But the children were all right at home. Toward sunset they made the pilgrimage to the grave alone, but of course unafraid. “Father will be home soon,” said Silva, "with Santa Claus.” Her large lustrous eyes spoke the joy she had in the thought. “Well, it has been raining very hard and I hope Santa Claus has an umbrella so he can keep the candy dry,” said Alejandro, being just a little disturbed over the weather. It grew dark in the bower, and a strange spell came over the children. Yet they thought nothing strange of it, since it was nearly bedtime and natural for them to feel drowsy. - Cradled in a fork of one of the pili-nut trees, they fell asleep. Around them the gentle beasts of the forest were asleep too, and the birds among the foliage; but tinier life was awake and foraging. It was Christmas eve at last! and two little children slept in the bosom of the forest, by the (Please turn to page 12) UNDERWOOD REVOLVING DUPLICATOR Underwood machines are pre ferred because they embody every worth-while feature UNDERWOOD STANDARD TYPEWRITER UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT - FISHER SALES AGENCY 19 ESCOLTA, MANILA TELEPHONE 2-31-71 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER ^ummaRCETJOURNAL December, iy'29 Britain at The Hague By the RIGHT HONORABLE PHILIP SNOWDEN From the Times, London, Independent Conservative Daily Even in the extended time for a wireless talk which has been kindly offered to me it will be impossible to do more than give a scanty outline of the momentous happenings which have taken place at the Hague Conference during the last four weeks. Perhaps 1 had better begin with a brief statement of the events which led to the calling of the Conference. Ever since the end of the War the questions of reparations and kindred debts have caused considerable trouble. A great many international conferences have been held on these matters, but hitherto no final conclusion has been reached. The Peace Con ference met at Paris after the War in an atmo sphere still chaigcd with War passions. Fan tastic ideas were then entertained as to the possibility of compelling the defeated nations to pay the whole cost of the War. These ideas were soon found to be impossible, and successive conferences made efforts to reduce reparations to the limit which might be found to be within Germany's capacity to pay. Each of the suc cessive plans was soon found to be impracticable. Three years after the end of the War some wiser heads began to realize that the whole idea of receiving reparations and discharging intcrAllied debts was financially and economically impossible without inflicting injury on debtor and creditor alike. The British Government made the proposal that there should be an all round cancellation of debts, but this proposal did not meet with approval from the other powers concerned. Practical experience has proved the soundness of the belief that the receipt of reparations and the payment of debts have disastrous consequences on the financial and economic systems of debtors and creditors alike. Reparations were finally paid only in goods, and the payment of reparations to Britain by Germany immediately after the War in the form of ships inflicted a most serious injury on the British shipbuilding industry, from which it has not yet recovered. Payment by Germany of reparations in kind likewise did grave injury to the British home and export trades, partic ularly our coal exports. Five years ago a strong effort was made to place the reparations question on a more satis factory basis. A Committee of Experts was appointed to devise a scale of payments by Ger many which might be found within her capacity, and which might be expected to inflict the mini mum of disadvantages on the recipients of the reparations. The report of this Committee, which is known as the Dawes Committee, was considered at an international conference held in London when the Labor Government was previously in office. The plan was finally put into operation. It involved serious interference by the creditor powers with the economic and commercial affairs of Germany. And even those who fixed the scale of annuities to be paid had grave doubts whether it would be possible to transfer the payments to the creditors without seriously upsetting the international exchanges. Five years of experience of the Dawes Scheme have shown the need for a drastic revision of its provisions. At the Assembly of the League of Nations last September the Germans raised the question of the evacuation of the Rhineland, and the French Government insisted that this matter could not be considered apart from the final settlement of the question of reparations. It was then decided that another expert committee should be set up charged with the duty of pre paring a plan for the final settlement of German reparations and the liquidation of all financial matters left from the War. This Committee of Experts had been four months in Paris dis cussing this difficult matter and finally presented a report, which has become known as the Young Plan. The Hague Conference was called for the consideration of this report. It is important to bear in mind that, so far at least as the British Is peace more difficult than war? Four years of tussle kept Germany from win ning the war, and ten years of interna tional diplomacy have not made it sure that she will not win the peace.—The Dawes plan of reparations is scrapped for the Young plan, to run 59 years, a period too long to be a good gamble, and in the preliminaries of ratifying the Young plan England is placed in the position from which Sir Philip Snowden has to extricate her in the way he tells about here—and tells very vividly. All the nations involv ed are nominally devoted to the doctrine of peace on earth, good will to men, save Japan; and Japan’s envoy is a mediator! While this goes on, they are voting in Germany on a project to renounce all reparations and have done. The reader will see that this would have been Eng land’s will, and, very interestingly, for enlightened selfish reasons. Government was concerned, there was no obli gation to accept the recommendations of this Committee, but the other principal creditor powers—France, Belgium, and Italy—gave their unqualified adhesion to the report, because each gained very considerably at the expense of Great Britain. I will now try to make as plain as possible the objections of the British Government to the proposals of the experts’ report. It is a very difficult and complicated matter, but 1 will try my best to make it clear. The experts’ report fixed the amount of pay ments to be made by Germany at an average of £100,000,000 a year for the next 59 years. This was a very considerable reduction from the annuities under the Dawes Plan. I made it clear in my first speech at the Conference that the British Government not only accepted, but welcomed, the proposed reduction in the amount of the scale of the reparations and annuities which Germany under that plan would be called upon to pay. We welcomed also the proposal to abolish the system of control of German internal finance by the creditor powers. But the experts had gone beyond their terms of reference and made proposals which altered the agreed percentages in the distribution of the annuities between the creditor powers. Though the British Government would welcome a proposal, if it were accepted by all, to wipe the slate clean of reparations and debts, we took up the position that, so long as reparations are paid, they must be fairly distributed between the different creditor powers. This question of distribution was hotly debated by the creditor countries for two years after the War. At the conference at Spa in 1920 a scale of distribution was agreed upon, and at all subsequent revisions of the amount of German reparations this scale of distribution has been maintained until the Young Committee proposed the altered per centages, to the grave disadvantage of Great Britain. The distribution proposed by the Young Committee would have reduced Great Britain’s shares by £2,400,000 a year for 37 years. Great Britain’s loss was to be distrib uted between France, Italy, and Belgium, the major part of the advantage going to Italy. There was another feature of the Young Report to which the British Government took strong exception. It was proposed to divide the German annuities into two classes, called conditional and unconditional annuities. About one-third of the total annuities was to be placed in the category of unconditional, and was to take priority of payment over the other twothirds. Five-sixths of this priority was allocated to France; Italy was to take two millions or so; and the remainder, amounting to less than two millions altogether, was to be distributed between the other creditor powers. These were the two principal matters to which the British Govern ment took strong exception. The purpose of dividing the annuities into two categories, giving absolute security for the receipt of the unconditional part, was to enable the countries receiving these payments to mobilize or find them into a capital debt against Germany. France would be able to capitalize each portion of her annual claims upon Germany by transforming them into an international loan. At the opening of the Conference I stated the British objections to these two proposals, and gave reasons why we could not agree to the adoption of the report unless the percentages of the annuities which it was proposed to alter to the disadvantage of Great Britain were restored. The objections of the British delegation appeared to come as a surprise to the Confer ence. It certainly came as a surprise to me that the other delegates to the Conference should have been so ill-informed as to what the attitude of the British Government was likely to be. Indeed, it came out in the later stages of my innumerable interviews with the heads of the other principal delegations that they had never fully realized what Great Britain was expected to sacrifice. The great sacrifices which Great Britain has made in the various debt settlements “Look For The Blue Tin" SOCONY LONG LIFE OILS Make Any Motor Car Give Better Service IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL ul ■HimLivi Ln/ijuoan ur ^uivnnan^ja juurzifm/ 7 Britain at The Hague By the Right Honorable Philip Snowden From the Times, London, Independent Conservative Daily with Continental debtors had never been ade quately appreciated. I told the Conference, when the foreign delegates talked of the sacrifices they were making, of the burdens which the British taxpayers were bearing for their benefit. As a matter of fact, there is not a single one of the countries that were engaged in the War that has made anything at all approaching the financial sacrifices which Great Britain has made. We have a War debt now of £7,500,000,000, which is more than double the War debt of any other nation which was engaged in the War. The taxation of our people is about double, per head of the population, that of any other country. We have to provide, I told them, 125,000,000 francs every day of the year for the service of our War debt. I had to remind them also of the generous and magnanimous character of our debt settle ments with our late Allies. We had settled a debt owed to us by France of £600,000,000 for £227,000,000. In the case of Italy we settled a debt of £500,000,000 for a present value of £78,000,000, and, if the proposals made in the Young Report were carried into effect, we should have to sacrifice to Italy another £30,000,000. In addition to all these sacrifices, which placed a permanent burden of £60,000,000 a year on the British taxpayer, we were now asked by the terms of this Report to sacrifice a further £2,400,000 a year. “The limit of concession has been reached,” I said. “I am as anxious as any member of this Commission to come to an agree ment which would be mutually satisfactory, there can be no settlement unless it is a settle ment based on justice. It is not merely a ques tion of some £2,000,000 a year. It is more than that. It is a claim for the maintenance of inter national agreements for fair dealing between nation and nation. We have been asked to look at this question from the wider view of the pacification of Europe. We do that. Great Britain has made unparalleled sacrifices for that purpose, but the time has come to say that other nations must make their contribution to this desirable object, and we cannot any longer agree that every step forward in European re construction should be made at the expense of the British taxpayer.” This frank assertion that Great Britain was determined to assert her just rights fell like a bombshell on the Conference, and at the con clusion of my speech it was moved that we should BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS THE OLDEST BANK IN THE PHILIPPINES (Established 1851) Authorized Capital - - - - P10,000,000.00 Paid-up Capital - - - - - 6,750,000.00 GENERAL BANKING OPERATIONS Telegraphic Transfers, Commercial and Traveleis’ Letters of Credit, Travelers’ Checks, Drafts, Collections, and every description of exchange and banking business. All kinds of administration, fiduciary and trustee business. Safe Deposit Boxes for Rent Interest is Also Allowed on Current Accounts, Time Deposits and Savings Accounts Correspondents: Branches: Thruout the World Iloilo, Cebu and Zamboanga Head Office:. No. 10 Plaza Cervantes, Manila P. O. Box 777 Cable Address: “BANCO” adjourn for two days to enable the delegates to recover from the shock. After two days it was realized that no agreement was likely to be reached by formal debates. We refused to agree to the setting up of formal committees until we had received satisfaction on our three main points. It was agreed to set up a formal committee of Treasury experts. For three days during the next week-end these experts met, but made little progress. At no stage did the representatives of the other creditor powers make any offer. After a week of this futility I addressed a let ter On the first Sunday of October, Gustav Stresemann, Germany’s foreign minister, was accorded the honors of death; at 51, his incessant efforts during seven years to rehabilitate his country and its industries and establish practical permanent rela tions with her wartime enemies and her oldtime provinces and neighbors, had killed him. Hindenburg, at 82, marched in the funeral procession; and Clemenceau, France’s outstanding hero of the war, was still alive to read the mourning reports in the quietude of his retreat at Vendee. Men give their lives for their countries in peace as well as in war; and they have their victories, as Stresemann did—for out of the ashes and ruin of remorseless cam paigns he made another and a better Ger many rise Phoenix-like, and proved the experiment in republicanism to be sound. He joins the shade of Bismarck, Disraeli and Alexander Hamilton—the stalwarts of the Meiji movement in Japan, too—the builders of nations from the vestiges of war. to M. Jaspar requesting that a definite decision on the points I had submitted to the Conference should be reached at an early date, and that the matter should be placed in the hands of the other creditor powers, and I promised that, if they so desired, I would’submit my proposals to them. I said, “The time has come for a definite decision; 1 expect this within the next two days.” The representatives of the other creditor powers went into conference, and two days later we received from them a letter setting forth their offer. In the meantime, many conversations had taken place between myself and M. Jaspar, at which tentative proposals were made. When we received the offer of the creditor powers it was found to be so meagre as to be wholly un acceptable. This I communicated to M. Jaspar, and from that time onward the meetings became hectic. The meetings of the Conference were still suspended, but informal meetings of hourly occurrence were held. Mr. Adatci, the principal Japanese delegate, was very active in tlie offers of conciliation. He arranged a tea-table interview in his room be tween M. Briand and M. Loucheur, the principal French delegates, and myself, at which w'e had a very friendly talk over the situation. Imme diately after this conversation M. Loucheur called on a member of the British delegation to say that M. Briand had been gratified at the friendl.v character of the conversation and deeply impressed bv the determined manner in which the Chancellor had insisted that he must have satisfaction as regarded the Spa percentages. M. Loucheur intimated a concession which indicated an advance, but did not guarantee to Great Britain more than one-half of the loss. For days things dragged on. Private inter views continued, and occasional meetings of the heads of the principal powers. On Thurs day, the 22nd, a meeting of the other four creditor nations was held, at w'hich it was decided to make a fresh offer. Toward midnight M. Jaspar called on me to communicate the nature of the new' offer. It show'ed practically no advance on the offer we had already rejected, and M. Jaspar was informed that it was quite unacceptable. The possibility of a dead-lock seemed now more likely than at any time since the Conference began. I asked M. Jaspar if I must regard his latest offer as the last word of the other creditor powers. While not com mitting himself to that conclusion, he expressed grave doubts as to whether any more substantial offer would be made. The British delegation came to the conclusion that it was necessary to take steps to bring matters to a final issue. I addressed to M. Jaspar a communication asking that wre should have the proposals of the other creditor powers in a final definite form in writing without further delay. The next tw-o days w'ere spent by the other creditor pow'ers in constant session, and at the end of their deliberations w'e received a memorandum. We considered it, and it was decided that I should write a short note express ing our regret that it wras altogether inadequate. It seemed in the interests of the Conference as a whole to send a short reply and at once. An interesting sequel to the receipt of this last offer wras a call upon me from Mr. Adatci, the head of the Japanese delegation, who in his quiet and plaintive voice came to explain that he had attended the discussions of the other creditor pow'ers as an observer, and had offered his advice, but did not take part in sending the memorandum, nor did he associate himself with it. He had explained this to the other creditor pow'ers, and had obtained their consent to making this declaration to the British Gov ernment as a matter of loyalty. Matters had now apparently' reached a complete deadlock again. Substantial progress, it is true, had been made on the political side, the agreement to which was almost complete, provided a settlement could be reached on the financial side. The matter of deliveries in kind, which was in the very' able hands of Mr. Graham, had also made some progress, though our requirements had not been completely' met. On the financial side, however, the position w'as the same as it had been for tw'o weeks. Nothing approaching an adequate advance had been made tow'ard us. In these circumstances, the British delegation decided to ask that afternoon for the summoning by the six inviting powers of a plenary' conference on the following morning. When this request was presented to the other delegations w'e found that the French, Belgian, and Italian delegations had just made a similar request. The French delegation had actually reserved accommoda tion on the Paris train. This meeting, which marked the decisive turning-point in the fortunes of the Conference, assembled at five o’clock. Each delegation (Please turn to page 12) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Tropical Landscape Architecture By P. J. WESTER, Horticulturist The tropics more than any other part of the world is the paradise of the naturalist and plant lover. Nowhere else do we set; such exuberant growth and such lavishness of foliage and flowers except in the conservatories in the temperate zone, and there the marvelous effects attained under good management are created by the aid of Flora's tropical children transported from their far-away native homes. Some traveler and naturalist has re marked upon the pover ty of floral displays the tropics in contrast to the wealth of flowers that adorn the meadows of England. If he refer red to the herbaceous flora of the two zones, the temperate and the torrid, we may concede the truth of this state ment. However, this is a one-sided comparison. The flora in its entirel should be considered and who will then deny the blue ribbon to the tropics? Where in the temperate zone d ies one see such magnificent flo ral displays as a group of flamboyants, Coh'illea, Banabd, the Barba dos “flower fence,” the oleander? Many of the water lilies arc of trop ical origin, including the most famous of all, the Victoria regia. A field—• or shall we say a lake— of water-hyacinths bloom is not likely to be soon forgotten; what temperate aquatic can compete with the royal lotus? and again, are not the tropics the home of the most gorgeous of those blue-bloods of the vegetable kingdom, the cattleya, the laelia, the dendrobium, the vanda, the plialacnopsis? As if she were riot satisfied with having scattered with the utmost lavishness bril liant flowers in the tropics over the two kingdoms of the earth—land and sea— nature has further endowed the leaves of many of her children among the cryptograms with iridescent colors, not to speak of the opulent wealth of color in some of the herbaceous shrubs, such as the codiaeums, certain pandans and the heliconias. Lofty' palms, unsurpassed in state liness, the willowy bamboo, and the majestic forest trees, to the shrubs and herbaceae, with an opulence of foliage to satisfy the most exact ing, and to the humble ferns yet unsurpassed in grace and loveliness—not to forget the tree ferns, many of which are the ne plus ultra of all that is at once stately and graceful, nor the innumer able climbers that are perpetual sources of delight to the plant lover because of their habit, flowers and foliage—there are a few of nature's prodi galities in the tropics. With all this vegetative wealth at homo, in usually rich soil, with abundant rainfall and ample natural heat, what remains is merely the tasteful arrangement thereof by the horticul turist and landscape architect, and subsequent care in order to obtain and maintain the best effects. In the ornamentation of parks, squares, streets, and avenues of a city, or in the laving out of an estate or a small city lot, utility and appropriate ness of every' object created should always be obvious; there should always be a reason for a walk here, an open vista there, or a group of shrubbery yonder. It should be remembered that an object that serves no purpose is out of place and that the saying that that woman is best dressed of whose apparel one can recollect no detail, applies in no inconsiderable measure to an ornamental ground. If all is harmoniously and tastefully arranged, no single feature should glare us conspicuously' in the face, and the whole should give an impression of completeness that would be disarranged by the removal of any one part. The first requisite of an attractive park or garden, be it large or small, is a good lawn. The lawn is for the park what the background is for a beautiful picture. A good, ornamental garden fi E & 1 IB1 i without a good lawn is as inconceivable as a picture without a background. Next comes the laying out of the road and paths. In this the width of the road should be considered in connection with its purpose, the Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Industria MANILA, P. I. greater the traffic the wider the road. A wind ing road is more attractive and pleasing as a rule than the straight line; but care should be exer cised in its design, or it may border on the ridi culous. In the planting of trees due discrimination should be made in order to attain a certain ob ject. Shade should ever be the watchword when trees are selected for the street and avenue in the tropics, while there are also other points to be taken into consideration. There are many exceedingly attractive trees that must be dis carded as shade trees and relegated to the park alone because they are deciduous during the dry season, when shade is most needed. In the park the selection and grouping together of trees should depend upon their ability to supplement and enhance the beauty of each other •hether in habit, flower, or foliage. Do not crowd too many' plants together in a small area. In an effort to have a “little of everything,” sight is frequently' lost of the appearance of the whole, with the result that the garden becomes a "cu riosity shop” as it were, instead of a garden. Not only is it necessary' for a tree or plant to have a certain space if it is to attain its proper and na tural development, but additional space is re quired to “set off” the object, or in other words, a background. Frequently the best ef fect is obtained by' a so litary specimen tree on the lawn, but if the grounds are ample, a group of trees may' be planted to advantage. The ultimate size of a tree or plant should always be considered at the time of planting, remembering that too close planting is not conducive to the attainment of the best effects. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 Palms! This single word instantly conjures up visions of the tropics. As a matter of fact, this distinct family of plants seems to be more used for decorative purposes in the temperate zone than in its native home. Many millions of palms are annually propagated in greenhouses in the temperate zone and used to adorn houses the year around, and the garden and park during the summer. They are perhaps more in demand for this purpose than any other group of plants. According to their habit and behavior, palms may be used in a variety of ways for decorative purposes. Because of their slow growth and comparatively small spread of crown which gives but little shade, they are not as frequently planted for street trees as they deserve from a purely' ornamental point of view. This is a mat ter for much regret be cause no shade tree can approach a well-devel oped palm of certain species in clean-cut knightly beauty. A tree may be the most majes tic or the most graceful, but the palm is, never theless, distinctly in a class bv itself. “The princes of the vegetable kingdom,” so were the palms termed by the great Linnaeus, and there seems to be no rea son for a revision of that expression. And yet Linnaeus received his impressions of t he palms from descriptions by others, from herbarium specimens, and from what must have been but poor specimens found in the crudelyconstructed greenhouses of his day. We can but conjecture his expres sions if he had seen palms in their native habitat. One cannot but regret that the great plant lover and botanist never saw the real trop ics. If palms are unsuited to line the wider streets and thoroughfares of a city or the coun try, they should lie planted 'along paths ’and walks in parks and plazas whenever! this can bo done so as to conform to the general design. For avenue purposes only, species having a THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK — LTD. (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - - - - 108,500,000.00 Undivided Profits - - - - 10,420,920.97 MANILA BRANCH 600 DASMARlNAS, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager , PHONE 2-37-S9—MANAGER PHONE) straight trunk and a fairly well-developed crown should be chosen, such as the Canary Island date, the royal palm, Oreodoxa, the California fan palm, Cocos plumosa, buri and Corypha data. The date, Phoenix dactylifera, makes a very satisfac tory avenue tree, though it has a rather “stiff” and ungraceful appearance. For narrow walks and the “patio” the Bonga de China, Norrnanbya merrilli, is excellent. As an all-around avenue tree perhaps no species surpasses the Canary Island date. The royal palm is indeed excellent when from 5 to 10 meters tall, but it unfortu nately grows so rapidly as to lose its greatest charm while it is still comparatively young. For the best effect palms should never be planted so Banking the borders of a’driveway,' close in the avenue that the leaves interlace. For massing, as solitary specimens on the lawn, or in the shrubbery, all palms may be utilized more or less. For a grove, particularly near water, nothing is more appropriate than the coco nut. palm. In planting a grove for ornamental purposes, be sure not to plant an orchard, else much of the charm will lie lost. 'rhe bamboos are of unique beauty. Greatly appreciated in far-away countries where they are introduced with difficulty, they arc here so common that few stop to appreciate how beauti ful they really are. Shrubs are probably the most abused of any one class of ornamental plants. Who has not seen solitary shrubs standing in line along roads and paths like so many sentinels, prim and stiff, not to say grotesque, and trimmed up like feather dusters from which most of the feathers had been dipped? Sometimes the attempt is made to train a shrub into a tree or some other fantastio shape —with the inevitable result. A man may confess that he is ignor ant of other forms of gardening, but he is sure that he knows how to make a hedge and he labors under the delu sion that the hedge is the sine qua non in land scape architecture. As a matter of fact, a hedge is a very service able and attractive ob ject in its place, and it is sometimes far from unattractive in itself out of place if it is properlyattended. However, the would-be gardener usual ly cultivates it so assi duously' with knife and shears that whatever potential beauty it might have is utterly destroyed and made into hard, ungraceful lines and corners. The hedge is essen tially a windbreak and may be used as a fence or to hide unsightly pla ces, but used on both sides of a road or path it is an abomination, and as unattractive and out of place as a wellarranged border of flo wers is attractive and appropriate. In order to obtain compactness and impene trability it is necessary every now and then to prune back the hedge; this should always be done with the thought in mind of preserving the natural habits of the plant constituting the hedge as much as possible and yet make it serve its purpose. Among plants eminently' well adapted to hedges that also will serve as wind breaks are the oleander and hibiscus; for a low hedge, the rioleta is very' good. In most cases shrubs produce the best effects when they are massed; most suitable for solit aires are t hose of a drooping habit or semiscandent and well covered with foliage from the ground up. Dama-de-noche, Cestrum nocturnum, Russelia juncea, Acalypha, emarginata, Pandanus baptisti, and P. reitchii arc good examples of shrubs adapted to solitaires; the two last-men tioned species are indeed not shrubs, though for ornamental purposes they are used as such, and they' may, of course, also be used in massing, either in clumps of one species or intermixed with others. The best effects in massing shrubs, are usually obtained by grouping foliage plants and flowering shrubs in separate chimps instead of mixing them promiscuously. Always place the tallest and most robust-growing species in the background and the smaller ones in front. Especially in a group of shrubs with ornamental foliage avoid planting them in tiers, or the planting assumes an artificial aspect, something that is always to be guarded against. In making a flower bed, avoid intricate apd curious designs. A long rectangular bed border ing a walk or a simple circle or an oval in a lawn and triangular beds at the intersection of roads and paths are the most appropriate designs. Whalexer the center of the bed may contain, a border of some dwarf plant with white flowers— (Pleas' turn to page IS) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE TO AMERICA This is the thirty-second Christinas your national colors have been at the masthead over Port Santiago. That is about a generation, and beyond comparison it is the most fortunate period the Philippines ever had: you have sent great men here to govern, according to the doctrine written for McKinley by Elihu Root, a man who continues to honor you in world affairs: you originally sent soldiers who lent force to your overtures for peace, which was soon established, and then, by thousands, found places in the ranks of peace where their energies were devoted, for personal gain not altogether wanting in idealism, to the up-building of the country: these old soldiers, in business and industry, were the first employers to open wide the doors of opportunity to the young Filipino, whom they took green of all experience and patiently trained—meanwhile paying him in ac cordance with what he was able to do. You have sent teachers by thousands, men and women bearing the torch of learning to the multitudes in the villages and towns of these islands and helping the merchant, the industrialist, the miner, the planter and the drover found the new era of democracy and equal opportunity upon the stubborn traditions of privileged feudalism. You have not wholly suc ceeded, in so short a time, with such a tremendous task; yet you have not wholly failed, you have much to be proud of and very little to regret: your sons have served you well and the people of these islands have been peculiarly responsive, if not actually appreciative. You have not taxed these people, but twenty years ago you established between these islands and yourself that free trade which by the Constitu tion prevails everywhere under the Flag. The people of these islands, guarded by your arms, travel on your passports and avail themselves of your consular and diplomatic agencies in the same manner and to the same extent as your own citizens do, who pay the bill; and the people of these islands serve your arms, drawing compensation therefor and pensions upon disability-discharge or age-retirement,. The benefits, tangible and obvious, which you have conferred upon these people are innumerable, and you approach by the best means you can a definite basis of your relations with them, which it seems destiny will make permanent. If propaganda had been as busy instructing the people as to what you have been and still are actually doing in their behalf as it has been in alleging things you have failed to do, a better understanding of you would prevail; in the way of going farther ahead stands a good deal of popular ignorance, some of it in the United States and some of it here, as well as the aims of selfish men. This can not be helped. You are doing well by these islands and in their heart of hearts the people know it. Misgivings here as to what you may do, whether you will radically alter your policy, are really not profound. Above all, have no qualms of conscience: no sound indictment can be drawn against you. Over here we are able to behold you in the midst of a broad perspective; we who are your sons think you did nobly in the World War, and, while less well in the World Peace, probably the best you could. You had then hardly begun to peek over vour continental boundaries and truly realize the fact of your world-wide responsibilities beyond them, and you were dealing with European powers steeped in querulous traditions and theories—domin ated by the Bismarckian doctrine balancing states off against one another. The compromises of Versailles will long arise to plague you, and you have ideas, novel to you, to digest at home. You will not erect tariff bar riers against the Philippines, you will follow President Hoover and lower the tariff walls you already have—for you are a great world-trader, now, and the tariff bothers you exceedingly. You will discard, in the fullness of time, your naive estimate of your so-called balance of trade; and a huge residue of cash, the difference between what you have bought abroad and what you have sold abroad, will come, not to make you confident, as now, but to alarm you, as it should—for it all represents trading you might have done yet didn’t do. It makes home credits too liberal and elastic, induces the making of more goods than can be sold, and, despite the Federal Reserve System, causes periodical smash-ups o potentially good stocks. Long ago, at the feet of Hamilton, you learned that, as to domestic trade,you can not have your cake and eat it, too; and soon other great sons of yours will teach you the same lesson concerning trade overseas. You are a great mother, adaptable, responsive to the legitimate demands upon you—a leader toward the light. One institution you have is a fumbling affair, the four-year presidential term, making the president’s first term devoted to the winning of a second and making fixed policy, particularly fixed overseas-policy, difficult. Nevertheless, you are getting along; you have not always wisely amended your Constitution, and this change, which would seem to be indicated by your brief experience as a nation, may be effected any time within the next fifty years. Republics are long-lived. You arc young, just entering your maturity. God bless you! A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE TO THE PHILIPPINES Pursuit of your natural aspirations has made you appear to be willing to take advantage of any predicament America may find herself in, to the end that you may be separated from her. A factitious situation has been created, which is an abnormal condition adversely affecting the islands. Why not, then, facing facts squarely, give official promulgation to some thing on the lines of the following?: “The United States has been a liberal and enlightened mother-nation to the Philippines for nearly a generation, a period which might be defined as the islands’ golden era. She has granted every request short of setting the Philippines up as an entirely independent nation, a goal toward which, however, we believe her unvaried policy leads. We have faith in her, she has given us no cause not to have. We are eager for the time when our aspirations may be realized in full, but we recognize one obstacle to that end within the islands, and two without. We feel it our own peculiar obligation to remove the internal, obstacle, backward economic develop ment, with which is inevitably associated an inadequate insular income from taxation; and we feel that America, in association with other nations, will cope successfully with the external obstacles, as she is trying to do. “We see danger in the present world situation not only to small nations, but to the largest as well; we applaud every effort being made to effect adjustments insuring world peace. “We realize that the situation in China, a nearby nation of great potencial power, makes the integrity of her bond as a nation questionable, and that only when she shall have set up a responsible government will it be prudent to rely upon her international agreements; nonaggression on her part, as well as that of other nations, is essential to our liberty when it may no longer be a national concern of the United States. “China is one external obstacle to progress with America’s plans for us. “We also realize that since the World War, peace has not been per manently established throughout the world, and fears of the possible out break of another devastating conflict—of which a free Philippines might be the innocent cause—are justifiable in the minds of statesman. We realize the need of nations, small and large alike, for new institutions of world-wide scope and power, to effect: first, services which have grown beyond the resources of mere national and seaboard-city agencies; second, decisions of international disputes which are of a nature which in the past has given rise to wars; third, accords regarding the inviolability of the liberty of small nations which are still, in the final arbitrament, at the mercy of great armed powers. “This is the second external obstacle to the fulfillment of America’s intentions toward us. “In view of all this, and emphasizing the fact that we have not the slighest cause to doubt America, we are resolved to cease importuning America for separation from her until time and our own and America’s efforts have removed the obstacles to our request. We make this frank declaration so as not to appear to annoy America in the grave tasks she has undertaken in behalf of the lasting peace of the world, which, transcend ing all other matters, have confronted her ever since the Philippine Act of 1916 became our organic law. These tasks, we are aware, are not yet fully discharged, but time promises that they will be in the not distant future. “On our part, meantime, we shall devote ourselves with single purpose to our domestic welfare. Our population, doubled since America came to the islands, will double again within twenty years, and the character of our trade will change from that chiefly of foreign consumption to one chiefly of domestic consumption. Our institutions will strengthen and our posi tion become assured. That is to say, in the day' of which we are warranted in expecting the dawning within a few years, nations will neither be in dependent nor dependent in the old sense; there will be a progression, just as there was in the past from the absolutism of kings; nations will be mutual ly defended and the small ones will be in no jeopardy' of their freedom. During the difficult intervening period, we do not feel called upon even by our aspirations to hasten America into another concession in our behalf.” Perhaps none will dare say such a proposal from the proper source would not be heartily welcomed here and in the United States. December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 Rice and the Warehouse Law By Percy A. Hill Prices offered for the new crop have registered a substantial decrease being from 1* * 3.50 to 1 * 3.70 per cavan of palay with a tendency to further decrease. Rice prices at consuming points are slightly lower than last month’s, but. as soon as stocks acquired at high prices ate dis posed of they should be better. It is expected that there will be little fluctuation in prices this year, in spite of the dislocation of the market by the warehousing law and the holding back of supply in producers’ camarins. This gives us approximately some 2,000,000 more cavans than last year. Requirements for the above five provinces is placed at nine and a third million cavans, the balance being avail able for sale. Imports, as a consequence, will be slight—unless undue dislocation of the supply is forced upon the distributors. Yields are spotty but in the aggregate should come close to those of 1927, the greatest crop ever produced in the islands. Part, of the increased area was due to favorable price offerings of last year, but offerings this year will in all likelihood be reduced by 25%, thus making a much smaller volume of money avail able to the producer and falling into the normal channels of trade. The question of price is always important to both producer and consu mer, but lack of warehousing at terminal points, forfeited by legislation, will work adversely to the producer this year. Beginning with January, business interests engaged in the rice industry find that profits accruing to them are so small that, they are unwilling to add unnecessarily to the burden. The law goes into effect on January first. Boiled down, the filing of bonds to cover deposits in the amount, of 1*2.50 per cavan, with the idea of protecting palay depositors, has resulted in the loss of the entire deposit function, the millions of pesos of credits normally extended the pro ducer, the sacks delivered to him free, and his consequent price enhancement. In this case business which supplied all these things free to • the producer has decided that the burden is too great and they will therefore simply buy outright , mill and sell rice to the consumer. A depositor was of course not protected by insurance, but t his could have been accomplished by extending the insurance, the depositor paying the premium, which is the way it should have been done. The deposit, function, built, up with great care during the last, fifteen years, was a godsend to the producer. He paid no fees or shrinkage, if the crop was sold before October. He was given the privilege of storing bis surplus in warehouses dose to terminals. A large credit was supplied him on his deposit, without interest of any kind. Sacks were supplied him free, and money advanced him on hispromisory note— in advance of the delivery of his crop. There is not a single entity, governmental or philanthrophical, which would do this, and no other in dustry enjoyed like benefits. The only gain the highly compel it ive Chinese interests ob tained was the stabilizing of supply to fill their Estimates of the coming rice crop are very favorable. The Central Luzon provinces which supply interprovincial requirements are analys ed as follows: The 1929-1930 area planted was approximate ly 622,800 hectares of which some 45,000 regis tered a decline in yield due to plant pests. The very favorable season since July and the ideal pollenization conditions more than make up for any loss. Rainfall was well distributed, aver aging some 25% more in volume than last year’s, or in the ratio of 62 to 87 inches ap proximately. Province Towns Cavans Nueva Ecija............................ 27 Pangasinan............................... 46 Tarlac....................................... 17 Bulacan.................................... 23 Pampanga................................ 20 8,686.000 7,774,000 2,531,000 2,088,000 1,674,000 Totals................................ 133 22,753,000 milling contracts, which in turn supplied inter provincial requirements. The way the warehousing law reads may sound good, but in its attempt to cuff the ears of a few reckless warehousemen in Bulacan, it landed a knockout blow to the producer. As a consequence, the greater part of the crop will be bought up at market prices, which generally register low at the time of deposit. The other portion will remain in warehouses on the farms, awaiting demand. This demand will not. mat erialize if high prices are requested, and imports will be utilized to meet the demands of the con sumer. All the blah-blah about the Chinese fixing prices is merely bunk. At times business cannot be done at a profit under laws which penalize it. In this case the road is open to everyone who desires to enter the warehousing business under present con ditions. If this is favorable they should im mediately embark in it, without further chest thumping, scarehead propaganda, or begging the question. As to success, let us say nothing. As to the ambition, it is legitimate. If profits are to be forthcoming, now is the time, as the crop is good and conditions favorable. They need fear no competition under the present law as to date -we have heard of no one who cares to embark in the business of storing palay. But there should be less careless talk and more action. The rice producer in general holds no brief for either. All he wants is a fair price for his product and the enjoyment of as many fav orable mechanisms as arc reasonable. Like the consumer, neither race nor color bother him, if he gets the price . So far we have not heard of any bouquets to be presented to the chap who has deprived them of some millions of pesos, but they are beginning to think. No matter how we deplore the inability of the producer to enter business, through cooperatives, we must admit that his function lies and will lie in production and its consequent yields. Anyone with a third grade knowledge of arithmetic can see by the daily papers exactly the spread between the raw and processed material—palay and rice. This should be enough to terrify the ordinary individual, but we have the unterrified with us as of yore. The idea of the cooperative is to control supply with an idea of collective bargaining. What about the other end of the business, the consumer? He will not be happy if he has to pay the price saddled upon him by monopolies, in addition to the tariff which itself is ample protection. Cooperatives have not always been successful, and most certainly not in the daily food require ments of peoples. The pool is entirely a dif ferent proposition dealing not with domestic supply, but with export surpluses, and not all pools are successful. Those familiar with co operation know full well that if applied to co operatives, it requires a business man to head it, and we have no better business men than the ones who have built up the rice industry, who extend credits without interest, who distribute efficiently and cheaply. There is nothing hap pening in the dark as regards the rice industry except, perhaps, legislation, which never un derstands business. The idea of scrapping a perfectly good machine for an inadequate one is nothing but pure unadulterated foolishness. If cooperatives are desired, why not concen trate on lines which show a profit, rather than on those which show such small spreads, and then hire a business man to run the business. If they can compete with present mechanisms there is no law stopping them. As for the rice industry, there would be no bond required of a cooperative; instead, they would have to build their own warehouses, invite deposits, pay a host of ignorant operatives and take a chance on collect ive bargaining. If they went into the processing of their product it would mean a high capital investment without an adequate outlet. If they extended it to take in the distribution function, they would face an impasse. If they expected to advance credits to the depositors they would have to look up a banking connection, and they could not distribute to their patrons the profits until their entire stock had been disposed of for the year. With these require ments in mind, the way is open for cooperatives! No cooperatives we know of have ever flour ished if built from the top, or if forced upon producers against their will. The mere regis tration of firms makes little difference if they cannot function at a profit for business is not built that way. Nor can it be said that one man or any group of men have the ability to outguess the market every time. The Chinese here in the business for centuries have not been able to do that, nor anyone in the United States, either. As a matter of fact producers have only one wav to seek solid gains, and that means higher yields from the lands they own. It means concentrating on production rather than on distribution, a very different thing. The pro cessing of their produce has been the rock unon which far too many have been wrecked, for generally speaking producers are not business men. The whole trouble in the Philippines is the urge to build from the top. Too many move ments are in their infancy, desiring to run before they can walk. Too much ignorance prevails as to just what business is, and too much enmity prevents a cool consideration of actual facts. It may not be known to our Patrick Henrys that many firms are now liquidating rice at a loss of thirty centavos a sack, to enable them to mobilize cash for the new crop and to clean off the old crop accounts. We can imag ine the howl of a cooperative faced with this, but we cannot imagine them doing it. The way, however, is open to all who desire to enter the business. With regard to the irrigation facilities sup plied bv the government, we may say, taking into consideration present projects functioning, annual crops, and ordinary increase of popula tion, that a limit has been reached. It is true that a certain amount of irritation exists against these projects but this urge is due in part to illconsidered estimates, the annual payment of irrigation fees and, last but not least, the hope held out by politicians of exempting beneficiaries from payments altogether and saddling the government with the cost—as in other countries. Irrigation increases yields by approximately 8% but its function is crop insurance, a much more important phase of production from a national standpoint. The amount of fees collected is small as against the benefits re ceived. As no government is stronger than its producers, it might be that a way out would be to make a flat rate per hectare, under the name of service, that would repay over a long period the costs and interests, collected with the or dinary land tax. Where the land is so poor that the growing of rice rarely pays, the extension of irrigation to that area is not feasible. Further more, as in good years we are practically selfsustaining as to rice, any further extension is simply forcing the rice industry into the status of the sugar industry, with the exception that sugar has a market and rice has none, being a protected crop. The above is worth while thinking over, before raising any more bonds for irrieation, as further expansion is approaching the danger line. Short Short Short Story Once there was a clever little girl named Susie Scrugs. Well, Susan Scrugs learned to dance and so Suzanne Scrugs went to New York. And, happy to relate, Suzanne Swan made good. So a rich old millionaire married Mlle. Suzanne de Swan and now Mrs. Harry Smith lives abroad.—Life. I have never jumped out of an aeroplane with a parachute that was slow to open, but one time I returned from a week-end trip and saw a telegram under my door.—Life. I know why auto drivers are always in such a big hurry. They are speeding up to get in front of you so they can slow down.—Life. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, iyz9 The Fairies of Mount Banahaw (Continued from page 5) grave of their mother, waiting their father’s return with Santa Claus! The blankets of the night wrapped them round, perhaps God shield ed their innocence and helplessness. Near midnight, deep sounds emerged from the crater of the volcano, like the first notes of solemn sacred music, the sounds gradually changed into a soft melody, as of a Christmas anthem sounding low and far away. The chil dren dreamed. From the blossoms at the grave, and the blooming orchids swinging from the tree branches, emerged a troupe of gayly trip ping sprites not larger than a man’s finger. They are the fairies of Mount Banahaw, and they formed a circle round the sleeping children and danced their fairy measures with gayety and grace. The tempo of the crater’s music quickened, and the fairies changed their step with it; they danced rigodons and quadrilles, then they had a flower dance and threw handfuls of fragrant roses over the children—never once waking them. So the night passed. At the false dawn, just before Aliwayway, goddess of the rising sun, heralded the morning, the mountain hushed its music and there stepped forth from the grave of the children’s mother a figure all of loveliness and young beauty-clad in white, with flowers in her hair and a girdle of orchids round her waist. Halting momen tarily at the edge of the grave, which closed behind her, she gazed tenderly upon the children, then stepped softly toward them. Bending down, she kissed them on the lips; and then the fairies came and danced once more and sang a beautiful song; the shrouded lady wept as she took the children in her arms and carried them into their father’s cottage. It was past sunrise when Juan, all anxiety and solicitous concern, at last reached home. But could it really be home, his home? He stopped in astonishment when he reached the clearing, for the rambling thatch cottage, no more than a rude mountaineer’s hut, was gone, and in its place stood a neat little wooden house—as good as a rich man’s in town. Juan rubbed his eyes vigorously, to make sure he had not fallen asleep and to dreaming, then hurried on across the gar den and into the house. He expected it to fade into the unseen things of hope, but lo, it remained just as it was! And in a clean new white bed Silva and Alejandro were fast asleep. Toys, candies, and clothing for both boy and girl were spread upon a fine table in the center of the room, under a Christmas tree brilliant with candles aglow and burdened with garlands of fruits and nuts. A sob escaped Juan. Sinking to his knees and leaning his tired head low, he kissed the branches of the tree. For he had recognized it—the little pine sapling be had found on the very crest of Mount Banahaw and had brought down and planted at the grave. He realized that Maria had returned from Eternity that night, and made the sapling into this radiant Christmas tree. At the head of the grave, where the pine had stood, Juan set the vase from the Chinese tra der’s store, and no day passes that the children do not fill it with the choicest wild flowers the forest knows. As he gathers rattan for their wants, Juan wonders at the mystery. He is sure it was Maria who visited their lonely chil dren that night, and he thinks perhaps she will come again—perhaps at some other Christmastide. Perhaps she will. Britain at The Hague (Continued from page 7) outlined its own point of view at some length. For a time it looked as though the breakdown of the Conference was inevitable. M. Briand made an impassioned plea to put the interests of Europe before any paltry financial considera tions. I said that I agreed, and that, so long as conciliatory measures were likely to be fruit ful, we had been willing to continue. We had, however, waited three weeks. There had been no progress, no decision. The British delega tion had been most anxious to give every oppor tunity for conversations that might be fruitful of results. All through the British delegation had manifested great patience. For days we had had to sit idle, and now, as a final offer, we were asked to accept one-half of our legiti mate claims. The end of the Conference seemed at hand, but developments were imminent which showed once more that the darkest hour is that before the dawn. The room was insufferably hot, and it was suggested that wc might adjourn for ten minutes to get some fresh air. We split into little groups, and then the bargaining process began. The British delegates remained in one room, while the others went into another room. M. Jaspar acted as intermediary. M. Jaspar returned within five minutes to say that his friends would advance only sixty-six per cent. I at once rejected this, and at eight-forty-five I described on half a sheet of note paper the five heads of our minimum demands, and this I handed to M. Jaspar. Half an hour later he returned with an offer which showed some advance but was still un acceptable. I begged him to continue his efforts, and pointed out that in half an hour he had advanced £100,000 a year, and at the same rate he would come up to the minimum demands before midnight. He returned in a quarter of an hour with a further advance of £50,000. “You are doing first rate, M. Jaspar,” I said. "Be not weary in welldoing.” In the next two or three hours further small advances were made, and by eleven-thirty they had come within £240,000 of the British claim. M. Jaspar was in despair. “I cannot do more,” he said. “You have emptied all our pockets.” “Go through your pockets again,” I said very kindly, “and I am sure that you can find enough to cover what remains between us.” “You told me you had a very kind heart,” he said, “but we have never met a man like you.” I assured him that it was out of the kindness of my heart that I wished him to continue his efforts, as I was sure that he would succeed. Then someone had a brain wave, and the hitherto undiscovered means of giving us the sum we needed was discovered. At midnight our demands were accepted, and the Conference was silved. At 2 o’clock in the morning we left the conference hall. Outside were hundreds of journalists, who had been waiting all through those hours and had en livened the tedium by making a bonfire of the Young Report in the square. I had now better explain just what our per sistency has gained. We claimed, in addition to our annuities of £2,400,000, a fairer share of the unconditional annuities and some sub stantial improvement in regard to deliveries in kind. The agreement we reached on the first of these claims gives us an increase in our guar anteed annuities of £2,000,000 a year for 37 years. This is guaranteed to the extent of £990,000 by the French and Belgian Govern ments and £450,000 by Italy. We receive in addition at once a lump sum of £5,000,000, which is equal to an additional annuity of £360,000 a year. In addition, by the rearrange ment of the dates at which debt payments are to be made, we gain an additional sum of £200,000 a year. This brings the total gains under this head to £2,000,000 a year. And there is the further advantage of considerable value that, of these sums, ninety per cent are guaranteed and are therefore placed in the cate gory of unconditional annuities, and we should continue to receive them in the event of any postponement. This may be regarded as full compensation for the small sacrifice we made in the total of our original demands. In regard to the second point, we obtained a larger percentage of unconditional annuities. Under the Young Plan there was available for us a share of the undistributed unconditional annuities which would not have amounted at the outset to more than £850,000 a year. We are now receiving, in addition to the guaranteed annuities, a further unconditional payment of £2,750,000 a year. On the third of our claims —namely, delivery in kind—a very substantial improvement was secured by the agreement with Italy. They have undertaken to buy 1,000,000 tons of coal a year for the next three years. These three matters constitute our gains in the financial and commercial sphere, but the British delegation has been equally successful on the political side. Agreement has been reached between France, Belgium, and Great Britain on the one hand, and Germany on the other, by which the evacuation of the Rhineland is to be effected by the end of next June. The withdrawal of the British troops will begin at once, and it is expected that our evacuation will be complete before Christmas. May I now briefly summarize the results of our four weeks’ strenuous efforts? It has been commonly asserted in the foreign Press that the British delegation were fighting only for some sordid material gains. It is quite true that we were determined that our just rights in the matter of the distribution of reparations should be respected. These were bv no means unimpor tant, although a sum of £2,000,000 a year is an infinitesimal part of the enormous financial sacrifice which this country has made for the benefit of our Continental debtors. When we decided to resist the call for further sacrifice we desired the world to know that we had reach ed the limit of our generosity and that we could not allow England any longer to be regarded the milch cow of Europe. But beyond this, and of far greater importance, was our assertion of our international rights and our determination that international agreements should be respected. I am convinced that our stand will make a profound impression on our future relations with the other countries of Europe. The rights and the influence of Great Britain in international diplomacy have been reasserted, and there will be no reversion to the spineless policy of recent years. We have won the respect of the nations with whom we have been in acute, but friendly, controversy in the past four weeks. I made it a condition at the outset of the Conference that Great Britain would not accept any concession to her just claims at the expense of the smaller powers or of Germany. This condition has been maintained. After the final agreement had been reached I voluntarily sacrificed some share of the uncon ditional annuities to which we were entitled in order that they might be divided among the smaller nations, and this concession has won for us their ardent gratitude and respect. Through out the Conference the personal relations between the British delegates and those of the other powers have been of the most cordial and friend ly character—a striking contrast with the bitter ness of the personal attacks which have been made on me in some of the Continental news papers. One of the mildest characterized my self as the reincarnation of the man who burned Joan of Arc, beheaded Mary, Queen of Scots, and banished Napoleon. I cannot conclude without paying a warm tribute of respect and admiration to the leaders of the other delegations. M. Briand’s wise statesmanship and conciliatory spirit have con tributed much to the success of the Conference. Animated by an earnest desire to bring the Con ference to a successful end, he made concessions which I am sure his own countrymen will on consideration heartily approve. Herr Stresemann, the leader of the German delegation, who has his own internal political difficulties, showed a willingness to co-operate which was highly commendable. M. Jaspar, the Belgian Prime Minister, filled the difficult and often very unwelcome task of negotiator between the parties. His tact, his humor, and his patience were in a very large measure the means by which a satisfactory outcome of the Conference was achieved. I would just like to make one further acknowl edgment of our gratitude, and that is to the unanimous support of the British Press and of British public opinion. Without this it would have been quite impossible to achieve our object. At twelve o’clock on Saturday the Conference ended amid universal congratulations and satis faction. It was the birthday of the Queen of the Netherlands, to whose Government the Con ference was deeply indebted for its hospitality. As the delegates finally left the conference hall the band assembled in the square played the stirring old hymn, “Now thank we all our God.” December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 It was a fitting end to the Conference, which I am sure has done much to liquidate the legacies of the War, to liberate the countries of Europe, and to enable them, to pursue more actively their economic reconstruction. Above all, I believe it will be seen that it has brought a new spirit into international policy which will help to bring that peace so abundantly desired by the people. Tropical Landscape Architecture (Continued from page 9) for instance, sweet alyssum—is singularly effect ive. Pilea may be used for this purpose, and AUernanlera is also frequently employed in a similar way. Climbing plants may be divided into three classes: the woody semibush form (requiring a wooden frame upon which it is trained), of which the bougainvillea and allamanda are good ex amples; the herbaceous, twining, or tendril-bear ing climbers, such as the many species of Ipomea, Convolvulus, and granadilla; and the climbers that attach themselves to the object upon which they climb, such as Bignonia venusta, Pothos aurea, and several species of piper. The first-named class can be used to the best advantage in screening unsightly objects. A frame should be built upon which this class of plants may climb. The more vigorous species of the second class may be used in a similar way and those of medium vigor are particularly well adapted as porch climbers; the third class is The Ikugan or The Men With Tails By Ivon Gruner Cook bince, in this modern civilized age surgeons have occa sionally found the spinal bone of man lengthened into a tail-like appendage; and Darwinian theories as well as missing links have caused many heated arguments, it is not surprising to find among the Manobo tribes of the upper Agusan near the mountain fastness of Mount Apo stories of men with tails. The old warrior, A may, hunched closer to the fire as the chill night air swept down the valley from the mountainside. Flames threw into relief the wrinkled face with its prominent cheek bones, its high forehead, small black eyes that glittered like iridescent bits of coal, and lips reddened from the juice of the betel nut chewed by filed teeth which had been darkened to an inky-blackness. The sun had only a little while ago dropped behind Mt. Apo and children were still playing and laughing together. Several of the boys resting from a strenuous game kept glancing toward Amay, and whispering among themselves. Amay, though now an old, old man, was a Bagani lipus; that is, one who had killed in numerable men (more than one hundred) in cluding other Baganis, with his own hands. He commanded great respect not only for his deeds, but also because he was still a fierce man in spite of his age. He alone of the whole tribe was entitled to wear the costume of black, embroidered in red, and the magenta kerchief turban with the yellow spots. Finally one lad, bolder than the others, crept near to his side and questioned him: “Tell us, Oh, great Amay, why the earth and trees swayed and shook yesterday, until I felt a great fear in my heart and a strange sickness in my head and stomach.” The others drew closer. The warrior sat stern and silent and no one moved. Suddenly Amay shot a gory spurt of betel juice into the fire, which flickered and sputtered from the deluge. Then he began to speak. "The earth is as square and as flat as the floor of yonder house; beneath it are four great columns which hold it in the air. Sawa, the great snake-god, lives between those supports. When he shakes and twists against the posts, the earth trembles.” “But why does he shake and twist?” the boy questioned. “When the blood of men is spilled upon the earth, Sawa smells it, but he cannot reach it on account of his position beneath the earth, he particularly useful in covering walls or the trunks of old trees; they succeed best in shade. A very attractive form of gardening is the rockery, which may be built over a heap of re fuse and rubbish in a shady situation with enough good soil in the crevices between the stones on the surface to support and nourish the plants Ferns and Selaginellas, begonias, tradescantias, various aroids, and similar plants, as well as terrestrial orchids, arc particularly appropriate in a rockery. If water is available for a small pond, the rockery as an island in the center with a simulated ruin can be used with telling effect, the pond being planted to water lilies and lotus, with here and there a clamp of Cyperus on the shore. Bamboos, coconuts, reclining palms, plants of weeping habit, and tall grasses may be planted in the proximity of a pond. Hanging baskets always add distinction to a house, be it large or small; and etery house should have a few, either of the bird-nest fern, orchids, or combination baskets of orchids and various ferns. Fern baskets made of strong galvanized wire are most satisfactory and last ing. Coconut husks make very picturesque receptacles for ferns and orchids, and securely wired with copper, or galvanized-iron wire last a long time. For small plants, split bamboo joints are attractive and serviceable, but they decay rapidly. Neglect to utilize native plants in connection with ornamental gardening is not confined by any means to the Philippines or the tropics, but (Please turn to page 25) becomes infuriated and lashes his great tail with violence until sometimes our houses fall, trees crash, and even the earth cracks open. “In his anger, he orders Makabuntasay, who lives beside him and governs the fields of the earth, to create a famine so that people may suffer as he has suffered. To appease him the goddess casts a spell upon the earth so that neither pili nor camotes will grow, and the people of the world must live on such roots as they can dig from the ground. “Busao, the God of War, lives at the side of Sawa also. Greatly to be feared is Busao for he can take the form of any animal, fish or tree and thus learn which men are cowards, which stir up mischief, and which are brave. Watch, too, the birds that fly by night, because, though you may not dream of such a thing, one of tlierfi' may be Busao.” A solemn hush fell over the group as the old brave’s voice fell silent. Gradually they began to whisper to each other in wondering tones. Finally one youth, who had remained on the outer edge of the groups, sidled nearer to the veteran. “Sumagayan says that there were once men with tails.” His voice trembled at his own daring. "Sumagayan! Huh!” grunted the old man, with a disparaging shrug. Sumagayan was only a Bagani ayo-ayo, one who had killed not more than eight persons, and who was entitled to wear only the red kerchief turban. Why, he did not amount to as much as a Bagani hanagan, or a Bagani tinabugan who had killed fifteen and twenty-five men respectively. What right had he to tell ancient folklore to these boys? That was the duty of the prophetic dancer. This must be corrected at once. “For the present, no more! Tonight when the moon rises high in the sky you may sit in the rear of the warriors’ circle and listen to the dancer’s tale. Go now to your homes. ’ He dismissed the boys and with a jubilant shout they rose to their feet, and rushed to tell their parents the glorious news. The hour was late when the moon finally reached the highest point in the heavens and flung her misty robe over the dark forms of motionless trees. Houses built among the branches cast weird, incongruous shadows; the figures of men and women were like sable sil houettes until they moved into the campfire’s I Why Look Around? There Isn’t Anything The Boy Wants More Than This — PORTABLE An ideal Christmas gift to be had on the monthly payments with reduction for cash. Acme of Good T ypewriters For the ; Student Business Man Typist Physician Dentist | Engineer Architect Club Woman Stenographer i Salesman Our terms place The Royal within the reach of all. Looks Good—Is Good Noiseless and Durable Camera Supply Co. 110 Escolta P. O. Box IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 circle of light. The warriors seated themselves in the foreground while the women and wideeyed boys remained in the background. Slowly the steady boom of the agongs began, and as the notes became swifter, rising and falling in cadence, a darcer holding palm leaves in his hands leaped to his, feet. Gracefully he swayed back and forth, lijce flowing water, as he took weaving steps in first one direction and then another, the palm leaves oscillating with the plastic movcmen^r of his body. The hills seemed to vibraj« with the music; then, as the drums gradually grew silent and the dancer swayed m one spot as a flower bend's in a gentle summer breeze, the clear high notes of the sabay, azbamboo flute, were projected into the air, and the dancer-prophet began his tale in a half-chanting tone: “Our fathers were brave men who lived deep in the primeval forests at the head of the Agusan river. None was more powerful than they, for their word was law throughout the valley, from the moutainside to the seashore, until one day there came swarming over the mountain top, through the overhanging foliage, those fierce war-like creatures, known as the Ikugan or the men-u'ith-tails. In these days one never sees the Ikugan, and whither they have gone, or from whence they came, only Magbabaya, the All Powerful, knows. They were colossal crea tures whose skin was covered with long, soft hair: they walked with a stooped, swinging gait, and though their hands and feet were huge they made very little noise as they moved through the vast woodland. Most inconceivable of all was the elongated tail with which they did startling things, such as reaching out withit and choking a warrior who was about to attack them from the rear, at the same time mowing down another in front; or they hid themselves in trees, waiting until a war party passed beneath, then suspended themselves over the group by their tails, and quickly overpowered the un fortunate people who were thus placed at a disadvantage. In such a manner, this war continued for nearly fourteen years. “At the time the Ikugan first made their ap pearance, one clever woman took flight when her tribe was attacked and hid herself in a ragged swamp, shielded by tigbao plants. During the interval that she. was hidden, she amused herself by dyeing all sorts of fibers and weaving them into various kinds of cloth. It is because of her diligence that the Manobo women of today are excellent weavers. “One day as she sat weaving, her eyes were attracted by an indistinct object which glistened each time the wind rippled the bushes in front of her. Intrigued, she rose and parted the bushes. “‘Aha!’ she said to herself. ‘A limokon egg. Now w’hen I am hungry I shall have a feast. Lest a wild animal should take this unexpected wind-fall I shall hide it within this hollow tree.’ “Having concealed the treasure she returned to her work. Strange to say, for many days she forgot all about the egg; one day, suddenly remembering it, she hastened to see if it were still within the rotted tree trunk. “Her surprise knew no bounds when she beheld the broken shell and its contents. Instead of a limokon she found a beautiful girl. Delightedly, she gathered the infant in her arms, and from then on, until the end of the war, she gave the lovely child every care. Each year as the child grew older, her beauty became more radiant. Strands of wavy black hair, scintillat ing gleams of blue in the sunlight, hung far below the flawless, gold-tinted face and shoulders. Her dark brows were straight and narrow over widely-placed, almond-shaped eyes, the depths of which sparkled like the stars of night. The grace and swiftness of venados. the small deer, was not to be compared with the iitheness of her dainty body. Her laughter was as the cool breezes which blow from Apo’s crown, while her voice throbbed with a sweetness like the song of the thrush. “One morning, nearly fourteen years after the discovery of the limokon egg, just as Helios parted the foliage of the forest with his rosetipped, silvery arrows, three Ikugans crept steal thily upon the old woman and the girl sleeping deeply on beds of boughs. The leader im mediately signalled to his followers to bind the sleepers and taxe them to the king. As the huge, hairy hand touched her, the child screamed and struggled to reach her foster mother but to no avail. Both women were quickly over powered and hastily carried away. “Now when the king beheld the girl he fell passionately in love with her, and felt that he could not live unless he could have her for his wife. “ ‘O'd woman, if you will give me your daughter to wed, I will grant you any request you may make.’ “ ‘Tell me first, oh, king, what you have done with my people.’ “ ‘Your people are no more. From the moun tain top to the level of the sea. we have fought with them and have kdled them; saving only these men and women you see here.’ With a wave of his hand he indicated a sullen group of prisoners. “‘These,’ he continued, ‘1 shall use as slaves and for sacrifices.' “The old woman stood quietly bclore him. She knew that she was powerless to refuse him his desire, and her heart, was heavy with grief. Then a great light seemed to flood her mind. . . did he really mean to grant her request? . . . she could no more than try. . . ‘“Sire, if you would wed my daughter, you must first place a married couple from these captives on each of the streams which feed the Agusan.’ “Only the finest specimens of each tribe had been taxon captive. At first the king hesitated, but he had given his word, and moreover such a wondrous maid was worth twice as many slaves! He was indeed enamoured of the beau tiful girl. “And so he ordered bancas to be prepared, and in each one placed a man and woman with food enough to last them for a week. Instructions were given them to turn ofT, one at each trib(I’lease turn to page 1') New Superior Whippet With the convenience of the “finger tip con trol” that all WHIP PETS possess the pleasure you get from a WHIPPET will lead you to eventual ly decide to own one of these exceptional ly easy riding cars. Manila Ovekland Sales Company, Intobpobated 805 Echague P. O. Box 459 Tel. 2-12-88 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 Little Biographies of Men of the Crowd Speaker Roxas, commendably leading his people to reflect upon the econo mics of their present situation, said something to the effect that the masses in the Philippines now are no better off than they were when the American period began, and the half-truth of this constitutes a challenge. The whole philos ophic truth is that the masses everywhere and at all times have only a livelihood for their toil, but that the American plan permits a great many individuals to lift themselves out of the masses and better their economic lot. To illustrate the way in which Filipinos of today, who never become widely known, arc throwing off the bonds of oldtime feudal aristocracy and succeeding in bettering their material condition, the Journal begins a series of true narratives under the heading, Little Biographies of Men of the Crowd. It will pay for authenticated data when the stories written from the data arc printed, and it would appreciate such cooperation.—Ed. I: The Barber Who Buys A Farm Valerio Bulanan, a barber in the new shop next door to the Savoy theater, is just one of the crowd; barbers who are very much of a success financially are not numerous in any country, and conditions that enable a barber here and there among the crowd to lift himself into the proper tied class are surely not below par. So let us learn a little of the life history of Valerio. He is, of course, a first rate barber. He is 33 years old; he attended the public schools of San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, his native town, until, when in his third year of high school, in 1914, he began teaching country school at Pl8 a month. He taught school five years, reached a salary of P28 a month, and came to Manila in 1919 to try to better his fortune. His father, a worthy peasant, is poor, having six children living and only three hectares of land; Valerio has had to make his own way, and it was his father's inability to help him that caused him to quit studying and commence earning money. Arrived in Manila 10 years ago, he found a low-pay job at the customshouse. He worked at this job during the short government hours; he made his home with a relative in Tondo, who is a barber and has a little shop, and this relative taught him barbering. Valerio soon quit his job as a workmen and took up his trade as a barber. He was determined to get ahead; his oldtime classmates were going on, some in one profession, some in another, and natural pride impelled him to ambition. He left the shop in Tondo and came downtown to one on calle Carricdo owned at that time by Eugenio Sevilla, another San Isidro man. Custom here was more lucrative, many sailors and soldiers patronized the shop, and Valerio, pleasing them and being rewarded with liberal tips for good service, made as much as P300 a month. He married and began rearing a family. He was also a little gay of evenings; he squandered a good deal of his money—as he looks back ruefully now—but he also saved a good deal of it. One thing he did was to hire a law yer and go into court in a vain effort to establish his mother’s rights in a rich rice farm of 50 hec tares. The title had got into the hands of a cousin, and the land had been finally registered in the cousin’s name, the deal beginning at the time of the insurrect ion. Valerio failed of establishing his mother’s rights, so she never received the inheritance to which she believed herself entitled. The experience was expensive all round, but the law suit contributed to Valerio’s wisdom; he knows what registered title means! The money he saved he, of course, put into rice lands in San Isidro; he bought three hec tares for about Pl,000, another four hectares for about 1’1,500; so he is now the owner of seven hectares, and a low price for his holdings would be 1’600 a hectare. What the three hectares brought him helped to buy the four. Immigration into Nueva Ecija has been such from the Ilokano provinces that good rice lands have materially increased in value during the past five years, for they are scarce. Valerio can raise corn, yams and tobacco on some of his land, as well as rice. He raises all he can, and finds ready transportation for it to market. It is truck service over the new roads; for a few pesetas a peasant rides anywhere he may wish to go; formerly, carromatas charged P3 for taking one from the railway station in San Isidro to Cabanatuan, and now a truck will pick you up at your door in San Isidro and drop you anywhere in Cabanatuan for 1’0.40, while the railway fare has been lowered to P0.65, or about 30%. The new transportation has much to do with the increasing value of the land. While he has done comparatively well, Va lerio is still ambitious. He has his own shop in Paco, employing eight barbers, and himself when he is not busy downtown; he has also formed a partnership with a master tailor re cently and opened a tailor shop which is paying a satisfactory profit. He has the idea of saving more money, selling his San Isidro land and buying farther up the valley where prices are lower; he has a chance to participate in the ownership of a 200-hectare tract in Tarlak, or a 120-hectare tract in northern Nueva Ecija. In a word, he is following the route of the ex tending transportation lines and buying land for a rise of values that will make him well-to-do. There are special reasons, with which he has familiarized himself, why lands are cheaper at some other points than they are in San Isidro; and yet the cheaper lands will produce just as good crops. One reason, it seems, is that the Ilocano settler is often willing to abandon his land quite (Please turn to page 17) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 Life Insurance Trusts there has been created a life insurance The year 1920 marks the beginning in earnest, of the life insurance trust movement in America. A tremendous increase in this class of business is shown from the years 1923 to 1927 when an increase of 856 per cent is recorded. Between 1926 and 1927 a 200 per cent increase is reported, and today there is said to be more than §750,000,000 (U. S. Currency) of insurance payable to trust companies and banks in their capacities as Trustees under Life Insurance Trusts. Not only are men of modest means putting in trust their ten, twenty or thirty thousand dollars of insurance but also men of wealth are putting in trust their insurance policies in amounts of §250,000 and even §1,000,000. This business could not have grown to such proportions if there were not sound fundamental reasons for business men to avail themselves of such service. There arc such reasons and as business men learn of them, either from their business associates, attorneys, or advisors, they join with the others to swell the rising tide of this class of trust business. The average man in any community whether he be a professional man, a business executive or a workman, seldom fails, from the time lie enters business until he dies, to consult his banker in almost every business venture. lie will not purchase real estate until he obtains an appraisal of the property. The same is true with his stock and bond purchases. It is more true with respect to his searchings concerning the credit of the business houses or individuals with whom he comes in contact. Yet many of these men die leaving their affairs in the hands of those who, both by environment, temperament and financial experience, are unfit to care for his dependents. Often after a genera tion of time used in the amassing of material wealth, and of constantly making use of the advice of his banker in the transactions involved in accomplishing this end, he too frequently is so short sighted as to fail to avail himself of the ultimate means of protection for his family by placing his accumulated wealth in Trust with his banker. The life insurance trust, simply explained, is a written agreement generally executed in duplicate between a person owning certain life insurance policies and a trust company as trus tee, wherein it is stipulated that at the time of the insured's death, his policies which are depos ited with the bank or trust company will be paid over to that institution. The trust agreement recites that the trustee thus designated will invest and reinvest the proceeds of these policies The Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. MANILA, P. I. Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estates repayable monthly instalments, at ow interest If a mindful man with a fixed salary dies, he will only leave a small saving to his family FOR ABOUT F31.00 ANNUALLY our company guarantees the payment of P 1,000 to your wife or sons in case of death, or to the insured himself if he survives the policy. Call or write for particulars to: HOME OFFICE C. S. SALMON 4th Floor, Filipinas Bldg. 3rd Floor, Gaches Bldg. Plaza Moraga, Manila, P. I. Escolta cor. T. Pinpin 11 P. O. Box 128 P. O. Box 734, Manila V. SINGSON ENCARNACION, President J. McMICKING, Manager over a period of years and will collect and dissribute the income to definitely designated por tions or institutions in such amounts and at such times as set forth in the agreement. There is little difference between this arrange ment and that of the “Annuity Contract," “Installment Policy” or the “Monthly Income Policy” which one may secure from a life insur ance company with the exception that when the trust company is made trustee of these funds it is possible to grant it discretionary power as to the distribution of the earnings or principal. This is the one big feature of life insurance trusts that appeals to the business man. The life insurance company, in making payments The West Coast Life Insurance Company offers a full line of modern life insurance contracts designed to meet every need of business or personal protection. For particulars and quotations consult the Philippine Branch Office West Coast Life Insurance Co. Kneedler Building Manila, P. I. Telephone 2-36-74 under an “Annuity .Contract,” “Installment Policy” or “Monthly Income Policy,” is bound by hard and fast rules to pay only the amounts called for in the policy at the times stipulated, no matter what the emergency might be. No discretionary powers are possible, with respect to payments of the proceeds of life insurance policies after the death of the owner of such poliIn setting up or creating life insurance trusts it is the usual custom to make provisions for the trustee to pay a stated income to the bene ficiaries, with authority touse additional amounts either for unexpected happenings, such as sick ness or for specific contingencies such as the education of minor children, to be paid when they arrive at a certain specified age. Provi sions are often made for birthday presents, christmas presents, anniversary presents and for wedding presents to the children at time of their marriage. -Careless tendencies of thought less children may be curbed by authorizing the trustee to use discretion as to the amounts they shall receive (over and above their actual re quirements) holding back, if necessary, certain major sums until they' arrive at an age of greater discretion. Many- men have certain forms of charity which the desire to continue supporting but time and circumstances may alter the status of some such favorite charity and discretionary power to change the beneficiary' under certain conditions is often desirable. A well known general agent for one of the large life insurance companies had the following to say in an address made before the trust divi sion of the American Bankers’ Association:— “There are many' reasons for the existence of trust companies as we see it from a life insurance standpoint. We realize the flex ibility in the trust, the change in the economic conditions of life. “Suppose a man had made a will and created a trust in 1900 and should have passed away within the last ten years. The standard of living which he might have set for his family at that time would be wholly' inadequate and embarrassing. Therefore discretionary power is necessary. “The contacts which are formed with suc cessful and painstaking business men are worth much to a widow and growing children. I am glad to know that my only son, through my creating a trust, will be able to have con tact, if anything should happen to me, with such institutions and such men as are at the head of our fine banks and trust companies.” One other very' important point in favor of creating a life insurance trust is the safety afford ed the beneficiaries from the possibilities of liti gation. The life insurance trust takes the place of a will, in so far as the proceeds of the insur ance policies are concerned, but has the added advantage of not being subject to the Probate in the Courts and it can not be contested. While no courts of the Philippines have as yet passed upon questions that may arise with respect to life insurance trusts, we are advised by competent legal counsel that when a life inIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL lHE, A1V1EIC1CAN ^HAMHEK UH T^UlVlJVlKKLiE JUUKNAL £7 surancc trust is created, the money (principal and income) may be made payable by the person executing the trust to any person or persons desired and the “laws of succession’’ would have no application. We are also advised that life insurance trusts are not subject to inheritance tax. Little Biographies of Men of the Crowd (Continued from page 15) as casually as he homesteaded it; the land not having come to him in the customary way, he does not look upon his patent from the govern ment as a genuine title, and for a modest re muneration for his labor in getting the land under cultivation he will pass title and move off. He likes to be among his people, and an infiltration of Tagalogs from the south—a process which never ceases—disgusts him and inclines him to move away. Valerio is a Tagalog. What of his brothers and sisters? There are four boys living, and two girls. One of the girls is still in school, the other is married to a man of her own class, a tenant farmer. But this tenant has saved money and bought himself a farm of four hectares; a new crop is coming on, too, and if Valerio sells his land his brother-in-law will buy it. Valerio’s three brothers are tenant farmers of San Isidro; one of them works Valerio’s land, and another helps their father, now too old for all the work of a three-hectare farm. The married sister has six children, with good prospects of being able to put all of them through school. As for the old father, the boon of rapid transportation into Manila benefits such old men as he, and the young as well. It has become a very' profitable and easy avocation to grow mangoes; twenty years ago this fruit brought almost nothing in San Isidro, but last year Valerio’s sister sold the crop from one tree for 1 * 150 without the trouble of leaving her house to do so. The crop of a single tree has sold for 1 * 200; the buyers motor up from Manila, and bid for the crop, which they gather themselves, when the fruit is well set; and the new immigrants from Baliuag have taught the San Isidro growers how to smoke the trees to stimulate early' bearing, while a method of fertilization sometimes induces two crops a year. Valerio's wife has borne him two children. In reality, however, he has three; for one of his brothers has, according to ancient customary' law, given him a boy' now thirteen years old and in grade VI, Valerio’s own boy being under nine and in grade III. The elder boy, as much Zamboanga Building Villa Tourist Place A committee designated by’ the provincial governor has been busy during the past week studying the proposition to build a hotel or inn at Pasonanca and develop the park as a pleasure resort in cooperation with the Philippine Tourist Association and the Manila Hotel Company. A prospectus has been prepared and will be submitted at a meeting of the officials and busi nessmen of Zamboanga to be held in the Zam boanga Club next Wednesday' afternoon at 5 o'clock, and all interested in the progress and welfare of their city are urged to be present. As outlined in the Herald last week, the Manila Hotel . Company proposes to supply half the capital necessary for the erection and operation of the inn and the Dollar Steamship Lines propose to bring the tourists to Zamboanga. Realizing, however, that such an enterprise could hardly' pay dividends for some time to come if entirely dependent upon the tourist trade, it is intended to make Pasonanca park and inn so attractive that local patronage will pay all running expenses and leave a safe margin of profit. The tourist business will be "velvet”. The bungalow arrangement, with numerous small cottages adjoining or in the immediate vicinity of the main building, will appeal espe Valerio’s as if born to him, was a dreamy herdboy’ when his father and uncle discovered that he hacl a mind good enough to deserve schooling; so he was given to his uncle and put to school in Manila. He sketches with skill, Valerio hopes he may become a painter: he will be given a chance in the fine-arts school. “1 live in Manila in order to have the ad vantage of the best schools,” says Valerio. “It is hard to find money here, but I am doing my best. We don't own our own home now; we did have a house on leased land, rent 1 * 8 a month, but we sold it when we could make P250 clear. Now we wish we hadn't; the new owners get 1 * 40 a month from rooms rented to students, and live there besides. We may buy' in one of the additions, but not until after I do something about the new land; we are saving everything for that and the tailor shop because they' will make us money. We have cut our expenses 50%.” Remember, Valerio is a barber. The Ikugan (Continued from page l/f) utary of the Agusan. Everyone rejoiced as the flotilla sailed out of the harbor. “The king’s marriage to the lovely maiden was celebrated for several days amid great feast ing, after which the king, his bride and the Ikugans passed on over the mountain and were never seen again. The old woman remained in the upper Agusan teaching the new tribes the art of dyeing and weaving. “Some say that the lovely maiden was 7'agabayo, the Goddess of Love, who assumed a human form to aid her brother, Busao, in over coming the war-gods of the Ikugans, who were greatly weakened after her marriage to the Ikugan king. “However that may be, thus it was that all the tribes in the upper and lower Agusan, after being nearly exterminated, once again populated this fertile valley.” The voice of the dancer died away and the slow, explosive boom of the agong commenced once again, gradually growing faster and faster. In like manner, the dancer at first moved solemn ly and with slow deliberation to the rythm of the music; then as it accelerated, he stiffened his body and whirled and leapt with ever-quicken ing movements until at last he fell exhausted. Softly the tribe crept from the dying fire to their tree houses. Sleepy-eyed boys stumbled along beside their parents. Another day would find these youths fighting the battles of the Manobos. cially to the local people, many' of whom will make their homes there; and the golf course, tennis courts, auditorium, swimming pools and other attractions will make the park the recrea tion center of the community, all to the financial benefit of the company' operating the inn. The prospectus prepared by' the committee provides for the organization of a corporation to be called “The Zamboanga Inn and Resort Co.” (or any other name that may’ be chosen). The corporation to have an authorized capital stock of 1 * 200,000, divided into 4,000 shares of 1 * 50 each. At the present time it is proposed to sell not more than 1 * 50,000 of this stock to local people. The Manila Hotel Company will take 1 * 50,000. This will give the company 1 * 100,000 with which to construct and furnish the inn, with an ample surplus for operation and new development. As a cold business proposition the plan should look good to investors, and in providing an ideal place for the local people to live, healthful recreation and entertainment, it cannot be sur passed anywhere in the Orient. The support and cooperation of all elements in Zamboanga is assured.—.Mindanao Herald. It Kills— Malaria Germs MALARIA APPETON is a combination curative and tonic, easily digested, and quickly effective. MALARIA APPETON is composed of quinine, or ganic iron, and arsenical acids, the result of many years of medical research. If your druggist can not supply you, write us. Quinine................... 20 % Fer. Citr. Ammon. 10 % Acid Arsenic.......... 0.5% Cacao and Mass.. 69.5% Distributors BEHN, MEYER & CO., H. Mij. 227 David, Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER^OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 uecemoer, 19Z9 When Japan Shut Herself From The World When the three Portuguese adventurers, under the guidance of their Chinesc-junk captain —without any credentials, and all of doubtful antecedents—first made their appearance, driven by stress of weather, rather than their own good will, to an unknown coast, it proved to be that part of Japan owning the sovereignty of the Prince of Bungo; and we find the Japanese, though vigilant, manifested no reluctance to admit the strangers. They showed them much kindness even, and no obstacle was interposed to a free trade with the inhabitants, in the inter change of such commodities as they had with them. The natives and strangers were ulti mately so well pleased with each other that, by an arrangement with the Prince of Bungo, a Portuguese ship was to be sent annually, ‘laden with woolen cloths, furs, silks, taffetas, and other commodities needed by the Japanese.’ This was the commencement of European intercourse and trade, carrying us back to 1542-5. A few years later, Hansiro, a Japanese noble, fled his country for ‘an act of homicide’ (having run some fellow-subject through the body, no doubt), and took refuge in Goa. There he was converted and baptized. This proved the second link in the chain;for, being enterprising and shrewd, and animated probably with the hot zeal of a new convert, he soon persuaded the merchants of Goa, nothing loth we may imagine, that they might establish a profitable trade with Japan, while to the Jesuit fathers he promised a rich harvest of souls. He obviously preached to willing ears in both direc tions, and foremost among his listeners was the Jesuit apostle of the East, Francis Xavier, who had recently arrived. A ship was forthwith loaded with goods and presents wherewith to commence a permanent trade. For the accomplishment of spiritual objects, Francis Xavier himself embarked with the Japanese refugee, and a number of his order as missionaries. A goodly freight—Jesuit fathers, to win souls—merchants to make money: mer chandise for the people and their carnal wants— presents to propitiate the authorities—all were duly provided; and thus auspiciously began this second chapter. On arriving at Bungo they were received with open arms, and not tlie slightest opposition was made to the introduction of either trade or reli gion. No system of exclusion then existed; and such was the spirit of toleration, that the Govern ment made no objection to the open preaching of Christianity. Indeed, the Portuguese were freely permitted to go where they pleased in the empire, and to travel from one end of it to the The accompanying article is an excerpt from that book now very rare, The Capital of the Tycoon, by Britain’s first represen tative to Japan, Sir Rutherford Alcock, the editor’s copy being a Harper edition of 1863. The article shows how and why Japan was closed to commerce and com munication with the outside world for two centuries, save for the Dutch trading post of Decima, in Nagasaki harbor, where the Dutch lead lives of prisoners and their trade steadily declined. Now, of course, as ever since the international treaties were effected, Japan once again tolerates all religions; there may be 200,000 or 300,000 disciples of the Christian faith in Japan, including eminent men and women, but new creeds affect but little the deep philosophical bent of the country. Next month we shall have Alcock’s vivid description of the plight of the Dutch at Dccima, and in February his account of the manner in which Japan received the Perry treaties. This pre Mei ji period is a most instructive one.—Ed. other. ‘The people freely bought the goods of the traders, and listened to the teachings of the missionaries.’ And a little later we find it said that ‘if the feudal princes were ever at any time ready to quarrel with the merchant, it was because he would not come to their ports'. Passing on ward a few years, we find the Christianity of the Jesuit fathers spreading rapidly and universally; princes and rulers, nobles and plebeians, women and children, of all ranks and in large numbers, embraced the faith. Churches, Hospitals, Con vents, and Schools, were scattered over the country. Intermarriages between the Portu guese and wealthy Japanese were frequent. So little had Christianity to fear from the disposi tion of the governing powers, or the temper of the people, that the only' opposition they en countered in these early years of promise and fruitful labor came from the Bonzes or native priesthood; and they' seem to have been power less. For we read that, feeling their religion and influence discredited by the rapid adoption of a rival and hostile creed, they appealed to the emperor ‘to banish the Jesuit and Romish monks;' and it is related ‘that, annoyed by their impor tunities, he asked them how many' different religions there were in Japan.’ They answered ‘thirty-five.’ ‘Well,’ said the emperor, ‘when thirty-five religions can be tolerated, we can easily bear with thirty'-six: leave the strangers in peace.’ After forty years, the Roman Catholic faith was in such high esteem, and had such undisput ed possession of the field (no Protestant element having at that time appeared on the scene), that a Japanese embassy, composed of three princes, was sent to Rome to Pope Gregory XIII., with letters and valuable presents. Their reception at Rome was not only' magnificent, but their whole progress through Spain and Italy was one continued ovation. ‘A nation of thirty millions of civilized and intelligent people had been won from the heathen!’ Great indeed was the joy and triumph; and this was the culminating point of the Church’s success. In that same hour, while the artillery of St. “From the top of the Desk to the Waste-Basket” New Office Supplies for 1930 With the New Year you will want new supplies for your office. Let us furnish you from our big and modern stocks. Ink Wells Desk Sets Paper Envelopes Writing Fluids Paste Pencils Filing Supplies Blank Books Loose Leaf Systems Manila Gas Corporation Philippine Education Co., Inc. 101-103 Escolta Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 Angelo, answered by the guns of the Vatican, was thundering a welcome to the Japanese am bassadors, an edict had gone forth from the Kubo-sama, or sovereign lord of Japan, banish ing all Catholic missionaries within six months, on pain of death; and ordering all the crosses to be thrown down, and all the churches to be razed to the ground. When the Jesuit Superior, Pire Valignani, returned with the ambassadors, after an absence of eight years (so long had it taken to exchange amenities across distant seas and foreign lands in those days), he found this edict in force, and partially carried out. The old King of Bungo, the great protector of the Jesuits, was dead, his successor ill disposed. All their Christian com munities, schools, and hospitals had been sup pressed, and the missionaries dispersed, expelled, or forced into concealment. There are few more striking examples of the instability of human affairs; and it must have been a cruel blow to Valignani, as the Superior of the Order, so long happy and successful in all his efforts. We enter on the third and last phase of this eventful history. The first edict for the banish ment of the missionaries was published in June, 1587. All that follows is but a narrative of partially interrupted persecutions, the decay of trade, increasing restrictions, and at last the expulsion of all, amid scenes of martyrdom and sweeping destruction. In the year 1635, the Portuguese were shut up in Decima, and onlyallowed to trade there, amidst, it is said, the jeers and derisions of their Dutch rivals. A year or two later, the fall of the last Christian strong-hold, Simabara, battered in breach by the Dutch artillery, under Kockebecker, marked the final catastrophe, and the close of all rela tions but the miserable ones allowed to the Dutch factory, which an avenging Nemesis transferred to the prison bounds of their ruined rivals in Decima. Since that date until recent treaties were signed, no Japanese had been allow ed to leave his island home, nor foreigners to land. All who had been cast on shore, or made the attempt, had either been killed or imprison ed. Great must be the power wielded by the rulers of this strange country, thus, for two cen turies, to succeed in preventing the departure of a single Japanese subject! Yet such appears to be the fact, though before this edict they were enterprising sailors, and, if we may believe the records of the period, not only traded with the Indian archipelago, but even extended their voyages as far as South America. Thus briefly >ve have the whole history of European inter course (for the few attempts made by the British and French to take part were too feeble and inter rupted to be wortny of much note), and two questions press themselves on the attention of all who read. Whence the seemingly sudden and violent change in the policy of the Japanese? And, was it sudden in reality, or of slow and in sidious growth—which only came suddenly upon Europeans, because they blinded them selves to the signs of change and indications of danger, otherwise plainly enough to be dis cerned, had any one looked with clear and intel ligent eye? The accounts of the period are full of details of feuds between the different monastic orders; of the pride, avarice, and overbearing arrogance of the priests; the overreaching and insatiable cupidity of the Portuguese and Spanish mer chants, which latter charges are not even limited to the laymen. But, admitting all these causes to have been in operation, and exercising the influence which belongs to them, it is impossible to doubt that other and more profound causes of distrust and dissatisfaction chiefly moved Taiko-sama, when laying the foundation of his usurped empire, to irreconcilable enmity, direct ed more especially, if not altogether and ex clusively, against the Padres of every order, and their converts. One cause of such enmity lies, indeed, on the surface. The great success of the Jesuits and missiona ries of various monastic orders had been based, in part at least, on the shifting sands of political favor and influence with the feudatory princes in their several territories; a turbulent race, as was the same class in the days of the early French and English kings: not always at peace with each other, and often in league against their Suzerain. One of the most obvious conditions of strength to the latter was the abasement and weakening of the nobles. Taiko-sama, in order to strengthen and render hereditary his sovereign power, necessarily therefore set himself to this task, as did Louis XL, and, later, Richelieu and Louis XIV., in France. Whatever was identified with the Feudal chiefs could not fail to share the fate of an order doomed to destruction or humiliation. While the Jesuit, therefore, sought to promote the objects of his mission by favor of princes and court influence, and, for a time, reaped great fruit therefrom, these same Feudatory princes were looking to force and intrigue to advance their own interests, and uphold their cause against an ambitious and successful general, who had seized the quasi sceptre. That both the princes and their protdgds, the missionaries, should be involved in a common ruin, was in the nature of things to be expected, and indeed inevitable. If one feudatory prince protected Christianity, it was equally open to his successor or rival to attack and persecute it. The spiri tual guide who had put his trust in Princes and the Sword, found all the aid of man impotent to save when the hour of trial and persecution came. They had built upon a mundane foun dation with the aid of sword and buckler, and by the same was their ruin effected. But beneath all this lay other causes, wider and more penetrating, as well as more perma nent in their influence. Another and far more fatal element of destruction had been slowly but surely preparing the way for the final catas trophe from the beginning—undermining the very ground upon which the whole spiritual edifice was built, whether Jesuit or Augustinian, Franciscan or Dominican, Spaniard or Portu guese, fashioned the walls. The determining cause of the downfall and utter destruction of the Roman Church in Japan is to be sought in the pretension to a spiritual supremacy, which is but another name for the monopoly of power, since all that is political or secular must bow to God’s viceregent on earth, who claims the right to bind and to loosen, to absolve subjects of their oath and fealty, and dethrone kings by his edict. This preten sion to supremacy and papal infallibility—to a power as unlimited as it is irresponsible—has been woven into the very texture and fabric of the Church of Rome, and has long been consider ed inseparable from it. The Japanese rulers, who during nearly fifty years successively never relaxed in their policy to extirpate out of the land all trace of the mis sionaries and their teaching, and were deterred by no difficulties, no sacrifice of life or commer cial advantages, and never stopped until their object was finally accomplished, clearly saw that between them and such teachers there could be neither peace nor truce. The two systems were necessarily antagonistic and mutually destructive. The Siogun must veil his power to the higher pretensions of the Pope and the priests; hold it from their hands, liable to be dispossessed at their pleasure, or be engaged in interminable conflict, all the more dangerous that spiritual weapons could be brought to bear, as well as the arm of flesh, by his adver saries of the cowl and rosary. Taiko-sama, a man of no ordinary gifts apparently, who first engaged in a war to the death, and issued the edict of extermination, must indeed have been something more than dull not to have his doubts raised and his worst conclusions verified by the tenor of the letters to the Pope, given by the three Feudal princes to their ambassadors. Hear how they run. Thus writes the Prince of Bungo: ‘To him who ought to be adored and who holds the place of the King of Heaven, the great and very noly Pope’; and, in the body of the letter, he continues in the same strain: ‘Your holiness (who holds the place of God on earth.)’ The King of Arima addressed himself ‘to the very great and holy lord whom I adore, because he holds on earth the place of God himself.’ The Prince of Omara goes, if possible, farther: ‘With hands raised toward heaven, and senti ments of profound admiration, I adore the most holy Pope, who holds the place of God on earth.” With what feelings must Taiko-sama have spelled over these acts of homage to an alien sovereign by three of the leading feudatory princes of the empire, when the death of Nobunanga in 1582, the sovereign friend of the mis sionaries, threw the reins of power into his hands? There is an absurd story told of the Siogun’s jealousy having first been roused by the indiscreet answer of a Spaniard, who, on being asked how his master had managed to possess himself of half the world, replied: ‘He com* menced by sending priests, who win over the people, and, when this is done, his troops are dispatched to join the Christian, and the con quest is easy and complete.’ I say it is absurd, because, in the first place, the account of the process then in vogue is much too near the truth to have been openly told by one of the chief agents; and, next, it was too palpably calculated to lead to the expulsion of the narrator and all his race. Nor was any such plain-spoken traveler needed. Taiko-sama must have been blind not to have seen whither the Church of Rome was tending, and how irreconcilable were its pretensions and his own. Another law than that of the Japanese empire had been introduced, and other Rulers and ad ministrators than those nominated by either Mikado or Siogun (the titular and the effective rulers of Japan) were in full exercise of their functions, claiming from Japanese subjects, once become converts, fealty and implicit obed ience to the Church’s commands—an obedience which might at any time be turned against the authority and rule of the territorial Sovereign. There was nothing very far-fetched in the con clusion, or monstrous in the assumption that such was the tendency of the Church polity. That same sovereign of Spain, whose dominions, Taiko-sama heard, had been extended over half the world by priestly aid, had actually moved the Pope to issue a bull to dethrone the Queen of England in favor of another pretender to the crown, to raise up conspirators among her sub jects, and release them from all oaths or ties of allegiance. This and no other cause, it is impossible to doubt, led to the final expulsion of every Euro pean, the extermination of every Christian convert, and the closing of every port for two centuries. The annihilation of commerce and material interests was merely a necessary con sequence of the close connection that had sub sisted between the professors of religion and the traders, taken in connection with their common nationality. OH, BOLONY! O some aspire To homes up higher Among the angels, With starry crown To sit them down And chant evangels— Now I would not go far For Heaven’s sake, But tramp a continent Or swim a lake For the kind of good bolony like our butcher used to make. For riches some Would give a tome ’Neath desert bow With some girl friend, They count the end Of gain enow— Now 1 would not go far For money’s sake, But tramp a continent Or swim a lake For the kind of good bolony like our butcher used to make. Within the shops Among the chops They have some, yes, But not the kind That’s on my mind And yours, I guess— I surely 'd not go far For such a fake, Nor tramp a continent Nor swim a lake—• Ah, there ain’t no good bolony like our butcher used to moke! —W. R. THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 De i' X X SIXTEEN GLORIOU X X % X X X X X X X £ £ X X X NEW ATTRACTIONS—NEW SHOWS —NEW RI The most complete oriental exposition Japan and the Philippines along comme given the prominence they deserve. The i will be bigger and better than ever—ii will be larger in scope. Private firms’ pa Different in every way! That’s wk . the 1 shows and attractions this Carnival will Manila Carnivals. It will feature spectact tional and thrilling. The nightly balls in the Auditorium—to be setting, dazzling in brilliancy and splendor II FROM FEBRUARY 15 1930 CAR BUY STOCKHOLDERS You will save money at the same time that you enjoy the thrills of w Subscribe now to the many privileges accorded stockholders., See, wri xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx: RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL I December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 US DAYS OF FUN xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx £ % X I X X I X g X RIDES—NEW THRILLS—NEW FEATURES ion in which the progress of China, •mercial and industrial lines will be tie insular and provincial participations — in line with the whole fair, which participation will also be in evidence. X X X >the 1930 Carnival will be. In side1 will be epochal in the history of )ectacular exhibitions that are sensa-to be held under the most gorgeous ndor—will be the Mecca of fun seekers. iRNIVAL MARCH INDUSTRIAL FAIR RS’ PRIVILEGES— ills of what is destined to be the greatest show in the Far East See, write or phone the Secretary-Treasurer about this! NOW! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL '2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 Origins of the Roman Catholic Church GIBBON—(Continued from November) The Journal is publishing a few pages of Gibbon because the authentic origins jf the faith that undertook the indefatigable task of evangelizing the Orient, suc ceeding in the Philippines and barely failing in Japan, are no doubt of general, if Casual, interest in these Islands.—Ed. VII. It is the undoubted right of every society i to exclude from its communion and benefits ,'such among its members as reject or violate :those regulations which have been established ;by general consent. In the exercise of this 1 vower the censures of the Christian church were [ hiefly directed against scandalous sinners, and >articularly those who were guilty of murder, >f fraud, or of incontinence; against the authors jr the followers of any heretical opinions which had been condemned by the judgment of the episcopal order; and against those unhappy (persons who, whether from choice or from com pulsion, had polluted themselves after their baptism by any act of idolatrous worship. The consequences of excommunication were of a temporal as well as a spiritual nature. The Christian against whom it was pronounced was deprived of any part in the oblations of the faithful. The ties both of religious and of pri vate friendship were dissolved: he found himself a profane object of abhorrence to the persons whom he the most esteemed, or by whom he had been the most tenderly beloved; and as far as an expulsion from a respectable society could .imprint on his character a mark of disgrace, he •was shunned or suspected by the generality of mankind. The situation of these unfortunate ;xiles was in itself very painful and melancholy; but, as it usually happens, their apprehensions far exceeded their sufferings. The benefits of the Christian communion were those of eternal life; nor could they erase from their minds the awful opinion that to those ecclesiastical gov ernors by whom they were condemned the Deity had committed the keys of Hell and of Paradise. The heretics, indeed, who might be supported by the consciousness of their intentions, and by the flattering hope that they alone had discover ed the true path of salvation, endeavored to regain, in their separate assemblies, those com forts, temporal as well as spiritual, which they no longer derived from the great society of Christians. But almost all those who had reluc tantly yielded to the power of vice or idolatry were sensible of their fallen condition, and anxiously desirous of being restored to the bene fits of the Christian communion. With regard to the treatment of these pen itents, two opposite opinions, the one of justice, the other of mercy, divided the primitive church. The more rigid and inflexible casuists refused them forever, and without exception, the mean est place in the holy community which they had disgraced or deserted; and leaving them to the remorse of a guilty conscience, indulged them only with a faint ray of hope that the contrition of their life and death might possibly be accepted by the Supreme Being. A milder sentiment was embraced, in practice as well as in theory, by the purest and most respectable of the Christian churches. The gates of reconciliation and of heaven were seldom shut against the returning penitent; but a severe and solemn form of dis pline was instituted, which, while it served to expiate his crime, might powerfully deter the spectators from the imitation of his example. Humbled by a public confession, emaciated by fasting, and clothed in sackcloth, the penitent lay prostrate at the door of the assembly, imploring with tears the pardon of his offences, and solicit ing the prayers of the faithful. If the fault was of a very heinous nature, whole years of penance were esteemed an inadequate satisfaction to the divine justice; and it was always by slow and painful gradations that the sinner, the heretic, or the apostate, was readmitted into the bosom of the church. A sentence of perpetual excom munication was, however, reserved for some crimes of an extraordinary magnitude, and par ticularly for the inexcusable relapses of those penitents who had already experienced and abused the clemency of their ecclesiastical supe riors. According to the circumstances or the number of the guilty, the exercise of the Chris tian discipline was varied by the discretion of the bishops. The councils of Ancyra and Illiberis were held about the same time, the one in Galatia, the other in Spain; but their respective canons, which are still extant, seem to breathe a very different spirit. The Galatian, who after his baptism had repeatedly sacrificed to idols, might obtain his pardon by a penance of seven years; and if he had seduced others to imitate his example, only three years more were added to the term of his exile. But the unhappy Spaniard who had committed the same offence INSULAR LUMBER COMPANY Owners and Operators of Sawmills—Planing Mills—Dry Kilns— Box Factory At Fabrica, Occidental Negros, P. I. Production—52 Million Board Feet Annually Manufacturers, Exporters, and Dealers i n Bandsawn Lumber Tanguile Red and White Lauan Almon Apitong Complete Stock of All Sizes Always on Hand, Including Flooring — Ceiling — Siding — Interior Trim — Box Shooks Kiln-dried or Air-dried Manila Office: P. V. O. Building Calle Pureza Cable Address: “ILCO,” Manila Mill Office: Fabrica Occidental Negros P. I. was deprived of the hope of reconciliation, even in the article of death; and his idolatry was placed at the head of a list of seventeen other crimes, against which a sentence no less terrible was pronounced. Among these we may distin guish the inexpiable guilt of calumniating a bishop, a presbyter, or even a deacon. The well-tempered mixture of liberality and rigor, the judicious dispensation of rewards and punishments, according to the maxims of policy as well as justice, constituted the human strength of the church. The Bishops, whose paternal care extended itself to the government of both worlds, were sensible of the importance of these prerogatives; and, covering their ambi tion with the fair pretence of the love of order, they were jealous of any rival in the exercise of a discipline so necessary to prevent the desertion of those troops which had enlisted themselves under the banner of the cross, and whose num bers every day became more considerable. From the imperious declamations of Cyprian we (Please turn to page til col. 2) U.S.A. Office: Atlantic Building Philadelphia, Pa. Cable Address: “ILCO.” PhiladelphiaIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL xjec&Rttrrtfi# I HE AM^KIATrffrEHAM BE KT IJECUMIfrEltCE JOURNAL 23 Haphazard Studies in the English Language (Continued from November) of likely or apt, and these words should be used instead of “calculated,” the sense of which is “adjusting means to an end, com puting, reckoning, projecting.” When used in the sense of devised or adapt ed, “calculated” is permissible, as in “His speech was calculated to avoid trouble.” Eminent writers like Goldsmith and Cobbett have at times used “calculated” for “likely” or “suited,” though such use is generally deprecated. caliber. Should not be used with the adjectives high, low, etc. Caliber being the inside measure of a cavity, as a gunbarrel, it can be modified only by adjectives expressing ex pansion. “An essay or poem of higher ca liber” is ridiculous. The writer of such a sentence might as well speak of a broader altitude, a thinner circumference, or a bulkier bursted. Should never be used. The past tense and past participle of the verb “to burst” is “burst.” Say, “The gun burst,” not “burst ed,” and of course avoid the vulgarism “bust ed.” “He burst in upon them,” “The balloon has burst at last,” are correct. There is no such form as "bursted,” save in the mouths of ignorant speakers. bum. This is a slang word which is too coarse for refined usage, and yet it has become so generally employed—“He’s a bum. “A bum job,” “I feel bum,” that it will be difficult to correct it. but. Misused in many ways. For instance: "I do not doubt but, or but that” should be “I do not doubt that,” “I should not wonder but,” should be “wonder if.” “Doubt but that” is a common error. The “but” should be omitted. “Bul is incorrect after “no sooner,” which should be followed by “than.” A similar rule should be observed with regard to “no other.” Say “no other than she,” not “no other but sne.” After the verb fear, “but that” is frequently permissible, as in "I have no fear but that he will speak,” signifying certainty that he will speak, which can be equally well expressed by “I have no fear that he will not speak.” but what. Correctly used in “I read nothing but what I enjoy.” but often misused for “but that,” in sentences like “She would not believe but what I did it.” “I have no doubt but what” is always wrong, and should be “I have no doubt that.” but yet. Improperly used when either “but” or “yet” would convey the meaning intended, by. Frequently misused for with, from, and for. It is properly used before an agent or doer, “with” should precede the instrument or means; thus, “He was struck by his as sailant with a knife.” “Her hat was adorned by feathers,” should be "with feathers.” When the New York Times spoke of “a gentleman by the name of Hinkley,” a New York Sun purist remarked: “Oh, no! You mean, 'a gentleman of the name of Hinkley.’ This is English, you know.” But we easily may know a man of the name of Hinkley “by” the name o£ Smith. He may rejoice in an alias, or we may have been mistaken in his name. "A gentleman named Hinkley” would have rendered criticism unnecessary. by, bye. The preposition and the adverb are invariably “by,” but the noun may be spelled “bye.” We may use either form in “by the by (e),” where the last word is the noun, but in the adverbial phrase “by and by,” only the shorter “by” is permissible. range. “Larger, or greater, caliber” is cor rect. can. Often misused for may. When a boy says, “Can I eat an apple?” the question is un necessary. Of course he “can.” He means to ask “May I eat an apple?” “Can” denotes possibility; “may” liberty and probability. He who has sound limbs can walk, but he may not walk on the grass when signs forbid. canine. This word means like a dog, or pertain ing to a dog, but is commonly misused for the word dog. It is preferably accented on the last syllable, kanine', long i. carbine. Pronounced kar'bine with long i; not kar'been or kar'bin. card. Mispronounced kyard; should be kard. “We have heard,” says William Henry P. Phyfe, “that this affectation thrives especially in young ladies’ schools, and in the circles of the would-be elegant.” carry. See bring. (To be continued) When You Go Xmas Shopping/ Buy From BECK'S and Get Premium ‘Coupons c cab. Thia has become a perfectly good word, although when first taken from the word cabriolet, it was considered slang of the most common variety. cabaret. Pronounced ka-ba-ray—first two a’s as in fast, last a long; be sure to make three syllables of this word, with a very slight accent on the second one. cada'ver. Pronounced ka-da'ver (long a), not ka-dav'er. cafe. Pronounced ka-fay—first a as in fast, last a long. Cairo. The name of the Egyptian capital is pronounced ki'ro (long i); the Cairo in Illinois is called ka'ro (long a). calamity. Should not be misused for “loss”. A calamity is a great disaster or misfortune, calculate. Often misused for think, suppose, believe, expect, or intend. “I calculate to go home,” should be, “I intend, or expect, to go home.” By "I calculate you are right,” the uneducated speaker means "I suppose, or believe, you are right.” A very common misuse of “calculated” prevails among people who pride themselves on their correct English but say: “His no mination is calculated to lose votes for the ticket.” The meaning to be conveyed is that TT THEN you buy things at ’ Beck’s Department Store on the Escolta, 10$ of what you pay comes back to you in Premium Coupons with which you can purchase other things; and you can save your coupons until they will get free for you (with out any money) whatever you select in our Premium Catalog— a fine bed, a beautiful reading lamp, an exquisite toilet set, a set of dishes—anything! BECK’S ESCOLTA IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN'^AMBER OF CoMMERUlTfU URi^AL UeCemBer, i9zy Sunset By G. V. Hurley A dead man on Culion, waAehing the sunset, His name had been Bob SJ * "^when he was alive, but now that he is dead he has no name. He sits alone, on the tiny veranda of the cottage they have allotted him, watching the smoke of the passing steamers that belong to another world than his. Few people come to Culion; those that do, transact their business quickly and depart with haste; Culion is the leper colony of the Philippines. A bit of verdant foliage and white sand, set down north of Palawan, in a blue tropical sea. To the casual eye it is a very beautiful place. It might be paradise: it isn’t. It is a green mausoleum, the abode of the ani mated dead. A place of only two tenses, the present and the past—there is no future there. Walking ghosts inhabit Culion, men who have disappeared from all that makes life worth the living, as completely as if they had never existed. The summer of 1922 recalls to me a time when Bob had been alive. There were rumors of a gold strike in the Cotobato country back of Kiamba, and Bob and I, free lance geologists in Manila, were among the first in the field. We had both come out of the same school back home and casual friendship over there had ripened into intimacy during our three-year association in the islands. There wasn’t much foundation for the gold rumor. It seems that a Moro had brought some chickens into the public market at Cotobato and their craws had assayed about eight pesos in rough gold. When questioned as to where the chickens came from, the native had waved vaguely towards the hill country. Sapalow—in the mountains. It was enough to start us. “We’ve as much chance of finding this place as the chickens had,” said Bob, characteristically. “Let’s go, Bill, we need the money. I would like to bring Mildred over here and this chicken feed would help.” We had both laughed at the wisecrack. So after we had got an outfit together and Bob had written a long letter to Mildred, we shoved off, down into Cotobato after gold. Three months later we were pecking rocks and panning gravel, sixty miles from the coast, in the interior of Mindanao. Have you ever tried to find the fabled needle in the haystack? That was the proposition that we went against. Mindanao is a vast place, a great, black, silent land of cogon grass, higher than a man’s head; of wet jungle, swift running rivers, towering cliffs, and over all, a sun that scorches down every day in the year. As I look back now, I can see how small our percentage was, but we stayed on, always looking for the gold that we knew was there. Hacking and scratching at the surface of a land that presented every possible natural handicap—never breaking through to pay dirt. Every night, around our little fire, Bob used to bring out Mildred’s picture. “Taking my tonic,” he always explained. And I guess it was a tonic to him, sitting there looking at her pic ture with the rain dripping from his soggy hel met. Never having felt so, I could only envy Bob and his Mildred. She was a great help, and it was too bad that things turned out as they did, for all the time Bob was getting closer and closer to the thing that was to make all thought of Mildred an impossibility. Some things need explaining very badly, for there were so many other ways; better ways, that Bob might have died on that trip, rather than the way he did. It would have been so easy for him to have laid his hand on one of the little deadly tree snakes, always hanging on the ends of the limbs over head. A python might have dropped silently from above and satisfactorily ended the whole affair. One of the great cobras of interior Min danao might have resented Bob’s careless foot. But none of these things happened, and we push ed on and on, tracing the beds of unnamed rivers, examining our little bits of stone. All the while biting a path through the feverish jungle with our barongs. It was man's work, in 106 degrees of heat. It was late in September when we took council in our camp, high in the hills overlook ing the trail to Buluan lake. We decided, over our rice and dried fish, to give up the search and return to Manila via Cotobato. A week later found us well on our way, tning, in a driving rain, to cross a swollen river near the lake. Our heavily laden pack animal fell in the swift cur rent, and before we could get the struggling sapie to it’s feet, our blankets and provisions were all swept away. There was a Moro vil lage by the river, a few straggling houses of nipa and bamboo, and we made our bedraggled way to the nearest hut, which happened to be desert ed. We had hardly more than unstrapped our guns when a Moro woman came running across the caingin. Wahlay malad; wahlay malad; she shrieked, gesturing wildly and following with a torrent of words that neither of us could under stand. Bob paused in the act of removing his wet helmet. “Wahlay malad—dangerous house. I don’t see anything the matter with it, do you, Bill? I wouldn’t care to ride a typhoon out in it, seems a bit wobbly on its pins, but it’s dry and that’s most important just now.” I turned to the frightened woman and ex plained in my insufficient Moro that it would do, and she left, shaking her head and rolling fright ened eyes. I was too accustomed to the native legends and belief in witchcraft to comment much on the woman’s actions. “There is prob ably a devil in that baletc tree, Bob,” I said, pointing to the huge, gnarled, parasitic growth swaying in the rain. We promptly forgot the Moro woman and her wahlay malad. We had bananas and dried fish for supper, sold to us with reluctance by the woman across the clearing, who showed a marked desire to keep away from us now that we had decided to stay. After supper, Bob, rustling in a dark corner, emerged triumphant, with a battered sarong left by the previous occupant. “Allah is great!” he laughed. “Tonight wc sleep in Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Built by Filipino Craftsmen ODHE NEWEST Styles are A now ready for the Holi days—handsome, comfortable and reasonably priced. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions HIKE SHOE FACTORY STYLE CREATORS 286 SAN MARCELINO MANILA, P. I. SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 state, Bill, wrapped in the sarong of some, pious Mohammedan." “Not me," I replied, ' loo buggy -my rain So, Bob in the sarong and I in my rain coat, we stretched out for a long, cold night. We finally went, to sleep to the monotonous beat of the agongs across the way, and the droning of the rain on t he tdpa roof. We had been back in Manila for two or three months, maybe longer, enjoying the shows, catching up on a bit of back eating and the like, when I was called to Camarincs Norte to exa mine a property. The day before I left I had suggested a farewell game of golf to Bob, but he had begged off on the ground of a peculiar numbness in his right hand. “Must have ac quired a touch of rheumatism in Cotobato,” he said, “notice how it’s drawn my little finger?” He had held up his hand for me to see, and it was all twisted and contracted out of shape.” “We’ll have the game when you come back, Bill.” But we never did. The job took a little longer than I had ex pected. When I did get back to Manila, Bob was gone and his letter, three months’ old, was waiting for me. He had written— Improving Buntal Fiber and Buntal Articles By Salvador del Mundo* “Dear Bill: “I went to see the Doc about my hand shortly after you left, and Bill—the Moro woman was right. It was a wahlay malad we stayed in that night. If we could have understood her, we would have pushed on, regardless of the rain. I’ve got it, Bill * * * and I’m off to Culion. “It was that damned sarong that did it. Thank God you didn’t take my suggestion and roll in with me! And now, Bill, I’m depending on you to carry out a little last favor for me. Mildred must never know about this. “I’ve thought it all out carefully and decid ed that it is best that 1 should be dead. Much better for her to think me dead than to be a living horror to her. I am dead anyway, Bill, for all practical purposes, so it will only be a white lie that you tell her, quite justifi able. With me incarcerated over here alive, I would be a bar to her future happiness, anil even if I got well there would always be that doubt that neither of us could dispel. “You can handle it, Bill, I’m banking on you. And now all hail and farewell. Ave Caesar, moriluri te salutamus. The boatman is waiting to feriy me over the Styx, and I mus’nt keep him waiting. It’s sunset, Bill, and I’ll soon be alone in the dark. So long! —Bob.”' In due time, because it was best, I told Mil dred how Bob had died in central Mindanao, in eight minutes, from the bite of a dahley-poo, a cobra—with her picture in his hand and her name on pale lips. It was almost six years ago. Mildred is married now. I have been around the world and back again, every playe except the islands. Never there. Sometimes Bob’s little nurse must come to him, as he sits watching the sun go down. “The doctor says that you are better, much better, and maybe, some day * * But Bob only smiles—the gray smile of a man who has seen his world tumble about his ears, the smile of a man for whom there is no tomor row, the smile of a man dead among the lixing dead—watching the sunset. the Bureau of Science receives many requests for information in regard to a comparatively inexpensive process for improving the appearance of buntal fiber, not only from various local hat dealers and commercial houses exporting native hats and fiber, but also from private parties. Information that may be valuable to the various people who are interested in the subject is given in this paper. Buntal is the name given to the flexible mate rial obtained from the fibrous bundles of the petiole of the matured leaf of buri palm, Corypha elata. When recently and properly' pulled from the petiole, these fibers are white and glossy, but when exposed to air and light they' become discolored and acquire an ugly' brownish tint. The fiber is extensively woven into baskets, handbags, and similar household articles of Fast Drivers: Oil, Which Lasts Longest At High Speed, Lubricates Best! the commercial value, but by far its most important industrial application is in the making of hats which are sold under the name of buntal Baliuag or Lucban, accordingly' as the hats have been made in Baliuag, Bulacan, or in Lucban, Tayabas. Buntal hats have met with favorable reception in foreign countries and the demand has created a profitable home industry. By request of local firms engaged in exporting native hats, experiments were performed in this labo ratory with a view of evolving a comparatively' cheap process of improving the appearance of buntal fiber or hats. In evolving the process outlined below, it was not the primary' object to produce a p erfect bleach such as may be accomplished with the use of more powerful bleaching agents, sodium ★Philippine Journal of Science. Thousands of kilometers of speedway tests have shown that the New Mobiloil stands up better and lasts longer at high speeds than other oils. So we can confidently say: The New Mobiloil can keep the first-year feel in your engine for at least 50,000 kilometers — whatever your speed. VACUUM OIL COMPANY Tropical Landscape Architecture (•Continued from p. 1.1) is universal. It is true that many of the best effects are obtained by grouping together plants from many countries and climes, but it is also true that many plants which would l»e an ornament to any gar den are passed by unnoticed because they are wild and common. Such ornamental native plants are particularly desirable because they are already adapted to the climate and are usually easy' of culture, not to mention that they usually' improve in attractiveness under cultiva tion. NEW IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOUKNAL December, 1929 peroxide for example. Rather, certain desirable features were borne in mind and duly incor porated in the method; namely, the relative low cost of materials required, the absence of any injurious effect on buntal fiber, and the relative ease of manipulation involved. The present process was tried and thoroughly tested with a number of Baliuag and Lucban hats, and the results obtained were satisfactory even when the operator was inexperienced in the art of bleaching. METHOD Materials.—Two solutions are required, a bleaching agent to be designated as solution 1, and a decolorizing bath designated as solution 2. Solution 1: Parts Commercial potassium permanCommercial sodium carbonate (dry)......................................... 2 Water........................................... 1,000 Preparation.—Measure out the required quan tity of water. Add the solid ingredients a few portions at a time, stirring briskly to aid in dissolving the solid particles. To secure a homogeneous solution, continue stirring for 6ome time after the complete solution of the solid chemicals. Solution 2: Parts Hypo (sodium thiosulphate).. . . 20 Water.............. ...... 1,000 Dilute sulphuric acid sufficient to render acid. Note: Acidify solution 2 when it is ready for use. Preparation.—Pour the weighed amount of hypo into the measured quantity of water, a little at a time and with constant agitation. When all the hypo has dissolved, pour in about 2 cubic centimeters of commercial sulphuric acid for each liter of hypo solution. An excess of acid should be avoided. Stir. Note the evolution of a peculiar, pungent odor in the acidified hypo solution. The gas which causes this odor effects decolorization, and the absence of odor would tend to indicate that solution 2 is weak, in which case more acid should be added. Solution 2 becomes milky white in time on account of precipitated sulphur, but the turbidity is harmless and should cause no alarm. PROCEDURE Immerse the fiber or hats in solution 1; keep them there until they acquire a dark brown stain due to permanganate. The longer the hats are kept in solution 1, the better the bleach obtained. On the other hand, more time is required to decolorize the permanganate stain with solution 2. A little practice will enable one to determine when to remove the hats from solution 1. A bleach is usually secured after an immersion of from one to two hours. A somewhat longer period is required when the solutions become weak. Solution 1 may be used repeatedly until it fails to stain the immersed hats to the required tint; when, of course, the solution may be strengthened by the addition of some crystals of potassium permanganate. A badly spent solution should be discarded. When the immersed hats have become suffi ciently darkened by exposure to permanganate remove them from solution 1. Rinse well with water to remove the excess of permanganate and transfer to solution 2. Keep the hats in solution 2 (with occasional shaking) until the brown stain acquired from the previous treatment is completely decolorized. If decolorization proceeds rather too slowly, a few more drops of acid should be added to solution 2. Too much acid should be avoided as it is detrimental to the fiber. Slow decolo rization is commendable as it imparts a glossy finish to the bleached surface. When the stained hats have become completely decolorized, re move them from solution 2, and wash them well with water (running water preferred). If a piece of blue litmus paper is available, test for complete removal of residual acidity. The hats may now be set out to dry. When solution 2 becomes too weak from con tinuous use or from prolonged standing, it often happens that the stains produced by the previous immersion in solution 1 are removed only with considerable difficult y or, in some cases, the stains are not removed at all; much, of course, to the alarm of the operator. Should this happen, a simple remedy lies in regenerating solution 2 by the addition of a few more drops of acid, or should it be feared to introduce too large an excess of acid, a freshly prepared solution should be secured. Potassium permanganate is the only expensive chemical used in this process, but the amount of it required is so small as to make the expense A Glorious Thing! Always the life of Cocktail— the Party! A Gordon And then— you want Speaking of highballs, of course ROBERTSON The knowing know! Kuenzle & Streiff, Inc. LIQUOR DEALERS Manila, P. I. 343 T. Pinpin Tel. 2-39-36 from this source no drawback at all. Sodium carbonate is used to give solution 1 an alkaline reaction. It serves as a detergent for greasy material which may adhere to the fiber surface and hinder the bleaching action of permanganate. Sodium carbonate as well as hypo may be secured from any druggist at a low cost. Very little attention is required by the method outlined above. After the hats have been dumped into the bleaching or decolorizing baths, all the attention required is occasional shaking and stirring. The procedure should cause no trouble even in the hands of beginners and in experienced operators. Roughing It In Russia By Junius B. Wood Pulozero, U. S. S. R., March 8.—“Sit down and have tea, it will take a few minutes to get the reindeer,” said the hospitable young pres ident of the village executive committee. I was stamping my snow covered shoes inside his door. It was 3:30 p. m. and already dark. The “few minutes” eventually developed into six hours. A telegram had been sent ahead asking him to provide a reindeer team to go to Lovozero. A village president arranges all such details in Soviet Russia. Also in Soviet Russia time means nothing and a true Russian is never expected to keep an appointment until he arrives. The surprised young man explained that he had received the telegram but was not sure we were coming. He sent a boy out for the reindeer and another muffled, cheerful young ster led us down the village road to call on the school. teacher. Three little boys, a local version of a comic strip, were in the school master’s yard. Visitors were a novelty but they were not abashed. Russian children seldom are. They grabbed my hands and started tugging toward the door which one had opened. As eyes became ac customed to the darkness, it was disclosed that the predominating odor in the kitchen came from a fat ewe and a lamb in a corner. A woman and baby came from a bedroom and the pedagogue in felt boots and furs tramped in from the barn. “Come and look at the schoolroom, twentyfour pupils of all nationalities,” was his first remark, proud of the little classroom. “Have seven boys myself, like little steps, three oldest in school in Murmansk. Sit A Proud down,” as we moved into School Master another room, “tea will be ready in a minute. This is your room, live right here as long as you are in the village.” The hospitality was appreciated but we ex plained that we were leaving in a few minutes. He laughed heartily. “Not a few minutes, not in three hours,” he insisted. “The deer are out feeding and must be lassoed and brought in. The village soviet meets this evening. I’m secretary, and you can start after the meeting.” So we had tea and black bread, emptied our half bottle of vodka and walked back to the president’s little house. His comely young wife brewed more tea and while she ate sun flower seeds, his mother crocheted lace and local gossips sat on the floor and talked, we spread our food on the family table and ate. Getting impatient would not catch any reindeer. Anyway, the teacher had explained that Lapp drivers insist on traveling at night. “How about wolves?” “Oh, never mind them—” he was not making the trip. “I heard an American was in the village so came over,” a wizened, wiry veteran explained from his seat on the floor. “I Use Tobacco know he’ll give me some good Substitutes tobacco,” he unblushingly ad ded. “Of course,” I agreed. Before I could get a hand into my pocket, his pipe was knocked empty on the floor. When a paper sack of “makhorka” emerged, he was struck dumb but the others roared. Makhorka IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL, 27 is not tobacco, but a pungent ground root whose smoke smells to heaven. “Even my makhorka is better than that,” he sadly complained, picking up the still glow ing embers and stuffing them back in his pipe. At 9 o’clock, lights were out in the houses but the village soviet was still in session. We walked over and it adjourned, everybody being invited to the president’s for tea. That we should not freeze on the ride was the chief topic of discussion. The Lapp driver appeared with three pairs of hip-length reindeer boots and three malitza. A malitza is a hooded, buttonless coat with the fur outside. Arctic explorers usually are photographed in them. They are worn over all other overcoats and caps and are the most uncomfortable garment ever invented. The entire village was assembled to assist in the departure. All gave advice, and a novice needed considerable, as more adjustments were necessary than merely sitting on the sled. The teacher as secretary of the soviet Guide with quoted the bottom prices for Long Pole sledding. The reindeer with a night’s hard pulling ahead of them stood dejectedly uninterested, the Lapp driver agreed. The Lost Martina—A Legend of Negros By Percy A. Hill Some time prior to the year 1668 Datu Manuel, baptized a Christian by sandalled friars, emig rated from the well-populated island of Cebu to Bago on the island now called Negros, in those days still largely peopled by wooly-haired aborigines ruled by Bornean chieftains. To the scattered coastal settlement of Bago, Manuel brought his barangay, consisting of his wife and married children, a large number of relatives, his servants and slaves, increasing considerably the original population of seven hundred. In the datu's household, as the legend goes, was a handsome girl, baptized Martina, whose mother was Manuel’s niece, and whose father Holding the twenty-foot pole which serves both as whip and reins, aloft like a medieval knight charging into battle, the squat driver stepped nimbly to the front sled, chirped like a bird, prodded the lead deer, the leather traces jerked taut and we were off. We bumped over the railroad tracks, two lines of black in the snow, swung in a circle toward the east and quicker than it can be told were in a silent, trackless, empty world of white. On the front sled was a young communist from Murmansk, a pleasant earnest youth, sent to carry the party gospel to the younger genera tion in the little arctic village which was our destination. So, in other ages and in other climes, many have rode forth as missionaries to spread other gospels. In time even the rough, hard floor of the sled became softer. Lulled by the cold, the soft crunch of runners on the snow and the rhyth mic click-click-click of reindeer feet, I dozed. Perhaps it was for a minute, or perhaps for an hour. I suddenly awoke to find myself buried in fom- feet of snow. My half-conscious shout as I rolled off had reached the driver and the sleds had stopped. Evidently Lapland sleds are not built for sleeping. was reputed to be a Spaniard of Cebu. One glance at her was sufficient to confirm the fact that the blood and beauty of both races were her birthright. She was modest and retiring, with a sweet low voice, which virtues brought many suitors for her hand to the old man’s doorstep. However eligible the young men were, their suits were unsuccessful, for Manuel had long cherished the plan of marrying her to the son of an old comrade, who like himself had emigrated from Cebu to Ilo not far from Bago. Since Martina showed not the least inclination for the datu’s choice, and after each visit to his old friend had returned sad and downcast, there had been delay in bringing the young people together. Rumor had it that she looked with favor on the son of one of the Bago chieftains who possessed large fisheries there, but neither he nor his father dared to make proposals for the hand of the girl refused to so many, and so their romance had come to an impasse. As the month of April began, Manuel decided not to wait longer, and set off with his ward carrying her down the coast to be married to the son of his friend, regardless of her wishes. It had never been customary to secure a girl’s consent to marriage, so why should he not carry out his plans? The moon half shadowed by clouds dimly lighted the way of the barangay. In the center of the craft a negrito slave played a plaintive air on his nose flute, and now and then the rowers broke into the sad refrain of Malay paddlers, a song as old as the race. Streaks of vivid phos phorescence marked the trail of a shark in pursuit'of prey. The barangay was about half way between Bago and Ilo, which they expected to reach at dawn. Underneath the thatched roof the women reclined, among them the girl Mar tina brooding mournfully, clad like the others in a short jacket and skirt of Chinese silk, with the ornaments of her rank. Suddenly, as if she had made a decision, she rose and, silently pas sing the paddlers, approached the stern of the boat where she poised herself a moment, then dived into the sea. Instantly confusion reigned. As the paddlers stopped the boat, the cries of the girl’s mother mingled with the datu’s commands. Several of the crew were ordered overboard to attempt a rescue, but Martina had completely disappeared, and the proximity of sharks together with the 6emi-obscunty of the night rendered prolonged search hopeless, for the girl’s body did not come to the surface. After some time had passed, and the swimmers were on board again, it was decided that nothing could be done, and the barangay turned back in the direction of Bago. On the melancholy return there was consider able talk of the tragedy. The women quite audibly expressed their grief, and the men, THE WHITE EMPRESS OF THE PACIFIC EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF CANADA EMPRESS OF RUSSIA 16900 tons 21500 tons 16800 tons To CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE QUICKEST TIME ACROSS THE PACIFIC CANADIAN PACIFIC STEAMSHIPS 14-16 CALLE DAVID MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 including the data, asked each other innumer-?| ’ able questions. They were bewildered by the' suddenness and completeness of the disappear-! ance. They had been close to some very small; uninhabited islands, and some declared she might have swam there for refuge; others thought that if she had been seized by a shark she might have vanished into those jaws of death; while a few others stoutly maintained that some suitor had decoyed her from the barangay and made ; off with her. As the discussion grew more, heated, the incident became more of a mystery? Arrived in Bago they related so many different versions of the incident that the disappointed suitors, who were numerous, claimed the datu had made away with the girl because of her i disobedience to his wishes. Despite the old man’s protests he was imprisoned by the Bornean i chief, Matalas, upon the young men’s complaints. A few days later, shocked by the charges and saddened by Martina’s disappearance, the aged datu Manuel died. Thereupon his wife who was convinced of her husband’s innocence, under-J took the task of clearing his good name by solving the mystery. Together with the distracted mother of the lost girl and a small retinue, the datu’s wife, i When Telegraphing Use The Radiogram Route •< WORLD IDE IRELESS RADIO CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 9 PLAZA MORAGA I 2-26-01 Phones: 2-26-02 Always Open | 2-26-03 1 Maria, set out down the coast for the settlement of the Mamaylaos (now called Himamaylan), where a kindly Spanish friar labored among the natives. She related the occurrence to the good father who comforted her with assurances of her husband’s innocence, saying that the girl prefer red death to an unsought marriage. Maria was not content merely with the friar's declaration that innocence would prevail ever calumny, but wished a more direct sign which would convince the people of Bago. She de cided to consult an old native whom s'.ie had heard the Mamaylaos, with whom she lodged, mention. They told her that back in the hills there lived an old bailan or kataloman, a wizard, named Ino, who had the gift of second sight and had solved many mysteries for oth'.'s. Ac companied by her slaves, bearing gifts, she sought old Ino in his rude shelter on the edge of an abandoned forest caingin, or clearing. It was a hot, dank place, with only the chirp of birds and the hum of insect life breaking the silence. The ancient kataloman’s grizzled locks bore witness to his aborigin blood, and hu false switches of yellow abaca, the rice-straw fan and his carved bamboo proclaimed him a priest if the primitive Malay religion. The datu’s wife told her story, and the wizard ruminated a few moments, then gravely informed her that he would try to discover the fate of the girl, though nothing could be done until the full moon appeared. Maria and Martina’s mother waited while the old native went about his preparations for the incantation. From the jungle he collected shrubs and plants, among them the teo-teo, which when treated with the oil of certain insects he claimed had the power to attract sharks and other large fish. He also filled a bamboo basket with small aromatic flowers of a jungle tree, which wilted as soon as they were gathered. He declared that when these flowers were submerged they would freshen if the corpse was found. A bundle of dried shrubs was taken along, as a last resort, the old man said, in case everything else failed. Guided by a mamaylao, at last the women returned to Bago over the forest trails, and equipping a light barangay, sailed down the coast to the spot where the tragedy had taken place. They were accompanied by Martina’s mother’s two younger brothers, skillful and determined men. At a point below the town of Bago they were joined by the wizard Ino, who paddled out on a raft of logs to meet them. They arrived at the spot where the girl had been lost about sunset, but Ino told them that nothing could be done until the exact hour of Martina’s disappearance. They threw out an anchor and waited in silence. The water was clear, and only about thirty or forty feet deep, the sea palm, the sides unclouded, and the rising moon clear and brilliant. At last it was the hour they had awaited. The wizard threw overboard the prepared shrubs of teo-teo to attract the sharks in the vicinity, at the same time intoning a low monotonous incantation. At first nothing happened, but in half an hour the waters close by were agitated by the swimming of large fish; phosphorescent streaks were visible and air bubbles rose to the surface. “Some of these are man-eating sharks,” whispered the wizard. “I will give the order to kill the first that approaches near enough, so prepare your harpoon-spears and be ready.” But in spite of the magical teo-teo shrubs none of the sharks came close enough to be harpooned, and in an hour they all had disap peared, leaving the sea’s surface as calm as when they had first appeared. Martina’s young uncles were disappointed at having missed the shark, but at least this much of the mystery had been cleared up: the ancient opined that the girl had not been seized by a shark. Ino then took up the basket of wilted white flowers, covered the top with a bamboo mesh work, and tying a stone to it, lowered it over board, holding fast to a stout cord of abaca, as the basket disappeared in the water’s depths. After a half hour’s submersion, the old man drew the flowers up into the boat. The entire company examined the basket’s contents cu riously, and the old wizard shook his head. Only a few of the flowers exhibited any sign of fresh ness, the rest remaining as wilted as before, a sign which baffled him. “There must be something down there,” he said. “I suggest that one of the young divers go below and investigate. The task is difficult and dangerous, but to convince ourselves and the mother of the girl, it should be undertaken.” He was- demanding no small risk of the diver who would go deep into the sea, perhaps to encounter one of the kataos, or men of the sea. Then there was the danger from sharks, saw-fish and the octopus. It was a young warrior named Kibol, one of Martina’s uncles, who offered himself. He proudly threw off his garments and stood ready to plunge into the water. Old Ino handed him a piece of crude copper, saying that as long as he possessed it no shark would attack him. This he fastened about his neck with a hemp cord, then balancing himself a moment on the gunwale of the craft, dived into the sea's depths. Anxious minutes droned by. No word was spoken until at last Kibol’s black hair appeared on the surface and he climbed aboard amid rejoicings. But this was strange! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 C’EST LA GUERRE! America’s naval standard is supposed to be on an equality with Great Britain’s, and forty per cent stronger than Japan’s. The facts as they stand to-day are that all of England’s capital ships can outshoot and outspeed Amer ica’s eight deficient battleships. By 1928 Great Britain will have fifty-seven fast cruisers, Japan twenty-eight, and the United States only twenty-two. Relying upon the Arms Limitation Agreement to preserve peace, and overlooking the part played by secondary warships, the United States has slipped way behind in her ratio. Congress has just passed an appropriation of one hundred million dollars for the construction of ten light cruisers in an effort to maintain our footing on the seas. Instead of facing the hard facts of world politics and the continuous fight for empire, Americans persist in comparing the size of their fleets with those of Japan, pointing to Japan’s building programme as a reason why their own navy should be strengthened. In fact, Japan has been more than once accused of violating the Washington Agreement by secretly making up her deficiency in capital ships by an increase in secondary armaments. Let us look at the other side of the question. Add to the British naval quota the present and future Australian tonnage, every ship placed in commission by the Indian Government, throw in the fortifications at (Singapore, the huge Jamshedpur Steel Works,—the key of British Imperial defense in Asia,—and Amer icans will begin to realize that if Japan is. not to be eliminated as a first-class Power and hei influence in Asia undermined her Government must make every sacrifice to maintain in a high state of preparedness and efficiency the full What did he have in his left hand? They were the clothes of the unfortunate Martina which she had worn at the time of her disappearance. All that Kibol could tell them was that after a short search he found the clothes entangled in a maze of coral branches, but that he had found no body, nor in fact any other sign of the girl. The wizard meditated while conversation and conjecture buzzed about him. IIow could the clothes have become attached to the coral without a rent, unless the girl herself had removed them? Certainly no finny denizen of the sea could have taken them off. Finally Ino raised his head and addressed the girl's mother: “Your daughter cannot have died here from the signs we have; nor was she destroyed by the sharks. There remains a last resort, the smoke finger. We will follow it and see whether we can solve the mystery.” The moon shed a brilliant light over the sea, upon whose bosom the barangay rocked lightly. Standing upright in the boat, the old native stretched out his arms to the heavens and three times invoked the aid of the great Laon. A soft breeze blew from the land bringing with it the nameless perfumes of the jungle. Far away in its sylvan depths a jungle fowl crew its chal lenge to the dawn. At a command from Ino one of the crew blew on the coals in the kalan until they began to burn with a dull red glow, when the wizard placed on the fire the bundle of dried shrubs which he had brought along. The smoke from the burning shrubs rose on the air in heavy spiral scrolls, was wafted by the breeze down to the level of the sea, and like a ghostly finger moved in the direction of some rocky islets to the northeast. They lifted the sea-anchor and the boat followed the trail of smoke toward the shore, moving along softly, until it touched a sandbank lying between the main-land and weed-covered rocks. The tide was at ebb and there was a wide stretch of shallow pools, sandbanks and coral ridges. The grey finger still beckoned towards the shore. Scarcely had the craft beached on the sandbank before everyone on board had slipped into the shallow water, following their eerie guide. They waded along for a time among the seaweed until they were arrested by the sound of low singing which seemed to come from behind a rock covered with marine growths, ordinarily submerged at high tide. They did not know naval quota assigned to her under the Washing ton treaties. By dint of subsidies, the Indian Government is developing the greatest steel works in Asia. If this subsidy be withdrawn, the Indian Army Board will operate and maintain its own steel plant from its own funds. Protected by the subsidy, the Indian iron and steel makers have captured the Japanese pig-iron market compel ling the Japanese manufacturer to contribute to the cost of creating a military weapon de signed in part for their undoing. By the time the Singapore Base is completed, the Jamshedpur Steel Works will be placed on a permanent and profitable working basis. An Indian navy will be in the process of development outside the restrictions of the Washington treaties, and patrolling the waters between Singapore and Suez. A British battleship division detached from the main fleet in the North S. * a, with its swift cruisers, torpedo boats, destroyers, sub marines, air-carriers, and flying squadrons, co operating with the Australian and Indian navies, McCormick-Deering Industrial Tractors JI^JcCORMICK-DEERING Industrial tractors have inaugurated a new conception of industrial power. They are speeding up the work and cutting costs in every activity where mobile power can be used. Earth moving jobs, transport ing heavy equipment, loading and unloading materials, excavating, and building and maintain ing roads are but a few activities where McCormick-Deering Industrial tractors save time and labor and provide their owners with more power. MACLEOD and COMPANY 154 M. DE COMILLAS, MANILA BRANCHES IN: ILOILO CEBU LEGASPI DAVAO VIGAN will make Singapore its home station. The docking facilities of Hongkong, superior even to those of Singapore, provide Britain with a secondary and almost impregnable hase within striking distance of Formosa and the Philip pines. Slowly but surely Great Britain is strengthening her strategical position in Asia. Watching only what Japan is doing, seeing in her modest activities a menace to their own security, the only people who remain blind to the writing on the wall are the Americans. In fairness it must be said that Great Britain is preparing in a purely defensive manner. In this she is fully justified. Japan, with the lessons of Europe before her, labors under no delusions. The fear that these defensive pre parations may at any moment be turned into weapons of offense justifies Japan in taking measures to defend herself. It is the same old vicious combination of circumstances which brought on the Great War. Britain fears Japan’s expansion. She fears the menace of her (Please turn to page 3.',, col. d.) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 Browsing Among New Books By Gladys Traynor eminent Asians By Josef Washington Ilall (Upton Close). Appleton & Co. Mr. Hall, writing of the lives and works of six great leaders of Asia in Eminent Asians, con tinues his story of the westernization of the East told in The Revolt of Asia. He seems to have an abundance of material to draw upon and crowds many enter taining anecdotes into the pages of his latest book. The first of modern great men of the East is Sun Yat Sen. Every one who has resided for any length of time in China has undoubtedly read and heard much of the father of the Chinese Republic. Yet, if I may draw conclusions from my own experience, I venture to predict that even they will learn more about this visionary doctor born of the people, who was to become a liberator. Those interested in China’s struggle for a place among the Powers should read this account of Sun Yat Sen and Chingling, his lovely wife. With Sun Yat Sen the author groups Ito and Yainagata of Japan, Mustapha Kemal of Turkey, Stalin of Russia, and the prophet of India, Mahatma Ghandi. Ghandi, of course, is wellknown throughout the world, though the author writes of him as a man, rather than a god or a Hindu fakir. Stalin is also more or less familiar to readers; Kemal, dictator of Turkey, has been something of a mystery because of his aversion to publicity. But of the builders of modern Japan, Ito and Yamagata, both sprung from the Samurai and friends from boyhood, practically nothing is known in the West. Today Ito is revered in Japan, while Yamagata, the Japanese Bismark who is responsible for the present status of Japan’s army, greatly honored during his long public life, takes second place. I think the author’s best work in the book is the story of these two ex-warriors. Mr. Hall writes in’ a finished popular style, building on a thorough knowledge of oriental history. His many years as newspaper cor respondent, foreign adviser to governing heads, and free lance traveler and student, have fam iliarized him with customs and traditions which furnish a convincing background for the incidents he relates. field of honor Bv Donn Byrne. The Centurv Co. Field of Honor, Donn Byrne’s last novel, published after his death, is written in the same exquisitely beautiful style of his other works, but takes a slightly different form. It is a tale of England's part in the French Revolution, interwoven with the slender love story of a young Irish couple, Garrett Dillon and his pretty bride, Jocelyn, introduced partly, one feels, to please the reader who has come to expect something of romantic Ireland in every book by Byrne. Garrett is on the side of England and leaves his young wife to become a King’s Mes CHARTERED BANK OF ,NADiAD chuintaral,a Capital and Reserve Fund......................................... £7,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietor................................. 3,000.000 MANILA BRANCH established 1872 SUB-BRANCHES AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settleipents, Federated Malay States, French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. C. E. STEWART, Acting Manager. Manila. senger. Jocelyn, related to Irish martyrs, is for revolution and the cause of freedom. Finely descriptive scenes are laid in Ireland, the Isle of Man, London; then follow the soldiers into every battlefield of Europe. Napoleon is the real hero of the story; the author paints a sympathetic, flattering portrait of him, and a harsh, though sympathetic portrait of Lord Castlereagh, an Irishman hated in his own country, England’s minister of war, whose unscrupulous, clever scheming finally brings about “the little man's’’ downfall. Other portraits mark the passage of the years in the introductions to each part of the book: a delight ful sketch of Wordsworth, of the venerable Doge of Venice, of the spy, Lady Stanhope, a very human picture of Josephine on the eve of her divorce from Napoleon, and reverent apprecia tions of the poets Goethe and Shelley. In these studies the author evidences a gift of understand ing insight into human character not bestowed on all novelists. It is an unusual and fascinating method of placing the time of a story, after the manner of the old minstrels who began a new tale by relating some well-known legend. Donn Byrne, who won his reputation as a romantic novelist idealizing the traditions of his brave little green isle in glowing prose poems, could not have been the visionary, wistful Celtic dreamer that lie was without injecting symbolism and philosophy into his novels. Those who look for these will find them in this volume. Field of Honor justifies the use of superlatives. It is not only excellent entertainment, but has also an enduring quality in the haunting beauty of rich, vivid prose. Here is a book for those who like their fiction to be literature. penrod jasiiher. By Booth Tarkington. Doubleday Doran In this book Mr. Tarkington assures Penrod’s admirers that this favorite character is still the engaging small boy with whom they have lived over surreptitious pleasures of childhood. Penrod Jashber is a boy’s story, written for grown-ups, of the days “when the stable was empty but not yet relniilt into a garage.’’ The author’s description of Penrod’s mental processes will delight the reader as much as the incidents he recounts. The new Penrod story relates the development of a Mr. Hyde in the person of George B. Jashber, Pvt. detect. No. 103. Pcnrod-Jashber perfects his methods by himself, then brings Herman and Verman, the two colored boys, and his small neighbor Sam Williams, into his organization to shadow a suspected suitor of his nineteenyear old sister Margaret. The picture of the immaculate young man strolling out with his girl friend on a Sunday afternoon, followed by a procession headed first by a small tongue-tied colored boy calling meaningless words to another colored boy back of him, who in turn translates and relays the messages to Sam, dodging behind trees, with Penrod bringing up the rear, is es pecially provocative of chuckles. The detectives’ encroachment upon the adult world occasions complications which turn out happily for at least one person. Sam’s big brother, just home from college, is also interested in Margaret, and he thinks this new game of The Philippine Guaranty Gnmpany, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance ow rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low Interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinaa Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. Penrod’s is worth financing to the extent of a dollar now and then. The days when boys and girls depended upon their own imaginations to relieve vacation monotony are rapidly becoming legendary in an age of moving pictures, radios and mechanical toys, but Penrod will continue to live on in a world of reality by the side of those other im mortal boys, Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry dear sooky. By Percy Crosby. Being Letters from Skippy, with illustrations by the author. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. If a tear and a laugh and the tender revelation of a small boy’s soul can be said to be components of great literature, then this little volume by the creator of Skippy should win a place in the first ranks. Skippy is a lovable small boy just begin ning to be conscious of his masculinity. The sweet charm of babyhood hasn’t yet been entirely eclipsed by boyish deviltry. He is at the age all parents would like to keep their boys. Skippy, visiting his aunt down in Virginia, writes to his little pal Sooky. He wants to know why his girl Carol hasn’t answered his three postcards. Her neglect bothers him a good deal until he finally makes an effort to propitiate her. He writes: “I borrowed fifteen cents outa the Sunday School barrel an' bought a string of blue beads with it, but Aunt Emily saw them an’ she said it ain't proper to give jewelry to a girl. There was nothing to do but cut 'em up, but maybe I didn’t have the chickens hopnin’ around all afternoon, flippin’ them with the bean-shooter. .* . Now the beads is all gone so the farm’s quieted down.’’ He writes from his grandmother’s up in the mountains where he has gone for Christmas, and tells about the village band composed of players from seven to seventy, and the moving picture that keeps snappin’ in the middle of a scene. While you are still laughing at the funny little village, the author in a deft phrase or two brings a lump to your throat over the picture of the small homesick boy wondering what's wrong at home, “ ’cause if not why am I up here ’stead of in my own home with my own mother.’’ The book is beautifully illustrated in colors and printed on unusually fine paper in excellent print. It ought to make any child, whatever his age, happy on Christmas morning. triple murder By Carolyn Wells. J. B. Lippincott Co. (’arolvn Wells wastes no time in projecting the reader into her new Fleming Stone detective story, which moves along at a good pace. The wealthy Maxwell Garnett drives up to the ex clusive ciuntrv club in the Adirondack * where he is spending the summer. steps out of his highIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 powered roadster, and turns to help his wife out of the rumble seat. Then begins the mys tery. He discovers that she is dead, murdered. Suspicion is immediately cast upon Garnett. Jean was his third wife, and inquiry reveals that his first wife died suddenly from an unexplained fall from a roof. His second wife also disap peared suddenly when no one but her husband was present. Her dead body was later found in a lily pond. The finger of guilt points un mistakably at Garnett, but his brother steps forward in the rdle of an eager, helpful, would-be unraveler of the mystery and engages the services of the great detective, Fleming Stone, who hap pens to be vacationing at the club. This gentle man proceeds to apply psychology to the solution of the crime, much to the disgust of the local chief of police, and eventually uncovers the real murderer, who, of course, is the least suspected person. Triple Murder, if you like mystery stories, will hold your interest. The Lost Martina (Continued from page 2!)) what or whom they expected to find, but they were drawn to the rock now by more than the smoke spell. They were now on the other side of the rock, and there before their eyes only a few feet in front of them was the lost Martina, seated on a low promontory of the jagged rock. They had surprised her as she was combing her long brown hair with slim fingers, abundant tresses which were her only garment. With a cry of delight, the girl’s mother hastened toward her daughter, arms outstretched and eyes streaming with tears. In her haste she stumbled and slipped on a sub merged rock and fell into a deep pool, becoming entangled in seaweed from which she struggled to extricate herself. She ceased her frantic struggle a moment and looked up as her daughter’s voice came to her: “Mother, do not come nearer. I was your daughter but am no more of your world. Here I live with the kindly kataos who rescued me from the cruelties and temptations of men. Seek not to disturb me. I am happy till Fate shall release me.” In vain the mother tried to reach Martina. She was caught in the pool as in a vice. Behind her stood the others, the datu’s wife, the crew of the barangay, and her brothers, grouped around the old wizard, rooted to the spot with mouths agape. Then quite suddenly the first rays of dawn fell in rosy shafts across the water, and when the mother and the others looked again the girl had vanished in the morning mists, again lost to them forever. When the barangay returned to Bago the story was taken down by old chroniclers of folk tales. Though for some generations the tale was handed down from father to son. it has now almost been forgotten—a fading legend of olden time when superstition and credulity were more prevalent than now. INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu. THE MANILA HOTEL LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management - • ANTRIM, ANDERSON, Inc. Origins of the Roman (Continued from page 22) should naturally conclude that the doctrines of excommunication and penance formed the most essential part of religion; and that it was much less dangerous for the disciples of Christ to neglect the observance of the moral duties, than to despise the censures and authority of their bishops. Sometimes we might imagine that we were listening to the voice of Moses, when he commanded the earth to open, and to swallow up, in consuming flames, the rebellious race which refused obedience to the priesthood of Aaron; and we should sometimes suppose that we heard a Roman consul asserting the majesty of the republic, and declaring his inflexible reso lution to enforce the rigor of the laws. “If such irregularities are suffered with impunity” (it is thus that the bishop of Carthage chides the lenity of his colleague), “if such irregularities are suffered, there is an end of EPISCOPAL VIGOR; an end of the sublime and divine power of governing the Church, an end of Christianity itself.” Cyprian had renounced those temporal honors which it is probable he would never have obtained; but the acquisition of such absolute command over the consciences and understand ing of a congregation, however obscure or de spised by the world, is more truly grateful to the pride of the human heart than the possession of the most despotic power, imposed by arms and conquest on a reluctant people. In the course of this important, though per haps tedious, inquiry, I have attempted to dis play the secondary causes which so efficaciously assisted the truth of the Christian religion. If among these causes we have discovered any arti ficial ornaments, any accidental circumstances, or any mixture of error and passion, it cannot appear surprising that mankind should be the most sensibly affected by such motives as were suited to their imperfect nature. It was by the aid of these causes, exclusive zeal, the imme diate expectation of another world, the claim of miracles, the practice of rigid virtue, and the constitution of the primitive church, that Chris tianity spread itself with so much success in the Roman empire. To the first of these the Chris tians were indebted for their invincible valor, which disdained to capitulate, with the enemy whom they were resolved to vanquish. The three succeeding causes supplied their valor with the most formidable arms. The last of these causes united their courage, directed their arms, and gave their efforts that irresistible weight, which even a small band of well-trained and intrepid volunteers has so often possessed over an undisciplined multitude, ignorant of the subject and careless of the event of the war. In the various religions of Polytheism, some wandering fanatics of Egypt and Syria, who addressed themselves to the credulous supersti tion of the populace, were perhaps the only order of priests that derived their whole support and credit from their sacerdotal profession, and were very deeply affected by a personal concern for the safety or prosperity of their tutelar deities. The ministers of Polytheism, both in Rome and in the provinces, were, for the most part, men of a noble birth, and of an affluent fortune, who received, as an honorable distinction, the care of a celebrated temple, or of a public sacrifice, exhibited, very frequently at their own expense, the sacred games, and with cold indifference performed the ancient rites, according to the laws and fashion of their country. As they were engaged in the ordinary occupations of life, their zeal and devotion were seldom animated by a sense of interest, or by the habits of an ecclesiastical character. Confined to their re spective temples and cities, they remained with out any connection of discipline or government; and whilst they acknowledged the supreme juris diction of the senate, of the college of pontiffs, and of the emperor, those civil magistrates con tented themselves with the easy task of maintain ing in peace and dignity the general worship of mankind. We have already seen how various, how loose, and how uncertain were the religious sentiments of Polytheists. They were abandon ed, almost without control, to the natural work ings of a superstitious fancy. The accidental circumstances of their life and situation deter mined the object as well as the degree of their devotion; and as long as their adoration was successively prostituted to a thousand deities, it was scarcely possible that their hearts could be susceptible of a very sincere or lively passion for any of them. (To be continued) MANILA CARNIVAL! FEBRUARY 15 TO MARCH 2 ideal time to visit the Philippines! OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99.8% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Acetylene Weld ing Shops BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite Electric Stor age Batteries 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO 2^ manuka,p" L IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, The Robert Dollar Company With the movement of new crop sugar under way there isan improve ment in the cargo sit uation for the past month over that of several months previous. The weak spot is st ill the Pacific coast, although there are indications of a more normal move ment to that market. Copra, lumber and hemp are still moving only in fair quantities. To the Atlantic coast conditions are fair, with hemp moving somewhat more freely, although this is still a weak point. Lumber continues to move in fair quantities and it is predicted that there will be a considerably increased volume when that market is really developed. There is an improvement shown in the movement of general cargo to that-market. On the European berth shipments continue in satisfactory volume, with copra meal and cake quite active and lumber, hemp and general cargo moving in about normal quantities. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, there were exported from the Philippines during the month of October, 1929, to China and Japan ports 11,581 tons with a total of 45 sailings, of which 3,840 tons were carried in American bottoms with 9 sailings; To Pacific coast for local delivery 26,926 tons with a total of 16 sailings, of which 17,897 tons were carried in American bottoms with 11 sailings; To Pacific coast for overland delivery 604 tons with a total of 9 sailings, of which 584 tons were carried in Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig &• von Knobelsdorff Agents 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 American bottoms with 6 sailings; To Pacific coast for intcrcoastal 2355 tons with a total of 10 sailings, of which 2169 tons were carried in American liottoms with 9 sailings; To Atlantic coast 26,945 tons with a total of 16 sailings, of which 16,412 tons were carried in American bottoms with 5 sailings; To European ports 23,264 tons with a total of 21 sailings, of which 211 tons were carried in American bottoms with 2 sailings; To Australian ports 1529 tons with a total of 5 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none; a grand total of 93,204 tons with a total of 73 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 41,239 tons with 16 sailings. The month of November in Trans-pacific passenger business, according to available statis tics, showed favorably with the same period of last year. November is always a very good month for passenger business' to the Pacific coast, as many people leave at that time to be in the United States and Canada for Christinas and New Years. Kound-thc-World traffic is steadily increasing and shows material gains over the same period last year. It is particularly noted that tourists are spending a longer time in Manila than in past years. Heretofore tourists have been staying fot a period of only 2 or 3 days, but owing to the fact that steamship com panies are lending their facilities toward adver tising the Philippines, tourists are realizing that considerably more time may be spent in the Islands at a great advantage. The Philippine Tourist Bureau, w-hich was organized some few months ago, when in full swing, will help the situation immeasurably. The Dollar Line has recently established a precedent wherein it requires all Pursers on Trans-pacific vessels to make a trip to Baguio so that they may be enabled to tell incoming tourists of this beautiful resort. This is a measure instituted to cooperate w-ith the Philip pine Tourist Bureau. All lines should work with this tourist bureau in its efforts to place the Philippines before the traveling public. Steerage traffic to Honolulu continues in a very favorable manner to the extent that all space has been booked ahead indefinitely. Traf fic to the United States has not been heavy for the reason that laborers have been required in the fields for the rice harvest. However, after Christmas this traffic will increase rapidly. For the present, because of the yet limited space to the Lhiited States via Honolulu, this traffic must necessarily move through the Port of Seattle. The following figures show pdssengcr traffic moving during the month of November: (first figure represents first-class, second figure steer age) To China and Japan, 207-328; To Honolulu, 2-850; To Pacific Coast, 87-120; To Singapore and Straits Settlements, 20-10; To Mediterra nean Ports, 11-1; To America via Suez, 0-1, or a total of 327 First Class and 1220 Steerage pas sengers departing from the Philippines L. Everett, Inc., have been appointed managing agents of the Southern Transport & Trading Co., w-hosc steamer Southern Trader was formal ly turned over to the new agents on Monday, November 18, and was despatched on Saturday, November 23, for Iloilo, Cebu, Zamboanga and Davao. The Southern Trader is a vessel of 1518 tons net. register, capable of lifting 4000 tons dead weight. She has four hatches served by eight cargo booms and is equipped with heavy lift gear to handle up to 10 tons. Chill-room space will accommodate about 12 tons of refrigerator cargo. The passenger accommodations consist of five cabins for first class, recently refitted throughout, and the third class will take care of 84 persons. The new agents announce that the vessel will be operated in their regular service to Cebu, Zamboanga and Davao, calling at other ports as inducements offer. Addition of the Southern Trader gives L. Everett, Inc., three vessels in the inter-island trade—the others being the Philippine Steam Navigation Co.’s passenger/freight steamer Kinau, a popular vessel in the fortnightly service between Manila and Cebu, Dumaguete, Zamboanga, Cotabato and Jolo and the Flor ence I), running on a fortnightly schedule between Manila and Legaspi, Tabaco. They also have been appointed agents for the M./’S Kolambngan, a vessel of 1400 tons deadweight, recently completed in Hongkong yards for the Compania Naviera of Cebu. She will be placed in the Manila/Mindanao trade shortly. Mr. Everett, whose headquarters are in Shanghai, was a recent visitor to Manila. He expressed his confidence in the development of the inter-island carrying trade, especially in the Mindanao section, and stated that his company and associates had plans for still further ex pansion with combination passenger and freight vessels of accelerated speed for the near future. L. Everett, Inc., are also general agents in the Orient for the American Pioneer and American (Julf Orient Linos, operating regular fast freight, services between the North Atlantic and Gulf coasts and the Orient. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL ■ruwmvi v/iTT uj. IDCK.- VJf VU3K17WT5KU2S JUUKJVA13 33 RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By L. ARCADIO Acting Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company. 'rhe commodities received in Manila September 26 to October 25, 1929, both inclusive * , via Manila Railroad are as follows: 1929 October November Rice, cavans................................ 142,375 163,000 Sugar, piculs................................ 54,824 338,240 Tobacco, bales............ ............... 39,000 11,180 Copra, piculs................ ............... 305,400 22,605 Coconuts...................... ................ 2,290,750 2,217,600 Lumber, B. F.............................. 835,650 656,100 Desiccated coconuts, c:ises......... 21,525 24,039 lading statistic for four weeks ending Novwitli four weeks of the same month of the Philippine Coconut Oil Demands for the independence of the Philippines have become louder and stronger from some United States Senators in connection with the discussion of the new proposed tariff rates. Because the Islands produce sugar and coconut oil, those Senators who are interested in a high tariff on these products arc demanding that the Filipinos be freed from American rule and a high duty be set against their goods,'ostensibly for the protection of American industry. Unable to shut out Philippine coconut oil by a high duty in the new tariff bill because, the Islands are an American possession, these Senators propose the quick and simple expedient of cutting off the Islands from the American territorial family inorder to manufacture an excuse to build the tariff wall. Of course, se rious consideration of the proposal by the Senate is out of the question at this time. Nevertheless, the suggestion in itself gives an interesting slant on the mental attitude of some Senators. If the coat sleeve is too short, cut off a piece of the arm to make it fit.—Soap. FREIGHT REVENUE CAR LOADINGS COMMODITIES NUM BE FREIGHT R OF FREIGH 1' TONNAGE increase or Decrease 1929 1928 1929 1928 (’ars Tonnage Rice....................... 728 489 8,989 5,445 239 3,544 I’alav..................... 120 223 1,094 1,965 (103) (871) Sugar..................... 430 429 12,899 12,197 1 702 Sugar Cane.......... 4,485 3,666 79,891 68,161 819 11,730 Copra.................... 821 1,065 7,642 9.686 (244) (2,044) Coconuts............... 301 249 3,138 2,692 52 446 Hemp.................... 18 20 131 162 (2) (31) Tobacco................ 6 18 32 125 (12) (93) Livestock .............. 90 72 441 351 18 90 Mineral Products Lumber and Tim 445 457 4,149 4,577 (12) (428) ber..................... Other Forest Prod 189 177 4,200 3,860 12 340 ucts.................... 13 20 122 130 (7) (8) Manufactures....... All others includ 284 322 3,185 3,804 (38) (619) ing LOL............ 3,221 3,754 22,261 28.421 (533) (6,160) Totai............. 11.151 10.961 148,174 141.576 190 6.598 SUMMARY turday, Nov. 2. Week ending Sa2,598 2,476 34,823 31,411 122 3,412 turdav Nov. 9... Week ending Sa 2,610 2,529 33,585 31,522 81 2,063 turday. Nov. 16. Week ending Sa 2,986 2,895 39,809 36,944 91 2,865 turday, Nov. 23. 2,957 3,061 39,957 41,699 (104) (1,742) Total........... 11.151 10.961 148.174 141.576 190 6.598 Note: Figures in parenthesis indicate decrease. It will be noted there has been slight increase in both the number of cars and volume of tonnage handled. This is attributed to the heavier shipments of rice, sugar, sugar cane, coconuts and lumber and timber trans ported, which greatly offset the decrease suffered on some other commo dities. AMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE, COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE Inc., Ltd. SAILING The “President” Liners Offer SAILING ONCE A Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort ONCE A WEEK Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, WEEK American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports TO SAN FRANCISCO ROUND THE WORLD VICTORIA AND President Van Buren - - - Dec. 18 AND LOS ANGELES President Garfield - - Jan. 1 SEATTLE President Polk ----- Jan. 15 via President Adams - - - - Jan. 29 via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu Sailings every fortnight and Yokohama SAILINGS SAILINGS ON NEW TRANS-PACIFIC SERVICE ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS To San Francisco direct via Honolulu ALTERNATE SATURDAYS 24 Calle David MANILA Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Shipping Personals (Continued from page 32) Geo. j. McCarthy, assistant general pas_3engqr agent for The Robert Dollar Co. with headquarters in Shanghai, accompanied by Mrs. McCarthy, arrived in Manila December 3 aboard the Round-t he-World Liner President Wilson and departed for Shanghai December 7 aboard the SS President Grant. Mr. McCarthy was on a business trip in the interests of his company. _____ G. A. Harrell, district passenger agent in the Philippines for The Robert Dollar Co., accompa nied by Mrs. Harrell and young daughter, re turned to his post in Manila November 11 aboard the SS President Taft, after a five months’ holiday in the United States. L. Everett, president of L. Everett, Inc., arrived in Manila October 23 aboard the SS Empress of Asia from Shanghai and, after spend ing some time in Manila in the interests of his company, returned to Shanghai November 15 aboard the SS President Taft. BAGUIO NIGHT TRAINS FOR 1929-1930 SEASON WEEKLY SPECIAL SERVICE Train Drawn by Oil-Burning Locomotive Powerful—Clean—No Cinders DeLuxe Cars with Sleeping Berths and Buffet Service The BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL leaves Manila at 11:00 P. M. every Friday night, returning from San Fernando at 8:40 P. M. and from Damortis at 10:30 P. M. the following Sunday. For trip on Friday, December 20, on account of the Christmas Week, the NIGHT SPECIAL will return to Manila the following Wednesday, December 25. For trip on Friday, December 27, it will return on Wed nesday, January 1, instead of Sunday. Connection with Benguet Auto Line at Damortis to and from Baguio. On northbound trip, passengers leave promptly after arrival of train at Damortis and reach Baguio before 8:00 A. M. and from Baguio, first class busses and automobiles leave at 8:00 P. M. and third class at 6:30 P. M., arriving at Damortis in time to connect with the BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL train. RATES 1st Class 3rd Class Manila-Baguio, one way................................................ P14.33 P 5.64 120 days. Manila-Baguio, round trip....................... 23.32 10.28 Manila-Damortis, one way......................................... 8.88 3.14 120 days, Manila-Damortis, round trip................... 13.82 -----Manila-San Fernando, U., one way................................. 10.64 3.76 120 days, Manila-San Fernando U., round trip . . 16.46 -----Sleeper berth, each way................................................ 5.00 -----Both single and round trip tickets to Baguio may be purchased at sta tions between Manila and San Fabian where BAGUIO NIGHT EXPRESS train is scheduled to stop. All classes of tickets, one way and round trip, are good on these trains between points mentioned in the train schedule. For northbound trip sleeping car reservations should be made and tickets purchased at Manila Station (Tutuban) or Manila Railroad City Office, 519 Dasmarinas, telephone 2-31-83, near Peoples Bank. For south bound trip reservations should be made at Benguet Auto Line station, Baguio, or railroad stations at which this train stops. Baggage, Express parcels and C. O. D. shipments will be handled to or from Baguio at stations mentioned on train schedule. Express, rates on automobiles when owner holds first class ticket to destination of the automobile: One way Round trip Manila-Damortis............................................................ P32.20 P61.18 Manila-San Fernando U.............................................. 36.80 69.54 BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL makes connection with Northern Luzon Transportation at San Fernando, La Union, where it arrives at 7:37 A.M., enabling travelers to Ilocos provinces to reach destination on the same day. Manila Railroad Company G. P. Bradford, general agent, L. Everett, Inc., Manila, returned from Southern Islands aboard the SS Kinau November 13. II. M. Cavender, general agent, The Robert Dollar Co., Manila, returned to Manila No vember 7 aboard the SS Stuart Dollar, after a three weeks’ absence thru Southern ports. J. B. Lanyon, representative of the Blue Funnel Line, arrived in Manila November 5 aboard the SS President Johnson, and in company with Neil Macleod, manager, shipping depart ment, Smith, Bell & Co., Ltd., Manila, left Manila November 6 aboard the SS Panay for Cebu. Mr. Macleod returned to Manila from Cebu aboard the SS Bohol November 15, Mr. Lanyon continuing thru Southern Philippine ports to Kolambugan and Davao, and thence to Sandakan, British North Borneo. Mr. Lanyon is expected to return to Manila December 6 aboard the SS St. Albans. Mr. Lanyon, ac companied by Mr. Neil Macleod, expects to leave Manila again December 7 for Iloilo and Negros aboard the SS Viscaya. COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. Seidenspinner Vice-President and .Manager, Copra Milling The local market for copra has been quiet but steady during the entire month of Nov ember with production in the entire archipe lago very unsatisfac tory. During the last half of the month, prices at primary points were advanced, but at this writing are reported somewhat easier. The European copra market has fluctuated between comparatively narrow limits during the month and is today' reported steady at £22-2-6 for Sundried. Notwithstanding light produc tion in the Philippines, the U. S. copra market has ruled quiet during November with only fair interest displayed at asking prices. While heavier production during the month of Decem ber up to the Christmas holidays is expected, at the same time we do not look for materially' lower prices at Manila up to the end of the year. Latest cable advices follow: London F. M. M..............£21-15-0 Sundried.............................£22-2-6 San Francisco buyers. . . .4-1/4 cents Manila Buen-Corriente. . . P9.125 to P9.37-1/2 Resecada buyers................P10.37-1/2. Coconut Oil:—With ample stocks of compet ing Fats and Oils and under the depressing in fluence of stock market conditions, U. S. trading in this commodity was comparatively light dur ing the month of November. Sales were reported from the Philippines up through June of 1930 at 7 cents c.i.f. Atlantic coast ports. At San Fran cisco the market is reported at 6-5/8 to 6-3/4 cents per pound f. o. b. tank cars. There are buyers today at 6-3/4 cents c. i. f. New York with no sellers. Latest advices follow: San Francisco............... 6-5/8 cents f. o. b. tank cars New York buyers.........6-3/4 C. I. F. Sellers.............................7 cents C. I. F. Manila............................29 centavos per kilo ex tank 30-1/2 centavos per kilo delivered in drums. Copra Cake:—Pressure of resales with very light demand has characterized the Continental copra cake market during the month under re view. Very little trading is reported for shipment from Manila, and local mills are not inclined to meet buyers’ ideas on bids received. Latest ad vices follow: Hamburg, January ship ment ........................... £8-2-6 San Francisco............... No quotations. Manila sellers................P58.00 to P60.00 per metric ton ex-godown Buyers............................ P54.00 to P55.00. C’est La Guerre (Continued from page 29) ever-expanding trade. Japan is gradually oust ing Great Britain in China. Her Dominions cry loudly for protection against the bogey of the ‘Yellow Peril.’ So Britain looks a long way ahead and prepares against her old-time ally. Japan also looks a long way into the future, determined at all hazards to preserve her in dependence and industrial prosperity. While these great Powers arm against the day when friends may be turned into foes, America pursues the even tenor of her ways, quibbles over the expense of a few light cruisers, and withholds appropriations that will maintain its fighting forces in a state of efficiency. Secure in her isolation, her great wealth and unlimited resources, and misled by European propaganda, America leisurely arms only against a possible menace in the Pacific, while forces in Europe are in motion to bring about her downfall.—Living Age. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL uecemuer; T9Z9 i nc, ^iivm/^i\jz^r ^n/nvii3r.jx. vjr iw rsz^C/C, j u> urtiv >i£. ±5 TOBACCO REVIEW Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw Leak: The mar ket in local grades re mained quiet during November. To Japan and Korea the seasonal export of La Union tobacco started. Spain absorbed, as usual, the large bulk of exports, movements to other de stinations remaining ra ther limited. Compa rative figures for Nov ember shipments abroad are as follows: Rawleaf Stripped and Scrap kilos REAL ESTATE By P. D. CARMAN San Juan Heights Addition since 1918 excepting only 1921. Sales City of .Manila Oct. 1929 Nor. 1929 China................................................ 6,211 Czechoslovakia............................... 128 England........................................... 485 Hongkong....................................... 13,364 Japan and Korea........................... 500,654 Java.................................................. 2,219 North Atlantic (Europe)................. 26,775 Spain................................................ 1,188,594 Straits Settlements......................... 4,293 United States................. 133,068 Uruguay........................................... 24,055 1,899,846 October, 1929................................. 1.847,035 November, 1928............................. 3,926,406 Cigars: Exports to the United States while somewhat higher than in November 1928, arc about 10% lower than for the preceding month. No improvement for Manila cigars is in sight in the American market. Statistical figures for cigars shipped to the United States compare as follows: November 1929, 14,862,160; October, 1929, 16,311,308; November 1928, 13,926.491. REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Richard E. Shaw Manager, International Banking Corporation 'I'lic market opened with all Banks buying USS TT at 5/8% premium for NovemberDec e m b e r deliveries. Exporters, however, held off settling and by the middle of the month Banks were offering 3/4% premium for Nov ember delivery in order to get cover for their sales commitments. As the month end ap proached Banks were willing to apply the rate of 3/4% premium to December settlements. On demand credit bills were bought at 1/4% premium during the second half of November and 60 d. s credit bills were taken at 7/8% discount. As the market strengthened Banks gradually raised their selling rates for USS TT to 1-1/8% premium, at which level the market closed with a steady tendency. The following purchases of telegraphic trans fers have been made from the Insular Treasurer since last report: Week ending:— October 26th............................... November 2nd........................... November 9th............................. November Kith...................'. . . . Nil Nil S 6,000 506,000 Sterling rates varied very slightly throughout November. Sellers were quoting 2/-5/16 for TT and buyers were offering 2/-1/2 with perhaps a cut of 1,16 d in special cases. The New York-London cross-rate closed on October 31st at 487 29, 32, opened on November (Continued on page .17) This month shows the largest November business of which we have record. Three ex ceptionally large sales, one of over 1 * 500,000 in Paco and two of over 1’200,000 each in Ermita and Sta. Ana ac count for the unusually large total. The general business, excluding these three sales, is 1 * 588,084, which is lower than any November total a Sta. Cruz..................... Binondo....................... San Nicolas................. Tondo........................... Sampaloc...................... San Miguel.................. Quiapo.......................... Intram uros................... Ermita.......................... Malate.......................... Paco.............................. Sta. Ana....................... Pandacan..................... Sta. Mesa.................... 177,744 1’184,433 61,441 60,000 432 25,380 154,743 74,085 108,017 6S,512 114,921 17,000 7,000 35,500 (>5,000 326,760 192,757 42,814 57,205 553,645 19,014 329,808 16,350 46,867 1’1,003,124 1’1,736,304 Take the NEW EMPIRE BUILDER Companion train to the ORIENTAL HETHER you enter America at Seattle via the short Trans-Pacific route, or at San Francisco, board the New Empire Builder or its companion train, the Oriental Limited, for eastern America. Luxuriously equipped and smartly serviced, yet charging no extra fare, this fast train reaches Chicago in 61 hours from Seattle or Portland. It traverses 1200 clean, cinderless miles of diverting scenery behind either oil-burning or electric locomotives—60 day light miles along Glacier National Park. Enroute you will also see the elec trified New Cascade Tunnel, long est in the Western Hemisphere— 8 miles through the Cascade Mountains—shortening the dis tance across America on the Great Northern Railway. Reaching Chi cago, you can make connections with fast de luxe trains for Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Philadel phia, New York, Boston, Wash ington, D. C., and other American cities. CLEAN. CINDERLESS, LUXURIOUS, SCENIC ROUTE Apply to Tourist Agencies orTrans-Pacific Steamship Lines or write J. Vyesley Young, Gen’l Agent, Pass’r Dept., 1400 4th Ave., Seattle, Wash. A. H. Iiebb, Agent, 916 Government St., Victoria, B. C. Edw. A. Dye, Gen’l Agent, 607 Hastings St.. Vancouver, B. C. C. A. Gerken, Gen’l Agent, 679 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. M. J, Costello, West. Traf. Mgr., Seattle, Wash. Cable address: Hillrail A Dependable Railway IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 37 December 1V!W LUMBER REVIEW By Arthur F. Fischer Director of Forestry The lumber situation beginning September has been characterized by overstocking of lower grades in the Manila market and in the other large ports. This over-stocking is due to the curtailment of shipments to China particularly Shanghai because of exchange reflecting disturbed warconditions there. Japan shipments of sawn lumber also have diminished. These export cur tailments are in grades not required in other foreign markets. Demand for the higher grades of lumber is brisk for U. S. shipments particuDepressed markets in local agricultural export products is 1 in decreased purchasing power locally. With the market g in hemp, copra, sugar, etc., local lumber stock will be abConstruction has not decreased to any extent in the past month with the advent of good weather building construction will The following is a comparative table showing lumber and timber ixport for September of 1928 and 1929: U. S. 1929, bd. ft. 4,125,944, 1 * 322,426; 1928, bd. ft. 5,347,488, P442,687; Japan, 1929, bd. ft. 2,688.Kit). 1 * 117,023; 1928, bd. ft. 1,384,360, P85.352; China, 1929, bd. ft. 2,087,352, 1’157,724; 1928, bd. ft. 1,113,424, P92.964; all other countries, 1929. bd. ft. 520,672, 1’40,706; 1928, bd. ft. 1,397,928, 1’116,912; all being for the month of September. Lumber deliveries from 39 mills were 18,206 M ft. this September ind 18,205 M ft. last. The September inventories of these 39 mills .otalcd 43,422 M ft. this year and 33,689 M ft. last, while their total mill iroduction during September this year and last year was 20,600 M ft. ind 19,221 M ft. respectively. All measurements bd. ft. Can You Write? Ten to One You Can! Prize Competition Announced For the Best Narrative, Not More Than 3,000 Words, of Philippine Economic Progress Under the United States submitted prior to January 31, The Journal will pay 150 pesos For the second best paper on the same subject, 50 pesos This Is The Most Appropriate LIGHT For Your SLEEPING ROOM It Gives The Desired Light— Dim or Bright Similar competitions, open to all, in which substance will be weighted equally with diction, will be announced frequently until further notice. Determined to develop a literary market here, The Journal offers the same price for manuscripts as that paid by first-rate American Magazines. There Is but One Condition Competitors must be yearly subscribers to The Journal. If not already subscribers, each should send P4 and his name and address with his manuscript. In addition, editorial service—kindly, sympathetic literary criticism—to the limit of the editor’s physical capacity is proffered free to all yearly subscribers. Visit Us and We Will be Glad to Show You ELM AC INC. ELECTRICAL AND MACHINERY FIRM 627 Ave. Rizal, Manila Tel. 2-35-32 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBEk uF COMMERCE JOURNAL Review of the Exchange Market {Continued from pmje .io) 1st at 4X7 31.32, was high at 4XX on November 2ml. dropped to a low of 4X7 11 32 on November IXth ami stood at 4X7 7, X on the last day of the month. The closing quotations for London Bar Silver on October 31st was 23 ready and 23 3. 1 6 for ward. The low point for November was 22 1. 2 ready and 22 5 X forward on the 2X1 h, while? on the first the high for the month was reached at 22 15. 16 ready and 23 1, 16 forward. New York Bar Silver rose1 from 49 7 X, the final quotation for October, to 50 on November 1st, 2nd and 3rd, which was high for that month. The rate gradually receded, finding a low of If) 3 X on several instances and finallv closing at 49 5 X. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted as follows on November 30th: Paris, 12.40: Madrid, 142 1 4; Singapore, 115 3. 4; Japan, 99 5. X; Shanghai, X9 1 2; Hong kong, X7; India, 134 3. 4; Jaxa, 122 1 4. NOVEMBER SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild as compared with sale's amounting tee 35000 teens eluring the * same * period last year at prices ranging from 3.77 cents tee 3.96 cents landed Eukope: I * '. O. Licht's second estimate? eef the? 1929-30 creep in Europe? released een October 31st placing it at X,174,000 tons shows a de crease? eef 3.5(7 in comparison with the * 192X-29 production which was X,467,327 tons. Licht reports that the * rains in Otoleer have broken the? long dry spell in Europe * lent have * not been of great significance * as lhe * y citine teeee late * tee expli cate the * excellent yields eef last year. Local Mauket: Throughoul the * month the leee * al market for centrifugals was quiet with only small transact ions een the * basis eef PX.75 per picul. Holders eef large * parcels would neet sell at ruling price's, expecting an improvement in the * leee * al market. Crop Prospects: During the? month under review milling eef the? 1929-30 crop is in full swing at most eef the Philippine? centrals. The * final figures feer the? 192X-29 creep compiled lev the * Philippine * Sugar Association show a pro duction eef 700.20X metric teens. It is the con sensus eef opinion that the? 1929-30 crop will neet be * very far <eff this mark. Heavy torrential rains fell een Negri the middle * eef the * month, as a result many steel anti wooden bridges were * destnSB Only slight damage was deem * tee the cane fields ley the heavy rains however. Philippine Exports: Exports eef sugar from the Philippines feer the * 1929-30 creep beginning on November 1, 1929, tee elate amounted to 36,513 teens, segregate!! as feelleews: Metric tons Centrifugals................................. 35,966 Muscovados................................. 2X0 Refineel.......................................... 267 Total. 36,513 Java Mauket: The * Java market was steady during tin? first week. Price * eleclineel thereafter until the lowest quotations feer Superiors feer the meenth were * reached at the * close eef the? month which were? as feelleews: Spot anti December. . .(Is. 12-1 4-1’6.61 iPer P. I. January..........................(is. 12-1 2- 6.7611’icul February-March.........(Is. 12-3 4- 6.X9O. o. b. “North Coast New Yohk Mauket: The New York sugar market was depressed at the opening of the month under review, small sales for present shipment having been effected Io refiners at 2.00 cents c. and f. (3.77 cents 1. t.). Signs of improvement were noted on the 4th which however were not long maintained since * on the * 7th there * were * sellers but ne> buyers al 1-31 32 cents c. and f. <3.74 cents 1. t.>. Small sale's e>f centrifugals were * made at 3.71 cents 1. t. which was considered the nominal value * eluring the * first week. Of ferings of Cubas at the * latter quotation eluting the * early peer! of the * second week at tract cel net buyers. In I he * , latter part etf the * week however the * market showeel a better tone in sympathy with the * improvement in the * stock market. The * we * e * k closed with a quotation etf 2.00 cents c. and f. at which there * were * sellers but net buyers. At the * opening etf the * thirel week small sales for present sliipment were * maele * to refimTs at 3.77 cents 1. t. Prices eleelincel thereafter and small sales were * effect eel at 1-15 16 cents c. anel f. (3.71 cents 1. t.). Incidentally the * price? etf refineel was reduced from 5.25 cents to 5.00 cents eluring the * week. The * market im proved at the * dose * etf the * week when small sales present shipment were maele * to refiners at 2.00 cents c. anel f. (3.77 cents 1. t.). During the fourth week prices gradually declined owing tei holders pressing sales in an effort let stimulate * the market befeere * the * next Cuban crop. On the * 26th small sale's preempt shipment Cubas were maele * to refiners at 1-29 32 cents c. anel f. (3.(57 cents 1. t. t. The * latest visible worlel stocks were * 2,721,000 teens as compared with 2,070,000 teens at the * same * time * in 192X anel 2,009,000 teens at the * same * time in 1927. I'1 utmen: Quotations on the * Exchange * eluting November flue * tuatcel as follows: Limited” “Finest”— “the finest train in the world and I have traveled on all that are worth talking about”—Samuel Hopkins Adams, Auburn, N. Y. “Best”— “equipment the very best, service splen did—a wonderful train”—N. A. Peter son, San Francisco, ______ '\[OW on a new, fast schedule—68 hours between the North Pacific Coast and Chicago! Leaves Seattle at 11:00 A. M. for all the principal cities of the United States. Two days of sightseeing through America’s greatest mountains. A particularly satisfying feature of Northern Pacific travel Is It * diner service. New-style Observation-Club car with deep, restful lounge—cushioned chairs—library—writing corner—club rooms— showers—and maid and valet service. Loir Latest 1929-Dec.......... .. 2.09 1 91 1 95 1930—Jan.......... .. 2.09 1 96 2 02 Mar.. .. 2 13 2.00 2 06 Mav—... .. 2.19 2 07 2 13 Julv......... . . 2 26 2 15 2 20 Sept......... .. 2.32 2 22 2 25 Philippine Sales: During the * month under review, sales of Philippine * centrifugals in the * Atlantic Coast were * reporteel as feelleews. afheals. near arrivals anel leer future * ele * live * rie * s: 25X25 teens at prices ranging from 3.7 1 cents lee 3.90 cents The Japan Tourist Bureau, American Express Company, Thos. Cook &. Son, Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank, or any trans pacific steamship company will gladly furnish additional information. Oswald Crawford, G. A. 501 Granville Street Vancouver, B. C. R. J. Tozer, A. G. P. A. 200 U C. Smith Bldg. Seattle, Wash., U. S. A. E. E. Blackwood, G. A. *12 Government Street Victoria, B. a Northern Pacific Railway 052) “First of the Northern Transcontinentals” IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman Macleod and Company Commercial Printing is a silent but powerful messenger, and your letter heads, billheads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that feeling of confidence so much desired in this modern business age. Close personal attention to every phase of a printed job is an invariably feature of McCullough Service, and our repu tation for producing good printing merits your patronage. McCullough printing company (A Division of Philippine Education Co., Inc.) ioi escolta Phone 21801 manila, p. i. ONE OUTSTANDING FACT Sift the Bunk from present day Tire Advertising —more miles, better made—purer rubber—secret processes, and so forth. Generalities anyone may claim! In paying out money for tires, you want Facts. One is so overwhelmingly outstanding no intel ligent buyer can overlook it: MORE PEOPLE RIDE ON GOODYEAR TIRES THAN ON ANY OTHER KIND Goodyear Tires have been proved best by millions —proved best on the road where claims are judged by results. A proof of Goodyear popularity is that Goodyear makes more tires by many thousands each year, than any other concern. Mere luck had nothing to do with this supremacy, Goodyear -Tires had to be good to make good. Our Service is on a par with Goodyear quality. We help you to get 100% usefulness from your tires. The secret of Goodyear leadership is known to millions who ride on Goodyears. Let us help you discover it. Houston Rubber Co. 548 Rizal Ave. MANILA Tel. 2-21-22 t This report covers the Manila hemp market for the month of November with statistics up to and including December 2nd, 1929. U. S. Grades : The New York market was extremely dull on the first of the month with practically no sales being made. Nominal quota tions were: E, 10-1/2 cents; F, 9-3/4 cents; G, 7-7/8 cents; I, 9-1/2 cents; JI, 9-1/8 cents; SI, 9-5/8 cents; S2, 9-3/8 cents; S3, 8 cents. As shippers showed more desire to get on with busi ness, prices steadily declined and by the 15th of the month the asking prices were: E, 10-1/4 cents; F, 9-1/4 cents; G, 7-1/2 cents; I, 8-7/8 cents; JI, 8-5/8 cents; SI, 9-1/8 cents; S2, 8-3/4 cents; S3, 7-3/4 cents. This condition lasted until about the 20th of the month when manufacturers commenced to show more interest and the market gradually improved with a fair amount of business being transacted. During this period prices steadily advanced and the market closed steady to firm with shippers offering at: E, 11-3/8 cents; F, 10 cents; G, 8-1/8 cents; I, 9-1/2 cents; JI, 9 cents; SI, 9-7/8 cents; S2, 9-3/8 cents; S3, 8-1/4 cents. The month showed a net gain for the higher grades while the prices on the low grades were about the same. In Manila the market opened quiet with exporters showing very little interest although all hemp being offered found buyers at: E, P24; F, P22; G, 1 * 17.25; 1, 1 * 21; JI, P19.75; SI, 1 * 21.50; S2, 1 * 20.25; S3, P17.75. The market gradually declined in sympathy with the consuming markets and by the 15th of the month shippers were paying: E, P22; F, P20; G, P16.50; I, 1 * 19; JI, P18; SI, P20; S2, P18-50; S3, P17; although very little hemp was to be had. The latter part of the month the market for the U. S. grades firmed up owing to fair demand in the U. S. and at the close shippers were paying: E, P23.50; F, P22.25; G, P16.75; I, 1 * 21; JI, P19.50; SI, 1 * 21.50; S2, P19.75; S3, P18. This brought prices back to about where they were on the first and while there was no special demand for the better grades, the market was decidedly steady. U. K. Grades: The London market was quiet on the first of the month with shippers offering freelv at: J2, £35.10; K, £31; Ll, £31; L2, £27; Ml, £27; M2, £24.15; DL, £24.15; DM, £19.10. For the first week the market remained quiet and steady and then prices began to decline on account of pressure to sell. By the 15th hemp had changed hands at: J2, £34.10; K, £31; Ll, £29.5; L2, £26.10; Ml, £26.10; M2, £24.10; DL, £24.5; DM, £19. During the last half of the month prices fluctuated con siderably but on the whole the general trend was upward and by the end of the month shippers were offering on the basis of: J2, £36; K, £31.5; Ll, £30; L2, £27; Ml, £27; M2, £25.10; DL, £25.5; DAI, £19. On the aver age all losses for the month were recovered and while the market closed quiet, shippers were firm in their ideas of values. In Manila the market on the first of the month was quiet so far as the lower grades were concerned with exporters and speculators buying on the basis of: J2, P16; K, P13.75; Ll, P13.25; L2, P11.50; Ml, P11.50; M2, P10; DL, P10; DM, P8. Prices gradually declined and by the middle of the month, shippers were paving: J2, P15.50; K, P13.25; Ll, P12.75; L2, Pl 1; Ml, Pl 1; M2, P9.50; DL, P9.50; DM, P7.50. During the last half of the month, the market here followed the London market and at the close buyers were paying: J2, P16.25; K, P14; Ll, 1 * 13.25; L2, Pl 1.50; Ml, Pl 1.50; M2, 1 * 10.75; DL, P10.75; DM, P8; and the market was quite firm. Japan: Buyers supplying this market continue to take very little hemp notwithstanding the fact that the exchange has improved consider ably. Reports would indicate that stocks in Kobe are still fair heavy. This market is hardly likely to improve until the London market shows more interest in hemp. Maguey: Conditions point to rather a late start in the production of Manila Maguey this year. There are still some stocks available in Manila from last year’s crop and it is reported speculators are still holding upwards of 20,000 piculs in Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur. Production in Cebu con tinues to be ample to supply the demand and prices remain unchanged. Production: Notwithstanding persistent reports from most of the hemp districts that there is no hemp available for sale, receipts keep aver aging above 25,000 Bs. a week and the total for the year will be somewhat in excess of 1,550,000 Bs. Unsold stocks in the export ports of the Islands are now below 200,000 Bs. but undoubtedly there is a fair amount of fiber being held in the provinces for an advance in price. A week ago several of the Manila daily papers carried articles de scribing a severe storm in Davao that had destroyed some 2,000,000 hemp plants. The dealers and speculators immediately endeavored to get prices up on the strength of this information and were greatly disappointed when it developed that the storm described happened in November 1928 and not in November 1929. Freight Rates: There is no change in rates on hemp since last report. Statistics: The figures below are for the period ending December 2nd, 1929. 1OJS Shipments to— Hois Hales Manila Hemp Hales Hales y K..................... 322,113 330.120 On hand Jnn. 1st.. . 170,301 139,624 Continent........... 177,761 204,SS4 Receipts to date. . . 1,455.690 1.27S.7S9 y ,s..................... 516,190 359,044 1,625,991 1,118,413 .................. 338.367 295.714 All Others.......... 74.936 95.267 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Commodities Coconut Oil.......................................... Cigars (Number)................................. Embroidery........................................... ^Tobacco Dessicated and Shredded Coconuts Hats (Number)................................... Lumber (Cubic Meter)..................... Copra Meal.......................................... Cordage.................................................. Knotted Hemp..................................... Pearl Buttons (Gross)......................... Canton (low grade cordage fiber)... All Other Products.............................. Total Domestic Products. United States Products. .. Foreign Products.............. . Grand Total. Cotton Cloths................... Other Cotton Goods........ Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... Rice..................................... Wheat Flour..................... Machinery and Parts of.. Dairy Products................ Gasoline............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles....................... Vegetable Fiber Goods.. . Meat Products.................. Illuminating Oil................ Fish and Fish Products.. Crude Oil........................... Coal.................................... Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc.................................. Fertilizers........................... Vegetables......................... Paper Goods, Except Books............................. Tobacco and ManufacElectrical Machinery.. . . Books and Other Printed Matters.......................... Cars and Carriages......... Automobile Tires.-........... Fruits and Nuts.............. Woolen Goods.................. Leather Goods................. Shoes and Other FootCoffee................................. Breadstuff, Except Wheat Flour............................... Eggs.................................... Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................ Lubricating Oil................ Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glassware.. .. Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc....................... Oils not separately listed. Earthern Stones and Chinaware..................... Automobile Accessories.. Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset... . Wood, Reed, Bamboo, Rattan............................ India Rubber Goods.. .. Soap.................................... Matches............................. Cattle................................. Explosives......................... Cement............................... Sugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films... Other Imports.................. Total. PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Setpember, 1929 Quantity Value % P11.I88.944 12,696,087 16,606,003 18,389,505 17,576,158 P 1,730,167 9 19 24 17 5 0 0 0 4 4 5 2 P18,666,475 100.0 Monthly average for 12 , September, 1928 ending September, 1929 Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Note:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS Monthly average for September, 1929 September, 1928 12 months ending September, 1929 Value Value Value Nationality of Vessels 486,374 139,959 201,209 90,120 217,849 84,580 10 5 13 6 6 0 4'8 0 2 5 9 2 0 2 9 2 0 9 1 8 0 1 2 1 2 4 2 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 8 9 6 7 0 0 9 6 0 0 6 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 337,355 991 274,500 469,970 185,326 120,605 133,415 391,846 128,587 123,706 117,795 91,073 85,485 5 5 2 9 2 6 5 9 6 1 3 7 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 6 9 0 0 6 0 0 0 1 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 6 0 0 0 0 8 1 2 7 2 2 L0 3.7 5.8 2.3 1.7 0.5 1.9 1.7 L5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.8 184,292 174,589 139,860 184,544 128,008 169,141 151,418 126,628 138,559 174,796 120,402 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0'5 0.7 0^6 0.5 0^6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0. 1 0'2 12.8 P23.536.147 100.0 P20,973,037 100.0 P24.505.699 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Ports September, 1929 Monthly average for September, 1928 12 months ending September, 1929 Value % Value % Value % American. British. . . Japanese.. Dutch. ... German.. . Norwegian. Swedish.. .. Danish.... Italian .... By Freight. By Mail... non"1.'?.... Cebu........... Zamboanga. Legaspi.. .. P29.822.153 71 3,578,961 8 6,405,463 15 583,378 1 29,458 0 1,326,640 3 456,569 1 3 P30.669.542 3 3,516,340 0 6,503,246 2 742,618 1 199,748 0 1,605,440 1 1,221,318 70.0 P36.238.590 67.2 8.3 7,338,613 13.6 14.9 6,541,072 12.1 1.9 582,909 1.1 0.6 88,839 0.2 3.8 1,438,688 2.7 0.5 1,201,515 2.1 Total.................. P42,202,622 100,0 P44.458.252 100.0 P53.475.226 100.0 P 1,964,637 4,096,479 4,044,670 5,960,727 977,673 970,287 220,444 594,955 824,936 770,394 688,785 785,522 289,138 77,956 57,675 112,260 1,048-,677 68 17 17 25 3 5 3 7 0 3 8 5 5 P23.485.215 100.0 CARRYING TRADE IMPORTS September, 1929 September, 1928 5 0 3 3 9 0 0 7 2 0 8 2 0 6 5 1 P28,886,942 100.0 Monthly average for 12 months ending September, 1929 Value % Value % Value % P10,087,493 7,684,625 923,050 827,997 950,149 2,313,668 59,759 122,460 13,078 24,907 105,761 40,668 43.1 P10,539,076 32.2 5,944,132 4.0 976,806 3.5 529,971 4.0 1,341,859 9.7 449,848 0.3 342,974 0.6 252,160 82,838 0.2 P10,678,437 7,530,513 1,151,177 693,317 1,600,137 1,440,529 111,645 165,197 80,540 11,316 312,678 52,475 Total................... P23.536.147 100.0 P20.973.037 100.0 P24.505.690 100.0 Nationality of Vessels Amerioan.. German * . .. Spanish.. .. Dutch......... Philippines. Chinese.. . . Swedish.. . . French....... Danish. . .. By Freight. By Mail.. . Total.................. EXPORTS September, 1929 Value Monthly average for September, 1928 12 months ending September, 1929 % Value % Value % P 7,908,405 41 5,858,684 31 1,208,313 6 756.429 4 632,137 3 722,736 3 14,740 0 34,362 0 95,643 0 670.429 4 8 P10,515,193 0 7,069,776 5 2,286,800 1 1,408,769 5 367,120 9. 529,971 1 46,263 6 45.4 P13.321.538 30.4 7,474,057 9.6 3,251,907 5.8 984,623 1.3 995,036 107,658 2.0 816,667 0.1 164,056 31,470 386,746 4,880 972,809 17,901,878 95.9 P22,180,439 764,597 4.1 1,304,776 P18.666.475 100.0 P23,485,215 94.6 P2Z.852.855 96.5 5.4 1,033,231 3.5 100.0 P28,886,942 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries United States................... United Kingdom.............. Japan.................................. China................................ French East Indies........ Germany............................ Australia........................... British East Indies......... Dutch East Indies........ France............................... Netherlands..................... Italy.................................... Hongkong........................ Switzerland....................... Japanese-China................. Sweden............................... Canada............................... Norway.............................. Denmark........................... Other Countries............... Monthly average for September, 1929 September, 1928 12 months ending September, 1929 Value % Value % Value 7 7 8 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 66.0 P35.289.827 5.9 2,184,324 7.5 3.273.527 3.5 1,766,175 0.9 943,299 3.4 1,335,966 2.8 1,169,558 1.0 467,230 1.3 739,234 0.9 561,750 2.9 763,481 0.7 395,554 0.4 404,991 0.3 211,316 0.9 432,758 0.9 279,865 0.3 142,267 0.1 37,299 0.2 127,323 0.1 96,864 0.3 93,846 9,656 Total.................. P42,202,622 100.0 P14,458,252 100.0 P53.475.226 100. 0 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1929 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc. General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York via Java and Singapore Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila, P. I. Myers-Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 316 Carriedo Tel. 2-16-10 STA. POTENCIANA 32 TEL. 22715 GjT<S COLOR PLATES HALF-TONES zinc-etching jna PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. « * CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery “LA URBANA” (Sociedad Mfitua de Conrtrucci6n y Prt.tamo.) Prestamos Hipotecarios Inver siones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. UNIVERSAL BATTERIES P26.50 One Year Guarantee CARO ELECTRICAL SERVICE HOP. Faura Tel. 5-69-44 P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao SALEEBY FIBER CO., INC. Fiber Merchant. P. O. Bos 1423 Manila. P. I Room 318, Pacific Building Cable Addre.s: "SALEFIBER” v T TAILORING CO., Inc. 73 Escolta 73 & MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU Derham Building Phone 22516 Manila P. O. Box 2103 MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers MR. MANUEL VALENTIN TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence & Co. 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. 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