The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Media

Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Description: Manila : The Chamber, 1921-1976
52 v.
Issue Date: Volume XI (No. 8) August 1931
Publisher: The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States)
Year: 1931
Language: English
Subject: Philippines -- Commerce -- Periodicals.; Philippines -- Economic conditions -- Periodicals.
Rights
Place of publication: Manila
extracted text: Percy A. Hill Other Features and the Usual Expert Reviews of Commerce AUGUST Cane Sugar In The Phil ippines The Manila Hemp In dustry’s Growth The Rubber Barons Fight to The Death Later Data From Thriv ing Philiopolis The God of the Ma chine Fray Aniceto’sDilemma A Little Matter of Trade Talkies in Prospect 22 Years of Develop ment Walter Robb Howard Wolf, in the Mercury Clarence H. Cook D. R. Williams TRULY .A .MAGAZINE—PREEMINENT -IN -THE -PHILIPPINES For Friends..... at Home or Abroad PIGTAILS TRULY DISTINCTIVE CIGARS A TAB AC ALERA Product When Telegraphing Use The Radiogram Route ORLD IDE IRELESS RADIO CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES INSULAR LIFE BUILDING Phones: 2-26-01 2-26-02 Always Open IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAl August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Always the Same! never The Taste Brewed byi San Miguel Brewery MANILA GAS CORPORATION Filipino Craftsmen QUALITY varies! Samiguel |)nte|)ilscn FUEL GAS. Manufacturing millions of cubic meters of gas each year for the City of Manila. GAS APPLIANCES. For every purpose. COAL TAR PAINT. Preser vative of Wood and Metal surfaces. Snappy Sport Models Men who like style will appreciate the handsone appearance of these new Hike Sport Models. Hike dealers throughout the provinces are showing all newest ones. Modestly priced, too. COKE. A light, convenient fuel. Main Office: Calle Otis, Paco, Manila Display Room: Roxas Building, Tel. 5-69-34 HIKE SHOE FACTORY STYLE CREATORS MANILA 286 San Marcelino IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 DE WALT WONDER WORKERS WOOD AND METAL CUTTING WRITE FOR DETAILS OF THE LATEST DE WALT PRODUCTS MONEY AND TIME SAVERS The CLAUDE NEON LIGHTS FEDERAL INC., U. S. A. of Shanghai, China announce the opening of a lo cal factory and service station at the foot of Ayala Bridge The CLAUDE NEON LIGHT is the Original Neon Light Sign If it is a CLAUDE NEON it is the best If you are interested in a Neon Sign, inquire from the LOCAL AGENTS E. J. NELL CO. 680 DASMAR151AS MANILA EXCLUSIVE AGENTS PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Philippine Advertising Corporation 284 Ayala Boulevard Telephone 2-29-45 J. W. MEARS Manager CONCRETE IS LASTING! The Premier of all Portland Cements “APO” Best by Test True building economy demands materials that will withstand time and the elements and retain its original beauty. For this reason architects, builders and discriminating owners specify “Apo” cement —Best by Test. “Apo”, as its name suggests, is the premier of all Portland cements in the market. CEBU PORTLAND CEMENT CO. Main office: China Bank Bldg. Factory: Naga, Cebu Tels: 2-24-46—2-24-47 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION TH-: A VIE ilSAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 3 CABLE ADDRESS: CODES USED“MAHOGANY” ACME MANILA, P. I. BENTLEY 1 Jbadied’ an J Jine SlalwneTij ATLANTIC GULF AND PACIFIC CO. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS cPlitfippine (ddacation Co., <^nc. 101-103 Scalia, ORanifa CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Industria MANILA, P. I. Philippine Lumber Mfg. Co. MANUFACTURERS AND EXPORTERS OF PHILIPPINE MOHAGONY AND HARDWOODS SHIPMENTS MADE TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD SAWMILLS AT CATABANGAN, CAMARINES SUR, ISLAND OF LUZON QUANTITY - QUALITY - SERVICE MANILA OFFICE: 1028 JUAN LUNA, MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 ALHAMBRA • CIGARS QUALITY SUPREME CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA EXCELENTES—ESPECIALES PRESIDENTES—BELLEZAS LONDRES, ETC., ETC. PROVINCIAL DISTRIBUTORS Cebu....................... Kuenzle & StreifT, Inc. Iloilo.........................Hoskyn & Co., Inc. Dagupan - - - p. Oliver Legaspi - - - - Jesus S. Sierra Davao.......................W. Mueller Tacloban .... Bazar Gran Capitan Hagan - - - - Alhambra Tuguegarao - - - Alhambra Zamboanga - - Kuenzle & Streiff, Inc. In the high grade Manila cigar line ALHAMBRA PRODUCTS have been the UNDISPUTED LEADERS for over 34 years A REMINDER When other means of transportation are at a standstill, you will find our trains in operation TO RAILROAD PATRONS Safety in railroad travel is attested by the records of the last six years when not a single passenger was KILLED in a railroad accident. All our EXPRESS TRAINS are drawn by oil-burning locomotives, free from smoke and cinders. Trains run on schedule and Passengers are sure to reach destination on time. Our HOME DELIVERY SERVICE in Manila has been established for the conve nience of our patrons. If you have some shipments from our Tutuban Station, our EXPRESS TRUCKS will deliver them to your house at a little cost. Call up Telephone 4-97-75 or 4-98-61 in Manila, and give your order to the EXPRESS AGENT. We shall be pleased to serve you. Provincial residents can make their purchases from their dealers through our C. O. D. SERVICE. Send your order direct with instructions to ship by rail C. O. D. We accept the shipment, collect the money against delivery of goods to purchaser, and promptly remit the collection to shipper. has recently been opened between TARLAC and GUIMBA, passing through Victoria. We operate connecting MOTOR FREIGHT TRUCKS between GUIMBA and SAN JOSE VIA MUfJOZ. Through FREIGHT and EXPRESS SHIP MENTS to and from these points are accepted and promptly delivered to consignees. Shipments for points between VIGAN and SAN FERNANDO, UNION, and between BAUANG, UNION, AND BAGUIO, may be billed at any railroad station in care of STATION AGENT at Bauang, who will forward them to destination by Manila Rail road connecting motor trucks. We sell ONE WAY and ROUND TRIP tickets and accept shipments to and from PORTS served by the STEAMERS of the COMPANiA MARiTIMA in the VISAYAN and MINDANAO ISLANDS. Our PARTY RATES allow a discount cf from 5% to 30% of the regular rate depending upon the number of passengers in the group. For further information inquire from the nearest station agent MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY 943 AZCARRAGA — MANILA — TEL. 4-98-61 A new branch railway line We furnish FREE PICK-UP and DELIVERY SERVICE within designated districts in BAGUIO IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Entered as Second Class Matter May 25, 1921 at the Post Office Local Subscription: P4.00 per year Foreign Subscription: $3.00 U. S. Currency, per Single Copies: 35 Centavos WALTER ROBB Editor and Manager One of the Finer Type of Business Men the Philippine Commercial Field Has Developed Is Horace B. Pond, Pres ident of the Pacific Commercial Company, Whose Views on the Current Business Outlook Are Summarized Below The law of supply and demand is working and, slowly but steadily, a better balance is being established and the foundation is being la<d for a recovery. The readjustment will take time, and during such time there will be much economic suffering, but the readjust ment is under way. The much lower price level, the smaller volume of business, the declining inventories, have, at least in the United States, resulted in a plethora of bank credit. As a consequence, interest rates are extremely low. The redis count rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is now but l‘/;% per annum, the lowest rate ever established by modern central banks. The current bid rate for bankers ac ceptances in New York is but 1% per an num, which also is the lowest rate ever es tablished for such paper. If past records are of any value in gauging the present economic depression, it is worth while noting that low money rates occur in the last stages of a depresH. B. Pond The American Chamber of Commerce OF THE Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) ALTERNATE DIRECTORS Sam Fraser Verne E. Miller O. M. Shuman S. R. Hawthorne DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS P. A. Meyer, President H. M. Cavender, Vice-President John L. Headington, Treasurer Leo K. Cotterman W. L. Applegate J. C. Rockwell Kenneth B. Day Wm. H. Rennolds C. S. Salmon EXECUTIVE P. A. Meyer, CAairman H. M. Cavender K. B. Day John R. Wilson, Secretary E. E. Selph, General Couneel COMMITTEES FINANCE W H. Rennolds, Chairman O. M. Shuman FOREIGN TRADE H. B. Pond. Chairman L. L. Spellman M. M. Saleeby MANUFACTURING P. A. Meyer, Chairman Fred N. Berry J. L. Headington LEGISLATIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll J, R. Wilson PUBLICATIONS P. A. Meyer, CAairmar Roy C. Bennett BANKING AND CURRENCY RECEPTION. ENTER TAINMENT AND HOUSE C. S. Salmon, Chairman J. L. Headington W. H. Rennolds J. R. Wilson LIBRARY John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING H. M. Cavender, Chairman G. P. Bradford E. W. Latie INVESTMENTS P. A. Meyer, -Chairman H. M. Cavender I. L, Headington sion and are one of the factors which lav the foundation for recovery. Many indexes of general business conditions are now published in the United States. Those indexes show composite pictures of production and trade. All of those indexes which I hive examined,—Federal Reserve, Babson, Annalist, Brookmire, Standard Statistics—are in agreement that the decline ended from four to six months ago, since which time there has been a very slight upturn, or at least a flattening out of the lines. There may, of course, be relapses, but the evidence now available shows that, barring further upheavals, at least the bottom of the depression has been reached, and, possibly, has been passed. Poor earnings of corporations, and the cutting and passing of dividends may accentuate pessimism for a time, but they are the results of past, not future, events and they generally are most in evidence during the last stage of a depression.* * * A great dispute has raged in the United States over this question of the wage scale, and that dispute is likely to continue for sometime to come. Wage rates are, however, steadily coming down, in some cases by direct cuts, in others by subterfuges, the effect of which is to lower labor costs.* * * For some time the German financial situation has been dangerous. Reparation payments under the Young Plan can be made only as balances are available abroad from an excess of exports and services by Germany over imports into and services to Germany, or from heavy investments in or advances to Germany. For a time very large investments were made in and long term loans were made to Germany. This movement of funds to Germany slowed down after a time and finally practically ceased, except as to short time credits required for current financing. Germany had to depend on an excess of exports and services and on short term credits. As the economic depression swept around the world, the export markets of Germany were restricted, while the steady and, in many cases, the drastic decline of prices made it increasingly difficult to build up the balances abroad required for reparations payments.* * * President Hindenburg appealed to President Hoover to take the initia tive in bringing relief to Germany. President Hoover thereupon submit ted to the Powers concerned a proposal for a moratorium of one year for both war debts and reparation payments. That proposal has, with some conditions imposed by France, been accepted. The reparations payments of Germany amount to about $100,000,000 a year, of which, as war debt payments, about $250,000,000 comes to the United States. The immediate pressure on Germany was relieved. The outflow of gold and foreign exchange stopped for a time, but a credit of $100,000,000 ar ranged thru the Bank for International Settlements, saved the situation, at least temporarily. The immediate effect of the moratorium proposal was stimulating; it was almost universally acclaimed. The prices of stocks advanced sharply, while the prices of many staple commodities advanced slightly. For a short time it looked as if optimism had replaced pessimism; but it was soon realized that the immediate effects of a moratorium had been over-rated; that there still is danger of a German collapse; that there had been no fundamental change in world conditions to justify any material increase in business activity; and that the economic clouds and the menace of Bolshevism hovering over Europe had not entirely passed away. The moratorium for the payment of war debts and reparations was, how ever, helpful; it was a constructive step in the direction of economic equilibrium. Over 5,000,000 Model “A” Fords/ 'J'HERE are over 5,000,000 satisfied Model “A” Ford owners throughout the world today. The experience of these careful buyers is a depend able guide for you to follow in the purchase of an automobile. Place Your Order Now—Easy Terms May Be Arranged ‘After We Sell We Serve” MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY CO. MANILA—CEBU 1660.00 1 1680.00 1890.00 Phaeton .... Tudor Sedan Town Sedan Sport Cabriolet.. P1890.00 II Roadster Standard Coupe . nn II Phoornn Sport Coupe........ 3-Window Sedan. --------- ----------------------Completely Equipped—No Extras Fo Buy—These Prices are Cash, ex. Bodega, Manila IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMER, JRNAL August, 1931 K Cane Sugar in the Philippines Sugar cane is probably native to the Philippines. In 1521, when Magellan reached the islands the inhabitants gave his men a kind of caramel such as Chinese on calle Tetuan and other streets of Manila make nowadays; and the sugar for this caramel could not have been imported. But though Europe had a great appetite for sugar, and sugar-cane from India was trans planted to the western continent, the Philippine industry did not develop: sugar could not be shipped from the Philippines to Spain, and space in the annual galleon to Mexico was too costly for such a staple. The sugar industry did not develop in the Philippines because there was neither a domestic nor a foreign market for it; sugar and sugar-cane products were made in the villages and on the farms, as they are now, and peddled in town, as they are now, by market women. It was only after the advent in the Philippines of the steamship, that Philippine sugar found buyers to speculate in exporting it. The first cargo is thought to have been one ship ped to Australia in 1859. The British, because of their China-Japan trade, became quite interested in Philippine sugar. They also led the world in making sugar machinery, and got Phil ippine planters to buy some of it by taking payment for it out of the addi tional recoveries it effected. This was ' open-kettle sugar. The Filipinos made it eagerly when the British opened markets for it in China, Australia, and Japan; in 1895, on the eve of the revolt against Spain, 341,469 metric tons of this sugar were exported. The century-end revolutions upset things here in all industrie, farmfng partic ularly, and it was not until 1922 that the sugar ex ports of 1895 were surpassed: and then only slightly. The Philip pines are now producing and exporting about 800,000 metric tons of centrifu gal sugar which, with free entry, is marketed in the United States. This yield is from 36 mills. Filipinos own 16 of them, Americans 10. Spaniards 9. 1 is under cosmoGrowing Sugar Cane in the Philippine Islands politan ownerTwenty-two years j.L>m the begin ning of free trade with the U. S., the Philippines have 36 modern sugar centrals. CH ship. Filipinos own the farms that grow the cane, farms that used to be equipped with the antiquated open kettle mills that lost so much of the cane juice. These oldtime farms were of medieval quaintness. The pointshared 1-handlcd plow and the bamboo branch harrow were the field tools, the carabao the motive power. The farmyard was a square of several hec tares. In one side was the plantation house, on the others the mill, the animal sheds, and the warehouses; and around this center the cotters’ huts, of bamboo and thatch, were grouped. All this is present in the industry now, excepting the mill, which stands, rusted and dismantled, a memorial to feudal times when each plantation was self-sustaining. The cotters’ women made the cloth their families required, and children made fiber bags for the sugar; the plantation provided all table wants, even fish of an indifferent quality from the streams and ponds; the crops were shared between the cotters and the landowner, and the landowner’s share was 100% net profit because he furnished the cotters nothing, not even points for their plows. Cockpits conveniently located, the only diversions from the year’s mono tonous work, garnered the cotters’ money regularly enough to keep them permanently in debt-and obligated to remain on the land and work the fields. The landlord had very light respon sibilities; he devoted himself to books, merriment and travel; and after the revolutions and the change of sover eignty, he furbished up his education, made himself a lawyer and entered politics. He is in politics, law and medicine today; he boasts a code and tries to live by it; his younger brother becomes a priest, of Rome, or a com mander of constables; occasionally a member of the family goes into business. Business slowly becomes a respect able calling for sons of the plantations, because they are associated in it with Americans and Europeans: they are stockholders and officers in sugar-central companies, steamship companies, im port-export companies, etc. Shop keeping, of course, is not yet respectable and is still left contemptuously to the Chinese—for whom it makes many a fortune. The sugar-planter’s claim to being a gentleman is no vain assumption. He is hospitable to a guest, gay with women, paternal to subordinates; as a class he gambles inveterately, generously and fairly; he neither abjures religion nor gives it much attention, but his children are born and reared in it, his dead are buried in it; and he makes a thoroughly bourgeois marriage in which the ends of property and propriety are docilely and obsequiously subserved. This gentleman of the sugar industry is a man of parts ill-fitted to the limited rewards of ambition and talent existing in his community: he will fritter a fortune away on a single campaign for a provincial governorship, or the priv ilege of stepping from the gubernatorial chair to the Philippine legislature. You can not blame him, and least so if you know him. He is an admirable gentleman, but by the same token he is a most indifferent planter. Since 1909 his sugar has been going duty-free into the largest sugar market in the world, that of the United States. Seemingly, there has been every induce ment for him to enrich his farm and improve its cultivation. Actually, how ever, he has just had a great deal more money to spend. Frequently he has leased the plantation and moved away from it; and his lessee has sub leased theplaceto men who in turn rent parcels of it to tenants plant ing sugar on the shares. The own er has gained ad ditional revenue from the sugar byhis capital interestinthesugar central built to mill the cane in his community, (Please turn to page 20) August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 The Manila Hemp Industry’s Growth Manila hemp is the basis of every foot of good cordage in the world, other fibers are substitutes. G0 Manila hemp, the world’s prime cord age fiber, is indigenous to low moun tain regions of the Philippines with an abundant rainfall distributed through out the year, but not to Manila or in deed to this coast, where the dry season is distinct. It grows without replanting, or practically wild, in southeastern Lu zon and the Bisayas, and is replant ed in the Davao-gulf region about every 10 or 12 years. On Luzon, too, the fiber is commonly stripped from the petioles (it is a relative of the banana) by hand, one of the hardest labors man performs; but in Davao machines do this back breaking, gut-rupturing work, and the industry is more advanced there, where the plantations date withthe Americanoccupation and later, than in the regions where feudal farm ing still prevails and owners are in different about unit costs and produc tion. Hemp goes loosely bundled in piculs of 137 J/2 lbs. from the farms to the shipping ports, and from them to Manila or aboard ocean steamers in well -pressed bales of 275 lbs. A month ly averageof 13,087 metric tons of this fiber is exported from the Philip pines. A little is ma nufactured locally. The public’s buying power is largely determinable by its price, because about 2 persons in 5 in the Philippines live in the hemp regions and directly or indirectly support them selves from the hemp industry. Filipinos have always used Manila hemp, abaci as they call it, for making cloth. They laboriously strip the fiber clean of cellulose, wash it and dry it in the sunlight, and tie the fibers into threads long enough for the loom. They macerate the fiber in a mortar, to soften it as much as possible. But, though it takes color well, it makes a harsh cloth at best. Hemp cloths, pinokpok and sinamay, are made in Albay and Marinduque, Samar and other provinces where easy means of transportation has not entirely supplanted the native fab rics with cotton cloth, which is of course much preferable. Hemp cloth is a good sail cloth and still used as such on hundreds of little craft in Philippine inland waters. Hemp cord can also be made into seins, and hemp is very resistant to the action of salt water. It was for such domestic purposes, cloth, seins, sails, rope, that hemp was used in the Philippines until Britain and the United States began trading at Canton and frequently running ships to Manila, a trade that grew rapidly after the Spa nish monopolies of overseas trade were abolished in 1830 and smuggling was no longer necessary. Both the Yankees and the British soon discovered that Manila hemp made superior cordage; they liked to outfit their ships with it, and began buying homeward cargoes of it. The Yankees experimented with it for making paper, with success, too, because there was a free press in America, where pop ular education created more demand for newspapers and books than the scanty Drying Hemp Fiber After Stripping linen-rag supply could satisfy. England and Scotland had more linen and less public-schooling, and confined their use of hemp to the cordage trade. Both Britain and America used Manila hemp liberally in equipping the big mer chant fleets of sailing vessels they traf ficked with on the seven seas, and Bri tain found it of equal value in her war ships while she was defeating Napoleon, humbling France and making herself mistress of the seas. When steam re placed sail, there was still use for hemp in the massive cables steamships require; in this function hemp from Manila di vides honors with the finest steel today. After the Civil War in America, Bri tain gained the ascendancy in the Manila trade; America was practically off of the seas, though Germany was claiming her place fast enough, and America bought Manila hemp via England, e. i. f., landed in American ports by British ships. It is still thought necessary to have foreign ships in the carrying trade between the Philippines and the United States, but Manila, hemp for the American market has been bought in the islands and ship ped directly to America since the Philip pines came under the sovereignty of the people of the United States. The United States gives the Philippines a market for higher grades of hemp than England buys; whereas American and Philippine banking and insurance and steamship interests share the benefits of the direct trade, Filipino labor gets the grading and conditioning work that was formerly done in England on the hemp fiber des tined for America. Japan comes in of late as a third good customer for Manila hemp, taking both the ordinary cordage grades, even the lower ones, and very high fine grades that make into hat braid. Japan also knows how to crack away the crust from the bundles of fiber, and what is left is a cotton of long staple and the fi nest strength and whiteness. Not much is known, however, of the practicability of this process when cotton is at nor mal prices; it may not pay excepting when cotton is high, but low cheap gra des of hemp can be used for it. The Philippine government takes an interest in grad ing hemp for export in order that the growers may obtain the prices pertaining to the grades they sell; there is a fiber grading board doing this work, formerly in the indifferent hands of a govern ment bureau. Manila hemp is on the American free list. Such a product, absorbing tor rents of rain in its growth, can not be cultivated in the United States; yet for ships, for well drills, for rope and cordage generally, such a product is needed. England, of course, had it mo nopolized in ’98; even the grades of the stripped fiber, of which there were few, were England’s; it was a profitable commerce to buy hemp but half-classi fied, insure it with a British company, ship it on a British ship to Scotland or England, clean and properly classify it there, then, with charges, insurance and freight collected once more, reship and sell it wherever there might be de mand. An export duty applied in Manila, which became a wedge to ease Britain out of this trade so far as it concerned America; the Taft commission decreed a rebate of the duty if the hemp was (Please turn to page 20) THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 Rubber Barons Fight to the Death Howard Wolf, in the “American Mercury”, tells you why you get your tires for a frac tion of their worth, why too tire companies’ dividends are low..........Second Installment III The cause of the astounding losses registered by the tire companies may be told in two words—jealous rivalry. Abolish it and the industry would not be hamstrung by: 1. Continually diminishing sales prices; 2., Continually increasing durability of product; 3. Over production; 4. Unfavorable bulk sales contracts; 5. Lack of control over raw material prices. The basic disease could be cured in a single afternoon by enticing three prominent residents of Akron into the back room at Pete’s place and rush ing in the gin bucks and Canadian ale. One of the men I should invite to that session is the absolute monarch of one of the four largest rubber factories. The other two are presidents of other big companies, responsible to directors, it is true, but still wielding sufficient author ity to ratify an agreement with their more independent fellow president. One of the three, it happens, is a tee totaler, and it might be necessary for Pete’s honest serving men to hold open his mouth while the first few rounds were poured down, but after that all would be amity and good fellowship. Goodyear, Goodrich and Firestone, the three companies represented in that imaginary session, along with United States Rubber, rule the tire industry. None of their rivals is large enough to be mentioned in the same breath with them. If Goodyear, Good rich, Firestone and United States should decree tomorrow that tire prices be immediately advanced 25%, the en tire industry would fall in step as in stantly and eagerly as the unemployed rubber workers take their places in the Akron soup lines. United States could even be left out of it. Wealthy and power ful as it is, it could not buck the com bined Akron concerns—and it would not be so inclined. Any price raising by the Terrible Three of the Rubber City would be greeted with whoops of joy and an equal boosting of rate schedules at United States headquarters. Of all the experts who have held consultations over the rubber indus try’s forlorn condition only a few of the less statistically minded have point ed out that with domination of the business centered in Akron it should be easy for the leaders to get together on a programme. Most of these wizards note that some 30,000,000 of the 70,000,000 tires produced in this country in a normal year come from Akron and its suburbs, but they overlook an im portant little twist of human nature. The fact that the rubber rajahs are neighbors is precisely the reason why it is impossible to get them together. They envy one another, distrust one another, and fear one another. As an Akron newspaper columnist has said, any given rubber magnate finds more joy in kicking any other magnate in the pants than he would get out of de claring a common stock dividend. Of all the current business writers only Mr. B. C. Forbes seems to have an inkling of the situation. Forbes has mentioned “personal jealousies” in the industry— and contented himself with that gen erality. If he had ventured to be spe cific he would have been forced to point to Akron’s Big Three as the deadly enemies of the industry. Goodyear, Goodrich and Firestone bear for one another a profound anti pathy that-extends even to rivalry over the amount of publicity each gets in its home-town newspapers. If the ac count of one company’s annual meet ing runs so much as a paragraph short of the space awarded a rival firm’s account, the anguished cries of the offended brass hats rise to Wagnerian volume. That may seem merely ludi crous, but the situation loses its humor when one recalls that this attitude is the cause of idiotic contests in build ing needless factories, huge battles over profitless accounts, and prepos terous price slashings at the drop of the hat. Once the great enemies were Goodrich and Goodyear, although there was no excessive exchange of personal amenities between Frank Seiberling, then Goodyear’s president, and Harvey S. Firestone. Goodrich, the older and larger in the days when the two-com pany race really began to wax heated, was soon passed, and the Seiberlingdirected Goodyear mounted to dizzy heights of supremacy. But Seiberling was toppled from his throne in 1921 and the minions of Wall Street swarmed over the company. Goodrich, also bossed from New York but not contending with such burdensome handicaps as the Goodyear refinancing proved to be, grew stouter and stronger than ever before. Then Firestone, letting out a burst of speed, broke into the big time by driving ahead of Goodrich in the tire line, but eventually Good year, ditching its Wall Street reorgan ization in favor of a new refinancing, pulled away from both. Today the threecornered warfare between the three leviathans is as deadly as the old twocompany feud. The personalities in this war today are Firestone, Paul W. Litchfield of Goodyear, and James D. Tew of Good rich. Litchfield, firmly grounded in his presidency and holding the confid ence and esteem of the financial and industrial magnates behind the com pany, has risen to challenge Firestone as the dominating individual in the industry of which Seiberling was once the colossus. Tew, much newer to his job than Litchfield, has managed to boss a once-turbulent organization over which his predeccessoi- ruled a little less than six months, an organization that has witnessed a long procession of arriving and departing brigadier generals. Neither of these gentlemen is inclined to truckle to Mr. Firestone, and Mr. Firestone does not get along with anyone, sparing Mr. Henry Ford and Mr. Thomas Alva Edison, save when the knee is bent. Over-rated nationally through his acceptance by Ford and Edison as the Third Musketeer, and under-rated in Akron, Firestone is undoubtedly as able a business man as the rubber industry has ever known. In Akron he is credited only with be ing lucky, but luck will not account for his survival through a long period of years marked by two tremendous de pressions and his continued reign as the only individual controlling a firstline rubber company single-handed. Farm boy, horse trader, buggy sales man and self-made millionaire, he has native shrewdness and bulldog tenacity to thank for his success. He has played a lone hand in the rubber industry and he has raised more hell than any dozen other men. A comparatively new factor in the tire sales warfare inaugurated the last disastrous price cutting in 1930, but Firestone’s was the first of the manufacturing concerns to follow suit. In the old days of not so long ago the price slashing was usually a one-man affair, and the one man was Firestone. Always he saved himself from disaster by realizing sufficient cash on quick sales at the reduced rates before the others could fall in line. His price cut tings are made a matter for prideful parading in his Samuel Crowther-written “Man and Rubber”. His most specta cular swordplay, a sweeping 25% cut in 1920, may have thrown the entire industry into confusion, but it saved Firestone, as he admits through Crowther. Whether he has been an asset or a liab ility to the industry as a whole, it must be admitted that he knows how to take care of himself. Although he is the most hated man in the industry, the epic personal hatred of rubber is not between him and Litch field or Tew, jealous as that rivalry is, but between him and William O’Neil, the president of General. O’Neil, the son of an Akron merchant prince, started in the rubber business as a dis tributor of Firestone products in the Kansas sector, and he organized his (Please turn to page 20) August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 Later Data from Thriving “Philiopolis” This imaginary American city manufacturing goods sold ex clusively to the Philippines, might be the actual city of Kansas City, Missouri. ... By Clarence H. Cook. Clarence H. Cook Financial Editor, Bulletin Philippine ex ports are of a limit ed variety. The major items may be counted on the fin gers of one hand, sugar, copra, hemp, coconut oil, lumber and tobacco. It is due to the ready market for these products of our farm lands in the United States, and the profits that have accrued from them, that sufficient capital is available in this country, to purchase the innumer able commodities, not now produced here, but which, nevertheless, as living stand ards have improved, have become recog nized as necessities of life. Few stop to consider seriously the great list of products, so necessary to progress, development and the maintenance of standards, that this country would be either in part, or wholly deprived of, in the event the duty-free relations with the American market were severed, and commodity profits now enjoyed, turned to commodity loses, as of course they would to a large extent. It is well to consider these things in their true light and value. Few people realize the actual poverty of diversified production, both agricultural and in dustrial of the Philippines. This is a field that must be developed before the Philippines can lay claim to econo mic independence. Walter Robb*, well known local writer and editor of the American Chamber of Commerce Journal has drawn prob ably the clearest picture ever presented to the people of this country, detailing imports from the United States that may be classed as actual necessities. Mr. Robb has visualized a theoretical city, which he has called “Philiopolis,” in which these commodities are produced and with the assistance of reliable Wash ington statistics has compiled the following, and to many of us startling figures, detailing many of the products we are now -able to enjoy as the result of the ready and profitable sale of Phil ippine products on the duty free Amer ican market, and without which we would to a great extent be deprived. Without a market there can be no profit, and without profitable sales, there can be little development or progress. On the basis of 1928 and 1929 Philip pine import figures, together with United States Census of Manufacturers, 1921 (latest edition available) and United States Year book of Agriculture, 1930, it has been possible to arrive at fairly accurate figures for the revision of the activities of “Philiopolis”. The United States Census of Manufacturers gives the total value of the product of all leading industries, the number of la borers employed therein, and total an nual payroll. By dividing the value, or in some cases quantity, of Philippine imports of the products of any one in dustry into the total produced value or quantity, a co-efficient is obtained which, when applied to the total number of laborers and total payroll for that particular industry, gives numerical val ues of great average accuracy for the fraction of the industry which may be considered as belonging to the economic establishment of the theoretical, but none the less, real “Philiopolis”. (1) The pasture lands, some 55,000 acres, of Philiopolis maintain 13,500 milk cows valued at over §1,500,000, which yielded the 58,000,000 pounds of natural milk required for the produc tion of 27,000,000 pounds of evaporated and condensed milk and other dairy products exported to the Philippine Islands in 1928. Together with the very large creamery, condensing plant and cheese-making establishments lo cated in Philiopolis, the dairy industry received over §3,000,000 for its gross income, (1929 data not available.) (2) The iron and steel mills, foundries, metalurgical factories, and machine shops at Philiopolis employed over 3,000 la borers with a payroll of over §3,000,000 to produce the §20,980,000 worth of American iron and steel products, tools, and machines required in the Philippines in 1929. (3) The Philiopolis automobile and truck factory employs 1,000 laborers who enjoy a payroll of §1,400,000 and produced 3,700 trucks and 3,600 cars for the Philippines in 1929 which were sold for $7,635,000 (1929 data.) (4) Cotton farmers in the Philiopolis district sell their entire crop from 277,000 acres for $8,717,000 to the huge mill at Philiopolis where 5,300 laborers are employed in the manufacture of cotton goods for Philippine consumption. These laborers receive an annual payroll of over $4,216,000, while the mill prop erties, receive over $2,916,000 in profit. Then, too, these farmers ship $6,500,000 worth of raw cotton from an additional 209,000 acres to Europe and the Orient where it is manufactured into cotton goods for Philippine consumers. (1929 data.) (5) Wheat farmers at Philiopolis cul tivated 199,000 acres from which nearly 3,000,000 bushels of wheat were ob tained. This wheat was sold to a huge flour mill which milled and sacked 143,000,000 pounds of flour for shipment to the Philippine Islands in 1929. The value of the flour at the port of Phili opolis was approximately $4,350,000. There is, also, a sizable bakery in Phil iopolis which produced $300,000 worth of biscuits, macaroni, oatmeal and other breadstuff's required by the Philip pines in 1929. (6) The fishing coasts of Philiopolis supply the Philippines with 22,000,000 pounds of canned fish annually. (1928 data.) (7) Philiopolis also produces (1928 data): 700,000,000 cigarettes valued at $1,600,000 ; 5,500,000 pounds of apples valued at $253,000; 2,250,000 pounds of grapes valued at $190,000; 6,000,000 pounds of citrus fruit valued at $390,000; 3,000,000 pounds of dried and tinned fruits and nuts valued at $200,000; §1,500,000 rubber tires; $750,000 other rubber goods; $75,000 worth of as bestos; $43,000 worth of shoe blacking; §1,500,000 chemicals and medicines; §200,000 watches and clocks; $160,000 chocolate and cocoa; $140,000 coffee; $209,000 candy and chewing gum; $65,000 copper products; $216,000 earths and ceramic products; $1,050,000 fertil izers; $220,000 metal furniture; $390,000 glassware; §215,000 gold, silver and platinum ware; $360,000 hats and caps; §2,100,000 silk, natural and rayon; $1,000,000 soap; $135,000 sporting goods; $150,000 molasses, sugars and syrups; $93,000 tin and tinfoil; §850,000 tobacco leaf; $50,000 toys and trinkets; $675,000 worth of vegetables, fresh, dried and tinned; $350,000 lumber and lumber products; $430,000 wool cloth and yarns; $150,000 motion and talking pictures; $400,000 phonographs and records; $1,650,000 leather goods; $7,000,000 min eral oils; $300,000 other oils; $700,000 paints and varnishes; $1,500,000 paper and paper products; $1,345,000 books and printed matter; $117,000 pencils; $500,000 perfumes and cosmetics; $340-, 000 photographic supplies; $120,000 jew elry; $173,000 salary appliances. •Modesty would incline us to omit this para graph, but, thanking Mr. Cook, we leave it in because it carries the introduction to Philiopolis. As to the origin of the idea, Philiopolis was cru dely built about ten years ago; many friends liked the idea, and with their help the city has grown steadily since.—Ed. 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 The God of The Machine efits from him In the midst thinking of quitting business with Uncle Sam, a ^moment upon our benIt is trite to say that thirty years is a long span in the life of an individual but a short one in the life of a country or people. De spite this truism, however, the past three decades have witnessed a transformation in the political, material, and social status of the Philippines ar.d their people without parallel in recorded history. In the years between, a new generation of Filipinos has entered upon the stage and is today enjoying the fruits of this phe nomenal transformation with no memory and little thought of the stark realities existing prior to its day. Business men and a flood of tourists now arrive Manila in palatial liners, dock at substantial piers, and enthuse over the mag nificent boulevards, parks, hotels, public buildings, and other manifold charms and attractions of one of the most beautiful and healthful cities in the world. Going wider afield, they journey throughout the archi pelago over splendid highways, traverse its inland seas in commodious boats, and find its count ryside dotted with schools, artesian wells, sanitary markets, and other modern conveniences, with a populace enjoying a state of comfort and well-being unknown among the masses of other Oriental peoples. The disposition of these new arrivals upon the scene,—whether Filipinos, busi ness men, or tourists,—is to take all these things for granted, and to lose sight of the “God of the Machine” which made them possible, i. e, the relentless energy, the prac tical directness, and the desire for results, which are a heritage of the American people. This urge for action, inspired by altruism, and given expression through men of the character and calibre of William H. Taft and a line of able successors and assistants, swept clean the wreck of Spanish mediaevalism and upon its ruins builded a modern commonwealth wherein the Philippine peo ple have been and are given opportunity to realize and share—within the limits of their capacity—every development and achieve ment of the ages. “Lest We Forget,” a brief statement of conditions existing prior to American com ing may bring home to present-day Fili pinos, to Americans, and otheis, not only an idea of the distance traveled but a bet ter appreciation of the work and achieve ments of those responsible for implanting in these islands the civilizing influences which mark centuries of Anglo-Saxon struggle against .the forces of ignorance, superstition, oppression, and tyranny. In another connection the writer summarized these conditions as follows: The situation prevailing throughout the Philippines upon American occupation was something appalling. In the City of Manila the death rate among children under one year of age, as shown by Bureau of Health records, was 95 per cent. Surface wells and a contaminat ed city supply system furnished water for drink ing purposes, the use of distilled or artesian water being almost unknown. There was no proper sewerage or other adequate provision for disposal of human waste. The old moat sur rounding the Walled City, and the numerous canals threading the business and residential By D. R. Williams D. R. Wjli.iams districts, were full of refuse and an offence to sight and smell. Smallpox, beri-beri. bubonic plague, tuberculosis.’ malaria, and other pesti lential diseases, were endemic, while the rav ages of cholera were frequent and deadly. Lep ers existed in large numbers, and in most local ities mingled freely with the general public. The treatment of the insane and feeble-minded was a disgrace to civilization. In the whole ol the islands there was not a single hospital or operating room with modern conveniences and appliances. Trained nurses were practi cally unknown, and in many provinces medical attendance of any kind was unobtainable. There was little or no preventive inoculation, and the people lived (and died) without knowledge of germs and of their transmission through food and personal contact. Night air was considered noxious, and windows and doors were tightly closed at nightfall. Epidemics and other calam ities were accepted by the natives as a visi tation of Divine Providence, to be exorcised by the burning of candles and religious proces sions rather than through segregation of the afflicted and other sanitary measures. Given these conditions, and applying them to a people undernourished, lacking in vitality, and utterly ignorant of personal hygiene, and the fact of a high mortality and “scant population” ceases to be surprising. There were but one hundred and twenty miles of railway in the archipelago, this line being British built and owned. Interisland transpor tation was slow and hazardous, the waters be ing poorly charted and lighted. During six months of the year the public highways were little better than quagmires, the larger rivers being either forded or crossed by antiquated ferries, making the marketing of products, except by water, difficult and expensive. With rare exceptions agricultural implements and methods harked back to the time of the Pha raohs, generation following generation with out any appreciable innovations. The Philippines lay on a stagnant back-water, largely unknown and unknowing, their shores scarcely touched by the currents of progress sweeping the world outside their borders. Space forbids any detailed statement of how the foregoing situation, which savored of decay 'and death, has been transformed into a community where the latest discov eries of science, and the most up to date inventicns which minister to the comfort and betterment of mankind, have application within the means of the State and the in dividual. Those on the ground can make their own comparisons and need no further evidence of the changes which have been wrought. Simply as an indication of material progress, it might be noted that Philippine imports and exports have increased from a total of 847,854,000 in 1900 to 8256,260,000 in 1930, which is but a tithe of the possible total had it not been for the uncertain po litical status of the islands, and restrictive land and corporation laws. In the same period $194,053,000 have been spent on public works and improvements, of which $22,241,000 were for development of island ports, while over 2,000 artesian wells have been drilled and 178 separate water supply systems installed. Other hundreds of millions of dollars have been expended on public edu cation and in the construction of hospitals and extension of a modern health service through out the archipelago. The population has increased from some 7^ millions,—this after over three centuries of Spanish rule,— to approximately 13 millions after 30 years of American administration. Not only has the United States opened a new world to the Philippine peoples, where in every right, privilege, and opportunity theretofore denied them is possible, but there has accrued to them through the fact of American sovereignty and Congressional action, a body of advantages and immu nities which make of them today a favored race among earth’s peoples. Without leav ing their own shores, and without any con tribution whatsoever to American revenues, they now have and enjoy among other pri vileges: United States backing for their cur rency system; credit for bond issue at mi nimum interest rates; exclusion of Chinese, with whom they cannot compete on even terms; protection of the United States Army and Navy and service of our Diplomatic and Consular Corps; freedom from foreign ag gression and preservation of internal order;, free entry of island products to the United ’ States and vice versa; administration of' United States public lands, forests, and mines in the Islands and revenues derived from their sale or other disposition; refund of internal revenue taxes collected in the United States on Philippine cigars and like products, together with unrestricted access by Filiipnos to the United States and its Terri tories,—a right now enjoyed by no other Asiatics and by nationals of other countries only on a quota basis. The small iluslrado class in the islands have been granted participation in public affairs up to and frequently beyond the danger point when measured by the good of all. They have today a greater share in Philippine administration, and enjoy a wider range of legislative powers than are appli cable to any State of the American Union. All of the above, and other manifold be nefits, would automatically terminate with the passing of the God of the Machine which brought them into being and has maintained and developed them through the years. This is not the time or place to discuss the wisdom of such a withdrawal, whether from a Fi lipino or American standpoint. The progress made is real and apparent, but it is only a beginning. The processes of evolution can not be forced, and all may be lost in an attempt to cash in too soon on present gains. He who runs may read and form his own conclusions. August, 1931 THE AMERIfayl CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 Fray Aniceto’s Dilemma This true story from mission records of the town of Santa Teresa is blend ed skillfully with the town's pa troness, Santa Teresa of Avila de la Frontera............... By Percy A. Hill. “In Catholic Christendom,” says Franz Blei, in his volume on Fascinating Women, “two women have played out standing roles.” He mentions these women, Catherine, the little Tuscan nun who drove the antipopc from Rome and brought the true pope, Gregory XI, back from Avignon to St. Peter’s see, and Santa Teresa of Avila, who re formed monastic and nunnish life in Spain in the golden 16th century when it was a difficult task indeed “to restore the ivory tower as the refuge of Chris-' tian purity.” Besides that, Santa Te resa, born of the limpieza of rugged Avila, neither Moor nor Jew in her ancestry, had, for 20 years of her clois tered career, a hard battle with worldly temptations on her own account; as she herself honestly, though cautiously, tells us in her Convcrsaciones. She was high-born and nobly reared. Her father kept the women of his family locked up in the house, a good custom of the period, but he stopped far ahead of custom in having them taught to read religious books and write religious tracts. It was the girl’s mother who surreptitiously widened the curriculum to embrace secular literature—devastat ing romantic tales and ballads—so that Teresa grew up quite a normal girl and became a woman of great good sense and intellectual powers that made her will invincible. She did many saintly acts during her life of 76 years. Blei mentions these blessed works of hers, but overlooks the fact, important in the Philippines, that her name adorns a town in the Ilokos region of northwestern Luzon that is quite as unchanging as Avila itself, her hallowed birthplace— Arila, nothing but saints and stones. Santa Teresa, which you will whisk through in your motor without further notice than an exclamation over its beautiful church, is inhabited by simple folk won to the Cross perhaps in Sal cedo’s time. There is the plaza, a common, a grimy Main Street with Chinese general merchants preempting its best business corners, and back from all this the topsy-turvy blocks of thatch cottages. There is also the unkempt playa, the seashore, where there are always some' fishing boats drawn up on the beach. Fields stretch from the shore back across the narrow plain and in terraces up the mountains a little way—fields of rice—and the people of the town divide their time between farming, fishing, idling and cock-fight ing, and religious festivals and obligations. Life is languid in Santa Teresa, weeds that would be some exertion to keep cue down grow over the plaza; paths through them lead to the church. Domestic animals, goats, carabaos and scavenger swine, wander about or seek thpir case in the shade of the scattered mango and acacia trees. Children make play grounds of the shady places, and the elders of the town have their gathering places along Main Street where they look with grave concern upon the way ward young folk who have learned letters out of books and gained knowl edge of far-off places—Hawaii, Puget Sound, California—where magnificent adventures are met with and enormous wages in gold are paid for a man’s day’s work. Maidens of Santa Teresa give god speed to brothers and lovers bouncing out of town on traffic trucks with their emigrant bundles and their high hopes and promises of coming back home after a few years with money saved to pay for a wedding and a little paddy land. Dreams. . . .dreams of youth. The sun goes down, the boom of the tide is heard, just as always; and the throb of pestles in hewn mortars in every dooryard, where peasant girls and little boys are hulling rice for supper. Often there are fish, for ulam, and indifferent vegetables arc boiled for the gulay. The place used to have an indigo in dustry, thanks to the friars, but a farcountry called Alemania, that predatory Germany you'have heard of, killed the indigo business with coal-tar dyes. Where the ebb tide at Santa Teresa leaves expanses of muddy flats, old women, their skirts kilted between their legs trouser-fashion, pounce upon fish unwarily caught in the pools and eke their gleanings out with crabs and mollusks. They, too, these faded peas ant women, have lively, happy counten ances and are able to banter and jest as if sorrow were never near their hearts; whereas it can never be very far away from their hearts, what with the fevers that carry off little children at dreadful rates, what with the crowded parish from which their sons, when young men ready to marry, must go so far to earn some savings and stay so long absent from home. No wonder the folk of Santa Teresa pray a great deal, they have need of much divine mercy. But a great won der is their contentment: they accept their lot in Santa Teresa as if God had willed it upon them: they are none of your skeptical modern individualists spoiled by the foolish philosophy of education, exertion and success: what God -wills will come to pass. Yet they superhumanly sacrifice that their children may get book learning in the public schools. Is there no corner of the world where this perni cious rise of the modern spirit has not penetrated? But you must remember that Santa Teresa—very pretty of a moonlit night, by the way—has more excuse than most towns to absorb it self in the business of book learning: its patroness was such a reader of books; and a writer of them, too—at the mere age of childhood, just 14, getting a boy cousin into sin with her in helping her write and secretly circulate in Avila a very diverting romantic story, the work of her erring imagination and the love she had for her collaborator. Santa Teresa once thought seriously of the duty of marrying and becoming a frowsy, frumpy Avilan mother. But she soon thought better of it. Of course all girls in the town of Santa Teresa marry if they can, being Filipinos and so devoted to ancestral teachings and Christian instruction. It was this instinct to mate at mating time that brought scandal upon the village during the decade after the British occupation. Heretics always bring mischief in their wake. For 10 years, from 1762 to 1772, Santa Teresa had no pastor to sanctify its weddings; couples lived together, per force, in what Fray Aniceto called married sin, when he came to occupy the parish in 1772. Fray Aniceto was dumfounded by the situation confronting him. He was beyond mature years, and suffered from a tropical liver; the acerbities provoked by his stubborn digestion, he visited upon his flock from the pulpit. Besides his fiery sermons, he had the town crier take his bell and announce through the streets that all who were living in married sin should repair to the convent at once and have their unions solemnized by canon law. Excom munication was to be visited upon those who refused. Inadvertently, Fray Aniceto's zeal introduced an orgy of easy divorce; some couples reluctantly went to the convent to be decorously married, more repaired there eagerly with com plaints against their spouses, to have their wicked unions nullified. But the majority, to Fray Aniceto’s dismay, remained away altogether. It. was now that Fray Aniceto took matters more firmly in his own hands. He proposed to marry his people ef fectively, if not happily; he took the names of the men and paired them with names of the women, and according to this arbitrary and haphazard ar rangement he called upon the people for obedience. The older couples to whom sentiment was a memory obeyed loyally enough, but most of the younger couples held out still; they privately condemned the friar to be smitten of the lightning (Please turn to page 18) 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COM .RCE JOURNAL August, 1931 THIRTY-THREE YEARS You may be as hardboiled as a five-minute egg, or as a bluff barracks-bred manner makes you appear to be, but when the anniversary of the day Old Glory went to the masthead over Fort Santiago, and Captain H. L. Heath, under higher orders, stationed a color guard there from the 2nd Oregon Volunteers and kept them there all night, you doff some of your dourness and you think of gallant days when you were up in the front trenches of life with down on your lip and a gun on your shoulder—days of youth and derringdo. You feel yourself jostled in with your regiment of young bravos and punted about on rotten transports; you itch with the un bearable discomfort of your woolen uniform; you slosh through the muddy encampments, trudge along the gullied breastworks, deploy against the bullet-spit ting blockhouses, stand outpost duty, and bayonet shadows that may materialize into the bolo-wielding enemy. You sigue Dagupan, espera Caloocan: you fire the engine, or control its throttle, or keep the cars coupled on the military trains supplying the army marching northward. You brawl, you take blows and give them quickly. You draw your pay and go down the line . . . you shoot craps, guzzle big draughts of beer, barge into the variety shows and toss dollars at the feet of the Sydney girls. You bait Taft—what the h— kind of pioneer was he, anyway?—but you realize that after all he was not a bad one. You man Taft’s civil-service, an altruist in spite of yourself. You live the earlies, the days of the empire, over again and would give a miser’s treasure to have them back again. Yet you have adjusted yourself to the current order, in absolute contrast with the golden period of your life: you old veterans are admirable burghers now; even more—obeying laws you do not make, acquiescing in a queer and motley regime you can not influence, yet do not approve. An astonishing number of you are success ful, not a few outstandingly so, whether you still live in the Philippines or have made your career in the homeland. Others are less successful, mate rially at least. There is a song of the oldtime camp meeting and revival days (which decisively in fluenced your callow years, admit it or not), When the Roll Is Called Up Yonder. But it would be inspiring to call the roll down here, of the'miners, the maestros, the homesteaders, the teamsters, the road and bridge builders, the contractors and sub contractors, the postmasters, the linemen—the roll of all the pioneers together—and see them assemble into the regiments of volunteers and regular troops making up the rank and file of the forces of the occu pation and the Philippine campaign: for a more capable generation of men was never bred. Only memory, however, is the bugler; and many are sleeping deeply and can not hear the call. But when the roll is called up yonder, especially if it is a call to some vain aid of heaven, they and all the rest of you will be there. JACK IN THE BOX Though there is depression enough in the Phil ippines the Davis administration manages to keep some jack in t'he strongbox, and while it proposes a budget within the expected income of 1*70,000,000 or thereabouts it pays off 1*12,000,000 of bonds and keeps the peso well protected at par. This is some what offset by the declining circulation, shrinking a million or two every week of late, but on the whole it makes the fundamentals of doing business about as favorable as could be expected. But the news papers are bidding Governor Davis goodbye, they believe he is soon to be succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt, who has been governing Porto Rico— a harder post because economically Porto Rico is much worse off than the Philippines. Roosevelt should remain in Porto Rico, where his industrial and land reforms are but well under way; Davis should remain in the Philippines, where his financial policy and his Mindanao program have just been well begun. Because both men should remain in their present positions, perhaps both will be sent to new ones— both the Philippines and Porto Rico will lose com petent governors, and the Philippines will gain another green one. It is also a bad precedent to make the Porto Rican post a stepping-stone to Manila. The body that can put a stop to this rotten politics played at the expense of the territories involved, is the United States senate. If Davis leaves Manila, the senate should give President Hoover but one choice for his successor. That choice is, promotion of the vice-governor general. At the time the vice-governor is promoted to the governorship, a new vice-governor should be chosen. The new vice-governor should be a Democrat, since the governor, if he be the vice-governor pro moted, will be a Republican. Thus the senate can put the governorship entirely out of politics, as it ought to be—as it was up to 1913; and it would again be full of dignity, personal responsibility, power. The government would again be in balance. The senate might even fix a term, say four years, for governors to serve, with a vacation at the end of two years. This term should have no relation to changing administrations at Washington. Until the senate does something similar to the plan here pro posed, and to the purpose of it, the senate will share the ignominy, deep and accursed, of the emascula tion of the governorship of the Philippines. Politics has maimed the office foully: its aims are now worth no attention, for they are puerile, evanescent futi lities. —W. R. August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 A Little Matter of Trade “The Philippines should be free to find markets other than the U. S.’’—when you hear this, smile. Two hundred and thirty-nine foreign ships with total tonnage of 280,846 entered the port of Manila in 1899, and 1,273 foreign ships with — - ------------ total tonnage of 5,116,594 in 1930. Domestic ice to the world in publishing their ships: 683 with total tonnage of 149,129 in 1899; booklet of narrative and statistics on Ma nila and Philippine overseas ----------The comment on this page is based upon The Port of Manila, 1931, and the table of data is reproduced from it. The material is all dehydrated of partisanship; other commentators may use it as they will, for ourselves we shall use it to invite attention once more to the fact that the Philippines are not necessarily losing trade with other countries because they are gaining so much with the United States. The table shows that American trade with the Philippines was millions P10.6 in 1899, millions P367.1 in 1930. But consider the United Kingdom, mil lions P13.6 in 1899, millions P19.1 in 1930; and remember Britain did the bulk of over seas trading with the Philippines in 1899, upon terms she in fluenced in her favor. If to do 50% more trading with the islands now she must quote Philippine cus tomers prices compet ing with free-entry American goods, the customer benefits from her predicament. And consider Japan, her trade with the Phil ippines millions P2.4 in 1899, millions P34.7 in 1930, or .15 times that of 1899. China loses (and Britain with her, the Hong kong-Manila oldtime expensive trade), for Chi na’s trade with the Philippines in 1899 was millions P24.7, and in 1900 it was millions P15.5. With trade direct between the Philippines and other countries, Hongkong’s utility as a way-port for the islands declines. France has 3 times as much trade with the Philippines now as she had in 1899, Spain twice as much, the British East Indies 3J^ times as much, Australia twice as much, Germany 6 times as much, other countries together 20 times as much. Lawrence Benton and the Manila Harbor Boaixl for whom he works as comptroller do a first-rate annual servFOREIGN COMMERCE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS commerce. Distribution of the values of the total trade with various leading countries' during the years 1899 to 1930. Values expressed in millions of pesos Example: PIO,576,692 expressed as 10.6 Total Trade with the United States, 1899 to 1930.. Total Trade with all other Countries. 1899 to 1930. s United States United I Kingdom 1 1 2 C *J ilS £ a £ i | Hongkong | British 1 East Indies 1 | Australasia | : Germany | All Other | Total I Trade 1 1899. 10.6 13.6 2.4 24.7 1.7 7.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.6 68.1 1900. 10.2 27.4 2.5 23.7 1.5 7.0 7.1 5.5 1.6 3.5 5.7 95.7 1901. 16.2 33.7 5.3 16.2 4.7 6.5 6.4 8.2 2.4 4.6 5.1 109.3 1902. 31.3 27.3 2.9 20.3 11.2 7.0 7.3 5.0 1.6 4.7 5.4 124.0 1903. 33.8 28.2 4.9 10.1 16.4 8.8 5.8 4.7 6.8 2.3 4. 1 6.5 132.4 1904. 33.5 26.8 3.3 8.0 12.8 4.9 6.3 5.0 5.5 3.3 3.2 4.9 117.5 1905. 40.9 26.6 3.0 7.6 10.7 6.2 7.3 6.1 5. 1 3.8 3.5 6.2 127.0 1906. 32.7 26.3 2.6 9.5 7.7 7.2 6.8 6.7 4.2 4.1 4.3 6.0 118.1 1907. 30.8 32.4 3.2 9.6 8.2 8.6 7.3 5.4 5.1 4.9 4.8 6.8 127.1 1908. 31.1 26.3 3.5 7.2 11.1 10.2 6.2 6.0 3.2 5.5 4.6 8.7 123.6 1909. 42.3 21.4 3.8 8.2 9.4 11.6 7.0 5.2 3.4 5.9 5.5 8.3 132.0 1910. 74.6 26.9 5.8 6.6 13.4 17.7 7.0 3.4 4.2 6.0 6.2 8.9 180.7 1911. 78.2 24.7 6.5 5.1 13.7 18.9 6.8 3.7 4.-3 6.1 6.9 10.8 185.7 1912. 94.4 29,8 11.2 6.0 22.8 20.4 8.0 4.9 7.4 7.9 9.0 11.4 233.2 1913. 86.2 28.9 14.6 7.7 5.4 13.9 7.4 7.4 4.0 6.6 9.3 10.8 202.2 1914. 96.9 23.4 13.3 1 72 6.3 10.0 6.9 4.6 3.8 6.1 6.7 9.4 194.6 1915. 100.1 25.0 15.0 1 79 13.8 12.6 7.0 7.3 3.7 3.9 0.5 9.5 206.3 1916. 117.1 30.0 19. 1 9.7 13.0 7.0 6.7 8.4 4.8 3.1. 0.2 11.8 230.9 1917. 201.8 26.5 31.1 | 12.8 11.3 4.5 4.9 11.2 4.3 6.0 0.3 8.1 322.8 1918. 296.0 44.5 42.1 19.7 16.6 4.1 7.9 10.1 7.0 8.9 10.7 467.6 1919. 264.3 37.1 37.3 21.9 10.5 11.4 9.7 14.9 7.6 10.7 0.7 37.4 463.5 1920. 395.0 34.6 47.1 25.9 10.2 5.8 12.9 15.0 9.6 10.2 2.8 32.0 601.1 1921. 249.0 17.9 35.1 24.2 6.5 7.8 9.5 10.0 5.4 5.8 7.4 29.3 407.9 1922. 223.7 16.8 29.0 17.8 6.2 4.5 7.5 5.7 4.6 7.1 7.9 20.8 351.6 1923. 270.8 23.3 31.5 15.9 8.3 7.2 10.8 S.2 5.3 6.2 6.6 25.4 416.5 1924. 315.4 30.0 29.6 19.9 19.6 7.0 10.2 5.4 4.9 6.2 9.5 28.8 486.7 1925. 356.7 35.9 33.6 20.9 13.1 6.5 10.1 4.2 7.7 7.8 10.2 30.5 537.2 1926. 343.2 24.8 37.8 19.6 9.2 8.4 9.9 3.4 7.7 7.4 12.7 28.3 512.4 1927. 375.0 27.9 37.6 18.2 2.5 6.5 13.1 3.3 7.5 6.3 13.4 31.6 542.9 1928. 398.9 27.6 39.8 20.1 4.9 8.5 12.0 3.4 8.4 6.1 15.6 34.1 579.4 1929. 434.1 26.0 38.1 20.6 11.6 7.8 14.3 2.7 9.4 5.4 16.8 36.4 623.2 1930. 367.1 19. 1 34.7 15.5 2.0 5.6 11.5 1.5 8.2 3.5 13.1 30.7 512.5 Grand Total of Foreign Commerce, 1899-1930. >5,451,846.022 4,081.829,375 . F9,533.675,397 upon the Philippines, excepting that she is de pendent upon Cuba for sugar and upon the British and Dutch Indies for rubber. She used to be de pendent upon Ceylon for desiccated coconut, but chose to transfer this industry to Manila in 1922 by levying a duty of cents gold per pound upon the foreign product; so the Philippines sold the United States, 19,906,968 kilo grams of desiccated coco nut in 1930, valued at P5,917,419, and they did not sell all other countries even a million kilos of it. Britain is the world’s big baker, and Britain has bins of desiccated coconut in Ceylon. "The Philippines should be free to find markets other than the United States.’’ They should be, they are. The United States even helps them do thia It is a major task of the government here, to which is lent free the trade-repre sentative and consular serv ices of the United States. It is an aim of manufactures here, chiefly sustained by what is sold to the United States. It is a goal of Phil ippine exporters, whose efforts are not at all handi capped by what they sell the United States. The trade obtained is kept bene ficial to Philippine pro ducers by the gold standard of the currency; when custo mers come to buy Philip pine products they pay in gold and find the peso at par, the dissipation of the gold reserve, which made the depression of 1921-1922 more acute, being the only exception. Want of mar kets is not a primary need of the Philippines, but want of capital is; capital for manufacturing, capital in family earnings creating great domestic demands for goods. American com merce has benefited the Philippines no little during the past 30 years, but the islands as a whole and families and communities individually are still wretch edly poor: you can not can fruits for this market, nor pack fish and meat, nor make steel, nor even, it would seem, graze cattle, Manila being the only im portant meat market. But you can raise swine, feed poultry, market eggs, and the people begin doing these things quite intelligently. Industry is incipient here, and, though Senator Hawes says the man who would postpone separation from the United States 20 years doesn’t favor separa tion at all, though he calls this a graveyard solu tion of the problem because in 20 years the advo cates of it will be dead, it might pay to ascertain the actual trend of domestic industries dependent upon the domestic market; for if many of these are beginning to succeed and accumulate capital, 20 years of currency and general trade stability would do them a great deal of good. —W. R. <3,671 with total tonnage of 972,695 in 1930. But other countries than the United States are not as good trade associates for the Philip pines as she is, because they generally buy far less than they send into the country and sell: the trade sets up a gold balance in their favor. .This is true even of Japan, emphat ically true of her; though she is an important buyer of Philippine products, what she sells them in manufactures far overbalances what she buys. Other countries than America have other sources of tropical raw products, if they need them, and more interest in developing them; but the United States is dominantly dependent 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 Comment on the Current Talkies By Beryl Hughes Sweethearts and IFires, coming to the Lyric, is a mystery romance star ring Billy Dove and Clive Brook. The story concerns a stolen necklace of diamonds. Had the necklace not been stolen, Lady Deptford would not have been in danger of a divorce from her husband and Patricia, her sister, would not have gone to the lonely de serted inn near LeTouquet in the south of France to recover it. But it was stolen while Lady Deptford was pay ing a clandestine visit to another man’s apartment. Patricia was getting along very well at the inn and had almost recovered the necklace when someone arrived unexpectedly and she was forced to assume the disguise of a maid. The thief slid through her fingers and when she found him he was dead, murdered. That complicated matters, and Lord Deptford hired a clever divorce law D A. DIO—Now Showing / with JACKIE COOPER and Marion Shilling Mighty drama of man’s redemp tion through a child’s almighty faith. yer to unravel the mystery. The sol ution is novel and interesting. Abraham Lincoln. We have been waiting for this picture. It ranks with the few pictures to remember. David Wark Griffith has made this his master piece, thanks to his own artistry, a marvelous cast and a magnificent script written by Stephen Vincent Benet. Wal ter Huston plays with dignity, finesse, and grandeur the part of Lincoln. The poignant love affair with Ann Rut ledge, Sheridan’s ride as one of the Civil war sequences, and the assas sination of the President in Ford’s theater, the picture moves dramatically and beautifully. This picture coming to the Lyric should not be missed. Dirigible. Ralph Graves and Jack Holt have been up in the air once be fore in Flight, under the seas in Subma rine and in many costarring adventures WORLD-BELOVED STARS IN GREAT HUMAN DRAMA! MX since Columbia decided to make a team of them. Their new picture is the best of the lot, and is a combination of Byrd’s flight to the South Pole which had no love interest, except the love of adven ture, and the usual triangle of two men in love with the same girl. There is action, plenty of it, an absorbingly interesting story and some good acting. Coming to the Fox. Golden Dawn. Hot on the heels of Trader Horn comes another picture of the jungles of Africa, but quite a different picture. Originally a light opera written by Oscar Hammerstein and Otto Harback, it has been trans ferred to the screen with few changes. Dawn was supposedly native and had been imprisoned in the jungle as the bride of the pagan god Mulungha. She is discovered by a young British Offi cer who attempts to free her, but Shep Keys, a Dutchman who has joined the native troops, wants Dawn for him self. He incites the natives against her and they prepare her for sacrifice. She is saved in a most unusual way and restored to her lover and civili zation. Coming to the Lyric. Young Donovan's Kid. Jim Dono van, gang leader, becomes the guardian of Midge Murray, a seven-year old boy whose brother has been killed in a fight while protecting Donovan. Midge is an incorrigible youngster, so Jim seeks advice from the parish priest. The priest sends his niece Kitty to Jim’s quarters to look after the boy. Everything goes well until Duryea, a nosey individual from the Child’s Welfare society, takes Midge away and places him in a house of correction. Jim is bitter and vows vengeance against all law and order. Kitty, however, keeps him on the straight and narrow path. The two are seen together often, especial ly when Kitty takes large sums of money from her office to the bank. One day Jim visits Midge, and Kitty is robbed on her way to the bank. Jim and Kitty are suspected and arrested. Jim realiz ing that he will be framed because of his past record, breaks arrest, finds the robbers, and after a hard fight recap tures the loot. He is seriously wounded but staggers to the police station, returns the money and collapses. That is telling more than enough, we will leave the finish for you to find out. Richard Dix, star of Cimarron and Jackie Cooper, seven-year old boy who scored fame in Skippy, are the stars of this picture. Fred Niblo has made this picture worth seeing, by the care ful handling of a theme that might have become wishy-washy in less capable hands. The acting is natural and con strained and not over done. Jakie Cooper is one of the most appealing youngsters on the screen, and you will (Please turn to page 22) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MEaiiUa nE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 SCENES FROM COMING SHOWS In the upper left we have Fay Wray and Ralph Graves looking down on something or other from a starry height. Perhaps it is Jack Holt, the poor fellow who bses out in this picture entitled Dirigible that will soon be showing at the Fox. Next is the assassination scene from Abraham Lincoln coming to the Lyric. This picture is worth seeing for several reasons: Its excellent story, the excellent por trayal of Lincoln by Walter Huston, and its able direction. On the right, we have Walter Huston again, this time as the criminal lawyer and later warden of a stitc prison in The Crim inal Code, a story of prison life that equals in drama and realism The Big House shown some time ago in Manila. Cmstance Cummings appears in this shot with Huston in ti e role of the warden’s daughter. Coming to the Fox. In the second row on the left is a scene from another gangster picture featuring Richard Dix and Jackie Cooper in Young Donovan’s Kid to be shown at the Radio. No one is put on the spot in this talkie, there is no booze racket nor gang ster’s feuds. It is the story of a man and his de votion to a waif, and if you like tuggings at your heart strings, you will not want to miss this picture. Gay comedy and wise cracks are expected in a Marion Davies picture, and they are forthcoming in It's .4 IJ'i.sc Child coming to the Ideal. It looks like Miss Davies would get whatever she was after even though she went to jail to get it. Marie Prevost is hopeful but not fully convinced. Ben Ilur is being reshown at the Ideal. Ramon Navarro and Francis X. Bush man are about to end their beautiful friendship and go their separate ways. One to the galleys and the other to a position of rank in the Roman army. Edmund Lowe deserts his r61e of hardboiled tough to play the glib philanderer with Jeanette MacDonald and Una Merkel in Don’t Bet On Women. Roland Young also is a member of the cast, so you know you will enjoy the picture, that is, if you like him as well as we do. Clive Brook may be about to be poisoned by Billy Dove but he certainly is nonchalant about it. He is the detective in Sweethearts and Wives, and Miss Dove does a bit of sleuthing on her own also. Detectives are apt to be snooty and high hat especially when they have a reputa tion in London to uphold. A Lyric showing. At the left in the bottom row: Robert Mont gomery has acquired a nice shiner from one of his Shipmates, and Earnest Torrence as the bosen’s mate is not very sympathetic, they so seldom are. This is Montgomery’s first starring picture and his fans will see him in a rfile much different than his usual ones, but they will like it. To The LYRIC offers you the utmost in mo tion pictures—as evidenced by the following list of superb Talking Productions to be exhibited soon ABRAHAM LINCOLN with WALTER HUSTON SWEETHEARTS Znd WIVES - with CLIVE BROOK BILLY DOVE BE YOURSELF SON OF THE GODS THE BEST IN SOUND MOTION PICTURES be seen at the Ideal. Ed Wynn looks as though he were a part of the group at the extreme right, but he isn’t. You will laugh at him in Following Through at the Fox. That other group is from Charley's Aunt coming to the Fox. This time Charles Ruggles plays the leading part, and he does it well. This is an old time favorite. ________ —B. H. Ben Hur coming to the Ideal. If you have seen it before you may want to see it again. If you have not seen it, now is the chance. It is a great picture, extravagantly produced, capably acted and tells an interesting story. The di rectors have closely followed Lew Wal lace’s plot in this story of a Jewish boy, a Roman patrician in Jerusalem at the time of Christ. Shipmates. Robert Montgomery de serts his usual polite drawing room settings for the deck of a battleship in his new picture that is coming to the Ideal. He returns in a performance that has a William Haines flavor and plays his first starring part in a firstclass manner. The genuine navy was use in the filming of this picture and some excellent effects are the result. Montgomery plays the role of Jonesy, a lad rather weak kneed but ambi tious. He overcomes his handicap and wins an appointment to Annapolis. He meets the admiral’s daughter and to make an impression, pretends to be a rich oil man. A lieutenant also knows the daughter and wants her. Jonesy has not taken the navy as seriously as he might, but to win the girl he is forced to make good. Ernest Torrance as the rough and tough old bosn’s mate steals the picture, and Hobert Bosworth, as the admiral is excellent. 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL AugUst, 1931 igu I Visit Americans Oriental (h t MANILA—the capital city—also krowi s beckons you. Make your visit di ring f k; natural beauties are enhanced by lhe fk-.n fete which is the main attraction that J a ws Sixteen Days and Nights of Unrestrained Fun CINTILLATING with multicolored electric bulbs—giving it a fairy like touch which converts it into a glorious place of beauty and romance, the Carnival Auditorium is the Mecca of all Carnival devotees. The Manila Carnival is the only affair in the Philippines when the Cosmopolitan popu lation—men and women of all races and nationalities—join hands to make it a veritable parenthesis in life’s everyday grind. A real pause from all worries. Folkloric Songs and Dances See and hear how the Filipi nos—long before the advent of the Spanish Conquistadores— made love, engaged in war and mourned in plaintive and melodious tunes. Gorgeous Balls Gigantic Parades Picturesque Costumes Wonderful Shows Attractions Galore 1932 Carnival, Con ■ r al Philippine Carnrv WALLACE FIELD IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNs IN I igust, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 tpost—The Philippines. a : s the “Playground of the Far East” ia Carnival time when the country’s glamor, gaiety and color of this annual faws the crowd from all over the world. The Commercial and Indus trial Fair held yearly in con nection with the Carnival is a most comprehensive expo nent of the country’s progress. It also constitutes a complete exposition of the vast possib ilities offered by the undevel oped natural resources of the Philippines. Provincial Exhibits Insular Booths International Pavillions Livestock Show Food Preserve Exhibits * al & Industrial Fair HONORARY PRESIDENT His Excellency, the Governor General HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS The President of the Senate The Speaker, House of Representatives The Vice-Governor General The Admiral, Commanding the Asiatic Fleet The Commanding General, Department of the Philippines The Mayor of Manila The President, Municipal Board MEMBERS, BOARD OF DIRECTORS Hon. Manuel L. Quezon, Chairman Hon. V. Singson Encarnacion Mr. Thos. J. Wolff Hon. Felipe Buencamino, Jr. Hon. Jorge B. Vargas Col. Clifford Jones, U. S. A. Hon. Pio V. Corpus Judge M. V. del Rosario Hon. Melecio Arranz Dr. Albino Z. Sycip Mr. Juan Posadas, Jr. Mr. Leopoldo R. Aguinaldo Mr. Isaac Barza Mr. H. M. Cavender Hon. Antonio C. Torres Dr. Pedro Gil Mr. K. Andoh Mr. Gregorio Perfecto Gen. J. A. Hull Judge Serafin Hilado MEMBERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mr. Thos. J. Wolff, Chairman Mr. Felipe Buencamino, Jr. Col. Clifford Jones, U. S. A. Hon. Jorge B. Vargas Hon. Pio V. Corpus EXECUTIVE STAFF Mr. Arsenio N. Luz, Director-General Mr. Serafin Marabut, Secretary-Treasurer Mr. Ramon R. Zamora, Advertising Manager /al Association MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 Fray Aniceto’s. — {Continued from page 11) and eaten of the crocodile, so foolish did they think him. But at last even many of the younger couples yielded, terrified by the curse of excommunica tion, and the minority stood to be read out of the church and deprived of par adise. It was here that fate intervened. Fray Aniceto, his parish clerk letting him go blindly on, announced that Rosa Gatdula would marry Timoteo Agtual. Rosa was the village belle, a rose indeed in youth and beauty; she was the daugh ter of a rich farmer, and might have had her choice of the most presentable swains in the parish—they had all volunteered to her father to serve their time for her. But Rosa had been willful and had kept her heart free for a suitor from far away whom she dream ed would one day come to woo her. Rosa had heard romantic stories such as Santa Teresa was given to writing when she was an unsaintly girl of Rosa’s age. Men and women in the congrega tion could not keep back their smiles when Fray Aniceto frowningly an nounced whom Rosa was to wed, for Timoteo was an ugly harelip, a bungi, the village called him. Rosa was terrified but defiant. She kept hoping, too, for the handsome stranger to come and rescue her. And lo, he did. He was a sturdy young merchant with a fair skin and a cunning dark mustache. He came trudging into town with his packs, saw Rosa and made love to her. She waited for no parental consenf, but plighted a tryst, met her lover at the edge of town by night, and ran away with him. What an awakening Santa Teresa and Fray Aniceto and poor Timoteo had next morning! But it was Timoteo who prov ed that he, the most despised and de graded person in the community, the butt of everyone’s jests, the target of children wherever they clapped eyes on him, could rise heroically above this worst discomfiture of all. Timoteo did not think of himself, but of Rosa. It was beyond questioning that any stran ger was a villain, all strangers are vil lains in communities such as Santa Teresa: you do not know if they are even Christians— they may be Protest ants! Where had this stranger taken Rosa? Not by the road, for they would have been observed and overtaken. Nor by the sea, for his boat was left high and dry on the beach and no boats of the fishermen were missing. Timoteo deducted, rightly, that the mad stranger had dared to take Rosa into the mountains. It was certain that the two would meet death there, at the hostile hands of the Igorots. No Santa Teresans ever traversed the mountains, where the pagans’ spears, or their poisoned arrows, or their deadly blow guns, brought death. But now Timoteo dared the mountains. If hu manly possible he would find Rosa and save her; whether she would then care to be his wife was not in his mind. Sometimes you think such sacrificial heroism isn’t discoverable in the untu tored masses, but incidents arise to confound you. Strapping his pasiking, his'grubsack, to his shoulders, Timoteo, with sharpened bolo, set out. He dragged himself up the ridge of the mountains by means of roots and creepers, there was no trail. At the summit he rested for the night. No campfire was visible, no habitation of any sort. Next morning he plunged into the valley and followed the course of a mountain torrent. Orchids made the air drowsy with perfume, butterflies with 8-inch wings fluttered around him; a deer drank at a pool in the stream, his dappled hide camouflaged in the sun light through the overhanging foliage. At dawn of the second day he reached a settlement of pagans in the midst of a small clearing—a handful of flimsy huts. He prostrated himself Malay-fashion, signifying his peaceful errand, and used signs to make his inquiries for Rosa. Gifts he had with him, a mirror, a tiny bell and some gala Ilokano cloth, in trigued the mountaineers and bade them befriend him. He made headquarters with them, and promised them all his wealth, mainly the trinkets he had brought along, if they found Rosa alive for him. They began scouting the whole divide, at last, after five anxious days, reporting back that Rosa and the stranger were in a wickiup on the slope of the divide looking toward Santa Teresa; and Timoteo the bufigi gave them the treasures in his pasiking and set out toward Rosa’s and the stranger’s camp with guides to make his course more sure. He came upon the place at last, but the stranger had fled from it. Rosa’s low moans, as if she were wounded or deathly ill, came to him; and he ran and broke into the shelter and called her name, saying to her, “It is I, Rosa; I, old ugly Timoteo the bungi—I who have come for you, beautiful one!” Rosa was suffering with smallpox, which had made the guilty stranger abandon her. But Timoteo the bungi feared not at all; he knew something about smallpox and he nursed her diligently back to life. Santa Teresa, though a limpieza, contemned distinction upon any such accidental end doubtful ground and counted only the worth she beheld in people; and when she was elderly, and therefore more saintly, she denounced ectasics and mysticism and held very sensibly that it was idle to quarrel over “what kind of earth would make the best bricks.” She looked deep beneath the surface, for character—she would have liked Timoteo and made him a trusted gardener at one of her Carmelite communities. She once redeemed a cleric from the amours into which he had fallen. He was her confessor, and he turned the tables and one day con fessed to her. “I saw at once,” she says generously, “that the unfortunate man was not as guilty as he thought.” The woman who had tempted him had hung around his neck a copper charm— our Philippine anting-anting corre sponds to it—in the shape of an idol. Teresa took it and tossed it into the river—“the priest awoke as if from a dream and became again a man of rigid virtue.” Was it Teresa too that brought the plague of smallpox and threw away the bauble of Rosa’s beauty, the charm that stood in the way of her becoming the virtuous spouse of Timoteo? Perhaps it was. At .any rate, Rosa’s beauty was no more; Timoteo was more than glad to forgive her adventure with the faithless stranger, and she was grateful for his slavish devotion; Fray Aniceto had them at the altar very soon, and the schism was ended with their marriage: the other obdurate young folks stood out no longer, for theirs was the victory—Fray Aniceto lifted the interdict and per mitted them to mate as they chose so long as they came to the church for the ceremony. You must know that the devil is always trying to destroy us, and the angels always trying to save us, in the simple faith the friars brought to the Philippines. And that the faith worked very well, for the devil and the cohorts of hell were readily recognized as none other than the evil ghosts among one’s ancestors, and the angels were of course the benevolent ghosts. Timoteo thought nothing wrong, beginning his search for Rosa, in supplicating the saints and the good spirits, and defying Satan and working charms to ward off the evil ghosts. Just as today, in the rice fields of Santa Teresa, whirls are set on stakes with a cross at the top, to keep up a tattoo when the wind blows and scare away the evil ghosts who might other wise visit drouth or locusts or any other dire calamity on the fields. As for the crosses, they put the saints on guard; among them, dear, indulgent Santa Teresa. You know, of course, about Teresa’s death? She was buried in the Carmelite convent at Alba, “behind walls of stone and iron,” but devotion would not let her lie in peace. Two monks worked four nights to exhume her body, and members of it were taken away as holy relics. A nun sheared off her hair. “Cities, greedy for the pilgrim trade, quarreled over the rest of her body.” But finally something was left, and it was reverently reinterred at Alba. Her blessing is upon the Ilokano town that bears her name, her image adorns the parish altar, and the day of her canonization as a saint is the day of the parish fiesta. When the people see her image, they know it admonishes them to unpreten tious virtue. Such as Timoteo the bungi had, and his wife Rosa—after the smallpox stole her beauty. August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 Sultan Jamalu'l Kiram II of Si lu hails from th1* horizon whence the blustering southwest monsoons sweep upon Manila, and to this city he is like the breezy southwestern tvcoons of the cattle ranches that Texas and Oklahoma were wont in times gone by to send down'east to Washington. When he signed the Arabic script of his oath of office and allegiance to the United States at the senate August 4, he brought with him the atmos phere of the great open spaces of the pirate seas in the days of Kiram I. His costume might have been the trove from a rich Indiaman over hauled in the straits of Malacca before Raffles built Singapore and shut the pirates out. His business suit, finely tailored, was a fashionable striped gray. It was eked out with spats. His blue fez was set off with brilliant yellow. His shirt was of violet silk: his cravat, a darker hue of the same color, was studded with pearls. His ivory cane, gleaming white, had a head of gold studded with pearls and rubies; and other jewels adorned his pudgy hands. Speaking no language known to the senate, a secretary was with him to interpret his remarks into English, for someone else to put into Spanish. In the senate this secretary sat beside him. The embossed betel-box was in evidence, and His Sultanic Majesty ruminated quids of lime-andbetel as the session proceeded. Frantically, some thoughtful person hustled in a cuspidor and relieved an otherwise embarrassing situa tion. Sultan-Senator Kiram was conducted to his office. “Where are the servants?” he asked. Explanation: The government will pay one secretary, and furnish stenographers upon call; other servants must be paid by Sultan-Senator Kiram. He espied the telephone. “What is that?” He was told, and taught how to dial calls. The electric fan was turned on, and Sultan-Senator Kiram acknowledged its supre macy over punkas. He was then living with a small retinue at the Hotel Palma de Mallorca, but he wanted to lease a palace and stock it in the way to which he is accustomed; but he indignantly rebuked reporters’ previous impres sions that he has more than one wife. He has one wife, and . . . perennial guests. The Kirams have no children. Here is a colorful character indeed. Sultan Kiram will be worth his salary as a senator, even if he does no more than his predecessor, Hadji Butu, for he will be worth it as a royal curiosity—visitors will reach the orient and cross the China sea to knock at his door and get a glimpse of him. When he drives abroad all the city will stare in envious wonderment. Choosing him a senator was a good stroke. OVERSEAS UNITED STATES I Possessions: 1. Organized Territories on the theoretical route to statehood: Alaska, Hawaii. 2. Unorganized territory with much autonomv, but with no statehood theories involved: The Philippines. 3. Unorganized territory administered by naval governors: Samoa, Guam. 4. Unorganized territory watched by Navy Department: Midway Islands. 5. Unorganized territory unwatched by any department: Wake Island. II. Guano Islands: Once possessed, but no longer occupied: Christmas, Jarvis, Howland, Baker. III. Territorial Potential Claims: 1. Arctic: «) Undiscovered islands north of Alaska. b) Wrangell Island. 2. Antarctic: a) Wilkes Land. b) Marie Bvrd Land. IV. Treaty Rights: Naval base, not built: Gulf of Fonseca in Nicaragua. Naval base, lapsed: Tonga Islands. Cable landing and radio station, not existent: Yap. Military and naval access and extraterrito riality, dwindling: China. No modernized military or naval fortifications permitted by 1922 naval-limitation treaty except in Gulf of Fonseca, on Alaska main land and in Hawaii.—Saturday Evening Post. HOMEWARD BOUND! Though mun may progress toward peace, he still quickly hardens himself to war. Thus it was that the ss Kilpatrick, taking 340 officers and men of the U. S. 5th Infantry home from Manila, 26 officers' ladies, and 302 of the first American dead in the Philippine cam paigns, was a gay ship in spite of her somber cargo. The living still had their lives before them. At Singapore a liberal stock of beverages was taken aboard, to last out the trip to New York, and dinners and dances, with two bands spelling each other, made the evenings lively. On the last night at sea the festivities concluded with the masquerade balj which, described in the cvcr-vigilant New York IVorW of September 14, 1899, inspired the following verses in the Chicago Chronicle from the pen of W. A. CrofTut, of the paper's staff—ED. She dipped her flag to the farewell gun In the shade of the mango trees, And turned her prow to the setting sun On the swell of the eastern seas, And faces paled as she westward drove In the light of the afterglow— Three hundred stalking the deck above And three hundred dead below. "Now let’s be merry.’ the captain said, “We laugh at the skipper’s curse— “The living must live, though the dead be dead, “So here’s to the floating hearse! “And here’s to the dying that huddle in crowds “Where the pestilent breezes blow, “And here’s to ghosts that grin in the shrouds. “And here’s to the boys below! “Of course we are sorry for those beneath, “No mourners s tdder than we: "But say, what right has the tyrant Death “To stifle the shouts of glee? “Then biing fort h beer anti the Pommery see “And the tipple of ancient Crow, “And drink to the fellows awake on deck “And the fellows asleep below!” They hear the brazen band rejoice As the veterans homeward come— And piccolo’s pipe and cornet’s voice And flute and fiddle and drum— They sing the treachery, torcher, love, And plunder and raid and woe, And a wild shriek comes from the spars above, And a wail from the hold below. “Now form quadrille!” is the merry call; They sway as the prompter bids, “Now swing your partners—balance all!” Just over the coffin lids. The shrouded listen beneath their feet And whisper “A masquer’s show!” And groans from above the dancersgreet And laugh from the dead below! A DISCOVERY Ricardo T. Villanueva has discovered a min eral spring on his homestead, 25 minutes’ drive from Subic, Zambales, near the naval station of Olongapo. He lets the people visiting the spring use the water without charge, and carry away with them as much of it as they want; they report that it corrects disorders of the stomach, and the science bureau has verified the fact that the water contains sodium, iron, and magnesium salts. This discovery may prove to be of as much importance to the Philippines as the discovery of Sibul springs, if baths might be provided, as at Sibul, and perhaps an infir mary and sanitarium installed. Automobiles are reported to have gone from Manila to Olon gapo over the new road across the mountains from Dinalupihan, Bataan. If this road has been completed, outings to Olongapo, Subic bay and the Zambales coast may be taken with much pleasure: by automobile, Olongapo is not more than three hours from Manila, and the beach of Subic bay could hardly be surpassed as a natural bathing place. When the Philippines are discussed among Americans at home, perhaps even in Congress, and when overseas trade is discussed, it is often held that over seas trade isn’t worth the penny it costs, that it is only a small portion, 5% to 10%, of the country’s total trade, arid that the domestic trade is enough to give atten tion to—let what little overseas trade the countrjr has, go. It is true that the most advantageous trade is the domestic trade of consumption, as Adam Smith and everyone after him have agreed. But here are a few items in America’s overseas trade that run a little higher than 5% to 10%. They are from Oliver McKee’s article, ' Tit-for-Tariff in the Outlook and Independent of June 24: % Sold Abroad ............... 21.6 .............. 10.0 Items Locomotives. Automobiles.. Motorcycles.. Sardines...... Cigarettes.... Rosin............ Turpentine... Gasoline...... 54.3 51.4 11.1 55.7 45.4 13.8 Sewing Machines............................ 23.2 Typewriters.................................... 40.2 Agricultural Machinery....................23.3 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE G. A. Pitcher of 1495 Shattuck Avenue, Ber keley, California, wants connections in the Philippines for duloro (?) wood, “mostly used in the Philippines as razor strops.” Fr. Victor Gonzales, P. O. Box 158, Manila, has published an illustrated booklet on the Augustinian convento and church (St. Paul’s) in Manila, copies Pl each. The booklet is 5" by 7", with 35 full-page engravings in black and white showing the principal features of the church and the monastery, of which the text in English and Spanish gives the history. This church and the portion of the monastery im mediately adjoining it were completed as they now stand in 1614, but one of the twin bell towers, split vertically by earthquake, has been removed. Father Gonzales has done the city a good turn in producing a handbook on this, the oldest mission in Manila. The book is for sale in the porter’s lodge of the mission. The board of surveys and maps recently creat ed by executive order asks P5,000 to make a statistical survey of. the Philippines and co ordinate information of this nature accessible in government offices. 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 Cane Sugar.... (Continued from page 6) and he apparently has far more interest in milling than in farming. The result is that since 1895 the Phil ippines have scarcely more than doubled their output of sugar. The 800,000 tons they sell America each year, though it buys American manufactures enough, is merely that much less sugar bought from Cuba. American sugar prices are still determined by the Cuban produc tion and the American tariff, and the Philippine planter can raise sugar only because he does not pay the tariff. If he had to pay the tariff this year, his sugar would bring him about $1 a picul of 139.44 lbs. The centrals, getting about half the sugar, on their milling contracts with the planters, are in the better statistical position. But to pay the tariff, with the present average production of sugar per hectare, would do them up, too. It would wipe out, in other words, a capital of some $200,000,000 and con tribute tangibly to the pauperization of the Philippines. In the figures just mentioned the value of the plantations is not included; without the sugar they would, of course, be a questionable asset. Mortgages would take thousands of them, perhaps, without in the least enriching the creditors. It is needless definitely to point out the fact that the Philippine sugar plantation is the least vigorous element in the industry; it is there that production fails, because the mills are comparably as efficient as the best, and ocean freights are comparably as favorable as Java may enjoy, not even much above what Hawaii pays. But Java grows on one hectare what the Philippines grow on three; and Hawaii grows on one hectare what the Phil ippines grow on 2J^. Time can be the one remedy of such a situation. The Philippine planter, though ostensibly he has always been a farmer, is not that thrifty, scientific cane-grower his country requires for the sugar industry to survive. Yet sugar is very important in the economics of the Philippines; even during the past year it has been bringing the islands $4J4 millions every month. The Manila Hemp... (Continued from page 7) bought by American concerns and manu factured in the United States. While this developed a direct Amer ican trade in Manila hemp quickly enough, it gave rise to abuses. A Philip pine customs inspector sent to Europe found hemp there that had enjoyed the draw-back and should have been manu factured in the United States instead of being sold and exported. When the tariff for the Philippines was enacted, export duties were prohibited. There have been lamentations at the Univer sity of the Philippines over steps taken to break the British monopoly of Ma nila hemp and give the Philippines a better market while benefiting Amer ican cordage interests and consumers, but the record is really not dishonorable; everything the Philippines produced at that time, left Filipinos’ hands in the rawest possible state; whereas now the tendency is to manufacture locally. There are five cordage mills in Manila. A Filipino, Valenzuela, for whom calle Valenzuela in Santa Mesa is named, had established a ropewalk in that dis trict prior to the revolutionary period and did a thriving business in making cordage for ships. This ropewalk, skirtting calle Cordeleria, to which it gives name, on the river side, is now a property of the Johnson-Pickett Rope Company; which has another, of lesser linear capacity, in its fine new works across the river in Pandacan. Valen zuela was a victim of the revolution against Spain; the Guardia Civil, sus pecting him of disloyalty, drumheaded him to face a firing squad. The incident is memorialized in a painting in Pres ident Rafael Palma’s office at the Uni versity of the Philippines. As usual, the thrifty middle-class bore the brunt of the disorders in the Philippines at the end of the century that led to the change of sovereignty. Valenzuela’s career de serves a place in a textbook. Manila hemp was not grown commercially out side the Philippines until the Dutch, stole plantings and got fields of it growing in Su matra—on planta tions still prohibit ed. it is said, to foreign visitors. This hemp is now on the market and sells on a par with the Philippine pro duct. An excellent review of Manila hemp appears in this journal every month, the work of L. L. Spellman, a leading author ity. Reference to that review will reveal how much hemp Japan now buys, much of it from Japanese hemp-growers in the rich Davaogulf region—the only immigrant farmers in the Phil ippines. THE Rubber.... (Continued from page 8) own rubber company because of what he considered unfair treatment at Fire stone’s hands. The feud is a lengthy story but I need not dwell on it here, since it can vitally affect the industry only if General reaches the huge pro portions of the Big Four companies. That will probably never happen, for Mr. O’Neil is too wary to be caught in the over-expansion net. The story of Firestone’s connections with the various organizations of rubber manufacturers throws a lot of light on the present situation. The first attempt at getting together was the Rubber Club. It soon became the Rubber Association of America, from which Firestone, chafing under any restraint, resigned. A few years later he joined the Rubber Institute of America, rub ber’s contribution to the Czar craze among the more farcical industries of the nation. General Lincoln C. Andrews, of Prohibition enforcement notoriety, was named head of the Institute, to exercise the same sovereign sway in the tire realm that Will Hays had in the movies and Judge Kenesaw Moun tain Landis in baseball. A higher code of ethics was the goal to which this spotless organization aspired. Unfortunately, Harvey wouldn’t stand hitched. In September, 1928, he leaped RELIABLE LAMP ELMAC, INC. P. O. Box 625 — MANILA — 627 Rizal Ave. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 the fence by announcing a price re duction in his second-line tires. M. W. Conant, a leading writer in the rubber field, who was formerly on the inside as a composer of lyrical publicity, is authority for the story that each of Firestone’s competitors with one hand wrote wires to his branches meeting the price cuts and with the other dashed off hot messages of protest to Czar Andrews. The next day prices were re turned to their former levels but consid erable damage had been done. One of the big companies is reported to have lost §300,000 during the one day of turmoil. The Akron newspapers missed the story. It has never been printed before. MANILA HUME PIPE & TILE WORKS 1003 Calle Cordeleria, Sta. Mesa Tel. 6-71-10 Cable Address: “HUMEPIPE” P. O. Box 2045 I For Boiler Settings.................. and any other kind of Construction “KEYSTONE” BRICKS I . . . Uniform standard size, quality of natural stone, i A carload of Keystone Brick just out of the hardening cylinder. | Note the uniform size and the sharp edges. i Manufactured in newly erected modern plant in Manila Czar Lincoln went into exile at the end of a year and the Institute expired, leaving as its contribution to rubber history a record of a §750,000 expen diture in advertising a new Standard Warranty on tires which lifted that vague assurance from a 90-day guaran tee against defective material and work manship to a guarantee during the life time of the casing. Since the passing of the Institute the old Rubber Associa tion, now renamed the Rubber Man ufacturers Association, has had the field to itself, but with Firestone still off the reservation. (To be continued) Here’s how to get Manilas! Genuine Manila Long Filler Cigars in cellophane are obtain able in your city or nearby! List of Distribut ors fur nished upon re quest to— C. A. BOND Philippine Tobacco Agent: 15 Williams Street, New York City Collector of Internal Revenue Manila, P. I. MANILAS made under sanitary conditions will satisfy your taste! (Health Bulletin No. 28) Rules and Regulationsfor the Sanitary Control of the Factories of Tocacco Products. "Section 15. Insanitary Acts.—No person engaged in the handling, preparation, processing, manufacture, or packing of tobacco product or supervising such employment, shall perform, cause, permit, or suffer to be permitted any insanitary act during such employment, nor shall any such person touch or contaminate any tobacco products with filthy hands or permit the same to be brought into contact with the tongue or lips, or use saliva, impure water, or other unwholesome substances as a moist ening agent;...”. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 Comment on the Current Talkies (Continued from page 14) want to see Young Donovan’s Kid for the sheer joy of watching him, if for no other reason. Coming to the Radio. It’s A JF/se Child, no doubt, who knows its own parent, but it took some wise producers to get this picture past Will Hays and the boards of censors. GO EMPRESS FROM THE ORIENT • Want the thrill of speed and size? Leading the great white Empress fleet is the new Empress of Japan, 26,00!) gross tons, 39,000 tons displacement, 23 knots speed... largest, fastest on Pacific. ACROSS THE PACIFIC IN DAYS • Want every 1931 luxury?...with “talked-of” cuisine, “of-the-Orient” service? Take First Class. • Want lower cost? Go in the new ultra fine “Empress” Tourist Cabin. Also Third Cabin. ON YOUR TRIP TO EUROPE GO ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY • Shortest, most direct route ... via 1009-mile St. Lawrence Seaway. 2 days of gorgeous coast-lines, only 3 to 4 days open ocean. 3 to 5 sailings weekly from Montreal and Quebec by 13 huge liners. Every type accommodation. Direct to 9 British and Continental ports. Low 1931 rates. Empress of Britain 5 DAYS TO EUROPE Apartments with bath... tennis, swim ming, squash... all the luxuries of smart life ashore. Whole Sports Deck, whole Lounge Deck... a port-to-port party at the height of the season. CANADIAN-PACIFIC WORLDS GREATEST TRAVEL SYSTEM. Not that it is bad or wicked, it is as racy a farce as you will see in many a day, and once again Marion Davies proves herself an able comedienne. The original play from which it is ta ken has been altered somewhat, but most of its funny risqud lines have been retained. A goodly part of the male population of a small town is suspect ed when the rumor gets out that Joyce Stanton is to become a mother. Of course she is not, but the local sewing circle thought so when she so boldly cham pioned a servant girl who is. Compli cations naturally arise and the picture sparkles along until the tangle is un ravelled to the satisfaction of all. Coming to the Ideal. The Gang Buster. Jack Oakie in a highly amusing parody on gangster films. Mr. Oakie is the sap insurance salesman from Arkansas who comes to the big city, falls in love with the daughter of a prospect, and when the girl is kidnapped by the underworld enemies of her father, Oakie attempts her rescue. Brassy and dumb, he blunders into all kinds of ad ventures and escapes only be cause he is too stupid to know 1 he danger he is in and the risk he is running. The picture con tains plenty of shooting, a dash of adventure and some of the best gags we have heard in a long time. William Boyd, the tough gangster who has half the city afraid of him, is great. Wynne Gibson, as the gang ster’s moll and Jean Arthur as the lawyer’s daughter do very well. For two hours of real en tertainment and fun, this pic ture is highly recommended. Coming to the Fox. The Criminal Code will bear comparison with that splendid picture of prison life, The Big House, and lose nothing. The Big House showed why prison ers riot; the Criminal Code tells why prisoners refuse to talk and what happens to them for it. Walter Huston, star of Abraham Lincoln, is the hardboiled district attorney who sends a youngster to prison for a justifiable murder. Six years later the lawyer has become the warden, and he meets the boy again during the inves tigation of a murder that has been committed in the prison. Holmes knows who is guilty and refuses to tell and in con sequence is consigned to the dungeon where he suffers tor tures of mind and body at the hands of his guard. There is a love interest too, in the ro mance between Phillips Holmes and Constance Cummings, daughter of the warden. Strange as it may seem, this romance seems natural and not dragged in by the ears, as is the case so often in pictures of this kind. Walter Huston, one of the most capable actors on the screen, is forceful and convincing, and always true to the part he is playing. Coming to the Fox. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 AN UNCOMFORTABLE GIFT AND AN UNEASY VIRTUE CHAPTER FIVE A Red-Hot Idea Eight or nine generations ago the quest for security took a new and interesting turn. A great section of London went up in flames and a red-hot new idea was found among the em bers. A great conflagration well illustrates human insecurity. The destruction is vast, terrifying. Usually the masses of flame are driven by a high wind. With a roar, they hurl themselves upon whatever lies in their path. Buildings sometimes flash suddenly into flame in advance of the actual front of the conflagration because of the blasts of super-heated air. A pall of chok ing smoke gathers over all and through it fly sparks and brands and fragments of charred paper. The streets are filled with terrified people striving frantically to save their belongings. Fire engines are thundering, gongs are clang ing, walls are crashing and havoc lays waste. The individual feels pitiably helpless amid this elemental ruin. Then when the conflagration has been check ed at certain points and has burned itself out at others, there comes the day of reckoning when men count their losses. Every building, every stock of goods, the contents of every home once represented value. Last week these were a part of the wealth of the world, now they have become useless debris, and the world is that much poorer. But these things all had been the property of individual owners; frequently they had represented the results of the savings of a lifetime and had serv ed as the dependence for future years. They had been thought of as stored security; now, in a few hours, they have become insecurity and toil must begin anew. This is what the London fire of 1666 meant to the unhappy citizens. Evelyn’s famous “Diary ' ’ gives a vivid picture; he says: “I saw many without & rag or any utensil who from delicateness, riches and easy accommodations in stately and well-furnished houses were now reduced to extremest misery and poverty.’’ He tells of “200,000 people of all ranks and de grees lying along by what they could save from the fire, deploring their loss.” We have conflagrations, today, in our tinder box cities and doubtless shall have others in the future, although fire prevention engineers are striving earnestly to bring about safer con ditions and highly trained fire departments are checking thousands of blazes in their ear liest stages. Still we have and shall have con flagrations and if these no longer bring hope less misery to their victims a6 in Evelyn’s day it is due to that same red-hot idea that was founded among the embers. That idea was Fire Insurance. THE MANILA HOTEL LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management - - ANTRIM, ANDERSON, Inc. INSECTOL Sold by drug stores everywhere To keep dogs free of fleas and ticks, dust them thoroughly with this remarkable insect powder—Watsonal Insectol—once a week. BOTICA BOIE CHAPTER SIX The Birth of Fire Insurance Fire insurance seems tons a matter of course, but it was not so in 1666—there was no such thing. However, at this time there appeared a great inventor—Nicholas Barbon; truly a great inventor—worthy to rank with some of those of our own day, a man who dared to think along original lines. He did not see a way to prevent fire destruction but felt it to be un reasonable that it should involve personal ruin as well. This, you will note, was original, almost irreverent thinking for fire was clearly “an act of God” and it was not well that man should try to escape its consequences. Thus ran the minds of many in that age. (Please turn to page 20) A Monthly Pension is guaranteed your family until the youngest child is educated, then the Face Value of the Contract is paid your wife with out any deduction. This new contract does the work of sev eral insurance policies—but with the premium of one policy. It is the new Family Income Contract, exclusively with the INSULAR LIFE. C. S. SALMON General Agent P. O. Box 734, Manila V. SINGSON ENCARNACION J. McMICKING President Manager Insular Life Assurance Company, Limited (This Company makes Loans on improved Manila Real Estate) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 Julv was a verv dull month in Philippine Shipping Circles, sev eral large operators char acterizing it as one of the worst months of their experience. There were no im portant rate changes except in sugar. The sugar rate to the Atlan tic Coast has been set at $6.75 per ton for a period of twelve months beginningNovember 1st. This is slightly higher than last year’s rate, but lower than the rate of previous years. Much of the friction that comes of having a high peak season rate with subsequent rate adjustments as the season progresses will be eliminated by the fixed rate for the year. Cargo movement to Europe is very slow. Hemp has fallen off to an even greater extent than last month. Likewise copra cake has moved in very small quantities. The Japan service, which has been the only service to hold up, is now sharing the general depression in common with all other services. Hemp has slipped badly and there is virtually no movement of lumber. With the sugar season over the Atlantic service is experiencing very light cargo move ment. Hemp and copra are moving in very small quantities. Tobacco, which has held up fairly well until recently, has fallen off to some extent with the exception of the single item of cigars, which are moving in fair volume as they always do at this season in preparation for Christmas distribution. .Some coconut oil has moved during the month in fulfillment of old engagements. There are a number of old con tracts yet to move, but there does not seem to be any new business in evidence. The Kokusai Risen Kaisha have added two 468 foot motor vessels to their fleet. These vessels, the Kirishima Maru and the Knlsuragi Maru are sister ships, each equipped with 6,000 horsepower motors and capable of 15 knots sea speed. It is understood they will be placed on the New York-Japan-Philippine route via Pana ma Canal. Conditions on the Pacific Coast berth are most unsatisfactory. While there has been a small movement of general cargo, one of the largest shippers of refined sugar is through for the season. Lumber, copra and hemp have moved very slowly. Desiccated coconut is being shipped in fair volume. However, stocks are reported to be quite heavy in the United “This stuff is 30 years old!” “Those were Judge Jr. wandered into the club one night and found two cronies reminiscing on the’past—and the joys of good liquor. WHYTE & MACKAY Scotch Whisky THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK — ■ -------- ■ ■ = LTD. ■ (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - - - - 115,000,000.00 Undivided Profits - . . . 6,436,138.84 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA S. DAZAI Manager PHONE 2-37-59—MANAGER PHONE 2-37-55—Accountant, Remittance PHONE 2-37-58—Export, Import, Current Account, Cashier Whyte & Mackay's I SPECIAL Selected Highland Whisky. I ‘tuscow'j Sold Everywhere Smith, Bell & Co., Ltd. IMPORTERS IN RESPONSING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 States and there is the prospect that one manu facturer at least will shut down again shortly. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, there were exported during the month of June, 1931, from the Philippines to— Tons Misc. Sailings China and Japan.................. 16,748 with 51 of which Pacific Coast Local Delivery.. 13,069 with 18 of which Pacific Coast Overland......... *r ~l”"v' Pacific Coast Inter-Coastal. . Atlantic Coast....................... European Ports..................... Australian Ports................... 435 with 10 of which 1,123 with 10 of which 80,776 with 21 of which 19,375 with 21 of which 316 with 4 of which year. The following figures show the number of passengers departing from the Philippine Islands during the month of July, 1931, (first figure represents first class, second figure second class, American — Sailings 11 9 5 7 8 2 None Tons 5,592 carried 8,672 carried in American bottoms in American bottoms 244 carried in American bottoms 1,062 carried in American bottoms :2,272 ir._A— 49 carried in American bottoms American bottoms 20,879 carried in American bottoms 49 carneu in ----- carried in Totai............................... 131,842 with 82 of which Passenger traffic is fairly active. Of out standing interest is the summer tourist movement from the United States, both the Canadian Pacific and Dollar Steamship Lines having brought a number of tour parties during the period under review. This is the first year that American tourists have been interested to any great extent in summer tours to the Orient, and it undoubtedly indicates an increasing interest on the part of tourists in Japan, China and the Philippines. This may be considered a result of the excellent efforts of the Philippine Tourist Association, Japan Tourist Associations and t.he steamship companies to interest travellers formerly going to Europe in the Oriental trip. Steerage traffic is at a very low ebb, few inde pendent Filipinos departing for the United States. With the end of the summer close at hand the small movement which now exists will taper off rapidly until the beginning of next 36,498 carried in American bottoms 16 third figure steerage): China and Japan........................... 140 119 295 Honolulu.......................................... 27 4 781 Pacific Coast.................................. 125 26 236 Singapore and Straits Settlements. 16 — — Mediterranean Ports..................... 27 — — Europe via America...................... 1 3 — (Complete figures covering Mediterraneian P’orts not available at time of going to press.) Tho steamship President Hoover, newest addi tion to the ever increasing fleet of the Dollar Steamship Lines, was most enthusiastically received on entering New York harbor after successful completion of her trial runs. Great crowds thronged the ship when she was thrown open for exhibition. The President Hoover is the largest commercial ship ever built in an American shipyard, and the largest electrically driven ship in existence. She is due in Manila at the end of September. Mr. W. K. Garrett, Iloilo Agent of The Robert Dollar Co., returned on the s. s. President Grant, July 30th, from five months home leave. HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99 8% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Aceytelene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops. OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure 'BATTERIES . Prest-O Lite /»• Electric Stor“ age Batteries Philippine Acetylene Co. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO MANILA, P. I. THE PRESIDENT LINER FLEET FINEST_____________•____________NEWEST____________•____________LARGEST AMERICAN MAIL LINE 19 DAYS TO SEATTLE Fastest Time from Manila via China, Japan and Victoria Pres. Madison - Aug. 20 Pres. Cleveland-Sept. 3 Pres. Taft - - - Sept. 17 Pres. Jefferson - Oct. 1 Pres. Madison - Oct. 15 Pres. Cleveland - Oct. 29 Pres. Taft - - - Nov. 12 Pres. Jefferson - Nov. 26 DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINES EAST OR WEST TO NEW YORK Via China-Japan, Honolulu San Francisco Panama Canal Pres. Lincoln - - Aug. 15 Pres. Pierce - - - Aug. 29 Pres. Wilson - - Sept. 12 Pres. Hoover - - Sept. 26 Pres. Jackson- - Oct. 10 Pres. McKinley - Oct. 24 Pres. Grant - - - Nov. 7 Via Suez Canal and Europe Pres. Harrison - Aug. 26 Pres. Hayes- - - Sept. 9 Pres. Fillmore - Sept. 23 Pres. Monroe - - Oct. 7 Pres. Van Buren Oct. 21 Pres. Garfield - - Nov. 4 Pres. Polk ------ Nov. 18 Pres. Adams----- Dec. 2 PHILIPPINE INTER-ISLAND STEAMSHIP CO. SUPERIOR INTER-ISLAND SERVICE S. S. “MAYON” Sails Wednesdays from MANILA TO ILOILO ZAMBOANGA CEBU TO CEBU ZAMBOANGA ILOILO Aug. 26 Aug. 19 Sept. 9 Sept. 23 Sept. 2 Sept. 16 Sept. 30 Oct. 7 Oct. 14 Oct. 21 Oct. 28 FOR BOOKINGS AND INFORMATION APPLY TO: THE ROBERT DOLLAR COMPANY General Agents Robert Dollar Bldg., Port Area MANILA Telephone 2-24-41 24 Calle David IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. Meyer AtAambra Cigar and Cigarrete Manufacturing Co. Rawleaf: The local market remained quiet during July. Dealers show no inclination to reduce their prices for old parcels while con sumers expect lower quotations when the 1931 crop of Ysabela and Cagayan will be ready for sale. In view of the unsettled condi tions prevailing at some important foreign mar kets, buying of the new crop may be postponed until the situation clears up. Comparative fig ures for July exports are as follows: Rawleaf, Strip ped Tobacco anKilo°P'' China................................................... 7,086 Czechoslovakia................................... 663,182 Hongkong.................................. 5,537 Jefferson Machamer has made up a presidential ticket all his own— he’s very imaginative. We don’t know who the people’s choice for president will be, but there choice of gin never changes. It’s— GORDON DRY GIN The heart of a good cocktail be sure you get Gordon at your club...... ROBERTSON Scotch Whisky for GOOD HIGHBALLS Kuenzle & Streiff, lac. Sole Agents 343 T. Pinpin Tel. 2-39-36 Manila, P. I. Japan................................................... 119 North Africa...................................... 21,420 North Atlantic (Europe).................... 30,720 Spain.................................................... 1,442,401 Straits Settlements............................ 1,048 United States..................................... 129,308 2,300,821 January-July, 1931................ 11,144,563 January-July, 1930................ 8,280,943 Cigars: Shipments to the United States continue to increase, being already about 5% higher than for the corresponding 1930 period. However, this increase consists mostly of low priced cigars which leave the factories only a very close margin. Comparative figures for the trade with the United States follow here: Period Cigars July, 1931, about........................... 17,000.000 Januarv-Julv, 1931, about........... 86,750,000 January-July, 1930........................... 82,157,698 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Muitoz. Nueva Ecija Director, Rice Producer's Association fa-fr V /I / J >£__________ / Palay of the ordinary grades is quoted at Pl.90 to Pl.95 with rice from 1*4.50 to P5.20 according to class, and with Saigon at P5.08, duty paid, Manila. The latter continues to fluc tuate. Importations have been almost neg ligible for the last six months. Thecoming crop pros pects are not hopeful. Due to the delay ing of the monsoon rains, the preparation for cropping is retarded to such an extent that it is expected a large area of rice lands in the main rice region in Nueva Ecija and Pangasinan, will not be planted. The loss of seedbeds by’ drought and the difficulty of making new ones due to lack of seasonal moisture, plus the timely preparation of the soil, will lower the volume of the coming crop. Advices from Japan show that their crop is much less due to adverse weather, and it is expected that, the crop of South China is thus affected. Indo-Asia due to the lateness of the monsoon rains will likewise be affected, but not to the extent of more northern regions. At present writing, July 28th, there appears to be no marked depressions in the Pacific which might bring the rains to both the Islands and the Asiatic mainland. The amount of moisture is much less north of Bulacan, than has been noticed since 1915, and lacking these rains irri gation systems function at their lowest. In Bulacan better conditions prevail but as area small this does not greatly affect total volume. A large portion of the last crop remains avail able in outside Camarines awaiting a price that seems to be governed by the Indo-Asia stocks. Demand for rice is quiet for the present. REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman International Harvester Company of Philippines This report covers the Manila hemp market for the month of July with statistics up to and including August 3rd. 1931. U. S. Grades: The month of July opened up with sellers of Davao F at 7 cents; G. 4-3 8 cents; H, 4 cents; I, 5-3 4 cents; JI, 4-3 4 cents; .12, 1-1 1 cents; K, 4 cents. However, verylittle business was done and by the middle of the month the market was very quiet, consumers not showing any interest in buying at that time. Sellers’ quotations were for hemp from Davao: F, 7-1/16 cents; G, 4-5/16 cents; H, 4-1/8 cents; I, 5-7/8 cents; JI, 4-3/4 cents; SI, 7 cents; S2; 5-3/4 cents; S3, 4-3/4 cents; J2, 4-1/4 cents, K, 4 cents. Housemarks from other provinces were quoted at: E, 8-7/8 cents; F, 7 cents; G, 4-1/4 cents; I, 4-3/4 cents; Jl, 4-5/8 cents; J2, 4-1/4 cents; Ll, 3-5/8 cents. During the second half of the month sellers offered Davaos at: F, 7 cents; I, 5-3/4 cents; Jl, 4-5/8 centsand other province housemarks at: F, 7-1/8 cents; G, 4-1/8 cents; Jl, 4-5/8 cents; J2, 4-1/4 cents; K, 4 cents; Ll, 3-5/8 cents. At the latter part of the month sellers were making customary offers but there were no buvers. Sellers’ prices were: Davao F, 7 cents; G, 4-3/16 cents; H, 4- 1/8 cents; I, 6 cents; Jl, 4-9/16 cents; S2, 5- 7/8 cents; S3, 4-5/8 cents; J2, 4-1/16 cents; K, 4 cents. Other province housemarks offers were: E, 8-5/8 cents; F, 7 cents; G, 4-1/8 cents; I, 5-7/8 cents; Jl, 4-5/8 cents; SI,’7 cents; 52, 5-7/8 cents; J2, 4-1/8 cents; Ll, 3-1/2 cents. By' the end of the month buyers had retired entirely from the market. Earlv Julv Manila prices for U. S. grades were: E. P18; F, P13.75; G, P7.25; H, P6.75; I, P10.75; Jl, P8.75; SI, P13.75; S2, P10.75; 53, P8.50. There was practically no change in prices until late in the month when there was a drop of about 1*0.25 per picul on almost all grades. At the end of the month prices were: E, P17.75, F, P13.50; G, P6.50; II, P6.25; I. P10.50; Jl, P7.75; Si, 1*13.50; S2, 1*10.50; S3, 1*7.75. The tendency of the market was towards a further decline. U. K. Grades: Statistics of Manila hemp on July 1st were: Bales Deliveries to consumers during June.. . 44,000 Stocks in importers’ hands on Julv 1st.......................................................'. 19,000 Hemp afloat (including loadings') on July 1st.............................................. 51,000 The U. K. market was quiet but steady with consumers buying very little during the first part of the month and very little improvement was anticipated due to adverse trade conditions. Nominal quotations were: J2, £18.10; K, £17.10; Ll, £15.10; L2, £14.10; Ml, £16.10; M2, £14; DL, £14; DM, £13.10. A few sales of K were made at the above mentioned price. At the middle of the month the market was quiet and dealers were holding off and in the absence of business due to the financial depression in Eu rope, the following prices were nominal: J2, £18; K, £17; Ll, £15; L2, £14.5; Ml, £16; M2, £13.15; DL, £13.15; DM, £13.5. During the second half of the month the market was exceedingly dull and K was sold at the low price of £15.10 and Ll at £14.5 afloat. Around the end of the month the market was stagnant, busi ness being impracticable. At the end of July the market was unchanged and the following quotations barely obtainable: J2, £17.10; K, £16; Ll, £14.5; L2, £13.10; Ml, £15.5; M2, £13; DL, £12.15; DM, £12.5. Early July quotations for Manila U. K. grades were: J2, P7.25; K, 1*6.75; Ll, P5.50; L2, P5.25; Ml, 1*6.25; M2, P5; DL, P5; DM, P4.50. The market was quiet and these were nominal quotations. Mid-month quotations were: J2, P7; K, P6.25; Ll, P5; L2, P4.50; Ml, P5.75; M2, P4.25; DL, P4.25; DM, P4. The market continued quiet through the whole month and nominal quotations at the end of the month were: J2. P6.50; K, P5.75; Ll, P4.50; L2, P4; Ml, P5.25; M2, P4; DL, P4; DM, P3.75. Japan: This market has been particularly quiet during the month of July and considering the large stocks of unsold fiber being held by speculators in Japan, there is very’ little hope of business improving in the near future. Maguey: Early July London quotations were for Cebu Maguey No. 2, £13.10; No. 3, £13.5. Mid-month quotations were: Cebu Maguey No. 2, £13.5; No. 3, £13. Late July quotations were: Cebu Maguev No. 2, £13.5; No. 3, £12.15. Production: The weekly' receipts for the month of July were for the first week 25,000 Bs., the second week 16,000 Bs., the third week 19,000 Bs. and the fourth week 22,000 Bs. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE ( AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 Freight Rates: No particular change has been made during the past month although on direct shipment of hemp from Legaspi, the differential has been reduced from 20/- to 10/— per ton of 20 cwt. Statistics: The figures below are for the period ending August 3rd, 1931: lost ioso Manila Hemp Bs. Bs. On January 1st..................... 112,802 195,035 Receipts to date.................... 716,631 837.214 829,433 1,032,249 Shipments tn— U. K................................. 193,982 198,758 Continent......................... 112,538 118,580 U. S.................................. 146,924 338,582 Japan................................ 223,582 176,659 Elsewhere......................... 49,855 60,573 726,881 893,152 LUMBER REVIEW By Arthur F. Fischer Director of Forestry 1 The lumber and tim ber exports during the month of April, 1931, decreased 42%. as com pared with the same month in 1930. This apparently big decrease in lumber and timber exports would be mis leading if no mention is made here of the fact that the recent burning of three important saw mills affected consider ably the exports during the month under review but did not influence shipments during the corresponding month last year. It can be seen from the statement of exports below that as compared with March of this year, this month's shipments arc not so discouraging as it appears to be for there was an increase of 85%. As a matter of fact the lumber trade has been steadily picking up since February, although prices remained low. From the low mark of 2,476,584 board feet correspond ing to the month of February, the export ship ments steadily jumped to 6,428,264 board feet for the month under review, while the lumber deliveries from the mills rose from 11,293,892 board feet to 13,646,899 board feet for April, 1931. There was also a steady increase in production from 8,021,638 board feet to 11,374,287 board feet during the above period. As stated in the last review, the above im provement in the local trade is expected to be only seasonal as the general economic condition of the Islands is still depressed, and whether or not the export trade may continue the favor able trend it has shown during the last three months is uncertain, unless the general economic situation in foreign markets changes for the better. It is, however, reassuring to know that in the United States, a gradually expanded con sumption seems to be slowly starting; that the building trade is showing a little improvement, and new Federal and other public projects are expected to create new demands; and that manufacturers are concentrating vast amount of attention and energy to the program of holding off production for a sufficient time to permit of the disposal of carry-over stocks. In Shanghai and Hongkong construction activities are making for fairly good sales. More or less regular ship ments of logs are being made to Japan in spite of the still prevailing industrial and commercial inactivity in that country. In South Africa, which is becoming a steady market for Philippine lumber, it has been reported that lumber demand is strong with no signs of a weakening market. The present economic depression seems to have had very little effect upon construction activities in that country. Shipments to the United Kingdom remained steady. Special demand in this market for Apitong has been noted. As compared with the previous month, ex ports to China registered an increase of 29%; to Japan an increase of 49%; to the United States an increase of 59%; and to United Kingdom an increase of 23%. The following statements show the lumber and timber exports, bv countries, and mill production and lumber inventory for the month of April. 1931, as compared with the corresponding month the previous year. Lumber and Timber Export for April Destination 1931 Board Feet Value Japan.......................... . . . 3,878,328 I» 104,358 United States............ . . . 1,672,256 158,675 United Kingdom....... 297,224 33,757 China.......................... 295,952 19.654 British Africa............ 274,328 21,705 Hawaii........................ 9,328 2,207 Spain........................... 848 400 Germany.................... Australia..................... 70 Canada....................... Netherlands............... Portuguese Africa.. Total..................... . . . 6,428,264 1» 340,826 Destination 1930 Board Feet Value Japan.......................... . . . 4,319,712 P 166,275 United States............ ... 2,821,720 215,191 United Kingdom....... . . . 1,068,480 81,231 China.......................... . . . 1,640,456 99,008 British Africa............ Hawaii........................ 97,944 15,719 Germany......... ........ Australia..................... ... 1,051,096 70,904 Canada....................... 73,352 6,225 Netherlands............... 8,056 700 Portuguese Africa.. . 848 115 Totai............................ 11,081,664 P 655,368 For 43 Mills for the month of April Month Lumber Deliveries from Mills 1931 1930 April................. . . . . 13,646,899 25,766,363 Month Lumber Inventory 1931 1930 April................. . . . . 23,659,933 48,643,621 Month Mill Production 1931 1930 April................. .... 11,374,287 18,256,304 Note:—Board Feet should be used. Recommended By Leading Doctors Drink It for Your Health’s Sake TEL. 5-73-06 Nature’s Best Mineral Water REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Richard E. Shaw Af a naffer, National City Bank 60 d/s D/A bills for ments. The undcrlyii firm at the close. The market on the whole has been deadly dull. Selling rates dur ing the latter part of the month were slightly on the easy side and several Banks were good sellers of moderate amounts of U. S. Dollar T. T. at 1% pr. Buy ing rates for T.T. held steady at %% pr. for deliveries to the end of the year. Banks were offering %% pr. for ready O/D credit bills and %% discount for August-December settleig tone of the market was The following purchases of U.S.S T.T. have been made from the Insular Treasurer since last report: June 20t.h to July 3rd................. Nil Week ending July 11th................. U.S.$300,000 Week ending July 18th............... 200,000 Week ending July 25th............... 425,000 With the sudden drop in the New York London cross-rate about the middle of the month Sterling selling rates were somewhat weaker and Banks would sell T.T. at 2/- 7/16 ready but were not keen buyers at better than 2/- 9/16. On June 30th the New York-London cross rate closed at 4.8630, rose to a high of 4.8660 on several occasions during the first half of July, dropped suddenly on July 16th to a low of 4.8350 and was quoted at 4.86 on the last business day of the month. London Bar Silver stood at 13-3/4 ready and 13-3/4 forward on June 30th. The white metal rose to 13-11/16 ready and 13-11/16 forward on July 6th and gradually receded to 12-11/16 ready and 12-11/16 forward on July 27th. The closing rates were 13-11/16 ready and 13-11/16 forward. New York Bar Silver was quoted at 29-1/8 on June 30th. On July 6th it had risen to a high for that month of 29-3/4. By July 27th the rate had weakened off to 27-3/8 and finally closed at 28. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted as follows on July 31st: Paris................................. Madrid............................. Singapore......................... Japan... ............................ Shanghai........................... Hongkong......................... India................................. Java.................................. 12.45 93 114-1/2 100-1/2 159-1/4 50-1/4 136 122-3/8 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 JULY SUGAR REVIEW By Geo. H. Fairchild New York Mar ket: The improved tone in’ the American sugar market which was in evidence since the latter part of May was maintained dur ing the month of June and continued during the month under re view. Following a strong close in the previous month, the American sugar market showed signs of further im provement during the first two days of the month under review and small sales of Cubas were effected at 1.48 cents c. and f., while the price of refined was advanced to 4.65 cents. This improvement, however, was temporarily check ed shortly thereafter and the market eased some what, with small sales of Cubas for prompt ship ment at prices between 1.44 cents and 1.45 cents c. and f. Towards the middle of the month, the mar ket was steady with an upward tendency and small sales of prompt shipment Cubas were made to refiners at 1.46 cents c. and f. on the 13th. Prices continued to advance steadily up to the 23rd when sales of Porto Ricos were negotiated at 3.58 cents, 1. t., this being the highest price obtained for sugar in the spot market this year. Large offerings of Cubas appeared in the market at 1.60 cents c. and f., although no buyers could be found at this price. The market for refined also improved and the price therefore advanced to 4.75 cents, but second-hand parcels were offered at 4.60 cents, thereby impairing the prospects for refined. Towards the latter part of the month, the market showed signs of weakness apparently due to fear of financial complications in Cuba which might result in pressure to sell on the part of Cuban holders. Moreover, refiners were evidently well stocked at the time and naturally only appeared in the market for their imme diate requirements. As a consequence, the price of prompt shipment Cubas sagged to 1.50 cents c. and f. and at the close of the month the market was quiet with no disposition to operate. However, there was no pressure to sell and prices, although at a lower level than in the previous week, were quite steady. The continued favorable outlook for sugar in the past month was undoubtedly the re sult of the ratification of the Chadbourne Plan. There have been, however, other contributing factors having an immediate effect upon the upward trend of prices, such as the diminish ing supply of Philippine and Porto Rican su gars available for the American sugar market, which has to some extent influenced the refiners to replenish their stocks before they become wholly dependent upon Cuban offerings; the probable decrease in the European crop of from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 tons; the unfavor able weather conditions in Mauritius and British West Indies from which Great Britain draws considerable quantities of sugar for home requirements; the smaller expected sugar crops in Brazil, Peru, Mexico and Cuba; the limita tion in the Argentine production and, lastly, the restricted plantings in Java under the Chadbourne agreement. On the other hand, the uncertainty of the Russian output and-the fear of its being dump ed into the world’s market is a strong reactionary factor. It is to be noted in this connection that Russia has of late been exporting a consider able quantity of sugar to India. Besides this unfavorable factor is the estimated decrease of from 7 to 10 per cent in the sugar consump tion in the United States for the first half of the year compared with the corresponding pe riod last year. Futures: The fluctuations of quotations on the Sugar Exchange during the month under review are as follows: High Low Latest 1931—September................ 1.47 1.34 1.45 December................. 1.54 1.41 1.47 1932—January..................... March....................... May.......................... July.......................... 1.55 1.42 1.48 1.59 1.46 1.52 1.65 1.52 1.57 1.70 1.58 1.63 Philippine Sales: Encouraged by the im proved tone in the sugar market, considerable business in new-crop Philippine sugar has been transacted during the month under review, although in the latter part of the month, in terest in forward sales of Philippine sugar waned in view of the decline in the New York quo tations, holders preferring to wait for better prices. The total new-crop Philippine sugar transacted during the month under review aggregated 82,000 tons at prices ranging from 3.50 cents to 3.71 cents l.t. Actual sales of Philippine centrifugal sugar in the Atlantic Coast during the month of July amounted to 67,000 tons and were negotiated at prices ranging from 3.42 cents to 3.71 cents l.t. Resales of Philippine sugar amounted to 36,000 tons effected at prices ranging from 3.42 cents to 3.68 cents l.t. Stocks: The latest figures of the world’s stocks were 6,385,000 tons as compared with 5,714,000 2. 3. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. CENTRIFUGAL SUGAR PRODUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES (LONG TONS OF 2240 POUNDS) Negros 1930-1931 1929-1930 Bacolod-Murcia Milling Co...................................................... 42,221 34,651 Central Azucarera de Bais....................................................... 35,001 28,836 Central Bearin........................................................................... 11,518 11,819 Binalbagan Estate, Inc............................................................. 42,279 41,789 Central Azucarera del Danao.................................................. 7,601 5,060 Central De la Rama (Bago).................................................... 2,490e 2,490 Central De la Rama (Talisay)................................................ 934e 934 Hawaiian-Philippine Co............................................................ 47,679 41,287 Isabela Sugar Co., Inc.............................................................. 24,706 26,846 La Cariota Sugar Central........................................................ 62,904 63,417 Lopez Sugar Central Mill Co.................................................. 10,580e 8,092 Ma-ao Sugar Central Co.......................................................... 37,025 33,130 North Negros Sugar Co........................................................... 42,320e 48,150 Central Palma............................................................................ 8,715e 8,432 San Carlos Milling Co., Ltd.................................................... 29,437 32,992 Central San Isidro..................................................................... 9,650 8,316 Talisay-Silav Milling Co........................................................... 43,168 28,767 Victorias Milling Co.................................................................. 33,462 38,057 Luzon 19. Bataan Sugar Co....................................................................... 20. Calamba Sugar Estate.............................................................. 21. Central Azucarera de Calatagan............................................. 22. Central Azucarera Don Pedro................................................. 23. Central Luzon Milling Co........................................................ 24. Hind Sugar Co.......................................................................... 25. Luzon Sugar Company............................................................. 26. Mabalacat Sugar Co................................................................. 27. Mount Arayat Sugar Co.......................................................... 28. Central Azucarera del Norte................................................... 29. Nueva Ecija Sugar Mills, Inc................................................. 30. Pampanga Sugar Development Co......................................... 31. Pampanga Sugar Mills............................................................. 32. Paniqui Sugar Mills.................................................................. 33. Philippine Sugar Estates Development Co............................ 34. Central Azucarera de Tarlac................................................... 491,690 463,065 411,607 1,867 2,470 2,020 39,035 40,066 45,035 4,675 4,797 3,908 20,792 19,361 15,346 16,758 20,254 21,101 ........ z 1,078 712 3,102 4,315 4,330 2,490e 2,801 2,952 5,122 6,170 5,291 373e 560 l,987e 1,702 L253 45,226 55,345 53,316 48,058 53,904 55,503 6,163e 4,274 . . . z 3,735e 4,046 4,656 32,497 39,570 26,566 35. Asturias Sugar Central, Inc..................................................... 36. Central Lourdes (Dingle)......................................................... 37. Philippine Starch and Sugar Co............................................. 38. Pilar Sugar Central................................................................... 39. Central Santos-Lopez................................................................ 40. Central Sara-Ajuy..................................................................... Mindoro 41. Philippine Milling Co............................................................... 9,213 9,402 10,738 231,880 260,713 241,989 13,886* 15,073 12,730 l,618e ........ z .. z 2,490e . . . . z ........ z 12,164 9,692 9,404 9,098 6,481 2 4,716 4,087 1,842 43,972 35,333 23,976 42. Bogo-Medellin Milling Co........................................................ 43. Cebu Sugar Co.......................................................................... 2,511 3,482 1,359 2,620 830 5,993 3,979 830 Leyte 44. Ormoct Sugar Co..................................... ................................. 2,494 1,182 ..........z 785,242 773,674 689,140 Compiled by the Philippine Sugar Association, July 13, 1931. a—Formerly the Pangasinan Sugar Co. z — Not in operation *—Latest figures. e—Latest estimates. tons at the same time in 1930 and 4,492,000 tons at the same time in 1929. Local Market: Influenced by the im proved tone in the American sugar market, but more particularly by the rapidly diminish ing supply of local stocks, the market here for centrifugal sugar was strong and active during the month under review. Sales have been effect ed at prices ranging from P8.40to P9.70per picul. Crop Prospects: According to the follow ing compilation recently released by the Phil ippine Sugar Association, the centrifugal sugar production in the Philippines for the past crop turned out to be about equal to the previous crop, showing but a slight increase of about 12,000 tons or 1J^ per cent. Compared with the 1928-1929 crop, the volume of the crop just harvested is 96,090 tons larger, or an increase of 14 per cent. This increase is partly due to the increase in the production of centrifugal sugar in the Islands of Panay, Cebu, and Leyte, where a few small centrifugal mills have been erected during the last three years in districts where formerly muscovado sugar was produced, although the principal increase has been in Negros. 40,926 16,835 10,295 34,880 4,809 4,270 1,020 45,299 18,261 55,977 3,850 30,645 36,969 7,791 26,884 8,609 34,476 29,811 August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 It is to be noted that the increase in the sugar production in the Philippines in the past de cade was mainly due to the change in the pro cess of manufacture as a result of the replace ment of the antiquated muscovado mills by modem Centrals. This change, however, is al ready practically completed, so that no material increase in the production is expected from this source in the near future. The increased production in 1930-1931 was also due to the slight increase in the centrifu gal sugar production in the Island of Negros due to favorable weather conditions; on the other hand, the total production in the Island of Luzon has decreased from 260,713 tons in 1929-1930 to 231,880 tons in 1930-1931, be cause of unfavorable weather conditions dur ing the past crop. The centrifugal sugar production during the period under review demonstrated that, with the present existing Centrals in the Philippines, there will be no abnormally large increase in the sugar production within the next few years, and that any increase resulting from higher yields per hectare will be normal and it is hoped it will be absorbed by increased local consump tion. It is to be noted in this connection that a recent compilation by the Philippine Sugar Association of the sugar consumption in the Philippines for the past six years shows that the consumption of centrifugal sugar in the Islands has more than doubled from 32,571 long tons in 1925 to 75,601 long tons in 1930. The weather conditions in the past few weeks with intermittent rainfall have been favor able to the cane on Negros and Luzon. Philippine Exports: Export statistice for the month of July, 1931, as reported to us showed that 35,001 metric tons of centrifugals and 3,123 metric tons of refined were export ed during the month. Exports of these two grades of sugar since November, 1930, are as follows: Metric Tone Centrifugals................... 692,438 Refined........................... 30,982 Total . . 723,420 AN UNCOMFORTABLE GIFT AND AN UNEASY VIRTUE (Continued from page 23) Barbon, however, reasoned in this wise: "z\” mav be burnt out and lose his all while “B,” “C”, “D” and all his other neighbors lose nothing; vet it might easily have been “B.” “C,” or *D” who was ruined while “A'' escaped unscathed—in other words, they all were subject to hazard. Suppose, therefore, that they v e e to recognize this hazard as a common menace and make joint provision to be relieved from it. Suppose that through the payment by each of a small annual sum, a fund could be provided that would indemnify the occasional sufferer and save him from ruin. Barbon must have been a plausible and enthu siastic talker, for he “sold” the idea and, in 1667, started into business—insuring at. first only buildings. The idea grew and spread with the roar of London’s flames still fresh in memory. Seven years later there was organized the first jointstock insurance organization, the Friendly So ciety. In 1706 Charles Povev introduced the This ParkeDavis ger micidal soap is a wise pre caution against skin infections ofall kinds. thought of insuring goods as wel) as buildings. Two corporations obtained charters in 1710 and were practically stock insurance companies such as we have today. There is still in exist ence an insurance organization which dates from this period. It now is known as the. Ilandin-Hand” because we no longer have the time to refer to it as the “Contributors for Insuring Houses, Chambers or Rooms from Loss by Fire CHARTERED BANK OF ’ chVnV ALIA Capital and Reserve Fund......................................... £7,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietor................................ 3,000,000 MANILA BRANCH established 1872 SUB-BRANCHES AT_CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. W. U. A. WHYTE, Manager. Across America Swiftly, Comfortably on the New NORTH COAST LIMITED Newest and finest sleeping cars—box-spring bods —private rooms en suit'—barber and valet—large ladies’lounge-card rooms—shower baths—radio buffet soda fountain—library and writing facilities —lounge, with davenports and overstaffed chairs —roomy observation platform—roller bearings and the "famously good" Northern Pacific meals. Only Two Business Days Seattle to Chicago NO EXTRA FARE A Northern Pacific Railway rapresentativo meeti all steamshipa from th. Orient at Victoria, Vancouver and Seattle. Ho will gladly aniit you with baggage andj malto sleeping car reser vations to all points in the United Stetea. ■r,B.C. NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY by Amicable Contributions,” as did our more formal ancestors. This stately title suggests another that may still be seen on an old building in Manhattan, namely, “Institution for the Relief of Aged Indigent Females of the City of New York.” This is perhaps a digression but it helps to remind our generation of the way in which life has been speeded up today as compared with former times. In this speeding IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMEER OF CCMMERCE JCURNAL August, 1931 Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area Quality Printing is as essential to your business as welltailored clothes are to the successful salesman. Attractive letterheads, bill heads, cards, envelopes, labels, etc.( are silent but powerful salesman. Why not let them carry your message in the most effective way? The McCullough Imprint ensures quality printing and all that it implies. McCullough service means expert supervision and the intelligent handling of your printing problems. Whatever your printing needs may be, you are assured the utmost satisfaction when McCullough does the job. May we serve you? McCullough printing co. Division of Philippine Education Co., Inc. 101 ESCOLTA Phone 21801 MANILA, P. I. RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By M. D. Royer Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company The volume of commodities received in Manila during the month of July, 1931, via Manila Railroad are as follows: Rice, cavans................... 311,895 Sugar, piculs................... 64,949 Copra, piculs................... 192,790 Coconuts.......................... 5,500 Desiccated coconuts in cases.. . . 21,839 Tobacco, bales................ 21,454 Lumber and Timber, B. F. . . . 1,355,400 The freight revenue car loading statistics for five weeks ending July 18, 1931, as compared with the same period for the year 1930 are given below: FREIGHT REVENUE CAR LOADINGS COMMODITIES NUMBER OF FREIGHT CARS FREIGHT TONNAGE INCREASE OR DECREASE 1931 1930 1931 1930 Cars Tonnage Rice................................ 1,157 1,012 16,048 13,839 145 2,209 Palav.............................. 123 120 1,713 1,557 03 156 Sugar............................... 290 75 7,437 1,598 215 5,839 Sugar Cane................... Copra.............................. 1,320 728 9,532 5,044 592 4,488 Coconuts........................ 378 . 245 3,906 2,920 133 986 Molasses......................... 46 21 1,324 616 25 708 Hemp.............................. 22 02 169 10 20 159 Tobacco.......................... 133 124 1,244 1,090 09 154 Livestock....................... 60 75 284 365 (15) (81) Mineral Products.......... 394 347 4,065 3,185 47 880 Lumber and Timber . 298 154 6,837 3,405 144 3,432 Other Forest Products.. 08 14 46 121 (6) (75) Manufactures................. 244 236 3,321 2,850 8 471 All Others IncludingLCL 3,603 3,164 26,202 20,083 439 6,119 Total....................... 8.076 6 317 82.128 56.683 1,759 25.445 SUMMA RY Note: Figures in parenthesis indicate decrease Week ending Saturday. June 20. 1931........... Week ending Saturdav, 1,582 1,430 16,399 14,121 152 2,278 June 27, 1931.........? Week ending Saturday. 1,532 1,347 15,426 12,110 185 3,316 July 4, 1931.............. Week ending Saturday. 1,611 1,172 16,650 10,607 439 6,043 July 11, 1931. 1,670 1,180 16,310 9,581 490 6,729 Week ending Saturday Julv 18 1931 1,681 1,188 17,343 10,264 493 7,079 Total................... 8.076 6.317 82.128 56.683 1.759 25.445 up process insurance has played a part. Today, fire insurance has spread its protection over most of the build ings and much of the personal property of this and other countries, the total being in excess of SI65,000,000,000 in the United States alone. Thus millions of people are expending hundreds of millions of dollars per year in premiums, but the reason is not far to seek: The “i ss ireds” pay out money in order to buy, not pieces of paper, but peace of mind—a sense of financial security against the hazards of an uncertain world. Which is to say that, in millions of cases, security has become a commodity. CHAPTER SEVEN The ‘‘Collegia" and Their Successors When we turn our eyes back over the pages of history we receive a confused impression of swarming humanity striving, struggling and dying—its individuals appearing- briefly and then being swept away through disease, accident or conflict, yet ever being replaced by others coming on in uncounted millions—and we are impelled to say. as so often has been said, that human life is, after all, the cheapest thing in the world. Yet we cannot ignore the fact that each individual's life is to him a precious possession and that most of his waking thoughts are cen tered on its preservation. Life, so mighty and enduring, but lines, so fragile and easily destroyed, wherein shall we find any degree of security in this most uncertain field of thought? The remarkable achievements of physical science, whereby the average span of human life has been raised from below twenty years in the Sixteenth Century to fifty-six years in the America of today, are outside the range of our discussion. They affect security in the mass but the individual still finds insecurity at every hand. Out of the multitudes who start each day without special apprehension, thou sands will meet death before nightfall and no man cart say on whom it will strike. Precautions reduce but do not remove the uncertainty. (To be continued} IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 Commodities Coconut Oil.......................................... Cigar (Number).................................... Embroidery........................................... Maguey.................................................. Leaf Tobacco......................................... Desiccated and Shredded Coconuts. Hats (Number)..................................... Lumber (Cubic Meters)...................... Copra Meal............................................ Cordage.................................................... Knotted Hemp...................................... Pearl Buttons (Gross)......................... Canton (low grade cordage fiber).. . All Other Products............................... Total Domestic Products................... United States Products....................... Foreign Countries Products.............. Grand Total.....................7................................................................... Articles Cotton Cloths.................. Other Cotton Goods.. .. Iron and Steel, Except Machinery ................... Rice..................................... Wheat Flour..................... Machinery and Parts of.. Dairy Products................. Gasoline.............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles....................... Vegetable Fiber Goods. . Meat Products................. Illuminating Oil............... Fish and Fish Products... Crude Oil........................... Coal..................................... Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc................................... Fertilizers........................... Vegetables.......................... Paper Goods, Except Books.............................. Tobacco ^nd ManufacElectrical Machinery.... Books and Other Printed Matters........................... Cars and Carriagos......... Automobile Tires............ Fruits and Nuts............... Woolen Goods.................. Leather Goods.................. Shoes and Other Foot ware................................ Coffee................................. Breadstuff, Except Wheat Flour............................... Eggs.................................... Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................ Lubricating Oil................ Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glassware. ... Paints, Pigments, Var nishes, Etc.................... Oils not separately listed. Earthern Stones and Automobile Accessories.. Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.... Wood, Reed, Bamboo, Rattan............................ India Rubber Goods.... Matches............................. Cement............................... Sugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films... Other imports................... Total. PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Juno, 1031 Quantity 03,737,142 12,123,874 10,202,995 13,994.891 16,395,301 12,874 5,836 7,353,832 363,775 25,644 70,593 339,274 P Value 8,685,687 1,501,682 1,999,620 1,634,060 603,700 363,993 76,198 277,842 215,340 17,293 198,367 222,168 127,316 53,381 62,015 28,969 855,185 Pl 6,791,793 99.2 07,905 0.6 33,118 0.2 P16,922,816 100.0 June, 1930 Quantity Value 52,148,956 11,110,786 9,444,834 12,311,026 12,044,331 957,101 1,581,311 1,592,474 32,877 12,497 5,510,046 496,953 165,264 68,672 276,910 P 6,882,185 2,414,597 2,566,620 1,894,062 496,100 495,359 123,958 599,167 470,470 79,473 398,007 251,238 250,370 525,461 68,717 48,762 751,395 Monthly average for 12 months previous to June, 1931 Quantity 64,309,642 12,034,558 14,464,786 14,337,234 14,268,060 612,979 1,755,385 1,289,689 65,367 6,561 9,277,945 445,515 89,517 72,258 374,726 P Value % 8,383,704 1,972,328 3,137,158 1,853,865 572,760 462,641 72,194 596,629 357,124 184,349 254,934 296,534 196,406 223,008 63,275 1,019',392 P18.315.941 100.0 P19.688.880 100.0 Note.—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS June, 1931 June, 1930 Monthly average for 12 months previous to June. 1931 CARRYING TRADE IMPORTS P Value % 229,616 144,781 305,925 410,309 45,458 693,833 183,610 73,052 184,716 258,203 140,403 132,519 147,208 97,777 137.553 95,271 5,239 Value 10 5 7 0 3 6 5 0 8 5 4 0 5 0 0 2 7 0 3 6 1 1 9 6 7 7 2 5 2 7 0 0 7 0 9 9 0 7 0 9 0 3 7 9 7 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 2 P 2,047,647 1,332,618 522,965 195,132 374,417 391,591 988,711 918,925 224,254 129,580 303,645 210,478 154.726 231,843 256,342 106,227 209,704 144,134 5 2 7 0 9 5 6 3 3 9 2 8 7 0 1 0 0 0 7 7 2 0 0 3 0 9 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 1 ralue % 331,865 288,083 252,361 135,517 195,501 197,880 188,296 78,407 143,728 65,353 113,408 96,768 106,725 43,397 8.7 5.2 10.2 0.2 3.8 4.9 0.6 0.5 0^7 0.6 0.6 0.3 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Ports Monthly avernge for June, 1931 June, 1930 12 months previous to June, 1931 Total.................. P31,765.212 100.0 P42.934.110 100.0 P35.326.098 100.0 Nationality of Vessels American............................ British................................. Japanese............................. Dutch................................. German............................... Norwegian......................... Philippines......................... Spanish............................... Swedish............................... Belgian............................... Panaman............................ June, 1931 June, 1930 Monthly average for 12 months previous to June, 1931 Value % P 6,196,947 3,413,844 1,265,196 887,064 996,233 779,150 5,575 959 40,572 72,480 371,695 397,424 Value 41.4 Pl 2,498,885 22.9 5,507,183 8.5 1,601,004 6.0 889,152 6.7 1,126,821 5.3 1,885,436 14,016 85,434 0.4 143,982 0.6 26,436 2.6 182,363 4,779 2.7 260,420 Value % 50.2 P 5,203,878 22.2 3,657,593 6.6 1,165,435 3.7 644,201 4.7 997,838 7.7 624.229 0.1 28,462 0.4 9,915 0.7 40,192 0.2 32,046 0.8 257,684 5,226 1.1 335,033 o.: 0.2 .7 3.2 By Freight......................... P14,427,139 97.1 P24,215,9U 98.4 P15.199.482 96.7 By Mail............................. 415,257 2.9 392,258 1.6 342,459 3.3 2.3 3.7 Total................... P14.842.396 100.0 P24.618.169 100.0 P15.541.941 100.0 2. 1 EXPORTS Nationality of Vessels Monthly average for June. 1931 June. 1930 12 months previous to June, 1931 Value % Value % Value % American............................ British................................. German.. Norwegian......................... Spanish............................... Dutch................................. Philippines........................ Chinese............................... Swedish............................... Danish................................ Panaman............................ Belgian............................... P 4,704,199 4,473,685 3,268,829 471,288 1,626,061 185,397 12,521 24,014 98,200 1,329,038 596,436 27.8 P 7,245,417 26.4 4,059,017 19.3 4,365,429 2.9 714,681 9.5 695,448 1.1 321,655 0. 1 22,825 0. 1 35,109 0.6 105,054 7.9 30,731 3.5 383,700 37.5 P 7,177,365 21.5 5,047,503 23.1 3.777,107 4.8 441,657 4.7 1,257,098 132 2.0 175,963 0.4 65,490 0.5 47,283 0.8 355,429 0.5 623,660 2.3 320,019 By Freight......................... P16,789,668 99.2 P17.979.066 98.1 P19.240.132 97.7 By Mail............................. 133,148 0.8 336,875 1.9 448,748 2.3 Total................... P16.922.816 100.0 P18,315,941 100.0 P19.688.880 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FCREICN COUNTRIES Countries June, 1931 Monthly average for 12 months previous to June, 1931 United States........... United Kingdom.... Japan.......................... Chinn........................ French East Indies. Germany.................. British East Indies. Dutch East Indies.. France........................ Netherlands.............. Italy.......................... Hongkong................ Belgium.................... Switzerland.............. Japanese-China. .. . Siam.......................... Sweden..................... Canada..................... Norway..................... Denmark.................. Other Countries. ... oi 9 3 7 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 7 70. 7 1. 6 3 5 2 3 3 5 0 2 3 7 5 0. 0. 0. 0.1 0.4 Total. 72 3. 6. 2. 0. 2. 2 5 5 3 9 2 9 0 0 0 P3L765.212 100.0 P42.934.110 100.0 P35.326.098 100.0 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1931 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc. General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York-Boston Philippines-San Francisco (Direct) Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila, P. I. Myers-Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 316 Carriedo Tel. 2-16-10 Rgarcia^ 5TA. POTENCiANA 32 TEL. 22715 CUTS COLOR PLATES HALF-TONES j^ZINC-ETCHINGJJ INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential report* made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric project* OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON GO. Cebu. P. I. Cable Address: "YPIL,” Cebu. Manila Wine Merchants LIMITED 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 403 Phones 2-25-67 and 2-25-68 PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. ff «■ * CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description HANSON, ORTH & STEVENSON, INC. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers Wise Building - Tel. 2-24-18 1 BRANCHES: New York — London — Merida — Davao SALEEBY FIBER CO., INC. Fiber Merchants P. O. Box 1423 Manila, P. I. Room 318, Pacific Building Cable Address: “SALEFIBER” International Harvester Co. of Philippines formerly MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila—Cebu—Vigan—Davao—Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional I Manila, P. I. i Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law-Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Administration of Estates Receiverships Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. “LA URBANA” (Sociedad MOtua de Construccidn y Pristamos) Prestamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital Paterno Building, Calle Helios MANILA. P. I. A. K. SPIELBERGER SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works Sugar Machinery Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL i NEWS while it is NEWS and 44 Features For Results MANILA DAILY BULLETIN READERS SECURITY SAFEKEEPING SERVICE OWNERS of securities as well as those responsible for the safekeeping of securities such as executors, trustees and officers of domestic and foreign corporations will find the facilities of our Customers' Securities Department of special value providing as it does both safety and relief from the many details attendant upon ownership or management. SE( TRITIES in safekeeping with our Customers' Securities Department may be sold or transferred and earnings may be disposed of as you may direct. WE particularly recommend this service to those leaving the Philippine Islands for trips abroad who may wish to have their securities protected against theft and fire, their earnings collected for them and who, at the same time, mav maintain complete control during their absence through the world wide services of inis Bank. COMPLETE DETAILS ON APPLICATION THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK HEAD OFFICE: 55 WALL ST., NEW YORK CITY I Cebu Office: i GOTIACO BUILDING I Manila Office: NATIONAL CITY BANK BUILDING IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL There are all sorts of “Presidentes” But the best of them all are Made only by LA INSULAR IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL