The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Issue Date: Volume XIII (Issue No. 12) December 1933
Year: 1933
Language: English
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extracted text: SURVEYS OF PRINCIPAL CROPS Sugar Manila Hemp Coconuts Tobacco Rice Summaries of the Year’s Commerce g Is i Land Taxation: Percy A. Hz ll Rice Oil as a Possible Margarine Base Based on research by West and Cru^ of the Science Bureau Philippine Productive Gold Mines Mills and Their Output Coconut Oil and Its Rivals The Scrinnnage at Washington Paracale Under the Geologist’s Eye /. 0. Enbergs Report >f Commerce Other Features and the Usual I jq ert Fe\iev\s o ....to help you enjoy A Merry Christmas CONSCIENTIOUS and continuous effort, from those planters in Isabela province to the workers in our factory in Manila, with the sole purpose of making your Holidays merrier for your self, for your friends. TAEACALECA Originators of High Grade Philippine Tobacco Products for Christmas... A NEW GAS Range “T) UT,” you may say, “we have one now.” Xj Of course you have; you bought an automobile several years ago too, but you have not got that now. Why? For the same reason that you need a new GAS range...old ones become obsolete; new ones are better in every way. For instance, in GAS ranges...insulated, ventilated ovens; self-lighting burners; au tomatic oven heat control; lifetime cook ing chart, new designs, handsome colors, and other features to meet modern times. Come in and look them over; then place your order, before Christmas. Manila Gas Corporation Display Room — Regina Building IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNUecemiber, 193d 2 HE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 Electrical Gifts Keep On Giving Make Christmas this year, a day of joy ous surprises! The Gifts illustrated here will make charming Christmas remem brances. Plan your gift list today and make it a Christmas Electrical. You will find the appliances shown here and many others at reduced prices, at the “Christmas Bar gains” counter of our store. Manila Electric Company Corner Escolta and David Telephone 2-19-11 I COMPLETE BANKING FACILITIES Checking and Savings Accounts TRUST DEPARTMENT Property administration, Guardian ship and other trust functions. FOREIGN DEPARTMENT Checks, Travelers Cheques and drafts on the United States and other countries bought and sold. Purchases and sales of United States and other securities made for clients. PHILIPPINE TRUST COMPANY MONTE DE PIEDAD BUILDING Agencies: Fort Mills Geo. C. Dankwerth, Fort Stotsenburg President. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 LUZON BROKERAGE CO., INC. Derham Building P. O. Box 591 Port Area Tel. 2-24-21 ▼ Licensed Customs Brokers Foreign Freight Forwarders Heavy Trucking Contractors Warehousemen When you plan a trip, either on business or for pleasure, consider the means of transportation as carefully as you consider your journey. Look for Comfort and Safety in a Dependable means of Transpor tation. These are important features found in Manila Railroad coaches which are provided with all travel conveniences. For parties preferring to travel by train a RECREATION CAR appropriate for Dancing and Music during the trip is furnished without additional charge. REMEMBER ALSO our RADIO and TELEGRAPH SERVICE is offered to you when other means of -communications are not available in your hours of need. Very convenient for persons desiring to communicate with pas sengers on board a train or a Company’s ship. Commercial telegrams from persons other than train passengers and railroad shippers are accepted for transmission only when Government telegraph offices are closed on Sundays and holidays and outside of business hours. For further information, inquire from the local station agent or call up Telephone 4-98-61, Central Office, 943 Azcarraga, Manila. MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 3 Prevent DECAY With PREVENTS DESTRUCTION FROM ATTACK BY WHITE ANTS OR ANAY, ROT, TERMITES, A NEW INTERNATIONAL LUMBER TRADE MARK LUMBER IS PERMANENTLY PRO LUMBER IS ROT PROOF TECTED AGAINST ALL FORMS OF ROT AND LUMBER IS PAINTABLE INSECT ATTACK. IT IS CLEAN AND TAKES PAINT OR VARNISH AS SATISFACTORILY XUMBER IS ODORLESS AS UNTREATED WOOD. OF WOOD AND BOK-BOK Stop ANAY With LUMBER IS PERMANENT CURTIN-HOWE CORPORATION Timber Preservation Engineers New York, N. Y. ZMA prevents attack by anay and bok-bok. Testa have shown that only a very small quan tity of 7\f A '• necessary to kill termites or anay. ZMA does not change the strength, physical appearance, nor any other characteristics of the wood and has the added advantage of making it somewhat fire resistant. ZMA lumber may be used unpainted since It Is colorless or it may be painted or finished In any manner desired. ZMA lumber Is PRESSURE TREATED and as such Is not to be confused with open tank, dip, spray or brush treatments. Unless lumber Is PRESSURE TREATED it is not permanently protected against decay and anay. ZMA Is practically insoluble in water and hence permanently present in the wood to protect it during the useful life of the structure. ATLANTIC GULF & PACIFIC COMPANY OF MANILA Sole Licensee Philippine Islands 71-77 Muelle de la Industria Manila, P. I. IMPORTER of DRUGS & CHEMICALS i PATENT MEDICINES & TOILET I t I ARTICLES EXPORTER of PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS I & TOILET ARTICLES PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS OPEN AT YOUR COMMAND From 6:00 A. M. to 12:00 P. M. 18 Pharmacists of Long Experience t I I i UNIVERSAL DRUG STORE SANTOS OCAMPO LABORATORIES • The best shoe sold in the Orient at any price for Beauty and durability. The shape is the last thing to wear out. • The name Hike is our val uable trade name, they are good shoes. Black and Colors. THE HIKE SHOE PALACE 144 ESCOLTA American Shoe Store 286 San Marcelino t ! i I❖i t ! 511-513 Rizal Ave. Manila, P. I. R. A. McGrath, Pres. t IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 Watch OMEGA <g> <§> <§> <§> t <©■ <$> & SV As a Christmas Gift, there is no equal to an 8 % % 8 % We have a complete assortment to choose from. Every taste can be satisfied, the most modest, as well as the largest budget can be accommodated. Our display includes pocket and wrist watches for ladies and for gentlemen, in white gold, yellow gold, silver or gold-filled. Buy early and avoid the last-minute rush. % I I I La Estrella del Norte Levy Hermanos Inc. 46 Escolta 50 Manila Iloilo % % I & INOCENTE Ideal Sherry for Next Christmas PORTA, PUEO y Cia. 212 Magallanes — Tel. 2-10-69 <$> & t t i <§> I “FILIPINAS” COMPANIA DE SEGUROS “FILIPINAS” BUILDING 21 Plaza Moraga, Manila (HOUSE FURNITURE STEAMSHIPS SHIPMENTS AUTOMOBILES Fire Arms Bonds • Trust Bonds for Fidelity and Surety • Mortgage Loans FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CALL AT: Central Office, Room No. 205 Filipinas Building Manila Tels. 2-17-63 and 2-17-64 — Post Office Box No. 745 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 5 Compliments of Benguet Consolidated Mining Company Compliments of Balatoc Mining Company IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 Now it is across the seas and all along the Pacific Coast you can order and enjoy your favorite are greatly appreciated as Christmas gifts Jaitffligud pnlcpilscn the beer of high quality and inimit able taste, that has unfailingly pleased, since 1890—the connoisseurs of good drinks and the lovers of good beer— THIS BEER IS FULLY AGED BREWED BY r ❖ & t I <$> t t & I i Kant-Kut Practice BCLL BALLS P3.30 a dozen t Call up 4-98-85 for a dozen 30^* San Miguel Brewery MANILA, P. I. <§> Distribution in U. S. A. Believe it or not, here’s a line of American-made Golf Balls which will cut every Golfer’s expense in half. Brand new “Kant-Kut Practice Golf Balls” now sell ing at Aguinaldo’s at 30/ each or P3.30 a dozen. Free city delivery in dozen lots. They have been tried in all the links! Associated Commercial Company Portland, Oregon LRyTGUIIWLDO 514-520 Juan Luna, Manila & : t IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Single Copies: 35 Centavos Coconut Oil and Its Rivals "1. The Manufacturers hereby agree that on and after Jan uary 1, 1984, they will use no fat or oil ingredient in the manu facture of oleomargarine except fats or oils produced from animals or vegetables raised or produced within the borders of the Continental United States of America." Under date of October 11a hearing was held on the market ing agreement with chief emphasis upon Paragraph 1, which is as above quoted. This hearing continued from early in the morning until almost six o’clock without a scintilla of evidence to the effect that any agreement could be secured. The meeting was equally divided between the proponents of the marketing agreement and its opponents, and each side felt that it presented a remarkably good case. The opponents to Paragraph 1, however, appeared to feel more confident that they had proven their case than did those favoring the agreement. It was apparently agreed by both sides that about 52% of the tonnage produced favored the agreement, whereas the other 48% opposed it. This appears to be too close a division to justify the Department of Agriculture in trying to force an agreement and in view of the fact that the econ omist who was conducting the hearing stated that no date for a formal hearing would be set until the industry had come somewhere near reaching an agreement, it would appear that the proposition is a dead issue. It was obvious from the hearing on the eleventh that no agreement can be reached which will in any sense meet with the united accord of the industry, and with such an even split of sentiment it is doubt ful if the A. A. A. attempted to force the issue that the courts would sustain the code, as it obviously would not be a market ing agreement, but would be in the nature of a dictum laid down to the manufacturers of practically 50% of the volume of oleomargarine. While the courts have sustained licensing agreements under marketing agreements which were agreed to by the great majority of a particular industry, it is not at all likely that they would sustain a marketing agreement which partook of the aspect of a governmental order. The hearing itself had all the earmarks of an old time free for all. There were present 5 different groups, none of whom had anything in common with the others. The first two groups were oleomargarine manufacturers who were at log gerheads. Then there were the butter makers, the livestock producers and the cottonseed oil producers and among all these there was nothing in common. The butter makers were opposed to the agreement for reasons which they pre ferred to keep to themselves although admitting their opposi tion privately. The cottonseed oil producers and the live stock producers were for the agreement, but both admitted that they would each try to get the monopoly of the business themselves. In other words, the cottonseed oil people want the oleomargarine made from cottonseed oil and the live stock men would like to see as much oleo oil put in the prod uct as possible. The oleomargarine manufacturers favoring the marketing agreement said that its adoption would mean a cessation of the persecution of the oleomargarine industry by the state legislatures and the opponents insisted that it would not. They called upon the dairymen to answer the question as to whether or not they would let up on their attacks on oleo margarine and the dairymen’s representative refused to answer the question and slipped out of the room to avoid making an answer. The proponents of the marketing agree ment read a letter from a professor of dairying in a prominent agricultural college to the effect that the dairymen would let up in their demands for a restriction on oleomargarine if it were made from purely domestic ingredients. The oleomargarine manufacturers who use coconut oil insist that an acceptable product could not be made from' pure cottonseed oil and that any other kind of a product would place them at the mercy of the packers who make the animal oil ingredients of oleomargarine. One large manufacturer on the opposition side testified that he was producing an acceptable product from pure cottonseed oiland agreed to provide samples to the reviewing board as evidence. This manufacturer asked one of the leading opponents to the program if he was not also making a cotton seed oil product and received advices that he was making a cottonseed oil product but its manufacture was still in the experimental stage. Five states, viz., Colorado, Nevada, Wyoming, Nebraska and Minnesota, now have laws which discriminate between oleomargarine made from coconut oil and oleomargarine made from purely domestic fats and this manufacturer’s product apparently is designed for sale in these states, and he assured the cottonseed oil men he was endeavoring to work with them and would in time be able to give effective cooperation to the end which they sought, but that he could not be rushed and that nothing could be gained by an endeavor to force the manufacturers of the coconut oil product to abandon the use of coconut oil as an oleomargarine ingredient. From the foregoing we believe i it is quite obvious that the A. A. A. cannot accomplish any thing in the matter of a quick change in the formula of oleo margarine as produced in the United States. We might add that the A. A. A. officials stated that they would not put the agreement into effect unless they were convinced that the farmer would get something out of it, as their sole objective was to accomplish some material be nefit for the farmer. They inquired how much oleo oil was produced from a thousand pound steer and were informed that it ran about 28 pounds. The producers of oleo oil who were present at the meeting stated that it would add about a dollar to the value of the steer, but when asked if they would agree to place the dollar figure in the marketing: agreement they said it was impossible to do so, as while there are only a very few manufacturers of oleo oil, there are about twelve hundred establishments engaged in the slaughter of cattle for the market. They insisted that it would do no good for the six producers of oleo oil to enter into such an agreement with the government when other packing con cerns were not parties to the agreement. This apparently seems to spike the idea that anything in the nature of a con tract with the farmer could be written into an oleomargarine marketing agreement, and it would be equally futile to attempt to do so in the case of cottonseed oil which is produced by several hundred crude oil mills. (Please turn to next page) 8 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 All indications point to the fact that para graph 1 of the oleomargarine marketing agree ment is a dead issue unless the agreement is adopted under duress, in which case it undoubt edly will lead to litigation in the courts and we are doubtful if the A. A. A. would attempt this in the face of the dubious background from a legal viewpoint of such procedures as would be required. * ♦ ♦ Since the Filipinos have been contending for immediate independence, it is well to take stock of the situation as it now stands. It is not apparent that the situation has improved since the Hawes-Cutting Bill was passed by Con gress. In other words, the same elements in American economic life are insisting upon iden tical demands to those with which Congress had to deal with the Hawes-Cutting Bill was up for consideration. The present situation embraces the following: The efforts of the dairymen to keep Philippine coconut oil out of oleomargarine have resulted in no progress to- date and the dairymen will be the active allies of the labor leaders and the Cuban and domestic sugar interests in striving to cut the Filipinos off from their association with the United States. Under these circum stances it is very problematical if the Filipinos will get anything more than what they asked for, which is immediate independence, with emphasis on the immediate. We do not know that the statement is correct, but newspaper writers in articles recently pub lished have stated that President Roosevelt is friendly to the idea of granting the Filipinos immediate independence. How November Served Our List of Stocks What Time reports on the market in its Nov ember 13 number: “John Businessman last week enjoyed reading his second big batch of third-quarter earnings reports, nearly all of them pleasing, and again had the headache of seeing most important indices of business declining. Freight car loadings fell off 13,800 cars to only 3.1% more than the same week in 1932. Electric power production tapered off from 5.9% to 5.8% above a year ago. Steel operations fortnight ago at 26.1% of capacity, fell to 25.2%. In October stock prices on the New York Stock Exchange had fallen 9%. Stock Exchange seats were priced at $95,000, down $5,000 from the week before, $155,000 from booming June. “Far more comforting to John Businessman were his earnings reports, including:* 9 mo. 1933 (000 omitted) 9 mo. 1932 (000 omitted) Allegheny Steel........$ 303 $ 826D Crown Cork & Seal.. 971 247 General Foods......... 9,578 10,339 American Rolling Mill....................... 312D 1.821D Remington Rand. .. 109t l,301Dt Bendix Aviation.... 1,096 367D U. S. Steel............... 28,074D 54.542D General Outdoor Advertising........... 919D 1,697D National Steel......... 2,569 1,308 Coca-Cola................. 8,342 8,802 “The Bureau of Railway Economics reported the net operating revenue of 149 Class I railroads for the first nine months up to $340,000,000 from $197,000,000 a year ago. Whereas most oil companies did not show nine-month improve ment over 1932, most of them showed better profits for the third quarter than for the second quarter of the year: Second Quarter (000 omitted) 83.144D 927D 870D 65D” Phillips Petroleum.. Colonial Beacon.... Skelly Oil.................. Plymouth Oil.......... — ---Pursuing fortune with our paper portfolio of prime commons last month, only two of the stocks showed higher in the market than they had been a month earlier, Chrysler had gone up 2/8 of a cent, General Foods 15-1/4 cents. The table this month compares quotations of October 29 with those of November 29. There is more The matter can hardly lie dormant even though it would be the desire of many members of Congress that the Philippine independence agitation be put in the background. This is because of the vociferous demands from domestic interests, who believe that they can profit by forcing the Filipinos from under the American flag. These domestic interests will not allow the Philippine situation to rest, but will start actively agitating the question im mediately Congress convenes. The peanut cleaners and shelters have been requested by the A. A. A. to pay 860 per ton on No. 1 Spanish peanuts, as compared with the recent price of 840 per ton. The 1933-1934 crop of peanuts will be con siderably under that of last year. This means that there will be practically no oil produced from peanuts, as the edible nut market will absorb even the culls from which the oil is ordi narily produced. The production of peanuts is now estimated at 890 million pounds, which is 112 million pounds below the production of 1932-1933. The present estimate is about 22 million pounds of the estimate of a month ago due to ary weather in Virginia and North Caro lina. Another domestic crop which is below that of previous years is soya beans. A seed produc tion of 9,966,000 bushels of soya beans in the six leading commercial producing states is indicated as of October 1. This is a 25% reduc tion under last, year’s crop when it was neces sary to export large quantities of soya beans from the United States. The United States condition of soya beans is reported at 69.8 on encouragement. Among the rails, Canadian Pacific is up a fraction, and Baltimore & Ohio 3-1/8 cents. Chase National has had an awful drubbing at the hands of the senate finance com mittee for its dubieties in Cuba, and those of its whilhom Wiggin & family in the market; Wiggin has given up his $100,000 yearly pension, or perhaps his retainer, and Chase stock stands nearly where it was—in line with the other bank stocks of the portfolio. Both steel stocks have gained materially, though orders for future delivery are still low and the naval policy is still subject to change without notice. But steel has a charter, and the coal strike is either on vacation or out of the way altogether. Roosevelt gained no particular victory when he approved $36.50 a ton for rails, in that the bidders for the business remained in collusion, but the compromise did create business in rails. And what will the Baldwins say to an order for 1932 locomotives, having sold only one last year and that to the Manila railroad? More over, there is business of a new type ahead for steel in the new streamlined Union Pacific train the other roads will have to imitate. Be not ready to abandon steel. The food companies’ stocks remain available at bargain rates; naturally, for all America awaits habituation of industry to its new codes and ordered teamwork, and also awaits ex perience with managed currency. There are vulnerable spots in the food set-up. Meat packers, for example, are so few that they buy at what they are willing to pay: they set the price, practically, on what they buy and what they sell. It will be some time, too, before every chain adjusts itself to a respectable code: the producers’ fiscal situation is all under adjust ment, and the spending of money that comes to hand will not be generous until every man knows more of where his next money is coming from.. The corner is not yet turned in foods. Yet note how steady the food-company stocks are, though at low quotations. No cause for alarm, no hope of quick spectacular gain. Chrysler is up more this month, General Motors too. Cars are not streamlined enough, some of the so-called streamlining has been inept: designed to reduce air resistance and effect fuel and power economy, it has not done so. No particular car is referred to, it isn’t even known to the writer what cars are stream lined; but the plaints of the scientists are known, and there forecasts of more and early and revo lutionary changes in and body designs. The companies that go through that crisis best will be those companies that keep their stocks of cars best sold up, from season to season; and they could hardly be other companies than October 1 as compared to 79.6 on October 1 last year. White we are on the subject of crops we should state that the flaxseed crop is expected to be larger than was indicated on September 1, the present forecast being 7,371,0,00 bushels, which is 362,000 bushels above the September 1 fore cast. Production in 1932 was 11,787,000 bushels as compared to a five-year average of 20,011,000 bushels. Administrator George N. Peek of the A. A. A. announced yesterday that a substantial portion of the surplus butter in the United States will be removed promptly from the market for relief purposes. Legal forms are now being drawn up and the details will be announced as soon as these forms are completed. Mr. Peek’s an nouncement was made after a conference 'with Mr. Harry L. Hopkins, Federal Relief Admin istrator and executives of the A. A. A. The stocks of creamery butter in the United States on September 1, 1933, amounted to 175,187,000 pounds as compared to 170,259,000 pounds on September 1, 1932 and the fiveyear average of 132,031,000 pounds. The removal of one hundred million pounds of butter from the domestic market would more than clean up the surplus and this amount of butter will cost the administration only a relatively small sum as compared to the huge sums which are being spent elsewhere for farm relief. The purchase of butter will be financed by a proces sing tax on butter and oleomargarine. From a Washington letter furnished by courtesy of Atkins. Kroll & Co.—Ed. those whose stocks are in our humble portfolio. Really revolutionary cars will find a ready market, if they are made to please the eye as much as they should please tne purse: science swears that if the body was what it should be, 25 horsepower engines would drive 5-passenger cars at 100 mites an hour. If so, the heyday of automobile making has not arrived, good stocks at bargain prices are worth keeping. Industry takes the NRA with the relish the average child has for spinach. As soon as President Roosevelt decides that it has vitamins in it and is really good for industry, hence for the whole family—the nation, relieving it from the necessity of dosing acute industrial cramps— then he will know what to do. And of course, so will business. And business will know more of what it is wise to do when Roosevelt tests himself against the conservatives who damn him as too radical and the radicals, teaming up with the conservatives, damning him as too conser vative. In other words, the situation approaches a showdown. Our stocks can’t have been chosen poorly, seeing that at such a time they hold their values so well. Watch them another month.—W. R. Railroads: Oct. 29 Nov. 29 A. T. and S. F......... 49 46-1/8 Canadian Pacific.. ... 12-5/8 13 Pennsylvania............. 26 25-3/4 Union Pacific........... 110 108-7/8 Baltimore and Ohio . 22-1/2 25-5/8 Ranks: Chase....................... 19-3/4 19 Empire Trust............ 16-1/4 15-1/2 National City.......... . 21-1/8 20-5/8 Irving Trust............. 14-1/2 13-3/4 Steel: Bethlehem Steel ..... 28-1/2 32-3/8 U. S. Steel............... 39-1/2 43 Food Products: California Pkg.......... 20-1/2 20-1/8 Com Products.......... 78-1/4 69-1/8 General Foods......... . 34-1/4 35 A utomobiles: Chrysler.................... . 40-7/8 46-5/8 General Motors....... . 27-3/8 31-3/8 Others: Drug, Inc................. Wrigley’s................. . 53-1/2 55-5/8 December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 Manila Hemp's Current Place In Philippine Exports Japan, formerly listed among “other points” as a buyer of hemp, now leads the world in her demands for this Philippine product Five-Year Comparisons of Domestic Manila Hemp Prices: October Grade 1923 1028 1933 Tone on the Market 1923 1928 1933 e?t. ... * 1*33.00 P11.25 84,029 80,057 72,069 F.......... 18.50 25.00 10.25 G......... 18.25 5.25 Prices ai■e all the local quotaH......... 16.00 5.00 tions for piculs: 2 piculs 17.20 24.00 7.25 to the bale, 16 bales to the J-l. ... 15.50 21.00 6.00 ton. The figures immediately K......... 8.75 14.50 4.75 above show stocks locally S-l........ 24.50 on hand as of January 1, S-2....... 23.50 7.25 plus all receipts from JanS-3........ 21.00 6.00 uarv 1 Ito October 31. J-2....... 11.00 16.00 5.00 In 1923 to October 22 Japan L-l....... 8.75 14.25 4.00 bought 200,970 bales, and L-2....... 8.50 10.25 3.50 266.831 bales in the same M-l.... 7.75 11.50 4.00 period of 1928, and 311,M-2... 7.50 10.75 3.25 243 bales in the same period DL....... 10.25 3.25 1 of this year. DM...... 9.50 2.50 1 This table was compiled from data in the hemp reviews published month ly in this magazine until this year, from the International Harvester Company. This year, until October's report in our November issue, the reports have been irregularly available, but will now appear in each issue until further notice. They are compiled by L. L. Spellman, manager of International Harvester in the Philippines. The October report brought the year’s exports of hemp to October 31: Total, 994,181 bales, U. K. 217,164, Continent 151,293, U. S. 257,864, Japan 311,243, Australia 12,231, Elsewhere 22,886, with 21,500 bales consumed locally. Stocks on hand October 31 counted 158,915 bales, against 167,007 bales on January 1. Unsold local stocks of no more than 160,000 bales are not abnormal, in ordinary times, but in present times Manila hemp moves sluggishly what ever the quantity offered, whatever the price. The first significant point is the small quantity consumed locally, only 21,500 bales from January 1 to October 31, out of a total supply 1,153,096 bales, or less than 2% of the total supply, less than 1 bale in 50. Yet we have 5 rope factories, some of them quite large, and they are busy. Australia is the only listed market using less Manila hemp than the Philippines themselves. Europe consumes 1 bale in 10, the United Kingdom 1.9 bales in 10, the United States 2.14 bales in 10, Japan 2.4 bales in 10, and there is commonly 1 bale in 10 on the local market awaiting sale. Ten years ago, hemp was the prime business gauge of all our crops; importers governed their purchases by the state of the hemp market, because half the population of the islands, it was judged, lived and pros pered from this industry. It was then stripped almost exclusively by the method shown on this page, by the device contrived by Despallarguez, a Franciscan friar, in the Bicol region, circa 1830. This device had induced production for export, and in exports from the islands hemp had then taken the lead. American ships led in the trade up to the Civil War, but then the British period began, and when America occupied the Philippines in 1898 she was getting her large supplies of hemp by way of London and in British ships, the trade being accommodated by British banks. Years afterward, even when shipments to America became direct from the islands to the Pacific and the Atlantic coasts, exchange was still fixed in sterling. Hemp is on the American free list. When the Philippines got a standard gold currency and the service of the International Banking Corporation (after 1916 the service too of the Philippine National Bank, and the service of the Bank of the Philippine Islands upon its reorganization in 1907), no advantage was left to London to trade in hemp for the United States, whose supplies thereafter were bought in the islands and shipped directly to American ports. Great users of hemp in thp United States had their own agencies in the islands to buy the fiber and ship it. They still have. Producers, a stripper cleaning no more than a picul of fiber a week, sold to the Chinese traders in the provinces who advanced money against the crop, a year-around one, like coconuts. These traders sold in turn to their correspondents at the ports, richer Chinese who dealt with the exporters. In all this traffic hemp was handled loose, a picul to the bale, as now, and pressed into the standard 2-picul bales at the buying agents’ warehouses. Handled loose, the fiber was readily classified. Each house had its house-marks, until, some 25 years ago, the government stipulated its own classifications and intervened to grade the hemp itself in behalf of pro ducer and buyer alike. This service never reached farther than the pri mary buyers, and therefore helped the actual producer only indirectly if at all. But it continues as perhaps effecting some useful function in the trade. M. M. Saleeby, who has had a long career as a hemp buyer since, organized the fiber section of the agricultural bureau; many who worked there with him, or followed him, left the government service, to use their experience commercially either as independents or as agents. When American pioneers introduced plantation hemp in southern Mindanao around the coast of Davao gulf, they were followed there by Japanese who had worked on Kennon road, the Baguio road. These workmen founded the Japanese colony, worked at hemp on the planta tions; and now the greatest plantations, and those most forward in the industry, are those of Japanese corporations in Davao, where the Japanese community numbers about 14,000 to 16,000 persons. The first resort of the Japanese was utilization of waterpower to pull the hemp under the cleaning knife; all the stripping-machines were also tried. Some modern decordicators are now in use, the hope of the industry’s future throughout the islands. Prolonged stagnation of the hemp market has paralyzed the industry in the Bicol region of Luzon, where it began, in Leyte and other former large centers where thousands of small producers used to thrive. If the industry revives in these provinces, coordination of production and use of decordicators must revive it. The very highest grades of Manila hemp had their first market in Japan, as tagal-bra^d material, for hats. They were formerly chiefly produced in the highlands of Cavite, but pest in the plants dwindled production there. Japan took little other hemp, even of the high American grades, D to J-l and S-l and S-2, until Japanese capital in Davao stimulated use of hemp in that country; but under this influence she has of late become the islands’ best customer for hemp, though the trade is largely among only Japanese, the producers, the buyers, the bankers, the ship-owners, at last the consumers in Japan and elsewhere in the empire. Rope from Japan has even appeared on the Manila market, has paid the duty and been offered at prices competitive with rope locally made from fiber free even of the mild inspection fee. This is eloquent of Japan's bid for primacy in the oriental field of commerce. It was about 10 to 12 years ago that some of the wealthier Chinese in the hemp trade began making exporters of themselves; instead of consis tently selling to the American and European exporters, they sought and supplied overseas customers of their own. Some still do, but others wfere less successful. What is of more significance is that Japanese houses followed the same course, and some of them are now leading exporters of Manila hemp and active in selling the fiber wherever a market exists for it, or one can be developed. They arc aided in this enterprise by their banks, ships and hemp companies and therefore are substantially established in it. Theatres Supply Corporation Courtney Whitney, President Guillermo Garcia-Bosque, Vice-Pres., Gen. Mgr. American Chamber of Commerce Building • Manila Representing: Simplex Acme Sound on Film Machines. Dalite Sound Screen Corp. Carbon Products Inc. Concessionaires : Topside Theatre, Ft. Mills, P. I. Bottomside Theatre, Ft. Mills, P. I. Gen. McArthur Theatre, Ft. Stotsenburg and other Provincial Theatres. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 Copra’s Current Place in Philippine Exports A good crop even at present prices, the salvation of small farmers and something to redeem Manila hemp When this review was written, November 14, copra had been selling in Manila for a good many weeks at F4.50 per 100 kilos, about F2.85 a picul—not at all an attractive price. World markets appear to be glutted with fats, animal and vegetable alike. And it is coming to be that you can obtain copra, still on the American free list, throughout the south-seas islands and the East Indies and don’t need to depend much on the Philippines for it. Thus it is stated authoritatively that of late the United States has bought more than half her copra imports outside the Philippines. Moreover, it is conceivable that any change in the pol itical relation of the Philippines to the United States might be accompanied by a tariff on copra imported into the United States; and besides that, with no change of relations with the United States the Philippines may find copra and its products subject to regulation and perhaps some direct tax ation either by state or federal legislation. However, these contingencies are somewhat remote; mention of them only shows that Philippine copra no longer occupies the bonanza position it held during and after the World War; there were years then when F35 and F45 a picul was paid for it and when oil expressed from it in Manila sold so high that it easily bore an ocean freight charge of S83 a ton to New York. /- Then it was commonly said that the Philippines produced 3 parts in 4 of the world’s total copra supply, and that 2 parts in 3 of the Philippine production came from Laguna, Tayabas, the Bicol provinces and adjacent islands; that is, from southeastern Luzon. Production of Philippine copra has increased greatly since that time, but other parts of the eastern tropics have gone forward in this industry too.,* Low as copra is, Manila hemp is still lower and moves even more sluggishly ; in fact, at the price the market offers, copra always sells quickly and on what are called large plantations, in the Philippines, in Davao and Cotabato, hemp fields are being cleared away and coconut palms planted instead. So during 1934 the Philippines expect a copra yield of approximately 600,000 tons; all through the Cebu district, the Bisayas and northern Mindanao, reports say the trees were never in better condition and never heavier fruited than now—pests have been negligible and weather favorable. This year’s crop was 401,371 tons. The hectarage of coconuts in the Philippines is 566,100; this year’s yield -of nuts from this area was 1,943,863,863, of which 1,763,016,000 went into the making of copra, about 90% of the total crop of nuts. The value of all coconut products at municipal markets was P33,485,500. These data are from Antonio Pena, statistician in the agriculture commerce department. Coconut exports of all sorts this year have been averaging a monthly value of F2,996,669. (This including August; see our back-page statistics). Coconut oil has been running 10,114.26 tons a month, value Fl,243,126; copra, 18,349 tons, value F782,794; copra meal, by-product of expressing oil from copra, 6,518.5 tons, value F713,9&2; desiccated coconut, from fresh coconuts with a by-product of copra, 1,255.66 tons, value 1*256,947; total monthly^ cocooa.tproducts exports, value F2,996,669, September 1932 to August 1933 inclusive. Exports of copra products during 1932 were valued at F30,909,446; coconut oil at Fl5,302,287, copra F10,266,454, desiccated coconut P3,233,402, copra meal F2,107,333. Here are some typical years: Philippine Coconut Products Exports During Some Typical Years Year Oil. Pesos Copra, Pesos Des., Pesos Meal. Pesos Total Pesos % of All Exports 1903. .. 162 7,639,586 7.639,748 12 1926. . . 44,690,433 37,173,465 5.513,315 3,472,447 90,849,660 8 1927. .. 49,681,356 38,311,481 5,700,120 4,969,078 98,663,035 1928. . 46,978,345 45,084,682 7,447,171 5,772,274 205.282,472 8 1929. . 31.131,611 57.369,883 7,080,247 7,585,573 104,167,344 8 1930 .. 38,310,763 26,866,875 5,925,689 3,784,449 74,887,776 7 30,070.644 18.300,808 3,644,257 3,041,605 55,057,314 7 1932^ .. 15,302,287 10,266,434 2,107,333 3,233,402 30,909,476 4 256,165.631 241,013.234 37,418,132 32,058.828 567,455,825 'A Of coconut oil the Philippines exported during 1931, the United States took 90.36%, and 95.88% of all coconut oil the islands exported during 1932. The American tariff on vegetable oils, not paid by the Philippines, is 2 cents gold a pound; America is nearly the sole market the Philippines have for their coconut oil, others being the Netherlands, China, Britain, Dutch East Indies; but while Britain bought 8.27% of our oil in 1931, she bought only 0.72% of it last year—what she failed to buy was sold in the United States. * "/-While the United States begins dividing her copra pur chases between the Philippines and the other parts of the eastern tropics, Spain begins buying more copra here. Amer ica bought 66.14% of our copra exported during 1931, and 59.54% of our copra exported during 1932; Spain bought 19.47% of it in 1931, 23.53% of it in 1932. The only other great buyer of our copra is France, who took 11.76% of it in 1931, 15.41% of it in 1932. •^Germany buys 2/3 of the copra meal we export, she bought 77.94% of it in 1932. It is a prime feed for dairy cows. The United States established the desiccated coconut industry in the Philippines by the duty of 3-1/2 cents gold a pound in the 1921 tariff, taking the trade into her market, this product, away from Ceylon. The tariff remains what it was, so all our desiccated coconut is sold in the United States, small demands being supplied in Hawaii. Fed upon the tariff, this industry steadily thrives. Our desiccated coconut is unsurpassed, the sanitation of our factories un excelled. The bulk of the great copra crop of these islands comes from small farms on which the farmers prepare it for market themselves, using it for credit with Chinese merchants who send their trucks along the roads to gather it up for ship ment to the port markets. is therefore a very important cash crop, the more so because it is produced throughout the year. December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 Japan Approaching America in Philippine Piecegoods Trade Averaging 1/5 of the market here as her share during 10 years, she is boosting this now If you are? interested in what cotton mills make, because you like to see cotton planters prosper, or mill towns resume payrolls and profits, or for general business, patriotic or other reasons^you may be interested in knowing that for a long time the Philippines have bought every year more American cotton piecegoods than any other single country beyond the seas—but now Japan is getting an increasing share of the trade. In October, for the first time, the quantity of Japan ese cotton goods shipped to this market exceeded the quan tity from the United States. With the above fact couple this: The Philippines sold products overseas last year to the value of S95,500,000; they sold countries other than the United States these products to the value of 312,500,000, so they sold to the United States to the value of 383,000,000. But that is not quite the whole story. They sold their prod ucts duty-free in the United States (like American goods sell duty-free here), and this gave them 354,500,000. Pay ing duty, their products would have brought 328,500,000 net in the United States, instead of the 383,000,000 they did bring. What this amounts to is that the Philippines get in the United States, through trade there, the money with which they buy their imports, notably their imports of enor mous quantities of cotton goods; and whereas last year they bought 90% of these goods from the United States, the average this year is likely to be below 60% and Japan is likely to supply most of the remaining 40%. This isn’t altogether bad for southern cotton growers, it is only altogether bad for American markers of cotton goods. For Japan buys a portion of her cotton from the United States, getting the remainder from China, India and EgyptPresently, too, Japan has tried getting cotton from Persia, because she has boycotted Indian cotton on account of Indian measures against her piecegoods imports into the Indian market. These differences with India, profoundly affecting both British'and Indian piecegoods, evoked conferences at Simla to checkmate her there and sent her scouting for other sources of raw cotton. Japan is educating this market to her cotton goods very rapidly. The drygoods merchants are Chinese, for the most part, and when a few months ago China’s boycott of Japan was formally ended, it was only a question of a short time until her cotton goods would top American cotton goods in this market, the world’s best. (If you study cotton, you find this related to the Cuban question. Nor mally, Cuba is a great consumer of American cotton goods; but she can’t be that when sugar is cheap and she pays 2 Philippine Cotton Products Imports During Ten Years Year From U. S. From Gt. B. From Japan Others Total 1923.. 1924.. 1925.. 1920.. 1927.. 1928.. 1929.. 1930.. 1931 .. 1932.. P 27,132,066 25,627,478 28,918,304 32,792,259 24.311,159 30,796,066 31,697,057 l(i’, 22U271 21,147,596 P 4 6 8 2 2 304.257 597,272 022.765 393.780 207.247 077,897 928,300 878,669 464,092 240,329 P 8,117,363 9,362,090 12,203,552 11,890,288 11,295,188 13,251,232 10,608,708 11,261,353 10,106,079 6,112,823 P 6.656,511 17,154,731 6,051,998 5,393,792 5,271.833 6,147,109 5,719,769 4,586,441 3,010,653 4,022,495 P 46,270,197 49,379,481 55,196,619 56,470,119 46,085,427 56,272,304 53,953,834 37,027,108 32,802,095 33,523,243 10 yeat P256.003.901 P4R.4 14.608 P104.208.676 P64.015.332 P466.980.427 Counting Philippine cotton products imports roughly at P500.000.000 worth in 10 years. 1923 to 1932 inclusive, 50% of them were from the United States, 20% from Japan. 10% from Britain. 13% from other countries. During 1933 Japan’s share in this trade, which declined last year in relation to the share of trie United States, regained its favorable position. Reviewing the Philippine cotton pro duct- import market for the first half of 1933, Trade Commissioner E. D. Hester noted 57 million square yards of cotton piecegoods had been imported, at a value ot nearly PIO,009,000. "14%, less in amount and 18% less in value than for January to June 1932,” because of the "cumulative effect of 3 consecutive years of lessening purchasing power" due to the low prices prevailing for Philippine exports. "Japan, chief competitor in each class, gained relatively in bleached goods and prints, held up in dyed goods, and was down in unbleached goods,” in comparison with the United States. cents duty a pound to get her sugar into the American market, so she can’t buy the cotton goods she needs until sugar prices rise or the American sugar tariff falls). Divide cotton goods into unbleached sheetings, dyed goods, prints. Add rayons. Then glance at the United States and Japan trading into the Philippines during August: The United States sells 136,724 meters of unbleached sheetings to the islands in August, 1,938,661 meters of dyed goods, 656,928 meters of prints, 62,320 meters of rayons. Japan sells 54,661 meters of unbleached sheetings, 807,676 meters of dyed goods, 488,905 meters of prints, 229,515 meters of rayons. In August, then, Japan approached quantity parity with the United States in the piecegoods market of the Philippines, and only two months later, in October, out stripped her. But October’s moment in detail. figures are not available at the With Japan’s imports into the Philippines of unbleached sheetings ought perhaps to be counted those from China, where Japanese own large mills; these were 186,974 me ters and together with the 54,661 meters directly from Ja pan exceeded American sales in this market by about 50%. Piecegoods men remark a great change recently in Japan’s resourcefulness in the cotton goods trade. Thus take prints, in wide demand throughout the whole East Indian area and all Malaysia, the Philippines included. Japan began in this market with narrow prints, width no more than 20 inches, sold very cheap in relation to the wide prints from Europe and America. But now Japan offers the wide prints too, and dealers claim they are in no way inferior to the American and European prints. In general, formerly, Japan got into the low-quality piecegoods market, but this is all changed and she now offers goods of all grades, all standard in their class, except the very choicest for which the market is limit ed. These too she is trying to duplicate, and no doubt is entertained here that she will soon succeed. How it is elsewhere is hard to say, but here Japan acquires all this lucrative trade over a tariff averaging 20% ad valorem. Nor does the cheap yen help the valuations, which are now based upon the mint par value of the yen. But hardly had this handicap been surmounted by Japan until President Roosevelt split the dollar, worth fewer yen. How Japan will manage this remains to be seen. One thing she probably will not do is pay much more for cotton. On the other hand, though cotton prices rise, the higher exchange value of the yen in relation to the dollar will tend to offset this movement. It is in clearing her trade with the Philippines that Japan will garner fewer yen, the trade will gross her less gold. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 Sugar’s Current Place in Philippine Exports The back-log of banking and of public revenue alike, sugar is our best organized farm industry In 1923 the Philippines produced 431,212 metric tons of sugar, last year they produced 1,065,328 metric tons and the estimate for this year is somewhat more than last year’s production was. Last year they exported 959,179.098 metric tons of sugar to the United States, 1.894 to Guam, and none to any other country reported in the customs records. So their total sugar exports were their sugar exports to America, 959,180.987 metric tons, for which they received Pl 10,661,409. This compares with 711,844.197 metric tonssoldto the United States for 1*93,237,856 during 1931 and shows how Philippine sugar lords it easily, now, over all other Philippine exports. As all Philippine exports during 1932 were valued at 1*191,000,000 and sugar exports alone at Pl 10,661,409, or say Pl 12,000,000 in round numbers, all other exports were valued at only P79,000,000 and sugar was 50% of the whole. Bear in mind that all 1932 Philippine exports were valued at P191,000,000. Take away the value of P25,000,000 for that portion of these exports sold to other coun tries than the United States, you have left P 166,000,000 for all Philippine surplus pro ducts sold to the United States, of which sugar sold there is about 70%. So it falls out that the United States is 87% of the whole overseas market the Phil ippines have, and in the United States market Philip pine sugar garners P7 while all other Philippine surplus products sold there garner P3. The Fairchild review of sugar in the industries sec tion of this magazine will show the current situation. Sugar is our best organized industry. The Philippine Sugar Asso ciation in which most of the mills are members is supple mented by associations of planters in the various mill terri tories. Far from being as closely organized as Hawaii’s sugar industry, where the mills lease and own the cane fields and grow the cane for their own account, the Philippine sugar industry is still organized sufficiently well to wield united influence, to induce approved methods of cultivation and use of approved seed, to battle insects and defeat locusts. Hence it is that -production per hectare steadily increases and tends to offset low prices. There was a brave show during the latter half of this year’s legislative session of trying to pass a bill limiting sugar pro duction in the islands; this because for several years now agitation at Washington, that duty-free sugar from the Phil ippines offered on the American market should be .limited, has never ceased. It was wanted to show that the islands voluntarily submit to limitation, but prefer effecting it them selves to having it imposed on them by outside authority. Newspapers reported, during the fortnight after the legis lature adjourned, that the limitation bill had passed. True, it was shadowed in the abortive work of the 11th hour, with so much irregularity charged that it was tardily certified to Average Monthly Philippine Sugar and Manila Hemp Exports Year Sugar % Of Total Manila Hemp % of Total Metric Tons Pesos Metric Tons Pesos 1921 18,332 Pl,752,015 14.3 18,474 P3,181,579 26.0 1922 5,827 792,399 5.1 17,305 4,000,521 25.5 1923 22,288 5,437,041 28.6 15,490 4,040,284 21.2 1924 29,148 7,101,638 32.1 15,915 4,563,748 20.7 1925 44,489 7,598,162 30.6 12,454 5,811,050 23.4 1926 35,479 5,252,693 23.3 13,107 5,629,695 25.0 1927 44,973 8,184,147 32.5 12,269 5,033,346 19.9 1928 47,863 7,877,667 31.4 13,612 4,523,177 18.0 1929 56,851 9,175,994 31 5 15,972 4,691,487 16.0 1930 59,664 8,181,650 35.4 15,474 3,834,862 16.5 1931 62,923 8,270,570 45.8. 11,417 1,587,947 8.8 1932 76,283 9,147,166 58.1 8,782 912,534 6.0 Gen. Avgc. 43,010 6,564,363 30.5 14,189 3,984,186 18.0 The table tells the story of how sugar has risen during the past 12 years among Philippine exports, and correspondingly how Manila hemp has declined. The government says the islands produced 188,888 metric tons of hemp during 1923, 130,394 tons last year; that last year more than 100,000 hectares of hemp lands were out of production, and 369,650 in production gave a crop of 5 piculs, 2-1 2 bales to the hectare, valued at primary markets at the average price of P3.98 a picul, total value 1*8,205,140. This contrasts with 253,110 hectares of sugar cane that yielded products valued at the primary markets at Pl 18,495,120. Hemp to sugar then, as 1 to 14. have passed to the governor general. It seems to have been a phantom bill, a will-o-the-wisp on which no one could lay hand. Members of the legislature by scored claimed never to have seen it, even conference committee members denied possession of copies, one newspaper had at differ ent times three versions of what purported to be it, but lacked clairvoyancy to distinguish spurious from genuine, and another newspaper vowed changes had been bootlegged into the bill after it had been approved by conferees, and had passed both houses by perfunctory final-hour vote. This added chameleon versatility to its prestidigital character; and then, the session over and members dispersed to their districts to mend their fences against next June’s general election, it suddenly began to travel, not to] Bohol, where the acting senate head might have signed it, but, it is said, to Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, where Representative Felipe Buencamino, its ostensible author, resides and may naturally have been anxious to see it. Truth is that the Philip pines are at sea as to what to do concerning sugar, col ossus of their industries. Action therefore, and wisely, holds over. They wish to do just as much (and no more) as will retain to them the greatest possible advantage in the American market. This is common sense, what anyone would do. Sugar is responsible for half the bank ing in the islands, we should say, at least, and for 30% of the tax revenue, already depleted to the limit of safety; and sugar employs half a million men and hundreds of millions of pesos of capital in cane lands and sugar mills. With sugar during the depression, the Philippines have had their usual luck. While sugar ruined Cuba’s budget, it kept that of the Philippines in balance; and while dividends were sus pended elsewhere, and mills closed and cane left uncut, in the Philippines dividends have been steady and comparatively high. Sugar has therefore kept up a large market here for manufactures, mostly supplied by the United States, and has kept the Philippines among America’s best and steadiest customers. Naturally there is no disposition here voluntarily to alter the situation just described, profoundly satisfactory all round. There is only a reluctant willingness to conform to what must be done, if anything, when that is finally ascertained at Washington, and indubitable information about it reaches Manila. The figures speak for themselves. December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 Paracale As a Geologist Sees It Today When the Maestre de Campo Marlin de Goiti, for whom Goiti plaza is named, and the young Captain Juan de Salcedo came to Manila in May 1570 to report on the advisability of Legaspi’s shifting his ca pital from Cebu to this city, they heard at once of the rich gold workings at Paracale. Salcedo soon went there, verifying all he had heard of the place; and throughout the Spanish period Paracale continued yield ing gold both from placers and lodes. The United Paracale Mining Co., Francisco Ortigas, president, is now engaged in an effort to establish modem mining in this district. SolebJ because of its general interest, and its competence, the following report to the company by J. 0. Emerg, a mining engineer, is re printed.—Ed. v ’historical Information and data, with the exception of placer work in recent years, is surprisingly fnSiger. “Several noted geologists have visited and reported on the various mines prior to American occupation and afterwards, but in each instance the report was confined to a very small portion of the district, covering one or two lodes, and no comprehensive treatise has been presented on the district as a whole, and all failed to realize the vast extent of ancient workings and to visualize the great number of lodes in the district and its enormous poten tialities for development. The Spanish were evidently quite content to send tne natives out by themselves to work the lodes in their own crude way; and with a few exceptions, where the lodes being worked were right at their doorstep, they failed to prospect the region or develop it along practical lines. Some work which would have been of value was initiated by the English Syndicate which obtained control of several of the old Spanish concessions in the district. This work, however, was halted by the Insurrection of 1898, and was never resumed. After the pacification of the Islands, a number of Americans located claims in the district and considerable work was done, but very little of the possibilities were explored, as will be shown later in this report. The district was, for several years, very active at the time the various placer deposits were being dredged at Mambulao, Bulalakao, Gumaos, Paracale and Maliguit. At one time, at least eight dredges were active with varying degrees of success. Over Seven Million Pesos (?7,000,000.00) in bullion was recovered, and due to old type dredges causing delays and poor recovery, a great deal was left in tailings. This is quite well sustained by the fact that many of the natives today depend for their living on panning the dredge tailings in the various localities. From old records and other evidence, it is evident that all placer ground above water level was worked thoroughly by natives and Chinese in ancient times. Spa nish records show that the placers were originally the main source of the gold, and that the ex ploitation of the lodes by natives followed much later and extended into modern times. GEOLOGY The geology of the Paracale Field is not involved. Tne district is a granite batholith metamorphosed on top, probably by volcanic flows, to a biotite gneiss. Small bodies of a very basic rocx, probably periodtite, are present as dykes and laccolyths in the granite and are in some instances metamorphosed into a chlorite schist. This condition has been recognized as an ideal occurrence for the deposition of gold. The faulting that caused the lodes was an extensive series of parallel cracks striking be tween North arfd East. These fractures extend over a known width of at least twelve miles, and probably as high as twenty miles, and are almost unbelievably numerous, ranging from sniall stringers' to enormous quartz reefs as wide as sixty feet. Apparently every lode carrying any value was discovered and surfically worked by the ancients, leaving the old caved shafts and tunnels as evidence outlining the various lodes on their strike for hundreds of feet, and obviating the necessity of surface prospeoting in the district. These faults were later filled with quartz carrying small quantities of sulphides of copper, lead, zinc, and iron as pyrite, together with gold arid silver. In some few places there are heavier concentrations of the sulphides, generally copper or lead predominating, and always accompanied by a decided increase in the con tained amounts of gold and silver. The ores are partially oxidized near the surface, a con dition that was considerably speeded up after the ancients worked the lodes, as their work ings exposed fresh surfaces to oxidation by descending waters and atmosphere. I have not observed, in the district itself, any remnants or float of sedimentaries, volcanics, or extrusives, but that all were present is in dicated by the shales and coral lime remnants in the surrounding region, by the several large iron ore deposits nearby, ana by the extrusives that lie all around the district. Apparently the granite was originally meta morphosed into the gneiss by volcanic flows and these flows later covered by sedimentaries when the country was submerged under the ocean. After the reelevation of the country, a long period must have elapsed during which time the sedimentaries and extrusives were com pletely eroded and part of the gneiss was worn off. At a not very distant geologic period, the country was very suddenly submerged for a short distance. This is evident from the placers as the pay streak consisted of a shallow strata of nearly pure quartz float covered with 30 to 40 feet of black sea mud. The creeks, at present, are very short and are nothing but tidal creeks, nearly d-y in low tide. The peaks of the low surroundi. ’ hills which contain the lodes form ing the pk ?rs are not more than six miles away from the coast at any point, and to the West there is a valley at least 50 kilometers wide leading to the higher central cordilleras, and this valley Shows no evidence of placers or gold. This evidence, and the configuration of the valley’s coast line and small islaiids off the coast, as well as the shallow seas, leads one to surmise that at one time the Maliguit was a considerable river running down the coast toward Gumaus bay and that the Paracale and other creeks emptied into this river. In all probability long stretches of very good placers lie buried at present under the ocean in the lower reaches of these creeks, but buried too deep for exploitation. PARACALE DISTRICT I include under Paracale, the San Antonio, Longos apd Maliguit properties, as they are all part of the same district and the same lodes. This district has been worked up to modern times. It lies about eight miles East of Mambulao on the Paracale and Maliguit water sheds. Geology and mineralogy is the same as Mam bulao with the same series of parallel lodes striking between North and East and much more numerous than at Mambulao. I have so far observed the following lodes: At Longos Point, one lode, about 15 feet wide, and another, 20 to 35 feet wide. The smaller lode lies right On the shore line and tide swamps. The larger lode lies on higher ground, but was worked nearly to sea level by the ancients. The English Syndicate, developed some ore here and operated a small mill for a time previous to the Insurrection. This locality can only develop tonnage by sinking a shaft and developing below sea level. At Paracale the first lode forms'a reef at the mouth of the river, some 25 feet wide, and runs into low ground on the river bank. This lode has not been worked or explored, and can only be developed by sinking. The next lode is the Baluarte Lode, famous in Spanish times for its richness. This lode has been completely removed about ten feet wide and for more than 600 feet over the apex of a hill about 150 feet high. This lode out crops on the bank of the Paracale river and when the dredges crossed this section they dug up part of this reef and obtained some very rich specimens. Several other lodes were dredged up, and for many years specimens of these lodes were on exhibit at the Bureau of Science. The next known lode is the first lode in the San Antonio mine adit. Thi$ San Antpnio mine was known as one of the richest in Paracale, and was worked by shaft and adit about 70 feet deep by the natives. After the American occupation a crosscut was driven thru this lode and a drift made on the vein. The central portion, about one foot wide, carried consider able copper and was sorted and shipped, averag ing by record nearly $200.00 per ton of gold. A sample taken by me of some of this ore remain ing on the dump ran $86.00. The whole lode is about 2J4 to 3 feet wide and will average about $50.00 per ton. Further in, is another lode, about 4 feet wide, but of unknown value as the tunnel is caved. By reopening this tunnel and advancing it for 3,000 feet to the West, it would cut at least nine other lodes showing on the surface by outcrops and shallow works, one lode being more than 20 feet wide and others varying from 2 feet to 6 or 8 feet. This would go under the May Cruz Paracale Mountain, the highest in the vicinity. Further West we encounter a large lode with a very persistent outcrop for more than 4,000 feet which has been worked in several places by the natives. At Sitio, Dangalan, a long crosscut was started but not finished—50 or 60 feet more will crosscut this large lode about 200 ieet under the surface. About 1,500 feet West of this is another large lode that seems to offer the quickest development possibilities. This lode ranges from 30 to 60 feet wide, and at one place, called locally Haligi Bato, or Monument Rock, the ancients escaloned this lode off for about forty feet deep and nearly 1,000 feet along the lode and worked deeper by means of hundreds of shafts on the lode. The ore and dirt from this work now constitutes a talus deposit containing from 150,000 to 200,000 tons of ore that may, from preliminary samples, average $3.00 to $4.00, which would make this ore very profitable due to the very low cost of treatment and mining. In addition, the lode, on account of its width, will develop more than a half million, tons of ore to a depth of 150 feet, and if it will average $5.00 to $6.00 across its width, would make very profitable ore due to low costs. Across the Maliguit and possibly an exetension of this lode, is an enormous outcrop some 110 feet wide. While this lode fio^s not assay on the outcrop, it has beenliterally honey combed with ancient works. Thi3 is ori low ground, and would require development by sinking. The Haligi Bato, San Antonio and Dangalan sites should rapidly' develop1 enoiigh ore to warrant the erection of a lafge mill and there should be enough ore above water letel to keep the mill operating for five or six years while development was continued at depth. This constitutes one of the best places I have ever seen for favorable development, and first assays taken lyere highly encouraging. The placer possibilities should be looked into very thoroughly, particularly at the point too shallow for the dredges, but not available to the ancient miners on account of depth' and water. Health and living conditions ip the district are excellent. A few typhoons are’ possible during the rainy season, from October to March, and the landing for boats is sometime difficult during this period of the year. Ocean going steamers can always anchor in Maliguit and Mambulao harbors, and the waters here are quiet enough for unloading by scows. 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 The American Chamber of Commerce O F T H E Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS H. M. Cavender, President C. S. Salmon, Vice Preident John L. Headington,Treasurer Leo K. Cotterman W. L. Applegate J. C. Rockwell Kenneth B. Day E. M. Grimm P. A. Meyer ALTERNATE DIRECTORS Verne E. Miller S. R. Hawthorne F. H. Hale L. D. Lockwood. John R. Wilson, Secretary James C. Ross, General Counsel EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: H. M. Cavender C. S. Salmon Paul A. Meyer RELIEF COMMITTEE: J: Gordon R. Wilson MANUFACTURING COMMITTEE: K. B. Day F. H. Hale F. N. Berry LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE: H. M. Cavender Paul A. Meyer E. E. Selph J. R. Wilson FINANCE COMMITTEE: C. S. Salmon Verne E. Miller FOREIGN TRADE COMMITTEE: H. B. Pond Paul A. Meyer L. Spellman COMMITTEES PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE: H. M. Cavender P. A. Meyer R. C. Bennett J. R. Wilson BANKING COMMITTEE: C. M. Cotterman W. K. LeCount J. R. Lloyd RECEPTION. ENTERTAINMENT & HOUSE COMMITTEE: L. M. Hausman LIBRARY COMMITTEE: S. A. Warner SHIPPING COMMITTEE: E. M. Grimm G. P. Bradford E. W. Latie INVESTMENT COMMITTEE: H. M. Cavender C. S. Salmon Paul A. Meyer J. L. Headington A TREAT IN STORE For everyone in the Philippines a treat is in store when the Philippine carnival opens its annual show on Wallace Field and displays the agricultural, commercial and industrial exhibits gathered there by effort of business houses, offices of the government, business associations, and the provinces and towns. Whatever you remember from last spring’s carnival and earlier ones, this spring’s exhibits will, you may be assured, be equally impressive, informative and depression lifting. No one should miss seeing them, in small they exhibit the great natural resources of these islands and the people’s potential ability to convert these resources into industrial and commercial products. If you are young enough, you may enjoy the carnival itself. However old you are, you will certainly revel in the exhibits, the industrial fair. The carnival association awards recog nition to the better exhibits, thus meriting the support of the public and the government. Haphazard as this effort is, it is still what has been found practical here and in other countries. It is still contended, too, that in the carnival association the Philippines have the nucleus of an organization that should lead to the formal establishment of the practice of holding annual fairs in the villages and towns, in association with their festivals honoring their patron saints, and after them, in the provincial capitals. Nothing else could be more important to the country’s agricultural, industrial and commercial advancement than a graduated series of fairs sponsored by a central organization in Maiila under effective governmental supervision. It would be repetitive to say that Philippine agriculture and industry were first, and for a long time, effectively encouraged by such exhibitions, sponsored by the old Amigos del Pals society. See the carnival exhibits and convince yourself that what the Amigos del Pais did should be done now. The people have the bent for it, all that is wanting is effective direction of this praiseworthy inclination of the people to do their level best. All credit to the carnival association for tiding the country through a period that will one day be regretted, the period that neglected fairs. TOBACCO Elsewhere in this issue of the Journal appears a table reviewing the tobacco crop of the islands for many years. The 1932 crop was 981,260 quintals valued at the local markets at P5,140,280. Trade Commissioner E. D. Heste^ showt. in his October report 812,011 kilos of leaf tobacco valued at 1*146,002 exported during that month, of which 789,308 kilos valued at Fl33,080 went to Spain, our one important customer for leaf. He shows 24,739,453 cigars valued at P767,791 exported during October, 23,930,760 valued at P732,311 to the United States, our one customer whose purchases exceed a million cigars a month, China, next best, dropping down to 329,200. His data are assisted by our own reviews, carefully prepared by P. A. Meyer of the Tobacco Association. Com parison with other years reveals that our tobacco suffers from the world depression along with our other crops; however, all things considered tobacco’s position is fair and employ ment in the industry satisfactory. GENERAL TRADE In values, this year’s trade as a whole runs a little below last year’s. But it is gaining, Manila internal revenue collec tions in October were 16% ahead of October’s last year. They are 3/4 of the collections for the entire islands. The Manila railroad’s average daily metric tonnage was 4,415 during October, against 1,807 during September, and 3,000 during October last year. The November data are on another page, in Mr. Royer’s detailed review. Nine months’ imports this year valued Pl 12,205,942, against P123,157,154 last year: iron and steel, cottons, meats and dairy products, auto mobiles and parts, flour, paper, leather and manufactures, then all other imports lumped together. Not yet reflected much, if at all, in commodity prices, times in America have definitely improved of late. Times are also reported as improving in Europe. The world is settling down to intranationalism and trying to make the best of it, working out new formulae for carrying on. Isolated from the United States, the Philippines would be feeling the full force of this, being so dominantly an exporting country and consuming so little of their own products. But asso ciated with the United States they partake of the benefits of all betterments there; and being agrarian, the market they offer the United States for manufactures is a steadier one than any found at home—if not, which can be averted, eventually monopolized by Japanese goods. Things work out well at both ends of this commerce, but by taking hold better here we could, unitedly, make them work out better for the United States, and so better to our own advantage; we mean, of course, the general advantage of the Philippines. Let that be the year-end thought. We wish all our patrons and readers a merry Christmas and a happy prosperous new year. A special genius seems to preside over the destiny of the Philippines, absolving them from catastrophies that periodically have threatened to engulf them, as the sugar situation, and fats and oils seem to threaten now. These threats will pass. Wager on it. Not that we must not be alert, only that we need not be too much alarmed. Let us pay tribute to congress, that has never done the islands con scious injury, and to the presidency of the United States, more than sharing the honor of keeping the islands’ welfare uppermost in mind. Last, not least, sincere appreciation of our governor-general, Frank Murphy, enduring oblivion at home, where he had graced public service remarkably, to do a bit of good here. He upholds the best traditions of his great office. —W. R. December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMNRCE JOURNAL 15 Philippine Sugar Industry 80 Years Age By Robert MacMicking: 1851 Sugar.—Although the canc is cultivated to a greater or less extent throughout all the islands, there are four descriptions of sugar well known in commerce, grown in the Philippines, and these come respectively from the districts of Pampanga, Pangasinan, Cebu, and Saal, after which districts they are named; and the growth of other places producing similar sugars to any of ESSse descriptions, visually passes under one of these names in the market, although Iloilo is sometimes, though rarely, distinguished as a separate quality. The mills employed for ex pressing the juice from the cane are nearly all of stone; and firewood is usually employed to boil the sugar; for although they have for some years introduced the plan of employing the refuse of the cane for that purpose, it is not yet very general. A large quantity of the Muscovado sugar made in the country, resembling the descriptions pro duced in the provinces of Pampanga and Pangasi nan, is brought to Manila for sale, in large conical earthern jars, called pilones each of which weighs a picul. The Chinese or Mestizos who are engaged in the purifying of sugar are the purchasers of these lots, and most of them are in the habit of sending an agent through the coun try, with orders to buy up as much of such sugar as they require to keep their establishments at work. They are in the habit of paying these travellers a rial, which at Manila is the eighth part of a dollar, for every pilone he purchases on their account at the limits they give him. When enough has been collected in one neigh bourhood to load a casco or other province boat, it is despatched to their camarine at Manila, where after being taken from the original pilone, if it has come from Pampanga, it is mixed up together, and placed in another one, With an opening at the conical part, which is placed over a jar into which the molasses distilling from it gradually drop, when the colour of the sugar from being browp becomes of a greyish tinge. At the top of the pilone, so placed with (he cone turned down, a layer of clay is spread over the sugar, as it has the property of attracting Jtll the impurities to itself; so that the parts of the sugar in the pilone next to the clay are certain to be of the whitest and best colour, whilst the sugar at the bottom, or next the opening of the cone, is the darkest and most valueless, until it has had its turn of the clay; for when the China men perceive that the top part of the sugar in the pilone or earthen jar has attained a certain degree of whiteness, they separate the white from the darker coloured, and the greyish tinged sugar from the dark brown coloured portion at the foot of the jar; and after exposing the white and greyish coloured to the sun, they are packed up, while the dark brown portion, after being mixed with that of a similar colour, is again con signed to the pilone to be clayed. Besides clay, some portions of the stem of the plantain-tree are said to have the power of ex tracting the impurities from sugar, and in some districts are said to be preferred to clay for that purpose, being chopped up in small pieces, and spread over it. The unclayed descriptions of sugar are gen erally procurable at Manila by the end of Feb ruary, when the new crop commences to come in; and clayed, or the new crop, is seldom ready for delivery before the middle of March. The entire crop is all ready for export by the end of April, although the market is seldom cleared of it till the January of the ensuing year, when the sugar clayers being anxious to close their accounts of the past cropland wind up all that remains in their camarines, in order to be ready for the new season’s operations, are sometimes willing to make a reduction in the nominal price of the day, in order to effect that purpose. But as the grain of sugar does.not improve by keeping, especially when .it has to stand the moistness of the atmosphere during the preceding wet season, such sugar, if bought at that time, is seldom equal in grain to the produce of the new crop, although its colour may be preferable. Pangasinan sugar is of a beautiful white colour, but with a very inferior grain: it loses much in the sun-dryings, and is generally, I believe, mixed with the clayed Pampanga sugar, to give the latter a colour, although all the dealers deny doing it themselves, but are ready enough to believe, if told that their neighbours are in the habit of mixing both Cebu and it, in their pilones,—the first for the sake of cheapness, and the other for a colour. Pampanga sugar is of a brownish tinge, and when of good quality, of a strong grain. It possesses a very much greater Quantity of saccharine matter than any other escription of sugar I am acquainted with, and is consequently a favourite of the refiners at home and in Sweden. Taal and Cebu descrip tions are never clayed separately, although, as before mentioned, the latter, on account of its cheapness, is occasionally mixed with Pam panga for claying. They are principally in demand for the Austra lian colonies, where Taal is generally preferred to Cebu (or Zebu), from its possessing more saccha rine matter than the latter. Taal is generally so moist that it always loses considerably in weight, sometimes to the extent of about IO per cent, and even more;—it is a strong sweet sugar. Cebu seldom loses so much as Taal, generally not more than 3 per cent on a voyage of about two months’ duration. All sugar is sold to the export merchants by the picul of 140 lbs. English, and it is either paid for at the time of its delivery, or if a contract is made for a large quantity with a clayer, or other dealer, it is often necessary to advance a portion of the price to enable him to execute the order, and the merchants often do this long before a picul of sugar is received from him, or any secu At the exchange of If bought would cost, At J5J4 At $5J4 At $5^ At $6 At $6,'4 At S6J4 At »7 £ t. d. £ a. d. £. a. d. £ a. d. £ a. d. £ a. d. £ a. d. £ a. d. ’ 19 0 6 19 17 8 20 11 5 21 12 1 22 10 5 23 6 3 24 5 4 26 0 3 19 4 5 20 1 9 20 19 8 21 16 5 22 15 0 23 11 0 24 10 5 25 5 6 19 8 3 20 5 10 21 3 11 22 0 9 22 19 6 23 15 9 24 15 3 26 10 0 19 12 2 20 9 11 21 8 2 22 5 2 23 4 2 24 0 6 25 0 2 26 16 2 19 16 0 20 13 11 21 12 4 22 9 7 23 8 9 24 5 4 25 5 1 27 1 6 19 19 11 20 18 0 21 1G 8 22 14 0 23 13 4 24 10 1 25 10 1 27 6 9 20 3 10 21 2 1 22 0 10 22 18 5 23 18 0 24 14 10 25 15 0 27 12 1 20 7 8 21 6 1 22 5 1 23 2 10 24 2 6 24 19 7 26 0 0 27 17 5 20 11 7 21 10 2 22 9 4 23 7 3 24 7 2 25 4 4 26 5 0 28 2 9 20 15 6 21 14 3 22 13 7 23 11 8 24 11 9 25 9 1 26 9 11 28 8 0 20 19 4 21 18 3 22 17 10 23 16 0 24 16 4 25 13 10 26 14 10 28 13 4 i 5 6 To understand this table, suppose an agent in Manila purchases a quantity of hemp for a mer chant in London, at 5 dollars per picul, the cost of pacjdng, shipping, and the 5 per cent com mission for buying, &c., will make it cost, when put on board ship in Manila Bay, 201.19s. 4d. per ton, if drawn for at the exchange of 4s. 6d. to the dollar. On its arrival at London, the freight, insurance, &c., added to this, will be its actual cost laid down there. rity given in return. This system prevails not only in sugar, but in all other articles of the agri cultural produce of the islands, in the sale of which no credit is given to the purchaser. Sugar pays an export duty of 3 per cent. It should never be weighed except upon a hot dry day, as if there is the least moisture in the air it absorbs it, and adds considerably to its weight. In connection with sugar, it may be stated, that some very good rum is made at Manila, although very little is exported. It is a monopoly of the Government, who farm it out to one of the sugar clayers at Manila. Molasses are never shipped, but are used in Manila for mixing with the water given to the horses to drink, most of them refusing to taste it unless so sweetened. Hemp is produced from the bark of a species of the plantain-tree, forests of which are found growing wild in some provinces of the Philip pines. The operation of making it is simple enough, the most important of tne process ap parently being the separation of the fibres from each other by an iron instrument, resembling a comb for the hair. After drying in the sun, and undergoing several other processes, with the minutiae of which I am unacquainted, it is made up into bales, weighing 280 lbs. each, and in that state is shipped for Manila, where, after being picked more or less white, which is dependent entirely upon the purposes it is intended to serve, and the markets it has to be sent to, it is again pressed into bales of the same weight as before, although of much less bulk, and is exported, the greater quantity of it going to the United States of America, as the export tables will show. The best hemp is of a long and fine white fibre, very well dried, and of a silky gloss. The dark coloured is not so well liked, and if too bad for exportation, is generally made up into ropes for the colonial shipping, or sent down to Singa pore for transhipment to Calcutta, where it is employed for the same purpose. The best hemp comes from Sorsogon and Leyte, and some of the Cebu is also very goodAlbay, Camarines, Samar, Bisayas, and some other districts, are those from which it princi pally comes. The freight on hemp shipped by American vessels to the United States, is reckoned at the rate of <0 cubic feet, or four bales of 10 feet each, to the ton; but when shipped to Great Britain, the freight is generally calculated at the ton of 20 cwt., or 2,240 lbs. avoirdupois. Annexed is a table of calculations of what it will cost if put on board a ship in Manila Bay, including all charges, and 5 per cent paid to an agent there for purchasing it, &c. 8 First Edition “Worcester” Wanted If any reader has a copy of “Philippines Past and Present,” by Dean C. Worcester, 1914 edi tion, he is willing to dispose of, he can do so by communicating with the editor of the Journal. A friend of this magazine wishes to buy 6uch a copy. 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 A Fight for the Spice Islands "The beginning of this year a very cruel scene was acted at Amboyna, one of the Sunda islands lying near the Moluccas in the East Indies. A treaty had been concluded in 1619 between England and the United Provinces whereby, among other things, it was agreed that in regard of the great bloodshed and cost pretended to be bestowed by the Dutch in winning the trade of the Isles of the Moluccas, Banda and Am boyna, from the Spaniards and Portuguese, the Dutch should enjoy two-thirds of that trade and the English the other third. "In pursuance of this agreement English factories were placed at the Moluccas, Banda and Amboyna, the last of which is the principal place in the East Indies, where nutmegs, mace, cinnamon and cloves grow. Here the English had settled but about two years when the Dutch, in order to deprive them of their share of the spice trade pretended a plot was formed between the English and the natives to get possession of the Dutch forts and to expel them from the island, though they had but twenty men upon it and the Dutch above two hundred garrison soldiers in the castle and eight ships riding in the road. The slender (or rather, no) pretense upon which this suspicion of a plot was founded was this: “A Japanese at Amboyna walking in the night of the 11th of February upon the wall of that place asked the Dutch sentinel some questions about the strength of the castle and the people who were in it, which he had reason to cio that he might understand the force of their watches and the strength of the aid he might expect if any sudden attempt should happen in his quarter, where he served the Dutch upon occasion as a soldier. The Dutch, who wanted a pretense to make a plot, laid hold of this opportunity to reek their malice upon the English; and having apprehended the Japanese, put him to the torture and extorted a confession that himself and others of his countrymen, by the instigation of the English, had contrived to take the castle: whereupon other Japanese were also examined and tortured, as also a Portuguese, the guardian of the slaves under the Dutch, which lasted three or four days. "During this examination the English went freely to the castle and heard of their accusa tion and torture, but being conscious of their own innocence never offered to flv. At the same time, Abel I’jice, surgeon to the English, being a prisoner in the castle for offering to set a Dutch house on fire in his drunkenness, was told that the Japanese, whom they showed him most grievously tortured, had confessed that the English had conspired with them on New Year’s Day to take the castle, and that if he would not confess they would use him as bad or worse than the Japanese. Whereupon, having given him the torture, he quickly con fessed whatever they asked him, on February the 15th. "The same day they sent for Captain Towerson and the rest of the English who were in the town, who cajne all but one to the governor’s. He told them they were accused of a conspiracy to surprise the castle and were to remain pri soners till farther trial. After this they pre sently seized him who was left at home in the house, took the merchandise of the English Company into their custody by inventory, and seized all the chests, boxes, books, writings, and other things in the English house. Captain Towerson was committed to his chamber with a guard of Dutch soldiers. Emanuel Tomson was kept prisoner in the castle and the rest, being seven, viz., John Baumoiit, Edward Collins, William Webber, Ephraim Ramsey, Timothy Johnson, John Fardo, and Robert Brown, were sent on board the Dutch ships riding in the harbor and were all put in irons. “The same day the governor sent to the two lesser factories in the same island and appre hended Colson, Clark, and Sharrock, at Hitto, and Coslins, Webber, and Sadler, at Larica, and they were all brought prisoners to the castle the 16th, which day three more were apprehended at Cambello, and three more at Lobo, two little factories of the English, and brought in irons to Amboyna the 20th. “Having thus extorted by tflrture from the Japanese and others a declaration of what they knew to be false, they proceeded in the next place to torture the English whom they had seized to make them confess themselves, SJfil one another, to be guilty of this pretended conspiracy. The manner of their torture was as follows: “They first hoised the person to be tortured by the hands upon a large door, where they made him fast upon two staples of iron at the top of the door posts with his hands stretched out as wide as they could endure: then his feet being raised two feet from the ground, they stretched them out as far as they could and fastened them to the door on each side. After this they bound a cloth about his neck and face so close that little or no water could go by, and then poured water softly upon his head until the cloth was full up to the mouth and nostrils, and somewhat higher, so that he could not draw breath, but he must suck in the water which, being still continued to be poured in softly, forced his inward parts, came out of his nose, ears and eyes, and many times so stifled him and took away his breath that he fell into a swooning fit, which as soon as they perceived they quickly took him down and made him vomit up the water. But after he was a little recovered they drew him up again and poured in the water as before, still taking IMPORT MEAT & PRODUCE CO. 2—PINPIN—2 Wm. J. ELLIS, Mgr. Finest American Beef, Pork, Mutton, and Veal. TURKEYS For Christmas American Geese, Ducks. CHICKEN, MILK FED Fresh Fish, Shellfish, Game, and Vegetables, at Moderate Prices. TELEPHONE 2-41-09 BRANCH STORE 410 A. Mabini, Tel. 5-72-94 MAIL ORDERS SOLICITED EXCHANGE CAFE 349 • San Vicente • 351 (Opposite Rear Entrance Crystal Arcade) BUSINESS MEN’S LUNCH DAILY 12:00 M. to 2:00 P. M. A la Carte Service Private Dining Rooms and Booths (2nd Floor), Entrance, Marquina We appreciate your patronage, and reci procate with good food, and good service. Our Specialty CHARCOAL BROILED MEATS TRY THEM f Proprietors: C. P. Bush • George Upton Telephone 2-27-01 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 him down as soon as he seemed to be stifled. “In this manner they handled him three or four several times with water, till his body was swelled twice or thrice as big as before, his cheeks were like great bladders, and his eyes stared out beyond his forehead; and if he would not accuse himself and others of the conspiracy, after all this torture, as several of them did not, then they hoised up again as before and burnt him with lighted candles in the bottom of his feet until tne fat dropping put out the candles, and then applied fresh lights to him. They burnt him also under the elbows, on the palms of the lumds, and under the arm pits until his inward parts might plainly be seen. And after he was thus wearied and overcome with torments, if he did not make any confession of^imself, they proposed to him leading ques tions of tfieir own framing, to which he an swered Fes; and this was taken for his confession, and produced as evidence against himself and others though he denied upon oath before and after the torture. “But to finish their barbarity, the person who had been thus martyred was carried away to a dungeon, where he lay five or six days without any surgeon to dress him; until, hiis flesh being putrified, great maggots dropped and crept from him in a most loathsome and nauseous manner. Besides all this, some had their toes slit and their breasts lanced; and then, gun powder being put in the wounds, was set fire to. “Of the English who were examined, some endured this torture by fire and water to the last extremity before they were forced to con fess what they never knew, as Tomson, Johnson, Collins, and Clark. Others endured the torture of water for an hour or two before they could be brought to accuse themselves and others of this pretended conspiracy, as Brown, Collins, Wetheral, Fardo, etc. Others being terrified with the fear of torture, which produced dread ful effects in others, chose rather to confess all they were asked, or to devise a lie to save themselves from torment: but most of them, at the time of the examination, before or after the forced confession of a design to seize the castle, declared and protested their innocence and the falsehood of all they had said in accusing others of a conspiracy, as Collins, Sharrock, etc., and so Colson, Grigs, and Fardo, being brought to confront Captain Towerson, who deeply protested his innocence, fell down upon their knees and praying God to forgive them, declared that all they had said against him was false and spoken only to avoid torment. Though after that, being threatened with the torture, they then affirmed their former pretended confessions. “In short, all the English who were condemned to die (some being either acquitted or pardoned by the interest of their Dutch friends) did, after sentence, solemnly vow and protest, as they hoped for pardon and salvation, that themselves and all whom they had charged were innocent of the crime for which they died. So Captain Towerson, at the end of the schedule, writes: ‘That he was innocent of what was laid to his charge, for which he was then to die.’ And Grigs, who had accused him, writes in his table book in the name of himself, Baumont, Price, and Brown: ‘That by extreme torture they were constrained to say what they never meant, and take it upon their death that they died guiltless of the accusation laid to their charge.’ And Colson writes: ‘That upon his salvation as he hoped for redemption by the death of Christ,, he was clear of that conspiracy for which he was to die, neither did he know any Englishman guilty thereof.’ And in another writing he declares: ‘That he did confess what, as he hopes to be saved, is not true, par ticularly against Captain Towerson, being forced for fear of torment, and that as he hopes for pardon for his sins, he knows no more of this business than a child unborn.’ “Subscribed with his name. “These writings were preserved, but other writings to the same purpose, particularly of Captain Towerson, who was observed to write much in prison, were suppressed by the Dutch; and his examination and Tomson’s being kept apart, are not yet come to light. “On the six and 20th of February, when all the prisoners were brought into the hall of the castle, excepting Captain Towerson and Mr. Tomson, to be prepared for death, all the Ja panese cried out: ‘Oh, ye English! When did we ever eat or talk with you?’ And the English answering: ‘Why have you then accused us?’ The poor men then showed them their tortured bodies, and said: ‘If a stone were thus burnt, would it not change its nature? How much more we who are flesh and blood.’ And when the Dutch ministers came to the ten English in the hall, exhorting them to make a true con fession, because they had but a short time to live, they still professed their innocence and prayed that they might receive the saefament as a seal of the pardon of their sins: and to confirm their profession; and this was denied them. “But when the preacher told them the clearer they were of any guilt the greater would be their reward, Mr. Colson gave him his purse and prayed him to exhort the governor, whom he freely forgave, to repent of this bloody tra gedy, acted upon these innocent souls. And all the rest of the English signified their consent to what he said, and when Fardo charged them all, as they would answer at God’s judgment seat, if any of them were guilty of this matter to confess the truth for the satisfaction of the world, Mr. Colson answered: ‘If I be guilty of it more or less, let me never be partaker of the joys of heaven.’ At which words every one of the rest cried out: ‘Amen for me, good Lord! ’ “After this, each of them knowing whom he had accused, went to one another begging for giveness for thcir.false accusations being extorted by the pains or fear of torture; and they all freely forgave one another, for none was falsely accused but himself had falsely accused another. After this they spent the rest of the night in prayer, singing of psalms, and comforting one another, while the Dutch guards offered them wine and bid them drink merrily and drive away sorrow. "The seven and twentieth of February, being the day of execution, the condemned persons, first requested John I’owle, and after wards all who were acquitted and pardoned, to bear witness to their friends in England, of their innocence, and that they were merely murdered by the Dutch, whom they prayed God to forgive, and to have mercy on their souls. “Being brought to the place of execution, (not by the nearest and common way, but round about in procession through the town) they Dr. Augustus P. West and Dr. Aurelio O. Cruz of the science bureau published recently the main results of their exhaustive experiments with rice, The Philippine Journal of Science, September 1933. The part of this excellent paper to which our readers’ attention is invited is the part that discusses rice oil. It is very surprising to learn that oil is about 20% of the gross content of rice bran, definitely hinting that use of this oil commercially is possible. The usual pressure used to extract oil from copra in Philippine coconut oil factories is 4,000 pounds. From the first run the press cake emerges still retaining some 15% of its oil con tent, which is further reduced by a second run. Pressure of 4,000 pounds exerted upon rice bran alone extracts but little of the rice oil. But when expeller or press cake of copra is mixed with rice bran at the ratio of 2 to 1, oil from the cake assists the process and a mixed oil is ob tained, at pressure of 4,000 pounds, which is roughly 1 part rice oil and 3 parts coconut oil. The table indicates the composition of rice oil and that of some other oils, and shows rice oil very similar to peanut and cottonseed oils. Rice oil is very much darker in color than coconut oil, and mixed in varying proportions with coconut oil the mixtures are all darker than coconut oil. Commercially, this factor would have to be dealt with; it would seem not to be every one of them severally took it upon their death that they were utterly guiltless, and so they cheerfully submitted to the fatal stroke. The persons who were executed were, Mr. Towerson, Agent of the English at Amboyna, Mr. Colson, Thomson, Johnson, Wetheral, Clark, Grigs, Fardo, Price and Brown; the Portuguese Perez, who swore upon the Cross that he was innocent, and nine Japanese who, likewise in their way, professed their innocence. “The next day the new Dutch General sent Beaumont, Sharrock, Collins, Webber, the four who were pardoned, to several factories, and sent Collins, who was freed by casting lots, to Jaccatra, whither Captain Welden, having sent three of them to other places, quickly after carried them all in a pinnace. The narra tive of these proceedings, (say my authors) is taken out of the depositions of six English factors whereof four were condemned and pardoned, and the others acquitted at Amboyna, being since their return to England examined upon oath in the Admiralty Court. “The Dutch did not stop here, but seized upon the English factories in Seran, Pooleroon, and other neighbouring Islands; becoming by those means, almost entire masters of the spice trade.” The above account of a bit of early pioneering for trade in this part of the world is from The Naval History of England in All Its Branches, by Thomas Lediard, Gent., pursuing that mar velous subject with perspicuous scholarship from the Norman conquest to 1734. This magazine publishes it not alone for its interest to men concerned in world trade, who are among its readers, but to impress the fact that Torquemada did not embody cruelty unique to Spain, rather a cruelty common to the times and to all countries of that time; in which the Moor, indeed, was the mildest man of all, being then the most advanced in civilization. At Amboyna, it was Protestant against Protes tant, and England was still the ally of the Dutch. Nor were the Dutch motivated at Amboyna by religious faith or purpose to defend it, but by material selfishness. Lediard abounds in in cidents in which the English, the Spanish, and the French were offenders; in the end honors are equal. The Dutch had taken Amboyna from Spain, who had vainly relied upon the Philippines to hold her Spice Islands possessions and trade. —Ed. insurmountable, since harmless coloring matter could give a margarine containing rice oil the right tone. The annual production of rice bran in the Philippines is given by West and Cruz as 111,000 tons; the yield of oil from such a quan tity would approximate 22,500 tons. Extracted by mixture with expeller cake, the mixture yielding an oil 75% of coconut oil and 25% rice oil, the blend oil so obtained would be about 90,000 tons if all the bran were processed for its oil before being put to other uses. Given a proper handling of the bran, this might be done; the tikitiki extracts for correction of beriberi, for which if enough extract were made the whole lot of the available bran would be required (for awhile, when beriberi might be expected to be materially reduced) could be made from the bran press cake. It is other constituents of the bran than the oil that are wanted for correcting beriberi, particularly the protein content. The protein nitrogen content is 8 times the nonprotein content. Bran-copra press cake would be a cattle feed more nutritious, and logically in better demand, than copra press cake alone, rice bran contain ing not merely fats, but vitamins and proteins. It has been found in Louisiana, Texas and else where that for feeding cattle rice bran excels corn, either whole or ground. Alluding to the commercial value of rice oil, 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 West and Cruz say this: “Rice oil contains the fat-soluble vitamins A and E; and, when irradiated, vitamin D is developed in the oil. Should the vitamin D content of lice oil be increased, with sufficient irradiation, to that of codliver oil, then the rice oil may become an important nutritive sub stance. Possibly it could be used as a substitute for eodlircr oil. Rico oil has a bland fatty taste and iu this respect is certainly more agreeable to take than codlivcr oil." Reference is then made to the far more im portant potential use of rice oil in the Phil ippines; namely, its blending (that would be effected by the very process of extraction, as already described, with coconut oil intended for use in margarines. Coconut oil mainly extracted from Philippine copra either here or in the United States has for some time past been the dominant ingredient of standard margarines, often with some admixture of other oils, such as peanut or cottonseed oil—both of which rice oil so closely resembles as to be a fit substitute for them. Coconut oil lacks vitamins, rice oil would supply them. There is at least the pro bability that a rice-copra oil, that might bear the trade name blend oil, would find much favor in the margarine field. "Mixtures of coconut and rice oils," say West and Cruz, "should make a margarine more like natural butter than when coconut oil alone is used." Congratulating the authors West and Cruz on their excellent research of their subject, rice, Comparison of Philippine rice oil with other oils. Constituent Philippine oils American oils Iticc 1 Iticc Peanut Iticc Cotton Glycerides of: Unsaturated acids— (licit-.................................................................... .......... ' ‘^Mvristic”''................................................................................ Palmitic.......................................................................................... I.ignoceric..................................................................................... Cnsaponiriable matter ...................................................................... Total........................................................................................... Per cent 16'9 2 6 4 0 Per cent 27.7 0.2 17 3 0 7 0.7 4.0 Per cent 53 9 27 0 3T> 3.4 2.4 0.3 Per rent 0 3 12 3 1 8 0 5 0.4 Per cent 35 2 41 7 0.3 20.0 2.0 0.6 97 9 98 0 99 1 97 6 99 8 ON LAND TAXATION By Percy A. Hill There has been some talk of late of valuing farm lands for taxation on the basis of their average production during 5 years. It is said some countries succeed in doing this. No doubt this would be as good as other systems, except that we lack the personnel, the ability and the nerve to put it into effect. The regular o-year revision of land taxes is supposedly based on normalcy. What is needed is a yearly rate, within the power of farmers to pay, put into effect promptly. Varying productivity, discrepancies in. assessments in different lo calities, transportation inequalities and other factors would make the 5-year average-production plan unfeasible. Especially as we have no trained personnel in any branch of taxation, let alone the highly complicated one of agriculture. The present method is, of course, cumber some; like all things related to taxation, it is wedded to hidebound custom and inability to change. However, the harrassed planter and landowner harbors a smouldering resentment that may break out into agrarian disturbance— with or without the tenants themselves. This is due to the provincial boards. Supposed to represent landowners and to have lands of their own, the boards are prodded on one side by the government, that has to have revenue to spend on pet projects in the name of modernity, and on the other side, arc cursed with the selfish complex themselves and are too careful to avoid lowering the salaries of hosts of unnecessary emnloyAs. They contented themselves with trifling reductions, of 10% and 15%, utterly this magazine is moved to suggest that rice oil offers an opportunity for the government wisely to assert itself in business and in behalf of busi ness. The government extracts tikitiki as a corrective of beriberi, is therefore the principal buyer of rice bran. No business today is ex ploiting the virtues of this bran commercially (except some pharmacal laboratories utilizing the tikitiki extract), much bran is wastefully stored and allowed to spoil. There are mills in Manila where the oil could be taken from the bran and, mingled with copra oil in the process, as blend oil would find an immediate market, and the press cake a demand in Europe. If the government has the potential set-up for this venture in, say, its commerce bureau, it should be a sensible undertaking to try to add nearly 23,000 tons, in form of a product now largely let go to waste, to the islands’ exports. At. current prices the sum realized from sale of 22,000 tons of rice oil, counted at the price of coconut oil, with which it would be blended, would be well over a million dollars. The aim, of course, should be toward the European market unless barriers were in the way; not only to place the new rice oil there, but with it the 66,000 tons of coconut oil with which it would be blended during extraction—thus diverting from America a portion of the supply of coconut oil that has depressed the fats market there and provoked the movement to limit, exclude or tax our coco nut oil, or discriminate against margarines containing it. ignoring the fact that most revenue is not paid by the privileged classes but by all lands with a semblance of cultivation—at a loss. The tax payer’s main concern today is that of mere existence. No government can ex pect cooperation from him, and very well so, that callously collects taxes on a prosperity basis, based on high prices, in this year 4 A. C. (After Crisis). It must not be forgotten that the power to pay is often ignored by the budget makers and statesmen, who seem to believe farmers and planters are willfully withholding tax moneySuch a notion deserves the worst. Records of 30 years show that landowners have no objec tions to paying just taxes promptly. They object when taxes are exacted on a prosperity basis when they are no longer prosperous; and they become careless of consequences, what ever these may be. Employes dreading dis missal, men for whom the depression exists only for the other fellow, know nothing of the landowner's tax problems. Ex-Governor Roosevelt’s moratorium on taxes worked a great deal of harm, in that it did not. reduce taxation at all. His requests to pro vincial boards remained mere requests. Chirp ings about paying in installments are just another way of working the same game from the top, and will result in nothing definite. Neither will adjurations to pay in time to escape the penalties; when, as we have pointed out, the chief problem of the producer is one of sheer existence; he knows that before government was, the individual was, and the individual will always be first. Fundamentals of the land tax are based on excellent factors, providing a certain normalcy exists from year to year, or over the period of revision—every 5 years. These factors are: (a) market value of land at time of assessment., <b) price of product at time of assessment, and (c) estimated crop per hectare. These factors are modified by proximity to roads and markets, irrigation facilities and productivity of the soil, altogether quite a complicated affair. But in normal times taxes thus based are not onerous. But one main objection to the income tax was that it was levied on profits that had, by the time of collection, a year later, disappear ed; and it is easily seen how a similar factor irks land-tax payers in a period of 5 years, 4 of which have made existence a njghtmare^ saying nothing of contributing to support an expensive fabric, of government touching land owners only in the abstract. The rate, usually 7/8 of 1% to 1-1/2 of 1%, is of no moment, being merely a symbol. The actual assessed value is what is needed to be ascertained, not every 5 years, but every year, so the tax will be within the landowner’s ability to pay without exhortations and thunder. Now an overworked government personnel will lean back and say, impossible, a word now eliminated from many national dictionaries. But it is not impossible. In some cases, during the past year, the land-tax rate against first rate lands and well-run estates ran as high as 22% of the net returns from the crop. When taxes reach 10% of the net production, they have reached their maximum. Furthermore, returns from farming have, during the past 3 years, in many cases been below operating expense; as for invested capital, the value of the lands, there has been a net loss since 192'.). This is the set-up for the land-tax payer, which doesn’t make him cheerful and cooperative. It must not be forgotten that the valuation of real property for taxation, based on prices of the year 1918, when the latest census was taken, shows we are far from being an opulent country: it was less than half of real property valuation in a single city, Detroit, in the United States—it was the value of the submarginal fields and nipa huts of 10 million producers. For immediate relief the only way is to lower taxes to the taxpayer’s power to pay. Because this has not been done, generally, we see the world writhing in debt and repudiations. The base should be the yearly value of the produce. The class of the land, productivity already computed, and the sale of land at the market price, which always indicates the product price, appear in offices of registers of deeds. The average of these 3 factors is not hard to find. This amount would be the assessment for a particular year, not for 5 years. It amounts to a simple sum in arithmetic, worked out by the provincial board, a per centage based on actual yearly values. There would be no need of juggling figures, reassess ments, or voluminous reports; nor does there seem to be anything revolutionary in the idea. Mr. Hill’s remarks were in response to our request for liis opinion on the feasibility of basing land taxes on the average yield of land during 5 years. England has sueh a system, a fact ascertained after the Journal's study of the situation here was made. It was thought possible that the average yield of land, urban or su burban, without regard to net yield, of course, might be tithed: and that in thia way the government's income from land taxes would rise and fall equitably with the annual yields of the land: average yields ascertained every 5 years should, Mr. Hill thinks, give place to yields ascertained each year.—Ed. December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 No Business Can Escape Change (From “Nation’s Business’’) Use of synthetic resins as glues for the plywood industry is made commercially practical by a new emulsion of phenolic resin in water. The new glue is said to be stronger than the wood itself under moisture or heat, to be unaffected by bacteria, to make possible use of compound lumber in out door construction. . . . Pre-cast concrete joists are now being made for use in cons'rrffction’of fire-safe floors for residences, apartments, etc. . . . Metal locks built into a new insulating lath make the lath’s shiplap joints self-locking, self-reinforcing. Locks are 16 inches apart, so spaced to support the lath between the stud ding. . . . Building paper surfaced with thin sheet copper (one ounce to the square foot) is now available. Offered in rolls ten inches wide, it’s designed particularly for flashing window, door openings. . . . Poncho-like raincoats made of paper are on the marketThey are said to be capable of resisting rain for 12 hours, are thrown away after once being used. . . . Coated and enamel paper in distinctive scents is offered manufacturers and others for use in catalogs, etc. Use of leather-like scents is suggested for shoe manufacturers’ ca talogs, flower-like scents for florists’ catalogs, and so on. . . . In a handy show-card making system gummed letters are laid out on a card as desired, then, by a simple process, the card’s moistened and letters are attached without disturbing their position. . . . Adhesive paper clips, made of paper or linen and dispensed and moistened by a novel holder, are now available. . . . A new typewriter attachment intro duces inked ribbons between sheets, mak ing one to four copies without carbon paper. Clean-cut, non-smudging impres sions are said to be produced. . . . New non-skid attachments for the bases of desk and French telephones simplify dialing by holding the instruments firmly in place. . . . A non-skid writing base is furnished by a new desk pad, made of a flexible, rubber base composition. It’s said to be unharm ed by burning cigarettes or ink. A damp cloth removes the latter. . . . A new cigarette lighter strikes like an or dinary match, requires only an occasional drop of lighter fluid. Described as simple, durable, it’s offered as an advertising specialty. . . . Made of stainless steel, a new flexible, single-row ice-cube tray for mechanical refrigerators is on the market. A simple flexing of the tray frees the cubes. . . . Ensemble furniture, long available for other rooms of the home, can now be had for the bathroom. Cupboards, ham pers, dressing tables in various styles and combinations make up the line. . . . Floor lamps which keep the slack out of their light A new clear parchment paper, said to be washable, nonspotting, non clouding, is used in this big shade NOVELTY has a perennial appeal to the buy ing public. A new design, a new package has helped many an old product to main tain its place in the sales picture cords are being offered. Concealed automatic cord reels are built in under the base. . . . Housewives need no longer cut and stitch cloth strips for rugmaking. Crochet strips of new materials in a variety of shades, cut to correct width and sewed, arc now offered commercially. . . . Shoe whitening, blackening is simplified by dressings con tained in a new bottle closed with screw cap and permanently attached fabric pad. The moist, padded bottle top is rubbed on the .shoe. . . . A new striping tool for painting automobile bodies, etc., carries its paint in an aluminum cup, has a guide which, it. is said, can be adjusted to take any type of molding or flat surface. ... Retreading of threadbare tires, particularly those of commer cial vehicles, is said to be growing. A rubber band is vul canized upon the smoothworn tread, adding new miles to old tires. . . . Farm work promises to be speeded up. High-speed, air tired tractors have been developed and, for use with them, high-speed plows with specially designed moldboards. . . . A new smaller air-tired grain harvester and thresher has also been developed. It fits the average two-plow size tractor, operates at five m. p. h., cuts a five-foot swath, is said to handle 30 acres of wheat, soy beans, etc., in a ten-hour day. . . . Rubber rub-strakes for watercraft, land ing floats and docks are now available. The new guards are said to be unaffected by sun or brine, are offered in a variety of shapes, colors. . . . A new, mechanical abrasive cleaning ma chine, said to be more efficient and eco nomical in operation than sand or shot blasting, has been devised. The abrasive is ejected from a revolving wheel. . . . A new, rapid process for hardening lowcarbon steel, malleable or cast iron is said to produce an extremely hard, ductile sur face, sufficiently deep to resist unusual wear and abrasion. . . . Offensive odors are trapped by a new odor filter of simple construction, applic able to industrial systems. Plants em ploying odor-creating processes may use it to prevent air pollution. . . —Paul H. Hayward Editor’s Note—Material for this page is gathered from the many sources to which Nation’s Business has access and from the flow of business information into our offices in Washing ton. Further information on any of these items can be had by writing to Nation’s Business. 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 Philippines Productive Gold Mines Their number grows, prospecting and filing of claims speeds at gold-rush pace ... but— The data in the table accompanying this comment cover 10 months’ gold bullion exports from the Philippines to the United States in 1932 and 1933 respectively, January to October inclusive. They indicate that this year’s output of gold in the Philippines is not .’exceeding last year’s, and are therefore somewhat surprising even in editorial offices; but they are official customshouse data, compiled reports of all shipments. .The statute value of gold is taken, S‘20.67 an ounce, and the bullion value based on this is determined from the assays. If you cipher the data for this year, you will find that the average value per ounce of gold bullion exported from the islands is P22.73; it is about half the statute or standard value of refined gold, and the bullion is refined in the United States, never in the Philippines. Philippine gold bullion as prepared for export to the United States runs quite consistent values: 1*23.44 an ounce in July, P22.82 in August, 1*22.94 in September, 1*22.07 in October. But though this year’s out put is not exceeding last year's (up to the end of October), the bulk of the output has been sold since that day late in October when President Roosevelt authorized purchase of new gold at or above the world price, so this year’s returns in dollars will run far above last year’s, perhaps 35% or 40% above. The bulk of the bullion continues to come from the twin bonanza properties, Benguet Con solidated and Balatoc. Up to the end of October, Benguet Consolidated had shipped 103,077.80 ounces of gold bullion to the United States, valued at 1*3,889,770.78; and Balatoc had shipped 187,904.85 ounces, valued at 1*4,180,311.12; so the total of 10 months’ shipments from the two mines was 350,981.05 ounces, valued at 1*8,070,081.90. Judge John W. Haussermann, pres ident of the two companies, kindly furnishes the Bcnguet-Balatoc figures. If all shipments up to the end of October had been reported and in cluded in the customs report for that month, this would leave only 2,824 ounces of gold bullion as the combined output during 10 months of all other mines in the islands. But as not only Benguet-Balatoc’s output of bullion has increased this year, but that of other mines too, it is assumed that shipments were made in October that will only be taken up in later customs reports. Mining men are one in say ing our output of gold is increasing, and the year’s complete figures may well verify their opinion. Nevertheless, the situation even as finally verified does show there has been much more smoke than fire in all the gold furor. This journal be lieves, and has therefore said, that many successful gold mines will even tually be developed in the Philippines. But the way to this, when you compare outputs with the stock market, surely involves many a hard experience. Here are the mines that have mills, and the capacity of the mills in tons of ore daily: Benguet Consolidated, now running 550 tons a day, expects to run 600 tons a day by January 15. Balatoc, now running 450 tons a day, expects to be running 600 tons a day by the end of h’ebruary, 900 toqs a day by the end of April. Itogon, 200 tons a day. Baguio Gold, 150 tons a day. Antamok, 200 tons a day. Benguet Exploration, 50 tons a day. Big Wedge, 30 tons a day. Paniqui Mines (at Aroroy, Masbate), 300 tons a day. Southern Cross, 20 tons a day. The IXL mine in the Aroroy district is also producing steadily, with a small mill. Here are 10 mills in actual operation, practically 5 new ones during the year— a first rate showing, especially notable from the fact that capital ventured is nearly all local capital. INDEX 1. Baguio Gold Mining Co. 2. Gold River3* Inka Group 4. Big Wedge Mining Co. 5. Benguet Consolidated Mining Co. 6. Kellv Group 7. Gomok Mining Co. 8. *--------' '• ’ 9...........— .......... .. ....----------10. Ukab Mining Co. 11. Gold Creek Mining Association 12. Benguet Exploration Syndicate 14. H. P. Whltmarah I 5. Demonstration Group 16. Benguet Goldfield 1 7. Gold Hill Mining Co. 18. Balatoc Mining Co. >9. Irogon Mining Co. 20. Eureka Mining Co. '•’ABUHA-Y subsing claims R,N0 CLAIMS MIDAS 25 BAGUIO AIR PORT U,print'd from the BAGUIO BULLETIN 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 wmvk Mining Co* Antamok Gold Field. Inc. Narba Mining Anociation BAGUIO ~~ HYDRO- NO •VGOLD RIVER Mabuhav Mt. Goldfields El Dorado Southern Cross Midas Claims George Cushing Claims Placer Mining Co. P. I. Gold Bullion Exports 10 Months 1932 and 1933 Month 1932 1933 Ounces | Value Ounces Value Jan. to June......... 204,136 P4,616,777 213,533 1*4,824,369 July. 35,855 825,629 34,173 801,230 August................... 38,192 892,254 39,527 902,056 Sept....... 40,087 893,290 34,874 800,501 October................... 38,089 896,474 31,399 712,710 10 months............. 356,359 P8,124,414 353,506 P8,040,866 Customs Data. December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 NEW LIFE POLICY FEATURES J. McMicking, Manager of the Insular Life Assurance Company, announces that the Insular Life offers to the public a new life insurance policy known as the Insular Life Retirement Plan. This new policy, according to Mr. Mc Micking, has been developed in response to a demand for a plan that combines the regular provisions of life insurance with a guaranteed monthly inconjp. A novel feature of the new policy is the form in which the contract is printed. It will be an attractive booklet of 6-1/2" by 8-1/2", a radical ^-departure, from the usual large sized insurance contract. The new size and form have been developed to permit greater convenience in handling the contract and to make it easier for the policyholder to understand his policy. The provisions of the policy are set forth in numerical order thus affording great ease in reviewing the contents. These features rep resent an entirely new venture in policy contract forms. Edmund W. Schedler of the Insular Life is responsible for the new policy form, which is copyrighted by the Insular Life Assurance Company. The actuarial work was done by Dr. E. Roa. The Retirement Plan definitely provides for the three major periods of a man’s life—(1) in youth it compels regular savings and teaches thrift; (2) in middle age it protects the family; and (3) in old age guarantees financial inde pendence through a regular monthly income. Some of the features of the new Retirement Plan are: for life beginning at may be guaranteed for he insured desires, rvive the expiration of payments will continue completed. insured desires in cash setthc monthly payments, the value of the policy and all During the life of the policy, dividends will be paid to the insured every five years. If the demise of the insured occurs before the age of 60, the face value of the policy will be paid to the beneficiary. This settlement may be made in annual payments over a long period of years, if desired, thus providing a guaranteed regular income to the family of the insured. Another attractive feature of the policy pro vides that after the policy has been in force for a certain number of years, the cash value exceeds the face value and in case of a death claim the beneficiary receives the larger value of the policy. Officials of the Insular Life believe that this Retirement Plan will be very popular as it definitely provides for the old age period when a large percentage of men are penniless. THE EDWARD J. NELL CO. MACHINERY ENGINEERING CABLE ADDRESS “NELED” MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES Western Union 5-Letter General Telegraph Code Bentley’s Code Lieber’s 5-Letter MANILA 680 Dasmarinas P. O. Box 1640 PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By Kenneth B. Day and Leo Schnurmacher The local market remained depressed throughout the month because of continued heavy arrivals. Copra: November production of copra showed a normal decrease from the previous months but was considerably higher than had been expected notwithstanding reports from the provinces indicated that the rice harvest was larger than anticipated and that consequently less labor was available for the making of copra. On November 1st quotations were from P4.50 to 1*4.60 per 100 kilos for copra Resecada. The market strengthened around the 15th of the month because of better results in export shipments but eased of later in the month and closed at 1*4.50 with the market quiet. Arrivals in Manila during November totalled 400,041 sacks, a decrease of 36% from October but an increase of 37% over November of last year, while receipts in Cebu totalled 329,429 sacks, practically identical with October receipts but 37% over November, 1932. There was one typhoon which did considerable damage in the Southern Visayas. Otherwise, weather was generally good throughout the Islands. The Pacific Coast market at the opening of the month was firm at 1.50 and quotations were made up to 1.52-1/2 cents. .-Vs a result of the lower' values of oil, this market dropped later and no more than 1.40 was quoted by the end of November. The European market was fairly steady around £8/10.-. Quotations up to £8/15/- were received and towards the end of the month the price dropped to £8/2/6. Heavy fluctuations in exchange, however, made more difference in the net result to Philippine dealers than variations in quota tions and considerable quantities of copra were sold to Europe, at better prices than either local mills or the Pacific Coast would pay. Sterling exchange, however, was the deciding factor on these sales rather than the European quotations. Shipments of copra during November totalled 29,000 tons of which 15,500 tons were shipped from Cebu. 11,000 went to the Pacific Coast and the same amount to Europe. 4,500 tons were shipped to Gulf Ports NEW 1934 Models •PILOT Radios Long and Short Wave 14 to 555 Meters Ask for free demonstration Sole Agents Jose Oliver Successors Co. 317 CARRIEDO MANILA and ILOILO The oldest and largest Music House in the Philippines of the United States. Copra stocks on hand were 84,000 tons, the same figure on November 30th as that of October 31st, nearly two and one half times the stocks on November 30, 1932. Coconut Oil: On November first the New York market was steady with offers at 2-7/8 cents for 1934 shipment, at which figure the market remained throughout the month. The Pacific Coast market was likewise quiet with no change in quotations. Shipments for the month were 17,000 tons of which nearly 14,000 tons went to the Atlantic Coast and 2,000 tons to Gulf Ports. All mills but one were in operation throughout the month. Copra Cake: November opened with this market dead. After a lull of some duration, business was resumed and good sized quantities were sold at very low prices, however, of 1*14.00 to P14.25 per thousand kilos, ex-warehouse Manila. Shipments of copra cake and meal amounted to nearly 12,000 tons, of which 10,000 tons was shipped to Europe?°and tfie balance to the Pacific Coast. Desiccated Coconut: The market during November was quiet with little change. Shipments during November kept up well, amounting to 2,000 metric tons. Milling was fair throughout the month. General: The expected decreased arrivals have not yet materialized and there seems to be no hope for better prices as long as arrivals continue in the present volume. The European market absorbed a considerable quantity of the November production on account of favorable exchange and it appears that this same condition will rule during December. 53 tflerrp CIjrtetmatf anb 9 J^appp Jfteto gear CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA <$.<§> Current Accounts in Pesos & Savings Accounts and Time Deposits can be opened in Pesos as well as in Foreign currencies. You are assured of service, safety and satisfaction. Further information will be gladly furnished on application. EDGEWORTH TOBACCO A PIPE FILLED WITH “EDGEWORTH” SATISFIES For Sale By Tobacco Shops and Post Exchanges ATKINS, KROLL & CO. DISTRIBUTORS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December. 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 LUMBER REVIEW By ARTHUR F. FISCHER Director of Forestry 1 The Philippine lum ber and timber export trade for September con tinued very active. Ex port prices, while still about 20% below the levels of 1929, were slightly better than a few months ago. There were 9,537,456 board feet shipped during the month under review as compared with 3,371,64S board feet for September of last year. The main bulk of the shipments went to the United States and Japan. As usual, the exports to the latter country consisted mostly of logs. Despite the recent tariff increase in Japan on Philippine woods, the volume of the timber trade with that country was well maintained. Total shipments to Japan during the month under review was 52% higher than in the pre ceding month, while as compared with September of last year it represented an increase of 103%>. The increased demand in that country was due chiefly to an appreciation of the yen in terms of the dollar. Also, shipments to the United States during September were more active than in the previous month. Although reports are to the effect that buyers in that country arc at this time not buying more than their immediate requirements, importers seem to be active in placing orders in the Philippines in anticipation of the allocation of quota for the islands, under the Lumber Code, which is now momentarily expected to be put into effect. Likewise, in creased consumption of Philippine timber in other principal markets, viz.; China, Great Britain and British Africa, were also registered during the month under review, which is a reflection of the improvements of business con ditions in those countries. Because of greater demands in foreign markets as shown above, practically all the mills that had shut down on account of the economic depression have now resumed operations. Quite a number of the large mills are working double shifts. The total lumber production for September under review was 14,101,120 hoard feet as against 9,337,108 board feet for the same time last year, or an increase of 51%. The Manila market continued quiet. This, however, is the time of the year when slacked demand is usually expected on account of the rainy season. Local prices for sawn lumber remained practically the same as last June, but with tendency to rise slightly. For unsawn timber, however, there were noted slight, de clines on prices for Ipil, Acle and Narra from those prevailing at the end of the second quarter of this year. The average retail prices, as quoted by various lumber dealers in Manila, as of September 30, 1933, are given below: Sawn Lumber Un.awn Timber j Price per Price per Species 1,000 B<1. Species Cu. M. !Ft. in pesos in pesos Red Lauan .! 50-55 Akle............. P30.00 Tanguile. . . j 55-60 Ipil............... 36.00 White Lauan 40-45 Yacal........... 30.00 Apitong....... 50 (ruijo.......... 22 00 Lumbayao. . 75 Narra........... 4.3 00 Palosapis . . 45 The following statements show the lumber and timber export: by countries, and mill pro duction and lumber inventory for the month of September, 1933, as compared with the cor responding month the previous year. Lumber and Timber Exports for September Destination Board Feet 1933 CustomsDeclarctl Value Japan.......................... . . . *5,659,128 1‘ 90,598 172,887 United States............ . . . 2,939,592 Great Britain............ 488,024 38,848 British Africa............ 203,096 16,198 China.......................... . . 171,296 8,246 Hongkong................... 25,864 1,483 Hawaii. . . 15,264 2,283 Belgium...................... 12,720 1,105 Portuguese Africa.. 12,296 933 Germany.................... 7,208 666 Netherlands 2,968 345 Canada....................... Tota i.................. . . 9,537,456 1*333,592 1933 Destination Board Feet. CustomsDeclared Value Japan.......................... . . . 2,780,592 P 47,023 United States............ 290,016 16,503 Great Britain............ 110,664 8,934 British Africa............ 16,112 1,662 China. . -................... 112,784 4,463 Hongkong................... — — Hawaii........................ — — Belgium...................... — — Port uguese Africa.. . . 30,528 1,670 \ot hor]n id Canada....................... 30,952 1,820 Totai.................. ... 3,371,648 P 82,075 Note: *This represents mostly solid log scale, that is, 424 board feet to a cubic meter. OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99 8% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for ' all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld inc Shops Mi WWli ^BATTERIES 1/ Prest-O-Lite ' i • Electric Stor age Batteries Philippine Acetylene Co. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO MANILA, P. I. For 46 Mills for the month of September Lumber Deliveries from Mills Month 1933 1932 September 16,700,526 10,389,537 Lumber Inventory Month 1933 1932 September 23,497,521 25,659,614 Mill Production Month 1933 1932 September 14,101,120 9,337,108 Note: Board feet should be used. —From Judge. Fatty. They say my type is coming back. Spatty. So are old bicycles. GORDON TyD V The heart of a good LrliM cocktail KING WILLIAM’S Scotch Whisky for Good Highballs Kuenzle & Streiff SOLE AGENTS Main Office: Branch Office: 343 T. Plnpln 44-48 Isaac Peral Tel. 2-39-36 Tel. 2-17-62 Branches: Cebu, Iloilo and Zamboanga Also distributors for Alhambra Cigars IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 TRADEMARKS REGISTERED For the month of August, 1933 Reg. No. 11453. Trademark consisting of the word “EBCO” with a design, for cigarette papers, registered on August 30, 1933, by Soci6t6 Anonyme L’Industrielle Fran^aises des I’apiers a Cigarette, of Paris, France. CHARTERED BANK OF inadJad chuintaral,a Capital and Reserve Fund........................................£6,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietors.. . ...................... 3,000,000 MANILA BRANCH ESTABLISHED 1872 SUB-BRANCHES AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States. French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. C. E. Stewart. Manager, Manila A. L. Ammen Transportation Co., Inc. Pioneer Bus Transportation Company of the Philippines ESTABLISHED 1911 Operating 160 busses to every point in the Bicol Region Provinces of Camarines Norte Camarines Sur Albay and Sorsogon Main office: Iriga, Camarines Sur—Manila office: 324 Kneedler Bldg. Reg. No. 11454. Trademark consisting of the words “LA PATRIA” with a design, for chewing tobacco, registered on August 31, 1933, by Dy Chiao & Co. (Tiak Guan Kian Ki), of Naga, Camarines Sur, P. I. Reg. No. 11455. Trademark consisting of the word “TAXI” with a design, for pomade, registered on August 31, 1933, by Estrella B. de Yam, of Manila, P. I. (To be continued) TO RESCUE BUNTAL HAT INDUSTRY Effective organization in the production end of the buntal hat industry is needed to rescue the buntal hat industry, Assistant Director Cornelio Balmaceda, of commerce, declared at the public meeting held in Lucban, Tayabas’ under the auspices of Lucban Youngsters, Association. “The buntal hat industry in Lucban is today in a very precarious condition, It has been laid low and hit rather severely by the tremen dous fall in the prices of hats during the last few years. The prices of hats in Lucban have dropped by nearly 80 per cent. T^e po6?et=> hats which used to sell for P3 each now sell for only P.50 or P.70. A “terno” of extra quality, with eight hats to the terno, which sold for from P50 to P100 in 1929 is now bring ing to the weaver only P24 to P40. “But the industry keeps on, its old momen tum, which hard times can not hold still, is keeping it going. People make hats in Luc ban almost as a matter of tradition. As soon as a young girl reaches the age of seven, she is taught to weave hats, and as she grows up and stays in her home, between her usual home duties, between her school work, flower tending, or piano lessons, as the case may be, she keeps her nimble finger busy weaving hats. “It is this tradition among the women hat weavers in Lucban which gives permanent life to the industry. That is why it can stand even the severest shafts of hard times. “But this situation, at the same time is its own weakness. There is very little start made so far in Lucban to organize the indus try. It is still entirely unorganized. It is a case of every weaver for herself. The slightest sign of codjieration or organization among them is lacking. As a result, the producers are helpless when it comes to legitimate com mercial bargaining. “There is need for some form of organization in the production end of the buntal hat industry. One manufacturers’ or weavers’ association for the entire town is impracticable, because there are not less than 8,090 weavers there. But they can be organized into groups of at least a few hundred weavers in each group. Then each group can send its representative to a general conference board of all the weavers that may meet from time to time, and thus they will be able to act together and be united in any thing that they should do for their com mon interest and protection.’’ Philippine Refining Company --------------------------INCORPORATED-------------------------Purchasers of Copra Producers of Coconut Oil, Copra Cake and Copra Meal We Solicit Direct Shipments of Copra from Producers and Provincial Merchants Manila ] [ Opon 1035 Isaac Peral )------------------------Mills at--------------- , Tel. 5-69-51 J [Cebu PHILIPPINE GOLD STOCKS NovKMnrn 29, 1933 Sellers t Mg. Ambassador Co.............. Antamok .... Atok Gold... Atok Central. Baguio Gold. Balatoc.......... Benguet lidated................... Benguet Explora tion........................ Benguet Goldfields.. Big Wedge............... Equitable ExploraFortuna..................... Gold Creek.............. Gold River............... Gold Coin................ Itogon........................ National Gold' Mg‘. Co........................... Placer........................ ^Southern Cross........ Pu.voc Mining.......... Samboanga............... Zadcal....................... Bont.oc Exploration. Suyoc Consolidated . Madavmon Mg. Ex. Co........................... Mabuhay.................. States Group........... Ruu .OS .58 . 12 .36 23.25 Conso,.......... 28.00 .23 .29 ,00 27.00 4.50 . 10> .85 23 Sale 12 y2 37 50 50 .24 125.00 1.15 .08 . 12J4 .36^ .24 • 28 1.15 28.00 .55 • lOJ-a IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 SANTA ANA CABARET where all good people meet Dine and Dance to the Best Music in the Orient Special Spaghetti Dinners IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 Interesting Incident of Dewey’s Victory Capt. A. IK. Robbins, a native of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia (and whose son and daughter still live in that vicinity), was formerly Master of the British Ship Buccleuch, which was in Manila bay from April 30 to May 2, 1898. He was able on this occasion to render a certain service to Admiral Dewey, in commemoration of which the Navy Department of the United States afterwards presented him with a Chrono meter bearing the following inscription: “To A. W. Robbins, Esq., Master of the British Ship Buccleuch. In recognition of the Service rendered by him on May 1st, 1898, after the Battle of Manila Bay In communication with the Spanish Governor-General at Manila at the request of Admiral Dewey, Commander-in-Chief of the U. S. Naval Forces On the Asiatic Station.” A full account of the circumstances which led to this presentation is contained in the report of Capt. Robbins to his owners, dated at Liver pool, November 18, 1898, and which is here quoted verbatim: Report of Capt. Robbins “We finished loading at the port of Manila on the 30th April, 1S98, getting all settled up, ordering Pilot and Towboat in readiness to proceed to sea. “Next morning, May 1st, 1898, at 4 a. m., we mustered the crew to heave short to be in readiness for towboat, which we expected at daylight. Instead of the arrival of the towboat we were surprised by the arrival of the American fleet of warships, which passed immediately outside our ship. All our operations were now suspended, and our interest transferred to the movements of the American fleet. “As soon as it became sufficiently light the American fleet steamed, the Flag Ship ahead, in towards Kivita (Cavite) harbour where the Spanish fleet lay. “As the fleet approached Kivita, the Spaniards opened fire on tne Flag Ship from tne fort, about three shots being fired before the Amer icans returned fire. Ap the latter passed the fort, they kept firing both at the fort and the Spanish fleet each ship firing in turn as she came within range. The firing being well returned from the Spanish fort and ships. “The American ships steamed into the bay and turned on their port helm, each following the Flag Ship, and each keeping up constant fire. “We could see the shots striking many of the Spanish ships, and also striking right into the fort, and we could not help but notice that the Americans had much better marksmen than the Spaniards. After this the American Ships came out into the bay and moored just outside my ship, remaining there from one to two hours. We then saw that the Spanish ships had been riddled with shot and shell, and many of them were burning and sinking. “At this period, a large gun, which was placed on the breakwater at tne entrance to the rivers leading to Manila, was kept firing upon the American ships lying at anchor in the Bay, and all the shots from that gun passed over the ship ping at anchor in the Bay, our ships being in such a position that every shot fired passed over us. One could distinctly hear the shots whizzing through the air overhead. This was exceedingly dangerous as had any of the shells burst over any ship, it would doubtless have caused much damage. “After lying at anchor for about two hours, the American fleet again got under weigh and steamed down the bay passing under the fort at Kivita and up into the bay again. Each ship as she came within range of the Spanish fort and ships kept up a sharp fire, going in and out as on the first occasion. After this last maneuver, the Spanish fleet was totally defeated and destroyed and the forts effectually silenced. “The fighting now being over, one of the American ships came close under our stern, and Mr. Williams, the American consul, together with the lieutenant of the ship came on board our vessel. I had made the acquaintance of the American consul whilst loading my vessel at Manila, before war was declared. “Mr. Williams informed me that he wished a despatch sent to the British consul at Manila, and knew of no better way of sending it than by the master of a British ship. He asked me if 1 would take it, and I replied that by leav ing my ship, I considered I would be running personal risk and also jeopardizing the interests and property of my owners. However, after consideration, I consented to undertake and deliver the despatch. I then manned a boat placing the British ensign at the bow and pro ceeded towards the harbour. “In passing one of the ships in the harbor, I saw a friend of mine whom I had met in Manila and to whom I explained my mission. This gentleman offered me his services which I readily accepted as he was well acquainted with the city and also the Spanish language. We landed at the mouth of the river and found that the quays were thronged with people, but, however, none spoke to us. We then tried to obtain a convey ance as the weather was hot, but we could not do so and had tp walk a distance of about two miles to my friend’s factory where he said he had a conveyance and would place it at my disposal. “On obtaining my friend’s conveyance, we drove to the British consul’s office but on arrival there were informed that he had left for his private residence. We then decided to take one of the consul’s representatives with us as guide, and to drive to the consul’s residence, which we accordingly did. On our arrival, I met the consul and handed him the dispatches in my possession. He then asked me if I was aware of the contents of the dispatches to which I replied in the negative, but that I understood he was desired to go to the governor-general and offer terms of surrender. He said he would do this at once and requested a friend of his who was present to drive me to the English club, and asked me to wait there until he re turned. “I was accordingly driven to the club and left there alone, my friend returning with the car riage. “As it became dusk, the gentlemen members of the club kept leaving for their homes and advised me to return to the quay and get on board my ship, as they did not consider it safe for me to be on shore after dark. I informed one of the members that I had an appointment at the club, and also that I had no carriage to carry me back to the quay. This gentleman offered to get me one and very kindly made arrangements with one of his friends to let me have the use of his carriage and the coachman was accordingly instructed to wait at my dis posal. “I considered this very kind of them and felt very grateful to receive such attention in my difficult position. “About 9 p. m. the British consul returned, accompanied by the vice consul, and they proceeded to a private room and wrote their reply. The dispatch being written, it was handed to me and the consul advised me that if 1 found any difficulty in returning to the quay, I had better return and stay overnight with the vice consul. I, however, reminded them of my boat’s crew waiting for me and decided to start at once for the quay. “I was stopped twice on the way, but ex plained that I was an English shipmaster, and going aboard my ship, which explanation satisfied theqn and I was allowed to proceed. “At this time it was very dark, there were no lights in the city, and the streets were lined with soldiers through whom I had to pass. However, I met with no further interference, and in due time arrived at the quay. I found one of my boats’ crew drunk and was informed that he had been quarreling with the soldiers, 1 got two of my men to take him into the boat and had him tied down to prevent any further disturbance with the soldiers. “I then proceeded to my ship and on arrival there I handed the dispatch to the American consul, who thanked me very kindly for my services and said that I would very probably hear about the matter again. “I was very glad to get aboard my ship, and feel that I was relieved of all further respon sibility. “On Monday, the 2nd, (May), the British consul and vice consul, who had been aboard the American flag ship came ^board my ship and informed me that if I wished to put to sea the American admiral would permit me to do so. He also informed me that he did not think there were any torpedoes laid at cth^, entrance, as the American ships bad come through without touching anything. I at once began to get under weigh and at 12 o’clock that night passed Corrigulor all well and very thankful to get away from Manila. “I omitted to mention that while I was ashore at the British consul, I mentioned the fact that a gun placed on the breakwater was firing over the ships lying at anchor in the bay and I protested in the names of all the British shipmasters in the port, and asked the consul to have it stopped. He promised to speak to the governor-general, which he doubtless did, as I experienced no further firing in the same direction.” (Sgd.) A. W. Robbins Master British Ship Buccleuch The above account was printed in the Yarmouth Herald, issue of October 24, 1933: and is here reproduced, in a slightly rearranged form, from a copy of the original sent to Professor H. Otlcy Beyer by Dr. Maurice A. Roc, U. S. Public Health Officer at Yarmouth (Nova Scotia), who was formerly stationed in Manila. Dewey's report to the Navy Department on May 4th, 1898, does not mention the above incident; but in his Autobiography (New York, 1913; pp. 223-225) he says: "Consul Williams was sent on board a Bri tish ship moored close inshore near the mouth of the Pasig River, with instructions to request her captain to be the bearer of a message to the Spanish captain-general. This message was taken ashore at 2 P. M., in the form of a note to the British consul, Mr. E. H. RawsonWalker, who, afterthe departure of Mr. Williams, had assumed charge of our archives and in terests, requesting him to see the captain general, ana to say to him, on my behalf, that if another shot were fired at our ships from the Manila batteries we should destroy the city. Moreover, if there were any torpedo-boats in the Pasig River they must be surrendered, and if we were allowed to transmit messages by the cable to Hong Kong the captain-general would also be permitted to use it. “Assurance came promptly that the forts would not fire at our squadron unless it was evident that a disposition of our ships to bom bard the city was being made. This assurance, which was kept even during the land attack upon the city, some three months later, led me to drop anchor for the first time since we had entered the bay. From the moment that the captain-general accepted my terms the city was virtually surrendered, and I was in control of the situation, subject to my government’s orders for the future. I had established a base seven thousand miles from home which I might occupy indefinitely. As I informed the secretary of the navy in my cable of May 4, our squadron controlled the bay and could take tne city at any time. The only reason for awaiting the arrival of troops before demand ing its surrender was the lack of sufficient force to occupy it. “In answer to the other points of my message, the captain-general, Don Basilio Augustin Davila, said that he knew of no torpedo-boats in the river. ♦ * * He refused my request about the cable. As a result he found himself cut off from all telegraphic communication with the outside world on the next morning, because I directed the Zafiro to cut the cable.” (Beyer). From a copy furnished by H. O. Beyer. December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 Complete Line of Plumbing Supplies At Lowest Prices Kohler Plumbing Fixtures in white and colors. National and Richards tiles for walls and floors. Pipes and Fittings, Brass and Rubber goods, etc. UNITED PLUMBING CO., INC. ESTABLISHED 1912 The Largest Plumbing Supply House in the Philippine Islands Office and Showrooms 666-676 Juan Luna Manila NOVEMBER SUGAR REVIEW By Geo. H. Fairchild New York Market: The improvement in the market in the latter part of the previous month, attributed to the reported revival of the proposed market ing agreement and cur rency inflation plans in Washington, was main tained during the early part of the month under review. Prices for actual sugar remained on the basis of 1.30 cents c. and f. for Cubas, although in the latter part of the second week, these declined to 1.25 cents, at which there were no buyers. Moreover, as a result of buyers’ shyness coupled with seller’s continued withholding of sugar, there was no appreciable business transacted during the week. On the 10th, the price of refined (cane) sugar was reduced from 4.60 cents to 4.50 cents per lb., following the reduction on the 9th in the price of beet sugar from 4.40 cents to 4.30 cents. On the 11th, an estimate of the U. S. beet crop was placed by Meinrath at 1,432,000 tons, representing an increase of 27,000 tons over a previous estimate published on October 9th. IAI1IAMI & < < .. INC. IMPORTERS & DEALERS OF XMAS DECORATIONS & TOYS SILK & COTTON GOODS TOILET GOODS GROCERIES PORCELAIN GLASS & ENAMEL WARES JAPANESE BEER “KIRIN” OTHER VARIOUS JAPANESE & AMERICAN GOODS <§> <§> <©> <g> $ t t <$> During the following week, quotations on the Exchange suffered a loss, and, on the 15th, were from 15 to 20 points below the level at the close on the Sth, as a result of the apparent failure of the U. S. Government’s efforts to increase commodity prices. Likewise, the price of Cuban sugar had declined from 1.30 cents to 1.15 cents c. and f. On the following day, however, the market became steadier as buying was resumed by speculators, causing holders to ask for an advance in prices. Quotations on the Ex change gained from 8 to 9 points on this day, only to lose again from 4 to 7 points at the close of the week on the 18th. A MERRY CHRISTMAS & A HAPPY NEW YEAR from TAKAHASHI & ( ( .. INC. 753 Tabora Tels. 4-96-18—4-96-19 MANILA P. O. Box 220 t <§> i i i Quotations on the Exchange opened on the 20th from 2 to 7 points below the level of the previous week, and this condition persisted almost throughout the week, until the 25th when advances ranging from 7 to 12 points were reg istered over opening quotations. Small sales of Cuban sugar were made during the week at 3.15 cents duty paid, and of Philippine sugar for prompt shipment and for future deliveries at 3.15 cents and 3.17 cents to 3.18 cents respect ively. The market continued steady during the last week, “futures” quotations remaining quite stationary, with slight declines on the 29th. A considerable quantity of Philippine sugar had changed hands, practically all of which was for shipment during December and January, at unchanged prices. The market closed with a weak undertone influenced by signs of increased pressure to sell. Recommended by Leading Doctors Futures: Quotations for future deliveries on the Exchange fluctuated during the month as follows: Drink It for Your Health’s Sake December................. January..................... March....................... May........................... July........................... September................. High Low Latest 1.33 1.09 1.15 1.32 1.12 1.18 1.38 1.18 1.23 1.43 1.24 1.30 1.49 1.30 1.35 1.53 1.35 1.40 TEL 5-73-06 Nature’s Best Mineral Water Stocks: Stocks in the United Kingdom, Unit1 ed States, Cuba, Java and European statistica countries as reported on November 30th were 6,516,000 tons as compared with 6,988,000 tons a year ago and 6,752,000 tons in 1931. It is interesting to note that in spite of the reduction in the world's stocks, the U. S. statis tical position is against the market, as the 1933IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 JL934 crops in continental United States and. insular possessions are larger than 1932-1933. Philippine Sales: Sales and resales of Phil ippine centrifugal sugar were reported in New York during tne month as follows: Long Tons Cents per Lb. From To Sales................ 71,000 3.14 3.18 Resales............ 15,000 3.15 3.18 86,000 Local Market: The exporters’ nominal quotations during the first week, ended on the 10th, ranged between 1*7.50 to P7.60 per picul but in sympathy with the inactivity in the New York market, very little business was done locally. The downward trend of prices in the United States caused local prices to decline to P7.10 per picul in the second week. Although transactions in the local market increased during the third week, exporting houses adopted an attitude of reluctance as buyers. In the follow ing week, sugar exporters increased their quota tions from 1*7.15 to P7.20 per picul, at which small parcels changed hands. Offerings of large parcels were scarce, however, as a large part of the estimated production up to the end of De cember had already been contracted. Crop Prospects: The following progress report convering the production of 25 centrals up to November 27th shows that hut 16 per cent of the estimated production for 1933-1934 crop has been manufactured. PRODUCTION OF CENTRALS UP TO NOVEMBER 27, 1933 Centrals Piculs Metric Tons To Sugar per n Cane Arayat............................... 1,675 1.56 Bacolod-Murcia............... .... 13,960 1.62 Bamban............................ 8,222 1.70 Bearin............................... 2,806 1.44 Binalbagan....................... . . . . 16,001 1.72 Calatagan......................... 651 1.36 Cebu................................. 1,398 1.56 Del Carmen..................... 9,370 1.88 Don Pedro....................... 8,727 1.51 Hawaiian-Philippine........ .. . . 18,645 1.64 Isabela.............................. 5,780 1.50 Janiuay............................. 2,883 1.70 La Cariota....................... .... 16,182 1.76 Ma-ao............................... . . .. 14,921 1.75 Manapla........................... . . . . 69,520* 1.73 Mindoro........................... 675 1.89 Palma............................... 2,516 1.55 Pilar.................................. 4,801 1.61 San Fernando................. . . . . 18,185 1.65 San Isidro........................ 2,329 1.63 Santos-Lopez................... 2,946 1.70 Sara Ajuy........................ 1,982 1.73 Talisay-Silay.................... . ... 14,455 1.62 Tarlac............................... . ... 19,643 1.54 Victorias........................... . . . . 14,737 1.75 203,490 •Pertains to 1932-1933 crop. It is interesting to note that due to improve ment in weather conditions throughout the sugar districts, juice purities have correspondingly increased over those of a month ago. As may be noted, the Philippine Milling Co. and Pampanga Sugar Mills top the list for high recove ries, having to their credit 1.89 and 1.88 piculs of sugar per ton of cane, respectively. Senate Bill No. 374 which has recently been passed by the legislature is now pending before the Governor-General for action. The Phil ippine Sugar Association has definitely placed of record its disapproval of the sugar bill as pdssed by the legislature, tind had requested His Excellency to disapprove the bill on the grounds that it does not provide an adequate limitation of production and for other reasons, at the same time reaffirming its desire for an effective limitation measure, free from all ex traneous matters. Philippine Exports: Export statistics for the month of November as reported to us from private sources are as follows: Long Tons Centrifugals..........88,518 Refined........................ 7,234 Total..................... 95,752 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. Mf.yer Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Mjg. Co. China................................................... 4,695 Germany.............................................. 595 North Africa....................................... 12,432 North Atlantic (Europe).................... 56,511 Spain.................................................... 1,320,660 Straits Settlements......................... 1,152 United States...................................... 124,547 Raw Leaf: The purchases in Caga yan Valley are prac tically completed. Lo cal transac tio/js are small and prices firm. Export consists mainly of the regular shipment to the Spanish Monopoly, as is shown by the following figures: Rawleaf, Stripped Tobacco and Scraps Kilos Cigars: During the past month cigar ship ments to the United States suffered a decline as compared with the month previous, but are considerably higher than during November 1932. It is further anticipated that shipments during December will be less than November. There were shipped during; Period Cigars November, 1933............................. 25,208,631 November, 1932............................. 14,039,813 January—November, 1933........... 168,901,698 January—November, 1932........... 163,796^074 These figures show that in spite of the heavy shipments during the last few months the total of this year to-date is not much in excess of the year 1932. REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman Addition Hills The November total is the largest for this month since 1918 or since Manila sales have been tabulated. Heavy trans fers between two cor porations are included but, even with these de ducted, the total is greater^ than in any November since 1928. 1,520,592 FOR THESE GOOD REASONS... GO EMPRESS Reason/...Record size. Reason 2...Record speed. Reason 3.,. Luxury of Pacific and Atlantic standards. More Reasons...T Ask anyone who’s made an “Empress" crossing! Fortnight ly sailings from ORIENT TO VICTORIA AND VANCOUVER Choice of 2 Routes... Direct Express: Empress of Asia and Empress of Russia make trans Pacific crossing from Yokohama in 9 days. Via Honolulu; Empress of Japan (largest, fastest liner on Pacific) and Empress of Canada add but three days to the journey.... First and Tourist Class. Also, Third Class. RAILWAY SERVICE ACROSS CANADA Sta. Cruz........................ Sampaloc........ . ............. Tondo............................. Binondo.......................... San Nicolas.................... Ermita............................ Malate............................ Paco................................ lntramuros..................... San Miguel.................... Sta. Mesa....................... Quiapo............................ Sta. Ana......................... Pandacan....................... Sales City of Manila October November 1933 1933 P 124,028 67,480 143,222 6,000 1,313 47,282 107,469 12,000 7.500 1.500 204,140 40,023 1’335,139 114 658 290,307 97,923 44,023 68,770 137,085 183,603 308,050 137,340 186,924 11,162 P761.957 Pl,914,984 The trip from Pacific Coast (Vancouver) to Atlantic Coast (Montreal or Quebec) is made in four days in the luxurious trains of the Canadian Pacific Railway. ONLY 3 TO 4 DAYS OCEAN TO EUROPE Via St. Lawrence Seaway! Sail from Montreal or Quebec and enjoy 2 days on the smooth St. Lawrence. Then, only 3 to 4 days more to British and Continental ports. Regular sailings: Empress of Britain. size-speed-SPACE marvel. Famous “Duchess” liners for smart economy. Popular “Mont-ships” for solid comfort, low cost. Attractive, low-priced Tourist and Third Class on all ships. YOUR INQUIRIES ARE INVITED CANADIAN PACIFIC WORLD’S GREATEST TRAVEL SYSTEM IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 Here’s how to get Manilas! Genuine Manila Long Filler Cigars in cellophane are obtain able in your ci ty or nearby! List of Distributo rs furn i s h e d upon re quest to— C. A. Bond Philippine Tobacco Agent: 15 Williams Street, New York City Collector of Internal Revenue Manila. P. I. MANILAS made under sanitary conditions will satisfy your taste I {Health Bulletin No. 28) Rules and Regulations for the Sanitary Control of the Factories of Tobacco Products. “Section 15. Insanitary Acts.—No person engaged in the handling, preparation, processing, manufacture, or packing of tobacco product or supervising such employment, shall perform, cause, permit, or suffer to be permitted any insanitary act during such employment, nor shall any such person touch or contaminate any tobacco products with filthy hands or permit the same to be brought into contact with the tongue or lips, or use saliva, impure water, or other unwholesome substances as a moist ening agent; Compliments of MARIANO UY CHACO SONS INC. Importers — Ship Chandlers — Hardware — Iron and Steel—Roofing—Paints, Oils and Varnishes UY CHACO BUILDING—MANILA Telephones 2-24-78—2-24-79 Cable Address: “UYCHACO” TRY-TRAN TAXIS 5 cts. and 10 cts. TRY-TRAN GARAGE BRAND NEW CARS ESSEX TERRAPLANE pl.50 HOUR ,, 0.75 trip WILLYS “77” ,, 1.00 HOUR ,, 0.50 TRIP 405 Muelle de la Industria — Phones 2-15-56 and 2-15-57 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 SHIPPING REVIEW By 11. M. Cavender General Asent, The Robert Dollar Co. It is encouraging to note an increase of 17,030 tons in the total cargo movement for Oc tober as compared with the previous month. Oc tober figures were 135,784 tons. This is an increase of approximately 30,(103 tons over October 1932. To Oriental Ports, hemp shipments were par ticularly good, amounting to 43,807 bales. Lumber as again heavy, but fell oil somewhat from the record of the previous month. Other items showed some improvement. To the Pacific Coast., cigar shipments were again very satisfactory. Copra reached a record total of 21,000 tons, a slight increase over the previous record for August of this year. Coconut oil and copra cake and meal were also good. Lumber was off somewhat from the previous month, but the total was well above the average for the year. Hemp, rope, and desiccated coconut were only fair. To the Atlantic Coast and Gulf Ports, coconut oil dropped off quite considerably, while copra showed a nice increase. Cigar shipments were China anti Japan................................ Pacific Coast Local Delivery Pacific Coast Overlnntl Delivery . Pacific Coast InterCoastal Steamer. Atlantic ('oast.................................... European Ports................................... Australian Ports................................. A Ghand Totai.......................... Tons Miso. Sailings . 20.273 with 48 of which . 31.855 with 23 of which 1.146 with 11 of which . 511,675 with 23 of which 18,694 with 15 of which 2,899 with 9 of which 135.784 with 83 of which again good. The movement of hemp improved very much, while lumber and desiccated coconut were also better than the previous month. There was a full cargo of molasses of 11,534 tons. To European Ports, copra and copra cake were about average but very considerably less than for September. Hemp and lumber were also down, but tobacco shipments were slightly higher than for the previous month. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, during the month of October 1933, there were exported from the Philippine Islands the following: Tons Sailings 1,696 were carried in American Bottoms with 12 21,494 were carried in American Bottoms with 12 540 were carried in American Bottoms with 6 1,187 were carried in American Bottoms with 8 18,201 were carried in American Bottoms with 8 118 were carried in American Bottoms with 3 were carried in American Bottoms with - 43,236 were carried in American Bottoms with 17 THE PRESIDENT LINER FLEET WORLD-WIDE SERVICE AMERICAN MAIL LINE “The Short Route to America” To SEATTLE via CHINA, JAPAN and VICTORIA Pres. Jefferson - Dec. 20 Pres. Grant----- Jan. 3 Pres. Cleveland - Jan. 17 Pres. Jackson - Jan. 31 Pres. Jefferson - Feb. 14 Travel “President Liner’’ Tourist Class Manila to Seattle or San Francisco only $200; with private bath, $227. “President Hoover” and “President Coolidge” Special Class at slightly higher fares. DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINES EAST OR WEST TO NEW YORK Via China-Japan, Honolulu San Francisco Panama Canal Pres. Pierce - - Dec. 16 Pres. Hoover - - Dec. 27 Pres. Wilson - - Jan. 13 Pres. Coolidge - Jan. 24 Pres. Lincoln - - Feb. 3 Via Suez Canal and Europe Pres. Garfield - - Dec. 25 Pres. Polk - - - - Jan. 8 Pres. Adams-----Jan. 22 Pres. Harrison - - Feb. 5 Pres. Hayes - - - Feb. 19 PHILIPPINE INTER-ISLAND STEAMSHIP CO. SUPERIOR INTER-ISLAND SERVICE S. S. “MAYON” sails Tuesdays at 2 P. M. from Manila to Iloilo Zamboanga, Cebu, Iloilo back to Manila. FUTURE SAILINGS Dec. 19 Dec. 26 Jan. 2 Jan. 9 Jan. 16 FOR BOOKINGS AND INFORMATION APPLY TO: THE ROBERT DOLLAR CO. General Agents Robert Dollar Bldg., Port Area — MANILA — Telephone 2-24-41 87 Escolta IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 Passenger departures from Manila for October 1933 were practically the same in first and intermediate classes as for last month, although third class showed a slight increase, mostly in carryings to the Pacific Coast and to the Straits Settlements. Compared with October 1932, first class decreased 22%, while intermediate and third classes remained almost the same. The following figures show the number of passengers departing from the Philippine Islands during October 1933: First mediate Third China and Japan................... 99 Honolulu.................................. 8 Pacific Coast........................... 29 Europe via America.............. 0 Straits Settlements and Dutch East Indies......................... 29 Europe and Mediterranean Ports beyond Colombo.... 10 America via Suez................... 12 Australia.................................. 7 173 290 5 24 48 88 11 0 18 27 11 9 0 0 0 0 Total............................... 194 266 438 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Mufloz, Nuevo Ecija Director, Rice Producer’s Association Late planting on account of late rains, spotted dis tribution of moisture during the growing season and the present want of mois ture to mature the main crop varieties put the es timate for this year’s rice crop 10% below that of last year. In the eastern portion of the central Lu zon plain the crop will be better than last year’s, in the western portion it ..... ------- reduced. The Cagayan and Cotabato crop will affect the market but slightly, the quantity grown in those valleys is com paratively small. Typhoons in the Bisayas hurt the crop but little, but the Bisayas, like the Ilokano provinces, will have to import rice from other provinces. We have held for the past few years that in years of normal production the Philippines grow rice enough to supply themselves. This seems to be borne out by the facts, and there will even be a slight carry-over. During August and September rail arrivals of rice in Manila rose at times as high as 13,000 sacks a week, with an average of 5,000 sacks a week delivered by trucks and boats. On submarginal lands wholly dependent on rainfall to make the crop, the harvest will be very short. But next year’s demands will also be reduced; the supply seems adequate to domestic consumption, and there will be no basis for the fear that affected the market last season. As we had contended, the high tariff of 1*5 per 100 kilos did not sefvSstte affect domestic prices, except in the special cast,cited, and this was due to the psychology of fear rather than to fact. It was not due to lack of-supply, but in part to lack of an estimate. Prices front February to June inclusive were ridiculously low, in fact the lowest in the past 40 years. So the growers deposited very little of the crop in the commercial warehouses. The warehouse law, with its charges for insurance, shrinkage and storage, while perfectly legitimate, fell heavily on a product valued at Pl.45 to Pl.50 the cavan. So producers refused to patronize the warehouses provided by a benevolent legis lature, they preferred to store the rice at their premises. Chinese millers, storers and buyers, RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By M. D. Royer Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company FRESH RELIABL^^MILK The volume of commodities received in Manila ■ during the month of November, 1933, via the Manila Railroad are as follows: Rice, cavans.................................... 9,544 Sugar, piculs................................... 8,600 Copra, piculs................................... 28,300 Desiccated coconuts, cases......... 781 Tobacco, bales................................ 176 Lumber and Timber, B.F......... 21,900 The freight revenue car loading statistics for four weeks ending Nov. 18, 1933, as compared with the same period for the year 1932 are given Note:—Figures in parenthesis indicate decrease. COMMODITIES NUMBER OF FREIGHT CARS FREIGHT TONNAGE INCREASE OR DECREASE 1933 1932 1933 1932 Cars Tonnage Rice................................. 458 216 5,233 2,200 242 3,033 Palay............................... 71 38 699 318 33 381 1,081 7,516 1,444 78 638 30,427 17,580 443 12,847 Sugar Cane.................... 5,674 967 135,405 99,267 1,842 477 36,138 11,117 7,059 4,058 (747) Coconuts....................... 157 1,092 1,839 (79) Molasses......................... 155 94 4,539 2,724 61 1,815 10 5 84 25 5 59 Tobacco.......................... 13 18 101 125 (5) (24) Livestock.... 24 26 105 140 (2) (35) Mineral Products .... 282 273 3,617 3,805 3,876 3,835 9 (259) (30) Lumber and Timber. . . 149 153 (4) Other Forest Products . 4 5 60 32 (1) 28 Manufactures................. 108 84 1,274 19,930 919 24 355 All others including LCL 2,758 2,792 23,401 (34) (3,471) 14,151 11,140 217,488 163,340 3,011 54,148 s UMMA R Y Week ending October 28, 1933..................... 3,171 2,119 47,038 28,856 1,052 18,182 Week ending November 4, 1933....................... 3,069 2,414 47,820 33,972 655 13,848 Week ending November 11, 1933..................... 3,760 2,885 58,046 42,153 875 15,893 Week ending November 18, 1933..................... 4,151 3,722 64,584 58,359 429 6,225 14,151 I 11,140 217,488 163,340 3,011 54,148 Not only Babies but all residents in the tropics need the sustaining and nourishing benefits of rich, full cream milk. Do not neglect this cardinal rule of health. Make sure that your diet includes a liberal and regular allowance of ..BEAR BRAND" Natural Swiss Milk, sent to you fresh from the rich mountain pastures of Switzerland. BEAR BRAND NATURAL SWISS MILK 2 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 33 finding the visible supply so low, blamed it on a short crop rather than retarded delivery; they had no estimates on which to rely, as the government estimates come just a year too late to be of practical use except for statistical history. Under competition, therefore, prices rose by leaps until in August and September they were nearly double what they had been before. This was an utterly unnecessary spurt, due to fear, and the grower, forced -us usual to sell his crop early, had no jmrtj^i its benefits; hence the greater portion >>£the crop was sold and handled at prices mv'Jh lower than production costs, even the brire operating expense, and on the ^apffltl investment. carrying the burden of the prosperity taxes there was no profit whatever. Overseas Factors. In the 3 Indonesian coun tries there is still a large supply of unsold rice. Other crops are being turned to as a consequence; during the past decade there has been a move ment for other crops, to supplement rice, the chief cash crop. Prices are naturally very low. Japan has a fair crop, with a carry-over controlled at good prices by its far-seeing govern ment. Java’s demands for rice have fallen, and in 1934 will be still less because sugar lands have been turned to growth of food crops. This holds with China, in general, and Hong kong’s exports from Indonesia to China have fallen to almost nothing, due in part to exchange troubles and a general tightening of belts among the millions. When peak prices came in Manila for Philip pine rice, a few shipments were brought in from Indonesia, but the quantity was neg ligible. Latest Saigon prices are lower, es pecially for the new crop. The surplus is the largest in many years, only 1,080,000 metric tons had been exported this year to October 31. The laid-down cost of Saigon rice in Manila now would be P5.68 per sack of 57 kilos, equal to the price of our superior grades; hence im ports will cease abruptly as the market falls. While no brief for price stabilization is held, that lies in the land of idealism, orientation on the facts the year presents is possible. Millers made the mistake of offering prices that were too low during the early months of the year, which had the effect of keeping back the visible supply and made many firms pay for their folly in red ink. When, as is assumed, the domestic crop is enough for the demand, and imports are stopped by the tariff, the price of a commodity so necessary as rice is in the Phil ippines is quite easily stabilized. The violent fluctuations during the latter part of the year forced palay prices up from 1*1.45 a cavan to P2.60 a cavan. Current prices (end of No vember) for old palay are from 1*2.20 to 1*2.30 a cavan, slightly lower for the new crop. At P2.60 a cavan the price is too high, Saigon rice can compete. Prices should be P0.20 to P0.30 below this, to allow the merchant his give-and-take in dealings. This means a reduction of about 1*0.50 per sack of rice. There is nothing revolutionary about this self-evident fact, either. Producers worth their salt don’t desire to penalize con sumers with impossible prices, demoralizing the industry. There is perhaps no better year than the present to get miller, buyer, distri butor and producer together on prices equitable to all; to apply common sense instead of avariee and altruism—neither of which leads anywhere. Violent fluctuations of the rice market will benefit no one, regulation applied to the 19331934 season will mean less dissatisfaction all round: demand is expected to fall in proportion to the lower yield, due to conditions in the hemp, copra and tobacco regions and to a less degree in the sugar regions. Year June 30 1910 ...................... 1911 ...................... 1912 ...................... 1913 ...................... 1914 ...................... 1915 ...................... 1916 ...................... 1917 ...................... 1918 ...................... 1919 ...................... 1920 ...................... 1921 ...................... 1922 ...................... 1923 ...................... 1924 ...................... 1925 ...................... 1926 ...................... 1927 ..................... 1928 .................... 1929 ...................... 1930 ...................... 1931 ...................... 1932 .................. Palay [Rough Rice] Statistics For Philippine Islands Hectares Cultivated (2>$ Acres) Cnvnns (44 kilos) Cavnns Prjcc per ^Hcaare" Value 1,192,140 18,859,090 15.82 P2.96 P46.78 P55,765,850 1,043,760 20,530,100 19.67 3.01 59.17 61,759,590 1,078,890 11,622,470 10.77 3.44 37.06 39,981,290 1,141,240 24,498,860 21.47 2.36 50.77 57,939,800 1,244,940 22,736,810 18.26 2.52 45.99 57,261,760 1,130,710 17,818,490 15.76 2.76 43.52 49,207,980 1,140,830 20,878,860 18.30 2.68 49.02 55,923,820 1,225,690 28,276,720 23.07 2.88 66.39 81,377,810 1,368,140 35,795,050 26.16 3.78 98.79 135,163,370 1,381,340 33,781,650 24.45 5.58 136.54 188,614,590 1,484,890 36,343,810 24.47 7.01 171.63 254,855,380 1,673,380 41,478,540 24.79 3.78 93.76 156,892,680 1,661,430 43,436,830 26.14 3.22 84.22 139,935,080 1,675,870 43,790,500 26.13 3.41 89.19 149,475,950 1,737,910 41,570,700 23.92 4.16 99.52 172,957,290 1,725,500 45,652,600 26.46 4.21 111.37 192,179,270 1,755,920 47,780,000 27.21 4.27 116.21 204,051,110 1,807,060 49,946,400 27.64 4.02 111.21 200,970,720 183,295,130 1,786,960 49,921,200 27.94 3.67 102.57 1,775,460 49,786,400 28.04 3.88 108.95 193,431,510 1,812,800 51,586,900 28.46 3.60 102.40 185,637,100 129,787,890 1,790,610 49,640,300 27.72 2.61 72.48 1,781,630 47,299,200 26.55 1.89 50.29 89,607,000 Xmas Gifts For Everybody and For Every Purse! Before making your final decision about your Xmas Gifts, drop in BOTICA BO IE, Retail Dept., and look at the display of Yardley Xmas Gift Sets There are lovely sets for everybody— for Babies, for Ladies, for Gentlemen —at such prices that everybody can af ford (From Pl.75 to P25). You will find sets including everything for the most discriminating Dressing Table and Traveling Bags containing all the requirements for Bath—Shaving Sets for Gentlemen and Bath Sets for Babies. And every Set in a perfect bijou of a box. All the Toiletries and Beauty Aids from YARDLEY are ones “with an English Accent.” BCT1CA ECIE Don’t worry about carrying your packages. Make your purchasesand we will deliver them to your home—we have home delivery twice a day I% IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 34 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 ILDEFONSO TIONLOC, INCORPORATED Compliments of “BRIAS ROXAS INC.” 71 Escolta * Customs Brokers and Forwarding Agents Tel. 2-13-75 Manila, P. I. Shop early for Christmas and avoid the rush. 123 Dasmarinas Manila, P. I. Telephones {4^47 With Compliments from Companfa Maritima The Express Interisland Service Let us know if you intend to spend your Vacation, enjoying the fresh breath of our inland seas, visit ing our southern capitals, Cebu, Iloilo, Iligan, Zamboanga, Jolo or Davao, and we will send you our representative who will give you all information desired. 345 ECHAGUE (Opposite Osaka Bazar) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 35 I Smart | | Rattan | | Ftirniture | to By PUYAT to Consider it as a protection! HGAINST the ravages of ex posure—the sun, the rains and the wind—if for no other reason you might paint your properties with— YCO Prepared Paints —especially manufactured to resist the destruc tive effects of tropical heat and humidity. Three Reasons Why -t YCO Paints penetrate thoroughly “anchoring” itself so that peeling is held off indefinitely. Blistering is also minimized. O Y C O Paints seal the pores of materials thus rendering them impervious to contraction and expansion owing to atmospheric flue- yfjfj tuations. <> YCO Paints spread considerably—a quality that goes a long way in making for economy in a paint. YCO Paints cover more space on a given quantity. PREPARED PAINTS ARE GOOD Get in touch with our Paint Contract Dept., for estimates and color schemes. X. JI YNCHAUSTI & CO. 348 Tanduay — MANILA — Tel. 2-27-50 •You don’t know how smart Rattan Furniture can look until you have seen PUYAT’S line made by its Philippine Art Furniture plant. There’s true economy in getting the best! GONZALO PUYAT & SONS, INC. 727 Solana, Intramuros Manila If you don’t want to be uneasy on SOCIAL FUNCTIONS wear correctly-made “Comfortable” ESCO Shoes SEE THE LATEST STYLES AT THE ESCO SHOE STORES 615 Escolta and 333 Legarda IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 36 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 SANITARY STEAM LAUNDRY CO., INC. t Complete Lines of i t GROCERIES & LIQUORS ! Laundry Cleaning Dyeing i 0^ QUALITY SERVICE PRICE 908-918 Arlegui Telephone 2-35-29 LADIES’ AND MEN’S HATS AURELIA’S “The House of Perfect Style” 80-84 Real Walled City, Manila HATS & DRESSES Made to Order Popular Prices to Fit Every Purse Wholesale and Retail Cable Address Tel. 2-27-88 “AURELIAHAT” P. O. Box 2861 Manila 1 i AT THE American Grocery 217-19 Echague — Manila Washington Grocery 203-05 Echague — Manila CAMERA SUPPLY -------C O M P A N Y------KODAKS CINE KODAKS KODAK FILMS DEVELOPING—PRINTING ENLARGING PICTURE FRAMING SHEAFFER PENS—PENCILS SKRIP 138 Escolta (Cor. David) Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKETS By L. L. Spellman International Harvester Company of Philippines The following report covers the various hemp markets for the month of November with statistics up to and including December 2nd, 1933. The Manila Market: The local market opened dull but export/ rs were taking all offer ings at thefollowine^ces:E, Pl 1.25; F, P10.25; G, P5.25; II, I, P7.25; JI, P6.00; .12, P5.00; K, PZ75; LI, P4.00; L2, P3.50; Ml, P4.00; M2Z P3.25; DL, P3.25; DM, P2.50; ..S2, J?7.2ik/,«3, 1*6.00. Notwithstanding heavy receipts srhd indifferent consuming markets, prices gradually advanced due to competition among the province dealers. By the middle of the month exporters and dealers alike were paving E, Pl 1.75; F, PIO.75; G, P5.50; II, P5.25; I, P7.50; JI, P6.25; J2, P5.25; K, P5.00; LI, P4.25; L2, P3.75; Ml, P4.25; M2, P3.50; DL, P3.50; DM, P2.75; 82, 1*7.50; S3, 1*6.25. This condition continued and dealers were less inclined to sell to the exporting houses. The end of the month found exporters paving E, P12.25; F, Pl 1.00; G, P5.75; H, P5.50; f, P7.75; JI, P6.50; J2, P5.50; K, P5.25; LI, P4.50; L2, P4.00; Ml, P4.25; M2, P3.75; DL, 1*3.75; DM, P3.25; S2, P7.75; S3, P6.25. The market showed an advance of from 25 cents to Pl.00 a picul on the various grades. The production in the Bicol is comparatively light and as a result prices were higher there than elsewhere in the Islands notwithstanding the fact that hemp from this district is lower in quality than from some of the other provinces. Davao prices moved up and down several times during the month and on the average the grades were from 25 cents to 50 cents higher than the same grades from other provinces. The U. K. Market: The month opened with buyers asking J2, £15.0; K, £14.10; LI, £13.0; L2, £12.10; Ml, £13.10; M2, £12.5; DL, £12.0; DM, £10.0. There were very few buyers and the middle of the month found the market dull and declining with importers ask ing J2, £14.10; K, £14.0; Ll, £12.10; L2, £12.0; Ml, £12.15; M2, £11.10; DL, £11.10; DM, £10.0. The last half of the month was particularly barren of sales and the London dealers were buying only odd grades and filling shipments to out-of-the-way ports. Notwithstanding the dull market, the importers were not particularly anxious to sell at the prices ruling. However, a fair quantity of hemp was being offered on the basis of J2, £13.15; K, £13.5; Ll, £12.0; L2, £11.5; Ml, £12.0; M2, £10.15; DL, £10.15; DM, £10.0. The U. S. Market: The first of the month found sellers asking E, 5-3/4 cents; F, 5-3/8 cents; G, 3-3/8 cents; , 4-1/8cents; JI, 3-5/8cents. The manufacturers were not operating and it was generally understood prices could be shaded from one-eighth to one-fourth of a cent. Toward the middle of the month there were a few large orders placed and as a result prices moved up to E, 6-1/8 cents; F, 5-7/16 cents; G, 3-5/8 cents; I, 4-1/4 cents; Jl, 3-7/8 cents. This effectively stopped business and the end of the month found importers offering at E, 6 cents; F, 5-1/4 cents; G, 3-3/8 cents; I, 4-1/8 cents; Jl, 3-7/8 cents. These prices were firm enough but buyers were holding off. A large quantity of Davao hemp was being offered on the basis of E, 5-3/4 cents; F, 5-1/4 cents; G, 3-7/8 cents; H, 3-1/2 cents, I, 4-1/8 cents; Jl, 3-7/8 cents; S2, 4-1/8 cents; S3, 3-7/8 cents; J2, 3-3/4 cents; K, 3-5/8 cents. It was quite certain that sellers would accept one-eighth of a cent less on most of the grades. The Japanese Market: The demand from Japan was particularly neglected but prices were slightly better. Maguey: This fiber continues to be neglected. The retting season for Northern Maguey has just started but it is doubtful if there will be much production as the present prices will hardly cover the cost. The prices for Cebu Maguey hold firm enough but stocks inthehana of the exporters are increasing. A demand must come from the U. K. or Japan soon in order to maintain prices. Production : Production continues to run heavy and will undoubtedly keep up for the balance of the year. There has been no worthwhile increase in baled stocks but the stocks of loose hemp in the provinces are heavier than they have been for a year or more. This is partic ularly true in the Davao district. In spite of the heavy receipts and lack of demand from the consuming markets, we have had an ad vance in local prices. Prices in the U. K. and on the Continent have declined. There was an advance in the U. S. market but it was not warranted by business but rather by the prices ruling here. Undoubtedly there is a fair amount of speculating going on among the province dealers due to the belief that prices always go up in December. Unfortunately, facts do not seem to bear out this belief. Freight Rates: There has been no change in freight rates and so far as we know, no changes are contemplated at this time. Statistics: Figures below are for the period ending December 2nd, 1933. Manila Hemp On January 1st................. Receipts to date................ 1.933 Bales 167,007 1,116,735 1932 Bales 111,417 837,464 1,283,742 948,881 Shipments to— U. K.............................. 261,876 147,107 Continent....................... 173,420 111,512 U. S................................. 296,478 198,778 Japan............................. 344,531 286,797 Australia......................... 16,157 13,131 Elsewhere....................... 24,043 15,328 Local Consumption....... 24,000 24,500 1,140,505 807,153 RIZAL CEMENT A high grade cement, made in the Philippine Islands, a product of Philippine Industry. Specify “Rizal” Cement. Philippine Cotton Mills Manufacturers of cotton suitings, coco, denim and dress goods, of dependable quality. Display Rooms, Crystal Arcade Bldg. MADRIGAL & CO. Muelle del Banco Nacional Steamship Owners, Coal, and Coconut Oil Products Patronize Philippine Industry IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 JOAQUIN REYES & CO, INC. Ph o toengravers Up-to-date Equipment Modern Methods (School Annual Cuts Our Specialty) Please send us your next order for cuts HALFTONES LINE ETCHING COLOR PLATES COLOR PROCESS COMBINATION CUTS Free Press Building „ .. P. O. Box 326 680 Rizal Ave. “ Manila - Tel 2_21.10 Luzon Stevedoring Co, Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions SIMMIE 8s GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area SERVICE THAT SATISFIES! QUALITY! PROMPT SHIPMENT! DEE HONG LUE & Co, Inc. Office & Yard 920-950 Juan Luna, Manila Dealers, Manufacturers and Exporters of all Kinds of Phil. Lumber TELEPHONES 4-99-27 & 4-95-08 Cable Address “ZALUC” P. O. BOX 2978 Code Used “ACME” Operating ZAMBALES LUMBER CO. PORT MATALVIS, MASINLOC, ZAMBALES PHILIPPINE RED LUMBER CO., INC. PATA, CLAVERIA, CAGAYAN Branch Agency: Branch Agency: APARRI, CAGAYAN NAGABUNGAN, ILOCOS NORTE MANILA LUMBER CO. 910-916 JUAN LUNA • MANILA The National City Bank of New York Capital (Paid)------P248,000,000.00 Surplus................... P152,000,000.00 Undivided Profits - P 10,889,025.54 (as of June 30, 1932) COMPLETE BANKING SERVICES MANILA OFFICE National City Bank Building IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL December, 1933 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 39 PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Monthly average for 12 months previous to October, 1933 October, 1932 Commodities October, 1933 PRINCIPAL IMPORTS CARRYING TRADE Articles October, 1933 Octooer, 1932 Monthly average for 12 months previous to October. 1933 IMPORTS Value Cotton Cloths................... Other Cotton Goods........ Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... Rice..................................... Wheat Flour..................... Machinery and Parts of.. Dairy Products................ Gasoline............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles....................... Vegetable Fiber Goods... Meat Products................. Illuminating Oil............... Fish and Fish Products .. Crude Oil........................... Coal..................................... Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc................................... Fertilizers........................... Vegetables......................... Paper Goods, Except Books............................. Tobacco and Manufac tures of........................... Electrical Machinery.... Books and Other Printed Matters.......................... Cars and Carriages......... Automobile Tires. ... Fruits and Nuts............... Woolen Goods.................. Leather Goods.................. Shoes and Other Foot ware................................. Coffee................................. Breadstuff, Except Wheat I Flour............................... Eggs.................................... Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................ Lubricating Oil................. Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glassware.. .. Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ Oils not separately listed. Sarthern Stones and Chinaware..................... Automobile Accessories... Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.. .. Wood, Reed, Bamboo, and Rattan.................... India Rubber Goods.. .. Matches............................. Cattle................................. Explosives.......................... feugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films. .. Other imports................... 242,328 1,240.232 174,349 121.644 74,973 96,914 165,885 19,326 110,245 86,398 58,901 23,530 63,273 37,389 46,645 63,513 Total. % 14 7 6 7 0 2 1 2 2 9 2 2 7 7 2 5 9 1 7 0 7 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 0 2 0 0 0 0 6 4 5 6 0.1 7.6 P Value 329,520 130,978 242.275 324,551 233,540 362,340 169,167 81,511 147,157 207,890 88,370 78,544 92,058 118,098 74,059 114,787 84,594 107,218 27,784 100,369 50,919 46,529 27,549 % 9 7 7 7 10 0 2 7 3 7 5 2 0 1 9 8 2 4 7 7 0 0 2 5 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 9 8 0 1 7 0 0 1 0 0 6 9 0 0 7 8 0 2 0 0 0 8 3 2 0 6 0 10 Value % October, 1933 Nationality of Vessels October, 1932 Monthly average for 12 months previous to October, 1933 P 1,541,132 959,612 270,988 109,416 83,590 104,383 63,801 46,043 84.293 08,144 92,604 28,489 73,204 56,807 65,310 24,132 12.7 7.9 0.3 0.7 3.04.2 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.3 2.4 1.7 1.3 0.6 1.9 0.9 2.3 0^5 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.9 o'7 0.9 0.5 0.0> 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0^2 0.5 0.1 0.3 18.4 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Porto October, 1933 October, 1932 Monthly average for 12 months previous to October, 1933 Value % Value % Value % Value % 67.0 14.5 10.3 0.9 :o 4.3 3.0 2.0 L3 P23.884.24t 100.0 P24.193.896 100.0 P29.430.526 100.0 American. . British........ Japanese... Dutch.. .. German.. .. Norwegian. Philippines. Spanish . .. Swedish.. .. Danish........ Portuguese. Panaman . . Italian........ Belgian.. .. By Freight. By Mail. .. Total. 74,077 362,123 201,646 25.4 36.7 12.0 4.9 6.4 7.9 0.9 3.3 2.5 .4 r 5.5 5.5 13.0 8.6 5.1 5.2 9.5 0.5 43,351 0.3 1.7 EXPORTS October, 1933 Nationality of Vessels American. . ,, British............ Japanese........ German.......... Norwegian. .. Spanish.......... Dutch............. Philippines. .. Chinese.......... Swedish.......... Panaman .... Italian............. By Freight. By Mail. .. Total. P Value 301,214 105,741 701,377 93,663 October, 1932 % 39.2 16.2 16.8 4.8 13.9 2.5 0.9 5.8 0.8 1.6 Value 96,242 69,037 11,875 61,648 230,106 14,173 254,435 50 2,380 0.1 0.5 2.0 0.1 2*1 1.9 Monthly average for 12 months previous to October, 1933 % 39.9 32.1 13.3 2.1 8^9 0.8 0.8 0.6 5.9 P12,063,520 100.0 P10,996,386 100.0 P17,108,975 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries October, 1933 October, 1932 Monthly average for 12 months previous to October, 1933 Value Value Value United States................. United Kingdom............ Japan................................. China................................ French East Indies.... Germany.......................... Australia........................... British East Indies.... Dutch East Indies........ France............................... Netherlands..................... Italy................................. Hongkong......................... Belgium............................ Switzerland...................... Japanese-China............... Denmark.......................... Other Countries............ Total. 66 3 10 71 1 4 0 6 9 3 0 1 0 8 77.0 2.5 5.3 3.4 0.4 9 5 2 0 0 0 4 6 P23.884.241 100 8 6 0 0 0 0.‘ 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7 40 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER. UP {.UMMtKLU, JOURNAL .December, iyjd BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc. General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York-Boston Philippines-San Francisco (Direct) Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila. P. I. Myers-Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 680 Rizal Avenue Tel. 2-16-10 INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made cn Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. 1. Cable Address; “YPIL,” Cebu. Manila Wine Merchants LIMITED P. O. Box 403 Head Office: 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. Phones 4-90-57 and 4-90-58 Branch Store: 39 Alhambra opposite Elks Club Phone 2-17-61 PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. ff & M 41 CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description HANSON, ORTH & STEVENSON, INC. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers Chaco Building — Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES New York — London — Merida — Davao MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL P.O. BOX 1638 TEL. 21126 P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 23070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law-Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Administration of Estates Receiverships Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real. Intramuros Manila, P. I. International Harvester Co. of Philippines formerly MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila—Cebu—Vigan—Davao—Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery “LA URBANA” (Sociedad MGtua de Construcci6n y Pristamos) Prestamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital Paterno Building, Calle Helios MANILA. P. I. The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works Sugar Machinery Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. I. RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL From January 27th to February 11th A swell time in stonefor you and everybody 1934 CARNIVAL and EXPOSITION National Beauty Contest, Commercial and Industrial Fair, Horticultural and Livestock Show. Provin cial Participaixon. Rides and Side-Shows. Athletic Championships. New Free Attractions. Four Big Parades. BALLS—PAGEANTS—MUSIC—THRILLS “Drive Depression Away In The Carnival Way” IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL