The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Media

Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Description: Manila : The Chamber, 1921-1976
52 v.
Issue Date: Volume XIV (No. 2) February 1934
Publisher: The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States)
Year: 1934
Language: English
Subject: Philippines -- Commerce -- Periodicals.; Philippines -- Economic conditions -- Periodicals.
Rights
Place of publication: Manila
extracted text: tvavavavi Interiors of Philippine Homes 14th Annual Meeting of the Chamber of Commerce President Cavender s Report Upward Stock Market Key to Reviving Trade Business Value of the Public Schools Special Problems of Commercial Fishing Glancing at Our Coconut Oil Export Market Philippine Rock Asphalt: A New Industry 1933 Trade Statistics: Trade Commis sioner Hester’s Report Editorial: Youngbevg Recommends Other Featutes and the Usual Expert Reviews of Commerce “Be You Ever So Humble’’ you get a real ‘kick’ out of a good cigar and brag about it. Heres one you’ll like <^Bcing human, so do TABACALEDA ORIGINATORS OF HIGH GRADE PHILIPPINE TOBACCO PRODUCTS What Y ou “Expect” and What You Get are not always “Twins” IN any automatic refrigerator you “expect” low cost operation; freedom from repair expense; noiseless operation; non-stop defrosting; automatic temperature control; ample food space; split shelves; porcelain lin ed food chambers; plenty of ice cubes. If you PAY enough you can get some of these . . . but not all. In the “ELECTROLUX”, at a price no higher than any good automatic refrigerator, you get ALL these. Please note that we say “YOU GET”; the promise is fulfilled BE FORE you purchase because all these qual ities are built into the |v £[? (yi’R o LUX inL^^nEFiucERAT()R Come in and let us show you these sensa tional new “ELECTROLUX” GAS Refrige rators, now AIR-COOLED. MANILA GAS CORPORATION IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL LUZON BROKERAGE CO., INC. Derham Building P. O. Box 591 Port Area Tel. 2-24-21 A Licensed Customs Brokers Foreign Freight Forwarders Heavy Trucking Contractors Warehousemen Meralco Street-Car Advertising Interior Car Cards • Back of Fare Receipts • ■fc’jtir.icn rciMiwtiti Exterior Dash Signs • Bumper Signs Business Managers are constantly striving to increase the volume of sales. Street-car Advertising is considered by many to be the best medium in the city of Manila for achieving this end. Include an appropriation for Street-car Adver tising when preparing your next annual budget. For rates and full particulars—call up A. B. Tigh, Advertising Manager Manila Electric Company 134 San Marcelino Telephone 2-19-11 j Here’s how to i get Manilas! i Philippine Tobacco Agent: C. A. Bond 15 Williams Street, New York City Collector of Internal Revenue Manllc, P. I. MANILAS made under sanitary conditions will satisfy your taste! (Health Bulletin No. 28) Rules and Regulations for the Sanitary Control of the Factories of Tobacco Products. “Section IS. Insanitary Acts.—No person engaged in the handling, preparation, processing, manufacture, or packing of tobacco product or supervising such employment, shall perform, cause, permit, or suffer to be permitted any insanitary act during such employment, nor shall any such person touch or contaminate any tobacco products with filthy hands or permit the same to be brought into contact with the tongue or lips, or use saliva, impure water, or other unwholesome substances as a moist ening agent; ....”. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 BONDS Firearm Ammunition Judicial Contractors Customs Internal Revenue Fidelity and other Bonds INSURANCE Fire Marine Earthquake Typhoon Workman’s Compensation and other Insurance Call or Write for Particulars Fidelity and Surety Company of the Philippine Islands Geo. C. Dankwerth President P. M. Poblete Sec.-Treasurer E. B. Ford Vice-President A. Santwico Asst. Sec.-Treasurer Monte de Piedad Building Plaza Goiti Tel. 2-12-55 Manila, P. I. When Charlie Schwab Was Purchasing Agent for the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, He Specified: TRADE MARK THE ORIGINAL PENNSYLVANIA OIL Capable purchasing agents specified Valvoline in the early days of the steel industry just as they do today. Valvoline has been the steadi ly dominant lubricating oil for every type of industiial machinery since it was developed as the first steam cylinder oil in 1866. Where re quirements are exacting—for mechanical pre cision—high speed—power for heavy duty work —Valvoline is the standard of lubrication. You’ll find Valvoline the superior industrial lubricant because it has never been made from anything but the cream of Pennsylvania cru des, refined by an exclusive process, improved through the years. ELMAC INC. Tel. 2-35-33 MANILA 627 Rizal Ave. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 Vol. XIV, No. 2 ERICAN ommerce For More Attractive Philippine Homes Have you ever thought of tuff for some bit of interior motif? Our materials are most adaptable Last month's paper on more attractive homes in the Phil ippines discussed exteriors. This one discusses interiors. Do you recall an English music room in Caralcdde’ There was a wall, part timber and part rough stone—just such a wall as our tuff and some hardwood would make. The window, somewhat high, had a wide ledge, for the matter of that, it might, in the Philippines, have been a French window open ing on a landing: the real point is that in that music room good materials had been combined and harmonized to the best advantage. These effects are seldom seen in the Philippines. Yet we have abundant materials that lend themselves to them. If we have the knack, we don't yet apply it much. Half-timber con struction is practical here, building regula tions in Manila per mit use either of brick or stone in conjunc tion with timber uprights and cross beams. Wonders could be wrought with tuff, our dhobi or guadalupe stone, as the friars used to use it, and with hardwoods. No attempt will be made to say how the interior of a Philippine home should be treated, in detail. In fact, choice is wide and depends on taste rathei than cost. The trick lies in sub tlety, in avoiding the o b v i o u s. A r.s esl celarc (idem, (rue art is the concealment of art. Our home in teriors are likely to display harshness, somet hing t hat clash es with our sense of the fitting. In the past 20 years Amer An Interior View in the Tomij Mapua Home on Taft Avenue Extension 'I’lie French windows open upon porches. Offsets in (he ceiling seem to make it higher, and the sittingroom may be flooded with indirect lighting around the center panel of the ceiling. Note how delicately this room is set off from the main sala, or reception room. This is added to by a low landing, not well shown in the picture, where the pillars are. False pillars at the door in the background give it loftiness and width. The pillars in the foreground are massive, and are concrete, base and all, even the capitals; but the concrete has been marbled by the new process spoken of in the accompanying article. Note the adherence to straight lines, carried out most effectively in the design of the walls and the ceiling; also in the coping above the pillars. The floors are of contrasting hardwoods. The stairway in this home is of old tindalo, with ebony newelposts. The walls are papered, over concrete. ican women and Philippine women who have brought back no tions from their travels abroad have done a good deal to obliter ate this harshness of tone in many homes, especially in effecting better designs in rattan furniture and in use of antique hard wood pieces; but in most cases, just what to do with walls still escapes home-builders—refinement begins when the house is up. The Tomas Mapua home, on Taft Avenue Extension, used last month for its exterior, is a Manila home that is quite as pleasing inside as it is outside. There is not a bad corner in it, not a cramped room, nothing inharmonious. While it is an expensive home, the real effect is in the planning and not primarily in (he cost and quality of the materials. A view of the interior is used this month. It is said the owner regrets, now, that he built on so small a lot: more spacious grounds would give the home an infini tely better setting. This point was made on home-building generally in our first paper. Landings. Your chitect can often hieve a simple, attractive effect with a landing. It adds nothing to the cost of building, but may add infinitely to appearance. A landing compels a certain obeisance, a necessary crooking of the knee: that is the art of it, that it is reached by a definite effort, how ever slight. If your reception room is large enough, then a landing, a dais, for the piano; and who approaches there, to turn the daught er’s music, bows and bends the knee; 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 and she herself, at the instrument, is on a throne, who ever is in the room is looking up to her, whose position com mands their own. These things make a home. The bath, the place of your ablutions—in more than one of man’s religions nothing less than a rite—if this can be given a slight landing, a step down, or a step up, here is a detail worth working out with some care. Then the stairways, landings here by all means, not merely a glorified ladder. The movie's graphic art has the gift of catching people in their best poses; on stairways, they catch them on the landings: there is a turning, a pause in ascent, you glimpse a profile, you see at once that stair landings are not mechanical, but esthetic, devices—they arc traps in which to capture admiration. Now as homes, for the young folk in them, are wooing places, these devices are to be wished in them. It is a problem whether you will depart from straight lines, have a circular stairway, or not; and it is problem not always well solved, but the landing should be settled on from the outset. If the stairway must be straight, or you prefer having it so, attention to the supports of the landing and to the nowel posts will harmonize it with the room where it is placed. Manila carpenters are experts with their chisels. Give any one of them a piece of hardwood S or 10 inches square and tell him to fashion it for you, and he will turn out a first rate newel post. Pillars. These occur often enough in Philippine interiors, seldom done well. We have for them at least 3 excellent materials, tuff, hardwoods, concrete. Success with them will be in the finish. Builders now have a way of burnishing con crete to resemble marble: an example seen every day is the foyer of the Ideal theater, and the stairways there. In the Mapua home are a pair of these pillars with cast Corinthian capitals; a bit of tinting has been given these capitals, which are also set with agates. The final effect is good, the whole effort comparatively inexpensive. Tuff would present more difficulties, in pillars, than other materials. We have seen no such pillars, but believe we should like their gray and rugged tones. Lighting. American women have taught us all that it is better to design.and build lights than to buy them. Each house can now have lights specially adapted to it. There is a pagan cunning about the new lighting that is too illusive for ordinary comment. Some home-builders, too, are having lights imported for them from America. This is successful. But neither can you fail if you design for yourself and have Manila craftsmen make your lights to suit your fancy. Lines. Straight lines are architectural assurance, no plan can be bad that adheres to the straight line. When you think of departing from this rule, which worked so admirably for the Greeks, think twice. Yet departure with fine success is possible, given a deft skill most folk don’t possess and find hard to acquire. Effective ornamentation can follow the rule of the straight line. Departure from this simple rule, or rather, rule of sim plicity, has ruined many an interior in the Philippines: women of taste, shown houses to rent, shudder at the gingerbread decoration that must haunt them in these houses. In point of fact, it is usually folly to build without consultation with a competent architect. Many robust ideas about building pale into impracticability under calm discussion. Among such ideas are many pertaining to partitions and half-parti tions: easily rrtade plain, these are often built in the Phil ippines in a manner to cause nightmares; seemingly, workmen are given the materials and told to do their worst. All this leads to how so many otherwise fine houses are spoiled with small rooms. Small rooms are necessary to a small house, but even then may be so worked out as to provide the maximum possible convenience and give a passing illu sion of size. Only spacious rooms are fitting in a large house. This again leads to what to do about ceilings. If possible, ceilings should be high; if not possible, they should be so har monized with the walls, windows and doors as to seem high. The same rule applies to the windows and doors themselves. Here lintels, even false ones, recommend themselves. You have a low door to deal with, 7 feet high; well, give it a lintel, even a tiny one, and it will seem a foot higher. So with win dows. Besides, lintels skillfully constructed (that cost prac tically nothing, and may, with termite treatment, be made of waste lumber) are simple means of tasteful decoration. Windowboxes. Flowers and ferns arc tasteful touches in tropical homes. Of late our builders are learning to take thought about windowboxes and build them into the design of houses built with concrete—a process to which the true architectural touch adds much without a centavo of additional cost. So built, the boxes last forever. Minor Materials. Nothing has been done in the building of permanent residences in the Philippines with two of our plentiful minor building materials, bamboo and palmabrava. Yet if bamboo is cut at the right season of the year and treated as the cutters, say in Pampanga, know how to treat it in curing, it is highly resistant to insects (for which also it may readily be treated) and very durable. Bamboo could be used most effectively in home-building in the Philippines, especially for ceilings. The right kind polishes to a beautiful brown gloss. Palmabrava strips about 12 feet long, 1 or 2 inches wide, smoothed and cleaned of sapwood, can be bought de livered from Leyte at 1(> centavos a strip. Such palmabrava is insect-resistant and very durable. The palmabrava is chocolate brown striped irregularly with gray-white. It receives a fine luster, when polished with wax, and would, skillfully laid, make first rate flooring. It is also adaptable to other uses. Palmabrava could be used advantageously with rattan for porch furniture. The contrast would be a very dark brown and a light one. It is surprising to learn that Leyte can fur nish (his material at such low cost ; the unfinished pieces arc only S centavos each. Major Materials. Our major materials, aside from tuff, brick, cement and the hardwoods, include beautiful woods not strictly of the first group nor yet so common as the standard tangile that is the builder’s usual resource when hardwoods (Please turn to page 17) Model hacendero house, Philippine Carnival, 1934, painted with Galvolite. GALVOLITE The paint which will keep the air temperature in galvanized iron buildings down to approxima| tely shade temperature. 1 In use on Government and School buildings, Churches, residences and warehouses in the ' Philippines. , Pamphlet mailed on request ATKINS, KROLL & CO., INC. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 THE i AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 5 Glancing at Our Coconut Oil Export Market America’s proposed 5-cent per pound excise tax would exclude that market by double bars Tables from the department of agriculture and natural resources, printed with this paper, show the reader in detail how basic the coconut industry is in these islands. One of them shows year bv year the steady increase in the quantity of coconut products grown here, the main one being copra with its 2 3 content of coconut oil. Copra having always been on the free list of the American tariff, it is only in very late years that anyone has suggested it might some day be taxed in that market. Now however, a tax is more thajZa possibility. Copra is .‘O widely produced in the Philippines, by so many small farmers, that for it to lose the American market would probably be a greater economic blow to the islands than loss of the American su gar market; that is to say, a greater number of families would be deprived of their customary means of living. Theoretically, of course, copra that could not be sold in the United States could be sold in Europe and Japan, where a certain quantity is sold now. But the suppl.v now taken by the United States, partly as copra and parfly as oil, would glut all the other markets and profoundly depress the price. It is possible that there is COCONUT STATISTICS FOR THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS sO VAI.1' E <l1-’ t by-phoihcts ("IANb IoT.M. 1910 | 1’6,454,350 1*12,235,27l)j 1*1,448,560 1’ 6,023,450 1’26,161,630 1911 1 4,649,420 17,748,470! 1,980,890 1,882,490 26,261,270 1912 i 2,887,880' 29,586,090! 1,460,430] 1,992,140 35,926,540 1913 1 5,919,240. 21,005,970 1,503,169 2,107,290 30,535,660 1914 2,520,160 17,385,090 l,225,41()j 3,521,100 24,651,760 1915 2,097,SS0| 18,377,180 662,499 3,324,330 24,461,880 191(1 2,177,340] 19,016,090' 713,290! 2,524,230 24,430,950 1917 2,407,130] 26,553,150 831,8101 2,183,100 31,975,490 1918 3,327,790. 41,171,410] 1,351,190] 5,574,030 51,424,420 1919 3,305,580 53,950,370 l,877,2()0| 10,071,810 69,204,960 1920 5,636,380 107,356,520 1,71l,32()j 13,492,670 128,196,890 1921 3,951,020 59,445,980 1,427,310! 11,368,220 76,192,530 1922 2,038,050 44,052,140 1,087,630 8,089,860 55,267,680 1923 I 1,913,760 51,959,640! 911,791)! 9,581,030 64,366,220 1924 1,626,900 57,478,020, 758,840) 8,270,610 68,131,370 1925 3,830,250 59,958,920’ 851,660' 7,207,150 71,847,980 192(1 1 6,199,050 65,211,630, 839,280' 9,119,410 81,369,370 1927 | 6,155,290] 64,509,100 875,660 10,445,920 81,985,970 1928 | 6,284,620, 68,383,569] 802,250’ 9,938,000 85,408,430 1929 ! 8,265,950. 67,517,910 609,830| 12,699,930 89,093,620 1930 j 6,262,620 57,529,840 661,31()l 11,809,130 76,262,900 1931 3,650,0.80 33,637,570] 508,040, 7,840,530 45,636,220 1932 ; 2,125,750! 26,049,960 341,9601 4,967,8.30 33,485,500 P1.00 Philippine currency = $.50 U. S. currcncy. salvation from the proposed American tax in this very fact. A glut of copra on oil markets outside the United States would not only depress coconut oil prices, but prices of all vegetable oils. Some of these are on the American free list, some pay only low duties. Distressed in their usual markets, these oils would seek the American market and defeat the purpose of the proposed 5-cent tax on coco nut oil; namely this, to raise the level of prices in the United States for fats. There is so much of panicky import in this whole situation, that would be precipitated on the world by the proposed tax in the United States, that it is hardly to be supposed other countries, some of them large customers of the United States, will not join the Phil ippines in protest against the tax. Governor General Mur phy has very zealously urged upon congress the extreme dangers that lie in the pro posed tax: the danger of doing great injury to the Philippines as a market for American manufactures and provoking great and needless hardship here, and the danger that the aims of the tax will be defeated by an inflow of other oils not embraced in the tax. (We publish a list of such oils as Governor Murphy’s message COCONUT STATISTICS FOR THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Years Endini! June 30 1910 ............... 1911 ............... Oil Produced (Ilotn-niade) 6,993,510 6,602,970 TubiM’rodueed 174.483,480 37,649,880 I' 4 of Nuts Average Price Nuts No. (11) 40 Liter.' (a) 180 Copra 1 Oil I*er 100 (.iters 1,000 1,000 1 Copra Oil Per 100 Tuba Per 100 Liters Cilo 71 29 Picul 298 398 10(1 Kilos | Picul 1’2.07 3.00 1’10.35 15.00 1’6.55 9 49 1’20.71 30.00 1’3.45 5.00 1912............... 4,868,100 39,842,910 36 180 5 15 326 1,000 3.00 17.00 10.75 30.00 5.00 1913 . 5,010,540 42,145,870 32 00 316 1,000 4 00 18.00 11 38 30 00 5.00 1914............... 3,595,330 54,048^390 1.80 4 290 l’ooo 4.00 16.18 10.23 34.08 6.51 1915.............. 3,175,630 51,372,210 30 180 4 44 2.81 1,000 2 90 10 71 6.77 20.86 6.47 1916.............. 2,688,300 53,938,(i 10 180 50 285 1,000 3.41 13 41 8.48 26.53 4.68 1917............... 2,623,690 43,674,590 28 180 4 .23 267 1,000 3.73 14 23 9.00 31.32 4.99 1918............... 4,555,330 83,922,800 38 180 3 95 250 1,000 3 63 13 17 8.33 29.66 6.64 19J9............... 5,142,210 100,315 520 32 180 3 80 240 1,000 4.39 17.25 10.91 36.00 10.00 1920............... . 2,879,450 98,068,840 35 155 3 90 247 940 6.70 29.69 18.78 59.00 14.00 1921............... 2,706,720 103,854,740 33 189 4 00 253 1,000 4 73 15.87 10.04 52.73 10.95 1922............... 2,872,230 105,431,050 30 173 3 74 236 1,005 2.99 12 01 7.60 37.87 7.67 1923 . 2,57.8,770 121,802,580 30 246 927 3 32 14 11 8 93 35.36 7 87 1924.............. 1,865,770 114,581,800 31 212 3 90 247 1,009 3.57 14.85 9.39 4(L67 7.22 1925 1,993,450 87,252,200 30 194 4 3 01 254 980 3 46 16 55 10.47 42 72 8.26 1926............... 1,787^810 99’,60L810 30 212 99 252 1,037 4 .17 17.83 11.28 46.94 9^21 1927............... 1,973,710 107,772,910 31 -210 3 .95 250 1,002 3 84 15 73 9.95 44.37 9.69 1928............... 1,933,580 113,694,610 31 218 3 98 252 1,015 3.85 15.80 10.00 41.49 8.74 1929............... 1,639,630 115,847,330 33 201 3 96 251 973 3 51 14.06 8.89 37.19 10.96 1930............... 1,874,510 116,796,470 30 196 3 .96 251 965 2 94 12.50 7.91 35.28 10.11 1931............... 1,971,550 98,431,570 27 167 4 .00 253 990 2.16 8.01 5.07 25.77 7.96 1932.............. 1,614,540 93,402,470 27 118 4 34 274 970 1 29 6.41 4.06 21.18 5 32 Pl.00 Philippine currency = S.50 U. S. currency (a) Not available 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 reported them to the secretary of war, who is supporting the Philippines’ case). While it is true that excise taxes are domestic questions in which foreign Countries have no intervention, it doesn’t necessarily follow that any movement whatever that would surely play havoc in fats and oils markets the world over, as this tax would, and break all price levels, is not a subject of international concern—os lo its effects. We hardly have a doubt but that this proposed tax is already a subject of dis cussion among diplomats at Washington and our state de partment, whose advice must be against it. Palm oil from Africa is on the American free list. Palm kernel oil pays a U. S. duty of 1 cent a pound. Denatured palm kernel oil is on the American free list. Soya bean oil pays a U. S. duty of 3-1/2 cents a pound. Whale oil pays a U. S. duty of 1 cent a pound. Tallow pays a U. S. duty of 1/2 cent a pound. Cottonseed oil pays a U. S. duty of 3 cents a pound. Cottonseed, paying a U. S. duty of 1/3 cent a pound, with extraction of about 17% would yield oil at a duty of 2 cents a pound. These arc the data Governor Murphy cabled to Washington, saying he greatly feared that the proposed tax on coconut oil would “sacrifice the prosperity of an Ametwere important, Spain taking 31,020 tons and France, 20,907 tons; but note that Spain and France together bought less than the United States did, by about 22,000 tons. This indicates what a volume of oil-yielding material from the Philippines would be thrown on the world market if copra were excluded fropa the United States, in ostensible benefit of the tallow, >4ard and seed market there. The Philippine produp<ea 686,000 metric tons of copra during 1933, in Wntrast with 425,000 tons during 1932. They exported 310^000 metric tons of copra during 1933, 218,000 metric txgis to the United States alone; and they also exported 1^6,000 metric tons of coconut oil, of which 158,500 metric tons went to the the United States and not a single shipment to Europe. There are some half-dozen crushing mills operating in the Philippines, extracting oil from copra and selling a quantity of this oil overseas. The 1932 export of coconut oil was 114,673 metric tons, invoice value 1*15,302,287. The United States took 110,259 tons of this oil. The industry is, in fact, based on the American market. Some 75% of the coconut oil made here and sold in the United States, and the oil extracted in America from Philippine copra, goes into the making of soaps and other nonedible products of important COCONUT STATISTICS FOR THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Years En.linn June 30 Area Cultivated Hectares NUMBER OP TREES PLANTED Total Nuts Gathered Nuts Sold to .Eat COPRA PRODUCED Total B e a r i n K T u b a Y <> it n it Kilos Equivalent Piculs 1910........... 164,190 32,838,540 (a) la) (a) 937,927,930 311,609,150 118,140,880 1,867,840 1911........... 208,480 41,695,160 24,128,890 209,170 17,357,100 965,155,100 154,980,730 118,323,040 1,870,720 1912........... 230,680 46,136,350 28,921,720 221,350 16,993,280 1,041,181,900 96,262,490 174,035,540 116,700,040 2,751,550 1,845,060 1913........... 223,210 44,642,410 24,424,550 234,140 19,983,720 781,585,500 147,981,010 1914........... 245,950 49,190,370 23,650,660 300,270 25,239,440 591,266,400 63,057,700 107,382,690 1,697,750 1915........... 264,150 52,829,680 28 860 530 285,400 23,683,750 865,815,830 72,441,160 171,573,850 2,712,630 1916........... 270,770 54,153,850 29J2(\840 299,100 24,133,910 735,275,750 63,818,410 141,764,120 2,241,330 1917 ........ 301,220 60,244,050 30,965,470 242,640 29,035,940 880,588,810 64,586,490 186,510,970 2,948,790 1918........... 331,390 66,278,4(X) 37,173,020 466,240 28,631,140 1,397,796,110 91,612,160 312,592,880 4,942,180 1919........... 368,600 73,720,100 41,997,410 557,310 31,255,380 1,344,950,6(X) 75,358,580 312,718,120 4,944,160 1 <)•>() 397,030 79,406,100 43,585,410 630,860 35,189,830 1,509,504,290 84,216,090 361,605,310 5,717,080 1921........... 417,960 83,591,900 46,459,180 550,330 36,582,390 1,547,583,130 83,556,120 374,622,160 5,922,880 1922........... 444,570 84,536,710 49,379,910 34,546,940 1,467,684,000 68,239,000 366,808,890 5,799,350 1923........... 456,440. 86,707,380 49,809,380 1,028’520 35,869,480 1,515,253,000 57,556,000 368,130,810 5,820,250 1924 ........... 460,440 87,460,(MX) 51,154,600 540,460 35,764,940 1,576,629,000 45,588,000 387,036,240 6,119,150 1925........... 472,050 89,637,770 53,165,880 449,210 36,022,680 1,584,519,000 110,678,000 362,220,100 5,726,800 1926........... 485,030 91,908,700 54,650,430 465,790 36,792,480 1,627,379,0(X) 148,759,000 365,629,270 5,780,700 1927........... 500,010 94,877,740 58,414,390 513,680 35,949,670 1,800,027,000 160,276,000 410,160,440 6,484,750 1928........... 515,510 98,056,330 61,068,390 520,4(X) 36,467,.540 1,906,804,000 163,211,(XX) 432,663,520 6.840,530 1929........... 531,040 101,527,030 65,082,8(X) 574,770 35,869,460 2,155,530,000 235,411,000 480,191,470 7,591,960 1930........... 550,840 105,269,040 68,734,310 594,460 35,740,270 2,056,761,(XX) 212,986,000 460,129,830 7,274,780 1931........... 561,450 107,089,420 69,633,890 590,470 36,865,060 1,869,034,000 168,781,000 419,636,550 6,634,570 1932........... 566,100 107,926,120 71,542,490 792,880 35,590,750 1,943,863,000 165,187,000 406,187,700 6,421,940 (a) Not available 1*1.00 Philippine currency--$.50 U. S. currency ican territory to little or no advantage to anyone under the flag and merely to the profit of foreign producers of the above listed cheap oils.’’ The value at primary markets of the islands of all coconut products during 1932 (the 1933 figures being unavailable until next month) was 1*33,485,500. The quantity of copra that year was 6,421,940 piculs, or a little more than 400,000 metric tons. Last year’s crop was more bountiful. The islands have approximately 80 million coconut trees in bearing, about 110 million planted; 25 provinces have upward of 1 million trees, 18 have upward of 2 million each, 7 upward of 4 million each; Laguna has upward of 10 million, Samar up ward of 6 million, Cebu nearly 8 million, Leyte nearly 5 million, Tayabas upward of 21 million: in these and several other provinces (proving coconuts much more widely dis tributed than sugar), coconuts are the principal crop. The accompanying tables give many additional and interesting details, such as the number of trees yielding tuba^ or coco wine, used exclusively for this purpose and therefore yield ing no copra. (Which answers a question asked in London’s Tropical Life, January issue). During 1932 the Philippines sold 137,241 metric tons of copra overseas of which 83,029 tons were sold in the United States, more than 60% of the total. Only two other customers American factories. Coconut oil may be said to be the base of the soap industry in America. Philippine manufac turers of coconut oil are interested in keeping the market for their product offered by the margarine industry in the United States, in which of late the use of coconut oil has been growing, but soaps are the main chance. The soap manufacturers’ statement that forcing them to use other oils than coconut for soap would raise the price of that necessity is true: coconut oil has long been standard for soap, and it grows more plentiful and cheaper all the time. It is, too, probably the market for edible oils that the proposed excise tax is designed to bolster up. Yet it is obvious that the tax would be ineffective for this purpose, so little coconut oil going into edible products. It is equally obvious, however, that, aside from visiting ruin upon hundreds of thousands of small Philippine farmers whose one cash crop is coconuts, the tax would demoralize the fats and oils markets of the whole world. The curtailment of buying power here, that would be general and drastic in extreme, would be felt at once by American manufactures sold here. Given all the circumstances, this journal guesses that the Philippines may, for the time being, escape the menace of the proposed tax on its coconut oil in the United States. But (Please turn to page 17) February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 American Commons Chosen in September Register Gains Profit could now be taken, or port folio adjustments made—conditions are progressively encouraging Current market reports arc not a bit discouraging about our imagined portfolio of American commons as an investment. The currency policy of the United States is settling down, on the one hand; on the other, the country, especially the financial part of it, is settling down to the currency policy. Author ities seem about agreed that buying up the American yearly silver production, from 24,000,000 to possibly 50,000,000 ounces a year, coining half and storing the other half, will effect no inordinate inflation or debasement of the currency. It will, however, it is supposed, checkmate silver extremists: it is one of President Roosevelt’s adroit compromises. it is no longer an obstacle and the prophesy is that one result will be easier bank credit. It is noticeable how much opinion is catching on, that bad men are more often to blame for disaster than bad laws: the banks are likely to look to it that the Federal examination of banks be effective, and that, for example, such messes as are being disclosed as having existed at Detroit are not soon repeated. Incidentally, because the guaranty applies to accounts of $2,500 and less, many small banks pay more into the guaranty fund than some of the large ones (which in turn, under mandate of the Glass act of last year, are sloughing their investment affiliates). The part silver on a new basis is to play in world trade remains to be disclosed. The metal may get too buoyant, but London probably has a controlling hand over it both through influence in China and Spain and actual power in India. As to the dollar, valued cheaper than the full gold dollar it is intended to have a stable value; confidence in young Morgenthau, though he is a liberal, in the treasury office seems wide spread enough to induce the country to go ahead under the newly revised currency legislation. On its own part, the United States is spending, spending tre mendously. This year’s budget gets no worry, the balance over a series of years seems to be the administra tion’s plan: to spend more now than is collected, with the idea of spending less when collections increase. But the treasury situation plainly in dicates an early effort for more income taxes from large incomes, while this is strongly recommended to Roosevelt by his liberal advisers as a practical means of the periodical redistribution of wealth. If business keeps on picking up, it will be done quite without regard to what the government may demand out of its profits. Men will willingly wait and see about that. QUOTATIONS At the end of Rails— A. T. and S. F.. . Canadian Pacific Pennsylvania................... I’. P................................. B. and ()........................ BanksChase National.. . Empire Trust Irving Trust....... National City.. Steel— Bethlehem........... r. s............... Food Products— California Packing. Corn Products.... General Foods.... Automobiles— Chrysler........... General Motors Others— Drug, Inc... . Wrigley’s The natural result of this will be that the small banks will tend less to follow the lead of the big ones, which would have been well when the urge for foreign bonds swept the country. Good bankers, always greatly in the majority, will go along with the administration and the senate bank ing committee and rejoice to be rid of colleagues who played the game not wisely but too well. The latest Index, for January, carries data from the very worst period of last year, the OctoberNovember slump during which infla tion terrified the land and the big push against NRA was made. Yet see for yourself: October and November carloadings, up 251,761 over 1932's 6ame period. October and November pigiron production, up 1,155,512 tons over 1932’s same period. October and November business failures, down 1,903 below 1932’s same period. Shares trade on the New York stock ex change, October and November, up 20,762,445 over 1932’s same period. October and November New York City bank clearings, up 2.6 billion over 1932’s same period. October and November U. S. imports, up 95 million over 1932's same period. Exports, up 69 million. UP TO DATE Nov. Jan. 2 Feb.l 46-1/8 56-3/4 71-1 8 13 12-7/8 16-5/8 25-3 4 30-3 8 37-1.2 108-7 8 113 129 2.5-5 8 23-3/8 32-7/8 19 19-1/2 29 1.5-1 2 15 20-1/4 13-3 4 13-7/8 17-3/4 20-5. 8 21-1/2 28-1/4 32-3/8 37-1 8 47-1/4 43 48-5,8 57-1.8 20-1 8 19-3/4 27 69-1 '8 75-1/2 n. q. 31-3 8 32-3, 4 36 46-5 8 58 57-5 8 31-3/8 3.5-5 8 40-7/8 55-5,8 55-3/4 56 On the whole, the foundations of business are solidifying again. The most noticeable disturbing element remaining is the sullen attitude of many farmers, effecting class organ izations and threatening to blow the lid off unless much of what they want is granted. The daily press speaks small about buyers’ strikes, among the farmers, but they do exist and there is no telling what may come of them. On the other hand, in Time the Des Moines Register and Tribune, leader in the corn belt, with nearly 300,000 circulation daily, stresses the Federal loans to farmers of 40 cents a bushel against their corn (of last summer’s growth), saying that as this money is received it is spent. If so, it is spent for con sumer goods; and if the farm situation is mended by such processes the temper of the farmers will surely improve and widespread noncodperation with the recovery program will be averted. Industry generally in the United States is on the mend, with everything reported most favorably from Montevideo —the Pan American conference—and even the Cuban and the general West Indian situation tending to clear up. In America, it was hard in many cases, impossible in some, to get the bank-deposit guaranty law accepted; now however, October factory employment index, 73.9 against 61.1 in October 1932. Building contracts index, 35 against 29. That industry’s position has improved since these data were gathered is of general report. America is looking about for an industry that will turn the trick in consumer goods like popularization of the automobile turned it 20 years ago. That would start money flowing and Keep it flowing. It is the hope that the new streamlined cars will be the new toys for people to play with. Chrysler has some forward with what he calls airflow cars and patended the name. Truly stream lined cars are so different from all earlier types that if they do catch on it is bound to be in a big way. America, too, still holds high command in the world automobile trade; think with what a popular and radically new auto type would mean, consumption of 25% of all steel manufactured, 54% of all iron, 80.4% of all rubber, 43% of all plate glass, 53% of all leather, 12.3% of all tin, 85% of all gasoline and 57% of all lubricating oil . . . and all these figures for 1932, far below a normal year and with a type of car that was fading out of popularity. Add 34% of all lead produced, 28.8% of all nickel, 11.1% of all copper. Well, if it isn’t the automobile it will be something else: when Americans come into pos session of money again they are going to give themselves a spree; they have been on short rat ions a long time and they have had their fill of what was styled saving, which turned out to he trying to lift yourself by your boot straps. If what is going on now is the first manifestation of a relapse to normalcy, the stocks we have been cherishing are at least as good as we guessed them to be 5 months ago. THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 Philippine Rock Asphalt Offers a New Industry The Philippines use about P400,000 worth of asphalt a year, heretofore nearly all imported In rock asphalt the Philippines have the foundation of a new industry for these islands Injsome.other countries, where the merits of rock asphalt are well known, it is an old industry well approved by practical and economic experience. Rock asphalt was the first asphalt pavement used, some 50 years before substitutes were ever thought of. In a pam phlet recently issued by the Manila Rock Asphalt Company, this statement appears: “Rock asphalt has been in commercial use since 1710, but it was not until about 1832 that it was'used lor pavements. The first asphalt pave ments of which we have any authentic record were laid with rock asphalt Laying Philippine rock asphalt at the Bureau of Printing in Manila in the Rue Berlere in I’oris in 1S5J, and in Threadneedle street in London in 1S69. Rock asphalt was the only type of asphaltic pavement used until Tri nidad Lake asphalt came on the market about 1XX5. Synthetic asphalts, from oil refineries, were not used to any extent until 1X95. Thus rock asphalt was the forerunner of all the asphaltic types of pavement, and has always been given preference when trans portation charges were not excessive. In no in stance has rock asphalt been superceded by any other type of asphalt pavement where quality and durability were the deciding factors." The baggage platforms at the Tondo railway station were laid with rock asphalt from Leyte in 1920. Subject ever since to the most trying wear, they are in prime condition today and have required neither relaying or repair—save patches where steam from engine exhausts cut holes in them. This applies to two of the platforms. The third was paved with synthetic asphalt, and has been relaid twice since it was put down in 1920. Three of the main traffic streets in Cebu are paved with Leyte rock asphalt. Calle Comercio and calle Martires were so paved in 1920, calle Juan Luna in 1925. Calle Comercio has required minor repairs; it is said that the rock asphalt here was mixed with imported asphalt as an experiment. The pavements of Leyte rock asphalt on calle Mdrtires and calle Juan Luna have not required repairs, though subject to the heaviest traffic in Cebu. A new rock asphalt job in Cebu is 2,000 tons of it laid on the reclaimed port area. The district engineer, Fidel Larracas, recommends this rock asphalt particularly for areas of heavy traffic. The illustrations accompanying this comment are of Leyte rock asphalt laid in Manila, with a view of a small portion of the quarry at Vallaba, Leyte. The pavement in the upper view is that laid in September last year on plaza Isabel II, between the Magellan monument and the quay. Iruck traffic incident to the loading and unloading of interislanders is very heavy here. The pavement in the lower picture is being laid at the printing-bureau premises. The process of laying rock asphalt is economical. It is laid cold and then compacted with an ordinary roadroller. This is the whole process, no mixing or heating being involved and no expert supervision being necessary. Rock asphalt, being waterproof, protects road foundations thoroughly and prevents foundation failures. Where foundation failures occur—they are often due to a too scanty use of asphalt—reconstruction is necessary. The whole question in a nutshell is this: what is the cheap est and most serviceable permanent paving, for highways especially? 'Phis leads to discussion of costs. It is claimed that a highway can be made ready for surfacing with rock asphalt at less cost than for surfacing with any other type. If this is so, it is a material saving at the outset. It is illustrated in calle Espana, SIX) meters of which is paved with Leyte •ock asphalt. The waterbound macadam surface, in use for some time, was simply swept clean of loose material and the rock asphalt spread and rolled into place. Those who use calle Espana may observe how well this pavement wears. It is on jthe Manila side of the bridge. The cost of a completed job with Leyte rock asphalt is claimed not to exceed the cost of a completed j<b with imported asphalts. The price of Leyte rock asphalt per ton is P15, about a third of the price of the cheapest imported asphalt per ton: but a thicker coating of the rock asphalt i> recommended and commonly used. Only one company produces Leyte rock asphalt, the one already mentioned. Given steady patronage, this one company would employ 150 men a day. The tax is the sales tax. Such payrolls are none too numerous in the Philippines. Here is a budding industry whose product might turn to domestic channels an outlay of tax money for road material that now leaves the islands. The public works bureau is closely studying this as phalt and working out problems of cost, with out being prepared at the moment to say anything definite on data merely in the process of being assembled. But it is assumed that larger orders would lower the price. February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 The Business Value of the Public Schools The public schools of the Philippines benefit the general business of the islands in ways sometimes lost sight of. Amer icans are not accustomed to schools mainly supported by the central government, schools in America being mainly supported by local taxes: and when the insular government burdens itself, as it now does, with 2/3 of the expense of the schools it is natural that a good many questions as to the use of this be asked. But if this aspect of the situation is laid aside, it can be seen that the schools have considerable business value. Data on school enrollments, costs, etc., insular, provincial and municipal, appear in the box matter accompanying this paper, which will discuss the schools from the viewpoint of American trade with the Philippines. From the lowest grades up, the schools tend to raise living standards among the people. The child sent to school is bought new clothes and given a cen tavo or two to buy something for his lunch. The clothes are cotton, each new garment widens the market for cotton textiles in this country—the best over seas cotton textiles market America enjoys. The lunch is usually something made of wheat flour, a bun or a cooky; and small as each lunch may be, the daily lunches for 1,200,000 girls and boys in school, from children 6 years old to adults in secondary schools and colleges, count measurably toward mak ing the Philippines one of America’s very best flour markets. (The Philippines employ 13 of America’s flour mills throughout the year in making flour for them, and support a large wheat growing community). The clothes-worn by school children must go almost daily to the wash, hence a market for soap and starch; and though the Philippines make both soap and starch, they still buy large quantities of these necessities from the United States. Reference to the box matter will show what the schools cost taxpayers in the Philippines. It isn't a large sum, but it is large for thePhil ippines whose per capita we^flh is in the neighborhood of P25, whose yearly incomes of more than 1*2,000 are only about 20,000 according to income-tax data—an index an exact one. But business deri\W from the schools a remarkable offset to this burden on the taxes. An estimate of average yearly purchases of P30 on account of each pupil and student enrolled in the public schools (and a like sum for the 200,000 enrolled in private schools) has been submitted to many persons and judged to be very conserv ative. If this 5*30 is in fact a just estimate, then the business done in these islands each year, deriving from the schools, comes to the gross sum of P42,000,000. ' It is not by accident that the best-stocked stores in every village are convenient to the schools; or that the best business points in the islands are large school centers; or again, that the best business months during the year are those months during which the schools are in session. Two habits of dress all children acquire in school, the habit of wearing hosiery, the habit of wearing shoes; and not one or two days during the week, but all seven. To this, surely, more than to any other single influence, must be attributed the business supporting shoe factories in the islands, and many stores stocking these shoes and shoes imported from the United States. The factories are markets for American leathers, shoe findings, etc., and the bulk of the business runs on a cash basis. Not only the wearing of shoes, but taste in selection of shoes is taught insensibly by the example of teachers. School athletics, at the bottom of all athletics here, create market for athletic supplies—always for shoes. The superiority of American hosiery recommending it, the schools are a big market for it. The same rule applies to athletic goods, the best is American and the schools prefer the best as cheapest in the long run. Schools being the foundation of the American effort in the Philippines, it is well enough to think twice about them before agreeing with persons unused to free institutions that they are of small benefit to business, or that more bad than good comes of them. Some times it is said they make white-collar men; no doubt they do, but the good side of even this is that they thereby make help plentiful and reduce the cost of it. This has additional conno tations A prime aspect of the trade business gets from the schools is that it is all in consumer goods. It is in things bought and used, and soon used up, and replaced with new things. This keeps money in brisk circulation. It is the very best kind of trade, engaging many small merchants and distributing profit widely—not much of it to be taken out of business, but to be re invested. To reduce the schools’ favor able influence on Philippine-American business to statistical exactness is un feasible. But evidences on every hand are palpable. For instance, at the Manila carnival there has just been a fashion show. A Sunday newspaper in English devotes a four-page display to this show. Its circulation derives directly from the schools. Who sees these pictures, who will buy the fabrics for new frocks in the exhibited styles? Predominantly, girls and young matrons from the schools. And the styles call for goods from the United States, most of all. You will note too that there is a contrast between crowds patro nizing the bazaars, especially the cheap er ones on side streets, and crowds shopping on the Escolta where the better qualities of American goods are sold—on a basis of quality rather than price, in cluding many standard makes of American shoes. Many individuals in the side-street crowds have had small contact with the schools, while shoppers on the Escolta have been to school, or are still going to school, and are fluent in English and readers of the newspapers. This works out graphically in the movies. They are licens ed in different classes, first-run and second-run houses. One recently built on Taft avenue is called the University theater, being patronized by the University of the Philippines students and students from other schools in the vicinity. All the firstrun houses downtown, and the Metropolitan first-run house across the river, exhibiting the better American talkies almost exclusively, fill their cheaper seats and many of their higher priced ones with students. During months when school doesn’t keep, the better pictures are held back until mid June and the opening of the schools. PUBLIC SCHOOLS FACTS (1932 Data) Enrollment.............. Grade I............... Grade II............. Grade III........... Grade IV............ Bovs Girls Totnl % 179^583 117,399 329.982 27.92 137,136 110.273 247.40921.13 112,742 91,547 204,289 17.44 85,015 66,293 151,308 12.94 Total Primary. . .. 514,476 415,512 929,988 79.43 Grndc V.............. 47,847 30,481 78.328 6.69 Grade VI............. 33,470 20,950 54,420 4.65 Grade VII.......... 26,019 15,897 41.916 3.58 Total Interme diate..................... 107.336 67,328 174,664 14.92 Total Elemen tary ......................621,812482,8401,104,65294.35 Secondary Bove Girls Total % First Year. 12,744 6,826 19,570 1.67 Seeorid Year ... . 10,363 5,808 16,171 1.38 Third Year............ 9,344 6.182 15,526 1.33 Fourth Year ... 8,891 5,963 14,854 1.27 Total Secondary. . . 41,312 24.779 66,121 5.65 Comment:—Pupils who reach high school tend to stick if out until graduation: of 4 who enroll in high school. 3 continue into the 4th year. But the 19,570 who enroll in high school arc but Small Enrollment. In September 1932 the totnl public school enrollment was 1.199,981 and the school population was reckoned to bc 3,313,255: out of 100 pupils eligible for enroll ment 36.22 were actually enrolled und 63.78 wore not. But ages of children eligible for school children of primary-school uge arc enrolled, and 1/2 of the children of elementary-school age. It remains however that about 2 children in 3 who ought to be in school are not there, and pupils to the newspaper-reading stage of literacy—u fairly low one necessary perhaps for right citizenship. Cost. In 1931 the cost of public schools was P32,946.086 of which P23.070.261 from insular funds also took cure of the science bureau, nonchrisrinn peoples bureau, the national library-museum and other activities. This was 24.9% of the insular tax revenue of that year. From provinces, there arc 49 of them, came P4.854.633 or 11.36% of their tax revenue, and from towns P5,021,190 or 22.59% of their tax revenue. The schools therefore cost 20.91% of nil tax revenue in the islands during 1931. This is ubout P2.50 per capita of the population, or P27.50 per pupil enrolled. Poy of teachers ranges from an average of P54.54 per month to P179.37, less current deduc tions decreed by the executive branch of the gov ernment to balance the insular budget. 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 Vol. XIV No. 2 hF-2 February 1934 The American Chamber of Commerce O F T H E Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) DIRECTORS ALTERNATE DIRECTORS H. M. Cavender. President L. D. Lockwood K. B. Day. Vice-President E. J. McSorley John L. Headington. Treasurer S. R. Hawthorne J. R. Wilson. Secretary F. H. Hale C. S. Salmon J. C. Rockwell E. M Grimm Paul A. Meyer Verne E. Miller E. E. Selph, Central Counsel COMMITTEES PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE: H. M. Cavender. Chairman' K. B. Day R. C. Bennett J. R. Wilson BANKING COMMITTEE: C. M. Cotterman, Chai-man N. E. Mullen J. R. Lloyd RECEPTION. ENTERTAINMENT HOUSE COMMITTEE E. J. McSorley. Chairman J. R. Wilson LIBRARY COMMITTEE: S. A. Warner, Chairman SHIPPING COMMITTEE: E. M. Grimm. Chairman E. J. McSorley G. P. Bradford E. W Latie INVESTMENT COMMITTEE: H. M. Cavender, Chairman K. B. Day J. L. Headinpton J. C. Rockwell EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE; H. M. Cavender. Chairman K. B. Day J. R. Wilson RELIEF COMMITTEE: J. R. Wilson. Chairman MANUFACTURING COMMITTEE: K. B. Day. Chairman F. H. Hale John Pickett C. A. Kesstler D. P. O'Brien LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE: H. M. Cavender. Chairman K. B. Day L. D. Lockwood E. E. Selph J. R. Wilson FINANCE COMMITTEE: Verne E. Miller. Chairman E. J. Deymek S. R. Hawthorne C. E. Casey FOREIGN TRADE COMMITTEE: H. B. Pond, Chairman E. E. Spellman Kenneth B. Day YOUNGBERG RECOMMENDS Dr. Stanton Youngberg has retired from the public service and is leaving the Philippines to establish himself somewhere in the United States. He came here in August 1907. During 27 years he worked on livestock problems of the Philippines, with eventually much success though the outset was most discouraging. Young berg was the 7th veterinary surgeon the government hired in the United States. He began in the agriculture bureau as a field veterinarian handling a rinderpest epidemic at Batangas. He rose to the. directorship, was made director of animal husbandry when the legislature made two bu reaus out of one, and left this second directorship to become adviser on livestock questions to the governor general, the post from which he leaves the service. In 1914 he be came chief veterinarian at the old aggy bureau. Dr. W. H. Boynton was chief pathologist. These two men evolved the vaccine that made rinderpest surrender its terrors, it has practically disappeared from the 1932 MEAT PRODUCTS IMPORTS Fresh Beef............................... Kilos 1,657,871 Value P400,809.00 Mutton......................... 78,033 27,973.00 Pork.............................. 246,861 116,501.00 Poultry and game. . 103,410 82,473.00 All other fresh meat. . 206,653 81,544.00 Canned Beef............... 394,169 206,412.00 Pork........... 137,847 134,995.00 Sausage..................... 195,418 159,253.00 Soup............................. 79,031 42,465.00 All other canned meat 94,434 61,091.00 Dried, smoked, or cured Bacon........................... 94,093 71,509.00 Ham and shoulder.. .. 784,663 631,710.00 Poultry and game. . .. 15,062 16,130.00 Sausage......................... 219,696 161,839.00 All other dried, smoked and cured meat.... 16,075 13,164.00 Lard.............................. 2,603,591 601,384.00 Lard compounds and other substitutes for lard........................... 42,324 35,404.00 Oleomargarine............. 114,382 68,631.00 All other meat products 62,368 11,990.00 Total....................... ............ P2,925,234.00 islands and a recurrence of virulent epidemics is not to be expected. When Youngberg came here the islands had about 300,000 cattle and carabao left. They now have 10 times that num ber, enough beef for every market and a carabao for every plow. The antirinderpest vaccine is one of the causes for this remarkable revolution in the livestock industry of the islands. But while the breeders now have beef enough to supply the markets, Manila, the main market, on which the industry is dependent for existence, charges 5 centavos a kilogram for use of its slaughterhouse, where the city ordains all beef for its markets shall be killed, and thereby corrupts a license tax into a tax yielding high revenue. It has been testified that the yearly cost of operating the slaughterhouse is about P50,000, while the charges paid by cattlemen and hog-raisers for use of it run to 1*500,000 a year; in other words, spending Fl the city gets back P10 and either the producer or the consumer, perhaps both together, pay the extra P9 in every F10. “The time has now arrived,” Youngberg asserts in his final report, “when the question of slaughterhouses and slaughter fees should be approached from the angle of the benefit they may give the livestock industry. ... A new location should be carefully chosen on which a slaughterhouse and stockyards adequate for at least the next century could be constructed. All this might cost anywhere from Pl,500,000 to P2,000,000, but even with the income that would be produced from a slaughter fee of 3 centavos per kilogram,, the expenses of construction and installation could be entirely re paid in less than 10 years. At the end of that time the fees charged could be still further reduced with consequent be nefit to the cattle industry and the consuming public.” This is categorical. But here is more of practically equal significance: “The surplus revenue that may be obtained from the opera tion of the abattoir should, in my estimation, be employed fortheimprovementof the livestock industry of the country . . . A special fund made available for the development of the live stock industry, and properly managed, could work wonders ■ in the next quarter of a century. Something of that nature will have to be provided if the little man is to benefit equally with the big one. “At the present time, due to absolute lack of facilities for the proper utilization of beef of inferior quality, the meat from all healthy cattle slaughtered is allowed to be sold in the public markets. This is greatly to the disadvantage of the better class of beef, as inferior qualities that would never be allowed to go on the market as fresh beef in other countries are an im«it factor in fixing the local At the present time, the inspection system conducted : Bureau of Animal Husbandry must^wiecessity concern itself only withMBsease conditions. (This it doeMwell.—Ed.) It does not concernTtself with the classification of the beef as regards the important factor of quality and nutritive value. This condition will, in my opinion, continue to prevail until we have a slaughterhouse properly equipped to take care of inferior carcasses and so prevent them from going on the market as fresh beef.” Youngberg has another deep con viction, and this is the time to bring it out. He believes that rinderpest, no longer epidemic, and so little endemic that it amounts to sporadic cases only, should be pursued until eradicated from the islands before much emphasis is given to improve ment of the breeds of herds. But that rinderpest once rid of, then February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 both beef types and dairy types can be fixed here. Recent introduction of grasses far more succulent than those that have grown heretofore in the islands holds out much hope both for breeders and dairymen. Two such grasses were shown at the carnival. Both grow well here and ought to be spread by every means the government can lend the cattle men and they can exert on their own account. How to get cattle to Manila from southern Mindanao pas tures, where they are loaded in sleek condition for market, is a problem for more remote solution. But cattlemen will certainly welcome the relief from the exorbitant branding tax they expect from the present administration and the next legislature. This too is a license tax, like the city slaughter house fee. Youngberg cites against the fee the principle of law that a license tax is legally one that slightly more than covers the cost of the public service rendered in connection with it. Now the cattle registration fee, designed to accom pany branding and facilitate a census of cattle, is Pl and therefore much higher than the cost of the service rendered. It is in fact so high that it is not commonly paid at all until cattle are sold or slaughtered: instead of being a nominal license fee it is an important revenue tax imposed upon breeders developing in the islands a basic domestic industry in a neces sary food supply. It ought to be cut to about 20 centavos and we hope the government will do so. COMMERCIAL FOOTNOTE The Philippines sell overseas about 4 portions out of 5 of all they produce, about 3.2 portions out of the 4 are sold in the United States. Their overseas sales last year came to P191,000,000. Taking away the trade privileges they enjoy in the United States, a tariff advantage alone of P109,000,000, they would have had from their overseas trade last year 1*63,000,000; they would have had 30% of what they actually got out of this trade. FACING THE QUOTA The Philippines count greatly on getting their 1933-1934 sugar sold in the United States before a quota applies. The crop will be around 1,500,000 short tons, there will be some 1,300,000 short tons for sale in the United States. This sugar is being shipped and sold all the time. The milling season, also the shipping season, is more than half over and the market is still unlimited (February 13). The sugar market is rising slightly. The local equivalent of the season’s average New York price may be around F107.50 a short ton, about 14-1/3 piculs. This would be P139,750,000 for the 1,300,000 short tons to be sold. The tariff advantage in this sum, the Cubancrop duty of 4 centavos a pound not paid by the Philippines, is F104,000,000. The actual local equivalent of what the Philippines get for their sugar this year in the United States (if no quota applies), above the tariff, will be about P35,000,000. The quota basis for sugar in the American market that President Roosevelt seems to favor would exclude 300,000 short tons of this season’s crop; caught by the quota, this sugar will have to be warehoused. Attempts to limit Philippine production of sugar have failed. The independence bill that would have limited dutyfree sugar to 850,000 long tons was not accepted. In face of such circumstances, and the obvious disaster that would overtake the industry if American duties or limitation were drastically applied—as at any time they may be—Governor General Frank Murphy is assuming the responsibility of as sisting the industry in reaching agreement on voluntary limi tation. It is observable in President Roosevelt’s quota plan that both beet and cane sugar of domestic production are to be limited. Thi6 can hardly mean less than that the Philippines too must limit, and much will be gained by showing goodwill about it. To this end Governor Murphy has certainly ap pointed a competent committee: His Excellency, chairman; Jorge B. Vargas, Miguel J. Elizalde, Wenceslao Trinidad, E. S. Heyward, Amando Avancena, Eduardo A. Barretto, Julio Ledesma, Dr. Virgilio Gonzales, Ramon Torres and Joseph E. Mills, members. Philippine Overseas Trade—December, 1933 Summary of official statistics on Philippine exports and imports fur nished to the American Trade Commissioner, Manila, by the Bureau of Customs. Prepared by E. D. Hester, American Trade Commissioner, 410 Heacock Building, Manila. Dre. t.93’ 1,299,744 1,375.222 The value of exports in December, exclusive of gold, was 1*22,669,705, compared with 1*22,869,022 in December, 1932. Imports were 1*12,301,891 as against 1*10,917,902. The resulting visible balance was nearly a million and a half pesos below the figure for last year, 1*10,367,814 as compared with 1*11,951,120. Total. 1.027.717 606,529 366,108 445,935 351,347 114,757 5, Total for twelve months 19.1.1 1932 17,891.509 19,977.574 18,897,390 20,860,713 12,260,261 12.662,530 7,322,467 8,128,254 5,446,664 6,623,963 4,770.990 4,903.878 4,860,537 5,529,333 1,793.447 1,818.559 76,229,095 78.285,366 12,301.891 10,917.902 149,472.360 158.790,170 Trade with principal countries was: United Statee:(a) Exports to . Balance.. .1 apan: Exports to . . Imports from. Balance. 1333 iy.« P 19,076.597 P20,707.641 6,777.387 7,021,525 + P12.299.21O +P13.686.U6 The value, in pesos, of the principal exports for December and the cumu lative comparison for twelve months :(b) Coconut oil Copra........ Copra cake . Cigars.......... Total for twelve month) 193.3 1932 13,747,719 10,031,204 128,567,931 119.603,769 18,339,045 15,302,287 17.912,057 10.266,454 2,114.027 2.107.333 6,315.911 6,402.436 3,685,105 5,644,460 20,859,710 21,258,212 China: Exports to............ Imports from....... Balance.. Great Britain: Exports to.......... Imports from. Totnl. Detailed imports of automotive goods for December, 1933: t’nited Stutcs.......................................... Italy .............. As is customarily the case, the substantial gains in trade with the United States wiped off the losses from Oriental maraets, especially with Japan and China, and left a heavy reserve in favor of the Philippine Islands. The loss in trade with Japan was more than two and a half times the loss for December, 1932. The value, in pesos, of the principal imports for December and the cumu lative comparison for twelve months '.(b) Totnl.......... Trucks: United States and totnl. . (а) Includes Hawaii. Guam and Puerto Rico. (б) Twelve months’ figures for 1933 are subject to revision n the Bureau of Customs 105.784 1,975 4 1,362 152 59 1.794 178 Total............................................................................................................. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 1933 Gold Production in Philippines Below 1932 New mills will count in this year's output, while new fields are being steadily explored P. I. Gold Bullion Exports 1932 and 1933 Month 1932 1933 Ounces I Value Ounces Value Jan. to June.......... 204,136 P4,616,777 213,533 1*4,824 369 July....................... 35,855 825,629 34,173 801,230 August................... 38,192 892,254 39,527 902,056 Sept....................... 40,087 893,290 34^74 SOO/iOl Oct......................... 38,089 896,474 31.399 712,710 Nov....................... 20,837 489,654 38,069 867,029 Dec......................... 61,876 1,448,914 33,455 787,276 The Year.............. 439,072 10,062,992 425,030 9,695,171 Custi>ins Data Here is the table bringing the comparison of Philippine gold bullion exports for 1932 and 1933 down to the end of December. The data arc from the customs records. Shipments arc by registered mail, the customs records arc com pilations of the invoices. Values are the stand ard value of $20.67 per fine ounce. Note that 14,042 more ounces of gold bullion were exported from the islands during 1932 than during 1933. Note that the value ot gold bullion exported from the islands during 1933 fell short of that for 1932 bv 1*367,821. Bullion varies in purity. The average value of bullion exported during 1932 was 1*22.92 an ounce, and 1*22.SI an ounce during 1933. The two big companies shipped 404,623.5 ounces of gold bullion during 1933. All other pro ducers shipped a total of 20,406.5 ounces. There is evident a discrepancy between the pother heard on the street about gold and the actual yield of that metal. It is during this year, as it was not in last year, that the output of new mills will be visible in gold exports; and if bonanza placers are to come into activity, they too will help make 1934 a better gold year than the share-booming year of 1933. The boom is largely over and the industry set tling down to a more substantial basis. About the time this comment reaches the reader the 150-ton mill at Ipo will be in daily operation, the third of about this capacity recently added to the mechanical set-up of the industry in the Philippines, and the first in the new Angat field. Ore in abundance for the operation of this mill is reported. The Harden-Highsmith suit to quash Bcnguet's ownership of 600,000 shares (now 1,200,000) of Balatocs stock, that failed in the Philip pine courts, did oiot prosper at Washington. No constitutional question was involved and therefore the federal supreme court denied the ap plication for a writ of certiorari. The two mines will remain under the same management. The market reaction was naturally favorable. Benguet’s holdings of Balatocs have a current market value of P34,800,000 at the quotation listed in our table, taken off the broker’s board February 7. The remaining 800,000 Balatocs were t hen worth 1*23,200,000; the whole issue, 1*58,000,000. Benguet itself, having 2 million shares, has a current market value of approximately P60,000,000. If 1933 did nothing else, it did add magni ficent book values to all earning mining shares. But it did more, and a better thing, it evoked a general interest in mining undertakings; and this was accompanied by a flurry of rank speculation that was, all things con sidered, remarkably brief. There is, however, talk in the market that gold will do for the islands what some of the major farm industries have done, industries now threatened with loss or curtailment of their market in the United States. Gold will not, of course, reach the economic proportions of any major farm crop. The present output hardly exceeds the value of the tobacco crop; one sugar crop equals 10 years’ gold output, the co conut crop 4 years’ gold output. There is also no comparison in the labor employed and the distribution of the proceeds. No, mining doesn’t sub stitute farming; the most that may be said is that mining, thoroughly de veloped here, might, ease the hurt very materially if one of our main crops met disaster. A. V. II. Hartendorp, writing in the Philippine Ma gnzine, of which he is the editor and publisher, says: “The richness of the Philippines, called ‘The Land of Gold’ by the early Chinese, follows naturally from the fact that the archipelago is a part of the great ore belt which encircles the Pacific ocean and can be t raced from South America, through Mexico, western United States, Alaska, Japan, Formosa, the Philippines, and lhe Malayan archipelago. The ore belt follows the lines of tectonic igneous activity.” The up-stage words seem to mean, a time of old when fluid minerals at high heat burst through surface faults and cooled into mineral deposits. There seems to have been a series of these upheavals. They made the Philippine mineral zone, now for the first time undergoing extensive exploration. Precise knowledge about this zone doesn't exist.. But it is current news that exploration in the Montalban and Antipolo districts is underway. 'Phis is an aftermath of the Ipo and Salacot dis coveries. Northward of those properties, too, and eastward and westward as well, staking and exploring follow the prospector, whose number has become legion. There are always pending at the government’s assay office around 100 ore samples, making reports on them two weeks de layed—what could show more effectively the activity of prospectors and of explorations on new projects? This journal has on one or two former oc casions invited attention to possibilities in the baser metals found in the Philippines. As gold is often enough found in combination with iron here, and the iron may be marketable while the gold may be too scanty to recover profitably, it might pay to have an eye on the lesser chance: to work the iron and neglect the gold. Thus an iron deposit in Bulakan is being profit ably exploited, though in a very crude way, and a project in Cebu has begun producing pigiron. 'Phen there is manganese, which would go free of duty into the United States where the tariff on foreign manganese is 1 cent a pound, a rate designed to be prohibitive. America uses about 600,000 tons of this mat erial a year and is unable to make her own deposits produce it. The price of manganese is about 1*40 a ton. Some deposits in the Philippines are known. There may be other important ones. Prices for chromite, which also may be more widely procurable in the Philippines than at first thought, have been ascertained for the benefit of our readers. Ore 50% chromite and less than 15% iron brings about $20 to $21 a ton. Ore not below 47% chromite, but less than 50%, brings about $17 to $18 a ton if the iron content is below 14%. Ores lower than these in chromite have little sale, they are too abundant. Freight [rates to the United States on such commodities would be fairly low. 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 No Business Can Escape Change (From “Nation’s Business”) A new, speedy fire extinguishing method utilizes a dry chem ical propelled by a gas, both the powder and propellant being extinguishing agents. Efficient on gas, oil, electrical and other fires, the new system is said to cause no chemical or water damage, is approved by the Underwriters’ Labora tories. . . . A low-voltage secondary network cable has been developed which is self-clearing—faults burn clear quickly, the insulation producing no smoke, inflammable, explosive or toxic gases. . . A new, small, portable X-ray set operates from an ordinary light socket, can be used for making films of the human body, fluoroscopic examinations of parts of not too great an opacity, packages, etc. A layman can operate it in perfect safety, it is said. . . . Collections made by truck drivers and others are protected by a new steel money box which bolts to the car body. Drivers can’t open it, keys being retained at the office. Money is dropped through a slot in the box as collected. . . . A combination hanger and wall outlet for electric clocks has been devised. Recessed in the wall behind the clock, it does away with visible wiring. . . . Double-hung windows are closed automatically when it rains by a new device embodying springs which are released when rain strikes a blotter-like paper link attached to the sill. . . . NEW processes and products are of constant interest to the wise manufacturer. Uncertain ty may rule the present, but the future, he knows, holds the certainty of change hydraulic power for direct operation of presses and other hydraulically actuated machines is now available. It’s said to offer speedier operation, to incorporate a new form of automatic control. . . . Thefts of gas are combatted through a new meter coupling housing and seal. Meters cannot be disconnected without breaking the seal nor be tilted without leaving a tell-tale signal. . . . An automobile battery of new design is entirely encased (including formerly exposed metal parts) in a hard-rubber protect ive cover. It is serviced without removing this cover.... A new, low-priced, burglar-resistant auxiliary lock for rear and side doors has only three units (inside knob, bolt, five-disc tumbler), requires boring of but two major holes to install. . . . Insect infestation of certain food products is combatted by a new fumigating gas, said to be nonpoisonous, noninflammable, odorless, colorless, and to affect neither taste nor appearance of foods. . . . Serving as cultivator, hoe, lawn edger, pulverizer, etc., a new multi-purpose garden tool has a serrated pointed blade, ends of which are curved upward. Fixed to a handle, the blade rests flat on the ground, is operated by pushing. .. Flexible, handy, a new travelling ease holds suits, dresses on hangers, has pockets for other articles, slide fastener, hangs full length (36 inches) in auto or berth, or folds for easy carrying. . . . A new hat box utilizes transparent, cellulose to protect the contents against moths, moisture, dust. The lining is an integral part of the box. . . . There’s a new form-fitting bed pil low; it has a rounded indentation in one side to fit the sleeper’s shoulder. . . . Warp yams in a new fabric are made from a treated, folded cellulose film: filling yarns from the same film, or rayon or cotton. It can be dry cleaned or laundered, it’s said, can be used for draperies, upholstery, spreads, etc. . . . A new, simple airplane direction finder utilizes any broad casting station as a compass. A Chicago-bound pilot merely tunes in a Chicago station and a needle' on a dial points to zero as long as he is on his course, swings right or left when he strays. . . . A soluble preparation embodying sodium metaphosphate, developed for laundry use*, is said to soften water without precipitation, to dissolve* “lime* soaps,” restoring their sudsing properties and permitting their removal as a part of the* washing formula. . . . A compact, self-contained electrically driven source of Fruit proteclion by means of lights which electrocute insect pests is being tried. Orchardists, electric companies may benefit Sandpaper, other coated abrasives are saiel to be given 20 to 60 per cent added efficiency by a new electrocoating process which embeds the* abrasive particles uniformly, firmly, points up. . . . Compact offset lithographic equip ment. for office use* is now available. It’s saiel te> save* time* anel money in issuing business forms, drawings, charts, advertising reprints, sales messages, etc. . . . A bond paper for typewriting is offered which permits quick erasures with an ordinary pencil eraser. After a few days, characters typeel on it become* as in delible* as on any other paper. . . . Umbrellas made* entirely of water proofed paper—handles, ribs and all— will se>e>n be* on the* market. Costing only a few cents, they’ll reduce the over head of leneling umbrellas te) friends. . . . There’s a new revolving lawn sprinkler which distributes water over a square* (three* te) 36 feet across) insteaei of a circle*. . . . Motorists will soon be* able* to enjoy clean, cocl air however hot the weather. An attachment for autos which filters, cools (or warms) the air is scheduleel te) be on the market in about two months. . . . —Paul H. Hayward Editor's Note—Material for this page is gathered from the many sources to which Nation’s Business has access and from the) flow of business information inte) our offices in Wash ington. Further information on any of these items can be had by writing to Nation’s Business. February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 THE NEW FISHING HOLE tuna upon hasahasa, and after the tuna, sharks. Any scientific capitulation of knowledge about plankton in Philippine waters would tell much about the habits of our fish. The beginning must be with the plankton. (Japanese have observed it more than any other fishermen, they have a more extensive knowledge of Philippine fishing than anyone else). People often regret the fact that the Philip pines import large quantities of sardines, while their own abundant sources of sardines are not exploited much. We do import large quantities of California sardines, the pilchard. There is a reason. In fact, two reasons. First, California compels the packing of a certain portion of the sardine catch; if this were not so, the whole catch would be put through reduction, made into oil, fertilizer and meal, for the real profit of the industry is in reduction. But since a portion of the catch must be canned, it is canned ac cordingly and sold for what it will bring. The aim is to get back the cost and comply with the law. The Philippine Packing Corporation operating in Mindanao waters has succeeded in packing and shipping a good deal of Philippine tuna. But this tuna cunning industry and all other branches of modern fishing in the Philippines confront problems unique to the islands, says Dr. Wallace Adams, our fisheries expert. What goes in tuna fishing on the California coast, for example, doesn’t succeed so well here. On the California coast the tuna are hungry after a long migration across the Pacific. You lay out your seine, throw out chum for bait—chum being bait fish, some dead, some alive—and the tuna go after the chum ravenously and your seine gathers them in by boatloads; or you use hooks and lines, attracting with chum, and get similar lucrative results. But this fails <n the Philippines, or at best it succeeds indifferently. Here the tuna have not had a long journey on scant rations; they are not hungry, but fat and wary. It is hard to mani pulate seines fast enough to make large hauls. Go after them with hook and line and you have equally new lessons to learn: you have to forget what you know about California fishing and learn new tricks for it here, for your tuna here prefer live schools of provender to scamper after to anything you offer by way of bait. Purse seineing goes well on the California coast. This is a deep-water seine that closes at the bottom with a draw-rope, like a purse closes with a string. You bait the tuna to attract them to a central point. Then you lay out your purse seine, surrounding the tuna school with it and letting it sink around them; and then you apply power from your boats and draw the seine together. Now you are supposed, by all orthodox rules, to nave the tuna in your seine. But in the Philippines they are found not to be in the seine. They have sounded; that is, they nave dived deep and swum out of reach of the seine. On the California coast, tuna don't act this way; they are hungry, and go after the bait while you close in on them with your purse seine. More fundamental facts are also still unknown about our tuna. One is the cycle of their abun dant appearance in these waters. These cycles usually run in multiples of 3 years. Fish will be plentiful one year, fewer the next and the next ] after after, plentiful again the third year after. Or this plentifulness may occur only every six years; but there are other cycles, sometimes of 2 years. What the tuna cycle here may be is not known. Tuna were abundant in Mindanao waters during 1032, less abundant in 1033, and what 1934 may turn up in tuna is anybody's guess. It is just such conditions that our fisheries experts have always wanted a fishing boat for. They have wanted to observe the habits of fish in our waters scientifically, and especially to study che plankton. Plankton is the microscopic marine life upon which small fish feed; larger fish feed upon the.se smaller ones: in Darvel bay on the east coast of Borneo Dr. Adams himself observed this se quence—silversides feeding upon plankton, hasahasa feeding upon silversides, skipjacks and But California sardines would not be so cheap and plentiful were it not for the nature of the pilchard itself. Besides being a large sardine, the pilchard is easily scaled. Pick him up and shake him and his scales drop in a heap. In canneries, the scaling apparatus for pilchards is very simple. To this the Philippine sardine presents a contrast. Its scales are hard to remove, each sardine must be scaled by hand. Unless new methods are devised for scaling our sardines, we shall never can them in large quantities as a food staple such as the California sardine is. However, our sardines are of excellent savor and of a size suitable for the specialty trade. There is a possibility that they will compete with the fancy packs of Spain, France, Norway and other countries whose sardines sell on quality rather than one price. This is about all our sardine offers, outside the markets where it is caught, until some special method of scaling it serves to lower the cost of canning it. And as in the case of tuna, we don’t know accurately the habits of our sardines in our waters. All in all, the first commercial opportunity lies, Dr. Adams thinks, in packing our sardines as a food speciality, a new delicacy for exotic palates. THE MANILA HOTEL LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management — HUBERT C. ANDERSON IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 14th Annual Meeting Hears President Cavender’s Report New directors chosen at the well attended 14th annual meeting of the chamber of commerce Friday, January 26, are John R. Wilson and President and General Manager Verne E. Miller of the Philippine Education Co., Inc. Director P. A. Meyer was reelected. Directors Wilson and Miller succeed Ix>o K. Cotterman and W. L. Applegate, former directors. 'Phe following alternate directors were elected: L. D. Lockwood, Manila lawyer and president of the Pampanga Bus Company, Inc.; F. IE Hale, president and general manager of the Hale Shoe Company, Inc.; E. J. McSorley, of the International liarvest er Company of Phil ippines; and S. R. Hawthorne, president and general manager of the Hamilton Brown Shoe Company, Inc. In their meeting following the annual meeting of members, the directors reelected Director H. M. Cavender to the presidency of the chamber of commerce, and Director Kenneth B. Day to succeed C. S. Salmon as vice-president, while Director John L. Headington was reelected treasurer and Director Wilson secretary. Addressing the annual meeting of members, President Cavender said in part: "There were many new bills presented in the Legislature which, if same had been approved, would have seriously affected many lines of busi ness, however, as well known, the presiding officers of the two branches of the Legislature closed the session promptly at 12 o’clock mid night the last day. 'Phis action left hundreds of bills that were not approved by both houses. Of those approved there were only about eight HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99.8',t pure WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops. ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5* c pure r'BATTERIES ' Prest-O-Litc !■ Electric Stor age Batteries Philippine Acetylene Co. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO MANILA, P. I. in which the Chamber, on behalf of its members, was seriously interested. Six of the Bills in question being: Senate Hill 317, creating a Board and making arbitration of strikes and lockouts upon both employer and laborer; Senate Hill 318, to give the Insular Treasurer supervision over persons and companies selling speculative securities; Senate Hill 374, Sugar Limitation Bill; House Hill 2.983, exempting from the Sales Tax products sold on the Boards of Trade; House Hill 3137, authorizing the collection of berthing fees from foreign and coastwise steamers; House Hill 3334, amending the Corporation Law. “These bills were vetoed by His Excellency, the Governor-General. There were two Bills, however, that passed the legislature and were approved by the Governor-General that vitally affect business interests. “The first of these bills is Senate Bill 155, to regulate the sale of chattels by installment. The second was House Bill 3100, establishing an eight hour working day for certain classes of laborers. Strenuous efforts were exerted by your Board of Directors to secure a veto of both these measure but to no avail. The results of both of these bills arc yet to be seen. “The restriction of installment sales will vitally affect many of the business establishments of the Islands and, while it may be true there were some abuses under the former system of sales bv installments, still it is believed that new terms and conditions that might be imposed will prove very onerous to both sellers and pur chasers in many instances. “The Eight Hour Law becomes effective March 1st, 1934, and it is the firm belief of the Director ate of this Chamber that it will cause as much dissatisfaction among laborers as it will among employers. It is known that many firms whose laborers now work nine or more hours daily will naturally reduce the pay of the laborers at a rate which the eight hour day demands. Re ports have been received which show that some small industries will be forced to make drastic reductions in tlu-ir former wages paid laborers or go out of business, 'l’he law, however, if conscientiously administered may not prove nrejudical to the majority of employers of labor out there are possibilities in its interpretation, if administered by persons disposed to harp on technicalities may make it a very onerous meas ure to industry in general. Already our Secre tary has asked the Office of the Governor-General for a definition of the word “laborers”. A reply was received to the effect that the definition of laborers is set forth in the Laborer’s Compen sation Act and undoubtedly this will govern under the Eight Hour Bill. CHARTERED BANK OF INADiAn’chuintaralia Capital and Reserve Fund......................................... £6,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietors............................... 3,000,000 MANILA BRANCH ESTABLISHED 1872 SUB-BRANCHES AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States. French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. C. E. STEWART. Manager, Manila. Il’orfc with Other Chambers: “There were four meetings of the Joint Com mittee of the Manila Chambers of Commerce during the year and it acted on matters which affect the business community. Changes in Membership: “During the year there has been considerable activity in the matter of strengthening our membership, both Active and Associate. There were six Active Memberships transferred from the Dormant list and seven Associate Members were admitted to membership. It is believed that ns time goes on there will be more persons and entities desiring to join our Chamber. Chamber of Commerce Journal: “The activities of the Journal have been carried on as usual. There has been some falling off in both advertising and subscriptions but no thing to an alarming degree. Charity Work: “The calls on the Chamber for assistance have considerably increased during the past year. This was due to a great extent in the reduction and, in many cases, cancellation of pensions to War Veterans. “We still have some professional panhandlers bothering us who don’t want work and are content to go from office to office and house to house begging for money. The Secretary has issued warnings to members requesting them to send all persons soliciting funds to the Chamber where same will be investigated and acted upon. “Every transport sailing from Manila carries a quota of indigents. The Chamber has paid the subsistence cost for more than a dozen persons sent away on the transport during the last year. General Conditions: “As everyone knows there, has been political turmoil raging in the Philippine Islands during the entire year. The Hawes-Cutting Bill was not accepted by the Philippine Legislature and it expired on the 17th of tnis month. The con sequences are that political conditions arc just as upset now as they were a year ago. This turmoil is injurious to business. No definite plans can be made for the future either by our merchants or those interested in the develop ment of natural resources. Our products, with the exception of sugar, arc selling at extremely low prices. Hemp is low and copra the lowest it has been in years. In fact in many instances, producers of these articles refuse to harvest their crops as the expense of getting the produce to market is greater than the price that can be realized on same. “It is believed that there was a general im-prove ment in commercial lines during the past year over the conditions of 1932, however, our im ports of merchandise have greatly decreased. Our products are threatened by proposed legis lation and administrative action in the United States. “There arc movements on foot among the producers and manufacturers of the United States to limit the amount of sugar, cordage, coconut and tobacco products that may enter the United States free of duty. If any of these movements become effective they will directly affect our business in an adverse way. It is thought that this Chamber should maintain an aggressive policy in the matter of opposing inimical measures now being considered in Washington.” IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 Attractive Philippine Homes . . . (.Continued from page 6) are beyond his purse. We recently saw a reception room walled with calantas, one of these very woods. The wood was as burled as a Scotchman’s brogue, it of course made a beautiful wall wood. Anyone intending to build a home could do no better than to consult the forestry bureau about woods and choose such as would, within the sum planned to be laid out, serve his purposes best. The present is a time when even the hardwoods can be bought at great bargains. Which reminds us to say, now is a good time to buy hardwoods against a time in the future when you may wish to build. For hard woods keep, and stacking hardwood boards away to season only makes them the more fit to utilize when you want them. If you want hardwood floors, as who does not, it is better to buy the lumber and season it at least a year before you plan to lay it. Which completes what this magazine has to say on its own account about more intelligent home building in the Philippines, trying to develop a home architecture fitting to this climate. But further suggestions on the subject will be welcome from our readers. Why not keep the dis cussion going until something practical comes of it. In particular, we should like to hear from architects. RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By M. D. Royer Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company The volume of commodities received in Manila during the month of January, 1934, via the Manila Railroad are as follows: Rice, cavanes.............................. 225,894 Sugar, picul................................. 1,059,731 Copra, picul................................ 94,008 Desiccated Coconut, cases........ 7,406 Tobacco, bales............................ 348 Lumber and Timber, Bd. Ft. . 572,400 The freight revenue car loading statistics for four weeks beginning December 23, 1933 and ending January 13, 1934 as compared with the same period for the year 1932-33 are given below: Glancing of Our Coconut . . . (Continued from page 6) it does not hold out the hope that products of our coconut industry will much longer enjoy an unlimited duty-free market in the United States, unless the whole question is ironed out soon for intelligent action by congress. This industry is one whose perilous market situation strofigly recommends itself to unbiased study by a joint PhilippincAmerican economic commission; to the end that when re gulation does come it will be supportable, based upon the reciprocal advantages of Philippine-American trade. FREIGHT REVENUE CAR LOADING COMMODITIES NUMBER OF FREIGHTCARS FREIGHT TONNAGE Increase or Decrease 1933-34 1932-33 1933-34 1932-33 Cars Tonnage Rice 833 591 9,372 6,343 242 3,029 I’alav............................. 146 138 1,534 1,494 8 40 Sugar............................. 1,698 1,371 47,447 39,746 327 7,701 Sugar Cane................... 11,292 9,985 209,399 189,071 1,307 20,328 Copra........ 519 644 4,311 4,803 (125) (492) Coconuts....................... 40 43 424 309 (3) 115 Molasses....................... 266 106 8,260 2,939 160) 5,321 11 48 64 (6) (16) T obacco....... 1 4 6 20 (3) (14) Livestock...................... 6 11 28 55 (5) (27) Mineral Products........ 281 286 3,622 3,701 (5) (79) Lumber and Timber. .. 138 119 3,712 3,773 (ID (61) Other Forest Products.. 4 3 47 16 1 31 Manufactures............... 115 98 1,329 1,085 17 244 All others including LCL 2,580 2,895 16,195 21,624 (315) (5,429) Total..................... 17,924 16,335 305,734 275,043 1 1,589 30,691 SUMMARY Week ending Saturday, December 23, 1933. .. 4,647 4,687 79,229 77,109 (40) 2,120 Week ending Saturday, December 30, 1933. .. 3,519 2,695 57,971 44,301 S24 13,670 Week ending Saturday, January 6, 1934......... 4,325 4,300 73,298 72,974 25 324 Week ending Saturday, January 13, 1934 .... ,5433 4,653 95,236 80,659 780 14,577 Total..................... 17,924 16,335 305,734 275,043 1,589 30,691 Note: Figures in parenthesis indicate decrease. The Kindley Reports On Cotabato In the education bureau’s records is one curious batch of reports from an invincible humorist, George C. Kindley, who was, 15 years ago, the bureau’s school inspector and supervising teacher in one of the more primitive sections of the Mindanao wilderness where farm schools for pagan boys were being es tablished. Excerpts from Kindley's inimitable reports are very diverting. At Maramag, for example, he had a teacher named Aniceto Ykat. Traveling to see him on a Sunday, he found him spending the day with some of his patrons whose house was 30 feet up a tree in a small and handly accessible clearing. “His friends were doing work in the higher branches. . . the ease and dexterity with which he scaled down that 30-feet bamboo pole suggest ed he is probably the proper man for that settle ment.” At Maramag, Kindley found “everything up to the ta6te of even North H. Foreman"; who was a fastidious bachelor then master of the bureau’s division under which Kindley worked. From Maramag the party pushed on to Dumolog. “In this small clearing of less than 8 hectares were 12 very primitive sheds and houses, a teacher’s house and a house for school that goes under the name of municipal building. Here the flourishing school had for pupils 21 Manobos, 2 Bukidnons, 2 Mohammedans and 7 nondescripts seated in a single row around the room, some well clothed, while “others as long a hoe handle were as naked as the stork landed them in the settlement." The teacher explained the absence of girls, “they had no clothes.” Kindley asked the teacher to ex plain tp the parents that in the clamor for edu cationclothing was not a sine qua non in Dumolog; it was as far away as the third stem among civilized people; in fact it had almost disappeared along the coast of the United States, and that “we would be glad to have the girls come to school robed just as their brothers were.” When school dismissed that afternoon in Dumolog, the village headman divested him self of his Sunday shirt and donned a banana leaf in which he made an official call on Kindley. It was a custom to give food to strangers, so many villagers sanctioned the custom that Kin'dley soon had around him rice, chickens, eggs and fruits enough to ration a regiment. But it was his custom, and a bureau regulation, to pay for what he got; he chose what he wanted, paid for it, and returned most of the gifts with thanks for the villagers’ sincere and practical hospitality. Tlie Christian teacher here, “in this most primitive settlement where a school has been established,” had been there less than 2 months, but in that time had cleared 2 hectares of land, a hectare being 2)4 acres, and had planted part of it the second time, deer having destroyed the first planting. It had cost P72 to deliver classroom equipment, books and carpenter’s tools to Dumolog from Kindley’s station at Malaybalay, would cost 1*40 more to deliver garden tools there. Lace, tatting and teneriff were then stressed as needlework for girls; at Dumolog, Kindley supposed, “the entire (Please turn to page 26) 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By Kenneth B. Day and Leo Schnurmacher As is to be expected at this time of year, copra arrivals in January were very much lower than those in any of the previous six months. This combined with a fair amount of optimism on the part of buyers would normally have resulted in increased business at better prices and the tendency was actually in this direction until political developments in the United States entirely upset our calculations, resulting once more in a stagnant and depressed market. Copra: On January 1st copra was steady at P4.00 per hundred kilos resecada. Light arrivals gradually firmed up the market to a point where buyers were willing to pay in cases up to P4.30 with provincial prices on an even cream milk. Do nof neglect this cardinal rule of health. Make sure that your diet includes a liberal and regular allowance of .BEAR BRAND" Natural Swiss Milk, sent to you fresh from the rich mountain pastures of Switzerland. BEAR BRAND NATURAL SWISS MILK 2 higher scale. Export markets were particularly good, and we know of sales made which would net dealers here over 1*4.50. This continued until about the 26th of the month when a proposal was made in the House of Repre sentatives in Washington to place a duty of 5 cents per pound on all coconut oil, either in the form of copra or oil itself, put into con sumption in the United States. This imme diately caused American buyers to withdraw and while the mills here continued to buy to protect their customers, the marxet sagged off and was weak at P4.10 at the end of the month. Arrivals in Manila during January totaled 224,680 sacKs and in Cebu 206,216 sacks. Both of these figures are approximately 60% of December totals and while Cebu receipts are (>,000 bags in excess of 1933, Manila ran behind nearly 18,000 sacks. The prospects were, however, that February arrivals would pick up and actually exceed 1933 deliveries. H i Pacific Coast buyers were considerably in terested in early shipment during the first half of the month. While the highest quotation available was 1.37-1/2 cents per pound, business was possible on direct shipments from outports and a fair volume was done out of Cebu as well. As soon as the excise tax came into the picture, buyers immediately withdrew and while no minal quotations of 1.30 cents were available at the end of the month there was little if any business passing. The European copra marxet kept very well in line with the American market. European quotations at the beginning of the month were as high as .£7.13.9 for F.NLM. c.i.f. European ports. This figure declined until at the end of the month buyers could not be found over £7.7.6. The reasons for this decline were first—the strengthening of the dollar in foreign exchange and with it the peso, second—im port prohibitions placed on copra by the Spanish government, together with the threat of similar prohibitions by the French government and third—at the very end of the month the flatten ing out of the American market. Inasmuch as the greatest European market for copra is Marseilles, any restriction in this market will definitely effect the Philippines. January shipments of copra totaled 21,500 tons of which over 13,000 tons went to the Pacific Coast, 5,400 tons to Europe, 2,000 tons to New Orleans and 500 tons each to the Atlantic Coast and to Japan. Cebu exports were unusually low totaling only 8,000 tons of this total, the balance being scattered among eleven different loading points. Manila stocks of copra on January first were approximately 67,000 ton, and with 23,000 tons more in Cebu, we may conservatively estimate that there was approximately 100,000 tons of copra on hand in the Islands at the end of January, a tremendous cushion. Coconut Oil: The oil market, coming into the first of the year, was quiet at 2-5/8 cents per pound c.i.f. New York with inquiry chiefly for position six months ahead. Enough interest developed to make it possible to sell April-May shipment at this price and all in dications were that the market might advance one-eight until the excise tax question came up which immediately put all buyers out of the market, where they remained at the end of the month. The Pacific market was a trifle better than the East Coast with business done up to 2-1/2 cents f.o.b. but this market also has now left us temporarily. In view of the heavy December shipments, January shipments were naturally curtailed totaling only 11,800 ton. Of this amount 8,300 tons was routed to the East Coast, 1,700 to the West. Coast, 1,500 to the Gulf and the small balance to China. Mills were operating normally through out the month to reduce copra stocks and at the end of January, with 20,000 tons of oil in Manila, oil stocks were for the first time slightly under those of a year ago. Copra Caxe: Copra Cake was very quiet during the month. Some few sales were made on the basis of P18.30 f.o.b. Manila but in general sellers have nothing to sell for prompt shipment and buyers were not particularly interested in second quarter deliveries. Buyers would take June-August shipment but sellers were holding back. The Hamburg price ranged from S18.00 to S18.75, with prospects that there would not be much doing for the moment. Some little meal business was done with the United States at prices better than the above, but the demand was limited. Nearly 11,000 tons of cake and meal was shipped out during the month with over 9,000 of it destined for Europe. Desiccated Coconut: The desiccated busi ness was quiet but satisfactory during the month. Prices showed no change from December. Although not so very cheaply priced at this time, the American market does not have sufficient capacity to justify mills in operating heavily. Shipments for the month totaled just over 1,000 metric tons. General: The future of copra and coconut oil was never so uncertain as on December 31st. The excise tax referred to several times above gives us a striking illustration of how dependent IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 this industry is on American markets. If the tax as projected is actually put into effect, it may well mean a severe blow to the copra industry and practically a death blow to coconut oil. Copra will, of course, continue to How to Europe under any conditions and a certain amount will have to go to the United States, but with the, elimination of the greater part of our total present market, this will mean prices so low that it is difficult to see how the industry can exist and do business successfully. On the other hand, if the excise tax does not go on, business should react favorably, but it is to be expected that in some way or other, Philippine exports of oil and copra to the United States will have to be limited. We are very fortunate in having a Governor General who is actively interesting himself in this serious problem and doing all he can to save our busi ness, if not in whole, at least in the greater part. A Manila firm carrying an open account with a correspondent in Germany acted as his agent in effecting the dispatch of purchases of copra cake in the Philippines to him, and on his account paid for this copra cake, the trans actions necessarily running through the Manila firm's books. Actual sellers of this copra cake to the purchaser in Germany paid the merchant sales tax here. 'Phis tax was also exacted from the agent-firm, Belm-Meyer A' Co., who paid under protest and brought suit to recover. The trial court allowed them to recover, and the supreme court has now confirmed this decision holding that but one sale was involved in each transaction ami that any profit the agent-firm made was not subject to the sales tax, there being no sale by them, but only to some other tax; for example, the income tax. The decision was penned by Associate Justice Antonio VillaHeal and subscribed by all the other members of the second division of the court: Chief Justice Ramon Avancena, Associate Justices George A. Malcom, John A. Hull, and Carlos A. Imperial. TRADEMARKS REGISTERED During the month of September, 1933 Reg. No. 11478. Trademark consisting of the bee inside a circle with the words “M. Y. San and Co. Ltd.", for biscuit and candy manufac tures and fruit preserves, confectionery, etc., registered on September 22, 1933, by Chang Heli, of Manila, P. I. Reg. No. 11479. Trademark consisting of the design for a border which is a band of red and black colors which is displayed by impressing or painting said design either in straight or curved form upon the containers, etc., for oil, petroleum and products of petroleum, etc., registered on September 22, 1933, by Vacuum Oil Company, Inc., of Manila, P. I. (7’o be continued) TRAVELLING THE MODERN WAY demands the utmost of comfort in a safe and dependable means of transportation. These requirements are met in the Ma nila Railroad Service by the addition of Dining facilities on our Baguio-Ilocos Express on the Main Line North. Meals Prepared and Served under Manila Hotel Management So Not Merely Travel When you plan a trip, either on business or for pleasure, consider the means of transportation as carefully as you consider your journey. Look for comfort and safety in a dependable means of transportation. It will pay you to investigate what the Manila Railroad has to offer. FIRST CLASS FARES now reduced on all lines, includ ing fares to Baguio. Train Service assures maximum of comfort from point of departure to point of destination. ADDITIONAL FACILITIES RECREATION CAR For parties desiring to travel by train a Recreation Car appropriate for Dancing and Music during the trip is furnished without extra charge. Inquiries invited and all information concerning travel and service will be gladly furnished at the office of the Traffic Department, Manila, or a representative of the Company will be sent for an inter view upon request. Manila Railroad Company 943 Azcarraga, Manila, P. I. Telephone 4-98-61 RADIO AND TELEGRAPH SERVICE This service is offered to Railroad pa trons when other means of communi cations are not available in hours of need. It is very convenient for those desiring to communicate with passengers on board train or a Company’s ship. Commercial telegrams from persons other than train passengers and railroad shippers are accepted for transmission only when Government telegraph offices are closed on Sundays and holidays and outside of office hours. comes you’ll feel better. He.—But I don’t want to feel better! —Cut and comment from Judge. GORDON HR V The heart 7, t\7t of a good vjI-IN cocktail BLACK and WHITE Scotch Whisky for Good Highballs Kuenzle & Streiff SOLE AGENTS Main Office: Branch Office: 343 T. Pinpin 44-48 Isaac Peral Tel. 2-39-36 Tel. 2-17-62 Branches: Cebu, Iloilo and Zamboanga Also distributors for Alhambra Cigars IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 LUMBER REVIEW By ARTHUR F. FISCHER Director of Forestry Shipments to foreign markets of Philippine lumber ami timber dur ing November, 1933, reg istered an increase of 12' < as compared with the corresponding month last year. The total amount exported during the month under review was -4,-142,672 board feet w i t h oust oms-dcclared value of 1’186,881.00 ns against 3,960,584 board feet with customs-de clared value of 1*139,569.00 for the same month in 1932. Although the timber trade with Japan during ovember fell off as compared with that of the previous month, this market continued to absorb a fair quantity of Philippine logs. The total amount shipped to the above market during the month under review was 2,539,336 board feet as against 1,SI5,992 board feet for the same period last year, or an increase of about 40%. The decline from last month was principally due to the uncertainties of exchange affecting the yen. Since the lumber code under lhe National Recovery Act went into effect, buying in the United States has slowed down. 'Phis situation was reflected in the Philippines by a decline of lumber shipments to that country registered during November as compared with August, September and October. It will be remembered that during the latter periods there was an unusual movement of lumber for the United States in anticipation of the limitation of Philip pine lumber inqrorts into that country under the National Recovery Act. However, although both buyers and sellers in the above market seem to be in the attitude of jockeving for position and waiting to see just what developments the establishment of minimum prices under the lumber code will bring, movement of lumber to FOR THESE GOOD REASONS... GO EMPRESS Reason /...Record size. Reason 2...Record speed. Reason 3,.. Luxury of Pacific and Atlantic standards. More Reasons...? z\sk anyone who’s made an “Empress” crossing! Fortnight ly sailings from ORIENT TO VICTORIA AND VANCOUVER Choice of 2 Routes... Direct Express: Empress of .la’a and Empress of Russia make trans pacific crossing from Yokohama in 9 days. Via Honolulu; Empress of Japan (largest, fastest liner on P a c i fi c ) a n d E nt pre s s of Canada add but three days to the journey.... First and Tourist Class. Also, Third Class. RAILWAY SERVICE ACROSS CANADA The trip from Pacific Coast (Vancouver) to Atlantic Coast (Montreal or Quebec) is made in four days in the luxurious trains of the Canadian Pacific Railway. ONLY 3 TO 4 DAYS OCEAN TO EUROPE Via St. Laurence Seaway! Sail from Montreal or Quebec and enjoy 2 days on the smooth St. Lawrence. Then, only 3 to 4 days more to British and Continental ports. Regular sailings: Empress of Britain. size-speed-SPACE marvel. Famous “Duchess” liners for smart economy. Popular “Mont-ships” for solid comfort, low cost. Attractive, low-priced Tourist and Third Class on all ships. YOUR INQUIRIES ARE INVITED CANADIAN PACIFIC WORLD’S GREATEST TRAVEL SYSTEM the United States continue fairly active. There were during November 1,505,624 board feet shipped to that country as compared with 588,088 board feet shipped during the corresponding month last year, or an increase of 156%. The lumber and timber trade with China during the month under review fell off considerably as compared with November, 1932. This situa tion, however, is generally regarded as having no special significance for demands of this market is usually fluctuating due to unsettled conditions aggravated by uncertainties in exchange. The increasing demand of Philippine woods in South Africa continues, evidencing a growing popularity of the Philippine product in that country. Movement of lumber in the local markets was fair. Mill production during the month under review totalled 12,682,717 board feet as against 9,386,996 board feet, during November last year, or an increase of 45%. Despite the consid erable increase in production, however, lumber inventories declined 8% as compared with November of 1932. A brisker trade in the local markets is expected in the next few months ns the dry season, which is the time for building construction, approaches. 'Phe following statements show the lumber and timber exports, by countries, and the mill pro duction and lumber inventories for the month of November, 1933, as compared with the cor responding month of the previous year. T»tae_ ... 4,442,672 1*186,881 Lumber and Timber Exports for November 1933 CustomsDestination Board feet Declared Value Japan............................ .. *2,539,336 P 41,234 United States.............. .. 1,505,624 121,060 297,224 15,033 Great Britain.............. 93,280 8,788 (’hina............................ 4,664 453 Guam........................... Netherlands.................. Australia....................... Portuguese Africa Spain............................ Japanese-China............ Hawaii.......................... 2,544 313 Note:—‘This represents mostly solid log scale, that is, 424 board feet to a cubic meter. Destination 1932 CustomsBoard Feet Declared Value Japan ................... 1,815,992 1* 27,721 United States.............. 588,088 30,059 British Africa.............. 148,400 9,357 Great Britain.............. 449,440 33,235 China............................ 255,248 13,748 Guam........................... Netherlands................. 333,264 5,325 Australia....................... 254,400 10,432 Portuguese Africa....... 70,808 5,843 Spain............................ 23,320 2,500 Japanese-China........... 12,296 309 Hawaii.......................... 9,328 1,040 Tot a i..................... .. 3,960,584 1*139,569 For 46 Mills for the month of November Lumber Deliveries from Mills Month 1933 1932 November................... 12,335,187 8,462,975 Lumber Inventory Month 1933 1932 November................... 24,332,254 26,529,705 Mill Production Month 1933 1932 November.................... 12,682,717 9,386,996 Note:—Board ieet should be used. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. Cavender General Agent, The Robert Dollar Co. hemp was off Total shipments for the month of December amounted to 218,504 tons, an increase of more than 29,550 tons over the previous month and an increase over the same month last year of 65,094 tons. Sugar shipments continue to be heavy, a total of 103,048 tons of which 4,899 tons were refined sugar. To China and Japan, previous month but still up to the average for the year. Lumber and log shipments increased over two million feet over last month and a like increase over the same month last year. Other items remained about as usual. To Pacific Coast Ports, there was a very decided increase in shipments of copra and co conut oil, with a decrease in copra meal. There was a heavy movement of relined sugar, but hemp shipments were down considerably. Cigars were below November but still fairly good. Rope almost doubled last month's shipments. To the Atlantic (,’oast and Gulf, cigars de creased but moved in fairly good volume. Co conut Oil and Copra increased considerably. Tot' 216,501 with OS of which 69.606 were enrried in American Bottoms with 19 Hemp shipments showed a slight increase over the previous months and continues encouraging. Diesiccated Coconut also was fairly good. Sugar shpments were heavy, as noted above. 'l’o Europe, lumber strengthened and showed a good increase, as did copra. Hemp was off, while copra cake also decreased. Copra ship ments amounted to 12,325 tons as against 12,125 tons the previous month; copra cake 10,558 tons against 10,628 tons; and hemp 48,463 bales against 66,362 bales. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, during the month of Decemiber 1933 there were exported from the Philippine Islands the following: THE PRESIDENT LINER FLEET WORLD-WIDE SERVICE AMERICAN MAIL LINE “The Short Route to America’’ To SEATTLE via CHINA, JAPAN and VICTORIA Pres. Grant----- Feb. 28 Pres. McKinley -Mar. 14 Pres. Jackson - Mar. 28 Pres. Jefferson - Apr. 11 Pres. Grant----- Apr. 25 Travel “President Liner” Tourist Class Manila to Seattle or San Francisco only $200; with private bath, $227. “President Hoover” and “President Coolidge” Special Class at slightly higher fares. DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINES EAST OR WEST TO NEW YORK Via China-Japan, Honolulu San Francisco Panama Canal Pres. Hoover - - Feb. 21 Pres. Cleveland - Mar. 10 Pres. Coolidge - Mar. 21 Pres. Taft----------Apr. 7 Pres. Hoover - - Apr. 18 Via Suez Canal and Europe Pres. Johnson - - Mar. 5 Pres. Monroe - Mar. 19 Pres. Van Buren - Apr. 2 Pres. Garfield- - Apr. 16 Pres. Polk ------- Apr. 30 PHILIPPINE INTER-ISLAND STEAMSHIP CO. SUPERIOR INTER-ISLAND SERVICE S. S. “MAYON” sails Tuesdays at 2 P. M. from Manila to Iloilo Zamboanga, Cebu, Iloilo back to Manila. FUTURE SAILINGS Feb. 20 „ 27 Mar. 6 „ 13 „ 20 „ 27 FOR BOOKINGS AND INFORMATION APPLY TO: THE ROBERT DOLLAR CO. General Agents Robert Dollar Bldg., Port Area — MANILA — Telephone 2-24-41 87 Escolta IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 Passenger traffic for the month of December 1933 featured heavy incoming passenger lists. The seasonal movement to Europe via Suez began during this month, and departures for China and Japan also showed the seasonal increase. It is interesting to note that first class passenger sailings to all ports showed a substantial increase while intermediate pas senger traffic declined, as compared with No vember 1933. The following figures show the number of passengers departing from the Philippine Islands during December 1933: First I,,t, rm,,Hate Third China and Japan............... 161 131 Honolulu.............................. 3 6 Pacific Coast....................... 21 28 Europe via America.......... 5 2 Straits Settlements and Dutch East Indies......... 57 7 Europe and Mediterranean Ports beyond Colombo . 17 11 America via Suez.............. 4 3 115 8 0 0 0 Total for December, 1933........................... 268 188 197 Total for November, 1933........................... 188 212 366 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKETS By L. L. Spellman International Harvester Company of Philippines The following report covers the various hemp markets for the month of January with statistics up to and including January 29th, 1934. Manila Market: The first of the year found the local fiber market steady enough with neither buyers nor sellers particularly anxious to do business. Transactions were being made at: E, 1*11.50; F, 1*10.50; G, P5.75; H, 1’5.00; I, 1*7.50; JI, 1*6.00; J2, P5.25; K, P4.75; LI, 1*4.00; L2, P3.50; Ml, 1*4.00; M2, 1’3.50; DL, 1*3.50; DM, I*3.(X); S2, 1*7.50; S3, 1*6.50. Toward the middle of the month prices hardened owing to steady buying in the V. K. and the placing of several large orders in the V. S. Bv the 15th exporters were paving: E, 1*12.25; F, 1*10.75; G, 1*6.00; II, 1’5.50; I, P7.75; JI, P6.50; .12, P5.75; I\, P5.25; LI, 1’4.50; L2, 1*4.25; Ml, P4.50; M2, P4.00; DL, P4.00; DM, P3.50; S2, 1*7.75; S3, 1*6.75. A good deal of hemp was sold locally through the exporters between the 10th anti 20th of the month. Toward the end of the month quotations dropped owing to the fact that buyers in the consuming market had retired. At the close nominal buying prices were: E, 1*12.00; F, 1*10.50; G, 1*5.75; II, P5.25; 1, P7.50; JI, 1’6.25; J2, P5.50; K, P5.00; L), 1’4.25; L2, 1’4.00; Ml, 1*4.25; M2, P3.75; DL, 1’3.75; DM, 1*3.25; S2, 1*7.50; S3, P6.50. Just at the moment prices make very little difference as practically all the hemp that will be pro duced between now and the middle of February was sold at high prices. The Davao market was particularly active and some grades ad vanced as much as 1*1.00 a picul over the price being paid for the same qualities in the Manila market. A few large sales were made in the L. S. of Davao hemp and unquestionably a number of moderate sales were also made. The V. K. market took most of the Leyte and Bicol hemp but also took a small amount of Davao fiber. F. K. Market: The market opened steady enough but with very little business passing. Shippers were offering on the basis of: J2, £14.10; K, £13.15; LI, £12.10; L2, £12.0; Ml, £12.10; M2, £11.15; DL, £11.15; DM, £10.15. Toward the middle of the month business picked up and it soon became apparent that some of the dealers were systematically increasing values by making firm offers at advanced prices. By the 15th the Ix>ndon dealers were paying: J2, £15.5; K, £14.15; LI, £13.5; L2, £12.10; Ml, £13.10; M2, £12.10; DL, £12.0; DM, £11.10. A good quantity of hemp exchanged hands at these prices and as a result Manila prices advanced above the selling equivalent and business stopped entirely. It would appear that buyers have sufficient for their present needs and as a result prices have declined. The end of the month found shippers offering to sell at: J2, £15.0; K, £14.10; LI, £13.0; L2, £12.10; Ml, £13.5; M2, £12.5; DL, £12.0; DM, £11.5; and would unquestion ably take lower prices. U. S. Market: The New York market opened quiet but firm. There did not seem to be an overabundance of the better grades and shippers were asking: E, 6 cents; F, 5-1'8 cents; G, 3-3/8 cents; I, 4 cents; JI, 3-5 8 cents. As the month progressed a fair amount of business developed and several large orders were placed for Davao hemp. On the 15th shippers were asking: E, 6-1/8 cents; F, 5-1 2 cents; G, 3-5/8 cents; I, 4-3/8 cents; JI, 4 cents. Toward the end of the month business slacked off and prices declined slightly. At the close the market was quiet with shippers asking: E, 5-7,8 cents; F, 5-1,8 cents; G, 3-1/2 cents; 1, 4-1 8 cents; JI, 3-3 4 cents. Prices for Davao hemp advanced out of proportion to the same grades from other provinces but the spread narrowed at the close and the price difference ranged from 1,8 cent to 1/4 cent which is normal. Japanese Market: Notwithstanding the advance in local prices and the strength in the U. S. and U. K. markets, Japan remained indifferent throughout and bougnt very little fiber. Apparently this market has sufficient supplies for the present. Maguey: There is no change in this fiber. A normal amount is still being produced around Cebu but there is no business in Northern Maguey. We understand there is still a fair amount of stocks in the llocos provinces that have been on hand for the last three years. The retting season will not close until the latter part of April but it is hardly possible that the Always the First Order— and then the appetite is whetted to enjoy a wholesome meal Dee C. Chuan & Sons, Inc. Office and Yards 18-30 Soler, Manila, P. I. PHONES ( £9^83 P. O. Box 474 Manufacturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in All Kinds of Philippine Lumber Large Stocks Always on Hand Mouldings, Balusters, Scrolls, Customs Sawing and All Classes of MILL WORKS It is brewed by San Miguel Brewery BRANCH: 782-788 Juan Luna Street Phone 4-87-36 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 market will advance sufficiently before that time to enable this fiber to he produced at a profit. Freight Rates: There was no change in freight rates during the past month. General: The month was undoubtedly profitable for the producers or at least for the dealers as they were able to get rid of a good deal of fiber at prices higher than have been paid for some time. Had the Japanese market, responded, prices would have continued on the higher level throughout February. Unless there is a decided improvement in the Japanese market, we can look for lower prices as no doubt the U. S. and the U. K. have all the fiber they need for the immediate present. Statistics: Figures below are for the period ending January 29th, 1934. Manila Hrmp On January 1st . Receipts to date......... Shipments to— I . K................................. Continent......................... U. S.................................. Japan............................... Australia........................... Elsewhere......................... Local Consumption........ 13s, 160 82,124 32,555 10,944 19,924 27,626 1,500 1,559 167,007 07,001 15,552 13,789 12,501 37,414 451 2,614 2.0(H) 90,108 81,321 Fyffe’s Meal Products The enterprise of ('. L. Fyffe makes it possible to have fresh corn meal in Manila with all its oil content. We have used a good deal of this corn meal and find it good. Fyffe has now begun making whole wheat Hour and cracked wheat, and a mixture of corn meal, rice bran and mongo he calls JANUARY SUGAR REVIEW By Geo. H. Fairchild New York Market: Prices for actual sugar during the first week remained unchanged on the basis of 3.15 cents, at. which level a con siderable amount of Phil ippine sugar, principally alloats, changed hands. The news that President Roosevelt would meet with the representatives of the department of agriculture to discuss plans of sugar stabiliza tion produced a slight advance in the "futures” quotations on the Exchange, while small sales of present shipment Culms were effected on the 4th at 1.20 cents c. and f. There were also small sales of alloat Philippines on the 5th at 3.1(> cents and 3.20 cents, after which a pause in the market ensued. The adverse effect of the announcement that the proposed meeting to discuss sugar stabiliza tion plans had been abandoned was reflected in the futures quotations on the Exchange, although the loss was slight throughout the second week. Prices for actual sugar remained unchanged at 3.15 cents with a tendency to decline in view of U. S. statistical position being against the market. Although the U. S. con sumption in 1933 was computed to show an increase of l'( over that of 1932, the available supply for 1934 was estimated to be much in excess of its probable requirements during the year. At the close of the week, the Chadbourne Plan was reported to be in the hands of the Cuban government, following the ousting of Mr. Chadbourne from the presidenev of the Cuban Sugar Export Corporation bv Cuban presidential decree. After a week’s inactivity, considerable tran sactions in Philippine sugar occurred during the t hird week, principally as the result of the chaotic conditions in Cuba brought about by President San Martin’s resignation, which was believed in some quarters to lead to a possibility of im peding the movement of Cuban sugar, and this development induced refiners to purchase Phil ippine sugar. The improvement in the futures quotations due to the imminent U. S. recogni tion of the new Cuban regime and to the advance in the government gold price, created speculative buying, recording gains of from 11 to 15 points on the Exchange (luring the week. Prices for actual sugar advanced simultaneously to 3.17 cents and 3.18 cents and on the 20th, sales of duty-irec sugars alloats and for February-March shipments were made to refiners on the basis of 3.20 cents, and small sales of Puerto Ricos present shipment to Gulf refiners at 3.25 cents. In view of the speculative interest taken by operators during the last two weeks of the month under review, large premia were paid for Cuban sugar, while the quotations on the Exchange showed a wide disparity from prices of duty-free sugars. Transactions in Philippine afloats and for February-March shipments were effected at from 3.23 cents to 3.25 cents during the week in comparison with the price of 1.40 cents c. and f. paid to Cuban sugar by operators on the 26th, while on the 29th operators were willing to buy Culms at 1.42 cents. The U. 8. recognition of the Mendieta govern ment, announced in the latter part of the month, revived the sugar marKeting agreement quota plan. It was reported President Roosevelt had asked lor the sugar report of the Tariff Com mission, which includes recommendations for fixed annual quotas for Cuba, and other areas supplying the American market and for a reduc tion in the Cuban preferential duty. These developments helped to maintain the improve ment in the futures quotations on the Exchange during the last wees which closed strong. Fulmcx: Quotations for future deliveries on FlGHT Constipation Don’t let constipation hold you down. Poison* circulate in the blood. Cause pimples and boils. Sap vitality. Deaden the appetite. Doctors suggest Fleischmann’s Yeast to help end constipation. Three cakes a day aids digestion and elimi nation. Tones up the body. Supplies health-vitamins. Try yeast for a few weeks. Notice how much better you look and feel. YEAST Porta, Pueo y Cia. Sole Agents 212 Magallanes Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 the Exchange fluctuated during the month as follows: January..................... March....................... May........................... July.......................... September................. December................. January (1935)....... High Loin Latest 1.16 1 16 1.16 1 46 1 21 1 .46 1 51 1.27 1 51 1 60 1 JI7 1 60 1 .66 1 44 1 .66 aggregate production up to January 29th of (lie 31 Centrals reporting amounted to 627,011 tons, constituting 52.26 per cent of (heir aggre gate estimates for the current crop. CEXTHALS 1'HOIMICTIOX UP TO JAXU\HY 29, 1931 reported to us, amounted to 132,785 long tons. The aggregate exports for the months of No vember and December, 1933, and January, 1934, embracing the first three months of the current crop year, are as follows: .V./rir T„ns Stocks: Stocks in the United Kingdom, United States, Cuba, Java and European statis tical countries as reported on January 25th were 7.80-1,000 tons, compared with S,256,000 tons in 1933 and 8,347,000 tons in 1932. Philippine Sales: Sales and resales of Phil ippine sugar were reported in New York dining the month, as follows: Cents per pound Long Tons Front To Sales......................... 168,300 313 3 30 Resales..................... 15,500 315 3.25 Local Market: In sympathy with the im provement of the American market, local ex porting houses advanced their quotations from 1*6.90 to P7.10 per nicul during the first week. A gradual but steady advance in local prices for centrifugals was maintained, fair quantities having been transacted regularly throughout the month at advancing prices up to 1*7.30 to P7.40 during the last weeK. Crop Prospects: .According to the Compa rative Run Reports published by the Philippine Sugar Association, containing the milling and other data for the current crop of the various Centrals, sugar recoveries in Negros in general are still unsatisfactory and below normal, while those in Luzon, as a whole, have shown much improvement over previous years’ results. As may be seen from the following tabulation, the juice purities in the districts of Del Carmen and San Fernando districts, both in Pampanga, have gone beyond the 2.00-picul mark. The 1. Arayat..................... 8,676 2. Bacolod........................... 34,954 3. Bais................................. 10,435 4. Bamban........................... 21,482 5. Bearin............................. 6,887 6. Binalbagan................. 40,176 7. Calamlm......................... 26,832 8. Calatagan....................... 4,695 9. Cebu................................ 6,381 10. Danao............................. 2,139 11. Del Carmen 44,464 12. Don Pedro..................... 25,353 13. Phil. Sugar Estates. . 3,198 14. Hawaiian-I’hilippine Co. 39,161 15. Isabela . . . 20,370 16. Janiwav . 6,874 17. La Cariota................. 50,327 18. Lopez........... 5,287 19. Ma-ao. . 35,309 20. Manapla .... 1,076 21. Mindoro... 7,423 22. Palma....... 6,265 23. Pilar................... 10,841 24. San Carlos...................... 9,670 25. San Fernando. 51,419 26. San Isidro..................... 6,776 27. Santos-Ixipez.......... 9,363 28. Sara-Ajuv. 7,286 29. Talisay-Silav. . 39,475 30. Tarlac. 54,610 31. Victorias.. ............. 26,777 627,011 1 97 1 .81 1.70 1 86 1 55 1 .88 1 .87 1 .89 1 .76 1 .50 2 19 1 98 1 6!) 1 76 1 67 1 79 1 94 l .88 I 66 1 86 1 66 1.70 1 70 2 09 Philippine Exports: The sugar exports from the Philippines for the month of January, as Centrifugals November, 1933. . . 71,932 December, 1933.... 113,053 January, 1931.......... 129,851 Long Tons Refined Total 5,995 77,927 3,787 116,840 2,934 132,785 Total................. 314,836 12,716 327,552 TOBACCO REVIEW By P. A. Meyer Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Mfg. Co. Raw Leak: No transactions of any im portance were reported during the month, and prices remained unchanged. Weather condi tions for the new crop, now in the field, are ideal up to now. Exports were small as shown by the following figures: Ratcleaf, Stripped Tobacco anti Scraps Austria.................................................. 819 China. . 1,995 Gibraltar.............................................. 11,800 Japan . . ................................................. 475,309 North Africa........................................ 35,700 North Atlantic (Europe)...................... 27,766 Straits Settlements............................... 833 United States....................................... 76,254 630,476 Cigahs: Shipments to the United States amounted to 18,116,707 cigars as against 16,154,551 during December 1933, or 8,189,081 during January 1933, which latter was an ex ceptionally poor month. The National City Bank of New York Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Capital (Paid)------P248,000,000.00 Surplus...................P152,000,000.00 Undivided Profits - P 10,889,025.54 (as of June 30, 1932) Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions COMPLETE BANKING SERVICES MANILA OFFICE National City Bank Building SIMMIE 8s GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 (Established in 1917) The Philippine Guaranty Company, Inc. SURETY BONDS— We execute Bonds of various kinds, specially CUSTOMS BONDS. REAL ESTATE md and sunlight often and eye-lids. Just a few drops eye will bring an agreeable, Capital {Paid Up) - Reserve Fund Undivided Profits MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES. MANILA of Stearns’ EYE-MO in each FIRE INSURANCE— In the Philippine Islands. LOANS— Secured by first mortgagt of Manila on the monthly Second Floor INSULAR LIFE BLDG. P. O. Box 128 MANILA THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK = LTD. —- = (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen 100,000,000.00 121,250,000.00 6,869,038.82 soothing and cleansing effect that relieves all congestion. TRY IT! The Perfect Eye Lotion FORMULA: Each fl. oz. contains: Chlorbutanol 1 gr.; Zinc Sulphate % gr.; Boric Acid 10 gr.; Beberine Sulphate */8 gr. S. DAZAI Quality Printing is as essential to your business as well-tailored clothes are to the successful salesman. Attractive letterheads, bill heads, cards, envelopes, labels, etc., are silent but powerful salesman. Why not let them carry your message in the most effective way? The McCullough Imprint ensures quality printing and all that it implies. McCullough service means expert supervision and the intelligent hand ling of your printing problems. Whatever your printing needs may be, you are assured the utmost satisfaction when McCullough does the job. May we serve you? McCullough printing co. Division of Philippine Education Co., Inc. 101 ESCOLTA Phone 21801 MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 The Kindley Reports . . . (Continued from page 17) output would probably be for sale: where leaves are worn at all, the banana seems to take pre cedence over the proverbial fig, and J believe satisfactory results could be obtained from lacing garments of this kind." Elders in the village, where vigorous health prevailed, seemed as old as Rip Van Winkle — Kindley thought they had spent more time in slumberland than Rip ever did. At Dumolog (though strangely not at Malay balay, only 3 davs travel to the north) Kindley observed the habits of a bird his extensive zoological studies had never discovered to him; and he had put down in his heart, as the 3 biggest Rai's in the world, a constabulary lieute nant and, for‘2 rolled into 1, a district engineer, who had told him of the bird's existence—the engineer adding he himself had witnessed a robbery of a nest of one of these birds by a man introduced into the hole bv a confrere at his feet, who had to lean far over in order to give his fellow reach enough to get hold of the "The bird is about as large as a chicken, black in color ami with a buiitv tail. It can fly about as much as a chicken and digs a hole perpendicular in the ground from 1 to 2 meters deep (1 meter, 39.37 inches) usually at the taproot of a tree, for its nest. It lays an egg much larger than the largest goose egg, some what pink in color, which becomes very white after a few days’ exposure. The yolk, with the exception of a very thin white coating, fills the entire egg. The white resembles that of a duck egg, the yolk is a very pale yellow. In the digging process, the bird scratches the dirt loose, wallows in it in such a maimer as to lodge it in her feathers, then goes to the surface and shakes it out. The eggs arc deposited in the bottom of the hole in such a manner as to prevent them touching each other; and, after the mpther has finished laying, she fills the hole full of sand and departs, never giving any further attention to the nest. “The fledglings hatch, scratch their way to the top of the hole, and, like Topsy, grow with out ever gaining knowledge of their parentage.” The headman at. Dumolog was to send one of these birds and some of its eggs to Kindley at. Malaybalay. Kindley was going to cross them there with domesticated fowl and "make the Cantonese pullet's eggs look like handmade snowballs in a drift of icebergs," but he was not booking orders when he made his report. The headman urged Kindley to remain on at Du molog until the villagers were all educated, an invitation Kindley had to decline, "not being a conjugal relative of the ancient. Mcthusaleh.” Soon Kindley was safely back at Malaybalay, where he edged into his house (that was also his storeroom, office, swearingroom, etc., "be tween cases of lard, salmon, eoaloil and a type writer; climbed over a few sacks of rice and stretched out in a reserved corner called a bed.” It had been 3 wearing days of jungle travel up from Dumolog. Before retiring Kindley had got rid of his bedraggled clothes and into some dry pieces. Before dropping off to sleep he reflected a moment on a resolution that had been approved at the superintendents' con vention at Teachers’ Camp, Baguio: ‘‘Resolved that each division superintendent be furnished a janitor and- a enauffeur." Kindley was little interested in either, but he wondered what he should do with such equipment should it. arrive. Alas, that he might be eligible for a superintendency in, by comparison at any rate, a palatial office; but bucking the backwoods for 5 years had better fitted him for bull driving, whereof he had acquired "the requisite language fluently." Now if the resolution had but been extended to include cook and washwoman, his approving smile would have been buttoned behind his cars. At that moment, a real pioneer in the teaching service of the Philippines was a very tired young man, and very lonesome. “ ‘It is natural,’ he ruminated to the silent, thatch walls of his home-office-warehouse, ‘for man to indulge in the illusion of hope; we are apt to shut our eyes against the painful truth. Sleepily he tossed on his rough pillow. There was a familiar scratching in the thatch. He detected its vulgar source: he stealthily lay hold of a cliinela, aimed violently, and killed a lusty cockroach. Now he was no longer disturbed. He was monarch of his castle. He went to sleep. His trying in spection trip was all a most, virtuous record. Intermittently during some years now, the Journal has been hearing of these Kindley reports; and finally, through courtesy of an old friend, copies of them have reached its office. As they verify the fame that had gone abroad about them, and are first rate material for the whiling away of a few minutes, edited installments of them will be published from time to time until what, is best in them is exhausted. Readers outside the Philippines must bear in mind that they relate only to the most pri mitive folk in the most remote and little acces sible mountainous regions of the islands' least, developed division, Mindanao; and that they have no more bearing on civilized life in the Philippines than observations on the digger Indians would have on civilized life in the United States.—Ed. The actual work Kindley supervised was done by Christian Filipino teachers, as it is still done today; and their sacrifices equaled or surpassed his own. He reports, for instance: "This school was opened the first of May, and while it is less than 3 months’ old it shows more real attention from the teacher than any other school 1 visited." One delightful attribute of the reports is that there is nothing supercilious in them: they pause repeatedly to bestow credit where it is due.—Erl. Four Merchants' Opinions One merchant says: “... It is difficult to tell what we have learned from our experiences except that, speaking for our organization, we have all learned to be very humble.” An other merchant, as well known, says: “Success is going to be measured by our consistent everyday business, with balanced stocks in wanted staples and styles that are in demand; in the continued promotion of those goods.” A third says: “...the promotion of timely, wanted mer chandise is essential to our continued profit making; in fact, to our very existence.” A fourth says: “...and I cannot too strongly repeat that we in our store are firmly of the opinion that not one peso should be spent on the advertising of goods not in demand —and that not one peso less than what is required to do a thorough job should be spent on the advertising of goods in demand.” When you place your advertising in the MANILA DAILY BULLETIN you are making a direct appeal to the buying power of Manila IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 Commodities Maguey.................................................. Leaf Tobacco....................................... Desiccated and Shredded Coconuts. Hats (Number)................................... Lumber (Cubic Meters).................... Copra Meal.......................................... Cordage.................................................. Knotted Hemp..................................... Pearl Buttons (Gross)....................... Canton (low grade cordage fibre).. . All Other Products............................. Total Domestic Products. .. United States Products........ Foreign Countries Products. Grand Total. P RINCIPAL IMPORTS Articles Cotton Cloths................... Other Cotton Goods........ Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... Rice..................................... Wheat Flour..................... Machinery and Parts of.. Dairy Products................ Gasoline............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles....................... Vegetable Fiber Goods... Meat Products................. Illuminating Oil............... Fish and Fish Products .. Crude Oil........................... Coal..................................... Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc................................... Fertilisers........................... Vegetables......................... Pager Goods, Except Tobacco ManufactuElectricai Machinery.. .. Books and Other Printed Matters........................... Can and Carriages......... Automobile Tires............. Fruita and Nuts............... Woolen Goods................... Leather Goods.................. Shoes and Other FootCoffee ‘’.’. " ” " " ” / Breadstuff, Except Wheat Eggs In natural Form.. Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................ Lubricating Oil................. Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glassware.. .. Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ Oils not separately listed. Earthern Stones and Chinaware..................... Automobile Accessories.. Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.. .. Wood, Reed, Bamboo, and Rattan.................... India Rubber Goods.. .. Soaps................................... Matches............................. Cattle................................. Explosives.......................... Cement............................... Sugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films. .. Other imports................... Total. PRINCIPAL EXPORTS . December, 1933 December, 1932 Monthly average for 12 months previous to December, 1933 Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Quantity Value 3 9 0 2 2 2 0 P17.085.775 732,178 1,308,251 761,347 435,025 596,370 21,596 643,590 242,922 150,298 48,592 219,317 170,756 22,830 46,630 23,314 658,231 73 3 6 2 0 0 0 2 P22.761.49G 99 92,220 0 15,306 G <cept where otherwise indicated. CARRYING TRADE 56 5 8 6 0 7 5 0 9 2 P17.526.589 99 100,813 0. 17,770 0.6 --------------------------1 P17.645,172 100.0 3 . Monthly average for December, 1933 December, 1932 12 months previous io December, 1933 IMPORTS T Value % P Value % 12 7 8 6 1 5 Value % „ Monthly average for „ .. , „ , December, 1933 December, 1932 12 months previous Nationality of Vessels___________________________ to December, 1933 265.702 246,502 2 549,939 274,960 84.478 67,978 127,484 215,174 78,741 110,333 47,988 86,919 82,215 42,933 128,059 179,865 54.336 113,986 107,609 66,567 16,590 2.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.9 0. 1 0.3 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 70,826 102,100 35,471 69,067 26,038 73,870 17,564 21,797 30.649 4.473 8,002 47,315 847,420 7 0 0 0 7 0 0 0. 0 .6 .6 0 0 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 P 1,584.325 935,120 American. British... Japanese., Dutch.. . Value % Value % Value % 255,577 144.865 108,521 142,062 182,246 50,999 119,633 200,396 109,440 110,094 74.189 585 29.465 68,487 56,516 68,843 30,002 27 34 13 6.G 215,141 35.8 36.0 7.9 3.4 4'5 5.4 2^5 1.9 2.8 2.2 1.8 2.5 2.2 1.7 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.4 07 0.9 OJ 0.2 0.5 By Freight. By Mail. .. Total. EXPORTS December, 1933 Nationality of Vessels American. . British........ Japanese... German.. .. Spanish.. .. Dutch........ Philippines. Swedish.. .. By Freight. By Mail. .. Total. 2.2 Value % 2.5 0.9 3.0 8.8 5.0 5.1 8.6 0.5 0.5 2.3 0.1 2.7 Monthly average for December, 1932 12 months previous to December, 1933 Value % Value % P 7,453,829 2,978.881 6,862,658 215,879 4,145,290 32.8 12.5 30.1 0.9 18.4 27.7 20. G 24.7 L8 13.6 1.0 0.3 2.6 5.6 P22.669.705 100.0 P22.869.022 100.0 P17.645.172 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries United States. . . United Kingdom. Japan.................... China.. „.. .... . 0.1 .2 „ vmna.......................... u French East Indies. „„ Germany.................... Monthly average for December, 1933 December, 1932 12 months previous to December, 1933 Value Value Value 73.9 2.5 0 P27.729,166 534,395 1,620,994 803,430 146.823 584,593 565,905 137,218 379,835 235.824 291,313 121,662 52,962 39,740 140,407 85,451 3,913 16,135 40,713 39,562 31,799 5,765 11,747 167,572 8 3 P20,900,648 765,555 1,781,353 982,751 137,747 682,086 567,076 261,521 357,738 243,486 342,490 172,322 78,535 74,145 163.277 148,064 53,594 12,254 65,878 87,796 30,765 7,650 15,225 1,855,550 2^6 6.0 0.5 2.4 2.0 6 6 P12.301.891 100.0 P10.917.902 100.0 P12.342.490 100.0 Spain*. 7 ' Australia.................... British East Indies. Dutch East Indies.. ---- ■-------------------------------------- France....................... Monthly average for Netherlands............. December, 1932 12 months previous Italy ....................... to December. 1933 Hongkong................. TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Ports Manila... . Iloilo......... Cebu......... Zamboanga Total. December. 1933 Value Value Value — Belgium.............. 7C Switzerland........ — Japanese-China. . 4 Siam................... 2 Sweden.............. 0 Canada............... 7 Norway.............. 0 Denmark............ 6 Other Countries. Total... .. P34.S 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.2 1 1 4 2 0^6 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 Oil 0.1 0. 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1934 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc. General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York-Boston Philippines-San Francisco (Direct) Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila, P. I. Myers-Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 680 Rizal Avenue Tel. 2-16-10 INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. Cable Address; “YPIL,” Cebu. Manila Wine Merchants LIMITED P. O. Box 403 Head Office: 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. Phones 4-90-57 and 4-90-58 Branch Store: 39 Alhambra opposite Elks Club Phone 2-17-61 PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. « ® CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description HANSON, ORTH & STEVENSON, INC. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers Chaco Building — Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES New York — London — Merida — Davao THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL P.O. BOX 1638 TEL. 21126 International Harvester Co. of Philippines formerly MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila—Cebu—Vigan—Davao—Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law-Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Administration of Estates Receiverships Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. “LA URBANA” edad Mutua de Construcci6n y Prtsta Prestamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital Paterno Building, Calle Helios MANILA, P. I. The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works Sugar Machinery Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL delivery Stronger More Powerful Smoother in Performance and More Economical Larger space for freight or pass, bodies Shatter proof windshield standard equipment World’s Outstanding Truck Value Pacific Commercial Company 2 Isla de Romero Cebu • Manila • Iloilo ith Stop ANAY With PREVENTS DESTRUCTION FROM ATTACK BY ROT, TERMITES, WHITE ANTS OR ANAY, OF WOOD AND BOK-BOK INSECT ATTACK. IT IS CLEAN AND TAKES AS UNTREATED WOOD. LUMBER IS PERMANENT CURTIN-IIOWE CORPORATION Timber Preservation Engineers New York, N. Y. anay?'ZMA ,vktfi ZMA 'um*’cr *s PRESSURE TREATED and as such is not to be confused with open tank, dip, spray or brush treatments. Unless lumber is PRESSURE: TREATED it is not permanently protected against decay and anay. ZMA *s Practica'1>' insoluble in water and nence permanently present in the wood to protect it during the useful life of the structure. r^ofArl-" ATLANTIC GULF & PACIFIC COMPANY OF MANILA Sole Licensee 71-77 Muelle de la Industria Philippine Islands Manila, P. 1. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL