The Journal of the Philippine Dental Association

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Part of The Journal of the Philippine Dental Association

Title: The Journal of the Philippine Dental Association
Issue Date: Volume III (Issue No. 7) July 1950
Year: 1950
Language: English
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extracted text: ' THE , , t ' ''"'RS f )1 • l "RARY NOV 17 1%0 OF THE PHILIPPINE DENTAL ASSOCIATION VOLUl\IE Ill • NUl\IBER '/ CONTENTS EdltA>rlal 5 The President's Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . 6 Development of Dental 8tatntes In the Phlllpplnff-Carreon . . . 7 Act Regulating the Praetlee of Dentistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Statnte Amending Act No. 4007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zl Guardian of School Children's Teeth: Felix G. Angeles . . . . . . . . Z5 Current News Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 An Open Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SO Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sl IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT To the Dental Profession P. 0. Box 299 As of August 1st, l!J50, the Dental Dept. of BOTICA BOIE, INC. has acquired the m1tire stocks of Helman Trading Company, Dental Dept. All former <'nstomers will he g-ladly welcomed by Hotica Roh• and orders given promitt attention. We arc also happy to announce that after August J;)th we shall be hack at our old location on the Esc•olta. Our customers will find us on the 3rd. Floor of our new building corner Escolta and Calle T. Pinpin. * BOTICA BOIE, Inc. DENTAL DEPARTMENT On the Escolta 11.011.0 CEBC DAVAO LEGASPI ONLY KOLYNOS AGHTSTOOfH DECAY -------. ihese &] wa~s For best results always brush your teeth with Kolynoi after each meal Sofer, 11101·c comfortable, mn1·c thn1'01u1fi i11 icction ...... · 1cith · · MINIMAX :\IJXDlAX Procuinf' Solutions 2-:-;. with Epi: nephrin 1:30000 and 1:50000 in H\"-VAC safe packa;::-e always come to ;you FRESH and PO'fEXT. )laterials frsted FOL'R TDIES to in~urc <'Omfortublr, Ullf>\'Pntl'ul, <'Onfidenceinspiring injrction!-1. P!NETRATIN& !!!!~ Accepted by the Council on Dental Therapeutics of the American Dental A!:isociation. Fo1· details, inquire at or write to PHIL. NET & BRAID MFG. CO., INC. July 195.0 1236 Azcarraga, :uanila, P. 0. Box 320 'f EL. 2-9i-63 . ·~ "' ~ Shown ahovt> are .new Fellow" or the International College of Dentists (F.I.C.D.) being formal)}· inducted to the organization by ICD Regent B. B. Eran.a. Left to right: Dr. fo'ellpe Liwanag, Dr. Genaro 1-'rllzal'do, Dr. Gernslo Eraii.a (rece-ivt>d fellowship In US). Ur. Germanlco A. Carreon, United Nations President Carlos P. Romuto fguest), Dr. Joaquin Ladao and Dr. Vi<'tnrino G. VIiia. PHILIPPINE DENTAL ASSOCIATION Gennanico A. Carreon, president BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1949-1950 Pedro A. Baiiez, president-elect . . . . . . ..... . . R-219 Samanillo Bldg., Escolta, Manila R-228 De Leon Bldg., Rizal Ave., Manila 707 Esoaria, Sampaloc, Manila 1377-B Taft Ave., Manila Fausto G. Tapiador, vice-president for Luzon .. Ricardo Y. Ladrido, vice-president for Visayas . Leon A. Castro, vice-president for Mindanao Concepcion Gutierrez, treasurer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cotabato, Cotabato Agustin L. Zarate, board member ... Gaudencio R. Ocampo, board member Leoni lo F. Antonio, board member Joaquin Ladao, board member ... Faustino F. Turla, board member Pacifico V. Norena, secret&Tl' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcazar Bldg,, Carriedo, Manila . 631 Quezon Blvd., Quiapo, Manila . . . . . Dept. of Oral Surgery, MCU, Manila R-203 Villonco Bldg., Quezon Blvd., Manila R-236 Regina Bldg., Escolta, Manila R·236 Regina Bldg., Escolta, Manila 1110 Azcarraga, Manila AFFILIATE ORGANIZATIONS Philippine Association of Dental Teachers Joaquin Ladao, president . . . Pedro R. Diaz, vice-president . . . . . . . Genaro B. Felizardo, secretary-treasurer . Miguel D. Arevalo, board member Jose L. Referente, board member Eladio R. Aldecoa, board member .... Cipriano Ochoa, board member . R-236 Regina Bldg., Escolta, Manila 1206 Lepanto, Sampaloc, Manila . . . . . . . . 615 Galicia, Sampaloc, Manila College of Dentistry, MCU, Manila . . . . . . . . . . . College of Dentistry, NU, Manila College 9f Oral & Dental Surgery, Manila Philippine Dental College, Manila Lady Dentists Association of the Philippines J. Abary Murillo, president . . . . . . . . . . R-:.!09 Alcazar Bldg., Carriedo, Manila Concepcion D. Gutierrez, 1st vice-president R-209 Alcazar Bldg., Carriedo, Manila Trinidad C. Babista, 2nd vice-president . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990 Eloisa, Sampaloc, Manila Irene Leaiio-Simbol, secretary . . . . . . . . 631 Quezon Blvd., Quiapo, Manila Eufemia Laconico-del Rosarid, treasurer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192 Mabini St., Manila E. Enrile-Rosero, assistant treasurer . 201 Margarita David Bldg., Manila Age.ton Ursua, president . Pedro Ruiz, vice-president Mercedes Arcilla, secretary Santiago Bernal, president .. . E. Tumang, vice-president . , ....... . Natividad Disini Florendo, secretary CHAPTERS Albay Dental Society Baguio Dental Society Batangas Dental Society Legaspi, Albay Legaspi, Albay Legaspi, Albay Baguio City Baguio City Baguio City C. S. Ambida, president . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Batangas, Batangas Maximina Me.Joles, vice-president Sto. Tomas, Batangas Juan Perez, secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Batangas, Batangas Juan C. Pemia, actine !)resident Delfin Kalipusan, acting secretary Rosendo Reyes, acting president Meliton Castillo, acting secretary Bohol Dental Society Bulacan Dental, Society Cagayan Dental Society Tomas T. Paredes, president .......................•.. Gerardo Ranjo, vice-president . Luz Taguinod, secretary .. Camarines Dentel Society Pacifico Arcilla, actine; president . . . Mercedes C. Arcilla, actin!!: secretary . Cavite Dental Society Atanacio N. llano, president ...... . Francisco del Rosario, vice-president Esmeralda Trias, secretary Dominador Santos, president .. Genaro Hortelano, vice-president Maria Cabantan, secretary Martin Ortuoste, president .... Cebu Dental Society Cotabato Dental Society Modesto Tugbo, vice-president . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. . Leon A. Castro, secretary ...................................... . Faustino Galvan, president ..... . Jose K. Fernandez, vice-president Jorge de Perio, secretary July 1950 Dagupan City Dental Society Tagbilaran, Bohol Tagbilaran, Bohol Malolos, Bulacan Malolos, Bulacan Tuguegarao, Cagayan Tuguegarao, Cagayan Tuguegarao, Cagayan Naga, Camarines Sur Naga, Camarines Sur Cavite City Cavite City Cavite City , Cebu City Cebu City Cebu City Cotabato, Cotabato· Cotabato, Cotabato Cotabato, Cotabato Dagupan City Dagupan City Dagupan City Lucio Tapia, president . . .. Tino C&stillo, vice-president . Pedro M. Morales, secretary Alfredo Jaranilla, president .... Jose Cataluiia, vice-president •.. Lourdes Miranda, secretacy Quintin C. Bakita, actin~ president Alfredo Nebres, acting secretar?' Ildefonso Cinco, president ....... . Godofredo Benedicto, vice-president Francisco Quintero, secretary Hypatia V. Bernardo, president Oswaldo Cruz, vice-president Jesusita Gino, secretary Davao Dental Society lloilo Dental Society La Union Dental Society Leyte Dental Societv Malabon Dental Society Manila Dental Society Davao City Davao City Davao City lloilo City Iloilo City Iloilo City Sao Fernando, La Union San Fernando, La µnion Tacloban, Leyte Tacloban, Leyte Tacloban, Leyte Malabon, Rizal Malabon, Rizal Malabo~, Rizal Bienvenido B. Er&iia, president ..... . Donato R. Dionisio, executive vice-president Irene Leaiio-Simbol, vice-president (North) Anenio Ust&ris, vice-president (South) Daniel Pineda, secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 I Arlegui, Quiapo, Manila Monte de Piedad Bldg., PIBla Cta. Cruz, Manila 631 Quezon Blvd., Quiapo., Manila 1428 Herran, Paco, Manila 62J Raon, Quiapo, Manila Rafael Letada, president .... Pedro Yaiieza, vice-president Masbate Dental Society Misamis Occidental Dental Society Jose V. Abelardo, president . Isidro E. Hynson, vice-president Aureliano U. Cokol, secre1ary Jose Palacio, Jr., acting president A. Montalban, actin!: secretary . Gregorio Improgo, president .. Ricardo Jamora, vice-president Robe~to Juson, secretary Gaudencio R. Noble, president Placido Matta, vice-president Luciana N. Zerrudo, secretary Marius Abesamis, acting president Belen de Guzman, actinc; secretary Jose C. Quiwa, president . . . . . . . Domingo B. Calma, vice-president Araceli P. Suarez, secretary Felicisimo Gomez, acting president Andrea Reyes, acting secretary Misamis Orient11l Dental Society Negros Occidental. Dental Society Negros Oriental DitntRI Society Nucva Ecija Dental Society Pampanga Dental Soci<>ty Rizal Dental Society Samar Dental Society Jose Quichon, acting president .. Liberty Fernandez-Hill, acting secretary Ramiro Llamas, acting president Jose M. Paguia, acting secretary Leonardo Guevara, president .. Rafael Ma.clang, vice-president Mario J. Baltazar, secretary Sorsogon Dental Socie:ty Tarlac Dental Society Tayabas (Quezon) Dental Society Rafael C. Borja, president ....... . Victorina Z. Agramon, vice-president Natividad P. Edaiio, secretary Juan A. Bello, president .... Paulino Alvarez, vice-president Emiliano Valdez, secretary . Z11mboanga Dental Society Masbate, Masbate Ma1bate, Masbate Ozamis City, Misamis Occidental Ozamis City, Misamis Dccidental Ozamis City, Misamis Occidental Cagayan, Misamis Oriental Cagayan, Misamis Oriental Bacolod, Negros Occidental Bacolod, Negros Occidental B11colod, Negros Occidental Dumaguete, Negros Oriental Dumaguete, Negros Oriental Dumaguete, NegT'Ol!I Oriental Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija San Fernando, Pampanga . . . . . . . . . . . Guagua, Pampanga . . Angeles, Pampanga Pasig, Rizal Pasig, Rizal Catbalogan, Samar Catbaloi:;an, Samar Sorsogon, Sorsogon Sorsogon, Sorsogon Tarlac, Tarlac Tarlac, Tarlac Tarlac, Tarlac Lucena, Quel!on Lucena, Quezon Lucena, Quezon Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Zamboanga City, Zamboan1a Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Ju]y 19.~0 l'he J 0 u r n a I of the PHILIPPINE DENTAL ASSOCIATION July 1950 • Volume III • Number 7 Published monthly by the Philippine Dental Association Yearly subscription rates: I'l0.00 for members; P12.00 for non-members Entered as second class mail matter at the Manila Post Office on January 22, 1949 Editorial Office: 219 Samanillo Bldg., Escolta, Manila Gcrmanico A. Carreon, D.M.D., F.I.C.D. Edi!o•· Pacifico V. Norofia, D.M.D. Pedro A. Bafiez, D.D.S. Edifori"-' ~lssi8ta11t B11si11C88 Manager STUDENTS• ATTITUDE ON DENTISTRY Since the close of the last World War there seems to be a big increase of the student population in all professions or callings throughout the whole country. This may be attributed to the fact that during the enemy occupation, except fo certain cases, practically all schools offering collegiate courses remained closed. To cqpe with the large number_ of students, many new schools have been established since liberation. Dentistry is one of the professions that has captured the fascination of our student populace. It is estim::<ted that there were about 5000 students taking up dentistry during the past year as compared to only about 500 yearly before the War. Formerly, there were only one state and five private dental institutions; now, there are a total of ten dental schools. This month when colleges open their doors to dental students it is predicted that this year's enrolment will top that of the past years. Aside from the fact that our young students have begun to realize the great opportunities and the bright future of the dental profession in our country, it may be advanced that the primary reason why this year's enrolment would be unusually high is that this is the last year when a student could enroll in the regular dental course without any prerequisite other than having finished high school. Beginning next year, completion of a two-year pre-dental course is required by law before anyone could be admitted to the study of dentistry. There is every reason to suspect that some students take up dentistry for reasons other than their real in.terest in, or inclination to, the profession. There are those who take up the study of this course simply because it makes it possible for them to earn a doctor's degree in the short period of four years. Others enter the dental school because such is the wish of their parents or guardians whom they cannot disappoint. Still others believe that dentistry is easy and that one can get along by simply relying on the services of mechanics or dental technicians. It is not wise to encourage students now to enroll in dental colleges merely on the basis of being able to finish the course in four years instead of six. Students should be made to realize that aptitude for the profession, especially for one like dentistry which requires manual dexterity besides mental capacity, is the most essential requisite in the choice of any particular field of endeavor. July 1950 The Journal of the PhiUppine Dental Association miners on the fin>t Tuesday~ of January and July of each year, Ac.-t No. 2462 changed the date of examination by requiring that said examinations be held on the second Tuesdays of June and December of each year. It should be noted that said provision is carried over U!J to the present time. Like in the previous statute, Act No. 2462 permitted the Board of Dental Examiners to issue temporary certifi<'ates of registration to qualified persons, provided that "the Board is not in session and will not meet within thirty days," and that "such certificate shall be valid only until the next i·egular meeting of the Board." Qualifications of Examinees The defective provisions contained in Act No. 593 with regards to the qualifications of candidates to be admitted to the dental board examination were deleted in Act No. 2462. In order not to prejudice those who were actually attending the special dentistry course offered by the University of Sto. Tomas certain exemptions up to a definit~ date were provided for. Section 6 of Act No. 2462 provides: "He1·eafter the Board of Dental Examiners shall admit to examination for the practice of dentistry in the Philippines only those persons who have a diploma of doctor of dental surgery from an institution duly accredited and legally constituted: Provided, however, That all students who at present are bona fide taking a course in dentistry in the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, and who will graduate as surgeon dentists from said institution in the academic courses terminating in March, nineteen hundred and fifteen, and in March nineteen hundred and sixteen, shall be exempt from this i·equirement and may be admitted to examination provided they have the title of dental surgeon from said university and have all the other qualifications hereunder prescribed.'' To darify the status of dental practitionc>rs who were allowed to practice the profession prior to the enactment of. this statute, Section 7, Act No. 2462 provides: Status of Old Dentists "Any person who, upon the passage of this Act, is registered in the official register of the Board of Dental Examiners, created by Act Numbered Five Hundred and Ninety-three, as a fully qualified dentist, or who, if an undel'graduate dentist, has practised as such for not less than three years, may hereafter practise dental surgery anywhere in the Philippine Islands, provided such person presents- his old cel'tificate to the Board of Dental Examiners established by this Act within six months after the organization the1!eof and secures a certificate of registration in accordance with this Act, it being the duty of said Board to issue a new certificate to any person presenting his old certificate: Provided, however, That any undergraduate dentist hereafter completing three years of practice as such may likewise practice dentistry anywhere in the Philippine Islands after obtaining his certificate of registration: Provided further, That any undergraduate den· tist having practised dentistry for less than three years may freely practice at the place where he is established, althoug.h a fully qualified dentist may establish himself at the same, or at any other place where a fully qualified dentist is not established: And provided, finally, That any undergraduate dentist having practised as such for less than three years may register under this Act and practise anywhere in the Islands, provided he has passed a post-graduate course in any dulyestahlished dental college, and in such case such unde1·graduate may practise as such while taking such course at the place where the college in 'Yhich he is studying is located." July 1950 Development of Dental Statutes in the Philip1Jines-Carl'eon The reasons by which a dentist's certificate of registration may be revoked, while also contained in Act No. 593, we1·e more comprehensive and better explained in Section 10, Act No. 2462, which is as follows: Reasons for Revocation "The Board of Dental Examiners shall refuse to issue the certificate provided for by this Act to any person convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal offense involving moral turpitude, to any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct, or of unsound mind, and in the event of such i 1efusal Shall give to the applicant a written statement setting forth the reasons for its action, which statement shall be incorporated in the record of the Board. The Board may also revoke a certificate for like cause, or for unprofessional conduct, malpractice, incompetency or serious ignorance, or malicious negligence in the practice of dentistry, willful destruction or mutilation of a natural tooth of a person with the deliberate purpose of substituting same by an unnecessary or unessential artificial tooth; for making use of fraud, deceit, or false statements to obtain a certificate of registration; habitual use of intoxicating liquors or medicines causing him to become incompetent to practice dentistry; the employment of per• sons who are not duly authorized to do the work that under this Act can be done only by persons who have certificates of i·egistration to practice dentistry in the Philippine Islands; the employment of deceit or any other fraud with the public in general or some client in particular, for the end purpose of extending his clientele; making false advertisements, publishing or circulating fraudulent or deceitful allegations regarding his professional attainments, skill, or knowledge, or the methods of treatment employed by him. The revocation of a July 1950 certificate of registration made by the Board, after having duly notified and heard the party concerned, shall be subject to appeal before the Director of Health, whose decision shall be final in all cases." One of the serious defects of Act 593 is the very light penalty which it imposed upon those persons who misrepr~sented or advertised themselves as dentists even if they did not possess the qualifications required by the law. Said law requh·ed only that the violator shall, "upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than one hundred dollars or to imprisonment for not more than ninty days." This defective provision of the law gave rise to what may be termed "habitual Violators" who were very willing to pay the fine of a few pesos or even stay in jail for a couple of days with the intention of going back to their illegal occupation after paying the fine or serving the sentence. Penal Provisions An attempt to improve this defective provision was made by providing for a stiffer penalty in Act No. 2462. Section 13 of the statute states: "Penalties.-Any person violating any section, clause, paragraph, or any provision of this Act (No. 3462) shall be criminally prosecuted before a court of competent jurisdiction and, upon conviction, shall be published for each violation with a fine of not more than one thousand pesos, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or both such fine and imprisonment, iJ1 the discretion of the court." While it appeared that the penal provisions in Act No. 2462 were relatively stiffer than that stipulated in Act No. 593, yet the quack dentists continued with their trade practically unmoved by the higher fine and longer imprisonment. This situation existed because the new provision was still defective in the sense that while it nrovided for the maximum penalty of "a -fine of not more tlian one ThE> Journal of the Phili1111ine Df"ntal Association thousand pesos, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court," it did not stipulate the minimum penalty. In such a case, therefore, it was possible for a convicted party to be punished with only a few pesos fine a few days imprisonment. Amendments to Act No. 2462 Barely a year after its enactment, however, Act No. 2462 was amended by the Third Philippine Legislature with Act No. 2602, on February 4, 1916. Act No. 2602 amended Sections 1, 5 and 6 of Act No. 2462, relative to the appointment of members of the board of denial examiners, its rules and regulations, and the qualifications of candidates to be admitted to the examination. Section 1, Act No. 2462, was amended so as to provide "that no member of the faculty of any school, college or university i~ which any branches of odontology is taught, shall be eligible for such appointment." This prohibition was inserted in the original provision on qualifications of the examiners because there were attempts in some quarters to seek the appointment to the board of dental examiners of certain persons who were actually teaching in dental schools. To avoid criticisms against the examining board it was deemed proper to make the prohibition. With respect to the formulation of rules and regulations, Act No. 2602 states: "With the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, the Director of Health shall prepare, with the assistance of the Council of Hygiene, the necessary rules whereby the Board of Dental Examiners shall be governed in the performance of its duties." This provision amended Section 5, Act No. 2462, which gave the Board of Dental Examiners the power to promulgate its rules and regulations, with the approval of the Director of Health and the Secretary of Interior. The new statute required the candidates for the dental board examination to possess the diploma of doctor of den~ tal surgery or doctor of dental medicine granted by an institution duly accredited and legally constituted. Section 6, Act No. 2462, was amended as follows: "Qualifications of candidates to be admitted to examination.-H~reafter the Board of Dental Examiners sha11 admit to examination for the practice of dentistry in the Philippine Islands only those persons who have a diploma of doctor of dental surgery or medicine from an institution duly accredited and legally constituted, in which the following branches are taught during three years in regular ninemonth courses: anatomy, physiology, histology, bacteriology, operative dental chemistry, dental prosthesis, metallurgy, dental anatomy, porcelain work, crown and bridge work, therapeutics and materia medica, general pathology, buccal pathology, minor surgery and anesthesia, surgery of the mouth, and dental jurisprudence: Provided, That a duly accredited institution shall be understood to be any school, college, or university which is incorporated and issues diplomas and confers degrees in accordance with section one hundred and sixty-eight of Act Numbered Fourteen hundred and fifty-nine." Note: This is the third of a series of articles written exclusively for the---, Journal of the Philippine Dental Association. These articles will form part of .. Philippine Dental Jurisprudence" which ls under preparation by the aut~~ IQ July 1950 FIRiT CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC ) OF THE PHILil'PINES ( Foui·th Session l H. No. 2783 [REPUBLIC ACT No. 417] AN ACT TO REGULATE THE PRACTICE OF DENTISTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa.tives of the .Philippines ill Congress assembled: ARTICLE !.-Title of Act SECTION 1. Title of Act.-This Act shall be known as the "Dental Law." ARTICLE IL-Board of Dental Examiners SEC. 2. Creation and composition of Board.-Within thirty days after the approval of this Act, a Board of Dental Examiners shall be created composed of three members, one of whom is designated as chairman, to be appointed by the Secretary of H>alth and possessing the qualifications prescribed in section four of this Act. SEC. 3. Powers vested in Board.-The Board of Dental Examiners is vested with authority conformably with the provisions of this Act, to administ€r oaths, to issue, suspend, ravoke, or reissue cei'tificates of registration for the practice of dentistry subject to the· approval of the Secretary of Health. The Board shall have the power to investigate violations of this Act and for this purpose it may, under the hand of its Chairman and seal of th2 Board, issue summons, subpoena 01· subpoena duces tecum to violators of this Act and witnesses thereof, and compel their attendance, and to inspect dental schools and oth>r establishments to see if the laws relating to dentistry are being enforced, and to discharge such other duties as the Board may d>em necessary for the maintenance of efficient July 1950 11 12. 2 ethical and technical standards of the dental profession in the Philippines for the well-being of the public and the safeguarding of life and health. The Board shall exercise the pow2rs conferred upon it by this Act, shall from time to time look into the conditions affecting the practice of dentistry in the Philippines, and whenever necessary, recomm2nd or adopt such measures as may be deemed proper for the advancement of the profession and for the vigorous enforc2ment of this Act. SEC. 4. Qualifications of Board members.-The members of the Board shall, at the time of his appointment: (1) Be a citizen of the Philippines and actually a resident th2reof; (2) Be a holder of a degree of either Doctor of Dental Medicine or Doctor of Dental Surgery conferred by a reputable and legally constitutad univ0 ersity, college, school, or institute; (3) Be at least thirty years of age; (4) Be a duly registered dentist in the Philippines; (5) Have had at least five years' practice of the profession immediately prior to his appointment; and ( 6) Not a member of the faculty of any school, college or university where any branch qf dentistry is taught, nor shall have, directly or indirectly, any pecuniary interest in such institution. SEC. 5. Term of office.-The members of the Board shall hold office for a term of three years after their appointment or until their successors shall have been appointed and duly qualified. The members of the first Board appointed under this Act shall hold office for the following terms: One member for one year, on2 member for two years, and the other member for three y2ars. Vacancies shall be filled for the unexpired term only. Each member of the Board shall qualify by taking the proper oath of office prior to entering upon the performance of his duties. SEC. G. Executive officer and secretary of the Board.The Commissioner of Civil Service shall be the executive officer of the Board and shall conduct the examinations July 1950 3 givzn by it. The secretary of the Boards of Examiners appointed under Act Number Four thousand seven shall also be the secretary of the Board of Dental Examiners. All records and minutes of the deliberations of the Board, including examination papers, shall be kept by the Bureau of Civil Service under the direct custody of the secretary. SEC. 7. Compensation of the Board.-The members of the Board shall each receive as compensation a fee not exceeding ten pesos per capita of the candidates examined. SEC. 8. Removol of Boai·d membei·s.-The Secretary of Health may remove any member of the Board for continued neglect of duty or incompeten~y, for commission or toler1.1tion of irregularities in the examination, or for unprofessional or dishonorable conduct, after having given the member concerned an opportunity to defend himself in a proper administrative investigation. SEC. 9. Rules and i·egulations.-The Board may, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Health, and with the advice and consent of the Commissioner of Civil Service, adopt such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. SEC. 10. Annual report.-The Board shall submit an annual report to the Secretary ·of Health after the close of each fiscal year giving a detailed account of the proceedings of the Board during the year and embodying such recommendations as the Board may desire to make. ARTILE UL-Examination and Registration of Dentists SEC. 11. Inhibition against practice of dentistry.-Unless exempt from registration, no person shall practice or offer to practice dentistry in the Philippines as defined in this Act without holding a valid certificate of registration as dentist issued by the Board of Dental Examiners. SEC. 12. Scope of practice of dentisti-y.-A person shall be regarded to be practicing dentistry or rendering dental service, within the meaning and intent of this Act, who July 1950 13 14 4 shall, for a fee, salary, or other reward or compensation, paid to him or through another, or even without such reward or compensation, perform any operation or part of an operation upon the human mouth, teeth, jaws, and surrounding tissues; or treat oral diseases or lesions or correct malpositions of the teeth: Provided, however, That this provision shall not apply to artisans engaged in the mechanical construction of artificial dentures or other oral deviczs, so long as none of such procedures is done inside the mouth of the patient, or to students of dentistry undergoing practical training in any legally chartered dental school or college under the direction or supervision of a member of the faculty duly quali.fied to practice dentistry in the Philippines; or to duly qualified dental hygienists serving as dentists' assistants who may be allowed to perform oral prophylaxis and suoh other procedures which the law regulating the practice of dental hygienists may permit; nor shall this section be construed to interfere with the legitimate practice of ·physicians and surgeons undertaken in conformity with the provisions of the Medical Law. SEC. 13. Holding of e.rnmi11alio11.-Examination for candidates desiring to practice dentistry in the Philippines shall be given by the Board on too second Tuesday of June and December of each year in Manila or at such other place as may be deemed necessary and expedient by the Board, subject to the approval of the Commissioner of Civil Service and the Secretary of Health. SEC. 14. Exumination requii'ed.-Except as otherwise specifically allowed under the provisions of this Act, all applicants for registration for the practice of dentistry shall be required to undergo an zxamination as provided for in this Act. SEC. 15. Qualifications for examination.-In order to be admitted to the dentist examination, an applicant must, at the time of filing his application therefor, establish to the satisfaction of the Board that: (1) He is a citizen of the Philippines; July 1950 5 (2) He is at least twenty-on2 years of age; (3) He is of good moral character and reputation; ( 4) He had finished a standard four-year high school course or its equivalent in a school, institute, college or university legally established and duly recognized by the Government: Provided, however, That two years after the approval of this Act and thereafter, students shall present as a requisite for admission to the first year of the college of dontistry Dental Student's Entrance Certificate, to be issued by the secretary of the Board of Dental Examiners, upon the payment of a registration fee of two pesos and the submission of satisfactory credentials acceptable to the Board, as evidence of the fulfillment of the requirements concerning the two-year pre-dental course as herein re: quired; (5) He has received a diploma a~ either doctor of dental surgery or doctor of dental medicine from an institution, college or university duly accredited and legally constituted in which the following branches are taught during four years in regular nin2-month courses: anatomy, histology, physiology, bacteriology, chemistry, dental materials, materia medica and therapeutics, anesthesia, toxicology, physical diagnosis, radiography, general pathology, oral pathology, oral surgery, .operative technic, operativ2 clinic, prosthetic technic, prosthetic clinic, crown and bridgework, dental anatomy, comparative dental anatomy, orthodontics, dental protozoology, dental ceramics, hygiene and sanitation, dental jurisprudenc2, dental economics and ethics and applied psychology. The term "school" as herein used 'includes colleges and universities or other institutions of learning. In order for a school to be considered duly accredited and legally constituted, within the meaning of this section, it must be incorporated in the Philippines in accordance with the Corporation Law, must follow the four-year course as herein porvid2d for and, after due inspection thereof, it is authorized in writing by the Secretary of Education to confer the degree of "Doctor of Dentai Surgery" or July 1950 10 16 6 "Doctor of Dental Medicine" and issue the corrasponding diplomas or if not having adopted the equivalent courses of studies as above specified it is recognized as reputable by tha proper authorities of the country wherein it is established ; and (6) That he has duly covered and attended all the courses offered by the dental school whence he has graduated, as shown by the schedule of classes which must be submitted every semester or quarter by every dental school two weeks after classes have begun, to the Offica of the Director of Private Schools. SEC. 16. Scope of examination.-The examination for the practice of dentistry in the Philippines shall consist of both writtan and performance tests, the scope of which shall be determined and prescribed by the Board taking into consideration the teaching plan of all the dental schools legally constitutad in th~ Philippines. It shall be the duty of the Board to prepare the schedule of subjects of the theoretical and practical examinations and to submit the same to the Secretary of Haalth for approval and to publish the same as approved at least two months before the date of the examination wherein they are to be used. Any alteration or amendment that may be made in said schedule shall likewise be approved by the Secretary of Health. SEC. 17. Report of mtings.-The Board of Dental Examiners shall, within sixty days after the examination, report tha ratings obtained by each candidate to the Commissioner of Civil Service, who ·shall with his recommendation submit such ratings to the Secretary of Health for approval. SEC. 18. Isszwnce of certificates.-Certificates of registration as dentist shall, upon the recommendation of the Board, be issued to any applicant who, in the opinion of the Board and after approval of his ratings by the Secretary of Health and payment of the registration fee as provided for in this Act, has satisfactorily mat all the requirements specified in this Act. July. 19110 7 Every certificate of registration shall show the full name of the registrant, have a serial number, and be signed by the members of the Board, the Secretary of Health, and the Executin Officer of the Board and shall be authenticated by the official seal of the Department of Health. The issuance of a certificate of registration by the Board to the registrant shall be evidence that the person named 'therein is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a registered dentist while said certificate remains unre··oked or unsuspended. SEC. 19. Exemption.• from registration.-Registration shall not be required of dental surgeons of the Armed Forces of any foreign country which is allowed by law to. operate in the Philippines while on duty as such for the members of said Armed Forces, and of dentists or oral surgeons from other countries called in for consultation. SEC. 20. Fees for examination and registration.-Every applicant for examination for the profession of dentist shall pay an examination fee of fifty pesos and for registration, a fee of ten pesos. SEC. 21. Refusal to issue certificates in certain cases.The Bo~rd of Dental Examiners shall refuse to issue a certificate of registration to any person convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal offense involving moral turpitude, and to any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct, or of unsound mind, or to persons suffering from communicable or contagious disaases. In the event of such refusal, the Board shall give to the applicant a written statement setting forth the reason or reasons for its action, which statement shall be incorporated in the records of the Board. SEC. 22. Revocation and suspension of certificates.-The Board shall also have the power to revoke or suspend tha validity of a certificate of registration of a dentist for any of the causes mentioned in the preceding section, or for unprofessional conduct, malpractice, incompetency, or serious ignorance or negligence in the practice of dentistry, willful destruction or mutilation of a natural tooth of a July 1950 17 18 8 person with the deliberate purpose of substituting the same by an unnecessary or uness2ntial artificial tooth, for making use of fraud, deceit, or false statements to obtain a certificate of registration; for habitual use of intoxicating liquors or drugs causing him to become incompetent to practice dentistry; for the employment of persons who are not duly authorized to do the work which under this Act can only be done by persons who have certificates of registration to practice dentistry in the Philippines; for the employment of deceit or any other fraud with the public in general or some clients in particular for the purpose of extending his clientele; for. making false advertisements, publishing or circulating fraudulent or deceitful allegations regarding his professional attainment, skill, or knowledge, or the methods of treatment employed by him: P1"ovided, holl'ever, That tho action of the Board in the exercise of this power shall be appealable to the Secretary of Health whose decision shall be final. SEC. 23. Reissue of revoked certificate and replacement of lost catificate.-The Board may, after the expiration of five years from the date of r2vocation of a certificate of registration, for reasons it may deem sufficient, entertain any person whose certificate has been rzvoked, in the same manner as application for an original certificate and in doing so it may, in its discretion, exempt the applicant from the necessity of undergoing another examination. A fee of ten pesos shall be charged for the issuance of a now certificate in place of another previously revoked. A new certificate of registration to replace any certificate lost, destroyed or mutilated may be issued subject to the rules of the Board and a charge of five oesos shall be made for such issuance. . ARTICLE IV.-Sundry Provisfrnu; Relative to the Practice of Dentistry SEC. 24. Prohibitions in the pmctice of dentisti·y-Perwl prnvisions.-Any person who shall practice dentistry in the July 1950 9 Philippines as defined in this Act, without a certificate of registration issued in accordance with the provisions of this Act or has been dec!arad exempt, or any person presenting or using as his own the certificate of registration of another, or any person who shall give any false or forged evidence to the Board in obtaining a certificate of registration, or any person who shall impersonate any registrant of like or different name, or any person who shall use a revoked or suspznded certificate of registration, or any person who shall assume, use, or advertise as a bachelor of dental surgery, doctor of dental surgery, master of dental surgery, licentiate of dental surgery, doctor of dzntal medicine, or dental surgeon, or appe)ld to his name the letters B.D.S., D.D.S., M.D.S., L.D.S. or D.M.D., without having been conferred such title or dzgree in a legally constituted school, college, university, or board ,of examiners duly authorized to confer the same, or advzrtise any title or description tending to convey the impression that he is a dentist, without holding a valid certificate of registration from the Board, or any pzrson who shall violate any provision of this Act, shall be guilty of misdemeanor and shall upon conviction, be sentenced to a fine of not less than one thousand pesos nor more than fiv2 thousand pesos or to suffer imprisonment for a pzriod of not Jess than one year nor more than five years, or both, in the discretion of the court. SEC. 25. Display of m11ne and certificate of 1·egistmtion.Every registered practicing dentist shall display in a conspicuous place in the house or. officz where he practices, his name and surname and he shall further display his certificate of registration and a certificate of health in his office in plain sight of patients occupying his dental chair. Any owner or proprietor of a dental officz or establishment is also under obligation to display in conspicuous places in the office or establishment the names and surnames of each and every one of the pzrsons practicing dentistry in said office or est>1blishment and· to display the certificates of registration of each and every one of-such· persons in ·the samz manner as hereinbefore provided. July 1950 19 10 SEC. 26. Fureign J"eciprocity.-Except in the case of persons otherwise exempt under the provisions of this Act, no dentist who is a citizen of a foreign country shall be granted any of the rights or privileges under this Act, unless the country of which he is a subject or citizen permits dentists who are Filipino citizens to practice within its territorial limits on the same basis as the subjects or citizens of such country. SEC. 27. Enforcement of the Act by ufficel'S of the l«1c.It shall be the duty of all duly constituted officers of the law of the National Government, or of any provincial, city or municipal government, to enforce the provisions of this Act and to prosecute any perscµ> violating the same. The. Secretary of Justice shall act as the legal adviser of the Board and render such lt!gal assistance as may be necessary in carrying out the provisions. of this Act. SEC. 28. Act not affecti11g other professions.-This Act shall not be construed to affect or prevent the practice of other legally established professions in the Philippines. ARTICLE V.-Fiual Provisions SEC. 29. The sum of two thousand pesos is hereby appropriated out of any funds in the National Treasury not otherwise appropriated to be disbursed by the Secretary of Health in accordance with "the provisions of this Act. All sums collected in accordance with this Act shall be paid into the National Treasury as part of the general funds thereof. SEC. 30, All laws, parts o.f the laws, orders, ordinances, or regulations in conflict with the provisions of this Act, as pertain to the practice of dentistry shall be, and are hereby repealed. SEC. 31. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved, June 18, 1949. (Note: This new dental law was pl'epared by the Committee on Dental Legislation of the Philippine Dental Association -composed of Dr. Joaquin Ladao, chairman; Dr. Germanlco A. Carreon, secretary; and Dr. :Faustino F. Turla, member. It was introduced in the House of Representatives by Congressman Jose B. Laurel, jr. and Congressman Timoteo Hlcohermoso. l July 1950 SECOND CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC l OF THE PHILIPPINES j First Session H. No. 766 [REPUBLIC ACT NO. 546] AN ACT TO AMEND SECTION TEN OF ACT NUMBERED FOUR THOUSAND AND SEVEN, KNOWN AS "THE REORGANIZA'i'ION LAW OF NINETEEN HUNDRED AND THIRTY-TWO." Be it enacted by the Senate rind House of Representatives of the Philippiues iu Congress assembled: SECTION 1. Section ten of Act Numbered Four thousand and seven, known as "The Reorganization Law of nineteen hundred and thirty-two," is hereby amended to read as follows: "SEC. I 0. The Commissioner of Civil Service shall be Executive Officer of all the Boards of Examiners hereinafter named and shall conduct the examinations-given by said Boards according to the rules and regulations promulgated by him and apprond by the President. Subject to the approval of the President, the Commissioner shall designate a ranking officer of his bureau to act as Secretary of all the Boards of Examiners and who shall receiv2 a compensation of six thousand pesos pe1· annum. The bureau shall, under the direct custody of the secretary, keep all the records of the Boards of Examiners, including examination papers, minubs of deliberations, and records of adminh;trative proceedings and investigations of all July 1950 21 22 2 the Boards. Examination and registration fees shall be paid to the disbursing officer for the Bureau of Civil Service and such officer shall pay from the receipts thereof all the authorized expenses of the different Boards, including the compensation provided for herein. "The Board of Accountancy, the Board of Examiners for Marine Officers, the Board of Examiners for Marine Engineers, the Board of Medical Examiners, the Board of Dental Examiners, the Board of Pharmaceutical Examiners, the Board of Optical Examiners, the Board of Examiners for Nurses, the Voterinary Examining Board, the Board of Examiners for Surveyors, the Board of Examiners for Civil Engineers, the Board of M~chanical Engineering Examiners, the Board of Electrical Engineering Examiners, the Board of Mining Engineers, the Board of Examiners for Chemical Engineers, the Board of Examiners for Architects, shall each be composed of a chairman and two members, who shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines, upon the recommendation of the Commissioner of Civil Service, from among sµch persons of recognized standing in their professions as may be certified as having practiced at least ten years, academically and morally fully qualified by their respective bona fide •professional organizations, who shall serve for a period of thre2 years, and who shall receive compensation not to exceed ten pesos per. capita of the candidates examined, or registered without examination: Provided, That members of the first boards to be appointed after the approval of this Act shall hold office for tho following terms: Chairman for three years, one member for two years, and one member for one year: Provided, further, That the President of the Philippines shall designate any chairman of any of the sixteen boards as executive chairman as official July 1950 3 spokesman of all the examiners without extra compensation, to see that the office of the Boards of Examiners P"forms its functions efficiently and other duties necessary to insure the efficient performance of the duties of each Board in conducting examination, raising the ethical and educational standards of the different professions and shall be given a transportation monthly al)owance of one hundred and fifty pesos. Subject to the approval of the President and with the advice of the Commissioner of Civil Service, the Boards aforementioned shall promulgate necessary rules and regulations, set profes;ional standards for the practice of th2ir respective professions and prescribe collegiate courses for same. The Boa_rds shall report within one hundred twenty days after each examination the results therefor to the Commissioner of Civil Service, who shall in turn and with his r2commendations, submit such results to the President for approval. After approval thereof the Board concerned shall issue the registration certificate attested by the secretary entitling the candidate to whom it is issued to practice the profession for which he has taken the examination. The· same procedure shall be followed with respect to registration certificates without examination. "Except as modified by this Act, all laws governing examinations given by the above-mentioned boards shall continue in force." SEC. 2. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved, June 17, 1950. July 1950 23 The Journal or thf> Phlli1>11ine Dental Association Frlix Gonzalrs Ang•les, D.D.S. .2" July 1950 GUARDIAN OF SCHOOL CHILDREN'S TEETH By Pacifico V. Noroiia, D.l\1.D When the public schools open their doors to the country's little citizens this month, the Dental Service of the Bureau of Public Schools would have its hands full attending to the dental health of over four million pupils in addition to its teaching force of more than 82,000 teachers. Head of this government entity, the biggest dental organization in the Philippines, is a suave and soft-spoken dentist now in his late fifties-Dr. Felix Angeles. Identified with th.e public service for almost half of his lifetime, Dr. Angeles has an enviable record of having worked for 28 years along the field of dental health service, thus contributing to the spead of dental health consciousness throughout the country. Felix Angeles was born in San Fernando, Pampanga, on May 18, 1892. When he was five, his father, Teodorico Angeles, and his mother, Margarita Gonzales, took young Felix to a barrio school where an old maestro was teaching the catechism in Spanish. There the boy first learned his letters. Some years later, he enrolled in the first public school ever to be opened in San Fernando, wht::re an American soldier was the teacher. Upon completion of his second year in high school, he was sent to the Manila High School in Intramuros, then the only high school in the capital city. As a youth his ambition was to be a public health worker and, as a stepping stone, he enrolled at the Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing. In 1914 he finished his course, being among the first group of male nurses to graduate in the Philippines. His subsequent work as a registered nurse at the Philippine General Hospital did not prevent him from pursuing anothe1· course. Soon he enrolled at the Philippine Dental College, Jul)· 1950 where he i·eceived his degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery in 1918. His background and training in public health at the Philippine General :Hospital brought him to the notice of the manager of the American Red Cross who offered him a position in pioneering work -that of putting up the first school dental service in the Philippines. Seeing in this a rare opportunity to render greater service, he resigned from the hospital and accepted. said position. The life of Dr. Angeles is closely interwoven with the history of the dental service of the public schools in the Philippines. When the first dental clinic for school children was opened in 1922, under the banner of the American Red Cross, Philippine chapter, he and the late Dr. Tirso Abad were appointed field dentists, with assignment in the city of Manila. With no books for i·eference or local authority to consult on school dental health education, Dr. Angeles and his associate rolled their sleeves and began to tiickle their work in earnest. This first school dental clinic was closely watched by the division superintendents of schools and other school authorities. Dr. Angeles then was keenly aware 'that the future expension of the dental service in schools would greatly depend on the success of this venture. Years of their painstaking efforts, hoWever, were rewarded when the school authorities realized the necessity of rendering dental health service to the school children. The different division superintendents, inspired by the success of the experiment, urged the opening of other dental clinics in their divisions. In no time more dentists were being employed in order to cope with the increasing demand in the service. It -is short 25 The Journal of the Phlli1>pine Dl"ntal Association of amazing that out of its humble beginning the service had 184 dental clinics functioning all over the Philippines at the outbreak of the war in 1941. In 1927, Dr. Angeles was appointed supervisor of the rapidly expanding dental service of the Red Cross. Nine years later he was made director of the Junior Red Cross after the death of its head, Dr. Tirso Abad. Later, another major activity of the Red Cross, Disaster Relief, was added to his responsibility. During the dark days of the Japanese occupation, Dr. Angeles did his share for the allied cause by rendering service to the American civilians interned at the Sto. Tomas University camp. As director of the Red Cross Dental Service, he was permitted to help establish dental clinics inside the camp. In cooperation with Dr. Merchant, an American dentist, he was able to realize this work. Inside the camp, four or five American dentists attended to the dental health needs of the internees. Taking advantage of being allowed to enter the camp, Dr. Angeles brought in badly needed dental equipment and supplies. At the same time he relayed to the internees news about the war which he had tried to gather. Things were turning out all right until one day when the Japanese guard became suspicious and barred him from the camp. Many internees were fortunate enough to be able to have their dental needs attended to by Dr. Angeles during the early part of the occupation. Among them were the personnel of the British Embassy interned at the Embassy building in Sta. Ana and internees at the University of the Philippines on Taft A venue. In August 1942, after Dr. Angeles was barred from the Sto. Tomas camp, the Red Cross sent him to Bataan to open a hospital, of which he was made administrative officer. Through his tactful dealings with the Japanese officers, he was a.ble to get rice for the civilians and USAFFE soldiers who we1·e confined in the hospital suffering from dysentery and malaria. 26 After the liberation, the Red Cross was reorganized but it had to give up its school dental service for sometime. However, then Director Abada of Public Schools, who realized its value, worke.d for its reopening. As a result, Executive Order No. 14, dated August 28, 1946, was issued by the late President Roxas calling for the. reorganization of the school dental service. The responsibility of executing this task logically fell on the shoulders of the man best qualified for the job-Dr. Angeles. The assets of the former Red Cross dental service were turned over to the Bureau of Public Schools, in addition to its donation of thousands of pesos in cash. By September 15, 1946, the dental service was reorganized, and the first dental clinic was opened on November 6, 1946. Later, more equipment and supplies were bought for 181 clinics that were established all over the country. The most difficult problem that the service faced upon its reorganization was th; scarcity of dental equipment and supplies in the market. This problem was made more acute by the complete destruction and loss of school dental equipment during the enemy occupation and the battle for liberation. Another problem was the difficulty of attracting dentists into the service as the salary wa~ inadequate to meet the then almost prohibitive cost of living. Dr. Angeles had to go from one dental office to another in order to induce them to join the ser·vice. Today, however, after almost four years, there are more who flock into it than those who could actually be absorbed. The Dental Service is presently under the Medical and Dental Services, Department of Education, and employs 235 dentists. Despite the fact that it is the biggest dental organization in the Philippines under a central administration, yet it is not difficult to visualize the prevailing disproportion of patients to dentists. However, it is hoped that the need for more dentists will be met in the near (Coutinued on page 32) July 1950 CURRENT NEWS ITEMS President Quirino Signs Four Dental Legislations Four legislations affecting the dentists one way or another were signed sometime last month by President Elpidio Quirino. R. A. No. 546 provides for the consolidation of all examining boards, including the dental, under one separate office and that appointments of members of said boards be made by the President of the Philippines instead of the department heads concerned, as heretofore. The other statutes approved are R. A. Nos. 480, 481, and 466, the first two measures providing for 1st lieutenant as initial rnnk for army dentists and autonomy of the army dental service, respectively, and the last requiring all dentists to ·register annually. Lerma, de la Concepcion Represent PDA at FDI Meet The Philippine Dental Association will be represented at the 1950 meeting of the Federation Dentaire Internationale which will be held in Paris late this month, by Dr. Jose N. Lerma and Dr. Fernando de la Concepcion, both prominent members of the local association. The PDA delegates are now in Madrid, Spain. After the FDI confab, Dr. Lerma will proceed to America where he will also represent the PDA in different "meetings. This year's FDI meeting will mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of the interrlational federation of dentists. The Philippine Dental Association is a member of good standing of the federation. Two army dental laws that were added last month to the country's statute books were Republic Act Nos. 480 and 481. Photo above shows President Quirino signing his approval to said laws while others look on. Left to J'ight: Drs. Gaudenclo R. Ocampo, Pedro A. Bafiez, PDA president-elect; Germanico A. Carreon, PDA president; Rep. Ricardo \'. Ladrido, Gen. Mariano Castafieda, Sec. Prudencio La.ngcauon, Lt. Col. Agustin Zarate, Dr. Lf>onilo F. Antonio, Lt. Col. l\liguel R. Fernandez, and a !\falacafia.n assistant. July 1950 27 The Medpharden, an exclusive organi7.ation composed of physicians, dentists aml pharmacists in Zamboanga City has fot• its president a dentist-politician, Dr. Juan A. Bello, formPr mPmber of the Zamboanga provincial board. Picture above, taken recently, shows Dr. Herminlo Velarde, .sr., administering the oath of office to the officers. From right to left: Dr. Velarde, Dr. Bello, Mrs. C. Suarez, Dr. R. Altavas, Dr. M. Garcia, Mrs. l\I. Chan, Dr. N. Barrios, Mrs. Gatchalian, Dr. C. Villafurrte and Dr. A. Lucas. Taningco Elected Head Of Pharmaceutical Society Dr. Paulino M. Taningco, dentist, lawyer and pharmacist, was last May elected president of the Philippine Pharmaceutical Association during the national convention of the Association in Baguio City. This is not the first time Dr. Taningco heads the PPA. In 1948 he was elected to the same position which he held for one year. Professional service manager of the E. R. Squibbs & Sons, Inc., Dr. Taningco has also recently been appointed dean of the College of Pharmacy, Adamson University. Dr. Taningco finished pharmacy at the University of the Philippines, dentistry at the Manila College of Dentistry (now Manila Central University) and law at the Philippine Law School. A former chairman of the board of pharmaceutical examinars, Dr. Taningco was for many years chief of the Drng Inspection vice, Department of Health. 28 U.P. Dental Alumni Donates to Library The dental library of the college of dentistry of the University of the Philip~ pines will have more books and periodicals available as reading matters for dental students this year. This will be made possible by the recent donation of the .amount of Pl,000 by the U.P. Dental Alumni As~ociation to the state institution for the purchase of dental literature. The donation was presented to the U.P. president by the Association. Officers of the Association and the faculty members of the college of dentistry were present during the presentation of the donation. Officers of the U.P. Dental Alumni Association are: Lt. Col. Agustin L. Zarate, president; Dr. Miguel D. ·Arevalo, vice-president; Dr. Andrea Reyes, secretary-treasurer; and Dr. Fausto G. Tapiarlor, pres~ relations officer. July 1950 JADA Publishes Mid-Century Issue The Journal of the American Dental Association, official organ of the ADA, published a special Mid-Century issue last month, which was devoted to a brief summal'y of the advances in the different fields of dentistry during the last halfcentury, 1900-1950. Divided into subjects with different editors, the Mid-Century Issue carried a review of the following: Advances in Dental Science, Hamilton B. G. Robinson, D.D.S., M.S., editor; Advances in Dental Education and Licensure, Harlan H. Horner, Ph.D., Ll.D., editor; Notable Contributors to Fifty Years of Progress; Advances in Social Responsibility, Harold J. Noyes, D.D.S., M.D., editor; and Advances in Dental Literature, Gardner P. H. Foley, M.A., editor. In its editorial entitled "This First Half Century," it was pointed out that the "historian of the future may find that the greatest influence on dentistry in the first half of the 1900's was the increasing interest in, and productivity of, research," and that the "task of the next half century will be to enlarge the support for dental research, to develop greater opportunities for training a larger numbe1· of qualified research workers and for expanding inquiry into areas of dentistry not yet significantly attacked by orderly and scientific investigation." Dr. Galvan Leaving Next Month For World Tour Dr. Faustino Galvan, president of the Dagupan City Dental Society, is scheduled to leave early next month for a world tour. During his travel, he will visit various dental clinics and institutions in the major cities in the United States. He may take up short-term post-graduate dental courses in the U. S. if his time wotild permit him. He expects tO i'.eturn during the first week of December in time to attend the 22nd annual. convention of the Philippine Dental Association. July 1950 Cagayan Dentists Organize PDA Chapter Another chapter was added to the Philippine Dental Association when the dentists in Cagayan last month organized the "Cagayan de Luzon Dental SoCiety." The officers are: Dr. Tomas T. Paredes, president; Dr. Gerardo Ranjo, vicepresident; Dr. Luz Taguinod, secretary; Dr. Juana Adduru-Simaf!gan, treasurer; and Dl'S. Epifanio Pagalilauan, Rolando Achanzu, Teodolfo Ascafio, and· Oscar Duque, members of the board of directors. Davao Dental Society Honors PDA President DAVAO CITY, July 1.-Dr. Germanico A. Carreon, president of the Philippine Dental Association, was honored at a dinner banquet given by the Dav.ao Dental Society last Tuesday, June 27, at the Apo View Hotel. Dr. Carreon was on his trip to visit the PDA chapters in the Visayas and 'Mindanao when he touched at Davao. Dr. Carreon's dinner speech dealt mostly on the four bills benefiting the dental profession which were all passed and approved in Congress recently. He men· tioned about the commendation received by the Philippine Dental Association from President Quirino and Ambassado1· Romulo for all the militant, vigilant and courageous steps it has taken. He touched also on the illegal practice of dentistry which is most prevalent in Cotabato and Zamboanga and promised to study \all possible solutions to eradicate the "quack dentists". An open forum on problems of interest to the dental profession followed Dr. Carreon's speech. Present at the banquet were Dr. and Mrs. Lucio Tapia; Dr. and Mrs. Pedro Morales; Dr. and Mrs. Paulino Arcangel; Dr. and Mrs. Federico Pasagui; Mr. and Mrs. Mario Jimenez; Mr. and Mrs. Gaval'l'a; Atty. and Mrs. Cortez; Drs. Tirso Castillo, Juan Arkoncel, Mariano Pacheco, Angel ViHarica,. Ediia Estep~, Floreiitina Farrales, Basilia Crisostomo, Jose Tama .. yo, Irineo Limbo; Mariano Beltran,.,T. Astudillo.; ~iss A.rf~bo; M1:. Ongoco; M1·s. T. _Ongkiko and Atty. Castro.-r.M.;M. Z9 (!ln Open ./jtter (EDITOR'S NOTE: It is gratifying to note that the dentists today ai·e civicspirited citizens. Substmitially, what appea1·s in the letter published below was editorialized in ·the Manila Times -0n July 3. We wish to share with Maj. Ong his beautiful and patriotic thoughts and indeed we m·e proud of him.) 288 Hernandez Street Singalong Subdivision Mani I a June 13, 1950 The President of the Philippines Malacafian Palace Mani I a Your Excellency : I have read with interest your impassioned Flag Day speech, delivered at Malacafian Park yesterday, and from it I have drawn courage to write you on a matter, concerning our flag, which has been on my mind for so long now. It has to do, sir, with the practice of using cheaply printed paper flags to decorate public buildings, lamp posts and bridges during national celebrations. The practice, I believe, tends to cheapen the sac1·ed symbol of our nation's sovereignty and freedom. Phi1ippine flags made of such flimsy material cannot withstand exposure to the weather. They are very easily torn; they are frequently dropped on the ground, and stepped upon. They are mistaken by children, and even by some grown-ups, for playthings and subjected to many indignities. Weeks after the celebration is over, these paper flags, torn and shabby-looking, still hang on the lamp posts. They certainly do not add to the beauty of our city streets. More than that, they produce a very bad effect on visitors to our country, as well as on our own countrymen. Visitors carry home with them a very bad impression of us. For the manner in which we treat the symbol of our nationhood is always taken to be a reflection of the value we place on that nationhood. I would therefore suggest to His Excellency that he takes the initial step. in putting an end to this practice; so reminiscent is it of the Japanese Occupation, when paper flags were mass-produced by the thousands and on national holidays given away indiscriminately, so that after the celebrations many of these flags would be found lying .about on the streets, stepped on by many thoughtless people. The flag to them has become so coinmon and perhaps so cheap, that they are no longer bothered by the sight of their flag treated so disrespectfully. If our flag is to be used for decorative purposes, it should be made of cloth of some decent material. Then they should be taken down afterwards, and not left on the posts and buildings until they become unsightly. If the government cannot afford to do this, then let us not use the flag thus as a decoration at all. In the United States, where reverence for flag is almost perfect, you will never see American flags made of paper. The 4th of July is fast approaching and our country will once more celebrate the birth of our Republic. This time let us not make the same mistake. Let us begin creating a positive, traditional manner of venerating our flag-a tradition that will be followed by those who will come after us, that will form a part of our history. As a veteran, the National Flag means a lot to me. For we have fought to win and protect the way of life which that flag symbolizes. Let us, therefore, show the greatest respect for it at an times. Very respectfully, (Sgd.) GENARO M. ONG Major, AFP (Ret.) July~ 1950 ABSTRACTS Dental l\laterials (Advances in Dental Science, 1900-1950). By George C. Paffenbarger, D.D.S., The Journal of the American Dental Association, Vol. 4-0, No. 6, June 1950, pages 665-666. During the last fifty years, the history of operative and prosthetic dentistry is largely a story of the development of new materials, instruments, and technics combined with improvement or abandonment of the old. Although dentistry parallels the achievements in other sciences, considerable delay occurs before a new technic or instrument produced is used in this field. However, a reduction in this delay has been made by the National Bureau of Standards and the American Dental Association through research on the physical and chemical properties of dental materials and the development of specifications. Operative Dentistry.-The greatest single advancement in operative dentistry during the first half of this century is the inlay ca&ting process, and the important therapeutic material used in restorative dentistry is still amalgam. The development of an insoluble adhesive resinous cement which will not irritate the pulp will surely be one of the most important advances to come in this branch of dentistry. P1·osthetie Dentistr11.-Some of the im~ portant advances in this branch during 1900-1950 are the development of methyl methacrylate resin as denture base, supplanting hard rubher, and of investment, gold based and chl'Omium based alloys, hydrocolloidal duplicating and impressi~.ns materials. Pr~sent Statµs ~t Preventh·e Dentlstr)', By Dr. Louis J. Baume, and H. Becks, The' Journ&l of thP American Dental Association, \'ol. 40, No. r.; June 1950, pages 666--668. Discoveries in physiology and pathology have marked the beginning of the twentieth century. The ·advances in these July 1950 fields, coupled with the rapid development of biochemistry and chemotherapy from Ehrlich's 606 to Waksman's antibiotics, have resulted in a comprehensive precept of correlated pathology. Today, the goal of dental medicine is "the application of principles of human biology and the basic sciences in the managerpent and prevention of pathologic manifestations of the oral region." One of the most beneficial results which can be mentioned of this medico-dental alliance is the elimination of focal infection, and today some J!evere oral symptoms caused hy nutritional deficiences like avitaminoses in scurvy, rickets, and pellagra have almost disappeared in our people. The foremost problem that still remain in dentistry is the control and prevention of dental caries. Innumerable studies have been made in an earnest effort to elucidate its etiology, of which there are two schools at thought: (1) An overwhelming majority believe that there is sufficient evidence that caries is initiated by acids formed under bacterial plaques 'by the degradation of carbohydrates,· accompanied or followed by a bacterial disintegration of the organic substance; and (2) a smaller group who are of the opinion that the proteolytic bacterial attack produces the initial stage of the carious process. Control measures of caries have been directed either toward the indirect or predisposing factors, such as the tooth structure, or toward the direct or excit-' ing factors including the excessive refined carbohydrates and acidogenic bacteria. The tropical application of 2 per cent sodium fluoride may. reduce caries incidenc~ up to 40'/,, while proper vitamin and mineral intake offers no substantial protection against caries prevention after the complete formation of the teeth. Presently, the restriction of carbohydrate intake as well as adequate oral hygiene SL constitutes the· most effective individual measure to prevent tooth decay. Pericidontal disorders, whose prevention may be divided into the control of local irritants and functional disturbances, and the elimination of systemic factors, constitute pathologic entities of great concern to dentistry. Another preventive method in dentistry regarding prophylactic orthodontic treatment is that of control of environmental factors influencing the development of dentition. Modern Surgical Treatment of Perlodontoclasia. By A. C. Hitzelbergel', D.D.S., Dental Sur\'ey, Vol. 26, No. 6, May 1950, pages 651--654. Treatment of gum infection by surgery had been performed as early as 1780 by Kuntsman. In 1912 Pickerell of New Zealand demonstrated his method, followed yeRl's later by Dr. G V. Black of Chicago. The surgical pack introduced by Dr. A. W. Ward in 1920 was a great hoon to surgery as it controlled postoperative pain as well as prevented the formation of granulations in the interseptal spaces. The profession, however, was critical of this mode of treatment of periodontoclasia in the early days. Among the reasons for said criticism were that the operation was too radical and caused pain and riisfigurement, coupled with the fact that the operators lacked necessary training in diagnosis and surgical technic. Als'o post-operative attention was neglected, home care and patients' coopel'ation were never emphasized and periodic check-ups were never routine. Today, the foregoing details are considered. In surgical treatment of periodontoclasia, preoperative procedure is most important. The case is explained to the patient and radiographs are taken and compared with those radiographs of a healthy mouth. Models and photographs of a similar case before and after treatment are shown and the patient told of his responsibility about home care, 1·egu· lar prophylaxis and check·UpS'. 32 Surgical resection, which has been described well by Black, Ward, Krane and Kaplan, is the removal of all detached tissue for the elimination of pockets. So.metimes patients return with the ,in· terseption gingiva showing more than the normal regrowth because the profile of the bone had not been changed during the operation by means of osseous resec· tion. Osseous resection is indicated in ( 1) cases of individual pockets between cuspid and first bicuspid when there is deep involvement; (2) cases of deep mesial vertical pocket resulting from tilting of a second molar as a result of the loss of the first molar; and (3) cases when the bone on the buccal surface is resorbed causing a deep pocket. Placing the pack is most important after operation and it should be forced through the interproximal spaces and all operated areas completely covered. It is advisable to change the pack once or twice over a ten-day period in cases where the pockets are deep. Guardian of . • . (Continued from page 26) future as more funds becdme available for this purpose. Dr. Angeles has been a member of the Philippine Dental Association long before the war. For many years, he was a member of the board of trustees of the Na ti on al Dental Association and he is _also a past member of the National Research Institute. His article, "Care of Children's Teeth in the Public Schools," appeared simultaneously in two publications: the Philippine Educato1·, a month· ly magazine for teachers, and the Journal of the Philippine Dental Association. Married to the former Maria Celis, he has three young sons, two of whom are studying in college. Alfonso, his eldest son, is a civil engineer; Honoria, who is connected with the Philippine Naval Pa· trol, is presently taking up dentistry at the Philippine Dental College, and Dominador, the youngest, is a law student at the University of Santo Tomas. July 1950 DENTAL SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES IN THE PHILIPPINES DIRECTORY CENTRAL PHILIPPINE COLLEGE COLLI•:GE OF v;:NTISTRY Jaro, Iloilo CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY COLLF.GE OF DENTISTRY l\kndiolu, Sampaloc, Manila COLLEGE OF ORAL AND DENTAL SURGERY 17 40 Rizal A venue, Manila ILOILO CITY COLLEGES COLLEGF: OF DENTISTRY Iloilo City MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY l\layhaligue, cor. Feli"x Huertas, Manila NATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLF:GE OF DENTISTRY Lipa, Sampaloc, Manila PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF DENTAL MEDICINE Azcarraga, l\lanila PHILIPPINE DENTAL COLLEGE Azcarraga cor. 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