The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Issue Date: Volume XXVII (Issue No. 5) May 1951
Year: 1951
Language: English
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Source: Volume XXVII (Issue No.5) May 1951
extracted text: Published monthly in Manila by the American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines Fourth Floor, El Hogar Filipino Building — Telephone No. 2-95-70 A. V. H. Hartendorp Editor and Manager Entered as second class matter at the Manila Post Office on May 25, 1921, and on December 10, 1945 Subscription rate: P5.00 the year; $5.00 in the United States and foreign countries Officers and Members of the Board of Directors of the American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines J. A. Parrish, President; C. R. Leaber, Vice-President; F. J. Moore, Treasurer; R. J. Baker, J. H. Carpenter, Earl Carroll, J. T. Hicks, H. C. Stevenson, and Paul H. Wood. Marie M. Willimont, Executive Vice-President; I. T. Salmo, Secretary Vol. XXVII May, 1951 No. 5 Contents Editorials— Truman, MacArthur, and Korea.............................................. The Growing Damage and Evil of Import Control. . Huk-Communist Propaganda................... ................... The Filipino Businessmen’s Convention in Baguio. . Success and Failure of “East”-” West” Conferences . The Veterans of 1898.................................................................................................. "Economic and Technical Cooperation Agreement between the America and the Philippines................... ................. Trade Statistics, 1950, Compared with 1949 ........................... Still More About Government Acquisition of Landed Estates.. Ambassador Cowen on Philippine Assurance against Aggression............. The Business View— Office of the President of the Philippines. . Banking and Finance. Manila Stock Market.......... Credit.......................... Real Estate................................. Electric Power Production... Port of Manila............................ Ocean Shipping and Exports......................... Lumber....................... Mining................................................................ Copra and Coconut Oil Desiccated Coconut MJanila Hemp? Sugar....................... Tobacco..................... Imports.......... Food Products................................................ Textiles................................................................................. Legislation, Executive Orders, Court Decisions. Philippine Safety Council............... Cost of Living Index, 1946-1951................................................................ The "Let Your Hair Down” Column............................................... 139 140 140 142 ' 142 ....................................... 143 United States of ........................................................................................................................... 144 Bureau of the Census and Statistics . . 146-150 ...........,.................................................................. 151 U.S. Information Service............................... 152 Official Source. 152 G. A. Benson.. 153 A. C. Hall. . . 154 W. J. Nichols. . . 155 A. Varias............... 155 J. F. Cotton......... 156 R. L. Moore. . 157 J. G. Llamas........................... 158 L. J. Reyes....... 158 N. N. Lim................................................... 159 K. B. Day and D. C. Kf.ller 160 H. H. Curran............................. 161 F. Guettinger................................................ 162 S. Jamieson............... 163 L. A. Pujalte.................................................. 164 S. Schmelkes................................................... 165 G. L. MaGee................................................... 166 W. V. Saussotte............................................ 167 R. Janda....................... 169 F. S. Tenny..................................................... 170 Bureau of the Census and Statistics.......... 171 172 50 CENTAVOS THE COPY I v.W'Mob^t'ca'lon model of c« dealer knows the proper Io lubricate the fan—through a fitting, hole, oil cup or in ■ is an expert their relation HOOD MECHANISM The first point under t hood which your friendly Mobilgas dealer lubricates to insure that it operates lv is the hood niechWATER PUMP Your Mobilgas deale lent greases specially recommended for water pumps. These greases will not be dissolved by hot water and will not stick to the radiator core but will float to the surface even if an oversupply is forced into the system. GENERATOR AND STARTER Your Mobilgas dealer lubricates the generator and starter at specified periods in accordance with the manu facturer’s recommendations. He uses a few drops of a highly refined non gumming oil avoiding over-lubrication which may cause trouble. STEERING GEAR Your Mobilgas special lubricant for the ing gear. H< knows about sures and lubrication. DISTRIBUTOR The distributor shaft is another point that is given thorough lubrica tion by your Mobilgas dealer. He uses the right lubricant at the right place and at the right CLUTCH RELEASE BEARING Your Mobilgas dealers is familiar with every lubrication point in your car. For instance, he knows that some release bearings on older models are lubricated from under the hood through a fitting or cup. With the clutch release bearing properly lubricated, your Mobilgas dealer has given your car a complete under-thehood treatment—an important step in keeping your car running better, longer. COMPLETE UNDER-THE-HOOD LUBRICATION IS YOURS WHEN m YOU GET MOBILUBRICATION AT YOUR MOBILGAS SERVICE STATION | Mobilgas Editorials “ . . . to promote the general welfare” Truman, MacArthur, and Korea By the time this issue of the Journal will reach its readers, millions of words will have been published on the discharge of General MacArthur by Pres ident Truman, many of them very wise words; yet some comment in this Journal, published in the Philippines, where General MacArthur is known so well, will not be considered superfluous. We in the Philippines cab hardly take a partisan view of this tragic event, for although MacArthur is greatly esteemed and beloved here, President Truman is also known as a great friend of the country. All that we feel that we may say is that though there may be difference of opinion as to the President’s act itself, there can be little difference concerning the manner of it, which was one of unparalleled brusqueness. Certainly, the General, or any man in his position, and particularly one whose services to his country are so outstanding, de served greater consideration from the head of its govern ment. This was universally felt and no doubt accounts in part for the tremendous popular demonstrations of respect and admiration with which the General was greeted on his return to America. Some foreign observers have described these demon strations in San Francisco and Washington and New York and Chicago as hysterical, but while hysteria certainly must have been present, as in all such crowd-phenomena, it was far more than that and was unquestionable proof that millions of the people of the United States now favor what MacArthur has come to stand for,—a more resolute dealing with communist aggression. This has been demonstrated for all the world to see, and let the aggressors beware, for an aroused and powerful democracy is terrible in its wrath. The American people do not want a world war, nor does President Truman, nor does General MacArthur. As some commentators have pointed out, there was a considerable “area of agreement” between the President and the General, an area which will certainly grow, as we have seen only within the past few days (at this writing) in the American decision to expand the United States military advisory group in Formosa. The difference between the President (and the heads of some of the other member nations of the United Nations) and the General was chiefly one of how the “small war” in Korea was to be fought. The President is for keeping the war strictly localized as long as this is possible even at the cost of prolonging it for an indefinite period of time. MacArthur was for extending certain action to Manchuria and the Chinese mainland if necessary, with the expecta tion of thus bringing it to a quick end. The President and the heads of some other govern ments believe that such an extension would lead to Russia openly joining China and a third world war. The issue therefore revolves about a weighing of prob abilities and possibilities. The question is: which is the more dangerous,—a prolongation of the present situation in Korea, or a more decisive effort to bring it to an end? Reasoning by analogy is always dangerous, still it seems to the point to say that one does not use a sprinkling can to put out a fire. As has been said, the President has removed not only a great general, but a great “pillar of democracy” in the Far East, and this is certainly being inter preted by our foes as a gesture of appeasement, though President Truman and other government spokesmen anti cipated this and from the first denied it. But meant as appeasement or not, and accepted as appeasement or not, the removal of MacArthur has not served to halt a third major communist attempt to conquer Korea, and at this moment, a force estimated at over 500,000 men, is again throwing itself upon the greatly out numbered United Nation forces, while the newspapers reported yesterday that at Paris, Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister* Andrei Gromyko warned in a “two-hour monolo gue almost unparalleled in its belligerency” that “there will not be enough room in Korea for white crosses over 139 graves of interventionists if the fighting does not come to an end”,—that is, if the United Nations does not abandon its efforts to end the criminal communist aggression there. The hope of halting such aggression is the only hope of the world, and, ready or not, or only partly ready, the free world must meet the challenge voiced by Gromyko. The United Nations must send more troops to Korea, and they must be equipped with and permitted to unleash the ultimate in force there, and if necessary not only in Manchuria, but in Siberia. When we must use force, it is a fatal contradiction to use it gently. We may adhere to a “limited objective” if we can, but we must reach it by the shortest route. Korea is the testing ground where the United Nations must win or lose the war against aggression everywhere. The Growing Damage and Evil of the Import Control New laws and new executive orders with respect to the government import control, the abolition of PRATRA and the creation of PRISCO, changes in the membership of the Import Control Board and the Import Control Administration and in the person of the Import Control Commissioner, the appointment of businessmen as expert advisers, transfers of jurisdiction, amendments to the rules and regulations, alleged relaxations,—all these various developments have throughout a period of two or more years-been hailed as promising improvement in the control, but none has actually resulted in im provement; inefficiency and corruption still increase. The “ten-percenters” of a year ago have become "fifty percenters.” Men speak well of the new members of the Board and the new Commissioner*, but they spoke well, likewise, of their predecessors. There would always be a few weeks of hope that conditions would indeed take a turn for the better,- and then the hope would die. And that is not because the men who have successively been in charge of the control were inefficient and corrupt, but because the system itself is unmanageable and there fore inevitably inefficient and a breeder of favoritism and corruption. According to a statement of the new acting Import Control Commissioner, Mr. Demetrio S. Santos, himself, “there are many applicants who have not obtained a single license since the establishment of the Import Control Administration and there are others who have already been allotted licenses for the second quarter of 1951”. There are tens of thousands of license applications, acted and unacted upon at every stage of the processing, signed and unsigned, and un-released. Licenses granted have been suspended, invalidated, revalidated, and can celled outright. It is reported that at the present time licenses totalling $90,000,000 in amount have been issued against a total exchange available of only $25,000,000. The control is in a state of hopeless confusion and, in our opinion, will remain in such a state as long as the impossible continues to be attempted. Even if certain limited controls of this nature are possible in other countries, here we have neither the per sonnel nor. the equipment for such a task, nor has the Gov ernment the means to meet the high cost that would have to be met in instituting even a much less compre hensive system. It is a notorious fact that in a number of the divisions of the Import Control Office there are only one or two calculating- or adding-machines. Even filing cabinets are lacking! At a recent meeting with businessmen, the control •Ju«t after this was written, the newspapers reported that a strong movement had started among both Senate and Lower House members of the Commission on Appointments to reject the appointments of these men on the ground that they had been allowed to take their oaths of office before the confirmation of their ap pointments. officials, in apparent desperation, suggested that the various chambers of commerce donate personnel and equipment, and even that the chambers themselves look after the processing of applications, pass on them, and make their recommendations concerning them to the Control Office. The latter suggestion, though well meant, is also wholly unpracticable, for chambers of commerce are not staffed or equipped for such work; furthermore, there are thousands of applicants for licenses who do not belong to any chamber of commerce. Conflicting announcements have recently been issued as to the cancellation of “unused” licenses already granted, one official announcement stating that this affects only “luxuries and non-essentials” and the other that the inva lidation applies to all licenses. To the question what pro tection or recourse our importers have with respect to possible suits for breach of contract, no satisfactory answer has been given. Exporters in the United States and other parts of the •world read reports of improvements made in the control administration here and of various supposed relaxations in the application of the control, or they receive copies of official announcements which seem favorable before they learn of diametrically contrary rulings, but they receive no orders, or only trifling orders, or the orders they receive are later cancelled, yet, surely, they can no longer be in doubt of what actually is amiss or place the blame on their representatives and agents here. The import control in the Philippines is not only an unmanageable and impossible thing, but it has become an outrageous evil,—economically, politically, and socially. It and it alone is responsible for the greater part of the scarcities which exist, for much the largest fraction in the truly vicious increases in all prices, and for much of the present graft and corruption in the Government. In its attitude to this question, the public should not be misled by such terms as “non-quota” and “ex-quota” goods, for all goods regardless of this classification are subject to licensing, nor by such announcements as are published in the newspapers from time to time that certain commodities have been “de-controlled” or will be allowed to come in in “unlimited” quantities. So far, the measures taken to deal with the present fatal scarcities and ferocious prices amount to no more than the transfer from the ICO to the PRISCO of the licensing of certain imports; applica tions for licenses must still be filed; import licenses granted are still but a small proportion of the licenses asked for; and after they have been granted, it is still necessary to apply for exchange licenses to cover them, and these may still be denied, though, of late, the Central Bank has honored all the licenses issued by PRISCO. In practice, the so-called “de-control” means only that licenses are granted a little more readily, but there has been no real abandon ment of control in any case, or even any real relaxation of the control itself. We do not like to discourage the undoubtedly earnest efforts the new control authorities are making to improve the system and we regret that it may be thought that we are unappreciative of the spirit behind these efforts. But we are strongly convinced that it behooves us all to give up thinking about possible improvement and to recognize that the system is an unqualified evil which demands out right and immediate abolition. ttTT is impossible for a businessman, a capitalist, to make a profit I without exploiting and cheating workers of the fruits of their toil. It is impossible for a landlord to be prosperous or influential in our present society without robbing the peasants of their Huk- share of the harvest. ‘Social justice’ is a demagogic Communisl phrase under a society in which practically all of the Propaganda wealth and the means of making wealth are concen trated in the hands of a few individuals who, having wealth and power, fear that the poverty-stricken many might dis possess them, and therefore are ready to resort to any means to stay 140 May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 141 your air operated tools—with the 1012 Automatic Line Oiler. It shuts off the air when it runs out of oil. (Philippine Contractors Since 1905) I --------- I MERCHANDISE SALES DIVISION I Robert Dollar Bldg.. Muelle del San Francisco ! A: 23rd St.. Port Area, Manila . Tel. 3-36-61 (Connecting al! Depts.) 1 Whether you’re drilling hard rock or tough rock — either solid or frac tured— you’ll find there’s a Gardner-Denver hand-held drill of the right weight and power for the work. All are famous for their hole-cleaning ability — powerful rotation—and low air consumption. For soft or medium formations—choose the lightweight S33. For fast drilling in any but the hardest rock—choose the medium weight S55. For deep holes or the hardest rock — choose the larger, more powerful S73. For efficient drilling with carbide bits — use the new S48. For heavy duty sinking — choose the heavyweight D73, D79, or D93 drills. Gardner-Denver Company, Export Division: 2}} Broadway, New York 7, N. Y., U. S. A. Gardner-Denver Company, Quincy, Illinois, U. S. A. Atlantic, Gulf : & Pacific Go. OF MANILA | Write us for complete information, or see your local Gardner-Denver distributor. SINCE 1859 GARDNER-DENVER THE QUALITY LEADER IN COMPRESSORS, PUMPS AND ROCK DRILLS in power. It is impossible to have a clean government because the wealthy few will always bribe politicians to do their bidding and to maintain the status quo, and there will always be those who can be bribed under the present society because that is the ethics of capitalism, under which scholastic ideals become a convenient and hypocritical screen. And in our country all of these things are aggravated and made more intolerable by the vicious influence of American imperialism, which can only perpetuate its control here by the use of such methods.” '-t-'he foregoing is an extract from a letter “written in the field’’ by a Huk leader and sent to Senator Lo renzo Tanada in reply to a recent academic commencement address of his. The Senator published the letter and an swered it in another address. The whole exchange is worth reading, but we have space here only for the paragraph quoted which expressed the central theme of the letter and for some comment we desire to make. The difficulty in this, as in other similar cases, is that an assertion may be made in a few pithy words which, though entirely wrong, may take considerable argument to refute. Logically, all that such an assertion merits is a flat counter-assertion,—for example: “It is entirely possible for a businessman, a capitalist, to make a profit without exploiting and cheating workers of the fruit of their toil”. The first assertion may be false, and the counter assertion may be true, but no proof is contained in either a^ertion. And a false assertion may, if it creates a false belief, do considerable damage, though happily it generally fails to gain credence, or if this is gained, it fails to sustain it, truth being supported by the universal integration of fact, while a lie is exposed by every fact. Nevertheless, propaganda,—particular ideas and doc trines disseminated without reference to their truth but to influence action on behalf of special groups and interests, is a dangerous thing even if it is only temporarily successful, because harm can be done during the period of confusion and obfuscation. It is in fact not so much the aim of pro paganda to convince as it is to create such a period during which the plotters and connivers may fish in the troubled waters. The Huk from whose letter we have quoted, was saying nothing new, was merely repeating political and economic theories exposed as false long ago. One of these was the labor theory of value generally credited to Marx and Engels. It has long been recognized as wholly unten able. It is indeed obvious to anyone that value is ndt created by labor alone, but by the various elements of production working together, each of which element is rightfully en titled to a share in the fruit of production. And is a worker “exploited” and “cheated” because he works for a wage? Many a man out of work in this country today would like to be so “cheated”. A worker is paid a wage in accordance with the prevailing labor market, the need for labor and the supply of labor. And the need for labor is in turn determined by the demand for goods and services, or rather, the effective demand, that which can be paid for. And to be able to pay, we have to produce. The more we produce, the more there is to be shared. The absolute animal need and urge to consume and therefore first to produce, lies at the bottom of the economic process, and almost equally fundamental is the necessity of recognizing the right of private property if men are to have any incentive at all to produce beyond their most immediate needs, if there is to be any accumulation at all, any progress and civilization at all. That is the very oldest lesson which humanity has had to learn. What can be fairer and more just than the free market in which men may bargain freely for their labor, for their produce, for their land, for their capital; buy and sell, lease and loan, seek employment and quit it; enter into this or that enterprise, bequeath what they have to their loved ones, all as each may find to his own best interest, without interference or dictation from master or lord or king or tyrant. Freedom has been the age-old search and struggle of man,—freedom to live and eat and dress and think and speak and worship and work and build and move about. President Roosevelt spoke of freedom from want and fear; the first we are gaining, as in America, through a magnificent system of production; the second we shall gain when we shall have succeeded in establishing the power of the present United Nations. The Huk mentioned wealth and power; naturally the two go together, though government is therefore not necessarily plutocratic. There are various types of govern ment, and the geheral evolution of government has been toward democracy, for, when all is said and done, the many are more powerful than the few. And it behooves the many today to be careful lest they deliberately and foolishly resign their power again to the few, as under every form of totalitarianism. It was Thomas Jefferson, one of the prime movers of the American Revolution and one of the founders of the great American democracy, who wisely said that the least government is best, but under socialism, and especially under communism, the government is total, and freedom, individual, political, economic, is tyrannically suppressed and reduced to nil. Communism is not truly revolutionary; it is the blackest of reactionism, even more drastically reactionary than fascism. What the Huk said about American “imperialism” is so patently belaboring a straw man in order to distract attention from that most vicious form of imperialism the world has ever known, that of the Kremlin, that we here, in the Philippines, who know at first hand how noble the American policies have always been, must stand astounded at the effrontery of such openly false propaganda. True it is that things are not so good with us in the Philippines as they should be. We still suffer from many evils, of which poverty, which carries so many handicaps in its train, including ignorance, is the most fundamental. But the activity of the totalitarian reactionism here, headed by the Moscow-inspired Huks, has surely already suffi ciently demonstrated its demonic nature, has surely con clusively shown that it is wholly and inherently criminal, holding out neither dream nor hope. The Filipino Businessmen’s Convention in Baguio We must congratulate the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines on the success of the Second National Convention of Filipino Businessmen held under its auspices in Baguio from April 28 to May 1. It was attended by some four hundred fifty delegates from various parts of the country, a number of excellent addresses were delivered, and over a hundred resolutions were passed. As the Journal goes to press, the text of none of these was, as yet available, so comment at this time is not possible. The power of communism as a political and economic ideology has always lain in its idealism,—in the fact that it was believed by many men Success and of goodwill to project a form of Failure of “East”- social organization which would “West” Conferences promote greater freedom of the individual, greater equality be tween the classes, and greater economic security for all. It was conceived of by many as a system which would provide for economic as well as political democracy. That this is an error,—that democracy is only to be preserved by checks and balances in the social organiza tion, that a totalitarian government is inevitably tyrannical (Continued on page 174) 142 The Veterans of 1898 IT’S still dark, 5 o’clock in the morning (actually 4 o’clock)* in the Santo Tomas Internment Camp. The old men, the old Americans, veterans of the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection, are up already. They do not sleep very well, would not even if they were not always hungry, like everyone else in the Camp. Passing between buildings before 6 o’clock is forbidden by the Japanese. The old men are waiting now for the bell in the tower to strike, io they can go to the eating-sheds; sit down and wait there at the crude plank tables and benches for their breakfast of watery rice mush with only coconut-milk and no sugar, and a cup of weak tea-water. They are not strong enough to stand long in line, and want to be the first in the queues of internees which will start forming at 6:30 when the serving begins. As they wait, they hear the enemy at Nichols Field (it now has a Japanese name) tuning up their motors. The engines race and roar in the quiet morning air, though the field is four or five kilometers away. They hear the planes taking off over the silent, dead city of Manila. The old men mumble to each other in the dark. • The day before yesterday the Japanese sounded the first air-raid alarm at 8 o’clock,—the first since they occupied America’s Far Eastern capital two years and nine months ago, but the all-clear signal came at 9. However, again the alarm at 10 o’clock. Hearts rose in hope. And the all-clear has still not been sounded. Nothing has as yet happened over Manila, but the Japanese are obviously excited and their planes are flying very high. It was rumored yesterday that Clark Field at Fort Stotsenberg (also re-named, of course) had been bombed; also the field at Lipa, Batangas. There were earlier rumors that Cebu and Iloilo had been bombed, and points in Samar and Leyte. And for over a week there has been talk that American forces had landed in Mindanao.** For several nights the internees in Santo Tomas have heard the heavy rumble of mechanized enemy troops moving out of Manila, apparently headed northward. And the Filipinos seem to be doing their part; there were two big fires in Manila yesterday. Will it come today,—the long-awaited, the longdelayed attack on the enemy in Manila? It is a cloudy morning, unfortunately. Day before yesterday it was beautifully clear, but nothing happened. It did not take us three years to strike at the Spaniards in Manila forty-six years ago, the old veterans ‘say. They are old and thin and shaky on their legs, because of the semi-starvation in the Camp as September 16, 1944 much as because of their age,—these soldiers of Generals Merritt and Lawton and Chaffee and MacArthur. Some of them are Negroes of famous old cavalry regiments. These ve terans have lived in the Islands for nearly fifty years. They never went back; this is now their home. They stayed and married women of the country. They have children and grand children outside the Camp. They are looked at a little askance by the younger American businessmen and the British internees, who profited from what these old soldiers estab lished in the land. They are uncouth and simple men, the most of them; ragged and a little dirty since the Japanese closed the “Pack age-Line” many months ago and they have had to do their own washing and mending. They are not so strong as when they carried their Krags, and their eye-sight is none too good. They are very worried about their families with whom, cruelly, they are not allowed to communicate. There is hunger in the Camp, but perhaps there is worse hunger outside because of the merciless Japanese levies on all the produce of the country. There is also dysentery, typhoid, and typhus in the city where no sanitary service exists any more. The homes of the old men have been broken up, their families scattered. The half-Filipino sons of many of them were with MacArthur fils in Bataan and gave their young lives there or died miserably of malaria and dysentery and hunger in the infamous war-prisoner camps. Others of their sons are with the Filipino gue rrillas who are continuing their resistance in the mountains and jungles everywhere. The old men do not know who among their loved ones are alive and who are dead. It did not take us three years to blast the enemy in the Philippines, they say. Will they come today, at last,—our American bombers? Our winged fighters? Will we see the American emblem in the air instead of the “fried egg”, the blood-spot, the pox-mark? Oh, will it be today? Will we see the Flag again before we die? Many of us have died in the Camp this past year with none of our kin at the bed-side, without a last word. Will we grasp the hands of our sons? will we hold our grand children in our arms once more? Will we ever have bacon and eggs and bread and butter and coffee for breakfast again? Will it come today? The thunder and lightning which will scatter the savage, presumptuous foe? Wipe out their all too easy victory, and our shame?*** ______ A.V.H.H. •Daylight-saving time. Incidentally, also Tokyo time ♦♦These hopeful rumors were without foundation. ♦♦•The first American bombings of Manila came on September 21, five days after this was written. 143 Economic and Technical Cooperation Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Philippines “A new era in our national life begins today. It is an era of economic development and bold determination to succeed.”—President Elpidio Quirino PREAMBLE THE Governments of the United States of America and the Repub lic of the Philippines: Recognizing the ideals held in common by the people of the United States of America and the people of the Philippines and the close ties that have existed between them; Recognizing the intention of the Government of the Philippines to mobilize its resources to bring about the social and economic well-being of the Philippine people; Recognizing that the preservation of individual liberty, free in stitutions, and independence depend largely upon the maintenance of stable international economic relationships and sound internal eco nomic conditions; Recognizing that only a strong, independent, and democratic Philippines can participate effectively in arrangements for self-de fense to promote world peace and security in support of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations; Considering that at the request of the President of the Philippines, the President of the United States of America appointed an Economic Survey Mission in July, 1950, to consider the economic and financial conditions of the Philippines and to make recommendations for their improvement, and that the Economic Survey Mission made a detailed survey and presented a series of recommendations to achieve the end desired; Considering that the President of the Philippines in the agreement of November 14, 1950, with the Economic Cooperation Administrator, as the representative of the President of the United States of America, expressed his Government’s determination to act boldly and promptly on a program designed to fulfill the aspirations of the Philippine people; and considering that the Government of the United States of America is prepared to furnish assistance so that the Government of the Phil ippines, through its own individual efforts, through concerted efforts with other countries, and with the United Nations, may accomplish that end; Desiring to set forth the understandings which govern the fur nishing of assistance by the Government of the United States of Amer ica pursuant to this agreement, the receipt of such assistance by the Government of the Philippines, and the measures which the two Govern ments will undertake individually and together in furtherance of the above objectives; HaVe agreed as follows: ARTICLE I Assistance The Government of the United States of America will, subject to the terms, conditions, and terinination provisions prescribed by law and to arrangements provided for in this agreement, furnish the Government of the Philippines, or any person, agency, or organization agreed upon by the two Governments, such economic and technical assistance as may be requested by it and agreed to by the Government of the United States of America. ARTICLE II Undertakings In order to further the objectives of economic and social well-being and preserve free institutions for the Philippine people and to achieve the maximum benefits through the employment of assistance received from the Government of the United States of America, the Government of the Philippines will use its best endeavors to: 1. Adopt and enforce measures necessary to ensure the efficient and practical use of all resources available to it, including among other means: (a) such measures as may be necessary to insure that the com modities or services furnished under this agreement, including com modities or services obtained from the funds deposited in the Special Account under Section 1 of the Annex to this agreement, are used only for purposes agreed upon by the two Governments; and (b) the obser vation and review of the use of such commodities and services through an effective follow-up system established in agreement with the Govern ment of the United States of America, with precautions to prevent the diversion of these commodities into illegal or irregular channels of trade; 2. Initiate and further implement social, economic, and technical programs based upon the recommendations of the Economic Survey Mission and such other measures as will strengthen democratic and free institutions in the Philippines. ARTICLE III Consultation, Transmittal of Information, and Publicity 1. The two Governments will, upon the request of either of them, consult regarding any matter relating to the application of this agree ment or to operations or arrangements carried out pursuant to this agreement. 2. The Government of the Philippines will communicate to the Government of the United States of America in a form and at intervals to be determined by the latter after consultation with the Government of the Philippines: (a) Detailed information concerning projects, programs, and measures proposed or adopted by the Government of the Philippines to carry out the provisions of this agreement; (b) Full statements of operations under this agreement, including a statement of the use of funds, commodities, and services received thereunder, such statements to be made in each calendar quarter; (c) Information regarding its economy and any other relevant information which the Government of the United States of America may need to determine the nature and scope of operations under this agreement, and to evaluate the effectiveness of such operations. 3. The two Governments recognize that it is in their mutual in terest that full publicity be given to the objectives and progress of the program under this agreement and will encourage the wide dissemina tion of information relating to such program. The Government of the Philippines will make public in the Philippines in each calendar quarter full statements of operations hereunder including information as to the amount and use of funds, commodities, services, and technical assistance received. ARTICLE IV Missions 1. The Government of the Philippines agrees to receive a Special Technical and Economic Mission which will discharge the responsibi lities of the Government of the United States of America in the Philip pines under this agreement and the Government of the Philippines will, upon appropriate notification from the Ambassador of the United States of America in the Philippines, consider this Mission and its per sonnel as part of the Diplomatic Mission of the United States of Amer ica for the purpose of enjoying privileges and immunities accorded to that Mission and its personnel of comparable rank. Such Mission shall include but not be limited to experts whose services are made available to implement Article II of this agreement. 2. The Government of the Philippines will extend full cooperation to the Special Technical and Economic Mission. This cooperation shall include the provision of all information and facilities necessary to the free observation and review by the Special Technical and Eco nomic Mission of measures taken to carry out this agreement and of the use of assistance furnished under it, including the use of commodities or services obtained from the funds deposited in the Special Account under Section 1 of the Annex hereto. The Special Technical and Eco nomic Mission and its personnel may work with Philippine officials and make such general or specific recommendations in respect to meas ures taken or to be taken under this agreement as it deems necessary for the effective discharge of its responsibilities under this agreement. The Government of the Philippines will promote the free movement of the Special Technical and Economic Mission personnel to, in, or from the Philippines, facilitate the employment by such Mission of Philippine nationals and residents, and the expert nationals of third countries, cooperate in the acquisition of facilities and services at reason able prices and in other ways assist the Special Technical and Economic Mission in the performance of its duties. ARTICLE V Entry into Force, Amendment, Duration 1. This agreement shall be subject to ratification by the Govern ment of the Philippines. It shall become effective on the day on which notice of such ratification is given to the Government of the United States of America. It shall remain in force until six months after either Government shall have given notice in writing to the other of intention to terminate the agreement, provided, however, that Section 2 of the Annex to this agreement shall remain in effect until two years after the date of such notice. 2. Subsidiary agreements and arrangements negotiated pursuant to this agreement may remain in force beyond the date of termination of this agreement and the period of effectiveness of such subsidiary agreements and arrangements shall be governed by their own terms. Section 1 of the Annex to this agreement shall remain in effect until all the sums in the currency of the Philippines required to be deposited in accordance with its own terms have been disposed of as provided in that Section. 3. The Annex to this agreement forms an integral part thereof. 4. This agreement shall be registered with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the respective representatives, duly authorized for the purpose, have signed the present agreement. DONE at Manila, in duplicate, this 27th day of April, 1951.* For the Government of the United States of America: MYRON M. COWEN For the Government of the Philippines: ___________ ELPIDIO QUIRINO *Ratified by the Senate of the Philippines, May 14. 144 ANNEX Local Currency Section 1 !• * I'he provisions of this Section shall apply only with respect to asx sistance which may be furnished by the Government of the United States of America on a grant basis. 2. The Government of the Philippines will establish a special account in the Central Bank of the Philippines in the name of the Gov ernment of the Philippines (hereinafter called the Special Account) and will make deposits in pesos to this Account as follows: (a) Amounts commensurate with the indicated dollar cost to the Government of the United States of America of economic and technical assistance (including any cost of processing, storing, trans porting, repairing, or other services incident to the furnishing thereof) made available to the Philippines on a grant basis under this agreement. The Government of the United States of America shall from time to time indicate to the Government of the Philippines the dollar cost of any such assistance, and the Government of the Philippines will, upon notification, deposit in the Special Account a commensurate amount of pesos computed at the rate of exchange in force on the last day of the disbursement period covered by each notification. Such rate of exchange shall be as agreed upon at such time between the Government of the Philippines and the Government of the United States, provided that at no time shall it be lower than the par value (price of the dollars in terms of pesos) agreed with the International Monetary Fund. (b) The Government of the Philippines shall deposit, upon re ceipt, the local currency accruing to it from the sale of commodities or services supplies under this agreement, or otherwise accruing to it as a result of the import of such commodities or service. These deposits shall be counted as either deposits against the current notifications or as advance deposit pursuant to sub-paragraph (c) below. (c) The Government of the Philippines may at any time make advance deposits in the Special Account which shall be credited against subsequent notifications pursuant to this Section. 3. The Government of the United States of America will from time to time notify the Government of the Philippines of its require ments for administrative expenditures in pesos incident to operations under this agreement and for expenditures incident to the furnishing of technical assistance hereunder, and the Government of the Philip pines will thereupon make such sums available out of any balances in the Special Account in the manner requested by the Government of the United States of America in the notificatin. 4. Five per cent of each deposit made pursuant to this Section shall be allocated to the use of the Government of the United States of America for its expenditures in the Philippines and sums made avail able pursuant to paragraph 3 of this Section for administrative expen ditures shall first be charged to the amounts allocated under this para graph. 5. The Government of the Philippines will further make such sums of pesos available out of any balances in the Special Account as may be necessary to cover costs (including port, storage, handling, and similar charges) of transportation from any point of entry in the Philippines to the consignee’s designated point of delivery in the Philip pines of such commodities as are referred to in Section 3 of this Annex. 6. The Government of the Philippines may draw upon any re maining balance in the Special Account for such purposes as may be agreed upon from time to time with the Government of the United States of America. In considering proposals hereunder, both Govern ment will give priority to the needs for local currency to carry out the measures covered by this agreement. 7. Any unencumbered balance other than unexpended amounts allocated under paragraph 4 of this Section, remaining in the Special Account upon the termination of this agreement, shall be disposed of within the Philippines for such purposes as may hereafter be agreed between the governments. Section 2 Access to Materials 1. The Government of the Philippines will facilitate the transfer to the United States of America, on such reasonable terms and in such quantities and for such a period of time as may be agreed to between the two Governments, of materials in which the United States is actually or potentially deficient, giving due regard to the reasonable require ments of the Philippines for domestic use and commercial export of such materials. The Government of the Philippines will take appro priate measures to carry out the provisions of this paragraph including the promotion of increased production of such materials and the removal of hindrances to the transfer thereof. The Government of the Philip pines, upon request by the Government of the United States of Amer ica, will enter into arrangements necessary to carry out the provisions of this paragraph. Section 3 Relief Supplies 1. The Governments will, upon request of either of them, enter into negotiations for agreements (including the provision of duty-free treatment under appropriate safeguards) to facilitate entry into, and the distribution in the Philippines of goods in furtheranca of projects of relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction in the Philippines, financed by such United States voluntary, non-profit agencies as may be ap proved by the two Governments. Section 4 Procurement and Distribution 1. The Government of the Philippines will cooperate with the Government of the United States of America to assure that procure ment of commodities and services made available hereunder will be at reasonable prices and on reasonable terms. Commodities and services made available hereunder may be distributed within the Philippines on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon between the two Govern ments. Section 5 Trade Arrangements The Government of the Philippines will cooperate with other countries to reduce barriers to international trade and to take appro priate measures singly and in cooperation with other countries to elim inate public or private restrictive practices hindering domestic or international trade. It is understood that such restrictive practices referred to above mean those which: (a) Fix prices, terms, or conditions to be observed in dealing with others in the purchase, sale, or lease of any product; (b) Exclude enterprises from, or allocate or divide, any territorial market or field or business activity, or allocate customers, or fix sales quotas, or purchase quotas; (c) Discriminate against particular enterprises; (d) Limit production or fix production quotas; (e) Prevent by agreement the development or application of technology or invention whether patented or unpatented; (f) Extend the use of rights under patents, trade-marks, or copy. rights granted by either country to matters which, according to its laws and regulations, are not within the scope of such grants, or to products or conditions of production, use or sale which are likewise not the subjects of such grants; and such other arrangements as the two Governments may agree to include. Statement by United States Ambassador Myron Cowen The signing of this formal agreement, whereby the Govern ment of the United States and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines, two sovereign and independent nations, are joining in a venture to improve the lot of the ordinary person in the Philippines, is indeed a happy and significant occasion. We arrive together at another milestone in the road to peace, honor and prosperity, which our two nations have travelled together during the last half century, proving to the entire world, and most particularly to those who would impose dictatorship and oppression upon the ordinary people of the world, that our two countries not only believe in the principles of democracy, but implement these principles in a very practical manner. Most enlightened people in the world have learned that no single country, no geographical group can be sufficient to itself. Regardless of physical size, geographical location, relative prosperity, or race, color, or creed of its inhabitants, in these modern times it cannot live in isolation and for itself alone. It is only when peoples of the world can trust each other, respect the dignity and integrity of each other, that men can live in peace and happiness It is my most sincere hope that the practical aspects of democracy can be served by this agreement. I am sure that through the economic and technical aids envisaged in this agreement, the people of the Philippines will develop their own resources for the benefit of their own people, and prove to the world that democracy is a practical and vital force, and the best possible system under which free and self-respecting men can live together in peace and harmony. Statement by Vincent Checchi, acting chief, Special Technical and Economic Mission to the Philippines. The signing of the bilateral agreement today between the Philippines and the United States, which initiates formally the E.C.A. program in the Philippines, marks, in my opinion, a day that will be looked upon as having great significance in Philippine history. I am very proud of the ,small role that I have played in bringing about this agreement, which is a further demonstra tion of the solidarity and community of interests of the Philip pine and American peoples. The coming months will see the arrival of E.C.A. goods and technical assistance. Because of the demands of the Korean war and the United States defense mobilization program, these goods may in some cases be delayed or be reduced in amount from what the people of the United States would have liked to have sent. They will represent, never theless, the heartfelt contribution of one freedom-loving people to the determined efforts of another people who love freedom, made in the common cause of increasing social justice, economic opportunity, and freedom among all men. Speaking for the E.C.A. staff, I can say that we are here to help to the limit of our abilities in this effort and that we are very proud to be given the opportunity of doing so. 145 Trade Statistics, 1950, compared with 1949 By the Bureau of the Census and Statistics FOREIGN TRADE OF THE PHILIPPINES: 1950 COMPARED WITH 1949 1950 Value (Pesos) Percent 1949 Value (Pesos) Percent TOTAL TRADE. . . IMPORTS................. EXPORTS................. TRADE BALANCE: UNFAVORABLE 1,377,763,798 100.00 712,359,034 51.70 665,404,764 48.30 46,954,270 — 1,649,087,912 100.00 1,137,387,208 68.97 511,700,704 31.03 625,686,504 — TWENTY PRINCIPAL IMPORTS: 1950 AND 1949 China.......................................... Other countries....................... 2,976 2,206 14,516 17,002 1950 1949 Country of Origin Value Value 6. Paper and manufactures........ 35,553,746 47,919,780 (Pesos) (Pesos) 1. Cotton and manufactures.. . . 74,475,582 133,791,804 United States.......................... 32,074,100 43,608,350 Canada...................................... 517,698 1,487,176 United States.......................... 60,701,108 118,225,192 Hongkong................................. 512,132 33,556 Hongkong................................. 4,756,642 723,300 Japan.......................................... 425,792 160,978 Japan.......................................... 4,709,286 5,504,584 Hawaii....................................... 378,378 603,198 Great Britain........................... 1,514,118 1,183,610 Netherlands............................. 290,556 61,754 China.......................................... 943,422 4,488,742 China.......................................... 272,476 178,432 India........................................... 708,962 83,758 Spain.......................................... 270,286 509,858 Switzerland............................... 548,520 2,842,136 Sweden....................................... 226,742 495,392 France........................................ 409,378 221,078 Austria....................................... 117,376 65,024 Belgium..................................... 76,460 216,386 Other countries....................... 468,210 716,062 Italy........................................... 64,830 230,772 Other countries....................... 42,856 72,246 7. Machinery and parts of (ex cept agricultural and elec 2. Mineral oils (petroleum trical) ................................................ 34,461,592 47,940,248 products)......................................... 69,017,974 65,257,244 United States.......................... 25,484,536 41,200,780 Indonesia................................... 31,430,928 31,341,558 Italy........................................... 2,581,578 18,462 British East Indies................ 18,533,384 11,813,286 Great Britain........................... 2,009,176 2,379,932 United States........................... 8,565,964 13,904,772 Japan.......................................... 1,606,654 1,358,784 Arabia........................................ 8,548,534 7,489,178 Canada...................................... 796,760 1,384,284 Iran............................................. 1,841,760 675,132 Germany................................... 669,376 130,720 China.......................................... 46,936 6,442 Hongkong................................. 590,468 20,268 Canada...................................... 31,796 7,948 Hawaii....................................... 191,854 60,626 Hongkong................................. 18,620 — Sweden....................................... 170,824 300,058 Switzerland.............................. 52 — China.......................................... 136,984 75,988 Great Britain........................... 18,928 Other countries....................... 223,382 1,010,346 3. Iron and steel and manufac 8. Automobiles, parts of, and tures ................................................... 55,104,434 79,539,946 tires.................................................... 33,410,966 62,342,820 United States.......................... 29,210,462 50,356,426 United States........................... 33,232,562 62,091,508 Japan.......................................... 13,981,582 14,764,372 Great Britain........................... 138,666 175,876 Belgium..................................... 4,266,110 . 7,755,386 Hongkong................................. 11,852 7,408 Great Britain........................... 3,309,592 1,973,510 France........................................ 10,784 22,240 Germany................................... 2,238,160 1,014,734 Belgium..................................... 6,348 — Hongkong................................. 999,170 577,048 Canada...................................... 6,258 22,966 China.......................................... 378,312 1,333,320 Spain.......................................... 2,980 — Luxemburg............................... 181,122 222,618 China.......................................... 1,000 4,620 Sweden....................................... 155,096 247,746 Japan.......................................... 324 10,546 Netherlands............................. 116,276 50,430 Italy........................................... 118 — Other countries....................... 268,552 1,244,356 Other countries....................... 74 7,656 4. Grains and preparations......... 50,854,010 88,783,500 9. Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medicines........................................ 33,327,604 36,543,088 United States.......................... 25,539,734 54,327,370 Canada...................................... 2 2,091,670 18,201,230 United States.......................... 31,093,386 35,178,024 Siam........................................... 1,242,374 10,232,688 Switzerland.............................. 781,270 441,664 Australia................................... 531,864 107,580 Great Britain........................... 325,198 110,306 China......................................... 460,206 1,148,818 Hongkong................................. 213,874 18,294 Denmark................................... 357,870 97,182 France........................................ 200,218 107,636 Hongkong................................. 215,616 182,902 Germany................................... 134,696 19,252 Malaya...................................... 174,510 — Italy............................................ 100,874 68,858 Germany................................... 169,418 — Sweden....................................... 90,318 103,964 Great Britain........................... 51,832 92,230 Netherlands............................. 72,220 96,510 Other countries....................... 18,916 4,393,500 China......................................... 67,120 118,902 Other countries....................... 248,430 279,678 5. Dairy products.............................. 36,839,720 46,834,558 10. Rayon and other synthetic United States.......................... 34,446,042 43,907,210 textiles.............................................. 32,053,264 96,143,594 Australia................................... 1,025,434 1,375,318 Switzerland............................. 732,700 642,694 United States.......................... 31,775,494 95,675,110 Netherlands............................. 408,972 454,322 Switzerland.............................. 74,854 92,322 New Zealand............................ 110,084 247,720 Hongkong................................. 59,676 38,344 Canada...................................... 50,108 — Japan.......................................... 40,482 77,756 Denmark................................... 41,118 153,138 France....................................... 30,104 93,668 Belgium..................................... 14,594 22,638 Belgium..................................... 21,636 43,096 Great Britain.......................... 5,486 — Germany................................... 8,908 1,776 146 Sweden....................................... 8,614 China.......................................... 7,594 Italy............................................ 7,164 Other countries ..................... 18,738 11. Electrical machinery and ap paratus.............................................. United States........................... Hongkong................................. Japan.......................................... Netherlands:........................... China.......................................... Great Britain........................... Canada...................................... Hawaii....................................... Germany................................... Spain........................................... Other countries....................... 12. Tobacco and manufactures... United States.......................... Hongkong................................. Great Britain........................... China.......................................... Canada...................................... Malaya...................................... British East Indies................ 13. Fish and fish products............. United States.......................... Canada...................................... Portugal..................................... China.......................................... Japan.......................................... Mexico....................................... Spain........... .............................. Hongkong................................. Indonesia................................... Norway..................................... Other countries....................... 14. Non-ferrous metals and manufactures................................ United States.......................... Japan.......................................... - Germany................................... Great Britain........................... Malaya...................................... Switzerland.............................. Hongkong.............................., . Sweden..................................... China.......................................... Netherlands............................. Other countries....................... 15. Fertilizers and fertilizing materials.......................................... United States.......................... Canada...................................... Germany................................... France....................................... Hongkong................................. China.......................................... Belgium..................................... Great Britain.......................... 26,241,528 25,464,288 201,224 195,386 105,332 78,106 52,446 46,312 25,380 22,556 20,288 30,210 23,135,572 23,134,482 946 84 46 12 2 14,970,726 14,148,420 256,596 148,554 136,604 132,930 49,806 48,398 13,950 13,030 11,604 10,834 14,486,918 12,079,932 842,668 452,192 217,528 190,976 136,052 133,354 108,328 95,274 69,060 161,554 13,747,758 11,955,858 1,626,638 94,278 53,830 11,126 3,262 2,010 756 16. Vehicles, other than automo biles, and parts............................. 12,263,880 United States........................... 9,852,122 Japan.......................................... 2,065,782 Germany................................... 163,678 Belgium..................................... 123,772 Great Britain........................... 28,020 Hongkong................................. 14,912 China.......................................... 4,740 Netherlands............................. 4,210 Australia................................... 4,200 Italy............................................ 1,386 Other countries....................... 1,058 17. Leather and manufactures.. . 11,691,362 United States........................... 10,048,684 Australia................................... 1,390,224 India........................................... 102,346 4,310 59,800 Hongkong................................. China.......................................... 63,822 28,212 75,954 191,544 21,132 Canada...................................... 24,530 8,428 36,280 Great Britain........................... 20,268 28,476 Japan.......................................... 11,346 7,848 Spain.......................................... 538 2,854 38,527,020 Siam............................................ 364 162 Other countries....................... 1,028 15,206 37,293,996 52,172 18. Jute and other fibers................. 11,201,810 10,586,708 130,610 477,540 India.......................................... 3,533,332 10,329,406 155,840 Italy............................................ 3,447,546 14,244 47,610 United States........................ 2,141,020 201,106 158,948 Japan.......................................... 1,735,638 — — Belgium..................................... 144,700 — 4,182 Spain.......................................... 101,758 — 49,918 Canada...................................... 45,460 — 156,204 Hongkong................................. 45,050 — Great Britain........................... 7,306 4,394 35,490,628 Hawaii....................................... — 17,126 Other countries....................... — 20,432 35,448,200 42,252 19. Glass and glass products......... 9,654,136 16,227,664 104 — United States.......................... 7,094,630 14,290,674 42 Belgium..................................... 1,412,816 1,051,146 Czechoslovakia........................ 268,646 136,846 30 Japan.......................................... 151,024 252,040 Great Britain........................... 139,982 67,812 32,682,050 Hongkong................................. 127,420 47,110 Germany................................... 79,878 53,066 30,409,360 France........................................ 67,658 24,248 749,146 Sweden....................................... 67,192 8,638 295,886 China.......................................... 59,304 187,170 475,886 Other countries....................... 185,586 108,914 216,660 270,990 20. Vegetable and preparations. . 7,220,314 18,696,906 115,694 19,032 United States.......................... 4,825,902 15,041,314 — China.......................................... 1,053,886 1,797,704 53,138 Egypt......................................... 715,884 681,420 76,258 Japan.......................................... 410,836 398,062 Hongkong................................. 111,104 129,472 Mexico....................................... 53,402 242,902 25,610,180 Australia................................... 34,822 304,214 Canada...................................... 6,618 85,062 23,007,758 Cyprus Island......................,. 3,680 — 1,829,400 India........................................... 2,116 2,282 38,922 Other countries....................... 2,064 14,474 111,188 220 Other imports................. 112,646,138 210,654,788 110,854 38,030 Total imports.................. 712,359,034 1,137,387,208 196,030 TWENTY PRINCIPAL EXPORTS: 1950-1949 107,508 •98,472 1 9 5 0 1 9 4 9 Article and Value Value Country Unit Quantity (Pesos) Quantity (Pesos) 6,820,888 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17,349,984 615,160 United States... 9,916 Japan.................. 2,358,634 1. Copra 2,810,302 Total.............Kilo 698,490,405 272,831,914 528,747,360 — ‘ United States.. . 439,090,628 170,435,552 355,896,665 40,590 Belgium.............. 35,132,809 13,706.045 8,689,814 — Netherlands. . .. 30,789,360 12,490,176 7,472,206 5,666 Switzerland.... 30,266,100 12,058,481 5,791,200 1,605,696 Japan................... 29,405,255 11,931,338 9,423,400 — Italy.................... 24,016,226 9,215,997 26,990,025 Venezuela........... 22,811,028 8,747,588 — 18,688,262 Canada............... 21,666,229 8,294,644 14,833,009 Colombia............ 18,070,460 7,032,722 1,016,000 16,919,064 Norway............... Other countries. 14,909,800 32,332,510 5,609,878 13,309,493 7,866,000 90,769,041 332,618 92,168 2. Sugar, cen 1,063,250 trifugal 152,138 Total............ Kilo 438,850,060 97,679,891 414,982,524 45,896 — — 4,874 United States.. . 438,849,925 97,679,823 414,982,524 46*048 Japan................... 135 68 1,660 3. Abaca, unmanu 13,714 factured (Manila 18,305,532 Total............Bales 753,016 80,265,488 501,099 377,229 44,602,562 221,103 119,192 12,179,384 101,497 179,285,818 118,722,094 2,841,623 2,634,306 2,097,580 3,390,406 8,911,216 4,603,463 32,512 2,687,232 33,365,386 90,464,340 90,464,340 57,802,294 27,816,531 11,014,744 147 Great Britain... 87,626 8,260,495 42,388 4,768,607 France................. 26,680 2,167,548 25,899 2,446,579 Germany............ 20,866 1,996,805 19,138 2,273,428 Norway............... 14,200 1,560,256 4,970 554,982 Denmark............ 14,624 1,290,140 16,301 1,602,410 Belgium.............. 13,317 1,243,663 8,365 854,573 Hongkong........... 13,215 1,014,393 13,808 1,218,654 Netherlands. . . . 12,634 880,635 14,745 1,396,087 Other countries. 53,433 5,069,607 32,885 3,855,699 4. Desiccated coconut Total.............Kilo 72,869,462 47,935,667 57,636,664 38,732,640 United States. 69,992,604 45,911,273 56,035,807 37,537,398 Canada............... 1,956,227 1,377,008 1,296,119 950,987 Belgium.............. 716,528 513,140 205,035 170,375 Hongkong........... 115,439 76,485 1,361 1,110 Switzerland. . . . 43,199 26,459 44,429 33,915 Italy.................... 22,789 15,692 4,989 3,740 Hawaii................ 22,676 15,610 48,924 35,115 5. Coconut Oil Total............ Kilo 71,436,627 43,476,033 61,304,376 35,018,835 United States. . 65,817,039 40,025,836 49,737,276 27,709,880 British Africa.. . 2,717,974 1,651,444 1,593,164 834,288 Switzerland . . . 1,290,320 868,362 £,319,832 1,577,217 Venezuela........... 847,615 562,622 — — Poland................. 729,426 339,084 — — Hongkong.......... 19,883 16,160 4,774 3,214 Guam.................. 6,049 5,321 10,442 8,574 China.................. 5,102 4,613 — — Japan.................. 3,219 2,591 64,862 35,694 Italy.................... — — 3,812,593 2,326,640 Other countries. — — 3,761,433 2,523,328 6. Logs, lumber, and timber. Total... Bd. Ft. 136,551,662 19,638,110 43,382,030 6,520,563 United States.. . 61,978,078 9,524,999 20,429,201 3,883,150 Japan.................. 55,467,762 7,618,409 11,274,080 997,639 China.................. 8,021,573 797,592 1,967,529 297,343 Hongkong........... 3,717,106 362,581 2,706,791 305,494 British Africa. . 1,764,149 344,311 1,928,423 428,406 Hawaii................ 990,745 263,560 158,749 54,195 Korea.................. 1,852,160 240,150 3,457,567 264,694 Canada............... 1,492,110 215,127 355,576 52,047 Guam.................. 479,387 84,694 297,918 52,319 Ireland*.............. 326,412 80,376 Other countries. 462,180 106,311 806,196 185,276 7. Pineapple, canned Total............ Kilo 66,506,033 19,362,762 40,429,181 13,675,427 United States.. . 66,505,908 19,362,675 40,429,181 13,675,427 France................. 100 72 — • — Spain................... 25 15 8. Base metals, ores, and concentrates Total............ Kilo 857,399,541 18,002,819 629,782,181 16,896,988 United States.. . 261,254,851 9,443,378 249,943,786 11,360,405 Japan.................. 585,950,690 8,300,281 358,380,475 5,095,045 Canada............... 9,982,400 252,000 4,064,000 82,000 Italy.................... 211,600 7,160 — — Great Britain... 17,383,760 359,038 Spain................... — — 10,160 500 9. Embroideries, cotton and silk Total.................... — 11,276,352 — 11,969,873 United States.. . — 11,239,891 — 11,945,262 Japan.................. — 33,502 — — Guam.................. — 2,750 — 10,164 Hawaii................ — 209 — 12,387 Hongkong.......... — — — 2,000 Indonesia........... - 60 10. Copra meal or cake Total............ Kilo 59,944.881 6,219,572 65,549,338 5,858,769 United States.. . 46,146,453 4,619,143 44,905,809 4,190,475 Denmark............ 11,888,429 1,405,293 18,293,300 1,506,460 Hawaii................ 1,554,399 160,936 1,227,409 100,912 Belgium.............. 355,600 34,200 Netherlands . . . 1,117,720 60,222 Guam.................. — — 5,100 700 11. Rope Total............ Kilo 4,034,551 4,000,424 3,173,456 3,626,524 United States.. . 2,012,469 2,129,304 867,648 983,630 Hongkong........... 450,422 359,445 50,587 51,495 French East In dies.................. 285,356 265,033 129,759 154,505 Indonesia........... 225,733 244,333 193,365 241,165 Peru..................... 200,315 203,083 103,828 125,553 Porto Rico......... 230,921 172,669 181,719 175,013 Siam.................... 158,319 144,395 101,166 93,734 Venezuela........... 91,090 89,411 54,295 62,689 China.................. 60,294 69,334 40,383 51,948 British Africa.. . 36,910 56,961 — — Other countries. 282,722 266,456 1,450,706 1,686,792 12. Gold and concentrates Total.................... — ^3,943,528 — 4,190,669 United States.. . " 3,886,672 —— ~3j97,5f5 Great Britain... — 56,856 — 393,154 13. Tobacco and manufactures Total.. ................ — 3,473,266 — 4,333,026 Spain................... 2,119,660 — ” 3,444,821 French East In dies .................. — 382,214 — 170,131 United States.. . — 328,390 — 292,293 Belgium.............. — 288,596 — 153,539 Hongkong........... — 188,604 — 149,856 Australia............. — 67,138 — 12,054 Hawaii................ — 49,200 — 30,423 Guam.................. — 19,328 — 28,844 Spanish Africa.. — 12,000 — — Switzerland. . . . — 7,711 — 5,775 Other countries. — 10,425 — 45,290 14. Scrap metals Total.............Kilo 29,766.478 3,304,532 77.672,585 8,132,993 United States.. . 21,809,153 2,407^963 44,759,296 2,985,519 India.................... 992,665 668,709 4,173,494 2,704,270 Hongkong........... 6,415,880 128,010 3,158,387 178,940 Japan.................. 81,280 51,850 — — Malta, Gozo Cyprus Is. . 190,000 38,000 — — China................... 37,500 7,000 1,090,900 38,500 Israel................... 240,000 3,000 — — Indonesia........... — — 1,671,913 1,143,141 Argentina........... — — 17,807,991 841,610 Great Britain. . — — 4,330,000 173,200 Other countries. — — 680,604 67,813 15. Shells and manufactures Total.................... — 1,866,779 — 1,126,817 United States.. . — 1,824,527 — 1,121,817 Japan.................. — 23,580 — — — 9,746 — — Italy.................... — 5,625 — — Canada............... — 3,241 — — Hawaii................ — 60 — — Indonesia........... — — — 4,600 Switzerland. . . — — — 350 Argentina........... - - 50 16. Rattan fur niture Total.................... — 1,376,053 — 986,757 United States.. . 903,728 487,203 Hawaii................ — 265,991 — 220,940 Panama, Repub lic...................... — 94,642 — 54,093 Porto Rico......... — 57,023 — 28,451 Guam.................. — 32,675 — 65,782 Japan.................. — 8,308 — 76,504 Korea.................. 4,388 Hongkong........... — 2,774 — 5,837 Israel................... — 1,764 — — British Oceania. — 1,208 — — Other countries. — 3,552 — 47,947 148 17. Chemicals Total.................... 1,244,458 — 1,357,572 19. Molasses Total.............Kilo 58,534,815 1,074,554 50,138,125 1,225,626 United States... — 1,188,034 — 1,110,069 Japan.................. 35,358,252 687,264 19,100,757 472,892 Siam.................... — 54,603 — 77,770 Siam.................... 14,920,563 234,070 5,134,448 112,839 Hongkong........... — 1,266 — 97,986 Hongkong........... 8,255,920 153,170 — — Japan................... — 555 — — France................. 80 50 — — Malaya............... — — — 71,639 Great Britain... — — 25,390,856 624,775 Guam.................. — — — 108 United States... — — 512,064 15,120 18. Abaca ma- 20. Buntal Hats nufactures Total..............No. 166,924 640,313 218,132 886,152 other than rope Total.................... - 1,167,456 - 450,010 United States.. . Switzerland. . . . 163,082 3,842 622,657 17,656 213,187 2,520 863,526 10,309 United States.. . 1,073,615 — 417,466 France................. 1,500 7,590 Hawaii................ — 54,529 — 9,644 Italy.................... — — 900 4,530 Porto Rico......... — 19,693 — — Guam.................. — — 17 129 Japan.................. — 7,820 — — Hawaii................ — — 8 68 British Africa.. . — 3,147 — — Switzerland. . . . — 2,682 — 795 Other exports. 18,036,899 8,121,591 Hongkong........... — 2,518 — — Peru..................... — 1,615 — — Re-exports. 8,587,894 21,037,420 Siam.................... — 1,116 — 10 Canada............... — 538 — 182 Total exports. 665,404,764 511,700,704 Other countries. — 183 — 21,913 FOREIGN TRADE BY COUNTRIES, 1950 Country Total Trade Per Cent Imports Per Cent Total Export Per Cent Domestic Re-exports Distribution Distribution Distribution Exports Total...................... ........... Pl,377,763,798 100.00 P712.359.034 100.00 P665.404.764 100.00 P656,816,870 P 8,587,894 United States......................... 1,003,643,131 72.85 522,346,972 73.33 481,296,159 72.33 478,359,266 2,936,893 Japan......................................... 71,920,730 5.22 29,780,492 4.18 42,140,238 6.33 41,518,581 621,657 Canada..................................... 37,043,987 2 69 26,144,850 3.67 10,899,137 1.64 10,868,343 30,794 Indonesia................................. 33,971,180 2.47 32,543,582 4.57 1,427,598 .21 245,013 1,182,585 Belgium.................................... 22,683,927 1.65 6,619,508 93 16,064,419 2.41 16,064,419 — Great Britain......................... 18,838,697 1.37 10,485,434 1.47 8,353,263 1.26 8,345,878 7,385 British East Indies.............. 18,741,493 1 .36 18,702,940 2.63 38,553 .01 1,053 37,500 Italy.......................................... 16,827,470 1.22 6,613,586 .93 10,213,884 1.53 10,163,884 50,000 Switzerland.............................. 15,847,907 1.15 2,862,058 .40 12,985,849 1 95 12,983,960 1,889 Netherlands............................. 14,807,506 1.07 1,353,566 .19 13,453,940 2.02 13,447,968 5,972 Hongkong................................ 13,531,216 .98 10,179,608 1.43 3,351,608 .50 2,942,523 409,085 China......................................... 9,783,259 .71 7,201,956 1 01 2,581,303 .39 1,454,959 1,126,344 Venezuela................................. 9,402,096 .68 — — 9,402,096 1.41 9,401,896 200 Arabia....................................... 8,562,913 .62 8,548,534 1.20 14,379 — 14,379 — Germany................................... 8,402,524 .61 5,033,722 .71 3,368,802 .51 3,360,402 8,400 Norway..................................... 7,482,726 .54 312,592 .04 7,170,134 1 08 7,170,134 — Colombia.................................. 7,032,738 .51 16 — 7,032,722 1.06 7,032,722 — India.......................................... . 6,283,869 .45 4,642,158 .65 1,641,711 .25 1,601,723 39,988 France....................................... 5,894,031 .43 1,293,144 .18 4,600,887 .69 4,600,887 — Sweden..................................... 5,259,984 .38 ■ 1,108,530 .16 4,151,454 .62 4,146,454 5,000 Australia.................................. 4,916,430 36 3,475,612 .49 1,440,818 .22 222,088 1,218,730 Korea........................................ 4,872,973 .35 42 — 4,872,931 .73 4,856,931 16,000 Israel.......................................... 3,805,580 .28 — — 3,805,580 .57 3,727,510 78,070 Spain......................................... 3,484,588 .25 1,314,514 .18 2,170,074 .33 2,163,824 6,250 Denmark.................................. 3,151,741 .23 456,308 .06 2,695,433 .40 2,695,433 — British Africa......................... 2,875,922 .21 3,584 — 2,872,338 .43 2,863,858 8,480 Brazil.............. .......................... 2,089,400 .15 2,089,400 .29 — — — — Thailand (Siam)................... 2,035,634 .15 1,442,614 .20 593,020 .09 503,442 89,578 Hawaii...................................... 1,950,339 .14 806,994 .11 1,143,345 .17 1,126,891 16,454 Iran (Persia).......................... 1,842,210 .13 1,842,210 .26 — — — — Ireland...................................... 1,119,365 .08 1,484 — 1,117,881 .17 1,117,881 — French East Indies............. 1,047,682 .08 76 — 1,047,606 .16 647,247 400,359 Argentina................................. 836,936 .06 747,734 10 89,202 .01 89,202 — Ceylon................... ................... 802,576 .06 802,576 .11 — — — — Egypt........................................ 732,550 .05 717,136 .10 15,414 — 1,414 14,000 Guam................ 667,732 .05 888 — 666,844 .10 420,236 246,608 Uruguay................................... 619,316 .04 619,196 .09 120 — 120 — Lebanon................................... 596,200 .04 596,200 .09 596,200 — Malaya..................................... 557,007 .04 474,198 ■ 07 82,809 .01 64,349 18,460 Porto Rico.............................. 436,692 .03 112 — 436,580 .07 436,480 100 Syria.......................................... 431,325 .03 110 — 431,215 .06 431,215 — Poland....................................... 378,356 .03 39,272 .01 339,084 .05 339,084 — Costa Rica.............................. 331,324 .02 331,324 .05 — — — — Czechoslovakia...................... 300,684 .02 297,270 .04 3,414 — — 3,414 Mexico...................................... 275,066 .02 275,066 .04 — — Portugal................................... 239,607 .02 212,202 .03 27,405 — 27,405 — Panama, Republic of.......... 238,585 .02 40 — 238,545 .04 238,545 — Peru........................................... 207,500 .02 — — 207,500 .03 207,500 — Cyprus Island........................ 189,214 .01 151,214 .02 38,000 .01 38,000 — Luxemburg.............................. 181,122 .01 181,122 .03 — — — — New Zealand.......................... 177,580 .01 110,084 .02 67,496 .01 67,496 — Austria...................................... 144,574 .01 144,594 .02 — — — — Chile.......................................... 78,972 .01 900 — 78,072 .01 78,072 — Finland..................................... 28,304 — 28,284 — 20 — 20 — Ecuador................................... 26,706 — 920 — 25,786 — 25,786 149 Dutch East Indies................. 18,165 — — — 18,165 — 18,165 Spanish Africa.......................... 15,173 — — — 15,173 — 12,000 3,173 Panama Canal Zone............. 13,551 — — — 13,551 — 13,551 — Newfoundland and Labrador 12,579 — — — 12,579 — 12,579 — Turkey........................................ 11,280 — - 100 — 11,180 — 11,180 — Cuba............................................ 9,126 — 7,702 — 1,424 — 1,424 8,848 — Other U. S. Possessions. . .. 8,848 — — — 8,848 — — Guatemala................................. 8,570 — — — 8,570 — 8,570 — Dominican Republic.............. 6,894 — — — 6,894 — 6,894 — Morroco. .................................... 6,480 —. 6,480 — — — — — Dutch Guiana.......................... 5,249 — — — 5,249 — 5,249 — Nicaragua............ <................... 5,094 — 3,632 — 1,462 — 1,462 — Burma......................................... 4,526 — — — 4,526 — 4,526 San Salvador............................ 3,750 — — — 3,750 — 3,750 — Honduras................................... 1,317 — — — 1,317 — 1,317 — British Oceania........................ 1,208 — — — 1,208 — 1,208 — Pakistan..................................... 812 — 812 — — — — — P656.816.870 FOREIGN TRADE BY NATIONALITY OF TRADERS, 1950 Domestic Nationality Total Trade Imports Exports Exports Re-Exports Total.................................................................... American............................................................ Chinese................................................................ Filipino................................................................ British.................................................................. Spanish................................................................ Danish................................................................. Swiss.................................................................... Indian (Hindu)................................................ French.................................................................. German............................................................... Syrian.................................................................. Swedish............................................................... Dutch.................................................................. Indonesian......................................................... Argentinian........................................................ Cuban.................................................................. Fortuguese......................................................... Norwegian.......................................................... Australian........................................................... Irish (Free)....................................................... Paraguayan....................................................... Jewish.................................................................. Belgian................................................................ Armenian............................................................ Hungarian........................................,............... Czech................................................................... Austrian.............................................................. Ecuadorian........................................................ Italian.................................................................. Abyssinian......................................................... Greek ,.................................................................. Egyptian............................................................. British Malayan.............................................. Polish................................................................... Bolivian.............................................................. Slovakian........................................................... Turkish................................................................ Siamese................................................................ Russian............................................................... Korean................................................................ All other............................................................. ^1,377,763,798 P7J2,359,034 P665.404.764 555,448,631 226,547,746 328,900,885 337,010,972 220,891,554 116,119,418 318,156,131 197,444,666 120,711,465 80,738,957 43,683,840 37,055,117 46,558,957 4,580,450 41,978,507 18,493,452 1,169,006 17,324,446 11,432,297 11,185,722 246,575 5,175,975 5,169,336 6,639 1,968,061 252,760 1,715,301 1,224,353 15,542 1,208,811 542,408 541,588 820 417,266 • 417,266 — 94,508 47,382 47,126 88,650 5,666 82,984 73,112 73,112 — 43,666 43,666 — 41,218 41,218 — 40,258 40,258 — 39,038 39,038 — 38,484 38,48 4 — 36,144 36,144 — 21,074 17,724 3,350 16,282 16,282 — 12,044 12,044 — 11,212 11,040 172 8,274 8,274 — 3,530 3,580 — 3,068 3,068 — 2,862 • 2,862 — 2,664 2,664 — 2,044 2,044 — 1,055 — 1,055 506 506 — 374 374 — 344 344 — 336 336 — 260 260 — 192 192 — 88 88 — 42 42 — 14,959 12,866 2,093 P 8,587,894 Port of Entry 324,344,964 115,706,300 117,660,804 37,044,306 41,972,727 17,324,446 233,424 4,359 1,309,328 1,208,811 820 4,555,921 413,118 3,050,661 10,811 5,780 13,151 2,280 405,973 2,326 44,800 — 82,984 3,200 150 — 172 1,055 — 2,093 FOREIGN TRADE DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR 1950, COMPARED WITH 1949, BY PORTS OF ENTRY Total Trade T-------”-------------------------------------- -----------------------------*■=---------- - "-----Pesos Imports 1950 1949 1950 1949 (Domestic and re-exports) 1950 1949 Domestic exports Pesos Re-exports 1950 1949 1950 1949 Total................................. 1,377,763,798 1,649,037,912 1,712,359,024 1,137,387,208 665,404,764 511,700,704 656,816,870 490,663,284 8,587,894 21,037,420 Manila. JoloaC.°'............................ Zamboanga...................... J. Panganiban................. Tacloban........................... San Fernando................. Cagayan de Oro (1).. .. 810,622,600 248,541,217 113,591,330 52,675,018 37,410,620 6,765,615 27,864,453 13,790,993 36,050,712 18,667,334 11,783,906 1,176,759,192 224,450,783 109,488,430 44,326,661 16,770,727 5,420,294 20,865,233 9,364,569 60,746 29,875,337 11,705,940 618,926,382 60,704,524 25,276,378 1,526,586 11,376 50,904 877,966 52,222 3,281,520 1,651,052 1,006,503,110 94,876,848 27,631,246 2,512,674 7,562 234,350 718,828 213,402 9,246 15,074 4,664,868 191,696,218 187,836,693 88,314,952 51,148,432 37,399,244 170,256,082 129,573,935 81,857,184 41,813,987 6,714,711 26,986,487 13,790,869 35,998,490 15,385,814 10,132,854 16,763,165 5,185,944 20,146,405 9,151,167 51,500 29,860,263 7,041,072 (1) Opened October 1950 184,341,392 186,799,578 88,305,881 51,148,432 37,399,244 150,518,422 129,344,059 80,792,155 41,813,987 7,354,826 1,037,115 9,071 19,737,660 229,876 1,065,029 6,711,411 26,984,722 13,790,869 35,998,490 15,203,997 10,132,854 16,763,165 5,184,094 20,146,405 9,151,167 51,SOO 29,857,258 7,041,072 3,300 1,765 1,850 181,817 3,005 150 Still more about Government Acquisition of Large Landed Estates EDITOR’S Note:—In the February issue of this Jour nal we published, in the form of an article, a letter from Mr. Zoilo Castrillo, Administrative Officer of the Bureau of Lands, regarding the government purchase of the old Friar Lands during the administration of GovernorGeneral William H. Taft and subsequent purchases of large landed estates by the Rural Progress Administration. In the April issue we published additional information concerning the Rural Progress Administration purchases, embodied in a table. We found certain discrepancies be tween the figures in this table and those of the table pre viously published, but failing to receive a reply to a query as to this and considering the table most interesting, we printed it as it stood. Besides calling attention to the discrepancies in the figures, the editor also asked for additional information about the Rural Progress Administration, saying: “I am aware of the fact that the Rural Progress Administration was abolished by Executive Order No. 376, November 28, 1950, and its assets, functions, etc., transferred to the Bureau of Lands. Would you inform me when the Rural Progress Administration was originally set up? It would be interesting to know about what year the Adminis tration made its first purchases of land, and when its last, to give some idea of the number of years covered by its purchasing activities.” in the areas of some of the estates. When the first list was prepared, the records of the Rural Progress Administration were still in the process of transfer to this Office and no check-up of the figures could be made at that time. After the transfer of the said records and the creation of the Landed Estates Division in this Bureau, the areas of the various estates and homesites were revised after examining the various certifi cates of title and other pertinent records available. Enclosed herewith is a revised list of the estates acquired so far, showing their respective areas and locations. "The Rural Progress Administration was formally organized on March 2, 1939. The first purchase of land was made by the Govern ment on December 29, 1938, when the Marikina Homesite was bought from Angel Ma. Tuason et al. for P295,791.48, upon recommendation of the Landed Estates Survey Committee. This estate was later on transferred to the Rural Progress Administration after the organization of the said corporation. The last purchase of land was made on March 25, 1950, when the Rural Progress Administration bought a portion of Bongo Island in Cotabato, containing an area of 345 hectares, from Roales Hermanos y Primos for P35,000.00. “Very respectfully yours, “Jose P. Dans "Director of Lands" We now have a letter from the Director of Lands, Jose P. Dans, stating that the Rural Progress Administra tion was formally organized only on March 2, 1939, though the first purchase of land by the Government was made several months earlier, in 1938, this land later being trans ferred to the Rural Progress Administration. The last purchase by the Administration was effected in 1950, so that the time covered by these purchases extends over a period of approximately ten years only, from which the three jyears of the Japanese occupation should, of course, be deducted. This makes the conclusions to be drawn from the rather limited achievements of the Rural Progress Administration not so unfavorable as they would be had the Administration been at work ever since the Friar Lands purchases away back in 1902. We take pleasure in printing the letter from Director Dans herewith, together with the revised table mentioned in the letter. letter dated March 13, 1951, has been referred to this Office by Mr. Francisco D. Marquez, Administrative Officer of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. In reply thereto, we beg to inform that the areas shown in the first list of estates pur chased were taken from the last annual report of the Manager of the defunct Rural Progress Administration, while those shown in the second list were the result of a revision which was recently made in this Office in order to bring the figures up-to-date. Hence, the discrepancies found ESTATES ACQUIRED BY THE DEFUNCT RURAL 'PROGRESS ADMINIS TRATION NOW THE LANDED ESTATES DIVISION, BUREAU OF LANDS ESTATES Area in sq. m. Location Subdivision Santa Clara Homesite Sta. Clara Additional Home site (New)........................... 'Ana Sarmiento Homesite.. Ntra. Sra. De Guia Home"Ang Buhay” Homesite. . . Baclaran Homesite.............. La Faja Del Mar Homesite. Tambobong Homesite......... Marikina Homesite.............. Pateros Homesite.................. Protacio Homesite.............. Maypajo Homesite.............. Buenavista............................. 50,533.8 2,441.2 206,022.8 348,470.9 124,173 266,887 21,998 689,434 210,819 1,087,152 13,028 26,156 25,839 274,082,692 Panginay................................. Polo Parish............................. Taal Homesite .................... San Isidro Homesite.......... Dinalupihan Homesite........ Dinalupihan Agricultural.. . Lian Homesite...................... Lian Agricultural................ Tunasan Homesite............... 8,688,029 Bahay Pare........................... 21,006,094 Mabalacat Homesite........... 561,590 Sta. Maria............................. 3,586,575 Luisita..................................... 33,098,182 Barretto................................... 10,379,400 3,450,000 Sampaloc, Manila Sampaloc, Manila Malate, Manila Tondo, Manila Sta. Mesa, Manila Paraftaque, Rizal Parahaque, Rizal Malabon, Rizal Mala bon, Rizal Marikina, Rizal Pateros, Rizal Rizal City Caloocan, Rizal San Ildefonso, San Rafael, Bustos, and Baliuag, BuBigaa, Bulacan Polo, Bulacan Bocaue, Bulacan Hagonoy, Bulacan Dinalupihan, Bataan Dinalupihan, Bataan Lian, Batangas Lian, Batangas San Pedro, Laguna Alaminos and CalaCanda'ba, Pampanga Mabalacat, Pam panga Sta. Ana, Pam panga Tarlac, Tarise San Felipe, Zambales Bongo Island, CotaYes Yes Partially In progress Yes Partially Yes Partially No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes In progress Partially In progress No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes In ^progress ^ITIHERE can be no genuine stability in any system which is based on the evil and weakness in I man’s nature,—which attempts to live by man’s degradation, feeding like a vulture on his anxieties, his capacity for hatred, his susceptibility to error, and his vulnerability to psycholo gical manipulation. Such a system can represent no more than the particular frustrations and bit terness of the generation of men who created it, and the cold terror of those who have been weak or unwise enough to become its agents.”—George F. Kennan in the April Foreign Affairs. 151 The Business View A monthly review of facts, trends, forecasts, by Manila businessmen Office of the President of the Philippines From an Official Source APRIL 1—Malacanan announces that Executive Order No. 384, issued December 21, 1950, goes into effect today, having been suspended for the first quarter of 1951 by Executive Order No. 388. By virtue of the order the licensing for the importation of 26 items listed as urgently needed by the country is transferred from the Im port Control Office to the Price Stabilization Corporation, among them rice, milk, canned fish, beef, coffee beans, tires, fuel and lubricant, cotton textiles, medicines, shoe-leather, belting, certain machinery, truck and tractor spare parts, jute bags, fertilizers, seeds, commercial glue, paper bags for cement and desiccated coconut, wire for nail fac tories, building materials, etc. The Cabinet resolves to await action by the United States Con gress on the recommendation of the State Department authorizing the U. S. Maritime Commission to extend the Charters of ships now used by certain Philippine shipping companies in the inter-island ser vice. The Filipino Shipowners Association opposes the extension, while the Philippine Shipowners Association (not the same) urges it. April 3—President Elpidio Quirino administers oaths of office to Alfredo Montelibano as Chairman of the Import Control Board and to Alfonso Calalang and Francisco Ortigas, Jr. as members. He also administers an oath to Aurelio Periquet as a member of the Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines and as member of the Board of Directors of PRISCO. Import Control Commissioner Faus tino Sy-Changco will return to his former post as Deputy Budget Commissioner. The Cabinet decides to make representations to the International Wheat Council for an increase of the Philippine flour quota from 6,222,261 bags to 8,400,000 bags. It also decides to make available P748.150 for the completion of the Pines Hotel in Baguio. It creates two inter departmental committees, one to screen applications for permits to export strategic materials, and the other, headed by Director of Fisheries Deogracias Valladolid, to study a plan of the President to convert the 800-square-mile Candaba swamp in Pampanga, now a hide-out for Huks, into fish-ponds. April 4—The President orders the preservation of the buildings of the refugee camp at Guiuan, Samar, set up by the International Refugee Organization of the United Nations, for possible use as a poli tical prisoners’ detention camp. The camp was opened in January, 1949, and the last of over 6,000 refugees, most of them White Russians from China, are scheduled to leave the country shortly; the refugees have been settled in Australia, the United States, South America, and Europe. The President issues Executive Order No. 428 allowing the addition of the 1 % Manila municipal tax to the ceiling prices fixed in previously issued executive orders. April 5—In an effort to halt the rising trend in prices of prime commodities, the President authorizes PRISCO to import without . quota allocation and in such quantities as may be necessary, six es sential commodities,—rice, flour, milk, canned fish, canned meat, and coffee beans. April 6—The President signs the Minimum Wage Bill, which becomes Republic Act No. 602. The main provisions are: 1) A laily wage of P4 for industrial workers on the effective date of the Act and thereafter for firms located in Manila and its environs. 2) A daily wage of P3 for industrial workers in the provinces on the effective date, provided that the Act shall not apply to any retail or service enterprise that regularly employs not more than 5 employees. 3) A daily wage of Pl.75 for agricultural workers everywhere on the effective date of the Act and for one year thereafter, and no allowance for board and lodging shall reduce this wage below Pl.50 in cash during that year. 4) One year after the effective date of this Act, P2 a day, and no allowance for board and lodging shall reduce this wage below Pl.75 in cash, and one year thereafter, P2.50 a day and no allowance for board and lodging shall reduce this wage below P2.50 in cash. 5) These rates of wage shall apply to government workers effective on July Ambassador Cowen says Philippines has Complete Assurance against Aggression UARANTEES and assurances that the United States will defend Vfthe Philippines from aggression from any source, are already provided to an extent unequalled in its relations with any other nation in the world,” was the statement of Ambassador Myron M. Cowen to a group of editors and publishers gathered at the American Embassy this morning. Representatives of leading Manila newspapers met with the Ambassador today at his invitation, to discuss leading issues in Philippine-American relations. Ambassador Cowen is to leave for Washing ton on Saturday of this week to confer with State Department and other high government officials in the United States. He asked the assembled newsmen to tell him of the current problems now being discussed by the press and public with reference to relations with the United States, so that he might bring them to the attention of appro priate officials in the United States Government while conferring with them in Washington. In reviewing the policy of the United States in regard to the security of the Pacific area, Ambassador Cowen explained that a treaty guar anteeing the Philippines assistance against aggression had been in effect since 1946, and that statements had been made by various high and responsible officials of the United States Government from time to time reiterating these guarantees. He called attention to a speech made by Secretary of State Acheson more than a year ago in which the Secretary said, “the defensive perimeter runs from the Ryukus to the Philippine Islands. Our relations, our defensive relations with the Philippines, are contained in agreements between us. Those agreements are being loyally carried out and will be loyally carried out. Both peoples have learned by bitter experience the vital connections between our mutual defense requirements. We are in no doubt about that, and it is hardly necessary for me to say that an attack on the Philippines could not and would not be tolerated by the United States.” Ambassador Cowen then pointed out that on February 10, 1951, Dean Rusk, Assistant Secretary of State, made a public address in which he stated, “we cannot leave our friends in the Philippines. . . under the impression that we do not take our commitments seriously and that we might lack courage in the face of adversity.” The Ambas sador also called attention to the statement made by President Truman last week in which it was stated, “In the Philippines the United States is accorded certain military operating rights and facilities pursuant to an agreement with the Government of the Philippines, and the whole world knows that the United States recognizes that an armed attack on the Philippines would be looked upon by the United States as dan gerous to its own peace and safety, and that it would act accordingly.” The following day Secretary of State Acheson, in a speech before the Women’s National Press Club in Washington, said, “As for the Philip pines, no one can be under the slightest misapprehension about our concern for the security of that nation. Existing arrangements register our partnership and the practical means for giving effect to it. But apart from formal arrangements, the United States would not tolerate any aggression against the Philippines from any quarter. Our history, our mutual esteem, and our practical interests powerfully reinforce our agreements. ’ ’ The Ambassador said that the naval installations at Cavite were well-known to most Filipinos, and that the Air Force activities at Clark Field were still another proof that the agreements as to defense of the Philippines were being implemented as agreed between the two Govern ments. In addition, the Ambassador called attention to the powerful Seventh Fleet and the Air Force operations in Japan, Okinawa, and other places in the so-called defense perimeter, pointing out that no power in the world was at present equipped to mount a large invasion force on the shores of the Philippines in the face of such opposition as could be mustered in case of need. According to Ambassador Cowen, the occasion for President Tru man’s statement last week on the security of the Pacific was to an nounce negotiations between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States whereby “no one of the three would be indifferent to an armed attack upon the other in the Pacific.” The Ambassador said that it was not necessary to include the Philippines in these negotiations, for there already exist between the United States and the Philippines formal agreements and other commitments far stronger than any con templated at present in the Australia-New Zealand talks. In fact, according to Ambassador Cowen, the Australia-New Zealand arrangement only provides for common action in accordance with constitutional processes, and establishes consultation to strengthen security, and anything accomplished along these lines will only serve to bring the relationships between these two Governments and the United States somewhat nearer the relationship already existing between the Philippines and the United States. —United States Information Service, Manila, April 26 152 6) The Secretary of Labor shall have the power to cause an investigation to determine if minimum wages are being paid in all enterprises and to appoint a wage board to fix a minimum wage for such an enterprise. The Secretary shall also make rules and regulations governing the appointment of wage boards, their public hear ings and mode of procedure. 7) Wage board members shall not be entitled to compensation except to per diems from P5 to P7 daily for each day of official duty, and shall be reim bursed for all traveling expenses incurred in the performance of duties. 8) Part-time employeesand industrial homeworkers shall be entitled to mini mum wages, but not less than 75% of those provided for industrial and agricultural 9) Decisions of the Secretary of Labor on the minimum wage determination may be appealed from when supported by substantial evidence to prove that the ruling is unjust and prejudicial to the interest concerned. 10) Learners or apprentices are allowed not lower than 75% of the applicable minimum for not more than one year and if these are students or graduates of au thorized nautical schools, in vessels of Philippine registry, they may be permitted without compensation. 11) The Secretary of Labor may sue an employer to recover the wages owing to an employe in any competent court, with legal interest. 12) The Court of Industrial Relations shall have jurisdiction in cases of actual strikes as they affect the minimum wages. The President vetoes House Bill No. 1565 which would establish legislative control over the finances of government-owned or controlled corporations. The President signs the Convention for the exchange of postal money-orders between the United States and the Philippines; the Con vention has still to be signed by the President of the United States. The President submits to the Commission on Appointments the nomination of Executive Secretary Teodoro Evangelista as Secretary of Education and of Francisco Ortega as Mayor of Baguio. The Cabinet refers to the Import Control Board several protests of textile exporters in New York against the recent decision of the Board to cancel all licenses approved by the previous Board whose dollar allocations have not yet been used. April 10—The Cabinet adopts a set of regulations to govern the qualifications of new and necessary industries for tax exemption which will be embodied in an executive order to be issued by the President shortly. The Cabinet approves the recommendation of Juan M. Arellano, Director of the National Planning Commission, to convert the site of the former Sternberg General Hospital into a permanent- park. It also decides that the rehabilitation of the Mehan Gardens will be under taken by the Nation'al Government. April 11—Malacanan releases the text of a telegram sent by Pres ident Quirino to General Douglas MacArthur inviting him to visit the Philippines before his return to the United States, reminding him that he is an honorary citizen of the country. April 14—Malacanan announces that President Harry S. Truman has assured President Quirino in a letter that— “The United States Government for its part is now prepared to proceed rapidly and actively to carry out its commitments in the programs upon which we have agreed... I am convinced that our cooperative effort will further strengthen the Philippines as a democratic state, a stable economy, and a shining example to the The letter was delivered by Ambassador Myron M. Cowen at the start of a conference on the 12th on the bilateral agreement concerning the projected P500,000,000 ECA aid. The P50.000.000 “counterpart” Bill, necessary to the agreement, is still before the Philippine Congress, though the ECA has already organized its Manila office. The President issues Executive Order No. 433 “establishing the rules and regulations for the qualification of industries for tax exemption under Republic Act No. 35 and revoking Executive Order Nos.'341.” It states in part: “What may be considered 'new' industry. A ‘new’ industry is one not existing prior to December 8, 1941, nor covered by any exemption already granted in favor of the same kind of industry prior to the date of filing of the application for exemption. Where other applications for exemption are filed within a period of 6 months from the date of the approval of the first application on the same induatry and it is shown that they have investigated the industry independently of each other, the exemption may be granted to all of them, if otherwise entitled to the exemption under this Executive Order. “What may be considered ‘necessary’ industry. A ‘necessary* industry is one complying with the following requirements; "(1) Not producing articles classified in the Internal Revenue Code as luxu ries or semi-luxuries. (Secs. 184 and 185.) “(2) Where the imported raw materials represent a value not exceeding 50% of the gross value in money of the manufactured products. “(3) Where either the capital investment of the industry, excluding land and building, exceeds P50.000, or the industry will be employing more than 25 factory personnel. “(4) Where the industry will operate on a commercial scale in conformity with up-to-date practices and will make its products available to the general public in quantities and at prices which will justify its operation with a reasonable degree of permanency.” The President issues Administrative Order No. 153 creating a committee to formulate plans to exploit the natural resources of the Candaba Swamps. April 15—The President gives a luncheon in honor of U. S. Secre tary of the Army Frank Pace, Jr.,‘here on a brief visit. April 16—The Council of State approves the development program recommended by both the Philippine Council for United States Aid and the American ECA group, which program is to be financed from the $15,000,000 ECA interim aid fund. Following the approval, Jose Yulo, PCUSA chairman, telegraphed requisitions to the United States covering practically the whole amount,—materials and equipment for use in agriculture, fisheries, and forestry, $3,497,000; manufacturing and mining, $844,000; transportation, communications, power, and public works, $5,305,000; public health and education, $840,000; public administration, $588,000; and general commodities, $4,000,000. The Council also decides to press for reparations from Japan at the coming peace treaty conference; the Council will study "the Pres ident’s proposal to demand payment of at least P2,000,000,000 which represents the total amount of private claims that have not been satis fied by the War Damage Commission”. “The President said this amount should be paid by the Japanese and not by the United States”. "Previously, the Philippines has insisted on $8,000,000,000 reparations from Japan. April 20—The Import Control Board and the PRISCO Board hold a meeting presided over by Secretary of Commerce Cornelio Balmaceda, and among the policies agreed upon are the extension of every facility and assistance to food and dollar-saving enterprises; the hand ling by PRISCO of permits for all supplies, machinery, equipment, and spare parts for such industries; the handling by PRISCO of cotton and rayon textiles to be used by local dollar-saving factories; the proces sing of all applications for the second quarter to be done in relation to the amount of dollars actually available; constant consultation between the two Boards to ensure the coordination of the work of the two organizations. April 21—The President confers with Cornelius Van S. Roosevelt, son of the former Governor-General of the Philippines, who is vice-pre sident of the Security Banknote Company which has contracted for the printing of the paper bills in small denominations, 5ff, 10fS, and 20j!, soon to be introduced here in the total amount of P60,000,000. April 24—Secretary of Foreign Affairs Carlos P. Romulo, who returned to the Philippines yesterday, reports to the President and later to the Cabinet that the prestige of the Philippine Government has risen in the United States upon the recent reorganization of the Cabinet, the Government as a whole, and the Armed Forces, the gradual restoration of law and order, the increase in production and in exports, the improvement in the dollar position, and the government decision to prosecute tax-evaders. He also reports on the international situation. April 27—The President signs the Counterpart Bill which becomes Republic Act No. 604, appropriating P50,000,000 to constitute a counter part fund for any assistance to the Philippine Government which may be received through the ECA from the United States Govern ment. Later the President signs the economic and technical coopera tion agreement, Ambassador Myron M. Cowen signing for the United States. The President states that there has now been created “the at mosphere, means, and determination” to make the present year the “start-off for the total economic mobilization program of the Govern ment”. Banking and Finance By G. A. Benson Sub-Manager, Port Area Branch National City Bank of New York COMPARATIVE statement of condition of the Central Bank: ASSETS As of As of As of As of Dec. 31 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 March 31 1949 1951 1951 1951 (In thousands of Pesos) International Reserve. . . P460.689 Contribution to Interna tional Monetary Fund. 30,000 Account to Secure Coinage............................ 113,306 Loans and Advances........ 77,047 Domestic Securities......... 92,197 Trust Account—Securi ties Stabilization Fund — Other Assets............................ 20,390 P793.629 LIABILITIES Currency—Notes............... P555.576 Coins.............. 74,384 Demand Deposits— Pesos................................. 117,682 Securities Stabilization Fund................................. 2,000 Due to International Monetary Fund........... 22,498 Due to International Bank for Reconstruc tion and Develop ment................................. 2,389 P548.933 P554.565 P579.U9 30,000 30,000 30,000 113,306 56,791 160,820 113,306 49,418 164,181 107,570 55,863 163,088 6,848 47,003 6,848 53,619 6,848 56,562 P963.702 P971.937 P999.050 P644.563 90,530 P655.634 91,713 P664.360 92,680 183,976 175,494 194,213 6,848 6,848 6,848 496 496 497 2,388 2,385 2,383 153 P793.629 P963.702 P971.937 P999.050 Other Liabilities............. 2,636 13,793 17,461 21,275 Capital............................... 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Undivided Profits.......... 6,464 9,493 10,290 3,105 Surplus............................... — 1,616 1,616 3,689 1950-51 Range High Low P126.83 61.71 MINING SHARES 0.295 0.09 CONTINGENT ACCOUNT Forward Exchange Sold. P 6,460 The International Reserve increased during March by P24,500,000 and at the month end was Fl 18,430,000 greater than the reserve as of December 31, 1949. Cur rency and coins in circulation again increased, reflecting a continued inflationary trend. The coin shortage remained acute. In March, it was rumored that the Central Bank would mint coins in the United States to relieve the situa tion. However, the Monetary Board of the Central Bank announced about the middle of April that it had contracted with an American bank note company to print F60,000,000 worth of paper currency in 5,10, and 20-centavo denomina tions. The first shipment is expected to arrive around the end of April. While this should alleviate the existing coin shortage, it will create new problems for merchants and banks which have to handle large quantities of small notes. The notes will measure 4-1/4 by 2-1/8 inches and each denomination will have a distinctive tint. 0.035 0.68 0.1275 3.50 0.0051 5.30 0.085 0.016 0.25 0.135 0.08 0.90 0.05 0.455 0.20 0.09 0.27 0.345 0.038 0.10 0.012 0.26 .04 1.78 .0027 2.50 0.012 0.0078 0.08 0.042 0.025 0.17 0.016 0.205 0.01 0.06 0.14 0.12 0.01 0.045 M. S. E. Mining Share Acoje Mining Com pany .......................... Antamok Goldfields.. . Atok Big Wedge Min ing Co.*................... Baguio Gold Mining Balatoc Mining Co.. . Batong Buhay Gold Benguet Consolidated Coco Grove, Inc......... Consolidated Mines, Inc.............................. Hixbar Gold Mining Co.............................. Itogon Mining ComI.X.L. Mining Com pany .......................... Lepanto Consolidated Masbate Consolidated Mindanao Mother Lode*. p Inc"1 ' San Mauricio Mining Co............................... Surigao Consolidated Co.*........................... Suyoc Consolidated... United Paracale MinHigh Low Close Change Total Sales 110.39 101.19 101.44 I 25 032 21 032 34 28 GumauB Off 7.67 8,108,306 245 Off .04 032 — 285 Off .055 1275 15 10 05 2 1275 Up 15 Off .0275 .35 5 0035 IS 08 016 23 135 015 09 26 .075 5 0135 20 67 028 37S 015 08 25 .07 016 Up 205 Off 13 Up 025b 375 015 09 26 25 03 372,000 242,350 335,000 510,000 750 .0005 .30 .01 .025 .02 Off .02 Off .003 Up .015 Off Up Up Off .08b Up .002 .01 .01 .01 .01 700,000 39,038 275,000 120,000 273,000 500,000 340,000 542,000 40,000 67,000 56,000 415,125 50,000 274,000 The Central Bank has granted authority for a new banking organization, the Security Bank and Trust Com pany, to operate in Manila. It is reported that the bank will begin to function in about two months time with an authorized capital of F5,000,000 and a paid-up capital of about F2,500,000. Effective April 17, the Central Bank issued Circular No. 26 on the subject “Administration of Foreign Ex change Control”. The circular states that, in future, the Central Bank will not receive directly applications for exchange licenses to effect payments or remittances abroad or to carry exchange out of the Philippines. All such appli cations for foreign exchange must be submitted to banks which, are Authorized Agents. Banks may continue to approve applications and issue licenses within the author ity previously granted. All other applications will be ac cepted by the Authorized Agents and forwarded to the Central Bank for approval together with such other docu mentation or supporting evidence which the Central Bank requires. Approved or rejected applications will be returned to the banks, which will notify the clients. All applications for licenses filed with the Exchange Control Department of the Central Bank prior to April 17 will continue to be released direct to the applicants by the Central Bank. Money continues easy. During the month an issue of F15,000,000 in one-year Treasury Bills was fully sub scribed on a discount basis at 98. 1950-51 Range. High Low P118.00 78.00 17.00 10.00 90.00 220.00 135.00 40.00 235.00 27.00 0.35 2.00 .18 .25 .085 .085 100.00 135.00 27.50 25.00 0.1075 .013 1.40 1.20 38.00 25.50 *Ex-dividend COMMERCIAL SHARES Manila Stock Market By A. C. Hall Hall, Picornell, Ortigas & Company Bank of the Philippine Islands...................... Binalbagan - Isabela Bogo8MedeUin Milling Cent. Azucarera de Bais........................... Cent. Azucarera de la Cent. Azucarera del Pilar.......................... Cent. Azucarera de Tarlac....................... China Banking Corp. Filipinas Cia de Seguros......................... Insular Life Assurance Co............................... Manila Broadcasting Co.............................. Manila Wine Mer chants, Inc............... Marsman & Co. Inc. Marsman & Co. Inc. pfd.............................. Mayon Metal*............ Mayon Metal 7% pfd.............................. Meralco 6-1/2%......... Metropolitan Insur ance Co.................... Peoples Bank & Trust Co.............................. Phil. Guaranty Co. Philippine Oil Dev, Philippine Racing Club Inc.*.............. San Miguel Brewery— common.................... San Miguel Brewery 7% pfd..................... San Miguel Brewery 8% pfd..................... Universal Insurance & Indemnity................ Williams Equipment Co. common............ High Low Close Change Total Sales 00 14 00b 00b 86.00 86.00 86 00 175.00 170.00 174 38.00 27.00 3.80 . 8 .25 00 90 00b 38.00 38 — 225 27.00 3.80 .18 .25 .026 33.00 100.00 103.00 00 00b 27 00 5 50b 32b 3 80 18 25 08b 103 08b 00 143 Up 2.00 118 Up 4.00 310 Up 4.00 90 Off 2.00 445 — 50 Up 2.00 00b 65 00b 26.50b .013 013 42 31.00 33 00 100 00 103.00 103 00 16 900 2,000 2,000 T 300 Off .016 250,000 Up .05 1,000 Up 1.00 38,735 Up 6.00 650 — 445 00b 6 00b March 26 to April 20 THE market has developed a generally easier trend since our last review. The principal losers were Acoje and Atok. The former was sharply lower for a day or two following news of the attack by lawless elements on its mining property, but the stock later recovered part of the decline. Atok sold off following publication of its annual report showing some deterioration in its ore reserve position. There was little change among the market leaders which, with one exception, were slightly lower principally as result of these issues selling ex-dividend during the *—Ex-dividend T—Bond Bales reported in units of P100 OVER THE COUNTER Capsay Mining Company.............................. Demonstration Gold Mines........................... Glo-co Company.............................................. Manila Jockey Club....................................... Nielson Co. Inc................................................ Philippine Iron Mines—Common................ Victorias Milling Company Inc.................... Tabacalera Bonds 6%..................................... P0 2 70 Close P0.04 70 Total Sales 30,000 20,000 1,233,500 109 11,000 500 172 2,000 *Reuters News Agency brings in 337 New York Stock Exchange quotations every day and will add to its list if requested. Subscription rates are very reasonable. Phone 2-94-30. (Advt) 154 May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 155 period. Consolidated Mines moved against the trend on its increasing production and ore shipments. Generally speaking, the market showed vyy little response to news, favorable or otherwise. Congressional approval of an increase in the corporate tax rate to 28%, also a 17% tax on remittances abroad was virtually ignored. Also receiving no attention, marketwise, was a reliable report that the Central Bank will not seek any increase over the current 25% of production which gold mining companies are required to sell to the Bank at its official price of ?70 per ounce. The coming tax-payment season may cause some in crease in offerings; on the other hand, continued inflationary tendencies are likely to sustain demand for equities; hence there appears little change in the immediate market out look in the absence of unforeseen developments. There has been a further advance in the local price for gold which is now quoted around Pl65 per ounce. In the Commercial and Industrial Section, there has been a noticeable firming in fixed-interest securities as a result of institutional buying and limited offerings. San Miguel improved, and sugar shares were higher. Credit By W. J. Nichols General Manager, General Electric (P.I.) Inc. THE annual meeting of the members of the Association of Credit Men, Inc. (P.I.) was held April 17 at the Winter Garden of the Manila Hotel. Following luncheon the representatives of the following companies were elected to serve as directors for the coming year: Colgate Palmolive Philippines, Inc. Bank of the Philippine Islands General Electric (P.I.) Inc. Rehabilitation Finance Corporation National City Bank of New York Filipinas Compania de Seguros Equitable Banking Corporation In addition, representatives of the following firms were elected as alternate directors: Macondray & Company Manila Electric Company Caltex (Philippines) Inc. Following the general meeting the newly elected di rectors met for selection of officers and the following were chosen: President, H. E. Richmiller—Colgate Palmolive Philippines Inc. Vice President, W. J. Nichols—General Electric (P.I.) Inc. Secretary and Treasurer, S. Orosa, Jr.—Equitable Banking Corp. Work is progressing well on the project of compiling a credit manual for the benefit of the Association’s mem bers. It is planned to hold a general meeting early in June to enable the members to offer suggestions and advice on subjects which they wish to have included in the manual. Real Estate By Antonio Varias Vice-President, C. M. Hoskins Co., Inc., Realtors REAL estate sales in the Greater Manila area registered during the month of April numbered 759, with a total value of P8,676,696, as compared with 716, with a total value of P8,721,477, registered during the preceding month of March. Of the April total, 273 sales, with a total value of STEEL FABRICATORS • CONTRACTORS RIVER & HARBOR WORK • SHIPS’ REPAIRS ENGINEERS • MANUFACTURERS MERCHANDISERS Operating: MACHINE SHOPS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR FOUNDRY FOR CAST IRON, DRASS 4 BRONZE STRUCTURAL STEEL FABRICATING SHOP MARINE REPAIR SHOPS • WOOD PRESERVING PLANT ATLANTIC, GULF & PACIFIC CO. OF MANILA 156 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1951 CALTEX is a leader in the Field oF production and distribution oF these essential petroleum pro ducts—a name that stands For unexcelled quality and uniformity in the petroleum industry. There are more than 3,000 CALTEX dealers in the Philippines to serve your needs in motor, aviation and industrial lubricants— gasoline, Diesel fuels, kerosene and other petroleum products of un surpassed excellence. CALTEX (PHILIPPINES), INC. P5,272,052, represented deals within Manila proper, while 486 sales, with a total value of P3,404,644, were sales within thp cities of Quezon and Pasay, and in the suburban towns of Caloocan, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyon, Paranaque, and San Juan. Among the bigger sales registered during the month in the City of Manila were: A three-story building of reinforced concrete, the “Brias Roxas Building Annex”, with a lot of 486.3 square meters, situated on San Vicente Street, Binondo, sold by the Brias Roxas, Inc. for P365.000; A property with a lot of 356.5 square meters on Tabora Street, San Nicolas, sold by S. Corrales Tan to Santiago Tan for P200.000; A property with a lot of 344.8 square meters on Evangelista and Palma streets, Sta. Cruz, sold by Ruben Castaneda to Jose Tan for P180.000; A parcel of 2,458.1 square meters on Pennsylvania Street, Malate, sold by Filemon Salcedo, Jr., to Isabel K. Reyes for P159.777; A tract of 22,504 square meters on P. Sanchez Street, Sampaloc, sold by Esperanza Siochi to Mariano de los Santos for P146.276; A property with a lot of 1,634.3 square meters on Gral. Solano, corner Espinosa, corner Padilla streets, San Miguel, sold by Encarna cion de Leon to Francisco Jose for P112.000; A property with a lot of 1,602 square meters on Dart, corner Belen streets, Paco, sold by E. E. Elser, Inc. to Lucia Hernandez for P70,000; and A property with a lot of 226.4 square meters on Nueva Street, -Binondo, sold by Renato Arevalo to Mercantile Investments Co., Inc. for P70.000. Real estate mortgages registered in the Greater Manila area during the month of April, 1951, numbered 358, with a total value of P5,289,762, as compared with 371, with a total value of P 7,408,114, registered during the month of March. Of the April total, 165, with a total value of P3,140,154, represented deals within Manila proper, while 193, with a total value of P2,149,608, were mortgages within the cities of Quezon and Pasay and in the suburban towns above mentioned. REAL ESTATE SALES {January to April, 1951) Manila Quezon City Pasay City Suburbs Total January.... 1’4,466,475 1’1,267,690 P743.346 Pl,453,264 P7,939,775 February.. . 3,549,050 3,775,341 709,598 1,411,773 8,445,762 March....... . 4,562,104 1,698,970 645,878 1,814,525 8,721,477 April........... . 5,272,052 1,178,036 487,954 1,738,654 8,676,696 REAL ESTATE MORTGAGES (January to April, 1951) January... . P2,105,600 P 490,457 P 272,300 Pl,051,546 P3,919,903 February.. . 5,636,640 1,106,948 869,100 1,722,790 8,334,848 March....... . 3,817,877 1,373,880 245,760 1,970,627 7,408,114 April.......... 3,140,154 902,932 188,750 1,057,926 5,289,762 Electric Power Production (Manila Electric Company System) By J. F. Cotton Treasurer, Manila Electric Company 1941 Average—15,316,000 KWH KILOWATT HOURS 1951 1950 January............................................. 40,713,000 37,661,000 February........................................... 37,066,000 33,828,000 March................................................ 40,117,000* 38,107,000 ’Revised May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 157 April.................................................. 39,080,000** 35,378,000 May.................................................... 37,611,000 June.................................................... 37,529,000 July.................................................... 38,774,000 August............................................... 39,872,000 September........................................ 38,791,000 October.............................................. 40,657,000 November......................................... 39,268,000 December......................................... 41,099,000 Total................................. 458,576,000 ♦*Pa-:ially estimated /^vutiIut in April was 3,702,000 kwh, or 10.5% above '^Apjil, 1950. The higher rate of increase is due to the fact Ilfat the Easter holidays were in April last year, while they were in March this year. Output in May is expected to esjual the January output. Port of Manila By R. L. Moore General Manager, Luzon Brokerage Company IMPORTS have continued to stream into the Philippines this past month in larger quantities than has been wit nessed in some years. At one time during the past ten days, there were some 16 ships on berth, at anchorage, and in the breakwater. Shades of yesteryear! It is very difficult to prognosticate the level or volume on the basis of any constancy. In fact, everyone feels that the present high level is attributable to first-quarter returns and that there is a lull in the offing. With the vacillating policy existing in controls, including constant personnel changes and day-to-day startage and stoppage in the issuance of licenses—very often with little or no reason, it is impos sible that there could be any regular flow. Certainly there is no room for accurate prophecy as to the future. Customs continues to sanction the in-transit customs storage which operates under what the Warehousemen’s Association and the Brokers’ Association term “irregular practices” for several valid reasons: (1) the contract was let on a negotiated basis, without opening to invitation for bid from the already established warehousemen in the business; (2) it is operated at rates much higher than the Warehousemen’s Association’s established rates, which, of course, redounds to the disadvantage of the public. The Customs Brokers’ Association has protested to the Com missioner of Customs on these grounds and others, but to date the protest has gone by the board, the only explana tion offered being that little or no in-transit cargo goes into this terminal bonded warehouse and that, rather, the cargo is retained in the pier sheds which are ample to>» handle such in-transit storage. As to capacity, the latter may be true. However, in point of fact, considerable storage passes into this in-transit bonded warehouse, as may be seen by checking on the storage charges paid by the various brokerage firms. It is very galling to all of us, regularly established in the business, to have to pay in behalf of our customers exorbitant storage rates, when all of us have maintained and operated regularly bonded warehouses for this purpose. Something should be done about this! At this time of the year, of course, our packing and crating business bursts into full bloom, what with all the vacationists and business people and their families return ing to their homes on leave. Often there are those leaving on a one-way ticket,—we see much of this from our perch here on the waterfront, and we must say that it is often with regret that we set about the handling of such work. quality Colgate-Palmolive products. COLGATE-PALMOLIVE PHILIPPINES, INC. MAKATI, RIZAL 158 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1951 Ocean Shipping and Exports By J. G. Llamas Acting Assistant-Secretary Associated Steamship Lines TOTAL exports for the month of March of this year, showed a small increase over exports during March of last year. 95 vessels lifted 262,778 tons of exports during the month, as compared to 252,350 tons lifted by 106 vessels during the same month last year. Commodities which have registered a sharp increase over last year’s figures for the same month, are: hemp from 66,616 to 106,277 bales; logs from 3,760,757 to 12,102,779 bft., molasses from 2,832 to9,370 tons;and rattan, palasan, from 115 to 437 tons. • Exports for March, 1951, as compared with exports for March, 1950, were as follows: March 1951 ’ 1950 Alcohol................................. Beer....................................... Cigar and cigarettes......... Coconut, desiccated......... Coconut oil......................... Concentrates, gold........... Copra.................................... Copra cake meal.............. Embroideries...................... Empty cylinders........... Fruits, fresh........................ Furniture, rattan.............. Glycerine............................. Gums, copal....................... Gums, elemi....................... Hemp.................................... 215 tons 75 ” 16 ” 5,894 ” 5,243 ” 118 ” 42,104 ” 5,425 ” 190 ” 552 ” 354 ” 826 ” 168 ” 109 ” 30 ” 106,277 bales 57 tons 11 ” 10,992 ” 3,789 ” 546 ” 43,185 ” 6,258 ” 163 ” 400 ” 119 ” 625 ” 176 ” 62 ” 66,616 bales Household goods............... 366 tons 293 tons Junk, metal........................ 9,902 ” 2,039 Logs..................................... 12,102,779 bft. 3,760,757 bft. Lumber, sawn.................... 3,986,920 ” 3,476,149 Molasses............................... 9,370 tons 2,832 tons Plywood and plywood products.......................... 35 ” 14 Ores, chrome...................... 21,503 ” 24,808 58,657 Ores, iron............................. 61,427 ” Pineapples, canned........... 5,676 ” 4,737 Rattan, palasan................. 437 ” 115 Rope...................................... 698 ” 213 Rubber................................. 63 ” 83 Shell, shells waste............. 60 ” 26 Skins, hides......................... 170 ” 114 Soap...................................... 28 ” — Sugar cent./raw................ 47,622 ” 57,517 Tobacco............................... 539 ” 696 Vegetable oil...................... 34 ” 42 Transit cargo...................... 472 ” 823 Merchandise, general.... 2,710 ” 2,413 Lumber By Luis J. Reyes Philippine Representative, Penrod, Jurden & Clark Company THE shipping situation remains critical and many logs and much sawn- lumber cannot be shipped because of the shortage of bottoms. During the month of March a total of 24,642,178 bd. ft. was inspected for export mostly to Japan and the United States. Reports from Japan state that the supply of lauan logs from the Philippines has reached saturation to the point that the tendency of the market is to demand a higher grade of logs. Certain sections of this country have shipped mostly saw-logs to Japan. Future shipments, it ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT r> & SUPPLY COMPANY, Inc. MACHINERY • MECHANICAL SUPPLIES • ENGINEERS • CONTRACTORS AIR CONDITIONING For Offices, Theatres, Hospitals, Stores, Restaurants, Hotels, Clubs and Homes ★ ★ ★ Suppliers of MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT and INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIES For Sugar Centrals, Mines, Sawmills, Power Plants, Machine Shops and All Industrial Plants ★ ★ ★ ENGINEERING — DESIGN — APPLICATION — ESTIMATES INSTALLATION — MAINTENANCE — SERVICE — REPAIRS General & Sales Office 174 M. de Comillas Manila Tel. 3-29-21 ★ ★ ★ Operating: MACHINE SHOPS • STEEL PLATE SHOPS STRUCTURAL STEEL SHOPS • WELDING SHOPS • BLACKSMITH SHOPS • SHEET METAL SHOPS • MARINE RAILWAY Engineering Shops No. 1 Calle L. Segura & Pasig River Mandaluyong, Rizal Tel. 6-65-68 May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 159 seems, will be of higher quality, similar to those sent to the United States. Distributors in the United States are clamoring for more lumber and logs and local producers are unable to supply the big demand of the American market. The Bureau of Forestry released the following table showing the logs and lumber inspected for export during the month of March, 1951: 6,134,308 18,507,870 24,642,178 Destination Lumber (Bd.Ft.) Logs (Bd.Ft.) Total (Bd.Ft.) Japan................................ — 12,887,266 4,004,949 12,887,266 United States................ ........... 3,653,824 ........... 324,447 7,658,773 South Africa.................. — 324,447 Formosa.......................... — 1,505,713 1,505,713 Canada............................ ........... 191,435 109,942 301,377 Okinawa.......................... ........... 1,224,124 ........... 442,228 — 1,224,124 Hawaii............................. — 442,228 Guam............................... ........... 298,250 — 298,250 In the local market, prices have gone higher, with sales made at P190 to P195 per 1000 bd.ft. for tangile, P180 for apitong, and Pl65 to Pl70 for white lauan. Prices are going up and by April and May may reach P200 or more for tangile with corresponding rises in the prices of other woods. Prices may remain high during the dry months of May and June. Prices during the earlier part of this year were so discouraging to millers that many mills closed down and sent their logs to Japan instead of sawing them. The Philippine Lumber Producers Association held its annual meeting on April 13 and unanimously re-elected Antonio de las Alas as President and also the entire Board of Directors. Many activities are being planned for the coming year, among them the expansion of the office of the Secretary for wider service to all the members of the Association. Shipment of sawn lumber to the United States Army in Japan is encountering difficulties mainly due to the interpretation of the grading rules governing the “mer chantable” grade. It will be remembered that the original conditions of purchase were that the grade of “merchant able,” as described in the grading rules of the Philippine Government, would be followed and that the certificate of inspection issued by qualified inspectors of the Bureau of Forestry would be accepted as final. But the first ship ment of lumber to Japan was not satisfactory to the Army which for this reason sent officials to the Philippines to super vise the inspection and to show Philippine government inspectors its interpretation of the Philippine Govern ment rules defining the “merchantable” grade. We had opportunity to go over the United States Army interpreta tion of the rules and I can state definitely that it is entirely different from that held here. Mining By Nestorio N. Lim Secretary, Chamber of Mines of the Philippines THREE new laws which recently went into force will adversely affect the mining industry;—the 17% tax on foreign exchange, which will increase the procure ment cost, among other things, of mining machinery and spare parts, supplies, chemicals, etc.; the sharp increase in the corporate income tax rates; and the minimum wage law. Mining companies will have to pay their workers a minimum wage of ?3 a day beginning August 13 of this year, and ?4 a day after August 12 of next year; deduct ible are the cost of meals, not exceeding 40/ a meal, and the cost of housing, not to exceed 40/ a day. ALLIS W CHALMERS WORLD’S LARGEST LINE OF MAJOR INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT MOTORS for Dependable Power This squirrel cage motor is one of the complete line of A 11 i s - C h a 1 in e r s motors — known for their long service and high efficiency. All types of motors — wound rotor, direct current and synchronous — are made in ratings from one to 500 lip. and up. They are available in totally enclosed, explosion-proof, or splash-proof models. CONSULT US FOR ALL ELECTRICAL NEEDS Electrical Equipment Motors and Texrope V-Belt Drives Representing Allis-Chalmers complete electrical lines we offer—motor control, trans formers, switchgear, circuit breakers, welders, induction heaters. Inquiries will be appreciated. EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTORS THE fit ItIVSIKIVS DOCKS & HOHIILTI KOJI WORKS Cor. Tacoma & 2nd Sts. Telephone Branch Office at: Port Area, Manila 3-35-41 Bacolod, Negros Occidental Transformers 160 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1951 MINERAL PRODUCTION FOR MARCH, 1951 Oz. Tons Milled Silver Oz. Gold Atok-Big Wedge Mining Co., Inc.... 15,041 2,467 3,936 Balatoc Mining Company.................... 41,356 5,351 8,096 Benguet Consolidated Mining Co.... 32,913 5,313 8,040 Lepanto Consolidated Mining Co.... 30,183 — 3,149 Mindanao Mother Lode Mines, Inc........................................................... 9,500 4,875 4,730 Surigao Consolidated Mining Co., Inc........................................................... 9,369 2,154 3,400 Tambis Gold Dredging Co., Inc........ 19,140 cu.yd. 126 Surigao Placer Syndicate...................... 45,000 196 Consolidated Mines, Inc....................... 29,000 M. T. refractory chromite Lepanto Consolidated Mining Co.... 961 M.T. metallic copper Mindanao Mother Lode Mines, Inc........................................................... 27 M.T. Surigao Consolidated Mining Co., Inc........................................................... 43 M.T. Philippine Iron Mines, Inc.................. 36,160 M.T. iron ore Samar Mining Company, Inc............. 36,565 M.T. ” ” Copra and Coconut, Oil By K. B. Day and D. C. Keller Philippine Refining Company, Inc. DURING the period under review prices in the copra market continued to fall steadily; offers of $265 per ton c.i.f. Pacific Coast on the 16th March, which went unaccepted, had dropped to $245 on the 16th April without attracting any substantial buying interest. Daily advices from the Coast these four weeks reported with unfailing regularity “Market dead, no buyers” and we are sure that if any business was effected the volume was too insignificant to be worthy of comment. A similar trend was observed in Europe where a fall was recorded of from $315 at the beginning of the period to $292-1/2 on April 14. Following a really severe fall of £10 per ton during the last week of the preceding period, the Singapore market registered a further decline of yet another £4 in the four weeks under review. Nominal quota tions on March 17 were £124 c.i.f. Europe and £120 offered on April 14 resulted in very little enquiry. No advice has been received of the Ceylon market but we gather that little if any business has been transacted. As is often the case, Europe was short of dollars for copra and oil pur chases. On the local market copra prices were, as usual, reluc tant to keep pace with the downward trend of the world markets and lagged sufficiently behind to make trading extremely difficult. Despite this tardiness, however, prices fell from P51 per 100 kilos on March 16 to P46 on the April 15. While the tonnage traded at these prices was not very substantial, sufficient quantities were outstanding on old contracts to keep the market from registering a much sharper decline. Oil prices in the United States followed the copra market. Offers of 21/ per pound c.i.f. New York on March 15 were not accepted and during the ensuing four weeks only a minute amount of business was done, with the result that prices had fallen to 19/ on April 16 and buyers were still abstaining from a market which was obviously going to fall still further. There is no doubt that the buyers, by existing on what we can only imagine as fairly substantial stocks, have the whip-hand and are happily steering the market down to a point which can only result in considerable losses for those traders and mills which bought high-priced copra in the March boom period. Buyers in Europe, closely following the American pattern, have been sitting on the fence and have contentedly watched the price of oil drop from $475 per long ton c.i.f. to $450, which was a purely nominal quotation on April 15. MORE POWER TO THE PHILIPPINES j! Product of General using Starters. General Electric Magnetic A-C Starters, found throughout the industrial and business areas of the Philippines, are noted fortheir ease of installation and opera tion. Protection to the operator and the motor are prime factors for General Electric Magnetic A-C Electric Co., U.S.A. GENERAL ELECTRIC (Pl), INC. PORT AREA MANILA May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 161 It is apparent that the falling market has been due to a great extent to the recent successes of United Nations forces in Korea which have lessened the tendency on the part of stockpilers to maintain high inventories; conse quently manufacturers have been living off their stocks without making any serious efforts at replacement. Such is the peculiarity of this business, however, that a sudden reversal of the fortunes of our forces on the war front would almost certainly see a change in the copra and oil markets. Prices would stiffen and then begin to climb according to the seriousness of the situation, while a hasty scramble would ensue to replace stocks. One pleasant feature of this period was a slight rise in the copra meal market: prices rose from $56 c and f Pacific Coast at the beginning, to $59 c and f at the close; a small but steady volume of business was reported. The shipping problem remains unchanged; while space for America is reasonably adequate, the situation regarding Europe is becoming increasingly hopeless, partic ularly for copra. With little buying interest, however, this has not proved as distressing as it might otherwise have been, but we sincerely trust that more space will be made available for Manila in the future. Figures submitted for March shipments are as follows: • COPRA Guam.............................................................. Pacific.............................................................. Atlantic.......................................................... Canada........................................................... Japan.............................................................. Italy................................................................ Belgium. .'..................................................... Denmark........................................................ Norway........................................................... Holland........................................................... 6,470 19,266 2,600 1,800 2,518 500 5,950 1,000 1,500 500 1. tons 42,lt>4 1. tons This shows a drastic reduction from the 72,598 tons shipped out in February; oil shipments however were up from 3,456 tons to 5,243 tons. Destinations were as follows: COCONUT OIL Atlantic.......................................................... 2,880 1. tons China.............................................................. 342 ” Belgium.......................................................... 1,296 *’ Holland........................................................... 500 ” Italy................................................................ 225 ” 5,243 1. tons TjiNAL figures for 1950 show a total coconut crop in terms of copra of over 1,000,000 tons, the best year on record barring the unusual 1947. With an even break in weather and reasonable price levels, 1951 should at least equal and perhaps exceed 1950. Meanwhile in the face of dropping prices and with the period of heavier production still some two months off, Philippine sellers with a fair backlog of profitable un shipped commitments, were not inclined, at the close of the period, to trade freely, but preferred to stand on the sidelines and await developments, which with the world in its present state, and with the acts of governments so important, are always most unpredictable. Desiccated Coconut By Howard H. Curran Assistant General Manager Peter Paul Philippine Corporation THIS report covers the period from March 15 to April 15, during which most of the factories continued to stay shutdown or run on restricted production. Copra INSULAR LUMBER COMPANY FABRICA, OCC. NEGROS —--- ¥-------SPECIALISTS IN KILN DRIED LUMBER and MANUFACTURERS OF BOXES OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS MANILA DISTRIBUTORS: Norton & Harrison Company 814 Echague Manila D. C. Chuan & Sons, Inc. 14-30 Soler St. Manila 1 nsular Saw Mill, Inc. 310 Canonigo, Paco Manila MANILA OFFICE-. 401 FILIPINAS BUILDING 162 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1951 started to go down about the middle of the period and lower prices are expected. Price control in the United States on desiccated co conut continues, and the Philippine Desiccated Coconut Manufacturers Association has requested the Philippine Government to make representation to the United States Government to place desiccated coconut on the uncontrolled list with copra and coconut oil. Shipping statistics for the month of March follows: Shippers Pounds Franklin Baker Co. of Phil.................................... 2,556,800 Blue Bar Coconut Co.*............................................... 1,053,720 Peter Paul Philippine Corporation............................ none Red-V Coconut Products, Ltd............................. 2,575,300 Sun-Ripe Coconut Products, Inc......................... 705,000 Standard Coconut Corp......................................... none Cooperative Coconut Products..................................... ” Tabacalera........................................................................... ” Coconut Products (Phil.) Inc................................ 185,275 7,076,095 ’Zamboanga factory production .................................... 415,600 lbs. Lusacan ” " 638.120 ” Total Blue Bar shipment.................................................. 1,053,720 ” Partly because of the uncertainty of future pricing possibilities under the United States ceiling-price regulations and partly because of large inventories built up in the United States by the heavy shipments made by Philippine producers during the second half of 1950, there was a slackening Of production activity. A number of mills closed down entirely during the month of April and the remaining ones operated at much reduced capacity. There are reports that a new price-control order is being drafted by government agencies in Washington, granting relief to the desiccated coconut industry, and with some improvement in the supply and demand situa tion, most mills are making plans to resume operations in May at least on a limited scale. Manila Hemp By Fred Guettinger Vice-President and General Manager Macleod and Company of Philippines THIS review covers the period from March 16 to April 15. Abaca prices have remained about unchanged during the period. A fair business was done to Europe but as usual the United States continued to absorb the bulk of the Philippine production. Business to Japan was negligible and is likely to continue so until current nego tiations for an increased or amended quota are concluded. Pressings for March were 94,319 bales—a decline of 6,667 bales from February’s record figure. March pres sings, however, were 31,459 bales higher than March, 1950. Davao balings were 43,974 bales—up 5,527 bales from February, and non-Davao 50,345 bales—down 12,194 bales from February. The seasonal decline for non-Davao has set in and it is unlikely that the non-Davao figures for the rest of the year will, in any one month, reach the average of the January/February/March production. The following are the comparative figures for balings for the first three months of 1947 through 1951: Balings—January-March Inclusive 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 Davao................................... 122,446 75,456 54,729 55,010 82,636 Albay, Camarines and Sorsogon.......................... 86,356 50,790 36,569 66,623 60,588 NOV// FOR THE FIRST TIME Silvertown NON SKID DESIGN Silvertown TREAD DEPTH TREAD WIDTH Silvertown COLD RUBBER Goodrich International Rubber Co. OFFICE & BODEGA 13th & ATLANTA, PORT AREA TEL. No. 3-37-21 RECAP PLANT 207 RIZAL AVE. EXT., GRACE PARK TEL. No. 2-72-23 May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 163 Leyte and Samar............. 49,803 31,598 31,741 32,280 17,340 All other non-Davao........ 27,627 20,402 23,458 36,046 11,757 Total Bales ........................... 286,232 178,246 146,497 189,959 172,321 March exports once again greatly exceed balings, this time by 40,265 bales. Total exports for January./ March were 321,360 bales, or 35,128 more than the pres sings for the same period- The following are the compara tive figures for exports for the first three months of 1947 through 1951: Exports—January-March Inclusive Total Bales........................ 321,360 141,122 142,270 190,383 142,780 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 United States and Canada.................... 188,079 61,080 49,049 91,766 107,252 Continental Europe. 50,919 23,384 33,561 33,081 30,637 United Kingdom. . . 41,707 17,240 7,447 37,060 2,085 Japan........................... 33,990 31,688 47,428 24,404 — South Africa.............. 2,820 780 750 300 — China........................... 1,555 3,850 3,629 1,800 606 India............................. 2,290 1,775 326 — 1,800 Korea........................... — 700 — — — Australia and New Zealand.......................... — 625 — 42 — All other countries... — — ' 80 1,930 400 Sugar By S. Jamieson Secretary-Treasurer Philippine Sugar Association THIS review covers the period from April 2 to April 30, 1951, inclusive. New York Market. The market opened on April 2 with spot quoted at 5.80/ and small parcels of prompt Cubas on offer at 5.85/ in which buyers were interested at 5.80/. Refiners were thought to be well covered for their April requirements and in the early part of the month showed little interest in raw sugar for prompt arrival, and parcels in that position faced a steadily falling market. By April 12 spot had dropped to 5.65/, and the following day a parcel of prompt Porto Ricos was bought by an operator at this price. This marked the low point of the market. Immediately thereafter an improvement set in, with refiners and operators becoming particularly interested in arrivals from May onward, and prices recorded a steady advance. From the middle of the month on, quite large parcels of Philippine sugar were sold at progressively higher prices, the positions and range of prices being in general as fol lows: Afloats and April shipment, 5.85/ to 6/; June arrival, 5.90/ to 6.02/; May/June shipment, 5.98/ to 6.06/; July arrival, 6.10/. Substantial quantities of Porto Ricos and limited quantities of Cubas were also sold during the same period, but with the growing strength of the market these holders became more inclined to hold off, believing that still better prices were in the offing. The market closed very firm, with light offerings of prompt sugar at 6.10/ and a parcel of Portos for July shipment at 6.25/. Refiners were indicating 6/ for May arrival, while operators were offering 6.15/ and 6.20/ for July and August arrival, respectively. We give below the quotations on the New York Sugar Exchange as of April 30 for Contract No. 6: July.................................................................... 5.67^ September.............................................. 5.78 November........................................................ 5.79 The world market Contract No. 4 quotations closed as follows on April 30: September........................................................ March, 1952................................................... May................................................................... 6 00f* 6.03 6.03 5.27 5.28 ^Buy JSQtional Qty "Bank ^Travelers Checks If you’re wise you’ll make reservations for hotels, train berths, ships, planes to avoid a spoil ed trip. Why take chances with your travel money? Carry National City Bank Travelers Checks and protect yourself against theft or loss. Your money refunded if lost or stolen. NCB Travelers Checks faithfully guard your funds wherever you travel—at home or overseas, and save you needless worry. Because NCB Travelers Checks are backed by America’s greatest World Wide Bank, they are known and accepted everywhere. In denom inations of $10, $20, $50 and $100—good until used. THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK Jir^t in World-Wide (Banking. Branches in the Philippines MANILA Main Branch: Juan Luna St. Port Area Branch: 13th Street PAMPANGA: Clark Field CEBU: Cebu City 164 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1951 The world “spot” market price on April 30 was 5.90/ as compared with 5.50/ on March 30. Local Market, (a) Domestic Sugar: Keen competi tion among dealers for the remainder of stocks held by mills and planters forced prices up and fairly large parcels were traded. We give below the Bureau of Commerce quotations as of April 25: Centrifugal 97°............. P14.50—3P14.7O per picul '98°............. 15.00— 15.50 ” ” 99°........... 16.30— 16.50 ” (b) Export Sugar: During the first half of the month the local market was dull in keeping with the trend of the New York market, buyers quoting from P12.80 to P13.05 ex mill warehouse. With the subsequent improvement in the New York market there was more activity, and quite large quantities were traded on the basis of P13.20 per picul ex mill warehouse. Brisk trading has continued at steadily advancing prices, and at the close there are buyers at P13.70 per picul. General — 1950-51 Crop. Seventeen of the 27 operat ing mills have already finished milling. In general their out-turns ran below estimates, and it looks as though the final crop out-turn would be approximately 3% less than the estimated 14,200,000 piculs (883,964.98 long tons). This is attributed to a prolonged spell of dry weather throughout the cane growing districts. 1950-51 Sugar Shipments. It is estimated that approximately 400,000 long tons will have been shipped to the United States up to the end of April, and that about 100,000 tons more are already booked for shipment in May. The total quantity available for export against our United States quota is estimated at 640,000 long tons, or about 210,000 long tons short of the total United States quota of 850,000 long tons. Freight. A request by the Shippers’ Committee to the Sugar Freight Committee of the Associated Steam ship Lines for a reduction in the present Philippines/U. S. Atlantic Coast freight rate of $21.00 was not granted. The present outlook is that there will be no difficulty in securing space at the current rate for the unbooked balance of 1950-51 export sugar. Tobacco By Luis A. Pujalte Secretary-Treasurer Manila Tobacco Association, Inc. THE tobacco harvest is almost over and there isn’t much to add over last month’s report except to say that the second and third primings in La Union province are coming out fairly well. T feel certain that my readers will be highly interested 'in a comparative statement on the specific taxes paid on cigarettes, domestic and imported, during 1949 and 1950. The statement follows: Months February................ March..................... April......................... May......................... June......................... July. ..................... September.............. November.............. December............... P SPECIFIC TAXES PAID ON CIGARETTES Domestic Imported 1949 1950 1949 1950 364,913.02 337,281.70 365,871.49 298,755.80 454,635.00 472,719.00 261,468.45 280,821.40 280,184.00 338,149.25 325,707.35 386,428.00 P 611,449.56 749.200.00 928,566.50 1,164,525.61 2,375,931.38 1,502,264.66 1,996,857.20 3,623,755.05 3,946,027.48 4,147,221.19 3,080,428.19 3,878,683.68 P 5,839,687.05 4,421,219.68 5,037,161.04 5,664,184.48 P 2,771,098.13 5,116,521.00 5,275,142.19 4,906,780.92 4,694,552.62 4,734,333.04 3,437,479.38 5,580,627.88 4,236,986.90 1,335,901.85 845,301.33 833,304.00 1,300,952.28 1.551.158.12 1.788.203.13 3,395,682.97 . . P 4,166,95446 P28,024,910.52 P58,944,676.18 P22.563.337.18 TOTAL LOVSTED AT YOUR PRODUCTS SERVICE TIGER BRONZE BUSHINGS & CASTINGS PAL-WELD COMPOUND MO-LO RING STOCK & CASTINGS SUGAR MILL & LUMBER MILL PARTS ROYAL STEEL CASTINGS ROTTLER BORING BARS LOVSTED BABBITTS, SOLDERS & LADLES SHAFER PILLOW BLOCKS ROYAL BLUE IRON CASTINGS TOOTS-E WHISTLES & SIGNAL SYSTEMS MANGANESE CASTINGS TOOLSTEEL GEARS, PINIONS, ETC. DIAMOND ROLLER CHAIN & SPROCKETS RAIL & TRACK MATERIALS DIAMOND FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS CANE CARS & CAR PARTS NORTH COAST DRY KILNS LOCOMOTIVE PARTS SPRINGS—COIL & LEAF On Any of Your Other Requirements, Please Write Us. C. M. LOVSTED & CO., (Manila) LTD. 101, 13th St., Corner Boston, Port Area, Manila — Telephone 3-32-40 Represented by SMITH, BELL & CO., LTD. in Cebu—Iloilo—Bacolod—Davao—Legaspi May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 165 As my readers will notice, domestic cigarettes paid in 1950 approximately P24,000,000 over 1949, while im ported cigarettes paid approximately P35,000,000 less in 1950 than in 1949. This year, domestic cigarettes will pay from two to two-and-a-half times as much as during 1950. During the first three quarters of 1950 most local cigarettes were classified under the low selling-price bracket and paid Pl.50 per 1000 cigarettes, and only a small proportion paid P3.00. Last September, taxes on locally manufactured cig arettes of imported leaf were increased, in accordance with the retail selling price, to P6, P8 and P10 per 1000 cigaret tes. The law was again amended early this year, and now all locally manufactured cigarettes of imported leaf pay P10 per 1000, regardless of selling price. Imports By S. SCHMELKES Mercantile, Inc.' ALL figures are in kilos with the exception of those for foodstuffs which are given in package units. Commodities March, 1951 Automotive (Total).................................... 653,802 Automobiles.............................................. 194,196 Auto Accessories..................................... 2,883 Auto Parts................................................ 184,223 Bicycles.................:................................... 1,561 Trucks........................................................ 7,261 Truck Chassis.......................................... 119,642 Truck Parts.............................................. 46,050 Building Materials (Total)...................... 2,206,316 Board, Fibre............................................. — Cement....................................................... 52,218 Glass, Window......................................... 684,330 Gypsum...................................................... 140,613 Chemicals (Total)....................................... 10,788,260 Caustic Soda................ 392,556 Explosives (Total)......... ........................ 176,807 Firearms (Total).......................................... 7,677 Ammunition....................................... 7,398 Hardware (Total)........................................ 4,029,054 Household (Total)............................. 835,165 Machinery (Total)............................. 1,646,746 Metals (Total)....................................... 4,674,815 Petroleum Products (Total).................... 71,172,760 Radios (Total).............................................. 7,706 Rubber Goods (Total)............................... 918,850 Beverages, Misc. Alcoholic...................... 5,627 Foodstuffs (Total Kilos)........................... 36,512,466 Foodstuffs, Fresh (Total)......................... 77,561 Apples......................................................... 12,556 Oranges....................................................... 25,509 Onions......................................................... 8,085 Potatoes..................................................... 17,395 Foodstuffs, Dry Packged (Total)........ 36,683 Foodstuffs, Canned (Total)...................... 399,831 Sardines................................................. 118,092 Milk, Evaporated................................... 89,051 Milk, Condensed................................... 69,884 Foodstuffs, Bulk (Total).......................... 627,353 Rice............................................................. 102,070 Wheat Flour............................................. 476,791 Foodstuffs, Preserved (Total)................. 23 March, 1950 1,713,399 48,612 535 238,614 152 73,845 425,787 ■ 49,124 12,980,053 575 8,306,976 799,943 134,673 5,552,042 1,103,278 60,200 6,191,480 566,712 2,213,805 10,647,783 46,848,701 ' 26,998 1,106,400 7,212 23,923,466 89,873 16,899 13,050 17,000 13,288 8,763 239,438 2,100 147,710 50,600 550,550 794 489,676 174 . then I’ll have STILL MORE POWER!” Bottling, Misc. (Total)............................. 671,031 Cleansing and Laundry (Total)............. 35,982 Entertainment Equipment (Total). . . . 3,580 Livestock-bulbs-seeds (Total)................. 2,349 Medical (Total)............................................ 333,216 Musical (Total)........................................... 26,886 Office Equipment (Total)......................... 53,724 Office Supplies (Total)............................... 49,570 Paper (Total)......................................... 4,277,270 Photographic (Total)................................. 42,490 Raw Materials (Total).............................. 580,879 Sporting Goods (Total)............................. 23,083 Stationery (Total)....................................... 215,274 Tobacco (Total).......................................... 302,237 2,700,258 925,349 1,479 2,600 574,230 12,075 161,335 53,287 7,062,106 90,569 288,106 8,820 306,955 489,487 Looking into the future we have seen the need for additional generating capacity. Another 25,000 kilowatt unit has been ordered to supplement the two units recently installed in our new Rockwell Station. There will then be MORE POWER for your homes, stores and industries-MORE POWER for the fur ther economic development of the Philippines. MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY 134 San Marcelino Manila 166 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1951 PACIFIC C (I R P 0 KIT III A 449 Dasmarinas Manila EXCLUSIVELY REPRESENTING.... CORBIN LOCK COMPANY AMERICAN RADIATOR & STANDARD SANITARY CORPORATION UNION CARBIDE & CARBON CORP. National Carbon Division “Eveready” flashlights & batteries Linde Air Products Division “Union” Carbide PABCO PRODUCTS, INC. “Pabco” Products AMES BALDWIN WYOMING COMPANY BALL BROS. MASON JARS MALLEABLE IRON FITTINGS CO. FAIRBURY WINDMILL CO. CAPEWELL MANUFACTURING CO. SLOAN VALVE COMPANY BOMMER SPRING HINGE COMPANY COLUMBUS COATED PRODUCTS CO. KEENEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY BADGER METER MANUFACTURING CO. DICK BROTHERS MANUFACTURING CO. CARBORUNDUM COMPANY BADGER FIRE EXTINGUISHER CO. STEEL PRODUCTS HOUSE FURNISHINGS GENERAL HARDWARE PLUMBING Chucheria (Total)........................................ 67,624 92,743 Clothing and Apparel (Total)................. 201,583 51,646 Cosmetics (Total)....................................... 112,545 5,392 Fabrics (Total)............................................ 1,257,628 546,917 Jewelry (Total)............................................ — — Leather (Total)............................................ 118,872 290,511 Textiles (Total)........................................... 1,617,999 738,539 Twine (Total).............................................. 138,228 28,835 Toys (Total)................................................. 2,557 1,042 General Merchandise (Total)................. 294,578 239,640 Non-Commercial Shipments (Total). . 40,190 40,280 Advertising Materials, Etc. (Total). 20,354 17,638 Food Products By G. L. MaGee Trading Division Marsman Company, Inc. WITH the Price Stabilization Corporation, as au thorized by Executive Order No. 384, entertaining license applications for such essential food products as rice, wheat flour, canned fish, canned milk, canned meats, and coffee beans, April brought considerable activity to the local food-products market. Early in the month, Prisco made its final purchase of wheat flour for the current crop-year, amounting to a little more than 100,000 50-lb. bags. This purchase takes up the year’s entire balance of quota for the Philippines under IWA. Since American millers’ quota under IWA was exhausted, this final purchase was made entirely from Canadian mills and called for “enriched” flour. Next possible purchases of flour under IWA for the Philippines will be after the beginning of the next cropyear, starting August 1. Since the final shipments of flour bought by Prisco under IWA will have arrived in this market by the end of June or early July, and in all prob ability will have gone into consumption by the end of July, there will apparently be a period of 4 to 6 weeks, covering the month of August and the early part of Sept ember, when flour stocks in the Philippines will be short. To take care of this situation, Prisco is now receiving license applications from importers, flour dealers, and bakers for the importation of wheat flour at prices outside of IWA. Such purchases will be for June and July shipment, and will arrive in the market at a time when the Prisco sup plies, bought at the subsidy prices, will be rapidly dwind ling. These purchases outside IWA are at prices ranging from $0.50 to $1.50 higher per 100 pounds than the prices which the Philippines has been paying for flour under the terms of the Wheat Agreement. This is a temporary situa tion, however, and importers have rightly shown some caution in the matter, since flour prices will revert to the IWA scale as soon as business can be placed after the begin ning of the new crop-year. AGENTS BROKERS CHARTERERS TELEPHONES 3-34-20 3-34-29 American Steamship Agencies, Inc. Manila, Shanghai, Tokyo, Yokohama Cable Address: 203 Myers Bldg. “AMERSHIP” p®Jrt Afea May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 167 While Prisco has not acted on flour license applications to any great extent as yet, permitting business at prices outside of IWA, it is generally conceded that the total amount of such importations will probably not exceed 700,000 bags, which is little more than one month’s normal requirement. npHERE has been an improvement in the country’s milk supply during the past month, with total arrivals during April of more than 150,000 cartons of evaporated milk and about 30,000 cartons of condensed. This com pared with March arrivals of approximately 100,000 cartons of evaporated, and 87,000 cartons of condensed; and Feb ruary, 105,000 cartons of evaporated, and 20,000 cartons of condensed. For several months, the milk situation in the United States upon which the Philippines depends for its principal supply, has been difficult due to heavy purchases in con nection with the defense program, increased domestic demand, and export requirements of other markets. As a result, prices have advanced, and leading suppliers have been unable to meet their usual quota of shipments to the Philippine market. Many importers have turned to Euro pean sources of supply, and have combed the American market for any brand of evaporated milk which might be offered. Many new and hitherto unknown milk labels are now appearing in Philippine retail outlets. During April Prisco gave early attention to milk license-applications in order to insure as far as possible a continuous supply of this essential food, demand for which has gained in marked degree during the last three years. While available supplies may be on the short side for a few weeks, until orders placed against the latest Prisco licenses begin to arrive, the outlook for the future indicates sufficient milk for the country’s needs. Prices will un doubtedly continue firm at present levels. A lthough heavy importations of canned fish arrived •**‘in the market during the first quarter of the year, the market continues active and firm due to the fact that the previous year’s importations had been far below normal requirements. Prisco gave early attention during April to processing licenses for canned fish importations, but only limited supplies from California sources are available, since this is the off-season and warehouse stocks are badly depleted. Some interest was shown in salmon offered at high prices in limited quantities, considerable importa tions of which have been authorized. /banned meats which have been short of market require'“'ments for some time, were also given preferred con sideration by Prisco, with licenses passed for fair quantities of corned beef, Vienna sausage, potted meats, and liver paste. These supplies which will be arriving beginning end of May, will be amply sufficient for the country’s needs for this essential food. License applications for other food products under Prisco’s jurisdiction such as coffee beans, rolled oats, bakery supplies, canned soups, canned vegetables, and corn starch, are now being acted upon, with prospect of fair quantities being approved to supply this market. Applications for licenses covering poultry-feeds are now being processed, and indications are that substantial quantities of feeds and concentrates to meet the expanding interest of the country in poultry production will be allowed importation. qpHE enactment of the 17% Exchange Tax Act will A result in substantially higher prices on many im ported food items and result in higher living costs. While wheat flour, canned fish, and canned milk are exempted from this tax, other commodities will be affected. As a result there should be a growing interest in the production of native vegetables, fruits, meat, and fish, as well as in the local processing on various food products, including ground coffee, jams, jellies, and condiments. Textiles By W. V. Saussotte Acting General Manager Neuss, Hesslein Co., Inc. DURING March, arrivals from the United. States totaled 8,937 packages, including 2,478 packages of cotton piece goods and 1,563 packages of rayon piece goods. Included also were 1,537 packages of cotton twines, consisting mainly of seine twine. Arrivals of all textiles from other countries, including ■made-up goods, consisted of 632 packages from Japan, 1,043 packages from China, 361 packages from Europe, and 486 packages from India. The arrivals from Europe included 298 packages of Hessian cloth while the arrivals SMITH-CORONA PORTABLE CHRYSLER IIRTUMP PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONERS REFRIGERATION SALES and SEItVICE W. A. CHITTICK & CO., IYC. EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTOR Telephone 5-30-33 31 ROMERO SALAS, MANILA One glance at the new SMITH-CORONA. . . and you’re convinced that it’s the most beautiful and sturdy portable typewriter you’ve ever laid eyes on! Not just a “new model”. . . it’s a revolutionary all new typewriter. . . with a total of nineteen new features plus fifteen SMITH-CORONA “exclu sives”! Its smart, new Color-speed Keyboard is full standard office machine size. . . has rimless keys colored a restful non-glare green and “comfort shape” to cup your finger tips. ERLANGER & GALINGER, INC. 123 T. Pinpin, Manila • Magallanes St., Cebu City 168 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1951 SERVICE WITH SATISFACTION / CUSTOMS BROKERS i WAREHOUSEMEN / TRUCKING i PACKING & CRATING »’ FREIGHT FORWARDING f SHIP HUSBANDING »' CARGO SUPERINTENDENCE »’ ARMORED CAR SERVICE i AIR CARGO AGENTS f FIELD WAREHOUSING LUZON BROKERAGE COMPANY Derham Bldg. Cables: Telephone: Port Area LUBROCOIN 3-34-31 -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------DEPENDABLE IN HINN ON PEACE CATERPILLAR from India consisted almost entirely of cotton knitting yam. Total arrivals from countries other than the United States amounted to 2,522 packages. While total arrivals from all sources for the month of March amounted to 11,459 packages, representing an appreciable increase compared with arrivals during February, the arrivals for March are still considerably below the annual monthly average arrivals of 22,600 pack ages for 1949 and 12,600 packages for 1950. The increase in March arrivals compared with Feb ruary’s, should not be regarded as indicating a future trend toward increased arrivals because those for March were against import permits issued during January and early February, and since the total value of the licenses granted during the latter part of February and March was con siderably less, April arrivals will undoubtedly show another decline, which will indicate the actual trend toward everdecreasing arrivals. Inasmuch as neither Prisco nor the ICA issued any licenses whatever for textile fabrics during April, the future can be regarded only with alarm as this will mean acute .shortages in local stocks. During the first half of April, local prices declined to the extent of about 15% compared with prevailing prices for March. This was due in part to the increase in arrivals for March when compared with February’s as noted above, and also in part to the seasonal let-down which always follows the Easter holidays. However, local resale prices strengthened considerably during the latter part of April, so that the March levels have virtually been reached. Unless there is a prompt issuance of licenses by both Prisco and the ICA, it is expected that the upward tendencies in local prices will continue because the short age of local stocks is bound to become more noticeable. As this article goes to press, neither the ICB nor Prisco has made it clear to the public which textile items will be licensed by their respective offices. However, a joint meet ing was held on May 2 between representatives of the various local chambers of commerce, trade associations, ICA, Prisco, and Central Bank in an attempt to clarify this situation, and it is hoped that the issuance of licenses by both Prisco and the ICA will begin some time during May. Another factor which has served to create confusion in the local market, is that those textile items which are subject to Prisco price-ceilings are governed by Presidential Executive Order No. 373 which became effective on Nov ember 27, 1950. Since that time, export prices at consid erably higher levels were established as ceiling-prices by the Price Control authorities in the United States on “Caterpillar” diesel engines, tractors, motor graders, and earthmoving equipment played a great role during the last war. Their out standing records stem from a rugged simpli city of design that leaves little chance of things going wrong. During peace-time, they are equally dependable because back of them stands a factory of high reputation for highquality products. I—KOPPEL—. (PHILIPPINES) BOSTON & 23RD STREETS | N C ■ PORT AREA * TEL- 3‘37-53 Br«nch«a: L Bacolod * Iloilo * C«bu * Davao • Colabato * Zamboanga 1 INSURANCE FIRE-MARINE-CASUALTY ATLAS ASSURANCE CO. LTD. THE EMPLOYERS* LIABILITY CONTINENTAL INSURANCE CO. ASSURANCE CORPORATION I.ul. LAW UNION & ROCK INSURANCE CO., LTD. INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA E. E. ELSER, Inc. GENERAL AGENTS Tel. 2-77-58—404 Ayala Bldg., Manila — Cable “ELSINC” May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 169 January 26, 1951. In addition, the local excise tax on foreign exchange amounting to 17% and the increase in the local sales tax amounting to 25%, have meanwhile become effective, so that in some instances the ceiling prices of Executive Order No. 373 are actually below today’s landed costs. Failure to adjust these local ceiling-prices in accordance with increased costs to importers, has only served to create an atmosphere conducive to black-market operations. It is .to be hoped that Prisco will re-align its price-ceilings in the near future so as to remove at least one of the many factors which have contributed to the increase in the prices of essential clothing items for con sumers in this market . Legislation, Executive Orders, and Court Decisions By Robert J and a Ross, Selph, Carrascoso & 'Janda DURING the past month the Philippine Congress enacted three bills of importance to the business com munity which have been approved by the President. Republic Act 604 appropriates the sum of ?50,000,000 as the Counterpart Fund under the EC A Program. Republic Act 608 extends the Price Control Law until June 30, 1952, unless sooner terminated by proclamation of the President of the Philippines .or by concurrent resolution of Congress, and modifies the procedures for enforcing the law. Republic Act 602, to be effective as of August 13, 1951, provides for the payment of a minimum wage of P4 a day in Manila and its environs and ?3 a day elsewhere for the first year, thereafter ?4 a day when the employee is employed in enterprises other than agriculture. Agri cultural enterprises subject to the act are required to pay for the first year Pl.75 a day, for the second year P2.00, and for the third year and thereafter P2.50 a day. The Act sets up a procedure for setting higher mini mum wages in any industry upon action originated by the Secretary of Labor in his o\vn discretion or mandatorily by the Secretary of Labor upon petition of six or more employees in any industry. The Secretary acts by estab lishing a Wage Board composed of two representatives of employees in the industry, two representatives of the employers, and a member representing the public. After a hearing they make recommendations as to a minimum wage for the industry to the Secretary, which recommend ation must be made within 30 days. Upon the filing of their report, the Secretary gives notice to interested parties and conducts a public hearing on the report within 15 days. After the hearing the Secretary may either accept or refuse the report but may not modify it. If the report is accepted ★ LUZON STEVEDOIIING COMPANY, IJIC. Manila ★ CAPTURED! ★ Via Letterpress ★ And our printing know-how of over 50 years! Jnneitinenti HALL, PICORNELL, ORTIGAS & CO. Members MANILA STOCK EXCHANGE 201 Ayala Bldg. Tels. Manila (26679 COLOR WORK VIRKOGRAPHING OR GENERAL PRINTING GIVE THE JOB TO US — NOTE THE DIFFERENCE! Color work is our specialty MLLOGGH PRimG CO. PRINTING HEADQUARTERS SINCE 1899 (A Division of Philippine Education Co.) 1104 Castillejos, Quiapo, Manila Tel. 3-24-70 170 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1951 IMPORTERS EXPORTERS Keep Your Costs Down — Use Pasig River Bodegas GENERAL BONDED WATERFRONT WAREHOUSES Accessible by WATER or LAND Low Storage and Insurance Rates Lighterage Service 145 M. de Binondo Tel. 2-63-10 the Secretary, by order, provides that no person engaged in the industry investigated may pay lower wages than those recommended. The Act provides that there may be a differentiation in wages between one locality and another. An appeal to the Supreme Court lies from the order of the Secretary upon questions of law, the findings of fact of the Secretary, when supported by substantial evi dence, being made conclusive. The Act contains other provisions relating to pay ment of wages in legal currency directly to the employee, notification of the employee of the terms of his contract and his rights under the law, and various provisions for administering and enforcing the Act. 't’he Supreme Court, on April 28, 1951, handed down A its decision in the case of Legarda vs. Miaihle wherein the Court upheld an agreement made for valuable consid eration not to pay a pre-war obligation during the Ja panese occupation. Of basic importance to the business community, however, was the dicta of the Court indicating it would have upheld as valid a consignation in court of a sum in military currency paying a pre-war obligation contracted and payable in Philippine currency. The Court also upheld as unenforceable during the occupation a provision in the contract allowing the creditor the right to require payment in British currency. Philippine Safety Council By Frank S. Tenny Executive Director .FFICERS for the next twelve months were elected by the Board of iDirectors of the Philippine Safety Council at a special meeting held on April 22. They are: ELECTRIC POWER DOES ALL THE WORK WHEN YOU W,TH * VAI E WORKSAVER I ALE ELECTRIC LIFT TRUCK THE WORKSAVER lifts and travels by electric power— reduces material handling to little more than a "stroll and steer”operation. High-Liftmodels suck skids, skid bins and pallets in space-saving rows. If you want faster handling and lower costs, get all the facts about 7 Worksaver models: Low-Lift Platform ... Low-Lift Pallet. . . Tin Plate . . . HighLift Platform •.. High-Lift Tilt ing and Non-Tilting Fork . . . Tractor. Capacities up to 6,000 lbs., depending on type. Phone or write for complete informa tion today. THE EDWARD J. NELL COMPANY 1450 Arlegui Street Tel. 3-21-21 TOOLS THAT KEEP INDUSTRY f y . p. K ON THE MOVE . . . MADE BY \ President: Joseph A. Thomas Vice-President: Dr. Romeo Y. Atienza Secretary: Miguel Ortigas Treasurer: Francisco Delgado Executive Director: Frank S. Tenny A special committee was formed to contact the Secretary of Public Works and Communications and the Chief of the Motor Vehicles Office in regard to suggested improvements in the testing of drivers and vehi cles. Members are Executive Director Tenny, Secretary Ortigas, and Treasurer Delgado. The Executive Director was instructed to contact the M-G-M film exchange in regard to wide distribution of the current safety film, “Traffic With the Devil”, now showing in a downtown theater. Activ ities of the Fire Prevention Board were also discussed at length at the meeting. New members of the Council are the Philippine Packing Corpora tion and Gonzalo Puyat & Sons. The matter of control by the Public Service Commission over bus companies and their drivers was also discussed in detail. MOTOR SERVICE CO., II. AUTOMOTIVE PARTS • ACCESSORIES GARAGE & SHOP EQUIPMENT BATTERIES • TIRES • TUBES 230 13th St., Port Area — Tel. 3-36-21 May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 171 COST OF LIVING INDEX OF WAGE EARNER’S FAMILY1 IN MANILA BY MONTH, 1946 TO 1951 (1941 = 100) Bureau of the Census and Statistics January........ . 603.$ 759.2 236.4 984.0 363.8 434.8 .1657 February... . 547.2 656.3 236.4 940.3 369.5 460.5 .1827 March........... . 525.9 631.0 236.4 940.1 340.4 445.2 .1902 April.............. . 556.2 684.1 236.4 910.3 345.5 435.9 .1798 May.............. . 545.1 675.6 236.4 762.5 342.3 409.6 .1835 June.............. . 538.7 666.4 236.4 737.9 343.3 404.2 .1856 July............... . 552.7 704.3 236.4 598.9 341.3 364.6 .1809 August.......... . 477.9 590.0 236.4 384.7 320.9 346.3 .2092 September. . . 477.9 591.3 236.4 378.7 314.5 347.2 .2092 October.... . 487.4 587.2 236.4 382.7 405.8 342.7 .2052 November.. . 484.8 607.8 236.4 406.4 346.5 305.2 .2063 December.. . 461.9 570.8 236.4 371.9 344.7 302.1 .2165 £1947>><^(100.00)^R63.43) (11.96) (2.04) (7.73) (14.84) January........ ^52^72 368.2 453.9 381.9 326.2 282.5 .2346 February.... . 418.5 454.9 453.9 356.2 344.8 281.4 .2389 March........... . 406.8 440.1 453.9 295.2 334.7 279.4 .2458 April............. . 387.7 413.3 543.9 269.2 328.9 271.6 .2579 May.............. . 381.0 404.4 453.9 250.9 325.4 269.4 .2625 June.............. . 386.3 414.4 453.9 236.8 316.6 268.6 .2589 July............... . 393.4 426.8 453.9 217.7 309.3 269.9 .2542 August......... . 387.4 419.8 453.9 210.2 292.0 269.1 .2581 September. . . 368.9 392.1 453.9 216.4 283.3 266.8 .2711 October........ . 358.7 376.3 453.9 212.7 280.5 267.7 .2788 November... . 358.4 376.3 453.9 215.1 280.5 265.3 .2790 December... . 371.9 395.8 453.9 219.1 298.2 262.9 .2689 1948 January........ . 391.2 428.3 453.9 224.5 304.6 249.9 .2556 February.... . 368.5 392.0 453.9 223.8 301.1 254.4 .2714 March........... . 349.4 361.0 453.9 214.6 308.1 255.9 .2862 April............. . 356.1 374.1 453.9 209.4 289.7 .254.8 .2808 May.............. . 349.8 360.2 453.9 214.2 289.7 271.6 .2859 June.............. . 354.3 370.4 453.9 205.2 283.2 262.9 .2823 July............... . 356.4 374.2 453.9 201.3 281.6 262.4 .2806 August......... . 363.6 385.7 453.9 199.8 281.6 261.7 .2751 September. . . 370.6 397.2 453.9 199.2 279.6 260.6 .2698 October........ . 374.9 404.0 453.9 204.8 283.2 257.9 .2668 November... . 368.7 394.4 453.9 202.0 281.6 258.7 .2712 December... . 365.9 389.9 453.9 2O2'o 282.4 258.9 .2732 An IMPORTANT PERSON In Your Life Here is the important young lady upon whose finger tips depend much of your daily life’s routines —your telephone operator. She helps your words of romance, friendship, busi ness, speed on their way to any point around the world. Iler qualities are part of her tradition. There still is a scarcity of telephone materials, but there never has been a scarcity of the operator’s devotion to duty. The operator, with her patience, industry and cour tesy, is an important person in your life. PHILIPPINE LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE COMPANY Marquez de Comillas, Manila OUR POLICY: The best possible service at the lowest cost consistent with financial safety and fair treatment of employees. FULL PROTECTION... January........ . 363.8 386.8 453.9 202.0 279.0 258.9 .2750 February.... . 343.8 355.5 453.9 203.0 277.5 258,9 .2909 March........... . 346.3 358.2 453.9 202.0 276.3 258.5 .2896 April............. . 348.7 362.6 453.9 197.6 287.5 257.1 .2868 May.............. . 348.8 362.8 453.9 197.2 287.5 257.1 .2867 June.............. . 349.0 362.9 453.9 203.9 287.5 257.2 .2865 July............... . 351.7 374.0 453.9 194.2 265.8 240.5 .2844 August.......... . 337.5 351.2 453.9 196.3 266.6 241.2 .2963 September. . . 333.6 345.1 453.9 190.3 264.8 243.1 .2998 October .... . 332.9 343.3 453.9 199.9 264.8 245.0 .3004 November... . 339.6 356.1 453.9 191.1 258.4 239.8 .2945 December .. . 329 6 335.9 453.9 202.9 259.5 256.2 .3035 1950 January .... . 332.3 336.8 453.9 238.0 253.1 269.3 .3010 February.. .. . 336.9 340.2 453.9 233.3 257.8 284.1 .2969 March........... . 339.0 341.4 453.9 236.7 257.8 292.6 .2950 April............. 331.8 328.6 453.9 237.7 252.9 301.2 .3015 May............... . 320.2 308.6 453.9 244.7 249.7 309.1 .3123 June.............. . 323.1 310.9 453.9 243.5 249.7 319.1 .3095 July................ . 332.0 322.4 453.9 252.6 249.7 328.7 .3012 August.......... . 334.4 325.9 453.9 258.7 251.1 328.4 .2990 September . . . 341.3 335.0 453.9 317.4 252.5 327.5 .2930 October......... . 352.8 351.1 453.9 337.3 249.7 334.5 .2835 November... . 354.1 353.2 453.9 322.8 249.7 335.9 .2825 December. . 352.2 350.5 453.9 325.2 249.7 334.8 .2839 1951 January 355 2 355.0 453.9 331.5 249.7 334.6 .2816 February. .. . .358.4 359’8 453.9 342.8 249.7 334.4 .2790 March.......... . 353.2 349.3 453.9 379.4 248.8 339.3 .2832 April.............. . 361.2 362.6 453.9 398.6 247.5 334.7 <276^The Philippine Guaranty Company, Inc. Capital-Fully Paid: Pl,500,000 Total Assets: P4,446,983.90 FIRE, MARINE, MISCELLANEOUS MOTOR CAR, INSURANCE, MORTGAGE FIDELITY LOANS SURETY BONDS. 3RD FLOOR • INSULAR LIFE BUILDING • PLAZA CERVANTES • MANILA PHONE 2-31-12 BRANCH OFFICE: CEBU CITY AGENCIES ALL OVER THE PHILIPPINES 172 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1951 New 1951 EVEHSHARP SCHICK INJECTOR The — “LET YOUR HAIR DOWN” - ----------- Column BLADES Distributors PHILIPPINE EDUCATION CO. MANILA Thia Journal is one of the best media for advertising addressed to business and plant managers THE Chamber will have to buy a copy, for its library, of “First Ma layan Republic, The Story of the Philippines”, by former Associate Justice George A. Malcolm. The editor came back from a luncheon given by Justice Malcolm at the Manila Hotel, with the book under his arm, but he said that was his personal copy, and he proved it by an inscription in the Justice’s hand writing on the fly-leaf. ' The luncheon marked the occasion of the formal launching of the book, which, Justice Malcolm said, was taking place on that day,’ May 5, not only in Manila but “all over the world”. The editors, book dealers, and critics present, who had just partaken of a fine meal, applauded heartily. The book is a publication of the Christopher Publishing House, of Boston, con tains 14 illustrations, mostly portraits, and the jacket bears high recom mendations from such personages as Vice-President Fernando Lopez and Mr. Frederic H. Stevens. The book was written during the past two years in Hollywood, Cali fornia, where Justice Malcolm makes his home, and in Manila, and is therefore well up-to-date. The whole story of' the Philippines is told in 460 pages, with chapters on the physical features and the climate of the country, on the origin and the characteristics of the people, and on the historical background, with a following, more elaborate treatment of the American regime, the Commonwealth, the war period, and the Republic, the Constitution, etc. Additional chapters deal with the economic resources, trade, finance, etc. of the country. Fact-studded, yet highly readable, entirely friendly, yet sufficiently outspoken, the book is the fruit of the knowledge and experience of the Philippines gained since the year 1906, when Mr. Mal colm first came to the country, a law graduate, whose first job here was a clerkship. Rising to Assistant Attorney General, he was the founder and first Dean of the College of Law of the University of the Philippines. In 1917 President Woodrow Wilson appointed him as an Associate Jus tice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, a position which he held until shortly after the inaugura tion of the Commonwealth, when he joined the staff of the American High Commissioner. Four years later he left the Philippines to become Attorney General of Puerto Rico. “First Malayan Republic” is the most comprehensive, informative, and interesting one-volume work on the Philippines available. q peaking of books, the Standard^Vacuum Oil Company, Philip pines, sent us a beautifully illustrated and printed, 136-page book, entitled “Oil for the World”, written by Stewart Schackne and N. D’Arcy Drake, and published by Harper & Brothers. The book covers the history of the industry, the geology, also the drilling, the refining, and the transportation (including a descrip tion of the over 150,000 miles of pipe-line in the United States), with a chapter, too, on the organization of the industry, and is full of truly fascinating information. We devoted a whole afternoon to reading this book and studying the maps,—the more interesting because of the recent developments in Irak, and an odd coincidence was that that same after noon there was delivered to us another oil-book, the “Diamond Jubilee Book” of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company, published in The Hague, 208 pages, cloth-bound, and sent to us by courtesy of the Shell Company of Philippine Islands, Ltd. This book also is handsomely printed, finely illustrated, covers much the same ground as the other, perhaps a little more fully in some respects, but deals more specifically, of course, as the title indicates, with the history of the Royal Dutch Company, founded in 1890 with a concession in North Sumatra. In 1907 it formed the famous alliance with the “Shell” Transport & Trading Co. Ltd., Lon don, which has remained until the present time the basis of the socalled Royal Dutch/Shell Group. The history is recounted in some detail and we look forward to a careful reading of it. May, 1951 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 173 'i YOU WANT ■ ■ ■ 1 ... to eliminate timeconsuming, separate pay roll postings? 2 . . .to eliminate eostly copying errors? 3 ... to have an easyto-check, faster, more accurate payroll system? 4 ... to cut your over head with a machine that’ll pay for itself. . . in valuable lime and mo ney savings for you? 1 5 IF YOU DO,... THEN YOU NEED AN UNDERWOOD SUNDSTRAND THE PAYROLL MACHINE THAT SPEEDS THE Ask for a FREE demonstration NOW! We'll show you how you can cut your overhead.'... save time and money! St:iTH.BELL^CO..LTD. TRADE AND COMMERCE BLDG MANILA Tel. 2-69-71 Wf. were in a friend's office the other day when he asked his secretary to get a local banker on the telephone. The girl came back a moment later and said the banker was ‘‘in conference”,—as, of course, she had been informed by his secretary. Our friend exclaimed: “If there is any thing that makes me angry, it’s this reply you often get from a business house that the man you want is ‘in conference’! What do such fellows thinlc they are? Diplomats? “How much more sensible it is,” he went on to say, “when you are told that he is busy with a customer or client and the girl then asks politely whether she may call you back when he is free.” “Dear H: “Having been deeply touched by reading your subtle SOS in the ‘Let Your Hair Down’ column of the April Journal, and as I have two bottles of whisky and you apparently none, I am. sharing mine with you, lest I be deemed a hoarder. One herewith. “Perkins.” Reply: “Dear Mr. Perkins, “My first reaction to your (1) note and (2) bottle was a laugh that brought tears to my eyes; I appreciated especially your ironic use of the word ‘subtle’, for while, as you have proved, the paragraph was effective to a degree, it was certainly not deft. "Next, sheer joy at having actual posses sion of a bottle of prime Scotch. “Then, shame at having been taken so literally with a blush mantling my brow at the crude mendicancy it might be supposed I was guilty of. “A flash of panic at what the Chamber Board of Directors might think about the use of the Journal columns for such personal solicitation. “A half-decision haughtily to return the bottle with a statement that I had been misunderstood. “But at the thought that this might offend the giver, a moment of stark terror. “A 'blank. I re-read the note. “Then, suddenly, pity for the giver who, having only two bottles, deprived himself of half of his total supply for my sake. “A grinding sense of being wholly un worthy of such a sacrifice on the part of another. “A half-decision to return the bottle with a note affectionately chiding him for such unheard-of self-sacrifice. “By that time I had the bottle open and was sniffing the contents (N.B. I don’t drink during working hours). “The thought that now I couldn’t return the bottle. Actually, I could, of course, but the giver might only suspect me of having watered it, and that would be an insult on his part and, if I had, a crime on mine. “Certainly, I could not allow so happy an incident to come to so dire a conclusion, Oh, nay! “You a hoarder, Mr. Perkins? If a hoarder, Mr. Perkins, only of the admiration and esteem and love and adoration and venera tion of your fellow-men, Mr. Perkins. Skoal!” Second note: “Dear H. “I used a certain amount of poetical license when I said I had only two bottles. But thanks for your letter just the same. “Perkins.” Reply: “License cheerfully conceded and with profound relief. Thanks all the same.” YOU i WANT EMPLOYERS !p BRADMA FOOLPROOF PAYROLL SYSTEM AND THE 1 ... to eliminate cal culating your employees’ earnings every payday? 2 ... to eliminate typ ing or writing all your payroll forms every pay day? 3 ... to eliminate time consuming typing errors? 4 ... to eliminate doubt in the accuracy of ydur payroll system? IF YOU DO, THEN YOU NEED ADDRESSING MACHINE! for a FREE demonstration NOW! We’ll show you how you can cut your overhead!... save time and money! SMlfli JELUCO'lTD. TRADE AND COMMERCE BLDG MANILA lei 2-69-71 174 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL C. F. SHARP & COMPANY, INC. STEAMSHIP OPERATORS—AGENTS SHIP BROKERS GENERAL ORIENTAL AGENTS: WATERMAN STEAMSHIP CORPORATION Mobile, Alebeme THE IVARAN LINES-FAR EAST SERVICE (Holter-Sorenten—Oslo, Norwey) PACIFIC ORIENT EXPRESS LINE (DITLEV-SIMONSEN LINES) (TRANSATLANTIC STEAMSHIP CO., LTD.) Sweden GENERAL STEAMSHIP CORPORATION Sen Franciico SIMPSON, SPENCE t YOUNG New York V. MULLER Kobenhavn, Denmark Head Office: 5TH FL., INSULAR LIFE BLDG. MANILA, PHILIPPINES TELEPHONES: 2-69-56 2-69-57 2-69-58 2-69-59 2-69-50 Branch Offices: SAN FRANCISCO—SHANGHAI SINGAPORE-PENANG TOKYO—YOKOHAMA NAGOYA-OSAKA SHIMIZU—FUSAN (KOREA) Cable Addren: ” SUG ARCRAFT" all officer How’s this? “My dear H: “Article in TIME, May 7, 1951, ECA policy on remitting dollar profits. 'To encourage U. S. investment abroad, the Econ omic Cooperation Administration provides that any profits earned in Marshall Plan nations may be converted into dollars. Last week, to lure still more foreign investments, ECA boldly broadeqpd its insurance. It announced that in the future, for a yearly fee of 1% of the amount involved, it will insure U. S. business ventures in Marshall Plan countries against expropriation (but not against war damage or normal business risks).' “The above item suggested an idea to me. I do not know how Marshall Plan assured American investors of the remission of profits in dollars. A similar plan could be adopted here much easier to enforce. “Let every American citizen who wants to withdraw dollar profits register his invest ment with ECA, supported by proper evi dence that the investment had been made prior to the adoption of the proposed system. , “Upon ECA’s certification, the peso profits could be deposited to the credit of ECA in a local U. S. depository bank. ECA in Washington would then draw dollar checks payable in the United States, at the official exchange rate. The pesos accumu lated here would be transferred to Veterans’ Bureau and other Federal agencies making peso payments, and these agencies in turn would reimburse ECA in dollars at Wash ington. “In other words, instead of the United States turning over all its dollars to the Central Bank for free, they would be ear marked for paying profits to United States citizens. Central Bank wouldn’t like it, but it would certainly stimulate American investments in the Philippines. If the dollars available are not sufficient, priority should May, 1951 be given to profits from new investments, and the profits from previous investments could be pro-rated. “It’s about time the United States should look after its own people. “I do not have the sources of information to enable me to judge the possibility of the idea. So I am passing it on to you to use if you wish, without attribution. “Yours truly...” Here’s pretty high praise! “Mrs. Marie Willimont American Chamber of Commerce “Dear Mrs. Willimont: “Thank you very much for your letter of March 10 advising me that my application for active membership in the American Chamber of Commerce has been approved, effective May, 1951. “It is indeed a pleasure to become a member of this organization which is doing such good work for the American business community in the Philippines, and has also been of great assistance to me personally in the past. “Your bulletins, as well as the monthly Journal, are the ‘bibles’ of many business firms here. I assure you that we use them daily, and find that your releases are the best way of keeping abreast of developments in this country. “Enclosed please find our check for P310.00 which covers your Statement No. 2963. This is one statement which we enjoy paying. “Very truly yours, "A. R. CUMMINGS Vice-President “Vick International, Inc. Manila” EVERETT STEAMSHIP CORPORATION GENERAL AGENTS ‘ AMERICAN MAIL LINE To and From Portland Seattle Vancouver Tacoma PACIFIC TRANSPORT LINES To and From California Philippines BARBER-FERN LINE Service to U.S. Atlantic Via Straits, Suez, Mediterranean FERN LINE To and From North Atlantic Ports Gulf Ports—Philippines EVERETT ORIENT LINE Serving the Orient Philippines to China, Japan, Korea, Straits and India Ports PHILIPPINE STEAM NAVIGATION CO. Serving the Philippine Islands 223 Dasmarifias St., Manila Tel. 2-98-46 (Priv. Exch. All Lines) Success and Failure . . . (Continued from page 142) as well as so inefficient in economic production as to deepen the general poverty, was not clearly enough understood, and for that reason mainly, communism constituted a terrible threat to democracy and was greatly to be feared. For if the error persisted until it was too late to rally the forces of democracy, then all freedom and all it guarantees now and for the future, might be lost. Fortunately for mankind, com munism in practice is destroying itself. Communism as an actual governmental regime in Russia and in those countries to which its iron yet blundering rule has been extended, is itself serving to expose the error and to clarify the true nature of democracy. Communism’s appeal to idealism is everywhere rapidly fading. As a form of state organization it is demonstrating, for all men to see, that it is a poverty-stricken slave regime under a few dominant men who rule by terror. The only remaining strength of communism, therefore, is the strength of evil, and, as we wrote in these columns some months ago, the ata vistic evil in man’s nature is still demonically powerful. Yet all civiliza tion is proof that it has always in the long run been overcome. So long as communism could appeal to the good in man, it was greatly to be feared; proved to be evil, it may be feared much less. And when the representatives of our democracies, in international con ferences, face the spokesmen of the Kremlin, it should be no matter of dismay, but rather a source of refresh ment and renewed strength, that they can not agree. That such con ferences have failed to lead to concord between the democratic and total itarian states does not denote failure on the part of the representatives of the democracies, but their deter mined maintenance of the great values of civilization. Individualism and communism, democracy and tota litarianism are irreconcilable. The only outcome conceivable as suc cessful could never be a compromise; it would have to be a Kremlin sur render. Only special tools and equipment can fix machinery right! Bring your truck or bus in now for INTERNATIONAL ★ 5-STAR SERVICE Don't let under-equipped, under-experienced mechanics GUESS what's wrong! Our better trained, long experienced servicemen are equipped with up-todate tools, testing devices and genuine spare parts to service all makes of trucks or buses. So let INTERNATIONAL'S 5-STAR Service solve your maintenance problems. It's ECONOMICAL! It's GUARANTEED! " 1 P e c H * * INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER SERVICE STATION 154 MARQUES DE COMILLAS MANILA ★ /fe caste 'Otv the Madb ★ ^Virginia Mayo w Gregory Pegu 3Bo-tlanifif in Now smoke Chesterfields-they do smoke milder, and they leave NO UNPLEASANT AFTER-TASTE ‘CAPTAIN HORATIO HORNBLOWER* «X 'Wmur Stet. "M>r if EMndo&rLD Its the Easiest Test in the Book... OPEN 'EM • SMELL ’EM SMOKE ’EM Make the Tobacco Grower* Mildness Test yourself...'Tobaccos that small milder smoke milder* Compare Chesterfield with the brand you've been smoking...Open a pack...smell that milder Chesterfield aroma. Provetobaccos that smell milder smoke milder. VllGINiA Mayo enjoys her coffee a Chesterfield while the hairdresser her hair between scenes In the shooting Of "CAPTAIN HOBATIO HORN BIOWEB." Make your next pack Smeiis MILDER*Smokes MILDER' Lewes no unplemant AFTEK^ii^rt Listen to the Ding Crosby CHESTEH Fl ELD Show on Thursday and to the Arthur Godfrey CHES TERFIELD Program Saturday through X\ . .Im-day. boll. from fl:3O to 9:00 P. M. user Stjtfori DZPI