The Carolinian

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Part of The Carolinian

Title: The Carolinian
Issue Date: Volume XXIII (Issue No. 2) September-October 1959
Year: 1959
Language: English; Filipino; Spanish
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extracted text: OCT 2 7 1959 / jnjqiVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LIBRARY Volume XXIII • No. 2 Official Publication of the Students of the University of San Carlos * SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER ISSUE * 1959 THE STAFF The staff is a closely-knit group this year. The relations among its members are mere per sonal than they were a few years back when Essel A.J.R. was still Slxto, Frank A. Robles still Francisco, and so forth. The staffers often converge in the almost austere-looking room they call their office, discuss new brainstorms, criticise each other’s work, insult each other deliberately (sample dialogue: "Frankie, you're memorising a lot of useless things". "That's right, Junne: I memorize your poems") and wind up greater buddies for ail that. Sametimes, they go out together, eat at a downtown restaurant (the rule: when the editor eats, everybody eats; when the editor pays, everybody pays), and then take a promenade as they trade barbs and insults and discuss sundry subjects, ranging all the way from the poetry of Homer to the lipstick shades their latest girls use. Etc. This unity, we hope, will be for the good of the "C", The staffers will work with more willingness and more life, happy in each other's company while they serve their audience. There were some interesting incidents to remember the first issue by. FLF, our irre pressible “funnyboner,” created a riot with his “joey returns.” The offended parties seethed with indignation (some of them wrote angry letters of protest to the Fr. Rector; others tore their copies of the “C”), while the general reading audience roared with laughter. In the THE FIRST ISSUE words of J. C., FLF’s cry for recognition had at last been heard. Of course, no malice was intended in the piece. It was written in the spirit of clean fun; it was written as a spoof. We are glad that the riot is all over now, and we can have a sigh of peace. The regular number of pages for this mag THIS is forty, pictorials and covers included in iccrzr the count. We had forty-eight pages in the ISSUE first issue. This one, therefore, had to be pegged down to its present size. Our choice of theme for this issue is by way of paying tribute to the Teachers’ College. Fr. Buchick and Mr. Al fredo Ordofia did us proud by helping us gather materials about certain aspects of Catholic Education which you will find in the “In Tribute” section. Our deepest gratitude is theirs. The cover, which is ARM’s interpretation of the theme, shows his present obsession with symbolism ar.d semi-abstrac tion. Here’s a prayer that it may appeal to you. Our good Father John wrote us about the first issue. He had some kind words for it, and we were flattered. Among other things, he said that the sectioning and the general lay-out were a success and that the cover was a real eye-catcher. Credit goes to Artist Manligas. He has come a long, long way since he drew his “boy scout” cover for Editor Sitoy (Christmas Issue, 1957). Other features of the magazine also got their share of paeans and philippics. For one, the editor got edited. A letter praised his editorial in superlatives in the first parag raph but slyly concluded with: “For truly, desserts are given only after dinner.” What he meant, of course, was that the use of the word “dessert” in the editorial was wrong. Indeed it was, for instead of “desserts will be given where they are due,” as was printed, “deserts will be given where they are due” should have appeared. That was we assure our readers, a typographical error. While we are not great grammarians, yet we do not usually commit fundamental errors in grammar. Incidentally, we would like to take this occasion to draw your attention to the fact that typographical errors are unavoidable. May you look upon them with tolerance. All things said and done, the first issue gave us something to remember. The staff is grateful to Fr. Baumgartner and Miss Fernandez for their help and inspiration. The Stuff: Two stories about the internal conflicts of two lonely men are presented in this issue by J. C. and Frank. Beyond a community of loneliness of the heroes, however, no simi larity is discernible in the stories. “Comma” ends with a serene note of triumph when the hero finds his true self again; “Period” concludes with a horrible shriek of terror and pain when Miguel kills himself “in the moonlit and deserted streets of Misericordia.” Memorabilia, vignettes on sundry matters, introduces what its author calls prose-poetry. There might be dif ferences of opinion as to whether Memorabilia should be classified as poetry. We do not take side with Memorabilia as a whole. We only want to point out the fact that in “Heartburning” there cannot be any denial of the poetic intensity of the situation (a lover suffers the pain of being jilted while the world around nonchalantly rejoices, pausing not even for a second to offer the littlest sympathy) and the fine restraint with which the writer handles it. Al Amores’ poems, which, in this issue, are replete with the imagery that is alternately his weakness and his strength, show the author at some of his finest. D. M. Maglalang writes on Joaquin’s “Guardia de Ho nor.” Here, he no longer burns with the fire and the vitriol that he directed at Villa. Rather, he is like a meek wor shipper who bows at the feet of his god, burning rare in cense in adoration. FLF comes up with another spoof — this time oir. poli ticians. We hope he does not tread on sensitive toes. We are peaceful men. We do not want to get into trouble with people over ima gined wrongs. Dr. Maceda, our newly returned eth nologist, points up certain aspects of a study that has long been neglected in the Philippines. Would that he awaken interest in it. Manuel S. (jo ScUteiiat Staff MANUEL S. GO Editor JUNNE CAnIZARES B. C. CABANATAN Senior Editors AMORSOLO MANLIGAS Artist RODOLFO JUSTINIANI FILEMON L. FERNANDEZ TEODORO BAY ALBERTO RILE Associates Epimaco Densing, Jr. Francisco Rob les, Alfredo Amores, Nelson Larosa, Beffy Antonio, Carmelita Rodrigues, George Barcenilla, Lorna Rodrigues, Ricardo Go, Redencion Alcantara, Florencio Gabales, Rodolfo Babiera, Potenciano Isaac Staff Writers ADELINO B. SITOY SIXTO LL. ABAO, JR. Contributing Editors MISS ALEJANDRA FERNANDEZ Ad riser REV. JOSEPH BAUMGARTNER, S.V.D. Moderator Editorial CAROLINIAN Official Publication of the Students of the University of San Carlos Cebu City, Philippines SEPT. OCT., 1959 of d^ateaU REGULAR COLUMNS LITERARY FEATURES MISCELLANEA News Review REGULAR SECTIONS Pictorials ROTC Kviiort. IllHi.lo Seccion Casteliana Wikang Filipino SHORT STORIES CORRUPT YOUTH LEADERS R RAW LI NG, hustling, mudslinging, right in the heart of the present political turmoil; horse-trading, scheming, right in the melee of conference halls are young people. Youth leaders, they call themselves. Oh, yes, indeed, youth leaders, hut corrupt ones! Ask them why they are in the midst of the struggle, and they will brazenly tell you that they are there for the money and the power they derive from the racket. Ask them if they are willing to make the littlest sacrifice for some common good, and they will tell you to go to hell. This frankness, of course, they very easily cast aside for ex pediency’s sake. Listen to young campaigners, in real or in campus politics, and you will hear nothing but junior versions of dirty politicos: promising, misrepresenting their identities, telling au diences of their altruism and selflessness — in short, lying. No, there are no longer any starry-eyed idealists among these youth leaders. There are only hardened schemers with feet of clay. And yet, these youths should have been the fair hopes of the fatherland, the promise of salvation. For when the men at the helm of government today will fade aivay, even as all men must, they will come to take their places. And. they will give all their youthful dreams and devotion and vigor to the service of the country. They will wash away the stains of dishonesty and opportunism that their predecessors, calloused by practical politics, had left upon the face of the nation. But will our youth leaders do this! Will they really revitalize the government! Will they really rid it of graft and corruption! The indications, as seen from the actuations of our youth leaders today, point to the contrary. They will carry on the same kind of dirty politics, the same kind of heartlessness and opportunism, the same kind of public-be-damned attitude, that their “models” are displaying now, and which they are learning with surprising facility. The difference between them and the old politicos they will succeed will only be that they will carry on the racket with the vigor and earnestness that the latter may have lost. The problem posed by our corrupt youth leaders may not be so ostensible as that posed by juvenile delinquents who maul each other in the streets, but it is actually a thousand times greater. For these youth leaders will, in due time, steer the Ship of State and will be in a position to wreck the whole nation. We cannot now present solutions to the problem in this editorial. That is beyond our scope. We are only voicing out a sentiment whose intenseness compels us to express it. We can only conclude with a sigh, May God deliver us all! M.S.Q. fF I WERE asked to describe as briefly and popularly as I could, what a University was, I should draw my answer from its an cient designation of a Stadium Generate, or “School of Universal Learning.” This description implies the assemblage of strangers from all parts in one spot;— from all parts, else, how will you find professors and students for every de partment of knowledge? and in one spot, else, how can there be any school at all? Accordingly, in its simple and rudimental form, it is a school of knowledge of every kind, consisting of teachers and learners from every quarter. Many things are requisite to complete and satisfy the idea embodied in this des cription; but such as this a University seems to be in its essence, a place for the communication and circulation of thought, by means of personal inter course, through a wide extent of country. There is nothing far-fetched or unrea sonable in the idea thus presented to us; and if this be a University, then a University does contemplate a necessity of our nature, and is but one specimen in a particular medium, out of which might be adduced in others, of a provi sion for that necessity. Mutual educa tion, in a large sense of the word, is one of the great and incessant occupa tions of human society, carried on part ly with set purpose, and partly not. One generation forms another; and the gation of all kinds of knowledge. Why, you will ask, need we go up to knowl edge, when knowledge comes down to us? The Sibyl wrote her prophecies upon the leaves of the forest, and wast ed them, but here such careless profu sion might be prudently indulged, for it can be afforded without loss, in conse quence of the almost fabulous fecun dity of the instrument which these lat ter ages have invented. We have ser mons in stones, and books in the running brooks; works larger and more compre hensive than those which have gained for ancients an immortality, issue forth every morning, and are projected on wards to the ends of the earth at the rate of hundreds of miles a day. Our seats are strewed, our pavements are powdered, with swarms of little tracts; and the very bricks of our city walls preach wisdom, by informing us by their placards where we can at once cheap ly purchase it. I allow all this, and much more; such certainly is our popular education, and its effects are remarkable. Neverthe less, after all, even in this age, when ever men are really serious about get ting what, in the language of trade is called “a good article,” when they aim at something precise, something re fined, something really luminous, some thing really large, something choice, they go to another market; they avail them selves, in some shape or other, of the WHAT IS A Ay JOHN HENRY existing generation is ever acting and reacting upon itself the persons of its individual members. Now, in this pro cess, books, I need scarcely say, that is, the litera scripta, are one special instru ment. It is true; and emphatically so in this age. Considering the prodigious powers of the press, and how they are developed at this time in the never-in termitting issue of periodicals, tracts, pamphlets, works in series, and light lit erature, we must allow there never was a time which promised fairer for dis pensing with every other means of in formation and instruction. What can we want more, you will say, for the in tellectual education of the whole man, and for every man, than so exuberant and diversified and persistent a promul rival method, the ancient method, of oral instruction, of present communica tion between man and man, of teach ers instead of learning, of the personal influence of a master, and the humble initiation of a disciple, and, in conse quence, of great centres of pilgrimage and throng, which such a method of edu cation necessarily involves. This, I think, will be found to hold good in all those departments or aspects of society, which possess an interest sufficient to bind men together, or to constitute what is called "a world.” It holds in the pol itical world, and in the high world, and in the religious world; and it holds also in the literary and scientific world. If the actions of men may be taken as any test of their convictions, then we Page 2 THE CAROLINIAN have reason for saying this, viz.:—that the province and the inestimable benefit of the litera scripta is that of being a record of truth, and an authority of ap peal, and an instrument of teaching in the hands of a teacher; but that, if we wish to become exact and fully furnish ed in any branch of knowledge which is diversified and complicated, we must consult the living man and listen to his living voice. I am not bound to inves tigate the cause of this, and anything I may say will, I am conscious, be short of its full analysis;—perhaps we may suggest, that no books can get through the number of minute questions which it is possible to ask on any extended subject, or can hit upon the very dif ficulties which are severally felt by each reader in succession. Or again, that no book can convey the special spirit and delicate peculiarities of its subject with that rapidity and certainty which attend on the sympathy of mind with mind, through the eyes, the look, the accent, the manner, in casual expressions thrown off at the moment, and the unstudied turns of familiar conversation. But I am already dwelling too long on what is but an incidental portion of my main subject. Whatever be the cause, the fact is undeniable. The general princi ples of any study you may learn by books at home; but the detail, the colour, the tone, the air, the life which makes it live in us, you must catch all these UNIVERSITY? CARDINAL NEWMAN from those in whom it lives already. You must imitate the student in French or German, who is not content with his grammar, but goes to Paris or Dresden: you must take example from the young artist, who aspires to visit the great Masters in Florence and in Rome. Till we have discovered some intellectual da guerreotype, which takes off the course of thought, and the form, lineaments, and features of truth, as completely and minutely, as the optical instrument re produces the sensible object, we must come to the teachers of wisdom to learn wisdom, we must repair to the foun tain and drink there. Portions of it may go from thence to the ends of the earth by means of books; but the ful ness is in one place alone. It is in such assemblages and congregations of intel lect that books themselves, the master pieces of human genius, are written, or at least originated. The principle on which I have been insisting is so obvious, and instances in point are so ready, that I should think it tiresome to proceed with the subject, except that one or two illustrations may serve to explain my own language about it, which may not have done justice to the doctrine which it has been intended to enforce. For instance, the polished manners and high-bred bearing which are so dif ficult of attainment, and so strictly per sonal when attained,—which are so much admired in society, from society arc ac quired. All that goes to constitute a gentleman,—the carriage, gait, address, gestures, voice; the ease, the self-pos session, the courtesy, the power of con versing, the talent of not offending; the lofty principle, the delicacy of thought, the happiness of expression, the taste and propriety, the generosity and for bearance, the candour and considera tion, the openness of hand;—these qual ities, some of them come by nature, some of them may be found in any rank, some of them are a direct pre cept of Christianity; but the full as semblage of them, bound up in the unity of an individual character, do we expect they can be learned from books? are they not necessarily acquired, where they arc to be found, in high society? The very nature of the case leads us to say so; you cannot fence without an antagonist, nor challenge all comers in disputation before you have supported a thesis; and in like manner, it stands to reason, you cannot learn to converse till you have the world to converse with; you cannot unlearn your natural bash fulness, or awkwardness, or stiffness, or other besetting deformity, till you serve your time in some school of manners. Well, and is it not so in matter of fact? The metropolis, the court, the great houses of the land, are the centres to which at stated times the country comes up, as to shrines of refinement and good taste; and then in due time the country goes back again home, enriched SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 3 with a portion of the social accomplish ments, which those very visits serve to call out and heighten in the gracious dispensers of them. We are unable to conceive how the “gentleman-like” can otherwise be maintained; and maintain ed in this way it is. And now a second instance: and here too I am going to speak without person al experience of the subject I am in troducing. I admit I have not been in Parliament, any more than I figured in the beau monde; yet I cannot but think that statesmanship, as well as . high breeding, is learned, not by books, but in certain centres of education. If it be not presumption to say so, Parliament puts a clever man au courant with pol itics and affairs of state in a way sur prising to himself. A member of the legislature, if tolerably observant, be gins to see things with new eyes, even though his views undergo no change. Words have a meaning now, and ideas a reality, such as they had not before. He hears a vast deal in public speeches and private conversation, which is never put into print. The bearings of meas ures and events, the actions of parties, and the persons of friends and enemies, are brought out to the man who is in the midst of them with a distinctness, which the most diligent perusal of news papers will fail to impart to them. It is access to the fountain-heads of pol itical wisdom and experience, it is daily intercourse, of one kind or another, with the multitude who go up to them, it is familiarity with business, it is ac cess to the contributions of fact and opinion thrown together by many wit nesses from many quarters, which docs this for him. However, I need not ac count for a fact, to which it is suffi cient to appeal: that the Houses of Par liament and the atmosphere around them are a sort of University of politics. As regards the world of science, we find a remarkable instance of the prin ciple which I am illustrating, in the periodical meetings for its advance, which have arisen in the course of the last twenty years, such as the British Association. Such gatherings would to many persons appear at first sight sim ply preposterous. Above all subjects of study, Science is conveyed, is propa gated, by books, or by private teach ing; experiments and investigations are conducted in silence; discoveries are made in solitude. What have philoso phers to do with festive celebrities, and panegyrical solemnities with mathema tical and physical truth? Yet on a closer attention to the subject, it is found that not even scientific thought can dispense with the suggestions, the instruction, the stimulus, the sympathy, the inter course with mankind on a large scale, which such meetings secure. A fine time of year is chosen, when days are long, skies are bright, the earth smiles, and all nature rejoices; a city or town is taken by turns, of ancient name or modern opulence, where buildings are spacious and hospitality hearty. The novelty of place and circumstance, the excitement of strange, or the refresh ment of well-known faces, the majesty of rank or genius, the amiable charities of men pleased both with themselves and with each other; the elevated spir its, the circulation of thought, the curios ity; the morning sections, the outdoor exercise, the well-furnished, well-earned board, the not ungraceful hilarity, the evening circle; the brilliant lecture, the discussions or collisions or guesses of great men one with another, the narra tives of scientific processes, of hopes, disappointments, conflicts, and successes, the splendid eulogistic orations; these and the like constituents of the annual celebration, are considered to do some thing real and substantial for the ad vance of knowledge which can be done in no other way. Of course they can but be occasional; they answer to the annual Act, or Commencement, or Com memoration of a University, not to its ordinary condition; but they are of a University nature; and I can well be lieve in their utility. They issue in the promotion of a certain living and, as it were, bodily communication of knowledge from one to another, of a general inter change of ideas, and a comparison and adjustment of science with science, of an enlargement of mind, intellectual and social, of an ardent love of the particu lar study, which may be chosen by each individual, and a noble devotion to its interests. Such meetings, I repeat, are but per iodical, and only partially represent the idea of a University. The bustle and whirl which are their usual concomit ants, are in ill keeping with the order and gravity of earnest intellectual edu cation. We desiderate means of instruc tion which involve no interruption of our ordinary habits; nor need we sepk it long, for the natural course of things brings it about, while we debate over it. In every great country, the metropolis itself becomes a sort of necessary Univ ersity, whether we will or no. As the chief city is the seat of the court, of high society, of politics, and of law, so as a matter of course is it the seat of letters also; and at this time, for a long term of years, London and Paris are in fact in operation Universities, though in Paris its famous University is no more, (Continued on page 10) Page 4 THE CAROLINIAN 9* Religious Instruction in the Philippines ABOUT the important task of re ligious principles in the life of a country, Washington, in his by JUL “harewell Address , says the following: ' youth will not be based upon the immut able and eternal truths of religion and morality. If God is taken out from the hearts and lives of the citizens then even the best provisions of the law will not save the present dangerous situation. VILLALUZ "Of all dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and Morality are indispensable sup ports. .. And whatever may be con ceded to the influence of refined edu cation on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious prin ciple." This is true because, as Washington continues, without “these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest props of the duties of Men and Citizens” there would be “no security for property, for reputation, for life...” Experience teaches us about the farreaching consequences of these state ments. And yet, what is the status of religious instruction in our country — in a predominantly Catholic country, at that? Over 3,000,000 Filipino children are attending elementary schools. But Section 928 of the Revised Administra tive Code allows only “to teach religion for one half hour three times a week... to those public school pupils whose par rents or guardians desire it...” Thus practically all Filipino children between 7 and 13 years of age are deprived of a thorough religious instruction, for in deed, nearly all elementary schools are government-controlled. True, religion is permitted to be taught; in practice, how ever, because of the lack of professional teachers of religion, only a very small portion of public elementary school child ren are reached. Teachers of religion are usually volunteer students of Cath olic colleges who, without remuneration, are engaged in this highly important task. Thus out of 3G weeks of the school year only 30 minutes three times a week are taken out for optional religious ins truction ! What do teachers do with the rest of the time? They discuss the wonderful things of God’s creation. They admire the order, plan, harmonies, sym metries, gradations and progressions of the natural world which was created by the good God. They search for laws and truths hidden in the marvelous world around them. They read the book of nature whose Author is God. In other words, whatever any curriculum any where discusses, it is effect of the First Cause. Now, is it not unscientific to speak about the effects and not to men tion or even to forbid to mention their Cause? Does not such a schooling create a certain vacuum in the minds and hearts of the youth? Does it not destroy the spiritual balance of the child? Does it not disorient the child’s conception of values? Does it not lead to pessimism?... The thirty minutes three times a week of optional instruction in religion are just a drop of water in the ocean of adverse influences our youth is exposed to. The daily press pounds day in day out upon the minds of the people. It brings daily pages of different crimes— murders, robberies, stabbings, fights, cheating, unfaithfulness, etc. etc. The radio, the cinema, the advertisements, the street life create an unhealthy at mosphere in which the child must live. Thus says Pius XI religion must be "in very truth the foundation and crown of the youth's entire training ... If this is wanting, if this sacred atmosphere does not pervade and warm the hearts of masters and scholars, little good can be expected from any kind of learning, and con siderable harm will often be the con sequence." More and more cries are being heard about juvenile delinquency, broken homes, social injustice, corruption in politics, etc. Pres. Quezon observed about the youths of his time: “Social decorum is fast becoming prostituted by a mis taken conception of so-called modernity.” And the social virtues will continue to vanish if the education of children and At the Classroom The high school youth receives a little better religious training as compared with the child in the elementary school. High schools in our country are mostly under Catholic tutelage. But even here let us not forget the words of Pope Pius XI that to make a school "a fit place for Catholic students... it is necessary that all the teaching and the whole organization of the school, and Its teachers, syllabus and textbooks in every branch, be regu lated by the Christian spirit... For the mere fact that the school gives some religious instruction (often ex tremely stinted) does not make such an institution truly Catholic.. Colleges in the Philippines are much better taken care of. Mention here will be made of some of the Catholic institu tions which are the envy of many a college student who cannot attend one of them. Four universities: the Pontifical University of Santo Tomas in Manila established in 1611, a quarter of a cen tury older than Harvard University; the venerable University of San Carlos founded in 1595 in Cebu City; University of San Agustin in Iloilo City; and Xavier University in Cagayan de Oro City are some of the best among the nation’s 23 universities. Then such names as Atenco de Manila, San Juan de Letran, De la Salle, San Bcda, Sta. Isabel, St. Scholastica, St. Theresa, Holy Ghost —all of Manila, are stand-outs in the (Continued on page 22) SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 5 Iterate The GOOD CATHOLIC TEACHER by THELMA M. MAYO BSE IV A Part of a Catholic Library. WE HAVE always taken pride in the distinction that ours is the only Catholic country in the Orient. We have cherished the privil ege of being called the diehard defend ers of the Catholic Faith in Asia, not only because of our superiority in num bers as compared to members of other religions, but also because our country was the first in this part of the world to embrace as a whole Christianity. To really live up to this distinction that other nations have given us, to be able to maintain this open tribute that other countries have held high for us, it is necessary that our youths who are “the fair hope of the fatherland” be given a truly Catholic education. A good Catholic education, however, can come only from good Catholic teachers, who, as Pope Pius XI has said, “are those with clear, professional Catholic con science, a soul burning with apostolic zeal, and an exact idea of doctrine, which must penetrate all their teach ing.” With this ecclesiastical pronounce ment as our main basis, let us make a clear dissertation of what a good Cath olic teacher is. First of all, a good Catholic teacher has foremost in her mind the intention to serve the noblest cause. She must possess the insatiable desire to serve God, her fellowmen, and her country. She must take joy in giving such ser vices with the thought of contributing her God-given talents to the propaga tion of her Faith as her compensation. She is the teacher of truth and virtue. She must “cherish a pure and holy love for the youths” who are under her guid ance and care. A good Catholic teacher understands the youths for what they are: the likenesses of God and the living temples of the Holy Spirit; she regards them as persons whose individualities are as distinct as their fingerprints, and with such awareness, gives each indi vidual student proper consideration and tries to reproduce in his soul the living image of Jesus Christ. Knowing that a child is in the delicate stage of physical and spiritual growth, she inspires him through her sound advice and good example and gives him hope, confidence and self-respect. Thus she becomes the children’s guardian angel on their way to heaven. Secondly, a good Catholic teacher real izes her enormous responsibility to so ciety in her duty of molding the moral character of the youth. In conjunction with this awareness of the importance of her task, she prepares herself tho roughly in the subject matter she teaches. She varies her teaching methods and aids with the aim of stimulating and challenging the students’ thinking pow er and for the purpose of meeting the needs of the individual pupil. She knows that the balanced diet a dietician pre pares for the dining table differs large ly from the intellectual fare which she has to offer her students. For a child, as a developing individual, improves his reasoning power as he grows with the years. Being aware that an intellectual diet must be changed every day, she gives interesting and challenging mo tivations in her daily classwork in such a manner that enthusiasm and sincer ity are manifested in her cheerful dis position. Her subject matter, methods, motivations and enthusiasm are per meated with Christian piety. Thirdly, a good Catholic teacher is a practical Catholic. She realizes that the measure of her own personal perfection depends upon her nearness to God. She is not only a preceptor but also an ex emplar of what she preaches. She knows that the principles she implants in the minds of the distinct personalities in her classroom are null if she does not practice them herself; she believes that the effectiveness of her teaching lies in making herself a good example to fol low and to emulate. Her “personal life, her hopes, beliefs and loves, her atti tudes toward God and fellowmen, to ward victories and defeats, toward joy and sufferings” are reflected in her teaching. Thus, she conducts herself in a manner beyond reproach with the firm consciousness that what she teaches can only be truly effective if she herself practices it in her everyday undertak ings. She uses, therefore, all available natural means but above all she draws upon the rich supernatural sources of grace which she and her pupils “can obtain abundantly from the floodtides of the sacraments and prayers.” (Pins XZf) Fourthly, conspicuous in a good Cath olic teacher is her humility and self sacrifice: humility, because of the lofti ness of her vocation; self-sacrifice, be cause of the example of Christ, the Teacher Himself. She must not be heard to complain of the late hours she must spend in preparing the next day’s les son, checking themes and examination papers, writing anecdotal records of stu dents with problems and in performing the many other tedious chores incident to the exercise of her profession. She must be apt to recognize her innate ta lents and to use them to the fullest ex tent and at the same time keen in con sidering her limitations. She must keep abreast of the progress of science, eco nomics and the arts. She must have within her reach materials for improv( Continued on page 22) Page 6 THE CAROLINIAN DURING the last few years the author of this paper was lecturing on “Professional Ethics for Teachers”. On several occasions, toward the end of the course, he asked his students to write, without giving their names, on what they thought they had profited from the course. Here are but a few statements the students made. One of them writes: “I know that teaching is the most dignified and the noblest profession, but before I took the course, I was told that teaching is the lowest among all the professions.” Another student expresses similar ideas in the following words: “I had lit tle regard for teaching. In fact, I must confess that I was even ashamed to be come a teacher some day. I don’t really know why I thought that way. But it must have been caused by the talks go ing around of what teaching is. Yet, now I know that all the ugly words I heard concerning teaching are trash, coming from people who talked about things they were ignorant of.” Still another student expresses her joy and satisfaction that, although she was for several years in service, "it is only now that I realize and understand the 9* dignity of the teaching profession.” Thus think some of the student-teach ers about teaching. These are the more active ones. Others swallow “ugly words” concerning teaching; they feel hurt but go on. Still others have no ideas of their own. They cannot enjoy teaching. What do renowned educators and statesmen think about us, teachers, and about the teachers’ work? TEACHING: Zhe Noblest Profession? The teacher's far-reaching influence. "Teaching is the most honorable occupation in which one can engage. It is the most self-respecting business on earth. In it... the teacher is justifying his existence among men; he is doing his bit for the State, and he is serving the Lord. No profession offers such constant inducement to be honest, truth ful, and intelligent. The teacher has the most admirable of all opportunities for the development of higher character. The teacher's influence I reckon to be the most far-reaching of all." (Dr. Frank Crane) The teacher's lasting influence. "If we work upon marble, it will perish; upon brass, time will efface it; but if we work upon immortal souls, if we imbue them with principles, with the just fear of God and love of our fellowmen, we engrave on those tablets something which will brighten to all eternity." (Daniel Webster) The teacher's most valuable object. "The teacher is working with the child, who Is at once the most complex, the most plastic, the most beautiful, the most wonderful of all God’s creation. It is a wonderful thing to be a teacher; it is a great thing to teach school." (Frank IF. Simonds) The teacher's patriotism. "The teachers make the whole world their debtor; of them can be said as it can be said of no other profession save the profession of the ministers of the Gospel themselves, if they did not do their work well, this Republic would not outlast the span of a generation." (Theodore Roosevelt) An Adult Education Class. by A. B. There is no work in which men and women engage which more directly and fundamentally serves society and the State. Teaching is the biggest and the best profession in the State because it creates and moulds the nation's citizenship. It is the very foundation and mainstay of the national life." (John Dixon) The teacher and the world civilization. "I say that a teacher is the greatest man in the world, and I say so advisedly. Whoever is a teacher is doing greater work than the statesman or the soldier. Teachers make the world go on and grow better and better. All that there is in civilization, the world owes to its teachers.' * (.4 Governor) The teacher's earthly reward. “For twenty-five years I have been giving light to the blind; I have given understanding to some thousands of boys. My boys have learned the history of mankind so that the world is again their possession. I have taught languages to make the past live in their minds and to be windows upon the souls of alien people. I have had dull boys and intractable boys, but nearly all have gone into the world gentlemen, broad-minded, good-mannered, and understanding, and unselfish, masters of self, servants of men, because the whole scheme of their education has been to release them from base and narrow things.” (//. G. Wells) "Because I was amazed to see many young men, of no settled religious convictions, leading decent—yes, noble—lives in the midst of grievous temptations, I was moved to make a quiet in vestigation of the reason for this. Every time I found that a woman was at the bottom of it. And in many cases, when that woman was not the mother, she was a teacher. Is it not the better part of our reward to make impressions on souls like that—even, in a lifetime, on one soul like that?" (.in Army Chaplain daring World H’ar I) The teacher—God's helper. "The true teacher is, and may well be, proud of the title, for his work is akin io that of the Master Builder, the creation of a temple not make with hands." (John Dixon) "There is no painter, there is no sculptor nor artist that can be compared to the man who knows how to form the minds and hearts of the young. This is a work far surpassing the finest creations of human art to reproduce in souls the living image of Jesus Christ." ( .S’t. John Chrysostom) Teachers remember! "Here Is your material to work with. Each and everyone of these children is a prospective citizen of heaven, and It is (Continued on page 22) SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 7 ^Cite’ia’iy ^featutes THERE were three judges. Jack Ye men Bryan of the American Em bassy had very little praise for it. But cried Locsin with his usual litera ry flamboyance: It is a cry of ecstasy, a shriek of pain, a sigh of peace. It is written with great brilliance, done with masterly craftsmanship, said Villa. And he of the intense piercing eyes, full expressive mouth, he who was voted six years later the most outstanding young man in Philippine literature — Nick Joaquin—won the first prize in the Free Press Short Story Contest for 1949. The story was Guardia de Honor. Never perhaps was a short story more deserving of a prize, never perhaps will another be. Joaquin has written a mas terpiece that can hardly be equalled, and as the perusal of his volume Prose and Poems proves, not even by the au thor himself perhaps. It was said of Thomas Wolfe that his was a fierce energy that could not be beaten into form—but it can be said of Joaquin that he has both the fierceness and the form. Reading and rereading the story, one gets the unmistakable impression that he is in the presence of a structure that has in the words of Locsin “the very fury of creation — attended by perfect control.” The architectural unity of the different parts, all the more remarkable because they are divergent, reminds one of a Gothic monument built in match less symmetry. The unique fusion of the past, the present and the future through the mirror device captures, as it were, the timeless dimensions of eter nity and focuses to a sharper perspec tive the puny aspirations and the ap parently insignificant despairs of men. The two plots or the two generations, though years apart, meet through a thin thread of illusion (is life not one?) each independent yet complementing one another running like themes in a sonata point-counterpoint yet meeting at the end in a splendid burst of harmony. The past is fused with the present (Na talia meeting Josie), the present is fus ed with the future (Josie seeing through the mirror the forecast of what is to come) and the past in the end “closes the ring and completes the cir cle.” (Natalia married to Andong) Artificial, unrealistic, so would cry many a critic. But is art not a synthe sis of life’s shifting kaleidoscope, a scheme of the ideal transcending the real? Perhaps, were it not for the theme of the story which plays on man’s primal emotions and dark instinctive drives, one might well be tempted to think of a prim well-kept classical garden to which naturally a wild forest park would be preferred. But it is the con tent that gives the story a kind of fierce ness and rugged power and, hence, a shade of elemental grandeur. Be all these as they may, the author is however more interested, as far as this study is concerned, in Joaquin’s handling of a difficult theme—the eter nal problem of evil and human respon sibility. NICK JOAQUIN’S There is a very striking passage in the story, which I believe strikes the keynote of the narrative. The mother says to her erring daughter: I would prefer you to sin, being free, than not to sin because I had tied your hands. Hers might just as well have been the voice of God speaking through the ages who though knowing that human freedom could be abused nevertheless kept it free and always the object of divine respect. “God made man from the beginning and left him in the hand of his own counsel,” so Ecclesiastes writes. "Before man is life and death, whatever he shall please shall be given him.” In this respect Joaquin’s attempt at reconciling evil and human freedom with divine Providence is in perfect consonance with reason—and revelation. For implicitly Providence is in no way inconsistent with the evils born of hu man freedom. Aquinas, with whom I believe Joaquin is well acquainted, gives a parallel exposition of the same prob lem in his Contra Gentiles, de Creaturis. He writes: "An element of perfection is more worthy of being preserved by Provi dence than an element of imperfection; but freedom of the will is a perfection and acting through necessity is an im perfection. Therefore, Providence is more concerned to preserve the liberty of the will than to establish necessity over all active efficient causes. Further, if free will were taken away many good things would be withdrawn. The praise of human virtue is nullified when good is not done freely; and justice would be a mockery.” Joaquin captures this very spirit of Aquinas and like faint echoes of the Angelic Doctor the following words are put by him into the mouth of the mother as she continues talking to her erring daughter: “What makes the life of a Christian so hard is that he must choose at every step, he must choose, choose, choose, at every moment; for good and evil have such confusing faces — evil may look good, good may look evil—until the most sincere Christian may be deceived, un less he chooses. But that is one of his greatest glories too — that he chooses and he knows he can choose. I placed those emeralds in your hands knowing the crucial temptations that afflict you, because I wanted you to be free to choose and thus show how deeply I still trust you.” Because he sounded the profound depths of Catholic principles in his creative writing, it is no wonder that Joaquin is described by some critics as the most Catholic of Filipino writers, one whose faith is the underlying mov ing principle of his art. It must be kept in mind here, how ever, that I do not mean that Joaquin intended in any way to deliver a ser mon in writing the Guardia de Honor, nor did he intend to array his artistic powers in defense of a definite set of values. That would be prostitution. He Page 8 THE CAROLINIAN JCiteteVuj Seatutes merely incorporated into his art the timeless facts of human emotions in timately related to the conduct of life, facts which are definitely of higher rank than those which are not. Literature must not necessarily be di dactic; it should be merely ethical. For if it does not move our sympathy with the deepest things of life or if it does not make us cognizant of the eternal truths, then it is not great literature. Joaquin stands squarely before life, before the fact of good and evil, time and eternity, freedom and fate, and his artistic vision undimmed by the confu sion around him is keenly aware of the unchanging truths underlyng them. Jack Bryan wrote that the “treat ment of Guardia de Honor borders upon a merely commonplace awe at the mysterious workings of fate.” Did he actually understand the story? What is fate? A determining principle by which things are to come to be as they are or events to come to happen as they do, so it is defined. It is in short a prin ciple of necessity inherent in the nature of things to which men are subject. Hardia de Jdonor -A STUDY Is there at all a vindication of such an idea in Guardia de Honor? Is there really in the story a blind awe at the mysterious workings of fate in the lives of men like the awe perhaps a man of the street feels as he beholds the interplay of lightning and thunder awesome because unintelligible, fearful because uncontrollable? A closer analysis would prove that the author does not believe in fate at all. Much less does he dramatize its inexorability, as Locsin wants us to think Joaquin does. If indeed Joaquin believes in inexorable fate and at the same time stands on the principle of human freedom, he obviously involves himself in a contradiction. If he talks of fate, it is not because he thinks there is one but because we think there is one. What is to happen, no doubt will, as sure as the sun will rise tomor row, happen. In much the same way as a dot cannot be erased from the scroll of the past, can a dot be erased from the scroll of the future? But this does not in any way imply that fore knowledge is a determining element in human action. For if things happen or will happen, it is not because they have to happen but because we make them happen. And this is the underlying thought of Joaquin’s Guardia de Honor. To illustrate. Natalia of the first generation fore sees through the mirror that Esteban the man she does not love would die in the carriage accident. Frantically she goes down to meet Mario the man she really loves to tell him that she would ride with him instead. But they quar rel and Natalia blinded by unreasonable anger stumps out of the room and rides instead with Esteban. The carriage races through the cobbled streets. Mario in another carriage follows in hot pur suit. Natalia’s carriage is flung against the wall and Esteban is killed. With fire and spirit Natalia had struggled against what she thought was to happen. But her final decision to ride with Esteban was precipitated by a quarrel she could have prevented, had she been more patient and by an anger she could have controlled, had she tried enough. Josie of the second generation fore sees the future too. Then at the thres hold of the crisis forecast by the mirror she cries out with empty bravado: I can! I will! Face to face with the crisis, she sinks down and whimpers: Oh, it’s no use—no use at all! It just happens! It is happening right now! Hers is a surrender—utter surrender and at a moment when a struggle is most needed. And it brings on the ca tastrophe. The first generation was destroyed by excess of passion; the second, by a lack of it. Obviously fate docs not fit into the picture at all, as Joaquin really intendby D. M. MAGLALANG cd it should not. If there is such a thing as fate, it is not in the stars, Joaquin seems to imply, nor in any in herent principle of necessity. It is in each one of us. Incidentally, the foregoing analysis brings us to another point in our study of Guardia de Honor: Joaquin’s peren nial obsession with the past. In this story as in all his other stories and, too, in his only drama: The Por trait, he persistently and resolutely turns his face to the past and at the same time points an accusing finger at the moral decadence of the present. Natalia stands for the old order; Josie stands for the new. In the form er’s strength and passion is typified the strength and the passion of the past, the very things that make life what it should be, says Joaquin: a bril liant panorama of men living and dying like gods. In Josie is the fatalism of the pres ent, a defeatist attitude in the face of suffering, there is no turning back now and no use struggling, she cries, the pressure is terrific. When was life a question of one’s wanting and not want ing? Life is just one pressure after another. Whatever one does one was always bound to do, like it or not! Luxury, comfort, security have made this age a spineless age, Joaquin seems to say. Again the past, in the person of Na talia, saw below the surface the deeper realities of life. The giving of the eme rald earrings “was more than a lend ing; it was an entrusting.” They were a symbol, an emblem, a trophy of bat tle, a fact Josie refused to face. I ac cept only their market value. I will squeeze you and wring you out of them and everything else they mean, she says to Natalia. Nothing must be left ex cept their price tag. It is quite evident that Joaquin in tended Josie to stand as an indictment of today’s materialism, the kind that destroys every thing in its wake, trans forming past glories into mere dreams, he says somewhere in his play, presaging the return of the jungle—the modern jungle, the slum jungle — demolishing man’s moments of history and devour ing his monuments. Indeed Joaquin’s sense of the past brings the past alive again to remind us of what we have lost and what we must therefore retrieve. A romanticist, he bids us go back to the age of the lamplight and the gas light, of harps and whiskers and car riages, the age of manners and melo drama, of Religion and Revolution, when men were valiant warriors who could be scarred but not conquered, and from whom the fates could win noth ing save earrings. The present generation is flying fur ther and further from what it should possess, but perhaps there is still hope somewhere. Is the “unhurrying chase” not relentless? With this hope lipped by Andong, Joaquin ends the story of Guardia de Honor and with its restatement, I also end this study: “God is a cunning hunter!” jf SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 9 What is a University? (Continued from paye 4) and in London a University scarcely exists except as a board of administra tion. The newspapers, magazines, re views, journals, and periodicals of all kinds, the publishing trade, the libra ries, museums, and academies there found, the learned and scientific socie ties, necessarily invest it with the func tions of a University; and that atmos phere of intellect, which in a former age hung over Oxford or Bologna or Salamanca, has, with the change of times, moved away to the centre of civil government. Thither come up youths from all parts of the country, the students of law, medicine, and fine arts, and employes and attaches of literature. There they live, as chance determines; and they are satisfied with their temporary home, for they find in it all that was promised to them there. They have not come in vain, as far as their own object in coming is concerned. They have not learned any particular religion, but they have learned their own particular profession well. They have, moreover, become acquainted with the habits, manners, and opinions of their place of sojourn, and done their part in maintaining the tradition of them. We cannot then be without vir tual Universities; a metropolis is such: the simple question is, whether the edu cation sought and given should be based on principle, formed upon rule, directed to the highest ends, or left to the ran dom succession of masters and schools, one after another, with a melancholy waste of thought and an extreme ha zard of truth. Religious teaching itself affords us an illustration of our subject to a cer tain point. It does not indeed seat it self merely in centres of the world; this is impossible from the nature of the case. It is intended for many, not the few; its subject matter is truth neces sary for us, not truth recondite and rare; but it concurs in the principle of a University so far as this, that its great instrument, or rather organ, has ever been that which nature prescribes in all education, the personal presence of a teacher, or, in theological language, Oral Tradition. It is the living voice, the breathing form, the expressive coun tenance, which preaches, which cate chises. Truth, a subtle, invisible mani fold spirit, is poured into the mind of the scholar by his eyes and ears, through his affections, imagination and reason; it is poured into his mind and is sealed up there in perpetuity, by propounding and repeating it, by questioning and re questioning, by correcting and explain ing, by progressing and then recurring to first principles, by all those ways which are implied in the word “catechis ing.” In the first ages, it was work of (Continued on page 25) I » ! jCite’ia’iy St'eafu’ies * J * * ♦ * ♦ » * * * ♦ » * IMPRESSIONS ON ins . by MARIA ELENA RUIZ HOPKINS has been accused, time and again, because of his Cath olic faith, of voicing the sentiment of the Church. He has been dubbed “a Catholic poet”, just as Graham Greene has been called “a Catholic novelist”; and many of his critics who did not share his belief took up arms against him for this reason alone. Perhaps they would not admit it openly, for critics are a proud people and they themselves shun the idea of being criticized like plague—specially for a gross error in their inferences. Nevertheless, they committed this short-sightedness, even considering that it was done unconsci ously. Hopkins’ religion does not make him more or less of a poet. The measure of a poet is his poetry. To be fair to Hopkins we should affirm, like what a critic has said of Graham Greene, that his religion is not only a creed but also a way of life. Hopkins believed that purely artistic judgment can be imposed on poetry, that literary work can be considered for its art value alone. This, however, does not make him a disciple of the art-forart’s-sake theory. He was very far away from it, for he considered purely artistic judgment inadequate when there is no moral effect, and that a work of art is also to educate and to be “stand ard”. “It is by being known it works, it influences, it does its duty, it does good." Since a work of art is also to educate the public and “contribute to the glory of the State and the Church,” it must naturally have an audience. To have an audience is what all poets ask for. The audience is essential to the art-world—and to the development of a poet. Hopkins thought very highly of poet ry. He knew its potentialities and its functions. Poetry, he said, must be of the highest quality. The form in poetry must be fully developed and exploited. There must be masterly execution to guarantee great poetry. The idea may be a great matter of poetry, but to make it lasting there must be full knowl edge of the technique of the art. Only great ideas together with the most skillful execution produce great poetry: this is the blending of the form with the meaning. Everything must be realized and the possibilities of form fully exploited. However, as Hopkins believed, a demand for absolute perfection is absurd, for perfection in a work of art can never be achieved but can only be approached. Truth can only be suggested, not stated nor proven. Hopkins was very much influenced by Scotus, the great medieval thinker. Scotus believed that each individual has a distinctive “form”: a haecceitas, or thisness, as well as a generic quidditas, or whatness. It was from Scotus that Hopkins got his "inscape”. Every work of art has its own “inscape”, or its own individuality and uniqueness. The work ing together of all the parts in a poem —the diction, the stanza, the meter, the sounds of the words, etc.—make up the “inscape". It is this unity in a poem that makes up the wholeness, and this wholeness makes the poem exist as it can exist in no other way. Because every poem has its own “inscape”, and the characteristic of “inscape” is uni queness, some poems are very obscure and very difficult to understand. Im mediate clarity cannot be achieved at once. But Hopkins, despite this, never believed in sacrificing the "inscape” for intelligibility. To quote Louis Untermeyer speaking of Hopkins: “Behind the tortured construction and heaped-up epithets there is magnificence. In spite of the verbal excesses and idiomatic od dities, there is an originality of vision which is nothing less than startling.” The oddities in a poem may make the poem unintelligible and ungraspable at once, but they do not lacerate and de stroy it. Instead by its own unique ness and oddness it has an originality, a particular perspective, which can ex ist in no other way except by being unique. Since a work of art with emphasis on form cannot achieve immediate clarity, only the comprehension of the total idea and rhythmic pattern, the total sound pattern, rhyme, assonance, alliteration, i.e., the grasping of the work of art in its totality, grasped not gradually as part by part but in its wholeness, can make the poem clear. Hopkins believed in the existence and reality of "explo sive” poetry. The quality of “explosive” poetry is an exact combination of sound and meaning. In Hopkins’ poetry there arc series of musical dissonances. He worked out a scheme of prosody. He is considered an innovator in poetic structure. His poems are sometimes very obscure. But behind this obscurity and series of mu sical dissonances and scheme of proso dy in his poetry is the marked consci ousness of a very meticulous artist who saw that in a work of art there is a plan and an execution which must fit into the whole work of art. ft Page 10 THE CAROLINIAN POEMS by GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS Heaven-Haven A nun takes the veil I HAVE desired to go Where springs not fail, To fields where flies no sharp and sided hail And a few lilies blow. And I have asked to be Where no storms come, Where the green swell is in the havens dumb, And out of the swing of the sea. Spring and Fall to a young child MARGARET, are you grieving Over Goldengrove unleaving? Leaves, like the things of man, you With your fresh thoughts care for, can you? Ah! as the heart grows older It will come to such sights colder By and by, nor spare a sigh Though worlds of wanwood leafmeal lie; And yet you will weep and knoiv xvhy. Now no matter, child, the name: Sorrow’s springs are the same. Nor mouth had, no nor mind, expressed What heart heard of, ghost guessed; It is the blight man was born for, It is Margaret you mourn for. Peace When will you ever, Peace, wild tvooddove, shy ivings shut, Your round me roaming end, and under be my boughs? When, when Peace, will you, Peace? I’ll not play hypocrite To own my heart; I yield you do come sometimes; but That piecemeal peace is poor peace. What pure peace allows Alarms of wars, the daunting wars, the death of it? 0 surely, reaving Peace, my Lord should leave in lieu Some good! And so he does leave Patience exquisite, That plumes to Peace thereafter. And when Peace here does house He comes with work to do, he does not come to coo, He comes to brood and sit. ^41 CODE 1. love is a rainbow love is a rainbow arching the firmament of the heart and this is the meaning of tears: if there must be a rainbow there must be a curtain of rain with sun shining through. 2. love is a red rose i saw you once a red rose in your hair and my heart wondered whether love is born in every red-rosed moment. UJT-tETl when i can think of yesterday without whispering your name when i can see a crowd without searching for your face when i can hear music tvithoul reaching for your hand when i can walk alone without longing for you then i shall have forgotten you but then i shall be without a heart, without a memory, without life. a roEcn EO<R OCCO'BET. when the last centimeter of beige September, shall have been consumed, shall have been woven into a robe clothing an aching flesh sunburnt by a merciless sun October will come rainbows will arch the skies bowing a prelude to the rain. the grasses will grow and wave their blades defiant to the skies. the pools will fill again and frogs will once more sing their stereotyped staccato thanking their gods for an answered prayer, but no, not i — the raylings of a star ricocheting from the puddles blind my eyes though rains will come to hide the merciless sun and ease sunburnt flesh the same will wash away my castles of sand erected on rocks of river banks while my cerebrum vainly tries to grasp the meaning of the overtures of rains, the prelude of rainbows and grasses growing blades. Page 11 SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 ‘Poetry > MEMO 1. A FEELING OF WHITE Roque was a machine-gunner, the best; he received medals. Upon learning that he had steady fingers, the captain sent for him; later, the former discovered that the latter had a weak stomach. He could not stand the sight of blood, of bones broken, of helpless men carried on stretchers. When the captain would say "Fire," Roque would faller, so that the former had to slap the latter's shoulder. Roque grasped his Baby. Baby was a misnomer. The right term was Devil. What a noi. could ma And while his captain was murmuring J “Hood, G he watched his victims fall down. He [hoti^hl of their sweethearts—they'd never m their mothers who bore the pains o\J&tli; of fathers; their wives; their lilt vdfl ones, all asking aloud ivhy he did it. He never had an ansi To say he had to was unreasonable. He knew. To know was easy; one had only to be in their pla So when nobody was looking at him, he cried. Roque has promised not to touch a machine-gun a even if a Napoleon should blow out his brain. s report? tobody could be more serious than I. , Rudy said to the waitress. Hello, Frankie! there were hailing 2. FIRST ZERO-AIRPLANE ZOOMED We were then gathering firewood by the river ban when suddenly the first zero-airplane zoomed and bombed the sugar central nearby. C.haos followed. Parents were calling their children, and running here and there in search for shelter. LeTs go to Mandi Anas' concrete staircase, it's safer there!" One did not lose his mind. The old women began praying the rosary, while we, boys, surmised how destroyed the sugar mill must have been. When the airplanes had gone away, tve went home to eat dinner. The food seemed to without grace, spiced and flavored thought it However, at the table we all gay. That night, the you men gathered aroundJoan the moonlight, each one bragging that he was not afraid of the war, and that he was going to be in it. he has lost tra Qjuunne, (Zatuiiated. 3. AN UNIDENTIFIED IMPRESSION TO AN UNKNOWN Here was the auditorium. And there, the Ferris wheel; the cirn^unid the fruit vendors. I haven't forgotten yet thos\dnelong glances, and the nice words I would have s^^en to her. 1 watched her get inside the car, and ef^t followed it along the street blocked up by Ijfhday-celebrants. Then, the car gained speed, and hed in the distance. In the moonlight, as well he sunshine, I still go keep those moments alive remembering. EARTBURNING and the lover faced each other he jukebox nigh, Frank Sinatra was girl named Laura, and her only being d your letter, the lover said. You kid culous. Have you written your Md^fig asked. When is the deadline? saiff: I'm not joking. Pm sorry. Things go. But, I love you, the lover said, realize how much I adore you. other. It's not reasonable, the loved said. When a thing dies—. You see, when a thing dies, it ceases to live. I mean. O Pm sorry, I'm sorry. Don't kill yourself, the lover said. I understand: what is no longer mine, an't be mine! It's funny, isn't it? He chuckled ped his fingers on the table and walked out. road, he kicked an empty can of milk; it went, tg, clattering. TIMENTALISM: THE QUALITY OF 0 TENDER f Time. All is, for him, a fixed single occasion. And growth is stayed. And there is an immobility, that which we often see Only the old men remembered the harvest which was, at that very time, arriving. in canvases of birds flying. And he is still there, asking her; the answer is: No. Page 12 THE CAROLINIAN To.... by D. M. drain the seas beloved drop by drop of their gleaming waters and strip all the skies of their countless stars and when you do then i will wait no longer, ah time is but a plaything we can toss away the days and the minutes to yesterday's winds but isn't there a tomorrow? tomorrow will always be the now is ever now and my waiting shall fly on their unmoving wings can you ask for more? but the seas shall never dry so shall my voice ride on their waves singing with the waves the song of the endless wait nor the skies be ever dim so shall I cling to the light of their stars tasting of their fire warming ever the cold of the endless wait! An After-Song by R. M. ACAPULCO Summer past And soon the rains will come. Fruits I can no longer gather, For birds I can no longer hunt. I still remember: the hut aslant, The guitar and country songs, The stream and seldom trodden lanes, And the peace. Summer is past And soon the rains will come. To Love You by WILLIAM GONZALES I love you, I love you because you are my Reason. Yet I do not love you enough because I am me and you are you and I am not you and you are not me. But when I will be no more, and you will be no more; and the million me and the million you become only us, then I will have loved you enough. Tell Me by RENATO M. RANCES In this hour I wonder why I still can see you with the moon; Why I still suffer the pinch Of one dead moment. That was long ago, but ah You still exist amidst The whiz and crash and sssh of time. Wounded desire. Interrupted by A. R. M. Blame me for having said What is to be said as much as I blame myself for having seen What is there to see. Hate me for confessing what is true As much as I hate myself For telling it to you. If the stars are not with us Forgive me, Melvita And forget......... A Stanza by DEMOCRITO BRIONES, JR. With a handful of sand in the hollow Of my hand, with frantic trumpet tones And smell of ashes in the air, I beg the memories to live again And let me die with them. SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 13 S/ioni Stonies COMMA I TOLD the invisible/ellow to cease following me, he didn’t, now I lgt-J^y hail’ down. He would be an idiot if he’d permit me to touch him. I’d choke him to death. No, he couldn’t be shapeless or bodi less; he couldn’t be a mere sound. The earth’s full of secrets and mysteries; he must be one of the hid den and enigmatic ones. He stopped at the door and when I turned around, I still saw nothing except the moving shadow oi W pencmium of the big clock en cased in glass and pla&tic. His Find me Find me Find me were pistons pain fully punching my consciousness. It seemed that I couldn’t concentrate my mind anymore on my work. Yesterday, I signed a piece of paper and the next thing I knew, I had let go P500 for a simple thank you. I scolded my secretary and spat invectives to the winds. Through the window, I watch angrily the two women in black clothes and white wide caps walk along the pavement slowly but lightly as if they had won something or cheated somebody. Darling, you’re late, I heard someone say when I entered the office. I thought it was the invisible fel low again, but when I sat down I detected that it was a feminine voice; and I saw her on the lounge scan ning an art magazine. You’re early, I said. Darling... Switch on the air-conditioner. Darling... What’s the matter with you? Kiss me. No moon above us. This is my office. Don’t for get that. Switch on the air-conditioner. In my hands I held success and even some men’s future. I had only to press a button and I could have whatever I desired; a drink, record books and reports, or the presence of someone whom I could talk to or shout at. And even this girl who called me Darling, because we were sweethearts and were supposed to be married soon, I knew, was in my power. I could brush her aside anytime I liked to and forget her altogether. There were many others who wanted very much to take her place. I made a god of myself, and I was glad to discover that some people were crawling on the ground, 1 stood for mercy. I lifted my face and said, Can’t you stop pestering me, wise men? I’ve given you enough, and you cry for more. You talk of profit and labor as if you knew more than I know. Return to your business, and keep quiet and wait for what you deserve: it shall be given you. I didn’t even glance at them when they went out of my office. Let them strike and starve. She lighted a cigarette and handed it to me. I received it, and she lighted another one for herself. ★ ★ ★ Qunne (2anHuth&i Jr ★ She said, I’ve finished reading Home & The Family by Rev................ Very good, very good, I interrupted her. I’m busy. You’re sulky, darling. You can describe me as a monster. Darling, I’ve been observing you all these days. You’re putting a fence between us. If you don’t love me anymore, for goodness’ sake, tell me. Darling. Your imagination is wild; be a short story writer. If you really love me—. You doubt it, darling... Then you sit there till I’m through with all these papers. Okay, though it’s aching not to be spoken to. Not to be spoken to Not to be spoken to I was im poverished totally crushed and myself was naked to the gnawing teeth of hunger Not to be spoken to I knock ed at doors of houses where I opined I would be wel come and came out of doors in search for people who could give me a piece of mind people that suddenly would not be there or a while ago had gone to some places no one could surely tell me where In those nights I lay on bed with hunger and strong aversion and loathing and despair Then I stood up and started my fight And now that I emerged with pearls in my hands many ran to my sides Ha I had been hungry for years Try to be hungry too Try I’m looking I hadn’t the time to look carefully at myself before Re commendations Applications I’d make public through the Ads if there’s a vacancy Where’s that waste-basket. Page 14 THE CAROLINIAN Where’s the waste-basket? I said. There, she said, and crossed her beautiful legs. The secretary opened the door and walked in (her shoes barely created any noise on the floor) and softly informed me that the Chief Hired-Hand wanted to see me. I rubbed the back of my palm against my nose and commanded her to send him away, but she said that he had pleaded. I sighed heavily and ges tured to let him in. The telephone rang when he show ed himself; I picked up the receiver and had a conver sation with the woman on the telephone. Afterwards, I banged it down and faced him with impatience. His hands were trembling. He was tongue-tied. This was what I hated most; I valued my seconds. They made you come here? I asked. Yes, sir, he said. We believe you’ll give it further consideration if you know all the facts, sir. What do you mean know all the facts? Our financial condition, sir. You live near the slum, don’t you? ★ ★ In those nights I lay o strong aversion and ★ ★ ★ Yes, sir. I live there, sir. Do all your neighbors have jobs? Do they always eat the usual meals? regularly? Do they earn as much as you do? Don’t I pay you the minimum wage? Don’t I give you privileges? Think it over! Now, don’t waste my time. He was silent for a long moment; his eyes were waterly and blinking rapidly. Then, he apologized. Bravo! You broke him to pieces, she uttered and stood up. Darling, I feel very ugly inside. I fell very ugly inside. You make me sick. What happened to you ? I said. If you can’t grant them their wish; if you can’t raise their salary—give them understanding. Darling, come down from your ivory tower. I warn you. Don’t interfere—. All right. I’m not needed here. I’ll never see you again. Never. I’ll never come back to you, you hear? I feel very ugly inside. You make me sick. She went away hurriedly, crying. She really loved me, that girl. She was only foreswearing, I know. But. Something like smoke of dearest cigars enwrapped me, and I was little by little weakened. The minutes were marching soldiers passing through the room. I was the last one to leave the big, tall building that was my empire. The invisible fellow hailed me, and I offered him the same hostility. I got in my car and gunned the motor. Somehow, I could sense his presence; probably, he sat beside me—exactly where, I didn’t know, for he was smart; he could throw his voice here and there. I drove straight, and I wondered why I did so. I Wk wanted to go home; I would have split-arced to the right. Was I perhaps under hypnotic spell? Where was this stranger taking me? I was terrified. Take it easy, partner, the invisible fellow said. We might hit some electric post. Appear, appear, I said. Find me. Find me. You’re crazy. Bothei- me no more. You require me. What? How could it be? I don’t know who you are; I haven’t seen you either! We are familiar with each other. Isn’t it possible for one to require something he doesn’t see perfectly? I’ve no taste for arguments. Say, why should I require you? ★ ★ ★ n bed with hunger and loathing and despair. ★ ★ You miss me. Funny. Very funny. Ring-around-a-rosey! Ringaround-a-rosey! We were now in the country. There were many children on the street and I had to slacken speed. I parked the car beside a bantam restaurant, and got out. Your car, partner, the invisible fellow said. I studied my car, and I saw what he was pointing out. It was very dusty. Hell, I didn’t mind it. I eased into the restaurant and ordered one whole fried chick en and beer. As usual, the invisible fellow remained outside. There was a wealthy-looking man inside; he was wearing a light green Hawaiian shirt. He talked live ly with the bartender; he was always smiling. The trip back was leisurely, and somehow I didn’t feel disturbed or offended by the invisible fellow. He was more talkative and I listened to him as attentive ly as a curious child. He spoke of the pursuit of rich ness, and automobiles and dust, of hard thick glass walls, of the urgency for destruction and nostalgia for smiles. I kept silent; my hands were glowing red. It was already 9:00 P.M. when we arrived in the city. The gate was locked, and my building loomed in the dark. I picked up a stone and hurled it at the glass wall. There was a violent clatter. What about that? I said. Excellent, excellent, the invisible fellow said. At last, you’ve found me. «» — The End — SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 15 S/irtt Siwes (REMEMBER. When I saw the dead body of Miguel, bent, bloody, and mangled, lying in the dirt on the asphalted Misericordia Street not far from his house, where he came out running and fell in the evening under the moonlight, I said to myself in a dry whisper: “This is a useless thing...” and to Miguel: “You really didn’t have to do this...” Yes, I remember that now, when September appears dry and old and dull before my eyes, with the warm wind blowing the arid dust from the roofs and Misericordia Street almost bare. A few days before he killed him self, Miguel asked me to go to his house, if I could. I went to his place at night. I was renting an apartment room on Misericordia Street, just a few steps from his house. I knew he was a lonely man; his wife he said had deserted him for a very odd reason; he would like to have somebody to talk with: he smiled wearily and asked me, with a coy invitation in his eyes. I said yes. Yes, I was lonely, too. “I thought you would not come',” he said when he opened the door and saw me, “Please come in.” Again he managed to smile, to show humor on his saturnine face, angular and brown complexioned. “I seldom break my promise,” I answered pertly, “Not if I can help it.” We sat in the rattan chairs in the reception room of the house, facing each other across a squat table with a decorative glass flow er vase atop, where a bright red rose stood erect, and we started conversing. A robust brown dog approached me, sniffing my smell. “Browny! Come here!” Miguel made a castanet-like sound with his fingers. The dog gracefully wig-wagged its body with animal delight and went to his side. Mi guel brushed the dog on the head with his palm, and the dog seemed pleased. “This is my only compa nion in the house, since Celia left,” he said smilingly, stroking the dog with his hand. “When I leave in the morning, I just lock it up in side. Quite a reliable guard.” “Celia? Ah, yes, you told me about her already.” I thought it was foolish for me to have made You see, I that remark at all. It would hurt naturally. “Yes, you’re right. Celia is my wife, I told you that. Or was. Past tense,” he said with a dry laughter. “It’s a beautiful name, isn’t it? Yes, it’s beautiful. Beau tiful. ..” his voice slendered slow ly into silence. “I guess it will be better if we talk of something else,” I sug gested. “It’s all right. I assure you, you don’t have to worry about me. I always take things as they are, as facts, get what I mean.” Miguel tried to sound objective and im personal, perhaps to impress upon me the belief that he was unbreak able and brave. “I guess so,” I replied. “Anyway it’s all over,” he went on saying in a detached manner. “I loved her very much, but Celia could not be satisfied with just be ing loved. She craved for big things which I could not give her. Maybe because she was still young really. I don’t know where she is now.” He leaned backward and waited for me to say something. I thought it wise not to commit myself to anything which I might regret afterwards. I could sense how serious the matter was, what harm it could inflict on the man, and I would rather not have a share in it, the responsibility that it imposed. I merely looked at the red rose. “Celia was very fond of flow ers, this flower,” he said, watch ing me, “That’s why I always get one every morning and place it there. It makes the illusion that my wife is still here. Sometimes when I am lonely I just look at this and I remember things about Celia. Our dates. The love let ters I wrote her. It’s fun, you know.” He stopped and stood up. He said he would get us something to drink. He asked me what I would like to have and I said whatever there was. He walked into the kitchen with his brown dog follow ing him. Shortly, he came back with two glasses of cold orange juice on a wooden tray which he sat down on the squat table. “Help yourself,” he said. “You like mu sic?” “Sure,” I said. Somewhere in the reception room I saw a phono graph, Miguel turned it on and a melancholy jazz sounded from the machine. Miguel settled back in his chair and started sipping the cold orange juice from his glass. 1 like the music with its iambic rhythm and I listened to it quietly. Somehow I could perceive a sha dow of sadness as I sat there look ing at Miguel, his stout brown dog looking meaninglessly up to ward him, the music and the ma chine. (Continued on page 21) Page 16 THE CAROLINIAN fnprettied Face* of Life And thouyh in the sh/lit of men they stiffored tormont their hope is full of immortality. The Stum Life is a prom ptinfi voice in the slum. The slum is an Here, oue experiences eveu the passion °f a second: . . .a panting in the god. in ear of corn is al ready lunch. What else can he have? . . . a joy. Dirty children play co p-an d-th i e ves. The bigger brothers are on the streets brushing men's shoes. hi the attendance of neglect and faintest chance . . . iv It ere poverty is a bull-whip. Early morning is the time for re-cooking yesterday's left-o ver. . . . and spirits resigned. High noon is a vexatious hunger: youth picks up the hook, believing it is their liberator. . . . young night, a looking forward to tomorrow or a sad thought, and an unfinished work. Pictorials PERIOD (Continued from page 16) “I find this phonograph a very useful thing to have around,” Mi guel remarked, glancing at the machine sideward. “Just think of it. I switch it on and there goes Sinatra singing.” He laughed dry ly and senselessly. “I bought this phonograph for Celia. I would not have bought it, but that girl insisted. We had a sort of a quar rel and I had to buy this finally. Women have their way of persuad ing you. Imagine your wife whim pering around, my God!” He sigh ed, and his eyes glistened; he lev elled them at me and lowered them again. I left at ten o’clock in the eve ning and went home, thanking him for the pleasurable reception I had in his house. I assured him I would come as often as I could, and he said he would be glad of that. We shook hands and I left. I was still thinking of Miguel, the brown dog, the flower and the ma chine as I lay in my bed in the darkness. For it was altogether tragic: a lonely man seeking hap piness in a brown dog, a phono graph, and a red rose, and missing completely what he sought. When I went to his house again, he asked me to do something for him. “I’m going to die soon,” he said flatly, matter-of-factly, “and I would like to ask you a big fa vor.” It gave me a gentle shock. “That’s foolishness,” I tried to quip jovially. “Why, you have enough flesh on you to knock out a horse!” Miguel smiled. “No. It’s true. You know when you’ve had it, when you’re done for good. So I would like you to do something for me.” I thought it was some joke. “Well, then say it,” I said. “You see, I am all alone in this world. Got no relative. Got no body to look after me when I die.” He was grave. “I thought I would ask you to handle my funeral, if you’re not too busy to do it. I’ll leave some money that should cov er all the expenses. Is that all right with you?” I could not answer at once. “Are you going to do it for me?” he repeated. “Of course I will,” I replied. “But you’re not really going to die?” “I am. That’s why I’m asking you this.” (Continued on page 29) fade TO REALISM Junne Canizares (second from left) and B. C. Cabanatan (extreme right), as shown with friends after "slumming". I FOUND OUT that there's a whole lot more to photography than pos ing the camera and clicking the shutter when I went shooting slum pictures with fast-leaming photo-artist Ben Cabanatan. Before we en tered the dirty district, I had this in mind: Go about the place, and seek in the comers thereof, if you find things peculiar, take them. Anyway, I had already drafted my text in anticipation. But, shucks, kid! Ben proved me wrong. No, it was not as simple as that. While I was dishing up a yam on our supposed objects and was being peppy, Ben was silent and seemed passing through pres sure. I soon realized that all he was trying to do was to take a picture that in itself would communicate an emotion, a thought, or an observa tion; he took so many medium close-ups of an old woman as if she was Sandra Dee; he breathed life into the disordered walling of a "barong-barong." We wanted true realism, but not the exaggerated and overwrought and egregious kind most photographers occupy themselves with; we did not like to make the slum-people appear happier or sadder than they actually are; we did not desire to portray them as the most contented nor as the miserablest. We roamed around surprising children at their play, and men at their work. A husky man confronted us and asked us a tirade of questions. I stayed at Ben's side ready to protect, if something happened to his Voigtlander. We took a double of a man standing, and the ungrateful fellow chased us around the block. But we also had friendly talks with many people there; they even confided to us their hardships, as if we were some visiting arm wavers or pol iticians. The pictures you have seen (Pictorial Section) reveal Ben's selectiv ity of mind and eye. They convey movement as well as rigidity. Some of them are vividly self-explanatory; they tell you about neediness, the innocent felicity of children, the melancholy of an old woman, the re soluteness of a working man, etc. Some of them look motionless, ex pressionless; but it doesn't mean that they do not have life or power. Don't we, living beings, sometimes feel flat; don't we sometimes mistake life for mere existence? These photographs push Ben to the threshold of photo-joumalism; they may not be faultless, but they spell a good start. I shall not endeavor to interpret them; for, I think, they possess both the “thought'' and the “feel". The “thought" can be transcribed by language, but not the “feel". Readers: if you have eyes, see; if you have hearts, feel. «» SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 21 fa ^7uc6ute (Continued) A Pause from Strife. TEACHING: * 7^ IMU^t (Continued from page 7) for you to make them all worthy of that high destiny. This boy has talents that should enable him to do great things for God and for the Philippines. His talents are entrusted to your keep ing, and must be developed by you. That other boy Is less gifted Intellectually but has in him the making of a real man, and the material to inspire thousands with the example of his struggle against odds... This girl has the marks of a religious vocation and It is for you to develop, by example and precept, her character, into one worthy of her sublime calling. Those other girls may some day be nurses, teachers, or mothers of families; and one and all should be trained by you for the best that they are capable of." The Catholic teacher. "The Catholic teacher has been called to a sublime office. She is.. .the teacher of truth and virtue, the representative of the parents and a spiritual mother, the gardener in the parish nursery, the visible guardian angel of the children, the custodian of the likenesses of God, the guardian of the living temples of the Holy Spirit, and the guide and companion of the pilgrims on their way to heaven." The persons whose ideas about teaching were just quoted, meant what they said: Teaching is the noblest profession. The foundation upon which the dig nity of teaching rests is the truth that God’s greatest work is man and that man’s master art is leading man to God. Since the teacher’s endeavor is to devel op the intellectual and spiritual powers of man; his vocation is that of repro ducing, to some extent, the creative power of God Himself. The enthusiastic teach er discovers and observes the native abilities in his pupils, watches over the development and growth of the inborn powers of the human soul, regulates the child’s ambitions, enriches his ima gination. In short, the teacher fashions the child’s ideals, molds his character, and helps him in the formation of the new man, “reborn in baptism, unto the stature of a perfect Christian.” — (Pius XII) Teaching, according to St. John Chry sostom, is the most excellent art. Says he: “To form the minds and mold the characters of youth, is the art of all arts.” It is the art of helping and guid ing man in his ascent to God. And “teachers have the assurance of receiv ing this mission from God” Himself. — (Pius XII) RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES (Continued from page 5) educational world. So are such schools as Holy Name College in Bohol, Aklan College in Aklan, St. Theresa’s College and Colegio de la Inmaculada Concep cion in Cebu, Ateneo de Davao and Im maculate Conception College in Davao, St. William’s College in Ilocos Norte, Colegio del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus in Iloilo, St. Paul’s College in Leyte, Lourdes College in Misamis Oriental, St. Louis College in Baguio, La Consolacion College and Don Bosco Technical Insti tute in Negros Occidental, St. Paul’s College in Negros Oriental, San Nicolas College in Surigao, Ateneo de Zamboan ga in Zamboanga del Sur, and, of course, the four universities just mentioned maintain standards of instruction and offer educational facilities comparable with the best in the country. It is unfortunate that the masses of our elementary school children do not receive a solid foundation in the "two great pillars of human happiness” — religion and morality. It is true, though, that many high schools and colleges are conducted by different religious groups. Religion is implemented in these educaThe GOOD CATHOLIC TEACHER (Continued from page 6) ing her knowledge of current events, educational legislation and history. Moreover, she pursues studies, joins pro fessional organizations, attends semi nars for the purpose of broadening her cultural outlook and deepening her pro fessional interest with the end in view of improving her teaching competence. Lastly, the good Catholic teacher must possess a deep psychological insight. Youths have high hopes, ambitions and ideals. They are in general optimistic. A good Catholic teacher sustains their optimism by her charm, cheerfulness and scholarship. Students cannot help but admire a teacher who has a cheer ful face and possesses profound human understanding of the deficiencies and limitations of others. She does not point tional institutions. But it also remains true that the high schools and colleges can only improve what the homes and the elementary schools present to them. The high school and the college seldom, if ever, can build up a character the foundation of which was not laid in the earlier formative years of the child, jf out the students’ shortcomings bluntly devoid of any suggestion for improve ments, for this attitude will surely thwart their eagerness to learn. On the contrary, she tries to discover the good things the students can do and help them further to improve themselves. She commends whatever little achievement a student accomplishes. In other words, a good Catholic teacher builds up her teaching upon the facts of Original Sin and grace. She knows, therefore, that in every child there are disorderly inclina tions which must be corrected and good tendencies which must be encouraged and regulated from tender childhood. And Pius XI continues: “Above all the mind must be enlightened and the will strengthened by supernatural truth and the means of grace.” The good Catholic teacher has something of the goodness of Christ Himself. A good Catholic teacher loves the pro fession more than the material compen sation she gets from it. And she recog nizes the fact that hers is the highest and the most dignified profession, for Jesus Christ, the Greatest Teacher of all time, in His Last Will made teaching the noblest of all the professions when He said: “Go and teach...” J Page 22 THE CAROLINIAN Miscellanea i was seeing windy hill again after a year of absence, one year ago or was it a lifetime ago? windy hill, my home for two years, have i been away too long? it looks the same yet something is missing, or perhaps i have also changed; it seems so long ago, a year ago, another world, another time... mariano, all of a bubbling four-year-old runs down the driveway with a loud yelp and a shout, did you bring me candy? children never forget; one year ago to them is only yesterday or last night and his expectation of my gifts binds me like an old. promise, i bring apndies and love, mariano, you've grown tgller where ig litct? dirty and lovably Hat, she was scolding like a queen, bingbing, for drowhing !her dolly in the’ duckpond, her eyes widened in disbelief; she thinks i'm not real, this is tess, lita, remember.her? we used to sing you to sleep, lita, my niece has the clear eyes of one who has never known disaster, in their vivid and strikingly clear depths, i see the wonderbndtenaefe^ss'of a baby ffgHjfe.yp. , A the house has grown lovelier—the bright rattan furni ture, the open french windows opening into well-loved and familiar landmarks, the airport below end Opon all of them nerve taken their places in the world but ' right now they are all here. . . i see glimpses of their faces, like moving water, receding and returning like Jan ebb tide, the waves echoing behind it. or like ten drils of seaweeds in crystalline waters, forming pat terns of different but familiar shadows at varying lights, i hear their voices distant yet near, is it true what they say that there is no going back from life? memory is a long avenue curved into the past, bring ing us beauty and pain, it is a one-way highway with all gates closed yet open to remembrance alone, coming back, a transient guest, to see and review two years of the past in its mute but eloquent landscape, was like seeing scattered pieces of myself, in every tree and furniture i knew so well. why does this place claim so strong an allegiance from me? is it because this place speaks the language i f/know, or because she unfailingly ransoms me from disappointments, fear and sadness? i do not know. I1//K. glistening like a jewel across the sea. undulating Tal leys of cornfields spread out like a carpet of green from below the terrace, “how utterly! strength and depth!", with a waving gesture, tess summed up the impact of the whole scene, unchangingly beautiful and growing dearer with the passage of time, seeing it again was like seeing it for the first time all over again. hundreds of daisies in all colors and in mfr^looih lined the driveway, yellowbeils, adelfa trees and the row of violet and orchid plants stood there in the blue 'arching sky, .cdong the footpaths '’exactly where i had remem bered them, only the massive arid riotous red, pink and blue clusters of bougainville were stripped from the winding walls, the green lawn, silent and serene in the cool afternoon light thudded with our footfalls. here was the setting of so much fun, this playground beloved to my college friends, it's still here waiting, untouched and unchanged, awaking me to remember Christmas and class parties on the soft summer grass, memories of rain, spilled cokes, a blazing bonfire, barbecue and snapshots at night. where are the windy hill dreamers now? since then the old gang has disbanded, helen and chito are teach ing. .. boy is playing in the world Olympics in foreign lands... rey, gerry and susan are in UP. i can still hear marietta quoting tagore's poems from “gitanjali" and jess singing "one alone" to us seated in a semi-circle with the wind and skies all around us. one beautiful legacy of girlhood gone and enshrined forever in windy hill's spiralling memories, if i shut my eyes now, the scene would come back, as fresh, as though everyone were present and talking at the same time. it has its own climate of instilling courage and security when i feel the ground slipping beneath my feet. perhaps i needed to go away to love it, to soak its warmth, breathe its soul and snatch its haunting beau ty. windy hill is part of me; i have loved, valued and written so much about its many faces that i feel it is mine, and love is a greater badge of ownership than reams of titles or deeds and i know it belongs to the one who loves it most. i remember afternoons we'd spend killing time by watching the clouds' formations shape into monsters and angels and drift away across the blue petal of a sky, wider, bluer, deeper than anywhere else! . .. watch ing the papaya moon rise from the emerald sea and sunrise in the same spot from the very same window. . . the slow spread of gold and magenta streaks of bril liant light filling the skies like an outspread umbrella at sunset... and that special bench under the iba tree where we used to sit on lazy afternoons studying for the midterms, here one could sit and remember and really be done. lahug was moving to a world of soft darkness and lights, pinpointing the inky distance like a chain of twinkling fairy lamps linking horizons of earth and sky and sea, when we left at dusk, here is where i grow up, and like growing up, this is where i leave off, clos ing the door to a life buried in a dream, to yesterday asleep in its altared tombs, this will remain as i leave it. strangers may live here but that wouldn't alter things grown timeless, not to us, secure in the credulity of the young whose private worlds are imperishable. «» SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 23 Miscellanea Entirely (Personal PRE-ELECTION MESSAGE: Barely thirty days after this issue comes out of the pressroom the Philippines will be treated to another political extravaganza, expected by many observers to be the most colorful, the most expensive, the most notorious (pardon the word) election this country will ever witness. Judging from the tense atmosphere that has been building up during the past few months, the November electoral contest promises to be a grand "Roman Holiday" where the electorate will be dined, wined and perhaps, though we hope not, womaned. If reports are true, money will flood the streets like water during the election day as a sure-fire formula to guarantee the victory of some weak-kneed candi dates whose chances of winning are contingent upon how much they can dole out to the voting public. Since the temptation attached to a fat ten-peso bill is very great, it is incumbent upon the electorate to stand guard with the greatest vigilance against the deception of vote-buying. Vote-buying has brought us an abundance of graft and corruption in high places, and it is about time to start weeding it out seriously before it completely saps our economic strength. While politicians are busy building up vast business empires at the expense of Juan de la Cruz, the people are starving, and unemployment takes a menacing rise at every turn of the year. The election could open a new world of hope for a better Philippines — for more able and more honest men to run its governmental affairs, but only if the voting public, by the most conscientious use of the power of his ballot will ferret out from government service the men who do not deserve to be there. The country has been harassed by opportunism of all kinds. Unless the electorate wages a determined battle to preserve the sanctity of his ballot, there will be no end to his sufferings. Must the voter do what his conscience dictates? We hope, he will. determined battle to preserve the sanctity to his sufferings. Must the voter do wk The new air-conditioned Audio-Visual Center is a thing to crow about in USC today. The only one of its kind in the Visayas and Mindanao, Carolinians are immensely proud of tnis novel acquisition. Father Hoerdemann is A CENTER INDEED: doubtless a Father Builder. After this, what next? Because of the comfort and convenience that one feels inside the theatre, it has easily become the hub of intellectual activity. Lectures, meetings, film showing and even induction ceremonies are held there more often than not. An "intellectual awakening" in the campus is readily noticeable, and recent observa tions seem to point out the fact that the center will really live up to its name. In fact, if there were more centers than one, what would happen to our classes? FLF, MSG, BC, JC, DM and ARM would be soundly sleeping while MADAM was driving home a point. SMASH-HIT: This first issue of the Carolinian this semester was a smash-hit on the campus. Students and teachers, out siders included, have had nice words for the issue. While In Memoriam won the plaudits of the local press, Pal Joey caused commotion among the Boholano population for his "unwarranted intrusion" into the land that Dagohoy once claimed as his own. No sooner had the issue reached the nearest street than FLF was flooded with letters chastising him for belittling the cause of the patient and generous Boholano. Well... we take no sides in the iusue. But one thing is certain: FLF had not meant to offend the people of Bohol. Only his overfertile imagination had run away with him, making him believe that the ubi boom would make him a millionaire just like that. INCIDENTALS: The Law Debating Class is gasping for life... A lady teacher still beams with reserved optimism as she watches the years roll by... Mrs. Maria C. Gutierrez, a SmithMundt scholar, is back in the folds of USC again — this time with more stories about the great USA ... The library is filled to capacity only during exams... The USC Band needs some blood transfusion. .. Maglalang's literary contest turned out to be late-rary despite enticing offers of prizes to winners. The deadline had to be postponed for a week because very few responded to his appeal for "literary unity", whatever that means ... It's vacation time again ... and so to one and all... HAPPY HUNTING! .... essel A.J.R. # MERRY MIX-UP THE bell rings. Our teacher comes in. We stand and we pray the “Our Father." Then, as we take our scats, the lady remains standing and smiling. She says: ‘‘Get one whole sheet— “No ma’am, no ma’am, we’re not pre pared ma’am,” we chorus. She remains standing as usual. The smile disappears, however. “I said get one whole sheet and write a theme on any subject you like, but mark well: be careful about your grammar and spell ing, and avoid the use of trite expresssions and hackneyed phrases.” Pens, pencils, ball, pens begin to scratch and race their way across the sheets—except mine. My teeth instead are leaving their marks on my poor pen. “What’s trite? What’s hackneyed?” I whisper to the nearest gentleman (or so I think). “Keep your mouth shut and keep your sputnik rolling,” he retorts in not so low a voice as mine. “If there are any questions, ask me,” cuts in the teacher. “If you can’t think of any topic, write about yourself. Start writing, Mr. Cruz.” “Yes, maam,” meekly says I. Thus I write: It is said, ma’am, that where there’s a well there’s a way. While I was in • by R. CORDERO * high school I sure did have the well— the school, and the way—the teacher— but my misfortune was that I didn’t have the bucket—the books. I misplace them or lose them, or lent them to my classmates and in return my classmates gave me their homework to copy from. So, of course, I didn’t graduate valedic torian in that class of forty as my par ents expected. However, since I was a good listener, words come easy to me. You don’t have to worry over my spell ing. I am good in grammar, too. I ain’t stupid like other students are. I’ve got a retentive memory, as well. So reten tive indeed, that I have still my coco nut shell such beautiful passages as “Come live with me and be any cash," by Kitts, and Johnson’s “Drink to me only with thine eyes, And I will pledge with mine; Or leave a kiss within the cup, And I will drink the wine." Wanderful! isn’t? Nevertheless, History is my favorite. I know “I shall return” was promised by President Quezon. Only it was MacArthur who returned. I am a humble man........ In spite of my scholarly ability I do not boast (Continued on page 34) THE CAROLINIAN Page 24 Miscellanea What Is A UNIVERSITY? (Continued front page 10) Ions- time; months, sometimes years, were devoted to the arduous task of dis abusing the mind of the incipient Chris tian of its pagan errors, and of mould ing it upon the Christian faith. The Scriptures indeed were at hand for the study of those who could avail them selves of them; but St. Irenaeus does not hesitate to speak of whole races, who had been converted to Christianity, without being able to read them. To be unable to read and write was in those times no evidence of want of learning: the hermits of the deserts were, in this sense of the word, illiterate; yet the great St. Anthony, though he knew not letters, was a match in disputation for the learned philosophers who came to try him. IJidymus again, the great Alex andrian theologian, was blind. The an cient discipline, called the Discipline, Arcani, involved the same principle. The more sacred doctrines of Revelation were not committed to books but passed on by successive tradition. The teaching on the Blessed Trinity and the Euchar ist appears to have been so handed down from some hundred years; and when at length reduced to writing, it has filled many folios, yet has not been exhausted. But I have said more than enough in illustration; I end as I began;... a University is a place of concourse, whi ther students come from every quarter for every kind of knowledge. You cannot have the best of every kind everywhere; you must to to some city or emporium for it. There you have all choicest pro ductions of nature and art together, which you find each in its separate place elsewhere. All the riches of the land, and of the earth, are carried up thither; there are the best markets, and there are the best workmen. It is the centre of trade, the supreme court of fashion, the umpire of rival talents, and the standard of things rare and precious. It is the place for seeing galleries of first-rate pictures, performers of transcendent skill. It is the place for great preachers, great ora tors, nobles and great statesmen. In the nature of things, greatness and unity go together; excellence implies a cen tre. And such, for the third or fourth time, is a University; I hope I do not weary out the reader by repeating it. It is the place to which a thousand schools make contributions; in which the intellect may safely range and spec ulate, sure to find its equal in some an tagonist activity, and its judge in the tribunal of truth. It is a place where inquiry is pushed forward, and discov eries verified and perfected, and rash ness rendered innocuous, and error ex posed, by the collision of mind with mind, and knowledge with knowledge. It is the place where the professors become fit’s... illection! whaddaya know, jerry.... there is something in the October wind which tells me election is nigh, i smell money! i hope it's the real maccoy (not julian, please!), not just some thing made at home, you know, especially at a time like this, there are lots of people who make money at home, and they do get away with it. let's forget the people for a while and talk about myself, me, joey, the ghosts of the people ... er, i mean a host of people from the cemet... i mean, from my town—damn this big mouth of mine—are urging me to run for town mayor, i had a heck of a time making up my mind, jerry, running for town mayor in my hometown is no joke, our incumbent mayor is a veteran olympicker who has a stack of medals and trophies for being the fastest runner in the racetracks of olvmpia, wherever that is. in the last war, for instance, the japanese could not beat him in running, he was always farther than ten miles ahead! he was captain of the guerrilla force. nevertheless, jerry, despite the dangers and risks of the suggested under taking, i finally decided to run for town mayor, you know, can say with pride that i am a man whose only law is the voice of the people, it is said, vox populi, vox dei. the voice of the people is the voice of god. besides, i think i'm getting bigger around the waist, running for town mayor would be a good exercise. every seasoned politician has a plan of strategy, jerry, well, here's mine. i'll make a grand tour of france.... er, i mean our town, distribute hand bills left and right, shake hands with everybody, kiss babies, especially 18 yearolds and above, have drinking sprees, and make great speeches, something to run like this: "your interests shall be my beacon light, to serve you, i will willingly climb the highest mountains and cross the seven seas, and if need be, i will gladly shed the last drop of my blood, that you my people, may see the beautiful dawn of a bright tomorrow." it's all baloney of course, jerry, you very well know, i don't even visit my wife if it rains, and when it comes to a showdown regarding my shedding the last drop of my blood, i'll tell them i'm willing to shed it on condition that i do not have to shed the first, second, third, fourth, etc., drops of my blood. i'll tell them too, to vote for me, the man whom gold can never buy. at any rate jerry, they don't buy with gold nowadays, they use paper bills! come election day, i'll be sifting pretty, victory will be as certain as the rising of the sun in the east and its setting in the north. then, after my installation at the office of mayor, i hope they won't make it inflexible, i'm going to junket to mt. olympus and start practicing at the race tracks. cute? so long jerry. your politicking pal, o i y e eloquent, and it is a missionary and a preacher, displaying his science in its most complete and most winning form, pouring it forth with the zeal of enthu siasm, and lighting up his own love of it in the breasts of his hearers. It is the place where the catechist makes good his ground as he goes, treading in the truth day by day into the ready memory, and wedging and tightening it into the expanding reason. It is a place which wins the admiration of the young by its celebrity, kindles the affections of the middle-aged by its beauty, and rivets the fidelity of the old by its associations. It is a seat of wisdom, a light of the world, a minister of faith, an Alma Ma ter of the rising generation. It is this and a great deal more, and demands a somewhat better head and hand than mine to describe it well. Such is a University in its idea and its purpose; such in good measure has it before now been in fact. Shall it be ever again? We are going forward in the strength of the Cross, under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin, in the name of St. Patrick, to attempt it. J SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 25 Miscellanea \ What Do Dou Thioh III 11ITH the USC election hullabaloo now | | over, the question that is uppermost in our minds is: Of what benefit Is the campus election to the college students? As an answer, I have this to say: The election is not just another ordinary affair when highflown language is being displayed by glibtongued candidates to sway the perplexed student-elector to his side. Speaking matterof-factly, election time offers the student ample opportunity in which to exercise the priceless gift bestowed by the democratic form of society—the inalienable right of suffrage. That every Carolinian did his share in enabling the election to fulfill its alms is a definite and proven fact. —Rene Pena, Liberal Aris • In my opinion, the campus election af fords the best training for the students who, three or four or five years hence, will take their places as citizen-leaders of the country, to gear themselves to the delicate and vital art of self-government. It has become a matter of common knowledge that the government is but the constitution of the will of the people. If there is anybody to blame for the failure of the government, it is the people. A rotten and vice-ridden government represents, ten to one, a rotten and vicious people. With its failure or success, we either sink or swim. One should not, therefore, lose sight of the oft-times belittled fact that his single vote will, in one way or another, ultimately determine the kind of men who are going to run the government. —Amparo Yap, Education The organization of a student governmental body deserves not just a fleeting thought but the topmost berth In the list of the student's extra-curricular activities. Reason: Under pressing circumstances the student finds it the last recourse where to air his gripes and grievances characteristic of the more complicated government on the national level. It serves as a vigilant mouthpiece of the student populace—It is their voice itself. The job of the Intelligent student-elector, therefore, is to cast his vote only for the men most capable and unselfish in channel ing the student body's energies to serve this end. —Pethonii.0 Sevilla, Commerce not only profitable but also worth his while. He makes it a point to make such participation a part and parcel of himself because he wants to possess a liberal and well-rounded education the moment he steps out of the university’s fold. This is not being prophetic or exaggerating, but in the final count, the stupendous efforts exerted by the college professors down to the stud ent’s very first teachers in the development and cultivation of his mind will have been altogether futile if he doesn’t make the most of his inherent right to vote. —Elizabeth Jajalla, Liberal Arts Politics is defined as the science of govern ment. If the real essence of the definition finds expression in its practice, its respect ability as a profession, science and art will not fade. However, if its aims, the most important of which is to install a govern ment free from graft and corruption and to be of service to the people, shift to the mercenary, it becomes intolerable in the eyes of the people. This is where our knowledge of campus politics comes in. This activity inculcates in our minds that it is not so much the question of who wins but what he can do in case he wins, that we are perennially concerned with. The people cannot take chances no more than they can sacrifice efficiency for men. If we take an active part in campus political affairs, we have good reason to expect a better government when our time comes. —Fredesuendo Ong, Commerce • In a young, struggling republic such as ours, where becoming rich overnight has become the chief obsession of crooked, money-mad politicians, there is an impera tive need of replacing them with new in corruptible ones. But where to find them? In this quest for talents, the campus election plays a very significant role. We can find them in the persons of student leaders, not so much in scholars. For scholastic brilliance is not a substitute for tact and leadership. The Student Coun cil gives them the chance to display their wares. Whether they prove competent or incompetent makes little or no difference at all to know that experience is the best teacher. By assuming key positions in the Council, they lay the blueprint of what they can do in case they aim at public office. With the one-year incumbency as officers and representatives of the body, they have plenty of time to introspect anti Conducted by NELSON evaluate their merits and shortcomings. The organization of the Supreme Student Coun cil therefore is just a step in the right direction. —Flora JUMAPAO, Architecture Nothing exists without a purpose; the Stud ent Council is not formed for no reason at * all. It is formed to do good and the good always. It resolves to give the "It" to col lege life. But no matter of what caliber the officers and representatives are, it would be of no avail without the wholehearted cooperation of the individual members. The head cannot stand by itself without the body, just as the body cannot without the head. Both need the support of each other in the same way that the Student Council needs our cooperation and we, their guidance and attention to an orderly and well-coor dinated college life in the course of our short stint in this University. • The good college student regards active participation in campus political affairs —Amelia Cabrera, Commerce • The conducting of the USC election re flected much of the attitude we have to wards politics. The enormous enthusiasm with which we attended the "grand” rally and the big smile that played on our lips the moment we shook hands with wellmeaning campus “politicos” only showed our fuller and more mature understanding of what campus politics can do for us. In the first place, what interest we have in campus politics, sooner or later, broad ens and sprouts into love for politics on the local and national scale. This love, however, should not go to the extent of prejudicing other things of equal import ance as moral and spiritual obligations. In the second place, it makes us feel we are a part of the government and no matter how small we are, we contribute a little something to its success or failure. And finally because real service is all there is to the Council, it makes us realize that politics is not intended as an oppor tunity of making our pockets bulge with ill-gotten money as some politicians are thinking. —Emma Lynda Valenzuela, Secretarial There is a lot to think about in school elec tions and I thought the pervasive spirit of the last USC Student Council elections would live on. But now that the din and fury has died away, I doubt if anyone still finds If worthwhile to think about it, considering QUINAIN PEftA YAP SEVILLA JAJALLA Page 26 THE CAROLINIAN Miscellanea USC-SSC ELECTIONS? LAROSA that, in most eases, the spirit of such acti vities usually appears with compelling force at the beginning of the school year, only to sputter to an end and vanish after the in duction of the newly-elected officers. Then peace reigns once more in the campus in the form of absolute silence. At any rate, the last USC elections had left something which we would remember for a long time to come. Firstly, our student leaders here have given us the impression that they, too, are not stupid in applying the political trades they have learned from our 20th century politicians. Secondly, the student electorate, who constitute the greater bulk of the intellectuals on this side of heaven, have shown their capacity to render mature judgment, to act as a people with a high sense of values as evidenced by the attitude they had manifested in the exercise of their right of suffrage. But it is also a sad commentary on the conduct of Student Council elections in general that in the midst of the last bitter political wranglings here, there were cam pus politicians who did not conduct their campaign on a higher plane. It is indeed lamentable that some of them followed the unsavory pattern set by the modern crop of undisciplined politicians, unprincipled pro pagandists, who resort to cheap political tactics such as those we now witness over our local airlanes. Viewed against the finer points for which student councils are or ganized, we may say without fear of con tradiction that the candidates who indulged in such stunts were unknowingly training themselves for a kind of leadership alien to the common, accepted norms of conduct in our Catholic community. To advocate a "STUDENT COUNCIL THAT IS ABSOLUTELY INDEPENDENT OF THE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION" is to declare "war" against the University. The claim that our Student Council here is only independ ent in name but a puppet in fact, on the ground that until now it is still tied to the apron strings of the USC administration, is not a valid defense for the cause of student self-government. While it is true that Stud ent Councils are training grounds for stud ents in the art of self-government, it does not necessarily follow that students who cherish that idea are automatically free to establish their own institution inside the school campus. The University is a State in itself with the students as its subjects. That being the case, the former is but exercising ONG JUMAPAO CABRERA a legitimate prerogative in demanding obedience from the latter. For the students to "live" independently inside the campus without giving the school authorities the the benefit of intervention in their affairs may be a beautiful idea (at least that's democracy in actien) but it cannot be carried that far because once students as sert absolute freedom of control from the school administration, that's an express renunciation of their status as subjects. In short, they cease to be students. That issue, therefore, was as preposterous as it was Another thing which did not fail to invite the attention of the school population was the game of "hide and seek" played by can didates who campaigned even inside the polling places, in gross violation of the election laws promulgated by the Election Committee chairmanned by Atty. German Mayo, Jr. The committee did its best to enforce the election laws but it being a one-man committee (it was only Atty. Mayo whom I saw in action) the "mice" played inside the precincts when the "cat" was away. We can say this much for Atty. Mayo who was alone and who sweated it out to make the elections free. It's hard to imagine how he managed to pull those candidates out of the polling After all has been said and done, how ever, we can take consolation in the fact that there has been no trouble as an off shoot of the last elections. So far no election protests have been filed by this or that candidate. That means, the election was free. —Bai.tazah V. Qlinain, Colleye of Law VALENZUELA SC A i>y TRUCE ORDOSA SCANS really were bug-eyed search ing for their regular "Corner” in the first issue. Miss Betty Antonio had to give way to us due to pressure of work at the Patria, hence this ap pearance in the second issue. Graduation thinned the ranks of the officers of the SCA and a revamp had to be undertaken to continue a job well done by past officers. An election of the Central Council offi cers was held together with a dcspedida party for Father John who left for Manila on a new assignment. Jesus Alcordo, a Chemical engineer ing scholar took over the reins of the SCA government vacated by ano ther scholar, Jesus Estanislao, who was promoted into the ranks of the employed, he being now one of the instructors of this university. The other officers elected arc: Josefino Tapia and Josefina Donaldo, vicepresidents; Susda Mata, secretary; Filomena Villamor, treasurer; Juan Montero II, PIIO; Orchid Sacris and Truce Ordoiia, contact lady and con tact man respectively. Fr. Pedro Kranewitter is the new chaplain and Miss Guillermo Villoria is the lay adviser. In order to give more impetus to the ever growing membership of this silent but potent lay organization, new units and cells were added. The effectivity of adding new units and cells was evidently shown during the induction ceremonies of the Central Council Officers and the Faculty Ca tholic Action officers. Very Rev. Father Rector inducted the officers and gave a most heart-warming and inspiring speech. Last July of this year, we had a leadership-training and orientation program. The training course, which lasted the whole day, offered a series on the SCA by Catholic actionists from this and other schools in the city. Practical lessons, forums, and impromptu programs were the other parts of the well-attended leadership training and orientation program. As an incentive to the cells and in order to reward the most efficient cell in the SCA, we are now spon soring a contest among the different cells of the SCANs. This contest, unlike most contests which cater to the "get rich quick mentality” so prevalent among people today, has for its aim the enrichment of the spiritual rather than the material being of the SCANs. The contest, which features regular mass and communion attendance, cooperation and mustering of recruits, had its start on the first day of August. At the end of the month, the winning cell will be posted on the SCA bul letin board as the model cell of the month. At this writing, the Radio-Drama tics cell is preparing for its part in “The Rosary Hour”, a weekly radio program sponsored by SCA units in different schools. The half-hour pro gram will have the USC SCA as its sponsor on August 23. August 30 this year’s batch of new members were inducted into the SCA. The solemn ceremonies were followed by a program. J SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 27 Science IT IS INDEED a rare privilege to write on the importance of the stu dy of Filipino Culture. For, as has been'said, the last thing a fish will dis cover is the water that surrounds it; and in this line of thinking I would like to bring out the fact, that although there is presently a very strong wave of Filipino nationalism, and sometimes a strong blind nationalism, yet many of us may not know, or do not even admit, or are ashamed, or simply ignore the fact that there exists such a thing as a Filipino Culture. The word Filipino includes all the eth nical groups, the members of which en joy Philippine citizenship; as our Neg ritos, the Mohammedans of the south, the old Malays (the tribes of Mt. Prov ince, etc.), the Proto-Malays (Manobos, Mangyans, etc.), we the young Ma lays, and the naturalized citizens com posed of different nationalities. The cul ture of these aforementioned groups va ries from the most primitive, i.e., the Negritos to the highly civilized ethnical group—we the young Malays, etc. Hence, in speaking of the Filipino we should not think only of the ruling class (the young Malays) but all the other abovementioned ethnical groups. The word culture is a more complicat ed thing to define. Defined in its nar row sense it is used to mean the arts— painting, literature, etc. For a broader definition, an anthropological one, which will be the sense I will use, I will quote some well known definitions. E. B. Tylor, an English anthropolo gist. defined culture as that "complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” Another definition is put up by Sieber who defines culture in the ethnological sense as “the inner formation of the human mind, and the external forma tion of the body and nature in so far as the latter process is directed by the mind. Culture, therefore, is immanent and observable only in its external ma nifestations.” From these definitions, it is implied that culture of a people will embrace all the aspects of human life, of which we recognize three: sociological, mate rial, and spiritual. In the European countries which I vi sited in the course of my stay abroad, much money and efforts are spent in order to know more about themselves, besides indulging in doing cultural re search in the culture of other countries. In Muenster, folkloristic studies are con ducted by the Volkskunde Institute, for a certain region of Germany. At the same time this institute publishes a sci entific magazine on the latest results obtained. This institute is a part of the University of Muenster where one may study for a doctorate’s degree. For this purpose the institute has its own library of 10,000 volumes or so. Be sides, ’ there is a museum which func tions as a repository for the cultural ar tifacts collected by the workers of the Institute and its collaborators. The other big German universities where ethnology is taught, and which have also their own ethnological, archaeological, and linguistical institutes are Cologne, Goettingen, Bonn, Frankfurt, Hamburg, etc. Hamburg is noted for its special ization in Linguistics (African especial ly) ; one of its products is Professor Cccilio Lopez of the University of the Philippines, probably the only trained Filipino linguist with a doctor’s degree. The Swiss universities also have their own institutes and the cantons have their own museums. The same may be said of Austria, Sweden, Belgium, etc. In Rome one of the famous museums which I visited is the Lateran Museum. In its collection, as in all other Euro pean museums, there is but a small col lection of objects from the Philippines. This shows how much more we need to study our own culture and present it to the outside world, that it may under stand and be able to help us. Now let us consider our neighboring countries that have just recently gain ed their independence. Our nearest neighbor in the southerly direction is the Indonesians; through their past mas ters, the Dutch, they have been able to retain much of their cultural heritage, The Author with some of his Mangyan friends in Barrio Arangin in Or. Mindoro. in the form of the non-destruction of their old sociological structures, writ ten accounts of their history, etc., and the museums: of the latter there are two, one in Batavia and one in Ban dung which put our own to shame. The Philippine peninsula, which was under the British colonials for a while, and is now free, has four museums; the Straits Settlement has the Raffles Museum; Indo-China has four museums; its lar gest is located at Hanoi; Borneo has also a museum at Sarawak. These mu seums are still kept up by the native scientists of these places mentioned. Now we have already seen briefly how in other countries there is a conscious effort to study their own culture. Let us turn our searching eyes to the pic ture in our own land. First, let us ask a few ouestions which have to do with the study of Filipino Culture. Of our younger generation today how many of us really know that the Fili pino'culture is not just one stratum, but that it is a variegated and a stratified one? How many of us know that there arc about 85 or more languages and dia lects taken together spoken in our coun try? And how many of us, especially our generation, know that we find in the Philippines all kinds of cultures, from the simplest, viz. to a certain ex tent hunting and gathering culture, to the highly civilized village culture of the agriculturists, our brothers in the Mountain Province? And up to the pres ent how many of the grammars of our own languages have been thoroughly studied by Filipino scholars? The an swer to all these would be, but a few. I remember once somebody asked me whether the Mamanua of N. E. Minda nao were Malays, and whether they were Filipinos. This ignorance of the ethnical classification of our Negrito brothers cannot be totally blamed upon the inquirer, for it is a fact that very little has been written about the Ma manua—the Negritos of N.E. Minda nao and to top it all my students and intellectuals simply do not care if these people exist or not, much more exert their efforts in the study of their cul ture, one of the most primitive in our cultural melieu. Since I have mentioned the Negritos, many of you would be curious and there fore would ask: what is the importance of studying these people’s culture? Fr. Rahmann (now professor of ethnology at Fribourg University in Switzerland) in an article states that “these little rem nants of the Negrito race, in the central Philippines are in many respects heralds and living documents of remote anti quity. From their beliefs and customs we can read as from a historic source, as it were, elements that must have been part of a very early human civiliza tion. ..” And it was for this same rea son that the late Fr. W. Schmidt, the founder of the Anthropost Institute ini tiated, organized, and inspired an ex tensive field work among a good num ber of the different pygmy races of the world. These investigations, largely car ried out by competent missionaries, viz. Vanoverbergh, Schebesta, etc., brought to light facts that are of momentous im portance in retracting man’s develop ment. Take for instance such facts as the existence of monotheism, monogamy, and private property among these oldest living representatives of mankind. Ruth Benedict says that primitive peoples are a living laboratory. As a science, cultural anthropology (cultural studies) in the Philippines is relatively young and not well developed. To be considered as the Nestor of mod ern Philippine ethnology is Prof. Beyer, who for the last several decades of his stay in the Philippines has been collect ing anthropological, folkloristic, and prehistoric materials. Much of the ma terials on hand are still waiting for Page 28 THE CAROLINIAN publication. At present Beyer has turn ed more and more to archaeology, and to him goes the credit of discovery of the existence of a Stone Age in the Philip pines. His main work is entitled Philip pine and East Asian Archaeology, and its Relation to the Origin of the Paci fic Island Population. Probably the most outstanding field worked in cul tural anthropology and linguistics is Fr. Morice Vanoverbergh, C.I.C.M. His studies on the Negritos, and of the Lepanto-Igorot or Kakanay are well known, and have served to give more informa tion regarding these primitive brothers of ours. Still another missionary ex plorer of the Scheut missionaries, Fr. Francis Lambrecht did extensive field work among the Mayayaw, a sub-group of the Ifugao. Another priest scholar, Fr. Alfonso Claerhoudt is an authority on the language of the Benguet Igorots; Fr. Leon Lindemans is collecting oral lore of the Ifugaos. Still another out standing field worker among the peo ples of Mt. Province was the late It. F. Barton. However, due to the misforImportance of the Study PHILIPPINE CULTURE by DR. MARCELINO N. MACEDA tunes of war most of the manuscripts have disappeared. Another American, Conklin, did recently extensive field work among the Mangyans of southern Mindoro. Robert Fox of the National Museum has shown us a new approach to the further research on the cultures of some of the natives of the Philip pines, namely the ethnobotanical ap proach. He wrote a monograph, a very excellent one, on the material culture of the Pinatubo Negritos of Zambales. A very indispensable work, even for our pharmacy students, is the comprehen sive work of Eduardo Quisumbing enti tled Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Timoteo Oracion of Silliman University is doing research work on the Islands of Negros. He has already published his results in the Silliman Journal on the Nagahats, a pagan tribe in south west Negros. Fr. Rahmann, who is now in Fribourg University, and this writer as his as sistant conducted studies among the Negritos of the southern Philippines and folkloristic studies at the same time before the former left for Europe, Fr. Lynch, S.J., is specializing in re search on the Tagalog and Bicol re gions. And also to be credited with the gathering of materials of our primitive tribes are some of the Americans who were assigned to work in the ethnolo gical division of the defunct Bureau of Science; viz. Reed, Jones, Worcester, et al. It should be noted that their mate rials arc still good for comparative stu dies. A great need for new monographs of our ethnical groups today exists. Philippine Folklore is a highly prom ising field. There is much effort being exerted but they are much scattered. The collection made by Dean S. Fansler of “Filipino Popular Tales” contains only a minor part of the material ga thered by him. Armando Malay and his daughter frequently publish Filipino folk customs in a local magazine. In prehistory and archaeology, XV. C. Solheiin II has joined Beyer in this work and consequently has published several papers in the Journal of E.A. Studies. Fox and his assistant have also gone into this field, having reported several excavation expeditions. In the field of scientific linguistics Cecilio Lopez, of the UP, is working on a "Comparative Phil. Syntax”, a project supported by a Guggenheim grant. There are also other linguistical studies pursued by him. An American, Frank Blake, is cooperating with Prof. Lopez in studying accents in Tagalog. Ano ther Filipino, Arsenio Manuel, wrote a book on Chinese Elements in the Taga log Language. Furthermore, systema tic linguistic field work is being con ducted by the Sumner Institute of Lin guistics in the Philippines which is an organization of Oklahoma and Dakota; its director is Richard Pittman. They issue grammars and vocabularies of languages they have studied. They have already published several works con cerning their activities in Notes on the Dialectic Geography of the Philippines; An Intensive Language Course, etc. These are some of the few people who are engaged in the study of Filipino culture; worth noticing is the fact that there are very few Filipino names in volved in such a great task of study ing our own culture. This is a chal lenge to our youth and us intellectuals. There are institutions which also con duct studies in Philippine culture, viz., the University of Manila, which edits Journal of E.A. Studies; the University of Chicago which has a Philippine Stu dies Program; Silliman University, and some other schools in Manila. Last but not least is our own university, where a further cultural anthropological stu dy program is envisaged, and perhaps a scientific magazine for publication of the latest results of work done by mem bers of its faculty. After having duly exposed the con ditions regarding cultural research work of our own culture I hope that we ac cept it as a challenge. As natives we have advantages in the matters of lan guage and understanding the mentality of the people under which we may be working. Of course we would not be blind to the fact that research work can also be done in cooperation with foreign scholars, for then better re search results would be forthcoming. The sifting of what is still Filipino from the mess of foreign cultural elem ents is a job which we the younger gen eration still have to accomplish. Then and only then will we be able to under stand our ownselves instead of staying under the illusion that we are either Hispanized or Americanized, for in spite of the superficial trappings many of us wear, underneath these trappings still lurks the Filipino heritage. J PERIOD (Continued from page 21) “Of course I will,” I replied. “But you’re not really going to die?” “I am. That’s why I’m asking you this.” “But you’re not sick. How come you’re going to die. By accident, you mean?” “No, not by accident. You see it’s like this. There are many ways of dy ing. By disease. By accident. Then a man can kill himself. I mean, a man can choose not to live anymore, and he is free to end his life.” He fell into a lethargic silence. I was looking at the red rose as I listened to him. 1 was rather confused, because I could see clearly the implica tion of his words. “You’re not going to do such a thing, are you?” Miguel looked at me. "Of course I won’t”, he muttered. “I’ll get us some thing to drink.” Like the night before, we sat there listening to melancholy jazz from the phonograph. It was the last time I saw him. For as he had said, he died. I was on my way to his house when I saw him lying on the asphalt road, dead under the pale moonlight. I knew he had thought of it all. I could hear the phonograph playing. I saw the brown dog sniffing at the fallen man and whining mourn fully in the darkness. I remember that when I saw it I said it was a useless thing and Miguel did not have to do it. I still believe that life is worth living... Oh, yes, there is a love letter I will write this day... J The CCAA (Cant'd from p. 32) baskets while the Maestros were limited to four! The longest lead came at 107-61, 4'46", to go for the final half. At about this time, USC started applying the brakes and let the Maestros catch up for a final 111-71, one of the season’s highest scoring sprees. Victory number 2 for the Warriors! The INTRAMURALS (Continued from page 32) Despite the yeoman work of the "Mutt and Jeff" team. Martinez who scored 31 pts. and Lucas who tallied 16 pts, the Artsmen found themselves at the short end of the bargain at the final whistle. The Barristers, suffering from elephan tiasis of the ego, lost to the underrated Business-Finance combine 40-36 for the last game before the mid-term exams. After leading by as much as ten points in the first half, and still holding on to their lead in the lower half, they were overtaken by the Businessmen in the last closing minutes. Businessmen Capahi and Rodrigues noticing the break given them by the "lawyers" made short work of the seemingly insurmountable lead put up by the Barristers' first stringers for a well-deserved victory. Half-time score was 18-9 for the Barristers. TEAM STANDING* W L Law..................................... 5-1 Accounting ....................... 3-1 CAS .................................... 3-2 Business-Finance ............. 2-2 Arts ................................... 1-3 Sciences ............................. 1-3 CEM .................................... 1-4 ♦As of September 12. SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 29 NEWS Miss Remedios Fradejas USC BOARD TOPNOTCHER OFF TO U. S. Miss Remedios Fradejas, who placed fifth in the government board examination for chemists last year, left for Manila last August 15 on the first leg of her trip to the United States. She will take up studies for a master’s degree in chemistry at the University of Texas, where she will join Miss Jane Kintanar, another USC scholar, who is pres ently studying for a doctorate in physics. Miss Fradejas’ travel is backed up by a Fulbright grant, while her stay and study at the University of Texas will be financed by the University. USC SCHOLAR RETURNS AS ONLY ETHNOLOGIST IN CEBU USC scholar Marcelino Maceda returned last July from Europe to be the first and only doctor of ethnology here in Cebu. Now back with the teaching staff of the Graduate School of the University, Mr. Maceda was in Europe for three academic years on a USC scholarship grant. He obtained his Ph.D. in Ethnology from Fribourg University in Switzerland and studied a few subjects in Vienna Univer sity in Austria and in Lund University in Sweden. He minored in English Litera ture and theoretical Economics. Aside from the scholarship grant, Mr. Maceda got the following scholarships: Fonds Suisse Nacional de la Recherche Scientifique, which was granted to special students in Fribourg; International Stu dent Course in Lund University; and a travel scholarship to big German univer sities where ethnology is taught as a course. (Among them were: Frobenius Institute, Frankfurt, Bonn, Cologne, Ham burg, and Muenster universities.) He tra velled with Father Rahmann, S.V.D., form er Dean of USC’s Graduate School, pres ently a faculty member of Fribourg Univ ersity and a well known anthropologist in Europe. Dr. Maceda graduated from Fribourg U with honors. His doctorate thesis dealt on a comparison of the culture of the Mamanua Negritoes of Northeastern Mindanao with the cultures of other Southeast Asian Negritoes. Before he left for Europe, Mr. Maceda had already done extensive field work among the primitives of Mindanao, Mindo ro, Negros and Panay. He was also re search assistant in the USC Graduate School. At present, Dr. Maceda is writing a mo nograph on the Mamanuas, which he hopes to publish in a European scientific maga zine under joint authorship with Father Rahmann. Incidentally, USC is the only school in Cebu that is doing work in the field of ethnology. AUSTRIAN BOY SCOUTS INTERVIEWED AT USC Two Austrian boy scouts, Harold Rum pier and Peter Schlogel, who hitchhiked their way through Africa and Asia to the World Jamboree at Mt. Makiling, were in terviewed at the Audio-Visual Center of the University last August 6. Fr. Richard Arens, S.V.D., Director of the Boys’ High School, introduced the two boy scouts before the big audience that jampacked the Audio-Visual Center. The boys, who had many interesting ex periences to tell about their hitchhiking adventure, which they had planned a year before, ‘‘to relieve us of the boredom of our office work”, hail from the city of Graz in Austria. They started hitchhiking in October, 1958, arriving in Manila during the first week of July, 1959. Atty. Arsenlo Villanueva LAW PROFESSOR LAUNCHES BID FOR LOCAL POST Atty. Arsenio C. Villanueva submitted his name to, and was nominated in, the Loyalist Bloc convention held last July 26 at the UV Coliseum as candidate for Prov incial Board Member. Atty. Villanueva was formerly Examiner of the Bureau of Civil Service in Manila, Assistant City Fiscal of Cebu, Assistant and later acting Provincial Fiscal of Cebu and First Vice-Mayor of the City of Cebu. He has been teaching in the University of San Carlos since 1939 when it was yet called Colegio de San Carlos. USC WRITERS CLUB REORGANIZED In a luncheon-meeting at the Avenue Restaurant last July 26, the USC Writers’ Guild, brainchild of the late Cornel io Faigao, was reactivated by the remaining members. Among the activities which the Guild has decided to undertake are the publication of a magazine, the holding of convocations on literature and journalism, which will be open to the general public, and regular o o sessions in which the latest works of the members will be discussed and criticized. The club is exclusive and its member ship is limited. Presently, the members are Sixto LI. Abao, Jr., B.C. Cabanatan, Junne Cahizares, Manuel S. Go, Nelson Larosa, Demetrio Maglalang, A mor solo Manligas and Francisco Robles. GENERAL STUDENTS SLATE LITERARY TILT The second year General students spon sored last September a university-wide lit erary contest. The contest featured three divisions: short story, essay and poetry. Cash prizes amounting to P300.00 were at stake. Mr. Demetrio Maglalang, adviser of the class, received the kudos of everybody for the novel undertaking. USC BLUE ARMY MOBILIZED The Legion of Mary of the University of San Carlos is recruiting members for the Blue Army of Our Lady, which has been organized to proclaim and fulfill the mes sage of the Blessed Virgin at Fatima. The Blue Army’s precise objective is the conversion of the people of the USSR and thus the removal of the danger of war. The members of the Blue Army pledge to fulfill the Blessed Virgin’s conditions for peace, namely, the daily saying of the rosary, the wearing of the brown scapular, and the offering of sacrifices which con sist in the fulfillment of their daily du ties in reparation for sins. The signatures of those who take this pledge will be microfilmed and sent to the shrine of Fatima in Portugal. A LAW FRATERNITY IS BORN As a sort of crystal ization and material ization of the long pent-up desire of most of the College of Law people to create a strongly cohesive and homogeneous organ ization, the SIGMA SIGMA PHI (Sword and Scale Fraternity) was born. The place was Jenny’s. The time, 7:30 on a Satur day evening. The occasion was marked by seriousness and solemnity. The Fraternity elected the following of ficers: Most Exalted Brother, Froilan Qui jano; Exalted Brother, Enrique Alvarez; Brother Keeper of the Records, Macario Balansag; Brother Keeper of the Purse, Augusto Go; Comptroller, Steve Fadullon; and Brother Herald, Marcial Rubia. Froilan Quijano Page 30 THE CAROLINIAN NEWS The fraternity then proceeded to draft its constitution for its first project. A committee was formed. On the evening of August 22nd, the body formally ratified the constitution after a most enlightening exchange of ideas. Truly, the constitution is an outstanding piece of intellectual creation expressing the sentiments of a truly democratic group. FOREIGN LUMINARIES FIGURE IN USC'S FORTNIGHTLY LECTURES A Trench professor and a member of the American Consulate in Cebu were recently guests of the University of San Carlos in separate convocations on educational and scientific subjects held fortnightly. Professor Charles Moraze, a SEATO lec turer, spoke at USC’s Audio-Visual Hall on “The Influence of the Far East in the History of European Cultures”. Professor Moraze hails from Faris. After studies in Germany and England, Professor Moraze obtained his doctorate at the University of Paris. From 1938 to 1942, he was a pensionado of the Thiers Foundation. After receiving the “Croix de Guerre” (a military award) in 1944, he became Director of Studies at the School of Higher Studies. Glen H. Fisher of the American Consu late in Cebu spoke on “Understanding a Foreign Culture”. Fisher is a sociologist and cultural an thropologist. He took his doctorate at the University of North Carolina in 1952. He spent three years in Mexico to write about community development in that country. He was then a professor at the State De partment, Foreign Service Institute, after which he entered the Foreign Service and was first assigned to Venezuela and of late to Cebu City. USC ART ASSOCIATION FORMED An art association designed to promote art consciousness in the university campus was organized last August 22, 1959. Prof. Julian Jumalon of the Dept, of Architec ture and Dr. Felix Savellon, president of the Cebu Art Association, supervised the meeting. Amorsolo Manligas, a senior ar chitecture student and currently staff mem ber of the Carolinian, was picked president of the newly-formed association. Other of ficers elected are: Teodoro LI. Alcuitas, Vice President; Melva Rodriguez, Secreta ry; Amelia Cabrera, Treasurer; Flora JuAmorsolo Manligas mapao and Ismael Sala, Auditors. In its effort to promote art conscious ness on the campus, the association will sponsor convocations and art exhibits in the very near future. Regular field trips for outdoor sketching is being planned as a means of developing the talents of its members. Prof. Jumalon and Dr. Savellon will serve as advisers of the association. USC LEGAL AID BUREAU SPONSORS CONVOCATION As part of its public service program, the USC Legal Aid Bureau, an exclusive organization of the College of Law, design ed to aid students of the University in resolving their legal problems, sponsored a series of convocations on the various le gal provisions on matters of general inter est, to which the general public was wel come. The first convocation dealt on the law provisions on marriage; the second, on pa ternity and filiation; and the third, on election laws. An open forum was held after each lec ture, during which the different speakers were practically roasted by a keenly in terested audience, which jampacked the Audio-Visual Center to its full capacity. Atty. Cesar Kintanar, adviser of the Bu reau, and Dean Fulvio C. Pelaez of the College of Law, were congratulated for an auspicious feat that the bureau has to its credit. Atty. Mario D. Ortli ORTIZ RUNS FOR COUNCILOR Atty. Mario Ortiz, Faculty member of the College of Commerce and adviser of the Law Debating club, has definitely de cided to enter the local political arena by running for councilor of the City of Cebu under the Osmena-Cuenco fusion. Atty. Ortiz hails from Sibonga, Cebu. He finished his Elementary course in only 5 years having been accelerated twice. He spent his high school and early college days at the then Colegio de San Carlos. Even in his student days, Atty. Ortiz displayed remarkable leadership. He was an actor, military man, orator, debater, scholar and writer. Atty. Ortiz finished his law course at UST in 1947 and passed the BAR given in the same year with an average of 80.05%. Thereafter, he worked as news paperman, radio announcer and instructor of the College of Law of the University. Ever since he was connected with the University, Atty. Ortiz has been producing prize-winning orators and debaters. Presently, Atty. Ortiz is Secretary to the Mayor of Cebu City. Married to the form er Miss Julita Villacorta, UP Scholar and beauty, they have 3 sons yet, Reynaldo, Danilo and Perome. j Adelino B. Sitoy SITOY WINS COUNCIL PRESIDENCY Adelino B. Sitoy, standard bearer of the Carolinian Youth Party, led his team to a smashing victory over the Student Youth and the United Students parties in the Supreme Student Council elections held last August 1. Sitoy practically swept the polls, beat ing his two opponents in the persons of Anthony Sian of the United Students Par ty and Roberto Rosales of the Student Youth Party, 1996-511-483, respectively. Except for the College of Engineering, bailiwick of Tony Sian, where he lost by 61 votes, Sitoy carried all colleges. In the College of Commerce, where Bob Rosales was expected to garner a comfort able majority, being a student of that col lege and Grand Akan of the reputedly powerful Alpha Kappa fraternity, Sitoy won by a margin of 131 votes. Elected along with Mr. Sitoy were: Jesus Alcordo, vice president; Miss Lorna Ro driguez, secretary; Miss Teresita Verga ra, treasurer; B. C. Cabanatan, auditor; and Filemon Fernandez, press relations of ficer. Except for Miss Vergara, who belongs to the Student Youth Party, all the officers-elect belong to the CYP. In the congressional race, mostly CYPers came out victorious. USC GRADUATES PASS CHEMISTRY BOARD EXAMS 100% The University of San Carlos recently added another feather to its befeathered cap when it made a 100% passing record in the latest board examinations for chem ists. The successful examinees are as fol lows: Mr. Gervasio Riconalla .. 80.37% Mr. Temistocles Bontuyan 78.95% Miss Pacita Teves .......... 76% ELEVATOR FOR USC Another novel addition to USC’s facilities is the new passenger elevator installed at the left wing of the Administration build ing. Acquired from the States, the elevator arrived here in the middle of August. It took six weeks to install it in the concrete shaft, ft SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 31 The Rooters Moran lays up, Martinez ducks. .. Sporty The Intramurals • by GEORGE BARCENILLA THE 1959 USC Intramural Basketball series reeled off last July 17, at the Uni versity basketball court with Very Rev erend Father Rector tossing the first ball. Seven teams, three more than at last year's intrams participated: Civil-Archi tecture-Surveying, Chemical-ElectricalMechanical of the College of Engineer ing; Accounting, Business-Finance-Managemenf of the College of Commerce; Arts, Sciences of the College of Liberal Arts; and the defending champion, the College In the opening encounter the CEM "Engineers" ripped the hapless "Barrist ers" who were suffering from inaugural day jitters, 46-37. The lead changed hands several times during the first can to. But with the taller "Engineers" con trolling the backboards and diminutive Jakosalem making deadly incursions in side the keyhole area. Coach Jess Bertulfo's "Lawyers" finally succumbed to the CEM combine. Half-time score was On tlii$ 20-17 for the Engineers. However, it was later discovered that an ineligible stud ent had played with the CEM team and the Law team was proclaimed winner by the Athletic Moderator. The luckless CEM "Engineers" suffered their "second" setback at the hands of Business-Finance by a close call 45-47. Despite "tiny" Jakosalem's 34 point binge, the highest for the season so far, the CEM cause came to naught when "Busi nessmen" F. Rodriguez, Roma and Causing joined hands in saving the day for the Business-Finance combo. Jakosalem with the able assistance of Tiro slugged it out with second Commerce team in the last s half with a rally but timely sallies of Rodriguez and Roma kept the "Business men" on fop by two for win number one. Law, in their second appearance, shak ing off their inaugural day jitters, finally made its first "win" nosing out Arts, 47-45, after trailing by 5 points in the first half. After the second canto. Bar risters Veloso, Mediano and Alerre, finally finding their bearing turned on the heat in the final period and carried the Law team to safety. Lucas and Martinez star red for the losers registering double figures 20 and 13 respectively. The Accounting team, with skipper Ro berto "Totoy" Rosales directing the as sault, made an impressive debut by drub bing the CAS contingent, 61-57. The "Ac countants" started slow but finished fast with plenty of room to spare. The former intramural champions, revealing the form which made them the lord during past intramurals, served notice to the Barrist ers that they are the team to reckon with. Sharp-eyed Chito Trinidad with able assistance from Cesar Moran and skipper Rosales tallied 17 points for the day's high scoring honor. The second Liberal Arts team, the Science combo made a good start, lock ing horns with Business-Finance, 48-46 for the Sciences' first win. Sciencemen Sehido, Alve and Cunanan were good for 33 points between them. Business-Finance long shooting ace, Rodriguez, muzzled by Sciences' sentinels was good only for 9 The Arts team finally reaching their peak after sluggish past performances, steamrollered the CEM "Engineers", 6347. Artsmen Martinez and the shifty Lu cas took turns in puncturing CEM's basket despite the man-to-man guarding of the "Engineers". The CEM, this time, switched to the zone with two men stick ing on Lucas and Martinez. Artsman Longakit, free from the Engineer's sackles, made if more for the CEMs, taking the show from teammates Martinez and Lucas, for a 16 pt. bubble, 63-47. "Eng ineer" Tan salvaged the CEM crew by posting 12 points while CEM ace Jako salem bottled by bulky Martinez was limited to a measly 5 points. The CAS aggrupation, the "heir ap parent" to the intramural throne, made basketball history in USC's "little league", scoring 69 points against Business-Fi nance's 42. The bamboozled "Business men" who never recovered right from the start tried to match the fast pace of the Builders to no avail. With Builders Kuizon, Mansing and Magallanes almost storing at will, the "Businessmen" all but gave up for a final 69-42 count. Half-time score was 34-19 for the Builders. After three consecutive losses, the CEM team finally hugged the win column by turning back a stubborn pack of Science men 61-56. Tiny Jakosalem literally went to town with his sneak-ins and long toms posting 18 points. When Jakosalem had a respite, "Engineer" Tiro took the cud gels for a restive Jakosalem with his undergoal sorties. The high scoring CAS eagers again did it this time against the outhit Arts. The Builders running loose with fast breaks turned the cards of the Artsmen 67-61. (Continued on page 29) Page 32 THE CAROLINIAN The CCAA The 11th postwar version of Cebu's premier cage loop—the CCAA finally got underway July 19, 1959 at the UV gym. A new cage team, the Cebu Tech nical School, replaced the University of Southern Philippines Panthers who could not put up and form a basketball crew. Eight teams—USC. UV. CIT, CSJ, SWC, CTS, CNS and CSAT were divided into brackets with USC. CIT. CTS, & CNS on group A and UV. CSJ, SWC, & CSAT on group B. USC, the defending champions, as expected came out unscathed in their group with a 3-0 card, taming CIT Wild cats, 89-68, slaughtering the CNS Maest ros, 111-71, turning back the CTS Elect rons, 102-70. After so-so inaugural ceremonies which did not augur well for Cebu's cage cog noscenti, the loop got to a slam-bang start with favorites ruling the day's hostilities. Without fanfare, minus the gimmicks used by CCAA's counterparts in the big city and without any "Mutt and Jeff" combination to speak of, the USC Warriors received a rousing welcome roar when they took the floor against a formidable pack of CIT Wildcats for the night's stellar attraction. • by RODOLFO JUSTINIANI USC TAMES CIT, 89-68 The squad entered the floor a favorite to knock the daylights out of the Wild cats. Some CIT cage fanatics hollered for an upset especially in view of the absence of court tactician Danny Deen and power rebounder Peping Rogado, last year's two standouts. But the USC Warriors just didn't give way. Right from the start, the USC squad, powered by the one-two punch of Julian "The Hands" Macoy and fireball Esmer Abejo, knocked the props off the Wild cats for an easy coasting 35-26. At the start of the second canto, the change of uniform of the Wildcats to all maroon didn't help any as the USC jug gernaut continued to roll like a welloiled machine. Macoy jumping, a Reynes feint, an Abejo feed, a Palmares hook, with dela Crux controlling the backboards the Wildcasf were buried for good, 79-61, time down to 3'30". Two successive thrusts by Macoy on a Palmares assist and an Abella infraction widened the gap to 83-61. Sentinel Abella countered with a heave from quarter court, for 83-63. Second stringer Tomas Aguirre entered the fray and he and Pal Sports mares handled the show with feeble op position from Wildcats Escario and Fer nandez for a final 89-68 count. Victory number one for USC! USC SLAUGHTERED CNS, 111-71 For their second encounter, the USC Warriors traded court savvy with CNS Maestros, slaughtering them 111-71. If it was not Galdo, it was Macoy. if it was not Macoy, it was Reynes! Like the ubiquitous mushrooms after a day's rain the USC quintet were all over the floor running rings around the helpless Maestros who were glued to the floor. Using the "go-go" brand of court acro batics reminiscent of the famous Blue Eagles of Loyola Heights, the USC War riors never fagged out until buzzer time. Bench mentor Dodong Aquino applying the "platoon style" in order to have a fresh crew in every minute of the fracas lead. The half ended 57-31 for USC. After three minutes of the second period, USC was up by thirty points, 67-37. Nine minutes later if was by thirty-four points, 85-51. Substituting the "short fast fives" of Reynes, Galdo, Bas, Abejo and dela Cruz for the taller but slower Pizarros and Cahizares, the lead the USC Warriors gobbled up eighteen (Continued on pa,/,- 2!») i<l< * of fiportsdoin by lliuhi Justiniani and Georye Rarcenilla W A11 Ulf Ills 10^0 611 Left right, kneeling: Manuel Bas, Reynaldo de la Cruz (Captain), Roberto Reynes, Esmeraldo Abejo (Co-captain). Edgardo Galdo. — Standing: George Barcenilla (C-Sportswriter), Narciso Monceda, Tomas Aguirre. Dionisio Jakosalem II, Carmelita Rodriguez (Muse of the Team), Rev. Fr. Lawrence Bunzel, SVD (Athletic Moderator), Juan Aquino, Jr. (Coach), Isidoro Cahizares, Maximo Pizarros, Julian Macoy. Not in the picture were Patricio Palmares, Ben Reyes and Honore Rama. kotc IIIITL /^efietiis THE THREE STARS have been lost. Unceremoniously. Ignominiously. They were lost not because we no longer had Anaclcto “Star" Garcia, nor because we no longer had “diehards” in the Corps. They were lost because we had men at the helm of the Corps whose passion for glamour by far sur passed their desire to learn anything to such an extent that it almost became an incurable mania. Now it can be told. “How could the Corps learn anything when the officers were more concerned about rehearsing and rehearsing the parade and review than about anything else? It seemed as if parades were all ROTC was for!” Captain Aquino fumingly explained. Three stars, which many had sweated it out to retain, were lost because a few had the “magnificent obsession” of glo rifying their egos through constant pa rades and reviews. But if we lost the three stars last year, this year they are going to be buried. “The officers this year are not only glamour-seeking. Most of them are irreparably irresponsible. You tell them to do anything. They’ll bungle it.” Captain Aquino added. “That’s why we have decided to re screen our officers. Anybody found by the screening committee to be ineffi cient, will be dropped from the Corps.” “They have complained I don’t back them up in implementing discipline on the cadets. It is because I personally do not like their means of implementing discipline.” “My theory has always been that man as a rational animal knows his du ties and responsibilities. My policy has always been in favor of persuasive ra ther than coercive discipline. I have faith in the sense of honor of man.” “I admit the Corps is lousy. Its size and the limited three hours of Saturday drill cannot enable the three of us, Sgt. Modcquillo, Sgt. Papellero and myself to supervise everybody. To remedy this, we are planning to hold Sunday drill for one battalion by rotation. That way, al) three of us can concentrate all our at tention on everybody. I cannot count on my cadet officers for assistance. We hope Father Rector approves of the plan.” “But, Sir,” we dared to raise a pro test, “aren’t the officers briefed every Saturday morning to prepare them for the afternoon drill?” “Saturday briefing? Ha! That’s a joke. All the officers do have is sword drill. The Corps Commander and the Battalion Commanders do not even pre pare a schedule of instruction for these Saturday briefing. That’s why all they do is conduct sword drills.” “How about the tactical officers?” “We cannot rely much on them. They do not come here often.” “How about the cadets, Sir? We heard they’re getting onionskinned now adays.” “Yeah, they have become wise and sensitive. You pat them on the back and you get sued for physical injuries. We don’t really mind facing court ac tion. But then, it will cause a lot of adverse publicity for the school. We do not like that. Besides, politics is bound to come in too. There are just too ma ny politicians in the Philippines today for our comfort.” With that we ended the discussion on the darker side of the DMST. It would seem now that everybody is partly to blame. The cadet officers, or at least most of them, just do not know their responsibilities. On the other hand, the cadets do not seem to realize that in military life the rule is: Obey first, before you complain. Everybody must realize that in any organization, each and every member has a share to perform; that to the good of the body as a whole, individual in terest must be subordinate. The Bingo bug has got into the USC ROTC Corps. Last August 16, the ca dets spent half of their supposed whole drill day marking Bingo cards, hop ing that the number would turn into 1-250. Meanwhile, rumors were rife that there is a move to abolish the Field Ar tillery Unit in every ROTC Corps. The rumors have so far been unconfirmed. It was beauties galore at the parade grounds at Camp Lapulapu, Lahug last August 30, 1959. The occasion was the presentation of sponsors of the USC ROTC Unit at 4:00 o’clock in the after noon, followed by an evening parade and culminated by a cocktail party. The following are some of the cadette sponsors: Miss Melinda Rubi, Corps Sponsor; Miss Carina Dorotheo, Corps Sweetheart; Miss Emma Valen zuela, Supreme Sword Fraternity Sweet heart; Miss Teresita Vergara, 1st Bat talion Sponsor; Miss Ruthilla Mendoza, 2nd Battalion Sponsor; Miss Delia Honrado, 3rd Battalion Sponsor; Miss Papelina Borja, 1st Battalion Sweetheart; Miss Lydia Manuel, 2nd Battalion Sweetheart; Miss Sonia Galan, Senior Sword Fraternity Sweetheart; Miss El ma Salvador, Junior Sword Fraternity Sweetheart; Miss Concepcion Cabatingan, 1st Bn. Adj. & S-3; Miss Salvacion Abella, 2nd Bn. Adj. & S-3; and Miss Eva Regis, 3rd Bn. Adj. & S-3. j MERRY MIX-UP (Continued from page 24) of it, because I learned that man, since the fall of Adam, has been subject to commission of errors and omissions. I am kind and forgiving too. I always ap ply the golden rule. If I commit any mistakes, I am ready and willing to for give my parents or my teachers (as the case may be). For, after all "to ear is human; to forgive is the vine” as Sake sphere, the great historian, says, jf * IVSIOE ★ ★ byC.L. SALERA The Sword Fraternity under the com * mand of Cdt. Col. Bendanillo decided to raise funds by sponsoring a Bingo game, the proceeds of which went for expenses like sponsors' pins, officers' balls and other social affairs. 1500 hour, 16 August 1959, was the D-day. The officers' Clubhouse at Camp Lapulapu was crowded with cadets. The game was highlighted by the presence of our beloved Commandant, his wife, his daughter, Miss Leonor Borromeo, Corps Sponsor Matron, and her "Fair Maidens”. Congratulations to the lucky win ners, particularly to Miss Eva Regis for winning fifty pesos in the "Junior Black-Out Bingo". The affair was a success. We are deeply indebted to our Commandant who gave us the permission to use the Officers' Clubhouse and to Mrs. Aqui no for her management of the distri bution of prizes. We extend our heart felt thanks to you. Sir, and we hope we will have more of your benevo lence. Orders are orders, so, we've got to follow them. The DMST office received a "love letter" from the Third Mili tary Area Headquarters ordering that cadets "must wear boots". There's a rumor that the Field Ar tillery unit in this University will be dissolved. The FA advanced cadets are still hopeful that their branch of service will not be dropped. The truth is that it is exceedingly hard for these people to change their minds from howitzers to Ml's. 1500 hours. 9 August 1959, the "big four". Cdt. Col. Bendanillo. Cdt. Lt. Cols. Broiiola, Solera and Escober, re presented the USC ROTC unit in the Supreme Sword Fraternity election of officers held at the CIT skyroom. The Supreme Commandership went to USP while USC got the purse. The cadet non-commissioned officers of the three battalions formed their res pective Chevron Fraternities and elected their officers. The purpose: unity, teamwork and esprit de corps. The presentation of sponsors took place on 30 August 1959. An evening parade and review was held at the Camp Lapulapu drill grounds. After the ceremonies, the invited guests were treated to a cocktail party. Cdtte. Col. Melinda Rubi is the Corps Sponsor this year. Cdtte. Lt. Col. Teresita Vergara was designated 1st "Spearhead" Battalion sponsor; Cdtte. Lt. Col. Ruthilla Mendoza, 2nd "Spitfire" Battalion sponsor; Cdtte. Lt. Col. Delia Honrado, 3rd "Leather necks" Battalion sponsor. Cdtte. Lt. Col. Carina Dorotheo is the Corps Sweetheart. One of the problems of the cadet corps this year is the lack of materials for instructional purposes. Everybody needs poopsheets. The second year advanced cadets would like to take something with them as souvenirs of cadet life, not only for sentimental reasons but also for purposes of the probationary training. The cadet corps hopes, therefore, that the people concerned will take note of this. j Page 34 THE CAROLINIAN (Luttuza ^spaiiolLa inas • por ABRAHAM LUCERO JLa. ^ns&iianza 2e. tos /DdtvulLos • por Ma. LUZ MESSA ESPAAA es quiias la unica naciin que de la mezcla de su cultura primitlva con la de otras naciones o pueblos que se establecieron en la peninsula Ibhrica consiguih crear una culfura peculiar, que mds tarde derramd a monos llenas en las nuevas tierras descubiertas por sus grandes navegantes y colonizadas por sus valientes capitanes. La civilizacidn occidental, mezcla de las civilizaciones antiguas de Grecia, Roma y Cdrtago, se origind en Espana y esta nacidn cred otras naciones a las que ensend las artes del comercio y la industria de los fenlcios, las ciencias y las artes pldsticas de los griegos, las artes de la guerra de los cartaglneses, y las de organ!zacidn y gobierno de los romanos. Y por si esto fuera poco, Espana fue cristianizada por el Apostol Santiago el Mayor que propagd la doctrina de Cristo en muy buen terreno haciendo de Espana una nacidn cristiana antes que a otros pueblos de su dpoca, y a ella cupo tambien el gran honor de instruir en la doctrina de Cristo a los habitantes de las nuevas tierras descubiertas. A Filipinos llegaron los espaholes en la dpoca de mayor esplendor de la civili zacidn espanola, y su establecimiento y dominacidn en el archlpidlago nos trajeron gran beneficio. Primero con su idea de unidad nacional procuraron la paz entre los pequenos esfados del pais, que vivian separados e Independientes, coda uno de ellos gobernado por un jefe o "datu". Conqulstados estos pequenos estados por las armas o por tratados y compromises los pusieron bajo un sistema ordenado de gobierno, cuya maquinaria administrativa estaba centralizada y manejada por un gobernador general, representante del rey y su gobierno, que se llamo primero "Adelantado", luego "Virrey" y mas tarde Gobernador. Los primeros colonizadores espaholes de Filipinos encontraron una civilizacidn incipiente con base moral como osi Io reconocieron en la publicacidn de "Los Sucesos de las Islas Filipinos" (Mexico 16091 por Morga, probandolo con la mencidn del ''Codigo de Kalantiaw" cuya promulgacidn se fija en el aho 1433, en el cual se ponia en gran estima a la mujer y crimenes contra ella eran castigados con la pena de muerte o esclavitud. Debido a esta base moral los misioneros espaholes no en contraron gran dificultad en cristianizar a los filipinos, y al mismo tiempo que la doctrina de Cristo les ensenaron les mas adelantados mdtodos de cultivo y aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales del pais, de acuerdo con Io mejor de aquella dpoca. Con la ayuda de inteligentes filipinos y de artesanos espaholes la cultura espanola se fue extendiendo rdpidamente; el filipino aprendid nuevos mdtodos de construccidn para sus viviendas, cubrir con decencia y con mejores telas sus cuerpos, y a construir caminos mejores que facilitaban los viajes y el intercambid comercial. La culfura espanola nos trajo el conocimiento del alfabeto latino, el idioma espanol como lenguaje oficial y unificador, en lugar de los numerosos dialectos de las diferentes regiones de Filipinos, sin destruirlos, al contrario, fomentandolos y beneficiandolos con nuevas palabras y ordenandolos en elementales formas de gramdtica. Construyeron Iglesias, hospitales y asilos; establecieron escuelas, colegios y universidades, poniendo al frente de las mismas personas de gran cultura y honradez; on la organizacidn administrativa fueron creando nuevas alcaldias y fundaron las audiencias construyendo nuevas ciudades y pueblos. La administracidn de justicia fue basada en los Cddigos Espaholes y hoy dia el sistema judicial de Filipinos estd firmemente apoyado en aquellos. Todo esto es el legado cultural que recibid Filipinos de Espana, y con hl nos dejd la obligacidn de extender la cultura occidental en Oriente y el honor de ser la primera y unica nacion cristiana en esta remotas regiones del Pacifico, cuya fe cristiana debemos propagar imitando a los colonizadores espaholes cuyo primer acto al descubrir un nuevo territorio era ponerlo bajo el signo de la Cruz e inmedlatamente predicar la doctrina de Cristo. # SECCION CASTELLANA fctr^NSESAD a las Naciones”, nos dice el Divino Maestro. Si; cnsenar, no a los que ya estan instruidos si no a los deseosos de aprender. iQuienes son los que tienen deseos de aprender?. En mi concepto del deseo de aprender, creo quo los que mas lo demuestran son los ninos pequenos, esos chiquitines envoltorios de carne llenos de alegria y de afan de aprender desdc que empiezan a mirar sorprendidos sus pequenas manitas, y poco a poco van descubriendo el pequeno mundo de su cunita. Ante tan manifiesto deseo de apren der de los pequeiiuelos no puede uno dejarles seguir sus instintos solamcnte, hay que pensar en encauzarlos, hacerles comprcnder la significacion de las cosas, pensando que estos peques de hoy han de ser los hombres de manana, los que quizas esten al frente de los destinos de una nacidn o del mundo; de ahi, mi opinion de que “Ensenad a las Naciones” como el Divino Maestro nos dice, equi vale a “Ensenad a los ninos”. Ellos son los fundadores de pueblos y naciones y el Divino Maestro los declard sus preferidos “Dejad que los ninos vengan a Mi”. Consecuenta con mi manera de pensar, pero no pudiendo esperar a que los ninos vengan a mi, me decidi a ir yo hacia los ninos y aqui me teneis metida entre un nutrido grupo de pequenos revoltosos, avidos de aprender y ademas poseidos del vertigo de la velocidad, no solo en el movimicnto, sino tambien en preguntar. No es cosa facil satisfacer la curiosidad de un niho, porque el cnseharle no scria dificil, lo dificil es como haccrlo de manera que cl niho no pierda su intcres en aprender, o para despertar esc interes en los que no lo tienen, o mejor dicho, que lo tienen en reposo. En mi primer dia de enschar a los parvulos que me fueron asignados, estc problema de iComo haccrlo?, y ique hacer? me tenia muy prcocupada, no tanto cl ;,que ha cer?, que equivalc a que enschar puesto que la maestra cncargada tenia que solucionarlo; cl como haccrlo, era mi gran dificultad. Viendo que habia que tomar una decision, me encomende mentalmcntc al Espiritu Santo mientras paseaba mi mirada por la variadisima coloccion de inocentes caritas, con los ojos muy abiertos mirandomc, como esperando algo de mi. Solo la vista de aquellas caritas creo JZa de Una got a de agua eae. Salpica en la rentanita que le da luz al altar. Tente siquiera un ratito, aunque para deseansar. }, Es que tienes mueha prisa y no puedes esperar? } Es que le aguarda la tierra para poder vida dar a las plantas que te aguardan? Paes vete, apresura ya que no muy lejos estan, ahi, debajo de esta rentana te espera un Undo rosal. Ma. Luz Mbs.sa que fue lo quo el Espiritu Santo me aconsejo, y me senti empujada hacia la solucion de mi problema; sin titubeo y sin miedo di las lecciones schaladas por la encargada, y al final de las clascs, a la salida, varies de mis pequenos discipulos me dijeror. “Adios” iluminando los expresion con sus sonrisas de angelitos rcvoltosos. Despues del primer dia, los demas pasaron uno tras otro como hojas de un calendario quo se arrancan y los ninos siguen viniendo a las clascs, con sus libros acuestas y en sus caritas la expresion del deseo de saber, por medio de las ensenanzas de sus macstras o maestros. Algunos maestros pensaran quo esto de enschar a ninos pequenos es tedioso, nero yo por mi expcricncia puedo decir que cuando se consigue que un discipulo lea o escriba de corrido una palabra de tres silabas, se experimenta una alegria tai, que no creo la tonga mayor un astronomo cuando descubre una nueva estrella. } SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1959 Page 35 BU KANG-LI WAY WAY • Maikling kuwento ni DALISAY SALGADO ABALANG-ABALA si Luz sa pagharap sa kanyang mga pauauhin. Mababakas sa kanyang mukha na siya’y maligayangmaligava. Matatamis na ngiti ang kanyang isinasalubong sa mga dumarating. "Ang salu-sa)o ay isang “Shower party” na handog sa kanva ng kanyang mga kaibigan alang-alang sa kanyang nalalapit na pakikipagisang dihdib kay Tony de Leon, batang-bata at makisig na tagapamahala ng isang katamtaman nguni’t matatag na samahan. Gabi na nang magsiuwi ang mga panauhin. Ang pagod ni Luz ay hindi alintana. Ibang-iba siya ngayon kaysa noong mga nakaraang buwan. Siya noon ay malungkutin, bihirang ngumiti, at kung ngumiti man, ay walang kislap ang kanyang mga mata. Si Luz ay likas na masayahin, nguni’t pinalungkot siya ng isang pangyayari..... Noong una, siva ay napakamasayahin, palabiro at mahiligin sa mga kasavahan. Hindi siya gaanong matalino at pangkaraniwan lamang ang kanvang kagandahan. Hindi siya gaanong maputi, ang ilong niya ay di-gaanong matangos, nguni’t ang kanyang mga mata ay parang niakikislap na hiyas, mapupungay at punong-puno ng damdamin. Nasa billing taon na siya sa kolehiyo nang makilala niya si Eddie. Ipinakilala ito sa kanya ng isang kaibigan, habang sila ay kumakain sa “can teen ” Nakisabay nang kumain si Eddie sa kanila, at dito nagsimula ang mabuting pagtitinginan nila ni Luz. Bawa’t labasan, himhintay ni Eddie si Luz, at naging linguhang panauhin niya si Eddie sa kanilang tahanan. Si Eddie av isang masipag at matalinong mag-aaral. Ang katalinuhan niva ay hindi pangkaraniwan. Madalas siyang maging pangulo ng iba’t ibang samahan sa paaralan dahilan sa kanyang mahusay na pangungulo at pamamahala. I.ubhang ikinararangal ni Luz si Eddie. Gavon na lamang ang kanyang kagalakan nang ito’y magtapat sa kanya. Napagkayarian nilang lumagay sa tahimik pagkatapos nila ng pagaaral. Si Eddie noon ay kumikita na, bagama’t kaunti nga lamang. Si Luz naman ay may inaasahang gawain pagkatapos ng kanyang pagaral. Madaling lumipas ang mga araw. Dumating ang araw ng pagtatapos. Lahat ay abala sa paghahanda. Sa kanilang “graduation ball’’ ipinagtapat hi Eddie na siya ay nahirang na "scholar” ng kani lang paaralan at ipadala sa Amcrika upang magdalubhasa. Magkahalor.g saya at lungkot ang nadama ni Luz. Saya, sapagka’t isang karangalan kay Eddie ang mahirang na “scholar”, at lungkot, sapagka’t sila ay magkakalayo at maantala ang kanilang mga balak. Palibhasa’y a'yaw ni Luz na maging hadlang sa pagtatamo ni Eddie ng tagumpay kaya hindi siya tumutol. Habang nasa Amerika si Eddie ay nagpatuloy si Luz ng pag-aaral. Madalas silang magsulatan, nguni’t dumating ang panahon na padalang ng padalang ang mga sulat ni Eddie. Naisip ni Luz na baka kaya maraining gawain si Eddie kaya hindi kaagad ito nakaliliham. Isang araw, tumanggap siya ng isang liham mula kay Eddie. Hindi siya nagkantututo sa pagbubukas niyon. Isang larawan at isang "clip ping” ang bumungad sa kanyang paningin. Nakalathala ang pakikipagisang-clibdib ni Eddie sa isa ring “scholar’* na Pilipina. Hindi niya nakuhang basahin pa ang kalakip na liham. Masaganan luha ang dunialoy sa kanyang mga mata. Yaong pangyayaring yaon ang naging Simula ng pagbabago ni Luz. Iniwasan na niya ang mga kasayahan at mga pagtitipon. Pati ang kanyang mga kaibigan ay iniwasan na rin niya. Datapwa’t sa kabila ng pagbabagong ito ay isang kaibigan ang naging matiyaga sa pakikitungo sa kanya. Kahit na kalimita’y tinatanggihan ni Luz ang kanyang mga tulong at paanyaya, si Tony ay hindi nawalan ng pagasa. Hindi nga naglaon at nahimok ni Tony si Luz na magsayang niuli at makihalubilo sa kanyang mga kaibigan. Natanto ni Luz 11a hindi siva dapat mabuhay sa piling ng kanyang kahapon. Paglipas ng araw ay naghahari ang dilim ng gabi, nguni’t pagkalipas ng gabi’y muling sumisikat ang araw. Gayon din ang buhay ng tao, may araw at may gabi, may kalungkutan at may kaligayahan. Lumipas ang maraming araw. Nanumbalik si Luz sa dating sarili. Masaya, palabiro at punong-puno ng buhay. Ang pagbabagong ito ay naganap sa tulong ni Tony. Tulad ng inaasahan ni Luz ay nagtapat ng niluloob si Tony. Batid niya ang kadakilaan ng puso ng lalaking ito kaya hindi siya natakot na umibig pang muli. Maagang-maagang nagising si Luz. Kay ganda ng bukang-liwaywav na bumungad sa kanyang paningin! Sa kaunaunahang pagkakalao'11 ay nadama niya ang lipos na kasayahan, isang damdaming hindi niya kayang maipaliwanag. Ang gabi ng kanyang buhay ay lumipas na at isang maningning na bukang-liwayway at bagong buhay ang kanyang haharapin. Isang bagong buhay sa piling ni Tony. Bantayog ng Kadakilaan • Tuwing ginugunita natin ang kadakilaan ng ating mga bayani ay nagugunita rin natin ang kalupitan at kabagsikan ng mga dayuhang lumupig at bumihag sa ating inang bayan, kalupitang at kabagsikang naging batayan ng madugong paghihimagsik upang matamo ang kalayaang ngayo'y ating tinatamasa na. Datapwa’t sa kabila ng kalupitan at kabagsikang yaon ay may busilak na kabutihang naidulot ang mga dayuhan, kabutihang natatanim sa puso ng bawa’t isang Pilipinong marunong tumanaw ng utang na loob. Kung hindi napadpad sa ating mga pasigan ang mga dayuhan, ay hindi sana nabuo ang bayang Pilipinas sa ilalim ng isang bandila. At lalo pang mahalaga, hindi sana naipunla sa puso't diwa ng sambayanang Pilipino ang kawagasan ng isang banal na pananampalataya — ang pananampalatayang Katolika. Maaaring hindi kaagad matatanggap ng balana na napakalaking bahagi ang naitulong ng Simbahang Katolika sa natamong kaunlaran ng Pilipinas. Sa pamamagitan ng mga paaralang itinatag nito sa iba’t ibang panig ng kapuluan sapul pa noong sakupin tayo ng mga Kastila, ay nabihisan ang Pilipinas ng isang bago at maunlad na kabihasnan. Hinubog tayo sa larangan ng paggawa, agham, paghahalaman at pagsasaka, pangangalakal at pagtuturo. Ipinunla sa ating mga puso ang kadalisayan ng kagandahang asal, pag-ibig at pagkilala sa iisang Diyos, pagmamahal sa kapwa, at pag-ibig sa inang bayan. Sa pamamagitan ng mga kabutihang ito ay namulat tayo, tumibay ang ating damdamin at nag-akalang humakbang ng sariling hakbang. At sa lilim ng ating bughaw na langit at malamlam na sikat ng araw ay isa-isang isinilang ang ating mga bayani. Sila ang nanguna sa pagtahak sa ga bi ng sigwa upang kalagin ang tanikalang gumagapos sa kamay ng inang bayan. Sa wakas ay nakalaya ang inang bayan, nahawi ang sigwa, at nagbukang liwayway. Ngayong malaya na tayo ay tingalain natin ang Simbahang Katolika bilang pagtanaw ng utang na loob. Tandaan ninyo balana, na sina Rizal, Mabini, Del Pilar, Bonifacio, Quezon atbp., ay pawang tu manggap ng karunungan sa mga paaralang Kato lika. Mula't sapul noong una, hanggang sa kasalukuyan ay patuloy sa paghubog sa kaisipan ng ma raming Pilipino ang mga paaralang Katolika sa iba’t ibang panig ng kapuluan. Ang bahaging ginampanan ng mga paaralang Katolika sa pagpapaunlad ng Pilipinas ay isang bantayog ng kadakilaan, na nauukit sa dibdib ng sambayanang Pilipino. $ — Teodoro Amparo Bay Page 36 THE CAROLINIAN THE MODERATOR Not so long ago somebody, whose name shall go unmentioned, wrote (it would seem, right here on this page too): "It can't be that amongst so many thousands of students there aren't a few dozen who want to write and know how to write". If Mr. Screwtape was around at the time those words wore being written, his face must have split all across in a grin of pure malicious joy. Because, truth to tell: It not only can be, it is so! There are neither a few, nor two, nor even one dozen — apart from the Carolinian staff — who want to write. Witness the literary contest, reported on elsewhere in this issue, which turned out a dismal flop. Witness the fact that in order to give a not too inadequate coverage on the subject of education, the staff had to fall back on one of Cardinal Newman's discourses on the "Idea of a University". Is it that our students just do not want to write! I am afraid the truth is worse: they do not know how to write. On the few, all too few, few, occasions where they try or are forced to do so, they helplessly flounder about in a morass of grammatical, nay even orthographic, blunders, they trip over the intricacies of English syntax, and get lost completely in the bewitched forest of English and American idiom. Many a student can see only one way out of this quandary: Some more or less skillful "editing" job on the work of another writer or writers, which may or may not be plagiarizing, but certainly is next kin to it. The complaint about the students' inability to write is not a new one. It has been ventilated many times; various remedies have been prescribed and tried, with no marked success. If I may venture an opinion, I believe there will be no lasting improvement until one of the root causes be effectively removed. This will call for a painful operation for some people, whose pet ideas will have to go by the board. No doubt, it would be a wonderful thing to have our college graduates write and speak not only very good English, but also equally good Spanish and Filipino language. But can it be done? If we allow the facts to speak for themselves, the answer turns out to be a resounding "no'.' And no wonder. With the limited time available for language learning — after all, the student has to pick up quite a few other pieces of knowledge besides — we are left with these alternatives: Either we spread our students' time and energy over three languages and let him achieve active literacy in none, or we concentrate on one and give him thereby an honest chance to become proficient in it. Proficiency, if not outright mastery, in the use of at least one language seems to me an essential goal of higher education. Right now it is the exceptional student, who leaves his Alma Mater with such proficiency, while the big crowd of graduates that pours from our colleges and universities every year do not know enough of any of the languages they had to study to write a presentable letter, let alone an article or a book. Is my picture of the situation too black? Maybe it is. I am ready to pull in my horns if and when I am effectively refuted. Yet I warn you fairly: No flood of arguments will do it, but a flood of well-written contributions to the Carolinian that will swamp the Editor's mailbox for the forthcoming issues might enduce me to revise my opinion, at least as far as the USC is concerned. Until that happens, I will stand my ground. 5^, S. 1/. Z>. PRAYER FOR CATHOLIC TEACHERS OW0RD INCARNATE, Teacher of teachers, our most ami able Jesus, You who deigned to come into the world to show men the way to heaven with Your infinite wisdom and inex haustible goodness, in Ybirr kindness hear the humble supplications of those who, following in Your footsteps, would be Catholic teach ers worthy of the name, showing to souls the sure paths that lead to You and through You to eternal happiness: Give us light, not only to avoid the snares and pitfalls of error> but also that we may penetrate truth, especially in those things where Your divine simplicity is reflected, so that we may acquire that light of clarity in which that which is the most essential becomes the most simple, and therefore the most adapted to the intelligence even of children. Visit us with the help of Your creative spirit, so that we may be able to teach the doctrines of the faith properly, as we have received the mandate to do. Give us virtue, that we may adapt ourselves to the yet imma ture minds of those who follow us, to encourage their fresh and beautiful energies, to understand their defects and to support their restlessness, Give us the grace to make ourselves small without abandoning our position of duty, in imitation of You, 0 Lord, who made Yourself as one of us without leaving the most high throne of Your Divinity. But above all, fill us with Your spirit of love: Love for You, only and good Master, that we may immolate ourselves in Your ho ly service; love for our profession, that we may see it as a most noble vocation and not as a common employment; love for our sanctifica tion, as the principal source of our labor and our apostolate; love for truth, so that we may never deliberately depart fromjj souls, which we must mold and model to the true and for our students, to make them exemplary citizen| sons of the Church; love for our beloved youth and true paternal feeling, more elevated, more conscious, in its natural simplicity. And you, Most Holy Mother, under whose loving Jesus grew in wisdom and grace, be our intercesst Divine Son, and obtain for us the abundance of heav the end that our work may redound to His honor I with the Father and the Holy Spirit, lives and reign ever. Amen. love for Ke good; love and faithful by POPE PIUS XII >)■< I cadi School, 1916 0