The Carolinian

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Part of The Carolinian

Title: The Carolinian
Issue Date: Volume XXVII (Issue No. 5) Summer Issue 1964
Year: 1964
Language: English
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extracted text: Summer Issue 1964 To The Staff (Teaching, Administrative, And Maintenance) And Student Body Of The University of San Carlos My dear Friends, Allow me to bid you farewell for one year. In the past four years, 1 found my work here at the University of San Carlos heavy but extremely pleasant. It has been not only an honor but a deep pleasure to have worked with all of you. I look upon this as a singular grace that God has granted to me. Now my term as Rector has come to an end. I have permission from my Superiors to take home leave. I say “home leave" because I have no plans other than to return to San Carlos and carry on as a member of the teaching staff only. I plan to leave Manila this coming May 5 for my home, Chicagoland, where I will visit my sisters and their families and my brother who is a priest. I will travel by way of London, England, where I plan to do some paleonto logical research. This will take me, I presume, from three to six months, af ter which I will fly to Chicago. I have also arranged my return trip over the Pacific to the Philippines which will take place in the summer of 1965. I am anxious to do this research at the University of London which should have been done 15 years ago. I also like to visit my relatives. Aside from this, I have no desire to leave the Phil ippines. In fact I will miss the Philippines and all of you people very much during my absence. You may be sure that I shall remember you in my daily masses and prayers and ask you to do the same for me. Yours in Christ, HAROLD W. RIGNEY, S.V.D. Rector £ditolial LORNA B. RODRIGUEZ Editor-in-Chief GEMMA RACOMMA literary LOURDES HERMIAS and ROGER PENALOSA features MARCIANO APARTE JR. BATAAN FAIGAO BAYANI LAGAC staff writers FLORA C. DEL CASTILLO typist MRS. ESPERANZA V. MANUEL adviser REV. LUIS E. SCHON FELD, S.V.D. moderator Official Publication of the University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines Ik CAROLINIAN Re-entered as Second-Class Matter at the Post Office at Cebu City on June 22, 19G2. Volume XXVII______________ Number 5 Editorial: MATURITY is a term very much in vogue. One speaks of “mature faith”, of “mature Christianity”, of “mature politics”, of “mature youth”. These are words impregnated with deep meaning which, unfortunately, become fashionable, and because of becoming worn out, they turn cheap. The term maturity is relative. By joining it to youth, it would seem to be a contradiction, because youth is deemed to be more on the road towards, rather than in possession of, maturity. On the other hand, youth is a concept laden with dynamism, because one can’t acquire maturity once and for all, as one holds on to one’s twenty years after having attained them. Of course, one may perhaps speak of a mature attitude, which, like everything else human, has its ups and downs, its ascents and descents. Furthermore, it is imperative to differentiate terms which may often become confusing. Maturity doesn’t mean solemnity, which is stubborness and lack of spontaneity; maturity isn’t always an act of doing good, nor is it the possession — genuine at times — of a scheme which we believe to be truly capable of solving all problems. Far from it. There is maturity in the doubts of those who know and understand that the truth has an infinite variety of sides which are impossible to hold together all at once. Maturity means to think and to figure out that one’s opinion isn’t the only criterion of forming judgment. Maturity means “yes” when one is certain that he can fulfill his promise or engagement, and to say “no” without flinching when a deed would imply treason to oneself. Maturity is an aim that is always on the receding end which one will never fully attain, but for which one must always struggle, without letup. And with this suppositum, we, too, wish our readers an authentic maturity. $ THE CAROLINIAN Page 1 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 “In nomine Patris...-’ the outgoing Rector administers the Holy Sacrament of Baptism. exit A DAY TO REMEMBER; May 5, 1964.. . the fifth rector of the Uni versity of San Carlos is gone. Some 6,000 Carolinians and many a thou sand poor people of Cebu have lost one of the noblest ambassadors of God! Rev. Fr. Harold William Rigney entered office as Rector of the USC on February 27,1960. He joined the Divine Word Missionaries at Techny, Illinois in August, 1918 and was ordained a priest in the same semi nary on April 19, 1930 by the Most Reverend George Weig, SVD, Bishop of Tsingtao, China. If there have been any significant years in A Send-off party tendered by members of the San Carlos Center in honor of the founder. the life of this man, it could have been those between the years 19511955, and 1960-1964. The month was July, the date was the 25th and the year was 1955—it was quite clear. He was taking a noonday nap when the dragging of heavy feet outside his cabin dis turbed him from his slumber. And when he rose to see who were there, he knew immediately that the time of his arrest had come. Fr. Rigney, the last American “imperialist-missionary” in Peking had waited thus for two and a half years since the Communist Govern ment took over Peking in February, 1949. Thus, his life-adventure in side the enemy camp began. He was accused of being an imperialist agent from Washington to take over the German Gestapo of East Asia; that he was to set up a Tito govern ment in Asia; that he resisted the People’s Revolution. Of which, of course, Fr. Rigney had never the least intention. He was given a courtroom trial that lasted for three years and two months. And many times during his trials, the judges, who were mer ciless young men, would pound the table, curse him, abuse him physi cally, threaten to shoot him, or tor ture him. When he refused to fol low their wishes, the accusers ap plied rough, sharp-edged, rusty and filthy, wide iron rings that were fastened tightly about his wrists, joining his arms and hands behind his back. This cruel punishment re sulted in swollen arms and hands. The handcuffs became imbedded in the swollen flesh. Mealtime was another version of communist initiation. He ate his food in a kneeling position with his hands cuffed behind his back. This however, was not, the least of the inconveniences and mortifications he endured in the course of an or dinary punitive routine. In the summer of 1954, Fr. Rig ney was taken to a labor camp where he worked in a match factory. After ten months he was returned to the first prison and placed in solitary confinement. To be alone was a great relief. He was given rice daily and some money which some friends in the United States had sent him. With this amount he was able to buy a pint of milk and two raw eggs. He also received some food which had come through the Red Cross. Came September 11, 1955. An officer came into his cell and took him before a judge who after a few minutes said, “I declare you re leased.” Then he was taken back to his cell to get his few belongings. THE CAROLINIAN Page 2 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 bif TZoge&io k=A. /Dena^osa "In the past four years, I found my work here at the University of San Carlos heavy but extremely pleasant. It has been not only an honor but a deep pleasure to have worked with all of you. I look upon this as a singular grace that God has granted to me." ★ ★ ★ ★ Before he knew it, he was inside a comfortable room in a Peking hotel. It was a memorable moment. For the first time since his incarcera tion he was able to recite his bre viary, say his rosary on beads in stead of on his fingers as he had done inside his prison cell. A week later, Fr. Rigney arrived in Hong Kong where he began his long program of recovery, but the physical and brain-corrupting tor tures were still so fresh in his mind that he could poignantly describe them in his book, “Four Years In A Red Hell.” Two years later, Fr. Rigney as sumed office as Regional Superior (Provincial) of the Anglo-Irish region of the Divine Word Mission aries. Three years later, while in England, he volunteered to work either in Japan or in the Philip pines. The latter was given to him. On February 27, 1960, a big and curious crowd of Carolinians wel comed him as the University’s new Superior. Fr. Rigney began his work in the University, first by being a re searcher. He looked around, ob served the students and the staff. He found them very pleasant, com petent, and hardworking. Then, he went out into the city and studied different places and people, and said to himself, “Something must be done for these poor and neglect ed citizens of the city.” In the same year, Fr. Rigney founded the San Carlos Center. At tention was focused on the poor in habitants of Murio-murio district, who, because of abject poverty, have lived too far from society and from God. Slowly and patiently, the new rector was able to construct a chapel for the people through the help of other SVD priests. There, mass is offered, baptism adminis tered, and catechism taught to the children as well as to the adults. Couples who had lived together without the sacrament of matri mony were validly married in the Church. Foods, clothes and medi cines, the money to buy which comes from generous people in the city and often times from his friends, relatives and family in the United States were distributed. Sometimes, through the assistance of Mrs. Amparo Dorotheo and some civic minded Carolinians, the Cen ter would earn a considerable amount to be given to the poor, espe cially during the Christmas season. Within a few years his mission ary work doubled when he direct ed his help to the lepers of Bagongbuhay and the people of Ponce com pound. For the first time in their lives these people were freed from the belief that they are the outcasts of society because of their dreadful disease. In addition to the Chapel, play grounds were erected and the rudi“How are you today?” Father Rigney seems to be asking an old leper. ments of an education imparted to lift them up to a better and more normal life, and to enjoy even to a small degree, the things others have. To develop the talents of the children, programs are held regu larly. On Sundays, Fr. Rigney would sometimes invite them for (Continued on p<i</e 22) Photo shows Fr. Rigney in one of his visits to the squatters’ section of the city. THE CAROLINIAN Page 3 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 NEWS ADMINISTRATION FATHER RECTOR GOES ABROAD Very Rev. Father Harold W. Rigney, S.V.D. went on home leave, after four years as Rector of this University, on May 3. He left Manila last May 5 for his home, Chicagoland, where he will visit his sis ters and their families and his brother who is a priest. Father Rector is travel ing by way of London, England, where he plans to do some paleontological re search. This will take him, he presumes, from three to six months, after which he will fly to Chicago. He has also arranged his return trip over the Pacific to the Philippines which will take place in the summer of 1965. use GRADUATION DATA His Excellency, Dr. William E. Steven son, United States Ambassador to the Philippines, was the guest speaker at the University of San Carlos commencement exercises on Saturday, April 18, 1964. The program opened with the Confer ring of the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, upon the Ambassador by the USC Rector, Very Rev. Harold W. Rigney, S.V.D. Addressing the 882 graduates for the entire school year 1963-1964, the guest of honor exhorted them . . to use our training, our intellects, our abilities, and our character to live and act and work as members of a greater community.” He GLEN RODRIGUEZ RICARDO CHUA also commented that in his travels around the globe, particularly in Asia, he noticed that Asian countl ies show a lack of knowl edge about each other’s history, back ground and culture. Hence the Ambas sador urged the graduates that ",.. as the Philippines takes increasing leadership in this area, the time has come for everyone of you here today to learn more of your Asian neighbors.” Of interest to all is the fact that 12 of the 882 graduates, are receiving a mas ter’s degree, 6 of them are faculty mem bers of USC. Of the degree candidates 94 are finishing with honors: 36 magna cum laude, 49 cum laude, 1 with highest honors, 5 with high honors, and 5 with honors. Also that evening 12 graduates who passed among the highest in recent gov ernment board examinations were awarded gold medals. On the same occasion, the USC Ad ministration and the Alumni Association awarded a plaque to Atty. Napoleon G. Rama, former editor of The Carolinian, and now noted staff member of the Phil ippines Free Press, as the Most Outstand ing Alumnus of 1963-1964. Certificates of special award were likewise given to the following for outstanding achieve ments in their respective fields: Atty. Jesus Iriarte—Public Service; Mr. Jesus Martinez—business; Mrs. Amparo Dorotheo—Religion and Social Work; Dr. Je sus M. Tan—Science and Technology. Mr. Ricardo Chua, Chemical Engineer ing, delivered the speech of petition, while Miss Glen Rodriguez, Liberal Arts (Phy sics), gave the oration of thanks. THEOLOGY DEPARTMENT STUDENT CATHOLIC ACTION USC CHAPTER I. ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP Name of School: University of San Carlos Father Moderator: Rev. Fr. Rudolf Rahmann, S.V.D. Chapter Adviser: Miss G. Villoria Unit Advisers: Miss Villanueva, Miss Roble, Mr. Gayo Total number of SC A members: 59 leaders, 76 militants, (no or dinary members) The whole chapter is divided into three units, and the latter into eleven cells. Besides there are standing com mittees, e.g. Planning Com., Com. on Posters, Catechetical Section, etc. II. SIX-POINT PROGRAM OF SCA ACTIVITIES 1. Religious — Twenty-one SCAns are teaching catechism in the Abellana National High School to 1,000 stu dents, for a 40-minute session every Thursday. During the Students’ Retreat, Aug. 15-18,1963, the SCAns helped in maintaining order and in check ing the attendance. Three students’ recollection were sponsored: Oct. 6 with Fr. Glansbeech, M.S.C. as speaker, Feb. 29 with Fr. Yoson, C.SS.R. as speaker, and March 21 with Fr. Rahmann, SVD as speaker. A Mission-Fund-Drive was in itiated last October, wherein let ters asking for donations for mis sionaries were sent to prospective donors. During Christmas, the SCAns went caroling for four nights. From the proceeds of these two activities, the amount of three hundred pesos (P300.00) was sent to the six Filipino SVD missiona ries in Indonesia. 2. Cultural — In connection with ex Mayor Ortiz’ (of Cebu City) proTHE CAROLINIAN Page 4 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 USC-SCA OFFICERS (1963-1964) From left to right: Mr. Ilamon Torralba—PRO; Mr. Daniel Hernandez—Editor of SCA SCROLL; Jose Teaiio—First Vice-President; Miss Victoria Lim—Treasurer; Miss Giiillerma Villoria—Adviser; Rev. Fr. Rudolf Rahmann—Moderator; Mr. Dionisio Sy—President; Miss Necitas Ybanez—Second Vice President; Miss Erlinda Rizarri—Secretary; Miss Gloria Alcordo—Assistant Secretary. posed resolution for the creation of a local movie board of censors, the USC-SCA sent a letter to the municipal board endorsing the move. A movie was shown last September in the Audio-Visual Room to have some fund for SCA. In connection with the seminary week, another movie was shown last Feb. 7 (“Bells of St. Mary”) in the Audio-Visual Room. From its proceeds, the amount of one hundred pesos (P100.00) was given to the SVD Minor Seminary. 3. Social — None. 4. Educational — The USC-SCA sponsored the first Inter-Collegiate Oratorical Contest last Dec. 15, 1963. The Theme was: “Commun ism and the Social Doctrines of the Church.” The “SCA SCROLL” was published monthly as the organ of USC-SCA. 5. Recreational — Two social gather ings were held, one after the induc tion of officers and reception of new members and leaders and another at the last general meeting, April 4, 1964. An excursion was held last February in Danao City. 6. Political — Some SCAns are mem bers of the Supreme Student Coun cil and active in other organiza tions. 7. Organizational — For three Sun days (July 28, Aug. 4 and 11) Leadership Training Course was given to the prospective leaders and Membership Training Course to prospective members. A Candle light Ceremony for both courses was held last Aug. 25. Cell meetings were held weekly, though some cells were lax in this Father Weber participating in one of the workshops of the SCA chaplains conference. matter during the second semester. Central Council Officers met in eight special sessions. The USC-SCA Committee on Membership held the Archdiocesan Leadership Training: High School level for three Saturday mornings attended by six high schools; Col legiate level for three Sunday af ternoons attended by 9 colleges. At this time the USC-SCA took care of the necessary communica tions, printing of application forms, training course materials, and the “Introducing SCA.” The Committee for the Establish ment of SCA in schools which never had SCA Chapters started its work, but was formed by the Cebu SCA President, which was also giving training courses. USC-SCAns headed by their ad viser welcomed Mr. Jose Concep cion Jr. at the Lahug Airport. Last Sept. 15, Mr. Concepcion Jr. gave a conference, stressing the need for student leadership. It was at tended by 60 representatives from 9 chapters. (Sgd.) DIONISIO A. SY President THE CAROLINIAN Page 5 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 SCA DIRECTORS' CONFERENCE Rev. Fr. Matthias M. Weber, S.V.D., USC University Chaplain and Head of Theology Department, represented the University of San Carlos in the “First National Conference of SCA Arch/Diocesan Directors and Chaplains.” It was held last April 13-17, 1964, at the Casa del Clero Manilano, Guadalupe, Makati, Rizal. Delegates from 28 dif ferent archdioceses, dioceses and prelatures “nullius” attended the conference. Most Rev. Carlo Martini, D.D., Apostolic Nuncio to the Philippines, opened the conference, while His Eminence Rufino J. Cardinal Santos gave an address. The theme of the conference was: “The Chaplain, the Soul of SCA.” Other topics touched on the role of chaplain in the educational, cultural, political, social and recreational formation of student. GRADUATE SCHOOL DIRECTOR OF THE ANTHROPOS INSTITUTE VISITS SAN CARLOS UNIVERSITY Fr. Wilhelm Saake, S.V.D., Director of the Anthropos Institute, paid recently a visit to the university. He came last Saturday morning (May 2) by plane from Manila. He is on his way to New Guinea. In the course of his travel, he is also visiting the various members of the world-reknown institute who are scat tered all over the world. We are proud, indeed, to mention that Fr. Rudolf RahREV. WILHELM SAAKE, S.V.D. BASC6N, GAVINA DOROTHEO, PAZ LEUTERIO, QUITERIO TROSDAL, ROSARIO MANTE, ROSETTA PATALINGHUG, FE MRS. ROSETTA FERNANDEZ MANTE mann, S.V.D., Dean of the Graduate School and Prof. Fr. Eugene Verstraelen, S.V.D., are members of this anthropolo gical institute. Before coming to Cebu, Fr. Saake, in the company of Fr. Rahmann and Dr. Maceda, went to the island of Mindoro to pay a visit to the missions there, to look at some Mangyans and to see Fr. Thiel’s Mangyan Trade School and his archaeological collection too. This collec tion is now being catalogued by two members of the staff of the Department of Anthropology — Mrs. R. Tenazas and Mrs. L. Ramas. At the university Fr. Saake, himself a field worker who has conducted much research work in South America, was The following are the graduates: shown the growing archaeological and ethnographical collections of our school. He was impressed by the work being done in these lines. Plans are also afoot for the concen tration of field work among the Mang yans of Mindoro. Not only will, perhaps, scientific work be intensified but also the establishment of pilot communities may be undertaken. MRS. FAZ R. DOROTHEO NEW MASTERS OF ARTS The Graduate School is happy to an nounce that for the school year 19631964 it had twelve graduates. Also, it is gratifying to note that among them six are members of the USC faculty. SUMMER 1963 “A Systematic Study of the Penning Gauge” M.S. Physics cum laude “A Bilingual Structural Analysis to Justify Theoretically the Cebuano Induced Verb Errors in English” M.A. English (Second Language Teaching) magna cum laude “The Socio-Economic Status of Retired Public School Teachers and Officials in Mindanao and Sulu” M.A. in Education cum laude “A Formal-Functional Description of Cebuano-Bisaya” M.A. Anthropology magna cum laude FIRST SEMESTER, 1963-1964 “An Evaluation of Student’s Errors in Sentence Structures Based on Bilingual Syntactic Analysis” M.A. English (Second Language Teaching) “The Socio-Economic Conditions in Balingasag, Jasa-an and Lagonglong, Misamis Oriental in Relation to the Educational Situation” M.A. Education cum laude THE CAROLINIAN Page 6 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 KOPPIN, BR1GIDA SECOND SEMESTER. 1963-1964 “A Study on the Reliability of a Self-Constructed Radia tion Equipment" M.S. Physics cum laude LANGUIDO, CONCEPCION “The Principle of Duality: Its Role in Modern Mathe matics" M.S. Mathematics magna cum laude LLANEZA, CARIDAD ROFLO, TARCELA “The Gothicism of Sir Walter Scott” M.A. English cum laude “Bamboo in the Economy and Folk Life of the Municipa lity of Tabogon, Cebu" M.A. Anthropology cum laude SISTER MARY OF ST. BRENDAN “Personality Development Among the Pupils of the Good Shepherd Sisters Through the Teachings of Sister Mary Euphrasia" M.A. Education (Guidance Major) cum laude TERRENAL, REGINA “A Socio-Economic and Educational Study of the Tinguians of Central Abra” M.A. Education cum laude posed of Messrs. Roberto T. Carvajal (Captain) and Elmer Festin and Miss Lily Uy, for romping away with all the prizes in the debate last Saturday on the proposition, "Resolved, that English Con tinue as Medium of Instruction in Our Schools”: as the winning team, the Nega tive Team was awarded the Grand Prize; as the Best Debater, Mr. Roberto T. Car vajal (Negative Captain) was awarded the Gold Medal; and as the Second Best Debater, Miss Lily Uy was awarded the Silver Medal. Adopting the Pure-Refutation Case, the winners spectacularly suc ceeded in preventing the Affirmative Team, composed of Mr. Douglas Banzdn (Captain) and Misses Erlinda Fern&ndez and Concepcion Ngo, from establishing a prima facie case. COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS PHILOSOPHERS HONOR SAINT THOMAS In line with its annual observance of the death anniversary of Saint Thomas Aquinas, the Department of Philosophy honored the Angelic Doctor with a litera ry-musical program last Saturday after noon, March 7, at the Audio-Visual Room. Father Hubert Lorbach, the main speaker, delighted his audience with his masterly dissertation on “Understanding Between Science and Philosophy.” A crowd of wisdom-lovers (philoso phers to you) whose entertainment tastes go beyond the mashed potato, the twist, and the Tahitian, turned out for the af fair, which was built around the theme— Science and Philosophy. FIRST LITERARY INTERPRETATION CONTEST Carolinians got their first taste of an oral interpretation program when the ABPh.B Students Organization of the Col lege of Liberal Arts, with the assistance of the English Department sponsored an inter-departmental oral interpretation contest last March 14, Saturday, at the Audio-Visual Room. Each college in the University was represented by one con testant. Cecile Motus of the Teachers College romped away the first prize (a gold me dal) with her excellent interpretation of Alfred Noyes “The Highwayman.” The College of Engineering, in the person of Ramon Farrarons, garnered the second prize (a silver medal). His winning piece was Alfred Tennyson’s "Ulysses.” The third prize (a bronze medal) went to Felicidad Lucas of the College of Liberal Arts who capably rendered the "No Thank You” speech of Cyrano de Bergerac in Edmund Rostand’s play. The gold medal was donated by Coun cilor John Henry Osmena; the silver me dal by the USC Supreme Student Coun cil; and the bronze medal by one of the organization’s advisers, Mrs. Ledinila Amigable Quimpo. The board of judges was composed of Atty. Antonio Cuenco of RBS, chairman; Mr. Carlos de la Rosa of ABS and Mrs. Virginia Vamenta of CBC, members. Frank Legaspi, the organization’s ener getic president, and the advisers wish to thank one and all who helped to make the program a success. KUDOS TO THE NEGATIVES The Liberal Students Confederation congratulates the Negative Team, comThe finalists of the Second Underwood Student Typing Contest held in Davao City on March 22, 1964. The students came from different parts of the Visayas and Mindanao. The Cebu representatives, both USC students, copped the first and third places. They were Miss Gordina Tan (first place) and Miss Cyril Villoria (third place) who are shown in the above picture third and fourth from the left respectively. Special congratulations are also in order for Ass’t. Professor Marcelo Bacalso, un der whom the victors are presently taking the Speh 71 Course (Argumentation and Debate). The Liberal Students Confederation, the Sponsors of the debate, would like to thank the USC Debating Club, the Do nors of the prizes, the Moderator, the members of the Board of Judges, and all those who in one way or another made the affair a memorable and successful one. ANOTHER DEBATE An inter-class debate on the proposi tion, “Resolved: That Red China should be admitted to the United Nations”, reeled off last April 11, 1964 at 3:00 p.m. at the Audio-Visual Centre. The THE CAROLINIAN Pa ge 7 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 winning team, the Negative, composed of Miss Rosalind Roflo, (Captain), Messrs. Alex Alivio and Dale Noval, was awarded the Grand Prize, donated by Asst. Prof. Samson Lucero, for having prevented the Affirmative team, composed of Miss Jose phine Alegarbes, Messr. Benlot and Ed uardo Yap, from establishing a prima facie case. However, because of the force and the eloquence of her speech, a com petent affirmative speaker, Josephine Alegarbes romped away with the Gold medal, donated by Dr. Paterno Espina, for being the Best Debater. And be cause of his convincing arguments, Dale Noval won for himself the silver medal donated by Prof. Maria Gutierrez. Atty. German Lee, Mr. Alfredo Ban tug and Mr. S. Lucero composed the Board of Judges. The Argumentation and Debate Class adviser, Mr. Marcelo Bacalso, was the master of ceremonies. The debate was sponsored by the USC-SSC and the Knights of Columbus Council 4638. SECRETARIAL DEPARTMENT USC WINS UNDERWOOD STUDENT TYPEWRITING CONTEST The University of San Carlos emerged the victor when its contestants copped the first and third places in the second annual Underwood Student Typewriting Contest which was held in Davao City last March 22, 1964. Miss Gordina Tan and Miss Cyril Villoria, students of the Uni versity of San Carlos, represented the Province of Cebu in the grand finals. They competed with other “best typists” from Dumaguete, Cagayan de Oro, Cotabato, Zamboanga, and Davao. It may be re called that last March 10 when the Cebu finals of the Underwood Student Type writing Contest was held, Miss Gordina Tan and Miss Cyril Villoria won the first and second places respectively. In the grand finals held in Davao, Miss Gordina Tan, who won first place, re ceived the following prizes: a one-year scholarship, one Underwood typewriter, one gold medal and a plaque. Miss Cyril Villoria, who placed third, was given a bronze medal, a plaque, and gift items. The second place was won by Miss Raquel de Vera of Mindanao Colleges, Davao City. All other finalists received consolation prizes. This annual contest is sponsored by the Aboitiz Marketing Corporation with the cooperation of the Davao Association of Secretaries and the Cebu Association of Secretaries. LECTURES "MISSIONARY OF HAPPINESS" VISITS USC An unexpected but thoroughly welcome windfall blew our way last Tuesday af ternoon in the person of an amiable beard ed gentleman who has been nicknamed "missionary of happiness” — Father Narciso Irala, S.J. The globe-trotting Jesuit gave a spirited lecture on “How to Achieve Health and Happiness by Controlling Your Emotions." With the help of a vivid, colorful diag ram and down-to-earth illustrations from his rich reservoir of personal experience, Father Irala explained the mechanism of REV. EUGENE VERSTRAELEN. S.V.D. fear, anger and sorrow — the manner in which they can interfere with happi ness, and effective methods of controlling or even preventing them. He pointed out the high incidence of psychosomatic ail ments the physical etiology of which continue to baffle expert diagnosticians today despite the presence of distressing physical symptoms. Such neurotic conditions according to this experienced observer of human na ture, is largely due, not to the repression of the much-advertised sexual urges as Freud has pictured them, but more pro bably to the restraining of higher im pulse in man which would propel him to seek supernatural fulfillment. This theory is currently the basis of a revolutionary technique known as "logotherapy” which was originated by Victor Frank. This proceeds by helping the patient realize the needs of his soul and its search for God. Father Irala believes that this tech nique is twice as effective as psychoan alysis. To demostrate further the physiological harm that can result from aberrant emo tions and inner conflicts. Father Irala related his visit to the Montreal labora tory of Hans Selye who has won world wide renown in psychological circles for his work on the detrimental effects of stress on the individual undergoes phy siological mobilization, neurological and glandular, which when unduly continued without constructive release produce a state of tension, externally manifested by a variety of psychosomatic symptoms such as headaches and chronic fatigue. Father Irala has written several en lightening books on this topic, some of which may be ordered through the Libe ral Arts Office. PEOPLE FATHER VERSTRAELEN ON HOME LEAVE Father Eugene Verstraelen, SVD, left the University of San Carlos last April 29 for Manila where he took the plane for his home land, The Netherlands, on May 7. He will be on home leave for three or four months. Father Verstraelen has been connected with the University of San Carlos for several years. He is a linguist. Father Verstraelen studied Indology and took postgraduate courses in Hinduism, Bud dhism, Indonesian History and Indonesian languages at Leiden, Holland, in prepara tion for going to Bali. After obtaining his M.A. on the above study, he was well set on leaving for Indonesia, but the political situation there prevented him from undertaking the trip. To make up for the change he studied linguistics, and finally completed his doctorate in Utrecht. He went to India, where he spent half a year in visiting important archaeologi cal and religious Hinduistic and Buddhis tic places. He came to the Philippines in 1956 and stayed at the Espiritu Santo Parish in Manila for one year, after which he was sent to San Carlos. He hds been devoting his time here to teaching old Javanese, Sanskrit, general linguistics and historical languages of the Philip pines. He has also made extensive archaeological trip to provinces in north ern Luzon and in Mindanao. Father Verstraelen was recently ap pointed member of the Anthropos Ins titute, a scientific organization in West Germany. (Continued on page 18) SUMMER ISSUE 1964 THE CAROLINIAN Page 8 Father Rector Confers Honorary Degree on Ambassador Stevenson Mr. Ambassador William E. Stevenson: The University of San Carlos is about to bestow on you the highest honor which it is capable of bestow ing on anyone—the Doctor’s degree, honoris causa. We do this to show our high esteem of your record over the years as a scholar and educator of renown, a diplomat and states man of international repute. We think that the United States Government has conferred a great honor on the people of the Philip pines by having appointed you as Ambassador to this country. In honoring you, Mr. Stevenson, we honor the nations you serve, the Filipino and the American. We also wish to point out the closeness of these two nations. The people of the Philippines stand shoulder to shoulder with the people of the United States, uncompromising and steadfast, in their struggle to main tain the free countries of the West. In pursuing these aims, the people of the Philippines have shed their blood not only on the plains of Luzon, in the military operations against the Huks, but also in Korea. They have nobly refused to play the Communist world against the United States as other countries have done. The Philippines has done this at sacrifices to her commerce and economic development. The American Government, mo tivated by her accustomed and "In honoring you, Mr. Stevenson, we honor the nations you serve, the Filipino and the American." traditional idealism in her foreign policies, magnanimously has for given her enemies and generously rendered them a helping hand on their road to recovery. Moved by a sincere love of humanity and a de dication to work for peace, real peace, the peace of Christ, she has cooperated with her allies and made and is making sacrifices, more than her share of them, to hold back the tide of world Communism. These efforts have saved Europe and for that matter the world from this evil system. In helping to maintain the freedom of the West, she has been most patient with her allies, pru dent in facing crises and persever ing in spite of misrepresentations, misinterpretations, effronteries, lack of cooperation and desertions. She is willing to suffer all these if by her help and leadership the flood of Communism be withheld and gradually dried up and the rest of the nations of the world, many of whom are Christian, be saved to carry on in their traditional cul tures. FATHER RECTOR RIGNEY Therefore, we honor you, Mr. Ambassador, we honor the Filipino nation and the American nation. You, Mr. Ambassador, honor us by accepting this degree of Doctor of Laws (Doctor in Jure) honoris causa, and in doing so become a member of the family of the Uni versity of San Carlos. Therefore, by virtue of the autho rity vested in the University by law and with the approval of the Secre tary of Education upon the recom mendation of the Director of Private Schools and of the Dean of the Gra duate School, I as Rector and Chair man of the Board of Trustees of the University of San Carlos, do hereby confer upon you the degree of Doc tor of Laws, honoris causa, with all the honors and privileges as well as the obligations and responsibilities thereunto appertaining. HAROLD W. RIGNEY, S.V.D. Rector University of San Carlos ,Cebu City, Philippines April 18, 1964. THE CAROLINIAN Page 9 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 “Alumnus” Ambassador Stevenson receiving a diploma from Very Rev. Father Rector Rigney. Looking on are Vice-Rector Father Hoeppener and Dean of Graduate School Father Rahmann. Address of Ambassador William E. Stevenson at the Commencement Exercises, University of San Carlos, Cebu, April 18, 1964 NARROW THERE are a number of reasons why I am happy to be here with you today. In the first place, it is always pleasant to come to Cebu — the “Queen City of the South.” I find your friendliness and warm hospitality most acceptable and memorable. As you know, the United States considers Cebu so important — as the “hub” of activities in the Visayas and Mindanao — that our only Consulate and U.S.I.S. offices outside of Manila are those that are here. I am also glad to have this special opportunity to visit this venerable and distinguished University, about which I have heard so much. I am well aware of the tremendous contribution it has made to this country — and to others as well — because of the large number of well qualified and distinguished graduates it has produced. I know that each of you who are receiving a diploma today will always be proud that you attended this University and benefitted from its inspired teaching, its high academic standards and its concern for human values and moral character. I am especially pleased to be back in an academic atmosphere because, for 14 years, I was President of an institution of higher education in the United States — Oberlin College in Ohio. So, I feel at home among you, especially on Commencement Day, sym bolizing as it does, the recognition of work well done, the attainment of worthy objectives and the fulfill ment of dreams and aspirations. As you young men and women graduate from this distinguished University, I wonder what assumptions you are making about your own futures and about the environments in which you expect to be spending your lives. Do you face the years ahead with some uncertainty or are you optimistic and reasonably confident that things will work out well for you in business, a profession, in politics or in the home? Are you hopeful or fatalistic? Or haven’t you given your future much thought? Certainly I’m not going to stand here this afternoon and tell you that life will be easy and that you won’t encounter difficulties and troubles, or that the day has yet arrived when there will be no more disputes among nations or any more wars. That would be unrealistic and misleading and you would not believe me. On the other hand, I am going to suggest that despite the many problems besetting people and na tions in many areas of the world, an adequate basis exists for you to look ahead with hope, with zest, with cheerfulness and with courage. Furthermore, I submit that should you do otherwise you will be shirking your opportunities and your special res ponsibilities as well educated citizens of this great Republic. Human beings have a tendency to over-dramatize themselves in a distinctly personal way. Our outlook is apt to be very subjective. We like to think, that we are living in more dangerous or more challenging times than ever before in history. This may be true, in many ways, but it is especially true that we look out at the world from our individual vantage points. It is hard to relate our own lifetime to past periods of history which may actually have been comparative ly more difficult or discouraging. Throughout the ages there has been incessant struggle and danger. The fact of danger is not unique to any one period in the history of mankind. We have no right to comTHE CAROLINIAN Page 10 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 ING THE GAP plain that we, and we alone, have been malignantly singled out for hardship, trial and testing. That men are prone to feel fearful or even pessi mistic about their own particular times is illustrated by this comment: “It is a gloomy moment in history. Not for many years has there been so much apprehen sion. Never has the future seemed so incal culable. In France the political cauldron seethes. Russia hangs like a cloud on the horizon. All the resources of the British Empire are sorely tired. Of our own troubles in the U.S. no man can see the end." That quotation is not a recent one. Actually it comes from Harpers Weekly of October 10, 1857. Or take this doleful observation: “Our earth is degenerate in these latter days. Bribery and corruption are common. Children no longer obey their parents. Every man wants to write a book. The end of the world is evident ly approaching.” Those words were inscribed on an Assyrian stone slab dated about 2800 B. C.! So we are reminded that mankind has always had crises to cope with, hurdles to surmount, challenges to meet. As a matter of fact, life would be rather dull and uninteresting were it otherwise. The im portant thing is that year by year, decade by decade, century by century man is moving in the direction of a finer and a better scheme of things. Progress during a particular lifetime may be so slow as to be imperceptible but history, in its broad sweeps, sup ports the view that progress is gradually being made. Our goal, I suppose, is Utopia — a goal which lies a very long way ahead. But the gap between a world of high ideals dedicated to security, peace and free dom for all and the rule of the jungle has steadily been narrowed through, the many centuries man has been upon this earth. It is your job and mine to do all we can to narrow that gap even more — as much as we can. Our individual contribution, taken by it self, may seem infinitesimal, but all of our contribu tions, taken together and in a forward direction, can mean significant progress toward a better and a more Christlike world. Ambassador Stevenson “Our individual contribution, taken by itself, may seem in finitesimal, but all of our contributions, taken together and in a forward direction, can mean significant progress toward a better and a more Christlike world.” I hardly need to emphasize to you young men and women that those of us who have had the benefit of higher education have special obligation and res ponsibility to use our training, our intellects, our abilities and our character to live and act and work as members of the “Great Community” which Josiah Royce, a distinguished American educator and philo sopher, once defined as “that international company of men and women who seek to leave behind them a better world than that into which they were born.” Obviously the first thing an educated person should do is to choose his life work wisely. However, that doesn’t mean you cannot change a particular occupa tion if the first one doesn’t work out for the best. In fact it is much more intelligent and in your own interest to leave one business or profession, or a parti cular location, in favor of another and more suitable one, than it is to spend one’s life thwarted or frustrat ed. A human being, particularly an educated one, makes his greatest contribution to himself, his family and to society when he is contented and finds his work and life rewarding to the greatest possible ex tent. I had a classmate in college who had literary gifts and who was absolutely determined to be an independent author and never work for another per THE CAROLINIAN Page 11 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 son. Twenty years after graduation he was manag ing editor of a leading magazine. He found he was making a greater contribution to society as an editor, rather than an author, even though he worked for a larger organization — things he had felt in his youth he could never do. Whatever path each of you will follow may I urge you to do your utmost to maintain high standards of performance and ethics in your chosen line of ac tivity and, as much as you can, to seek improvement. That’s a very important part of narrowing the gap and moving civilization a little further up the incline. So much will depend upon your own attitude and motivation toward your life and work. For, as John Gaines once put it so wisely and encouragingly, “Any thing which can be vividly imagined, ardently desired, sincerely believed in and conscientiously worked to ward must inevitably be achieved.” Your great country and mine have many vital things in common. We are both nations founded in the Christian tradition. That means we believe in the significance and integrity of the individual. Hence we believe in democracy and the rule of law. We are both opposed to communism and its aggressive, antiindividualistic, atheistic aims and practices. We be lieve in universal education and equality of oppor tunity. Above all we are firmly committed to free dom and the democratic way of life, its noble ideals and its human objectives. But, unlike the situation in dictatorship, in which the citizens must live under rules and directives ar bitrarily prescribed from above, we, who are fortu nate enough to live as free citizens in a democracy have to keep alert and undertake special responsibi lities. You recall that John Philpot Curran warned us: “It is the common fate of the indolent to see their rights become a prey to the active. The condition upon which God hath given liberty to man is eternal vigilance; which condition if he break, servitude is at once the consequence of his crime and the punishment of his guilt.” Our world has grown so small, and all nations are now so inter-dependent, that no intelligent person can perform his duty as a citizen in a democracy who is not well informed about the forces outside his own country which are moving human affairs in his times. In this connection I was pleased to note, in the general catalog of this University, that one of its specific objectives was “the promotion of international un derstanding.” Since I have been here in Southeast Asia I have been surprised to discover how little some people know about the history, the cultures and the ideals of neigh boring Asian countries. Perhaps past colonial rela tionships are in part to blame. But obviously, as the Philippines takes increasing leadership in this area, the time has come for every one of you here today to learn more about your Asian neighbors. Other wise, how can you follow present day international affairs with meaning and effectiveness and thus con duct yourselves as responsible citizens? At a cultural conference at Kuala Lumpur a year ago I met the editor of a distinguished Asian newspaper who ad mitted he had never met a newsman from another Asian country until he encountered one on a trip to a conference in the United States. That incident highlights the importance, when possible, of travel as an excellent way to improve knowledge and under standing of other countries and of human affairs in general — something of great significance to any intelligent and conscientious citizen. Mrs. Stevenson and I have been fortunate in having travelled quite extensively during our lives, includ ing a trip around the world about ten years ago. All in all I believe I have visited personally about 50 countries, several quite extensively. As a result, it is my firm conviction that through travel one learns best, perhaps, that despite superficial differences people the world over are basically the same in the things that are really significant and meaningful about human affairs. Admittedly, some of you may not have the opportunity to travel as much as others, but a great deal of the same benefit can be gained from meeting and talking with visitors from other lands and places, not to mention reading about other societies and cultures. True, people in different countries have different habits and social practices. They dress differently. Some drive their vehicles on the right side of the street, others on the left. Mothers carry their babies on their heads, or shoulders, on backs, or hips, or in their arms. Food varies conspicuously. But under neath these examples I have given of superficial dif ferences it has been my consistent observation that people everywhere share such basic concerns as desire for peace, love of family, need for security, respect and affection. Father Hoeppener and Father Rector Rigney putting on the hood on "Alumnus” Ambassador Stevenson. THE CAROLINIAN Page 12 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 If we discover and keep in mind how much alike human beings are in their basic qualities and charac teristics, it helps us to approach international problems and relationships with greater wisdom and a better chance to achieve harmony and understanding. On the other hand it is unwise to disregard social amenities and approaches which may differ in various parts of the world. Here in the Orient, I have dis covered that “face” is more important than it is in America. Here you emphasize pleasantness in your human relationships. In the United States we are so anxious to get to the point that you may think our directness is too blunt or from your point of view un pleasant. From our point of view directness and frank ness are customary and taken for granted. There fore, it is important in dealing with each other that the kind of differences I have just mentioned by way of illustration should be borne in mind. One should study history, psychology and other so cial sciences, but in the end how effectively you succeed in life will depend, far more than you may as yet be aware, upon what you know about human relations through actual observation and experience. So often one finds that qualities like vanity, emotion, ambition or insecurity are more of a clue to a man’s attitude and action than logic, for example. During the two years it has been my privilege to serve in the Philippines I have been greatly impressed by its rich human and material resources. Asia, and the whole world for that matter, needs the kind of example and leadership which the Philippines can offer even to a far greater extent than it has yet done. But what this country can achieve for its own people and by way of helpful contributions in international affairs will entirely depend upon its own citizens, a body of which you young men and women will be an important segment. If you are active, intelligent, objective, tolerant citizens, not only will you be doing your duty and justifying the years of education and training given you but you will be serving your be loved country well. You will be doing your part to help narrow the gap I mentioned earlier. Through your humble efforts, and those of millions like you everywhere, civilization will be advanced nearer the long sought goal of universal peace and brotherhood. But it is not enough, especially in a democracy, to be aware of these things and yet to shirk your re sponsibilities as citizens, endowed, as you are, with the fine education each of you has had. Deeds and action, rather than good intentions, are absolutely essential. Edmund Burke warned us, you recall, “All that is necessary for the forces of evil to win in the world is for enough good men to do nothing.” I stand here today as a man many years older than you are. I know full well from my own earlier days and from experiences in later years that youth is THE CAROLINIAN The USC Fulbright scholars with Ambassador and Mrs. Ste venson at the Rector’s office shortly before the ceremonies began. Sitting L to R: Mrs. Stevenson, Father Rector, Am bassador Stevenson, and Mrs. Maria Gutierrez. Standing L to R: Miss Luz Yee, Miss Jane Kintanar, Mrs. Nenita Sy, Miss Amparo Buenaventura, Mrs. Virginia P. Vamenta, Dra. Con cepcion F. Rodil, and Atty. Expedito Bugarin. skeptical about advice from its elders. Generally speaking you young people will prefer to try things out for yourselves — and sometimes to learn the hard way. That is human nature. Nevertheless it is worth bearing in mind that time after time men and women have found, as they reached their later years, that it is unselfishness and concern for other human beings — the Christian way of life — that brings the deepest and most reward ing satisfactions. A few years before his death, Woodrow Wilson expressed this truth in these words: “No thoughtful man ever came to the end of his life and had time and a little space of calm from which to look back upon it who did not know and acknowledge that it was what he had done unselfishly and for others, and nothing else, that satisfied him in the retrospect and made him feel that he had played the man.” Florence Nightingale, the English nurse who was such a heroic humanitarian in the Crimean War, had the same thought in mind when she said “I really never began to live until I stopped asking myself the question 'What do I want from life?’ and began ask ing instead 'What does life want from me?’ ”. Young men women of the graduating class, I congra tulate each one of you upon your accomplishments and achievements symbolized by your presence here today. I wish you every success in life. May God bless you as you take your places as the active, cons cientious, successful citizens of this great country, that I know each of you will prove to be. SUMMER ISSUE 1964 Page 13 THE IMPLICATION IN LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH bq ^uQiati rn.aQ.6n THE EXULTANT joy of a youth ful nymrod who holds in his trem ulous hand a pulsating beauty such as a swallowtail butterfly, will re main a lasting impression thru life, and perhaps, this love of chase and outdoor will be carried to later years as a fascinating hobby which may eventually turn into a career. The same excitement is present when a lad or lass stumbles into an ancient drawer to vandalize grand ma’s heary file, and come out with strange-looking stamps which can bring sunshine into any rickety al bum. The hunter, the fisherman, the conchologist, and even the her petologist who deals with deadly vipers, each has his thrilling mo ment at one time or another in con nection with the adding of a trophy to one’s collection or record. Insig nificant as these small “scoops” may appear to the non-hobbyists, the lasting impression or inspira tion it brings to the triumphant discoverer may provide the germ of a future career that helps ad vance our culture. Although lepidopterology has been going on hereabout in its “loin cloth” stage for over two decades, it was not until the University of San Carlos had entered the scene that this branch of the biological science began receiving serious at tention and coddling, and finally found its proper perch upon the pedestal of serious scientific re search. Thus, thru the University of San Carlos and under the kind help and cooperation of farsighted Divine Word Fathers, together with continuous encouragement from fellow-researchers at the dif ferent universities and museums abroad, we are able to undertake several projects at the same time, and these are beginning to show re sult, something which, only five years ago appeared impossible. The challenge posed by this infant science will send us scudding to all directions to hurdle innumerable barriers, but we cannot wait any longer as we are now on the thres hold of the new and scientific Phil ippines where university people must contribute much of the know how and efforts. It is often hinted that time is fast approaching when a university will no longer be recognized as such unless it identifies itself with scientific researches in their mul tiple nature, and its faculty, of their own volition, will engage in research projects. Such is feasible since more and more, facilities for scientific investigation in different fields are being steadily installed in large universities. This trend will soon envelope the whole coun try. What’s important is that, we should possess the courage and de sire to engage in scientific re search. The University of San Car los has taken such step in initiating research in lepidoptera despite the non-existence within oui' immediate environment of similar projects from which to draw ideas and in spiration. It is heartening to note that more and more budding lepidopterists are sprouting in our area, and thru these helpful en thusiasts, we find it more effective in pushing forward the frontiers of lepidopterology. The instituting here of the lep idoptera research is not without implication. That some of the im mediate problems cannot be readily solved is inconsequential. This coun try is much behind in science. We have to progress gradually. It is the innumerable rewards that the pioneers will enjoy that inspires contemplation. The brutal abun dance of biological subjects await ing the intelligent investigation by our vast university population can compel these responsible young men and women to do something about it. Concentrating on a particular subject may appear boring or mono tonous to them, but this is not so. For example, the collection and study of butterflies and moths, a matter apparently simple, involves several other studies. Without ap preciable understanding of related fields of the biological science, our idea of the lepidoptera will be su perficial. The main problem in our case is first the accumulation of study materials. We cannot study from mere pictures and a handful of specimens. A collection containing a long series of specimens of both sexes has to be developed. Hence, the series of expeditions and field trips by personnel of the Biology Department. The reward of these field activities came manifold in form of mastery of field or collect ing techniques, enrichment of our local and national collections at the Biology Department, experience in portage and quartering, mountain eering, valuable ecological notes and many other experiences valuable to the world of science. One tough problem in the field is transporta tion. In many remote interior it is haphazard and costly, and often times totally absent. One of the fascinations incidental to expeditions is one’s often being thrown amidst non-christians, es pecially in Mindanao, Mindoro and Palawan. The babel of tongues, at first, inspires frozen interest in moving about and dealing with these differently clothed and strangely-mannered minorities: Af ter the dazing impact of first im pression, the real adventure begins, and one discovers that, with a little command of Tagalog or Visayan, he can communicate with any of these interesting pagan brothers. In Mindoro and Palawan almost all the tribes having contact with low land settlers speak from halting to perfect Tagalog. In Mindanao, the Cebu Visayan is understandable to (Continued, on page 17) THE CAROLINIAN Page 14 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 Photos by PETE UY The famous and rare GKAPHIUM IDAEOIDES of Mindanao whose hunt and study caused Prof. Jumalon to undertake four expeditions all, save the last, financed and sent out by the USC. The fourth was accomplished partly thru a grant from the N’SDB. The USC possesses nearly forty specimens can be found in the great museums abroad. Prof. Jumalon who, incidentally, is also a painter, is shown with two specimens of his experimental art, LEPIDO-MOSAIC, using as medium lOO'/i butterfly wings. THE CAROLINIAN Page 15 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 AN ASSEMBLY OF PHILIPPINE MONARCH BUTTERFLIES observed by the USC 1959 Palawan expedition. Many other local butterflies show this social habit thru mud-puddle congrega tions where several species are seen together by the hundreds. PRESIDENT LUEBKE of the Federal Republic of (Germany is shown viewing the lepidoptera research collec tion, with Prof. Jumalon answering technical questions. VICE-PRESIDENT PELAEZ of the Philippines saw the university’s extensive and systematic lepidoptera collection. Impressed by Prof. Jumalon’s mosaics, the Veep invited the latter to exhibit these at the World’s Fair in New York. THE CAROLINIAN Page 16 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 THE IMPLICATION IN LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH (Continued from page 14) almost all tribes. Strangely enough, while working with fellow-biolo gists in the midst of these nonchristians, our teams have never carried firearms. Good public rela tions, which to us, is simply common sense, was our only weapon. What we understand of public relations is not academic, so this article shies away from elaboration. Truly, there’s pageantry and that certain feeling of self-confidence in pene trating jungles and forests “armed to the teeth’’, and the arsenal flag rantly displayed with a rakish and brigandish effect. This sort of show we missed. And of course, we have knowledge that many of such dash ing adventurers failed to return to civilization, or if they did, they may have left bad seeds behind, making it oftentimes dangerous for the next party visiting the area. Poking one’s nose into the butter fly’s business is not merely draw ing a bead upon the quarry, but also incursions into the realm of botany, geology, geography, cli mate, seasons and even economics and medication. Since the lepidop tera, from ova to imago enjoy re lationship to plants, knowledge of flora is essential. As a rule, with few exceptions, the larva and adult of the lepidoptera are vegetarian. In this study foodplant specificity for each species and genus has to be established, making it important to work out individual life history. In our area, we have yet to deter mine the evolutionary interrelation ships of butterflies and the food plants of their larvae. Our group is waiting in vain for another group to do life history studies on the Philippine Rhopalocera. We are enjoying better cooperation from amateurs who are active in their crude way. To date, we have nearly fifty life histories partly and com pletely determined. This is nearly 20% of Cebu’s Rhopalocera and less than 5% of the country’s rec orded number. Abroad, this kind of work is carried out in collabora tion with a botanist. To push further our understand ing of our lepidoptera, their habi tat or collecting areas have to be divided into Biotic Provinces. These are geographical areas, of life belts, patterned after the con cept originated by Vestals (1914) and developed by Dice (1943). A more subtle ecologic division than the above one can be had by a sysTHE CAROLINIAN tern where plant communities in a particular landscape (area) are re cognized. Also, the geologic back ground of such area has to be studied as this has an important bearing on the vegetation and cli mate of the area. So much have filtered into the disciplines of lepi dopterology, such that it is essential as well to possess a workable knowledge of the lepidoptera of the various faunal regions of the world. In this connection, we are steadily improving our collection of foreign butterflies and moths. The lad who, with his net, has broken sprint records and came back with long-sought trophies, had enjoyed only half the adventure if he didn’t possess multiple “eyes” to record other observations, and returned loaded with informations which can help us understand the what, why, how and when about butterflies and moths. Of course all these cannot be accomplished overnight. Experience is necessary. The impressive aray of specimens or the vastness of a collection is not as important as what are in the col lection and what we know about them. A monograph or publication in other forms may later summa rize our accomplishments and find ings. Incidental to our efforts in this field is the necessary contact with institutions and experts abroad doing allied work. Most of these researchers are connected with universities and museums. Colla boration in certain phases of cur rent studies on genetics, evolution, taxonomy and revisions serve to broaded our grasp of this science. For instance, in his cross-breeding work on allied species and genera between Japanese and Philippine Papilionids, Dr. Albert Ao of the Nanzan University (S.V.D.) at Na goya, Japan, is enjoying our coope ration. In the past two years. Dr. Kent Wilson of the Kansas Univer sity had our full cooperation in his revisional work on the Family Papilionidae of the world. In return for generous contributions of valuable materials from our area to help fill many gaps in the famous British Museum of Natural History’s Lepi doptera Collection of the World, Dr. G. T. Howarth and Col. El liot are helping us update our class ification of local materials. Several other kinds of mutual help between researchers abroad and the Biology Department has to be undertaken to keep us abreast of new trends in lepidoptera research. Since the University of San Carlos is presently looked upon in our area as a possible source of in formation on lepidoptera, it has be come incumbent upon us to dissemi nate only the correct information. This is further enhanced by the utter scarcity of literature on Phil ippine lepidoptera, or if available, such is already obsolete. Perhaps in a couple of years more the up dating of the local lepidoptera’s taxonomy will attain near comple tion, leaving only insignificant gaps which can be filled afterward in a staggering fashion while more am bitious projects are being tackled. There is indeed a fast growing in terest in the collecting and study of lepidoptera, such that it has become necessary to gather these enthusiast into a formal group. The first so ciety of Filipino lepidopterists was organized in the University of San Carlos premises last November, 1963. The Philippine Lepidopter ists’ Society is divided in three zones, the Visayas, Luzon and Min danao. For its outlet of informa tions, it runs a mimeographed NEWS which comes out once a month or once every two months. It counts on the membership of Priests, Doctors, Entomologists, Zoologists, Lawyers, Taxidermist, Teachers, Photographer, Profes sors and students of science and technology. All these members are depending upon the university for the classification of their speci mens. Like the "associates” abroad connected with museums without salaries, they extend to us their va luable cooperation especially in solving life histories, providing in formation on distribution, seasonal catch and the discovery here of as yet unrecorded species occuring within the provincial boundary of Cebu. Although our efforts here is but a drop in the bucket which is the broad Pacific area, where, it is said, there are still about 100,000 unclassified insects needing atten tion, we are grateful to the Divine Word Fathers (SVD) for initiating this study. What with the rapid dissappearance of the habitats of our wild life in the name of in dustrialization and progress, our immediate objective is salvaging. This has been the urgent call dur(Continued on page 35) Page 17 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 COT. FILOMENO R. GARCIA. Jr. NADELA AND GARCIA OFF TO AUSTRALIA Two Carolinian R.O.T.C. cadets of the Philippine Army were selected from a group of 12 finalists in a competitive ex amination held throughout the Philip pines. They are to study at the Royal Australian Army Officers’ School at Port sea, Victoria, Australia. This scholarship is sponsored by the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization under the 1964 Co lombo Plan. The lucky Carolinian cadets are Cdt. Casimiro Nadela and Cdt. Filomeno Gar cia Jr. Casimiro Nadela, finished his Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engi neering last April 1964, while Filomeno Garcia Jr. finished his Bachelor of Science in Commerce last October 1963. Both were cadet officers at the USC ROTC CDT. CASIMIRO NADELA NEWS (Cont’d from p. 8) Corps. They are slated to leave in July in time for the opening of classes at the Royal Australian Army Officers’ School. NEW FACULTY MEMBER The University of San Carlos is proud to present a new name in its roster of brilliant young priests. Father John M. Berry, S.V.D., is a na tive of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied for the priesthood in Techny, Illinois, and was ordained there in June, 1957. Sent to Rome after his ordination, Father Berry took postgraduate courses in Philosophy at the Gregorian Univer sity, finishing the same in 1961. In the same year he was sent to the Philippines. At present he is working on his doctoral thesis. His first assignment after Rome was as professor at the Archdiocesan Semi nary in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, teaching Philo sophy, Physics, English, and Homiletics. At the same time he was the Assistant Prefect of Seminarians. Father Berry is not entirely a stranger in San Carlos. He was here last summer preaching retreats. He is presently hand ling Philosophy of Education and a course on an Evaluation of John Dewey’s Philo sophy of Education, both on postgraduate level. Asked on his impressions of Cebu, Father Berry says he is very much im pressed, especially with San Carlos. He is amazed at the calibre and efficiency of the University Staff, and is captivated by the Cebuano friendliness and cordia lity. He express pride at being a part of “this outstanding center of learning in the Visayas and Mindanao.’’ He concurs wholeheartedly with the opinions ex pressed by Dr. Paulino Garcia concern ing San Carlos. "And,” he added, “the high quality of the USC science depart ment is lavishly praised in many knowl edgeable circles outside the SVD fold.” FATHER BUCHCIK RETURNS Father Anthony Buchcik, Dean of Teachers College, returned to San Car los, after a year and a half of leave of absence, last May 1st. Father had left Cebu on November 20, 1962 for Los Angeles where he stayed for some time and there went on to Chi cago. He spent quite a while in and around that City. "It’s not only to relax that I’ll be able to do,” he said when he departed from Cebu. “I’ll also have a chance to audit course in teacher train ing, to deepen and to widen my knowl edge of teachers’ institution procedures.” That’s exactly what he did while in Chicago. It may be well to recall that REV. JOHN M. BERRY, S.V.D. Father Buchcik finished his master’s de gree in DePaul University, and his doc torate at the University of Chicago. Father Buchcik spent eleven months in the United States of America and during this time he visited several of the most outstanding universities, ob serving classes, examining equipments in the Colleges of Education. Father Buchcik was able to visit his home country — Poland — without any difficulty. He stayed four months in his country, moving about freely without ever being bothered. His greatest joy was that he was able to celebrate his silver sacerdotal jubilee with his aged parents, last year. After Poland, he also visited briefly Germany and Austria. In Italy he visited, aside from Rome, Subiacco, the old Benedectine monastery, Assisi and Nettuno, the place of Maria Goretti. Welcome home, Father! REV. ANTHONY BUCHCIK, S.V.D. THE CAROLINIAN Page 18 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI POPE PAUL ON PENTECOST SETS UP SECRETARIAT FOR NON-CHRISTIANS Vatican City — Pope Paul VI chose the feast of Pentecost to an nounce to the world that he has de cided to set up a Secretariat for non-Christians somewhat similar to that established by Pope John XXIII to deal with relations bet ween Roman Catholics and other Christians. Pope Paul’s revelation came al most at the end of a lengthy ser mon on the significance of the catholicity of the Church. He was speaking in St. Peter’s before 20 cardinals, more than 6,000 seminarians studying in Rome, and thousands of other pilgrims. Among the cardinals present were Laurian Cardinal Rugambwa of Boukoba, Tanganyika, and Ste fan Cardinal Wyszynski of Warsaw. The idea of a Secretariat for non Christians was suggested in April of 1963 by Bishop Antoine Thijssen, S.V.D., of Larantuka, Indonesia. It won the prompt seconding of Thomas Cardinal Tien, S.V.D., Apostolic Administrator of the Tai pei archdiocese in Formosa. In a letter addressed to Eugene Cardinal Tisserant, Dean of the College of Cardinals, last Sept. 15, Pope Paul indicated that he was considering establishing such an organization. In his discourse, the Pope re vealed nothing further than that the Secretariat is being established and that Paolo Cardinal Marella will head it. No further details were imme diately forthcoming from other Church sources. Cardinal Marella, 69 is a veteran papal diplomat who served as Apos tolic Delegate to Japan for 15 years and became an expert on Shinto. He has also headed papal mis sions in Australia and France, and served from 1924 to 1933 at the Apostolic Delegation in Washing ton. He was in the spotlight in April when he went to New York as pa pal delegate for the opening of the Vatican pavilion at World’s Fair. NEW BODY TO DEFEND RELIGIOUS VALUES Vatican City — The goals of the newly-announced Secretariat for non-Christian relations will include the defense of religious ideas generally. This will entail seeking to pre serve religious values wherever they are threatened, to protect the heritage of the natural law, and to combat ignorance and prejudice by working for mutual respect. For its initial phase, at least the Secretariat will most likely have its headquarters in Rome. Actual contacts with non-Christian religions, however, will for the most part be carried out by bishops in the areas where other religions thrive. Thus in Japan, contact with leaders of Shinto would be made on the spot by the Catholic Bishops of Japan and the papal envoy there. Suggestions for projects that could advance relations between the Catholic Church and non Christian religions would be sub mitted to the Secretariat. Guidelines for the general carry ing out of programs adopted would be sent by the Secretariat to the various hierarchies involved. It was believed here that the general secretary of the Secretariat will be Father Pierre Humbertclaude, S.M., who worked with Cardinal Marella in Japan when the Secretariat head was Apostolic Delegate there (1933-48). Father Humbertclaude is currently procu rator general for the Society of Mary in Rome. According to a competent source here, the Secretariat will not only work to protect the heritage of the natural law. It will also cooperate with other religions seeking to purify their concepts in various cultures, mak ing them clearer and deeper. It was pointed out that unless they know each other, the Church and non-Christian religions cannot come to esteem one another. Nor can the good in the indivi dual religion be appreciated with out contacts. THE CAROLINIAN Page 19 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 OUTGOING OFFICERS Sitting, left to right: Samuel Sagario, Auditor; Gerardo C. Maxino, President; Prof. Julian Jumalon, Adviser; Rev. Fr. Luis E. Schonfeld, SVD, Secretary of Student Affairs; Ma. Paz C. Corrales, Treasurer; and, Liduvino Millares, Vice-President. Standing, left to right: Carlos Bandalan, Coordinating Officer and PRO; Cesar Corazo, Jr., Executive Officer; Quirico Castro, Liaison Officer and Vice-Chairman, Committee on Constitution, By-Laws and Regulations; Mamerto Espartero, Chair man, Committee on Constitution, By-Laws and Regulations; Lorenzo Medilo, PRO; and, Roger Penalosa. PRO. Not in the picture: Glen Rodriguez, Secretary; Necito Lim, PRO; Antonio Yabut, Performance Officer; and Prof. Jane Kintanar, Adviser. Not with the glamor of an induc tion ball but with the urgency of a mission was the Lectio et Discussio Fellowship born. It saw that social affairs hugged a big portion of student activities; it went out to show that academic activities should be the meat and not a mere spice in organizational hub and bustle. It took shape not in a breakfast conference or over a cup of coffee but in a bedroom in the stillness of the night; yet, it came into being with the vigor of idea and eager ness of purpose. These latter two were so electrifying that Gerardo C. Maxino and Carlos Bandalan could not wait for the morrow ; they sought out right in the night Sa muel Sagario and Franklin Fernan dez and discussed plans of organiz ing The Fellowship. Then and there The Fellowship was born. Toge ther with Joaquin Ouano, Jr., Ca siano Datiles, and Liduvino Milla res, they formally organized the society on February 19. 1963. In less than a month, The Fellowship dished out its first activity: a lec ture by Engr. Benedicto Supremo on “Electronic Computers.” Since the The Fellowship has grown and bristled with activities; but it has never lost its sense of di rection. As embodied in its Con stitution, The Fellowship aims to stimulate intellectual growth pri marily through lectures and dis cussions. It is designed to promote general education, unveil hidden talents, provide avenues for self improvement, and to generate wholesome camaraderie. A good balance between specializ INCOMING OFFICERS Sitting, left to right: Carlos Bandalan, Vice-President; Cesar Corazo, Jr., Pres ident; Prof. Julian Jumalon, Adviser; Rev. Fr. Luis E. Schonfeld, SVD, Secretary of Student Affairs; Yolanda Te, Secretary; and, Leticia Lao, Treasurer. Standing, left to right: Mamerto Espartero, Chairman, Committee on Constitu tion, By-Laws and Regulations; Quirico Castro, Vice-Chairman, Committee on Con stitution, By-Laws and Regulations; and, Roger Penalosa, PRO. Not in the picture: Prof. Jane Kintanar, Adviser. Direction And Vigor In Student Activities by GERARDO C. MAXINO ed training and general education must be maintained. Although the former has its advantages in effi ciency and greater know-how in a particular field; yet, the danger of intellectual isolation where one is unaware of the progress in other fields and consequently fails to co ordinate his work with that of others poses a real problem. One should never be contented with compartmentalized education alone. The Fellowship sees this. As an in ter-departmental organization, it has members studying in the dif ferent fields of learning. Through THE CAROLINIAN Poge 20 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 lectures and discussions, each mem ber imparts his knowledge to and learns from others. In this way, he improves in his specialized field and he gets a look over the shoulders into the other fields. To this end, The Fellowship has initiated a 5 o’clock Club limited to members who meet almost daily at five o’clock in the afternoon. There the members take turns in giving informal talks. It holds a monthly colloquium or a discussion session on a range of subjects. The organi zation also invites authorities to give lectures on their chosen field. Thus, the aims of stimulating in tellectual growth and promoting general education are brought into fruition. To unveil hidden talents, the members are exposed to a wide range of activities an<t interest. Members are encouraged to parti cipate in varied activities and ex plore different interests. In this way, avenues for self-improve ment are provided for. The Fellow ship does not confine itself to books. It also takes interest in the arts, in music, in forensics, and in many others. The organization is not a mere mass of curiosity-seekers flocking together, but it is a brotherhood, a closely-knit society where members mutually give and take. Indeed, it has the atmosphere of true and wholesome fellowship. While it keeps its doors wide open, it resists the temptation of large member ship. At present, it has only around thirty active members. What has The Fellowship done in its short span of existence? What it has done may not be colossal and spectacular but certainly worth while. It has sponsored lectures. Among them were “Lepidoptera Mosaic” by Prof. Julian Jumalon, President, Lepidoptera Society of the Philippines, and “The Weather” by Prof. Alejandro Tantoco, Head, Cebu Office, Weather Bureau. It has sponsored an annual inter-de partmental Quiz-Bowl Contest. It held a recognition ceremony where Certificates of Appreciation were awarded to those who had helped attain its objectives and Certifi cates of Merit to eleven of its mem bers for scholastic excellence du ring the two preceding semesters. To be repetitious, it has had the 5 o’clock Club with its almost daily session, and it has initiated a monthly colloquium. All work and no play, they say, makes Jack a dull boy. And so The Fellowship went out in a combined historical tour of Mactan Island and excursion to Marigondon beach. It gathered toge ther too at the Audio-Visual Center (Continued on page 22) THE ART OF SAYING IMU by LOURDES A. HERMIAS NO is but a quaint word in the English language, yet it can inject endless sorrows to the heart more than any other word. It can hurt feelings and create ill-will and indifference. It can break hearts as well as topple castles in the air. You see how a child reacts when his mother gives a firm "No" to his childish whims and caprices. Being unsatisfied, the child makes use of his tactics — from hugs to kisses to his ultimate resort — tears, but to no avail. Watch how a forlorn lover blankly, desperately and longingly gazes at a seemingly murky heaven because he has been denied the most wonderful thing one can never have. And just how would you feel yourself if someone gives your petition the flat brush-off especially when you have reasons to believe that it doesn’t deserve such? Surely, there would be an intolerable sting within you, more often than not followed by a feeling of disgust for the person who deprived you of your desire. These are but a few illustrations of a person's reaction to a "No". However, this is not so astonishing since a person always wants to get what he desires at any cost, by any means. It is a bit comforting that above this desire is a person’s sense of duty to refrain, at least, from hurting his fellow creature and if possible, to lend him a helping hand and please him in one way or the other. One doesn't want to say "No", much less be its recipient. This is, however, impossible since actually, a person cannot have all he desires. A person may say "No" because he deems it right to refuse since the effects may prove detrimental to his well-being as well as to others, or he may say "No" to express his incapability to undertake a task or a favor. In either case, he has to say "No." Nevertheless, something can be done to counteract the painful effect of a "No". What one needs is tact. As yet, you may or may not have developed this tact, this art of saying "No" with or without just a small degree of hurt. It is worthwhile developing. And this is how you may start. As a paratrooper uses a parachute to save himself from a deadly, direct fall, give a person a buffer to cushion the impact of your "No." Do not just bat an eyelash, shake your head and say "No" coldly. Graciously tell him why you have to say "No." Give him not mere reasons but real, logical, con vincing reasons, not excuses, for these won't do any good. Use words that express the positive rather than words that are austere and stabbing. Make him feel that you are sincerely sorry and that you don't really mean to hurt him. He will know by your voice and facial expression. Furthermore, offer him any assistance that may compensate for your "No." If there is nothing you can do, then a gracious smile, an assuring pat on the shoulder or a friendly handclasp will do much to soothe the ache. Saying "No" with tact and graciousness will be an asset to your per sonality. You'll find yourself making real friends more and hurting your fellow men less. THE CAROLINIAN Page 21 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 EXIT A GREAT RECTOR (Continued from page 3) an excursion. And he considered this a wonderful way to relax. These efforts to better the living conditions of his fellowmen, Father Rigney would gladly have done even if had not embraced the priest hood. From first hand experience, he knows full well man’s inhumani ty to man, and he would do every thing in the world to avert this sad fact. At 63, the outgoing rector is still a vigorous and energetic man. After leaving San Carlos Univer sity, he will proceed to England where he will make an extensive re search on Vertebrate Paleontology. Perhaps he will stay there from three to six months, after which he will fly to his native Chicago land. During the four years of his rec torship at the University of San Carlos, he has expressed great faith in the capacity of the University to carry out the ideals of Catholic Education in the regions outside of Manila. He said: “This school has a noble tradition to uphold because it is the oldest existing school in the whole Republic.” And he places this task on the Carolinians who have faith in Catholic Education. His desire to foster better education not only in Cebu but throughout the South is indeed one of the marks this man will be remembered for. To achieve this aim, he has looked to the future, to what will happen tomorrow, to the changes and re forms it will bring. In his speech at St. Theresa’s College, Manila, on the occasion of “The Catholic Edu cational Week, August 18-24, Fr. Rector urged the Catholic Educa tional Association of the Philip pines to care not only for the edu cation of today but that of tomor row. “We are living in an age of un precedented developments and changes in many fields,” he decclared. “Schools must be aware of these changes and reform their edu cational patterns to meet them.” He expects Catholic schools all ovei’ the world, including the Philippines, as a large section in the field of edu cation, to play their part in the pro gram. To really show his intense desire to achieve these aims, Fr. Rigney wrote a paper entitled: “Catholic Education of the Philip pines Must Gear Itself for Scienti fic Tomorrow,” the main text of which was published in the March 1964 issue of the Carolinian in which he stated in conclusion: “We hardly can hope to regain this lost leadership, but we should catch up with and join the leaders of the Scientific Age of Tomorrow. We can do this with proper planning and sacrifices, with understanding on the part of the Government, with the help of our friends in industry.” While Fr. Rigney is concerned about the schools, he is also deeply concerned about the students, and especially those of San Carlos Uni versity. “Of course, we need more men students.” And the writer queried, “Why?” “Well, haven’t you observed how many the girls are. Don’t you like a holiday?” he had quipped. For a more progressive and intel lectually University, he wants the students not only to absorb what is contained in the books, but also to practice better what they learn. And for this he needs “student leaders.” However, he does not qualify the term “student leader” exclusively as the Grand Akan, the Supreme Exemplar of the Delta Eta Phi, the President of the Portia Club or the AB organization. Much less does he mean the President of the Supreme Student Council of the school, or the Editor of the school magazine. “He can be a mere mem ber of an organization who has the capacity to work like a dog, coope rative, one who looks to the future and not back at the past, one who gives a good example in what he says and what he does,” he de clared. Like other rectors of the past, Fr. Rigney is friendly and hardwork ing. To mention all his achieve ments would be difficult, but worthy of mention here is the fact that his pet project, the San Carlos Center, will still operate under the direction of Reverend Father Mamawal. Before he left he announced to all his consuming desire to come back to this venerable institution and be one of us again. An unmis takable indication, indeed, of his love for USC. To say that the whole Carolinian population knows Father Rigney intimately in the sense of being ac quainted with his benevolent acts, would be to stretch a point too far. However, it is not far-fetched to say that to a good number of stud ents and especially to the working students of this University, he has been enshrined in their hearts for ever. DIRECTION AND . . . (Continued from page 21J to see educational and cultural films. These activities kept the members busy the whole year round. And all these have not been in vain. The Fellowship takes pride, too, in its members. During the first semester alone, it had no less than eleven university scholars and two NSDB scholars. Three of its mem bers graduated with honors: Miss Glen Rodriguez, Bachelor of Science in Physics, Magna Cum Laude; Miss Ma. Paz Corrales, Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, Magna Cum Laude; and Miss Yolanda Te, Ba chelor of Arts, Cum Laude. A number of its members are officers in various campus organizations. Among tKem are Cesar Corazo, Jr., Most Exalted Brother, K M Tri-E Fraternity (1964-65); Samuel Sa gario, President, Civil Engineering Students Association (CESA) (1964-65); Gerardo C. Maxino, President, Mathematics-Physics So ciety (1st semester, 1963-64); Glen Rodriguez, President, Mathema tics-Physics Society (2nd semester, 196’-64); Jennie Kimseng, Presi dent, BSE-II Organization (196364); and Sergio Mantiza, Corps Commander, USC ROTC Unit. In The Carolinian, it has Roger Pena losa, the Sport Editor. Within a short time, The Fellowship has gained a firm foot-hold. It has remained true to its purpose and has kept faith with the prin ciples on which it was founded. In itself an assertion that there is joy and pleasure in academic activities, it takes a different orientation, one away from the brumble bush of so cial affairs. It has met failures as it has gathered laurels. Yet, it has never wavered in the pursuit of its ob jectives, for it was formed not to gain acclaim and success in the ac tivities it undertakes but rather to point out that there is something to be done: a reorientation of stud ent activities from too many social affairs to a bigger dose of acade mic ones. In the words of Rev. Fr. Luis E. Schonfeld, SVD, Secretary of Stud ent Affairs, “The Lectio et Dfscussio Fellowship is the best campus organization, so far.” It does not take these as words of judgment but rather as those of encouragement and nothing more. It neither aspires nor claims to be the best; it is con tent with being vibrant and life giving. It is the idea, purposes, and principles which give it life that deserves attention. For as it points out, these we must have: direction and vigor in student activities. THE CAROLINIAN Page 22 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 RADUATION SOLEMN. Strange how the years ... and all the things they made us share .. would jostle and crowd one's memories and make one miss the import of the moment. p n -i n THE CAMERAS were always there, clicking and flashing, catching countless glimpses of a day which one wished would not sleek away like another class day. THIS WAS the day to begin all days. With each step you could feel the past years steal away, receding as the future took shape right before us. R I A L "IT'S ONLY MONEY, Father," chides Mr. Jesus Martinez as he receives award from Father Rector for being an Outstanding Businessman. "WRITING is not only an art, it is my job and my profession". Nap Rama says receiving certificate of merit in the field of journalism. "THERE WERE many difficulties, but God was always on our side".. says Mrs. Amparo Dorotheo as she receives award in recognition for outstanding religious and social work especially in slum areas of Cebu. "WE DID IT AGAIN this time" ... Elizabeth Jajalla receives certiticate ot merit for copping 9th place in the 1962 Chemical Board Exa Graduation "WE DO SOLEMNLY SWEAR The new officers of the USC Alumni Association take their oath of office. Left to right: Addie Sarthou, Engineer Mancao, Dr. Casals, Louie Bagaman, Sonny Osmena (President), Dr. Dosdos and Atty. Savelion. "WE WERE CLOSE to getting the first place" . . . Carlos Go smiles as he recevies award for making the second place in the CPA Board Exams. ^Pictorial 1 WE MARCHED together, comrades gathered for one last time and then to scatter, each to where his heart and work lay. Some were gay, some a bit sad, others feeling differently. But all were held by the moment's spell. INTO THE FIELD of life rode the eight hundred. Out of the walls and into the open. What lies ahead? Our parents and elders knew but they seemed to want us to find out for ourselves. Photo Credits: PETE UY "THANK YOU, Your Excellency . . ." The ritual was simple and traditional. It was over in a few minutes. Time seemed to conspire with detail to save us from pomp and grandeur so that the mind, undazzled, could possess the moment purely. "YEAH, BUT did you know ..." The big shots seemed to feel none of the graduate's tense self-consciousness. Year in and year out, graduates came and went; the teachers stayed. Their role: to keep the line flowing and alive in greater number. IN THE CLASSROOM we stood up to answer, to discuss, to argue and to question. Here we stood up to say that we were ready. All eyes were on us now for we just became full citizens of life. Random. ‘'Ylotet ON AMERICAN LITERATURE REV. JOHN VOGELGESANG, S.V.D., M.A.—I 7J/te Jlaique oj the J^ecl 3)eath and Poe’s Theory of the Short Story EDGAR ALLAN POE was a con scious artist. He first elaborated a theory of his art and then began to write in accordance with its princi ples. Thus he formulated his own ideas of what the short story should be before he ventured to write in that medium. The present paper will attempt, first, to summarize the basic principles of Poe’s theory of the short story and, second, to show how those principles have been exemplified in one particular story, namely, The Masque of the Red Death. Poe did not write an independent treatise on the short story. The ba sic principles of his theory must be gathered together from various of his critical essays. Particularly val uable in this respect are his Philo sophy of Composition and his re view of Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales. The pertinent passages are these. In The Philosophy of Composi tion Poe wrote: I prefer commencing with the con sideration of an effect. Keeping originality always in view—for he is false to himself who ventures to dispense with so obvious and so easily attainable a source of inter est—I say to myself, in the first place, ‘of the innumerable effects, or impressions of which the heart, the intellect, or (more generally) the soul is susceptible, what one shall I, on the present occasion, select?’ Having chosen a novel, first, and secondly, a vivid effect, I consider whether it can be best wrought by incident or tone— whether by ordinary incidents and peculiar tone, or the converse, or by peculiarity both of incident and tone—afterwards looking about me (or rather within) for such combi nations of events or tone as shall best aid me in the construction of the effect. In his review of Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales occurs this pas sage which contains, at least impli citly, Poe’s definition of the short story. A skillful literary artist has con structed a tale. If wise, he has not fashioned his thoughts to ac commodate his incidents but having conceived, with deliberate care, a certain unique or single effect to be wrought out, he then invents such incidents—he then combines such events as may best aid him in establishing this preconceived ef fect, then he has failed in his first step. In the whole composition there should be no word written, of which the tendency, direct or indirect, is not to the one preestablished design. And by such means, with such care and skill, a picture is at length painted which leaves in the mind of him who con templates it with a kindred art, a sense of the fullest satisfaction. The idea of the tale has been pres ented unblemished, because undis turbed: and this is an end unat tainable by the novel. Undue brev ity is just as exceptionable here as in the poem: but undue length is yet more to be avoided. From these and other passages the following principles emerge: first, a short story is a prose tale or narrative, deliberately and careful ly conceived to produce a certain unique or single effect by the combi nation of such events or incidents as will best establish that precon ceived effect. Second, since unity of effect or impression is a point of the greatest importance in almost all classes of composition, the prose tale must be of such length that it can conveniently be read within the space of half an hour at the least, or one to two hours at the most. Third, the prose tale is su perior to the novel as an art form because the novel, by reason of its length, makes this necessary unity of impression, if not impossible, at least more difficult to attain. Fourth, the very first sentence of the tale must contribute to the es tablishment of that preconceived and dominant impression. In the whole composition there should be nothing that does not, either direct ly or indirectly, tend towards the attainment of that effect. Finally, Poe admits that, while the highest genius can best exercise its powers in the composition of a rhymed poem that does not exceed what might be perused in an hour, the prose tale, in at least one point, is superior even to such a poem. The reason for this is that while the rhythm of a poem contributes es sentially to its beauty, that very rhythm acts at the same time as a bar to the communication of Truth. Truth, he says, is frequently the aim of the prose tale. By way of conclusion it may be added that for Poe the unity of impression that is the fundamental principle of the prose tale (as of almost all classes of composition) is not merely unity of plot but unity of atmosphere and point of view as well. Let us now apply these principles to a consideration of Poe’s short story The Masque of the Red Death. The single impression that Poe wishes to convey in this story is one of horror and precisely of such hor ror as is occasioned by the pres ence of a mysterious, plaque-like THE CAROLINIAN Page 27 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 disease that causes almost instan taneous death in a horrible and horrifying manner and against which there is no possible protec tion or means of defense. In accord ance with Poe’s theoretic principles, the very first sentence of the story must contribute to the ‘outbringing’ of that effect. This is certainly the case in the story under considera tion. "The ‘Red Death’ had long devas tated the country. No pestilence had ever been so fatal, or so hide ous.” Each succeeding sentence of the opening paragraph adds anoth er detail that heightens the intend ed effect. In only thirteen short lines the word red, or a synonymous term, is used six times. Still there is no impression of monotonous re petition or of redundancy because either synonymous terms or words that are explanatory of the adjec tive red are employed. Thus the plague is called the red death be cause blood is “its atavar and seal.” That this is not healthy and life giving blood is evident from the appended phrase—“the redness and horror of blood.” The disease cau ses profuse bleeding and leaves upon the body, and especially on the face, scarlet stains which ban the afflicted from the fellowship and sympathy of men. The initial paragraph of the story thus paints a horrible picture of the pestilence— a pestilence which brings swift, in evitable death to its victims by causing profuse bleeding and which deprives them, in their agony, of the company and solace of their fellow-beings. The impression of horror is inten sified in the second paragraph by a series of violent contrasts that ter minates in the powerful, well-bal anced sentence: “All these and sec urity were within. Without was the ‘Red Death.’ The Prince, ironically named Prospero, is “happy and dauntless and sagacious.” He makes elaborate plans to escape the con tagion “with a thousand of his hale and light-hearted friends.” It is hor rible merely to think that in the presence of so deadly a plague there could be men whose one con cern was pleasure. “The Prince had provided all the appliances of pleasure.” The contrast between the health, the happiness and the security of the prince and his fa vorites on the one hand, and the misery, the suffering and the fear of those on the outside on the oth er, is most powerful. But powerful, too, is the appalling irony of the second paragraph. It is the afflicted who are supposed to be cut off from human fellowship. Here it is the well who are thus sealing them selves off. They are placing them selves in the one situation that marks them as if they were already contaminated by the disease. Poe continues this series of con trasts in the following paragraphs and thus continues to reinforce the initial impression of horror. Five or six months of seclusion are lightly skipped over with the remark that after that length of time, “while the pestilence raged most furiously ab road,” Prince Prospero prepared a masked ball “of the most unusual magnificence,” for the entertain ment of his friends. The scene of the masquerade is so described that em phasis is repeatedly placed on those details that will heighten the sense of horror. The hall in which the masquerade is held is of most unusual construc tion. Each room is painted a dif ferent color and the only light that enters filters through a Gothic win dow outside of which a fire bums in a brazier on a tripod. The last room, hung with black draperies and illuminated by the light that passes through a scarlet pane, is the most unreal of all. On the wall of that room is the ebony clock that marks the passage of time. Its chime is so peculiar that each time the hour is struck, the musi cians cease their playing, the dan cers are frozen in whatever posture they happen to be. An air of ex pectancy seems to pervade the room. All the revelers await, as it were, a summons from where or from whom they do not know. So skillfully has Poe created an atmosphere of expectancy and un reality that the reader’s credulity is not strained when the mysterious, masked guest suddenly appears in the midst of the revelers after the hour of twelve has struck. And the progress of that phantom, from the blue room through each succeed ing chamber, is a mounting crescen do of hoiror that reaches its awful climax when Prince Prospero rush es forward to strike the apparition but falls, dagger in hand, to the floor in death. The concluding sentences of the second last para graph are overwhelming in their forcefulness. The revelers summon “the courage of despair” as they rush into the black apartment to seize the mummer and find, “to their unutterable horror” that the mask is “untenanted by any tangi ble form.” The final paragraph of the story is a magnificent descrescendo but still on the theme of horror. And now was acknowledged the presence of the Red Death. He had come like a thief in the night. And one by one dropped the revelers in the blood-bedewed halls of their, revel, and died each in the despair ing posture of his fall. And the life of the ebony clock went out with that of the last of the gay. And the flames of the tripod ex pired. And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all. We are back where we began. The last paragraph is an echo of the first. And it illustrates a final principle of Poe’s theory of the short story. It contains the Truth, the moral of the piece. For all and for each death will come, often like a thief in the night. There is none who can escape. The objection might be raised that The Masque of the Red Death does not conform to Poe’s principle regarding the proper length of a prose narrative. Certainly the tale can be read in less than half an hour. Obviously Poe did not intend that his statement should be taken in anv rigidly restrictive sense. He would allow a little leeway on either side, a little less than half an hour or a little more than an hour or two at the most. Provided that uni ty of impression can be achieved within these approximate limits, he would be satisfied. Such unity of impression has been achieved in The Masque of the Red Death. It is therefore an excellent proof of Poe’s theory. # (Continued on page 45) THE CAROLINIAN Page 28 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 A VISIT TO Puerto Galera ROSA C. P. TENAZAS and LEONISA L. RAMAS Evidence of some 600 years of Trade Relations with China and elsewhere in Southeast Asia in Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro Trade potteries, in the collection of Fr. Erwin Thiel, S.V.D. parish priest of Puerto Galera, have been the object of a scientific study made by the writers during the month of April, 1964. These potteries possi bly date from the T’ang dynasty (618-907 A.D.) of China to the reign of the early Ming emperors (late 14th — early 15th centuries). Puerto Galera is the northwest ern boundary town of Oriental Mindoro, and is forty seven kilo meters west of Calapan, the prov incial capital of the island. It is characterized by jutting peninsulas, coves and islets, an ideal place for habitation. The principal site from which the bulk of the specimens in Fr. Thiel’s collection came is the sitio of Bayanan, approximately 8 kilometers west of the town proper of Puerto Galera. The second major site, that of Minolo, is about 1 kilometer east of it. Two years ago, “diggers” from Batangas came over to Puerto Galera. They were inspired, no doubt, by the hope of gain, since they had realized a good profit from the sale of finds made in the Calatagan excavations. These men dug NATIVE POURING VESSELS (earthenware). They are identical with the Calatagan finds. a few test pits and finally leased a total area of two hectares in Bayanan. The first hectare excavated, comprised a rugged peninsula, not too suitable for agriculture, the width of which hardly spanned 15 meters at the widest. The whole top commands a good view of the bay and surrounding areas, typical of burial sites in the Archipelago. The second hectare was the adjacent hills, rolling east of the peninsula, also along the coast. In Minolo, the area of excavation was in two very low adjacent hills, just a few meters from the shore. THE CAROLINIAN Page 29 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 ANOTHER SET OF NATIVE POURING VESSELS which are also identical with the Calatagan finds. The possibility of making the study presented itself when the Dean of the Graduate School, and Head of the Anthropology Depart ment of the University of San Car los, Rev. Fr. Rudolf Rahmann, SVD, made a visit to Puerto Galera in February, 1964. For two years Fr. Thiel had had the interest and foresight to collect and reconstruct hundreds of trade pottery sherds, left over from the systematic loot ing of the above mentioned sites, as well as from other archaeological sites with which Puerto Galera seems to abound. The research was finally made possible by a grant from the German Research Asso ciation applied for by Father Rah mann only one month before the study began. Photography of the specimens was done by Brother Konrad S.V.D., of the Catholic Trade School, Manila operating on funds which came from the same research grant. Centuries before the first Euro pean had set foot in the Islands an extensive trade had developed bet ween China and the Philippines, pottery being one of the principal items of exchange. These contacts, at first gradual, occurred as far back as the T’ang Dynasty. It was not until the 13th century, under the Sung Dynasty (906-1290), that trade developed on an appreciable scale, reaching a climax in the 15th century, during the reign of the early Ming emperors. During this time, great quantities of porcelain and stoneware vessels, as well as other items were brought into the Archipelago. Filipino products such as hardwood, gums, resins, edible nuts, pearl-shells, fancy co rals, gold, cotton, and the like, were offered in exchange to the foreign merchants. Around the 14th and 15th cen turies, the Chinese wares met stiff competition with products kilned in Siam (Thailand) and Annam in Indo-China, which about this time began taking active part in the is land commerce. In the Visayas, es TYPICAL DESIGN OF A KYLIN of Early Mihg blue and white. This is identical with those recovered at Calatagan. pecially, Siamese wares were said to have reached approximately 40% of the total southern trade by the 15th century. In the early references to the Phi lippines in Chinese annals, the is land of Mindoro was frequently mentioned (if we accept the suppo sition that Ma-i refers to the island of Mindoro and not to Luzon or the whole Archipelago as generally held by Historians). The first re corded encounter of the Spaniards with the Chinese was made on this island in 1570. When the Spaniards searched the cabins of these Chinese junks, “silk..., gold thread, musk, gilded porcelain bowls, pieces of cotton cloth, gilded water jugs, and other curious articles... earthen jars, and croc kery, large porcelain vases, plates and bowls, and some fine porcelain jars...” were found. At this point, we would like to point out that Puerto Galera is just across the sea from the peninsula of Calatagan, Batangas, where the major excavations of 15th century burial sites were conducted from 1958 to 1961, by the National Mu seum, led by Dr. Robert B. Fox, head of the Anthropology Depart ment. Preliminary comparative studies made by the writers bet ween trade potteries recovered from Calatagan and those from Puerto Galera have brought out the interesting fact that the latest THE CAROLINIAN Page 30 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 A CHRYSANTHEMUM DESIGN, also traceable to the Early Ming blue and white; identical to specimens recovered at Calatagan. wares found in the Puerto Galera area are contemporaneous with wares excavated in Calatagan. In cidentally, Dr. Fox estimated the length of use of the Calatagan sites as burial grounds of the early Fili pinos as only about one-hundred and fifty years. Calatagan is, so far, the only archaeological site in Luzon where great quantities of Siamese wares have been recovered. This A DEITY (?) carved out of coral, iden tical with specimens found in Calatagan. fact is in contrast to Professor H. Otley Beyer’s early findings. Ac cording to him, “Chinese trade-re lations with Luzon were much less disturbed (by competition with traders bringing wares from Siam and other Southeast Asian areas), and the quantity of Siamese and Indo-Chinese ceramic wares proba bly never exceeded 5 to 10% in the Luzon trade.” The discrepancy in the percentage of Siamese potteries recovered in Calatagan, plus the fact that the area had been occupied for a relatively short time, and Be yer’s hypothesis has posed a chal lenging problem. To solve this pro blem Dr. Fox postulates the likeli hood of an intrusion of a group from the south, or central Philip pines, where, according to Beyer, the Siamese potteries were common. Many comparative studies with other areas have yet to be made, but there is a strong indication that this “intrusion”, to use Dr. Fox’s expression, may have been made by groups of people coming from Min doro, in particular, from the Puer to Galera area. The presence of large quantities of similar trade wares as well as of native earthen ware found in the two areas would seem to support this preliminary hypothesis. FLASH! NEW U.S.C. APPOINTMENTS The Divine Word Missionaries have received from their Superior General in Rome the list of new superiors who will govern the So ciety in the Philippines in the next three years. The new U.S.C. appointments are as follows: Very Rev. John Vogelgesang, S.V.D. — Rector of the University of San Carlos Fathers’ Community, Cebu City. Very Rev. Rudolph Rahmann, S.V.D. — President of the Uni versity of San Carlos. Rev. Isidoro Kemerer, S.V.D. — Director of the USC Boys’ High School and the SVD Seminarians at the USC-BHS. Rev. Jeronimo Galvan, S.V.D. — Secretary of Finance (Procurator) of the University of San Carlos. Furthermore, the following have been appointed as councilors: Rev. Gregorio I. Pizarro, S.V.D. — Vice-Rector; Rev. Michael Ri chartz, S.V.D., Rev. Harold W. Rig ney, S.V.D., and Rev. Raymond Kolk, S.V.D., (admonitor). Very Rev. George Heinemann, S.V.D., is the new provincial super ior, succeeding Fr. Alphonse Le sage, S.V.D. Fr. Constante C. Floresca, S.V.D., assistant provincial, Fr. Alphonse M. Mildner, S.V.D., admonitor; Fr. Vicente Braganza, S.V.D., and Fr. Ernest Keilen, S.V.D., councilors.# THE CAROLINIAN Page 31 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 THE MEMBERS of an anthropolo gical expedition recently came back aftei- completing the first phase of a scientific project made possible through the inspiration and help of the Hon. Senator Manuel P. Manahan and Fr. Rudolf Rahmann, S.V.D., Dean of the Graduate School and jointly sponsored by the U.S.C., NSDB (National Science Development Board), DFG (Ger man Research Association) and the CNI (Commission on National Integration). For the team mem bers, Mr. Rogelio Lopez (USC), Mr. Alfredo Evangelista (Nation al Museum) and the writer, this was the first respite, if one may call it that, after more than two months’ work in the field. This one month period of rest will give the members of the party time to recuperate, to be with their loved ones, and to write their reports. The expedition this time was lucky. Due to the better climato logical conditions, the members of the team did not meet plenty of difficulties from the terrain as they did during their other trip late last year. For instance, the water problem which was a major headache in the previous trips, was solved with the discovery of a spring some twenty minutes walk from the established camp site. Problems related to the security of the team personnel as well as to radio communications were ably taken care of by Sgt. M. Matalines and Pfc F. Guile, both of the 102 P.C. Company. Not only did they perform their duties well, but they also helped in the excavation act ivities, thus augmenting the labor force engaged in the work. By air, Menteng, the excava tion site, may not be more than thirty to forty kilometers away from the coastal town of Kalamansig. However, due to the rough terrain, it takes about a week or so to reach the cave site. In this place, two caves, namely Kan-fenefe and Kan-nitong were marked for systematic studies. The ex cavation was started in the second cave because it is the larger of the two, and as such it is believed that it should yield more significant data. The team spent about a month of careful work in cave Kan-nitong. Hired Manobo la borers hauled the specimens to the camp site. Unfortunately, in the process of handling, several beautiful burial jars were broken. During their stay in Menteng for more than a month, the camp was frequently visited by other Anthropological Expedition Returns from Southwestern Cotabato By DR. MARCELINO N. MACEDA people. Most of their guests were Manobos passing through; some of them came from the neighboring settlements — the nearest of this being about three to four kilometers away. During the Holy Week, Capt. Gabriel Resurrection of Bo. Kulaman and Capt. M. Patron (C.O. of the 102 P.C. Company) in the company of several soldiers and friends of the team leader visited the camp. It should be remember ed that these two persons have helped a lot in the successful exe cution of the reasearch project. Hence, their visit was most wel come. The results of the excavation are encouraging. Among the spe cimens now collected are more than 350 stone burial jars and lids, clay burial jars and pots, stone implements, portions of shell and iron ornaments, and stone flakes. It should be noted that the stone burial jars collected as well as the other data connected with them are the first of their kind in Phil ippine Archaeology! Also among the very interesting finds are the half-moon-shaped, semi-polished scrapers that are suspected to be a new form in archaeology. It is also believed that these tools are probably the same ones used in making the beautiful patterns on the burial jars. The other speci mens obtained are the three incom plete human skulls that have al ready been brought to the univ ersity. These specimens have each a hole in a certain spot on the skull cap, a phenomenon that has yet to be studied. The badly preserved human bones removed from the burial jars were also col lected in as far as they were ana tomically recognizable. And s« were the animal bones and teeth found during the shifting of the dirt from the floor of the cave and from the burial jars. Further more, much charcoal has been collected. This will be sent to some laboratories for radio-carbon examination. It is hoped that the charcoal will give a clue to the age of the culture found in the cave. Due to the difficulty of trans portation from the excavation site, more than 350 specimens have been stored temporarily in a spe cially constructed shed in the base camp. There they await to be transferred to our institution for further studies. Although there were high hopes at the start of the expedition for obtaining a heli copter to solve the transportation problem, it was never marterialized. It should be borne in mind that the burial jars and their lids are rather heavy. They range in weight from 30 to 100 lbs., or even more. Hence, only the smaller specimens were brought down by the team. In addition, a collection of some zoological specimens was brought to the university. It is planned that a larger team will return to the side in May. 'God willing, they intend to finish the second phase of the work. Although the task is difficult, whatever small contribution to the collection of scientific data this research project will be able to give would be another evidence of the modest efforts of the Univedsity of San Carlos to participate in the search for the well-springs of the socalled Filipino Culture. THE CAROLINIAN Page 32 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 THE SOUTHERN ENTRANCE of cave Kan-nitong showing the depth of excavation. WORKING INSIDE THE CAVE THE EXCAVATION team with some of their Holy Week THE CAROLINIAN Page 33 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 PHILIPPINE DANAIDS illustrating a perfect example of Mullerian Mimicry. Their larvae feed on poisonous plants. The adult butterflies enjoy immunity from the attacks by predators on account of their acrid and other repulsive tastes. POLYMORPHISM occurs in the female of “Papilio polytes” “ledebouria” whose larva feeds on the orange family. Shown are male (1), “horsfieldi” female form (2), “praxilla” female forms (3), “elyros” female forms (4), and a local race (5), where the spatulate tails have been reduced to mere stumps. Photos by PETE UY THE CAROLINIAN Page 34 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 The Implication in lepidoptera Research (Continued from page IT) ing the last two congresses of science held in Japan and Hawaii. We are located in a very rich re gion where we are literally wallow ing in brutal abundance of natural history materials for our study. In past decades, we may be right in leaving the task to foreigners since we were yet in the process of pro ducing professionals with univer sity training. Now we have them in abundance — fine young men and women highly qualified to under take scientific assignments. In our particular field of investigation alone, we need scores of similar groups doing their own investiga tions in various parts of the Islands. In the United States for instance, there are nearly ten thousand but terfly collectors. Their combined experience and collections made available to scientists for study have greatly contributed to the solv ing of numerous problems in lepi dopterology and other branches of the biological science. In our coun try we scarcely have three dozen collectors, many of them ama teurs, and the more advance ones are concentrated in Cebu. cause a thoughtful lady loaded us with gift items for our minority brethen whose only reaction upon receiving presents of cloths was a desire to see the angel behind all these blessings. Mrs. Rosario de Veyra had added meaning to our expeditions to Palawan, Mindanao and Mindoro, by sending us car toons of cloths which she personally collected thru students and friends. In the past many months, Fr. Watzlawik, S.V.D., Acting Dean of Col lege of Liberal Arts and Sciences, kept bringing in butterflies col lected by him within the university premises. His contribution of cre puscular Satyrids enabled the wri ter to learn more about the flight habit of these butterflies which are identified with ground level in their twilight activities. That he took a number of these from ground level to the seventh floor or higher is a revealation. The very fatherly at titude and endless encouragement from Fr. Rigney, S.V.D., our Rec tor, the reassuring letters from Fr. Schoenig, S.V.D., and an evei’ ac commodating smile from Brother Willibrord, S.V.D., made it possible for the writer to carry on especially with the vital field works pertinent to the CEBUANA Rhopalocera project. I would end this article by re commending to colleagues and fel low science-diggers a jungle where the chasing of knowledge is less exhaustive, physically speaking. Fr. Baumgartner, S.V.D., the king of this jungle, has provided us with a maze of literature where one can hunt a whole year and find no end to the adventure. Thru his forsight, we now have the best reference literature on lepidoptera in the whole Islands. Without these books, it would be impossible to enjoy a footing from which to take one’s bearing. The Filipiniana section alone is the richest area in our lib rary. We have yet to invent the “net” with which to “collect” all these rich treasures in Fr. Baum gartner’s jungle, but there is always a way to do it. And the sooner we try it the better. I have cited but a few of the im plications which are directly and indirectly the offshoot of the re search project on lepidoptera. No one, not even a genius perhaps, can go on with tedious and, at times, insipid work, unless he enjoys the moral support of friends, the ma terial help of benefactors and in spiration from one or more sources. Lepidoptera research, though full of fascinating contacts with nature thru field trips to forest, jungles, mountain and streams, is not im mune to other influences and im pressions. Personally, I love to go hurdling one barrier after another despite my utterly limited faculty, because there are always kind and thoughtful people who help fan the embers when otherwise favorably breezes are blowing elsewhere. Many otherwise drab jungle in terludes were made bearable be THE CAROLINIAN Page 35 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 WATCHING policies amounting to some P13.000 is success, he thought. Way above conservative esti mates, he continued. Contracts were on file and the anticipated collections were black and livid on a yel low ledger. The reports were signed. The small sound of the city flew in from several stories down like black birds, to fall, to die, at the touch of the cold conditioned air. The secretary’s mascaraed face stolidly announced her leave. “So long, sir. I’ll see you Monday.” “Have a good weekend.” “Yes. You too.” He closed the office and left after her. At the close of the column of figures down the white side walk, he hailed a cab. Through the main street, once around the park, twice around the marketplace until P5.75 he told the driver to drive him home. It was Sunday noon. He was standing under a dead tree. Acacia, most probably. It had been dead for almost a year, this huge ugly looking thing at the corner of the rotunda. A red car came and he told the driver to go on home. He got into the car and drove. He made a swift, clean U turn and was on his way down the narrow street that cut through the estero like a wound. Horses grazed peacefully along the sidewalk. The beach was opulent with Sunday worshippers. By twilight the beach was empty except for some persistent, lazy bathers. The beach seemed sad with all the turmoil of footsteps and amorphous tracks. He walked past the swimmers dead under the weight of sand. He traced a thousand gay footsteps that lay dead, like some painful memory. He watched the fishermen glide across the tranquil, twilight sea. He walked — his mind desperately trying to get hold of something, like the fishermen’s net. He watched the fishermen. He watched the sea. He sat down on the sand and watched the peace and the fury of the sea and sand meeting. Ants crept up his feet to his calf. The tiny, seemingly, harmless pincers pierced his skin. But he did not move. He thought about the empty paper bag running with the wind. The ants continued their assault. The sand mound where the ants marched in regiments was smooth on the dry sand. With a piece of derelict stick he erased the mound from the sand and the ants spilled like a red piece of tattered flesh. He wondered why he did this. “What are you doing, mister?” “Nothing, just passing the time away.” “Can’t you think of anything else to do?” “What’s your name, kid?” “Silvana.” “Good.” “What is good?” “Never mind. Do you know what I’m doing?” “Yes, you’re destroying those poor little things’ hill.” “I’m scaring these ants away. They’re little but they bite.” “You know Mister? I’ve been scaring those ants away all my life. Those ants have always been here, even before we built our resthouse. See that fat man cleaning his ears way over there? That’s my father. Anyway, I come here everyday to destroy their hills. It’s a passion in me. But they go build ing them again. Then I destroy them once more and once more they build them, higher and higher. Seems stupid, isn’t it? Then I destroy their hills again and right there exactly, they build them again. Talk about persistence!” “No brains, these ants.” “Well, not exactly, just... I don’t know. If I were an ant I think I’d do the same.” “Why?” “Well, I have to go.” She wiped away an ant from her hand and licked it, soothing it with spit and sand. “I’ll see you again, mister.” The little girl disappeared behind the palms. He thought of his own girl. But she wasn’t as smart as that one, he thought. The thought of the ants assaulted his mind. But he did not care too much whether or not the ants planned on building their anthills again. He knew the ants would build their hills again, in Tomorrow !§ a 1 Nmj. to. Az human! THE CAROLINIAN Page 36 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 the night. Tomorrow, tomorrow the child will come... He wiped the ants and the sand off his trousers and walked. A young girl, her legs white and shiny where the sea licked her, splashed sea water toward him. But he walked, leaving her invitation wild and vagabond as the wind. It did not matter now, he thought, whether or not he took the girl; whether or not the ants built their anthills again. Nothing mat tered. Now he wished he had been a writer, or a poet, walking down the beach, seeing mermaids and all kinds of crazy things. He should have been. That’s the rut — a poet walking down the beach, old, with the bottoms of his trousers rolled. The anthills disturbed him again. Even if their hills were destroyed they came again to build them, higher than the last. Life is an insurance company, he thought. Life is no more than a figure and a fact. Love is statistics. Annika — he knew he was not making her happy. How much can an unhappy man give happiness to his wife? He let the foam lick his feet and the wind sing songs to touch his heart. A body was washed from the sea and the scream of a woman seared the twilight and the silent rustle of the sea. He did not move. The disciples of the sand hurried toward the scene. In a moment everyone was around this bloated body. He walked past thinking about the ants who were building their hills. “I am unhappy,” Annika said, clinging to a young man’s bare chest. “I am unhappy,” she repeated. Anacleto kissed her on the forehead. "How? you have everything here.” "Except what I want.” “What?” “Maybe love.” There was silence—because a caress was sound less. “God!” She tuned in the radio. "There must be sound between us.” by Bataan Faigao THE CAROLINIAN Page 37 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 “I’m sorry,” he said and switched the music off. “That’s a ritual in this house. Silence is a pass word. My husband is in insurance. In that business they insure everything except the heart.” She switched on the record player. “We must do something, Anacleto.” He switched it off. “Do something? Of course.” She switched on the record player. ♦ * ♦ ♦ Anacleto walked down the deserted street, think ing about her scheme. He wondered how things would turn out, with Annika and her daughter' Agnes. Life appalled him, as much as the church piercing through a dark sky. He remembered his days in the seminary, those lost and ancient days. He went inside the church. Everything to him was strange. He walked out. An old woman stretched out her palms. She cursed him as he walked past. After a block a girl in a red tight dress asked for a light to her cigarette. He handed her his match and walked on. Emptiness descended upon him like a sudden evening. After several turns a man stopped him in a corner and threatened him with a knife. “Your money, sir.” He took out his wallet and handed it to the man. The man walked away and he stood there, very sleepy. He stood beside a lamp post thinking how to get home. Crispin opened the door and kissed Annika on the cheek. “Hello, Daddy.” Agnes climbed up her father and kissed him. “Daddy, I got a doll from Uncle Andy.” They walked to the living room. He sat on his easy chair, took off his shoes, sighed. “Hello, Annika. How was your day?” “Fine. How was the beach?” “Same.” She walked out to the kitchen to see if dinner was ready. Agnes came in with her doll. “Forgive me Agnes, but not now. Your Daddy is tired.” “Okay, I’ll go to my room and play. I called her Annika, like mother.” The light was insipid in the meticulously decorat ed room. The grandfather clock killed the seconds away. Dinner was served and they took their places at the table. Dinner was silent. Dinner was over. They walked to the living room. Crispin read the newspapers. Annika smoked. Agnes played with her doll Annika. The grandfather clock ticked the minutes away. “Time for bed, darling.” “Postponement, mommy.” “No postponement tonight.” “Kill-joy!” “Come now.” She took Agnes to bed. She was nervous, thinking what he would do when she told him she was going away. She came back to the living room. After a while both marched to their bedroom. Annika slipped into her night gown. Crispin put on his pajamas, settled in bed, and smoked a cigarette. The light was dim, dying... He switched it off and the darkness murdered her in the dark. "Come now, dear.” “Crispin?” “Yes, Annika.” “I have something to tell you.” “What?” “I’m going away.” "You’re going away?” “Yes, with Anacleto, away from here.” “And Agnes?” “She’s coming with me.” “Will she be all right?” “I will go away tomorrow.” “Give her my love.” “Are you mad?” “Yes.” “Won’t you be lonely?” She felt a tear in her eye. “Of course.” “Forgive me, Crispin.” “Yes.” And he turned to face the wall. He was sad and sleepy. He knew the ants were building their hills at this precise moment. And she came to bed silently, her back against his. He slept, separated from her by an emptiness thick and resilient in the dark. She knew the silence and soon, tomorrow, she hoped, it would be gone. Perhaps. $ THE CAROLINIAN Page 38 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 ^Poem 1: reluming to wkece (Re sun mus( set to c. s. cesit G. mojaces blue as mountains cold upon the bay, green the sabbath waters clear as days, wash over me, dream me downwards where what blue shapes of light charm the lovely strangers of our nights. pale as what dreams on what silent faces bear the soundless depths of eveningchurches, move as what shadows slowly move the seas to break then sleep in strange new shores. still would the lonely swimmer of the weeping waters bear the sweep of somber cliffs, but in silence upon silence: our language and our speech pure as days and crystal wings swift as love and deep p o E deeply as the touch would say the golden secret of our day. T ^Poem 2: an apologg fo j. e. p cesil G. mojaces only this a face floating incandescenfly in the fog: this white permanence monumented in the voices and the swirl but only this even with each departure into the mysteries of night even in the somnambulistic rotation of day-bound feet i revolve around the fluid axis of memory: (the rituals of silent cathedrals) consecrated and ordained in this priesthood of feeling. this is the strange attraction of notsostrange planets within this heavenly sphere within this universe defined by towers of prayer and spires of fire, this is all you have to know: (only this but only this) memory purifies and love. ¥ THE CAROLINIAN Page 39 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 Ano 27 No. 5 MAYO — JUNIO 19 6 4 SECClto c ML (Hid Himno Lindo el capullo de seda, — iflor de azahar! mas linda la mariposa. — iQuien tuviera alas, corazon, para volar! — La mariposa que suena, — iflor de azahar! — con ser petalo de rosa. — iQuien tuviera alas, corazon, para volar! — Agil escala de luz — iflor de jazmin! — tendida por una estrella. — iQuien tuviera alas para evadirse, por fin! — Mas agil la mariposa, — iflor de jazmin! — que se pierde por ella. — iQuien tuviera alas para evadirse, por fin! — Ay, corazon de mi Dios, — iflor de pasion! — abierto como una rosa. — iQuien tuviera alas para volar, corazon! — Entre sus petalos arde, — iflor de pasion! — petalo, la mariposa. — iQuien tuviera alas para volar, corazon! — —CLEMENTE RUPPEL, S.V.D. LO VITAL EN LO CRISTIANO "Corred para alcanzar la caridad" (I Cor 14, I). La Iglesia no es una academia de retoricos, mucho menos es un museo para archivar, entre inciensos liturgicos, los cuadros evangelicos, las palmas de sus mirtires y los libros de sus apostoles y de sus sabios. No, la Iglesia es un ser vivo y vital, divino y humano, uno y universal, plantado en la tierra por Cristo, Dios y hombre, para dar la vida eterna a toda la Humanidad redimida. "Fuisteis rescatados de vuestra vana conducta de vida, que recibisteis de vuestros padres... con la sangre preciosa de Cristo" (I Pedro I, 18). El alma de este organismo vivo, que es la Iglesia, es Dios mismo. "Dios es caridad; y el que permanece en caridad en Dios permanese, y Dios en el" (I Juan 4, 16). Por eso la caridad, es decir, el amor a Dios y al projimo en accion, es, mas que la ley entera del cristianismo, su esencia vital, el cemento de su unidad y la proyeccion fecunda y brillante de universalidad, que arranca del centro mismo del Corazon de Cristo. "Amaris al Senor Dios tuyo... Amaris a tu prijimo como a ti mismo.. En estos dos mandamientos esti cifrada toda la ley y los profetas" (Mateo 22, 17-40). Antes de Cristo, a nadie se Io habia ocurrido establecer el amor en relacion directa con Dios mismo con un sentido de familia. "Vosotros que antes no erais pueblo, ahora sois el pueblo de Dios" (I Pedro 2, 10). Los dioses mitologicos de las civilizaciones paganas eran puros numeros estelares que se divertian en las lejanias brumosas del Olimpo, indiferentes a las voces doloridas de los hombres. "(Vosotros) no habiais alcanzado misericordia, y ahora la alcanzasteis" (I Pedro 2, 10). En el cristianismo Dios es Padre. "Habeis recibido el espfritu de adopciin de hijos en virtud del cual clamamos Abba, |Oh Padre!" (Romanos 8, 15). En el cristianismo todos los hombres son hermanos, y la Humanidad entera, sin distincion de razas y de castas, una gran familia. "Vosotros... sois el linaje escogido, una clase de sacerdotes reyes, gente santa, pueblo de conquista, para publicar las grandezas de aquel que os saci de las tinieblas a su luz admirable" (I Pedro 2, 9). Con todo su refinamiento juridico, Roma ni consiguio siquiera encasillar a los hombres en su puesto, ni a los derechos y deberes en sus tirminos de justicia y de equidad. El Cristianismo, si; y Io consiguio por la caridad, cuyo primer deber es el cumplimiento de la justicia para con Dios y para con los hombres. Es mis: la caridad del cristianismo manda no solo dar a cada uno Io suyo, y que cada uno ocupe Io suyo, y que cada uno ocupe el puesto que le corresponde jerarquicamente en el mundo. "Honrad a todos, amad a los hermanos, temed a Dios, respetad al Rey" (I Pedro 2, 17). Ademas de eso, y para lograr eso, la caridad no levanta tabiques divisorios entre los hombres, porque "la caridad no tiene envidia, no se ensoberbece... no se huelga de la injusticia, mas se complace en la verdad; a todo se acomoda, cree todo, todo Io espera, y Io soporta todo" (I Cor 13, 4-7). Por consiguiente, la caridad establece una circulacion vital de afectos y de sonrisas en la conciencia, que expiota con reverberos de armonia y de paz en nuestras relaciones sociales. De ahi que el Papa Pablo VI pudo aseverar "que la misi6n del cristianismo es una misi6n de amistad entre los pueblos de la tierra, una misiin de comprensiin, de inimo, de predicaci6n, de elevaci6n y — digimoslo una vez mis — una misiin de bienaventuranza" (Alocucidn de Belen, 6 de enero de 1964). —LUIS EUGENIO THE CAROLINIAN Page 40 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 IMPRONTAS 1. Mecenas, amigo y politico pacifista de honda raigambre patriotica de Cesar Augusto, no entro en la Historia como eximio estatista y procer de su epoca, sino que paso a la posteridad como sinonimo de generosidad para los cultivadores de las letras. Se distinguio tambien por su excelente criterio para distinguir el verdadero talento de los escritores. Muestra de ello son las mas eximios hombres de letras romanos: Horacio y Virgilio. 2. Por alusiin a Cayo Cilnio Mece nas, protector de las letras y de los literatos, se llama "mecenas" a todo prfncipe o persona que patrocina a los hom bres de letras y de las artes. En base a esta definiciin, Alfredo Bernardo N6bel es un mecenas en el sentido mis cabal de la palabra, con la diferencia de que sobre cualquier otro mecenas, Nibel tiene la ventaja de ser mecenas de caricter internacional. 3. Cayo Cilnio Mecenas no solo protegio y patrocind a los hombres de letras de su epoca, sino que a su vez aspird a los laureles del poeta, pero le impidio cosecharselos el excesivo omato de su estilo. Nobel nutria identica ambicion, y corrio suerte analoga; pero cayo victima del exagerado romanticismo frances — tetrico y frio y descreido. 4. Su estancia en Paris fue Io que mis le influyi en sus embestidas poeticas. He aquf una muestra de su escepticismo: Soy un enigma, dices... I SI, tel veil Pero, ino tomes todos mlsterlosos enigmas, que el dolor Inlcla un dla, y otro dla los trunca entre los tormentos? £Qu4 vine a hacer en este mundo? Mis deseos, cadenas son que al mundo me su|etan. Los altos pensamlentos me subliman a esferas engafiosac, y me flngen vanas figures de almas Inmortales; pero el tiempo sobre esas fantasias Hondo su velo, y otra vida empleia: la del gusano que se nutre hambrlento del coraidn del hombre putrefacto. — 5. Nobel siempre sera considerado como la paradoja enigmatica. Siendo el inventor de elementos quimicos espeluznantemente mortiferos y destrutores, como lo son la nitroglicerina y la dinamita, — entre otros inventos, — elementos que reclamaron millones de vidas humanas en el vaiv&i politicopor LUIS EUGENIO SCHONFELD, SVD belico en la Europa de su epoca, culmind, no obstante, por ser — aunque tarde en su vida — el maximo propulsor y fomentador de la paz universal. Uno de los premios Nobel ha de adjudicarse “al que trabajase con m&s eficacia en la obra de la paz entre las naciones.” 6. En los aconteceres cotidianos de los hombres, la mujer siempre ha hecho sentir su presencia, ya junto al individuo, ya en la sociedad en que se moviera. En la vida de Nibel se destaca una mujer amiga, quien a fuer de fran ca y sincere, logri determinar, mediante su ascendiente cultural sobre N6bel, hechos trascendentales de su vida. Es Berta Kinsky, mis tarde la Baronesa de Suttner, persona cultisima, autora de numerosfsimos libros, que, sin haber sido su "Mistress" o "Pompadour", Iogr6 que Nibel diese un viraje comCleto en su vida hacia la promotion de i paz, de las letras y de las ciencias, mediante la instituciin de los Premios Nibel. 7. Toda la actividad como tam bien la conducta de Nobel acusan sentidamente briznas nostalgicas, debidas, acaso, a la ausencia de fa milia, pues nunca la tuvo. Su autocritica es severisima. Esto se echa de ver en su “autobiografia” que hizo de si mismo con buen sen tido de humor: “Un medico compasivo deberia haberlo muerto cuando llego berreando a este mundo. Sus mlritos may ores: la pulcritud con que cuida sus unas y el que jamds fue carga para nadie. Sus defectos mayores: no tener familia, ser un cuitado y digirir mal. Acontecimientos notables de su vida: |Ninguno!” 8. En 1895, Nibel hizo testamento, disponiendo que las rentas de su fortu ne, adquirida por su invento de los ele mentos explosivos, la cual ascendia a 30,000,000 coronas, se distribuyeran en cinco premios anuales a otros tantos individuos que hiciesen algun descubrimiento trascendental en las ciencias ffsicas, ciencias qufmicas y fisiologfa o medicina, o escribiese la obra literaria de miras mis ideates, o trabajase con mis eficacia en la obra de la paz entre las naciones. 9. Ademas de su testamento, se hallaban unas notas que decian filosoficamente: “No desearia de jar nada a un hombre de action, pues con ello se sentiria inclinado a abandonar su trabajo. En cambio, me gustaria ayudar a los sonadores porque a estos les es dificil avanzar en la vida.” 10. Mecenas juzgaba como lo mis preciado de su vida el haber nacido caballero romano" y poder disfrutar a sus anchas los goces de la vida. Nibel, si bien viajaba extensamente, no se dio al disfrute de los goces de la vida; muy al contrario, el tiempo parecfa escurrfrselo de las manos. Pero sf, consideraba como timbre de honor el haber sido noruego, y uno de los grandes afractivos al final de su vida, era volver a Estocolmo. En vez de disfrutar los goces, gozaba la comuniin intelectual y cultu ral del matrimonio Suttner, los mis fntimos e influyentes amigos suyos, hasta el fin de su vida. 11. Los primeros premios Nobel fueron entregados el 10 de diciembre de 1901. Por supuesto que el premio de literatura es el mas apreciado, por dos razones : 1) Por el asunto economico; 2) Porque es de resonancia internacional. El pri mer espanol que recibiera el premio Nobel de literatura fue Jose Echegaray, en 1904. Fue un dia de triunfo para toda Espana, y efectivamente todos los sectores de la vida cultural e intelectual tributaron su adhesion y sus parabienes al insigne dramaturgo madrileno. $ THE CAROLINIAN Page 41 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 De Profundis De tanto mirar la sangre de tu costado, joh mi Dios, oh mi dulce mall, se me ha saltado del coraz6n de piedra un doloroso manantial, que recorriendo, pesado y profundo, mis entranas, joh mi Dios, oh mi dulce mall, se me vuelca por los ojos en espesas iSgrimas de acfbar y de sal. De tanto escrutar tus labios enmudecidos, joh mi Dios, oh mi amargo bienl, han debido perecer en mi boca — a dentelladas — la burla imbecil y el desden. para que de ella naciera, entre sacudidas de llanto, joh mi Dios, oh mi amargo bienl, el alarido de Dimas que demanda de tus labios la promesa del Eden. De tanto explorar tu corona de espinas, joh mi Dios, oh mi amargo dulzorl, se me desploma sobre el pecho la cabeza en un arranque de confusibn y de dolor.. . iQuien supondrfa que al cabo de dos milenios, [oh mi Dios, oh mi amargo dulzorl, este rosal renegado habrfa de darte tantas espinas y ninguna flor? De tanto contemplar tus manos y tus pies clavados, joh mi Dios, oh mi huerfano Jesus!, veo de pronto mi descarado olvido y el de tu pueblo a plena luz... iQuien dirfa que en el decurso de veinte siglos, joh mi Dios, oh mi huerfano Jesus!, a nadie se le ocurriera desclavarte, para librarte de la Cruz?.. . jOh mi Dios desventurado, mi amargo amigo, mi dulce mal, mi gozo cruel: toda una vida que te conozco, y haberte sido siempre infiell. .. [Toda una vida que me acosa tu coraz6n, en ansia cruel, para instalarse en mi pecho, y morirse de frfo y de soledad en el.. . —CLEMENTE RUPPEL, S.V.D. THE CAROLINIAN Page 42 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 {DICHOSA NENA! |Canta que canta! Las armonias de los tonos no las sientes aun, y de las desarmonias en el gran mundo no sabes nada todavia. Te gusta el canto tai cual te sale de la boca. Todo es armonia para ti; porque tu misma eres toda armonia. j Dichosa nena! Para ti todas las rosas solo tienen petalos y deliciosa fragancia — y ninguna espina. Pa ra ti el cielo esta tan Ueno de sol, que no ves lo sucio del barro. En tus labios perdura la sonrisa desde la manana hasta la noche, y cuando duermes estas sonriendo todavia con los angeles, porque no sabes que hacer con las lagrimas. No sabes aun que Dios las ha dado al hombre para limpiar los ojos y purificar el corazdn. Te parece tan natural que el corazdn no se ensucie nunca, y que, para limpiarse los ojos deberia bastar el rocio de la noche. i Dichosa nena! Sigue cantando y no dejes de tocar el piano, para que no oigas los estallidos de las mortiferas bombas que siempre to davia siguen cayendo de los aires, y para que no te atemorice el llanto de muj eres y hombres y ninos, pequenos como tu, que estan agonizando, destrozados sus cuerjiecitos y banados todos en su propia sangre, porque hombres, muchos hombres, han recibido ordenes de sus supe riors de matar, matar y matar. Cuando duermes estas sonriendo todavia con los angeles . . . I^^ickosa KI IE KI A! por ERLINDA N. RODRIGUEZ Colegio de Aries Liberates No interrumpas, preciosa nena, tu concierto, para que, no haciendo nada, no encuentres un diario con fotografias, donde veas ninos, muchos ninos descalzos, con el vestido roto, las mejillas hundidas y la carita tan triste, tan palida en me dio de ciudades en ruinas y nadie te diga que es por la guerra y lo veas con tus propios ojos, que los hombres se han hecho mas fieros que la fiera, mas lobos que los lobos, y que asi pierdas toda esperanza en los hombres y te sientas desilusionada del mundo entero. iDichosa nena! Cuando tienes hambre, vas a mama — y siempre hay algo. Pero, jcuidado con pre guntar: cuanto tiempo tuvo que trabajar tu papa, para que a ti no te faltara nada! Tambien te aconsejo ser prudente y no preguntar cuanto tuvo que pagar mama por la leche que tanto te gusta; si no, podria ser que no te gustaria mas la leche, ni pan, ni frutas, ni came y entonces empezarias a afligirte mucho y tai vez tomes rencores, y — I adios canto y piano! {Dichosa nena! No dejes de can tar nunca tu: “Oh Maria, Madre mia ... !” No te equivocas cuando la crees ver; porque esta en el cielo, como tu madre carnal esta a tu lado. Ella es, como lo crees, buena, cien veces mas buena y mil veces mds poderosa que tu mamita de la tierra. Te ve Ella y te oye, y como tu la quieres, ella te quiere a ti. Tampoco debes desaprender nun ca el canto: “Cantemos al Amor de los amores.” Porque las gentes mayores no creen mas en el amor de Dios. Saben que Dios mismo ha dicho: “Arrojad todas vuestras preocupaciones en Dios, y &l os aliviara." Pero no lo creen. Las aguas de las tribulaciones les llegan hasta la boca, y se vuelven nerviosos e incredulos. Tu no puedes comprender todo esto, porque ves todos los dias a los pajarillos, como vuelan y can tan, a pesar de que nadie les da comida; porque tu lo sabes bien, que es Dios que les da de comer. Y los lirios y flores del campo: j claro que tu tienes razon!, Dios los viste. j Y que bien los viste! Ninguno de tus vestidos es como uno de ellos. 4Sabes una cosa, nena? jHagamos un contrato! [Nosotros, los grandes, por un lado, y tu por el otro lado! Tu debes seguir cantando y tocando el piano, para que nuestra vida no nos venza y nuestra fe on Dios no vacile — y nosotros haremos todo lo humanamente posible para que nadie te robe el paraiso de tus ahos, donde ambulas todavia con Dios, en compania de los ange les. ft THE CAROLINIAN Page 43 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 S&tyla de “Y en verdad os digo que dondequiera que este Evangelio sea predicado, tam bien sera referido lo que ella hizo para memoria suya". Mateo 26, 13. Ante el nardo ofrendado por Magdalena al Senor, Judas reacciona airadamente. El, que esta acostumbrado a manejar monedas, no entiende el sentido de un acto sin fin practico. Tu, que eres joven, te habras sentido herido muchas veces por criticas punzantes de quienes no entienden que puedes realizar algo con un fin que no sea lucro. Jesus fue el primero que, defendiendote anticipadamente, hizo el "elogio de lo superfluo”. Comprendemos que te hayas sentido emocionado por sus palabras que glorifican el color que no se puede marcar, la forma que es asi, simplemente porque si, la belleza y el ritmo que son, simplemente. Solo quien como tu es joven, de edad o de espiritu, puede entender que no se den los frutos del otono sin el derroche de la primavera, o que se puede preferir un arriate de inutiles rosas a un plantio de hortalizas. En el fondo, el utilitarismo de los iscariotes que consideran superfluos los ideales, esconde un egoismo absoluto y el mas burdo materialismo. Elios tambien, con el prel £upekftua texto de defender a los necesitados, pretenden fundar un gobierno tem poral. Los ninos son maestros en valorar lo “inutil”, lo superfluo. Por ello juegan sin perseguir ningun El termino se usa mucho. Se habla de “fe madura”, de "cristianis mo maduro”, de “juventud madu ra”. Hay palabras prenadas de significado que lamentablemente se ponen de moda, pues de tanto usarlas se abaratan. El termino madurez es relativo. Cuando se lo une a juventud pareciera sonar a contrasentido, porque es propio de aquella estar en camino y no en posesion de la madurez. Por otra parte, es un concepto cargado de dinamismo porque no se logra la madurez de una vez y para siempre, como se conservan los veinte arios una vez que se han cumplido. Podemos hablar mas bien de una actitud madura que como todo lo humano tendra sus altibajos, sus subidas y bajadas. Ademas es preciso diferenciar terminos que a ve ces se confunden: madurez no significa solemnidad, que es empacaor MARIELLA y DANIEL objetivo en su accion; desgastan energias, corren, parlotean, para nada ..., aparentemente para nada. El Evangelio es la restauracion del valor de la belleza, de la vida de la poesia, del espiritu. En el, tu poesia, tu vida, tu idealismo hallaran el genuino justificative. # Wadutetz, miento y falta de espontaneidad; madurez no es un riguroso actuar siempre bien ni la posesion a veces ingenua de un esquema que creemos verdadero que todo lo resuelve. Lejos de ello, hay madurez en las dudas del que sabe que la verdad tiene infinitas aristas que son imposibles de abacar todas juntas a la vez; madurez es pensar que nuestro criterio no es el unico patron de juicio; madurez es saber decir si cuando estamos seguros de poder cumplir el compromiso y decir jno! sin el menor empacho cuando el hacerlo implica traicionarnos a nosotros mismos. La madurez es una meta que siempre se aleja, que nunca se logra complemente, pero por la que hay que luchar sin descanso. Con estos reparos tambien nosotros deseamos a nuestros amigos una autentica madurez.# UN SACRISTAN DISTRAIDO El senor Cura de aquel pueblito de campana estaba enfermo, y acontecid que no pudiendo celebrar la santa misa del domingo, llamo a su sacristan y le di jo: —Mira, Tiburcio. Ya ves que continuo con mucha fiebre, de modo que me sera imposible celebrar. Me haras un favor. Toma un papel anota en el lo que te voy a decir; te subes al pulpito y das a los fieles los avisos que te seiialare. —Muy bien, Padre. —Les dices que yo estoy enfermo, y que no podran oir misa, pero que eso no es pecado; que manana lunes se casan Maria Fernandez con Juan Perez, que el martes no se puede comer came; que el miercoles es la fiesta de San Pedro y San Pablo; que el jueves es vispera del primer’ viernes y que se atenderan confesiones, y que el domingo se hara la colecta para enviar el obolo al Papa, y que la cartera que olvidaron en la iglesia puede su dueno pedirla en la sacristia. —i Lo anotaste todo ? —No, Padre, pero me voy a acordar de todo perfectamente. Momentos despues, el sacristan sube al pulpito y dice: —El senor Cura esta enfermo, y eso no es pecado; manana lunes se casan San Pedro y San Pablo; pasado manana Maria Fernandez y Juan Perez no deben comer carne; el jueves es el pri mer viernes y el domingo vendra a esta iglesia el Papa a pedir limosna con la cartera que esta en la sacristia. —JERONIMO DE BRASILERA Colegio de Comercio THE CAROLINIAN Page 44 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 ‘"‘Random <=Ylote6 . . (Continued from page 28) II Tike Wintkrop J^elteri THE charming letters of John and Margaret Winthrop are interesting for a variety of reasons. One of these Foerster mentions in the in troductory note to his selection of letters in American Prose and Poet ry. The correspondence of the Winthrops, he assures us, “charm ingly reveals the Puritan heart.” Perhaps that is the first character istic of the letters that impresses the reader—they are, indeed, a re velation of the Puritan heart. The Puritan heart was full of well-ordered affections. Order was basic to the Puritan concept of life. This notion of order extended also to the affections of man. First in a Puritan’s affections came God. He was acknowledged to be the sole ruler of the universe and nothing, whether of good or of ill, occurred without the permission of God’s be nevolent providence. That is why Margaret Winthrop desires that “we may be guided by God in all our ways” and praises His mercy when she and all the members of the family enjoy good health. When she receives good news about Hen ry, her son, she hopes the Lord will make them all thankful for His mer cies “to us and ours.” That she is forced at times to be separated from her husband is indeed painful, but she finds courage and comfort in the thought that God “will bring us together again in his own good time.” And with a delightful touch of humor, she adds “for wh:ch time I shall pray.” In thus giving the first place in her affections to God. Margaret Winthrop was but following the lead of her illustrious husband. His letters reveal, if possible, and even deeper faith than hers and a more vivid realization of the primacy of God. John Winthrop believed that “the favor and the blessing of God is better than all things besides” and that favor and blessing he strove to win both for himself and his family by his blameless way of life. He hoped to pass through the course of his pilgrimage in the peace of a good conscience and in the end to attain the haven of eter nal happiness. To similar hopes and efforts he spurred his wife and their children. He enjoined Marga ret to “labor to draw him (their son John) yet nearer to God.” In all the large and small affairs of his event ful life John Winthrop saw clearly the hand of God It was the good pleasure of God that enabled him to write yet another letter to his wife before he sailed from Old Eng land to establish a new home in the wilderness. It was God who would guide the Puritans on their perilous passage across the Atlan tic. And when the hand of the Lord struck Henry, their son, John urged his wife to praise the mercies of God since he and the rest of the children were safe and in good health. The many privations the early colonists had to endure in the wilderness were but means “where by God hath ordained to do us good by.” Yet for all his deep piety and faith, John Winthrop was not a befuddled mystic with his head in the clouds. Or, if his head was in the clouds, his feet still remained firmly rooted in solid ground. He had the good common sense of the average Puritan and always re tained his practical sense of values. Both the list he prepared of the things needed in the colony and the advice he gave Margaret Winthrop about the goat and the garden am ply attest that John Winthrop was a practical man. He was also some thing of a psychologist and knew well the feminine heart. For the feminine heart, whether Puritan or otherwise, is always susceptible to flattery and John Winthrop was adept at flattery. “Although I wrote to thee last week... I must needs write to thee again: for I do esteem one little, sweet, short letter of thine (such as the last was) to be well worthy two or three from me.” Or was John Winthrop administering with all possible gentleness a re buke to his absent wife for the brev ity of her letters? If the letters of the Winthrops “charmingly reveal the Puritan heart,” they also afford us an in timate glimpse into a typical Puri tan family and home. The basic idea of order is evident also here. The head of the family is the father to whom all must show reverence and respect. Margaret is ever his “obedient wife” whose one wish is that she may always be pleasing to her husband. “I will do any service wherein I may please my good hus band.” And he is truly the master of the house, anxiously concerned about everything that pertains to his family—their health, their stu dies, the upkeep of the land, food and clothing for all. That is why his letters are so full of admoni tions and instructions. The letters are remarkable for their extremely affectionate tone. One can hardly imagine that today a husband and wife would be so effusive in their protestations of mutual love. Various explanations may be offered for this remarkably affectionate tone of the letters. Per haps it was not customary at that time to express one’s love in the more modern manner of affection ate embraces. Recourse had to be had to such written avowals. Then the frequent and lengthy absence of the husband from his wife made it necessary for the respective spou ses to reassure one another of their continued and enduring love. Fur thermore the Puritan home was supposed to be an earthly replica of the kingdom of God in which mem bership was attained by faith. But love was simply an expression of faith in the beloved and by remain ing always faithful to one another husband and wife hoped to deepen their respective faith in God and thus prepare themselves for eternal union with Him. The letters are truly charming. They make for interesting and even instructive reading if only because they reveal so completely the char acteristics of those men and women who braved the perils of the wild erness to found a new nation in America. If from history we know that these men and women were not without their faults and fail ings, we are forced nevertheless to admire their utter sincerity and deep faith in God. In this they have bequeathed to posterity an example that is too frequently overlooked or ignored. $ THE CAROLINIAN Poge 45 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 Some Facts About USC’s Patron Saint . . . St. Charles ftomweo SAINT CHARLES BORROMEO was born in an age when some people used to say “If you want to go to Hell, be a priest.” It might be difficult for the read er to understand the foregoing statement if he does not know a little of Church history that dates back particularly to the early part of the sixteenth century. Corrup tion and vice, practiced in and out side the Church by priests and non priests. marked the general order of that era. The Church fought a grim battle against its wavward mem bers as the call for reformation and counter-reformation rocked the so cial and political foundations of the time It was not surprising, then to find the clergy, secular and regular, living an ODen life of scandal and sniritual soualor. “They walked the streets in lay dress, complete with sword and pistol. Churches were in a half-ruinous condition, the sacred vessels corroded with rust, the vest ments moth-eaten” commented Rev. Francis Holland, O.S.C., in his bio graphical account of St. Charles. Intrigues from within threatened the very structure of the Church. As a consequence thereof, the faith of the populace wavered. It was in deed a time that called for a man of God to rekindle the flame of faith and once more show his flock the “way to salvation.” Four men answered the call. One of them was Saint Charles Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan and Cardinal. *The three other men: Pope St. Pius V; St. Philip Neri and St. Ignatius Loyola. by TOMAS Thus, Very Rev. Father Albert van Gansewinkel, former USC Rec tor, wrote in an editorial: “As you enter the lobby of the Collegiate Building of the Univer sity, your eyes are drawn to a life size statue in bronze. A man in a bishop’s garb, with a powerful ges ture, and energetic features. Saint Charles Borromeo, the Patron Saint of the University since 1779. The statue, a gift of the USC Alum ni Association, was ordered and made in Milan. Italy, where St. Charles was Archbishop and Cardi nal in the sixteenth century. That century was one of the most critical, stormy, and important periods in the entire history of the Church; and St. Charles, a Cardinal at the age of 22, Secretary of State under Pope Paul IV and at the age of 40, was one of the most outstanding, clearsighted, powerful leaders.” (From the Carolinian, December edition, 1952). St. Charles was born in the Castle of Arona on Lake Maggiore on Oct ober 2, 1538. He was the second of two sons in a family of six. At the age of twelve, after he received his clerical tonsure, St. Charles became the assignee of the Abbey of Arona with a revenue of thirteen thousand pounds a year. The rich Benedictine Abbey was assigned to him by his uncle, Julius Caesar Borromeo. St. Charles parents, Count Gilbert Bor romeo and Margaret (whoseyoung er brother was Pope Pius IV), were ECHIVARRE surprised upon learning that the boy insisted on spending the money for the poor. As a student, St. Charles was not brilliant and he suffered an impe diment in his speech. However, a friend of his said: “I have often wondered how it was that, without any natural eloquence or anything attractive in his manner, he was able to work such changes in the hearts of his hearers. He spoke but little, gravely, and in a voice rarely audible—but his words always had effect.” The young Charles learned his Latin at Milan and afterwards went to the University of Pavia where his prudence and self-dis cipline made him a model to the youth in that University, who ac cording to some authorities, “had an evil reputation for vice.” At the age of twenty-one, he became a Doctor of Civil and Canon Law. In 1550, he was nominated by the new Pope, Cardinal de Medici (his uncle) administrator of the vacant See of Milan. (Actually he took possession of the See in 1565. be fore him. no other Archbishop had lived and resided in Milan for 80 years). In quick succession, Charles was named legate to Bologna, Romagna, and the March of Ancona, and pro tector of Portugal, the Low Count ries, the Catholic cantons of Swit zerland, and the orders of St. Fran cis, the Carmelites, the Knights of Malta and many others. St. Charles THE CAROLINIAN Page 46 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 ST. CHARLES BORROMEO received all these honors at the young age of twenty-three. But despite all this, he was openly opposed to ostentation and luxury. When someone offered to have St. Charles’ bed warmed, he was heard to have said, “The best way not to find a bed cold, is to go colder than the bed is.” At the age of 27, he assumed the duties of his Pastoral Office. His diocese was one of the largest in Italy and contained 2,200 churches and some 600,000 souls to care for. With mind and heart, St. Charles worked to restore the faith of the people towards the priesthood and eventually succeeded in putting the vocation in its proper place in the hearts of the faithful. Because of his intense devotion to whip the errant clergy into line, he had to incur the ire of some suf fragans and priests who did not like his reforms. (One reform enforced by him: all his clergy should be clean-shaven). Thus his life was in danger when a religious order call ed Humiliati tried to prevail upon the Pope to annul St. Charles’ re gulations. One of the Humiliati themselves, a priest called Jerome Donati Farina, agreed to carry out the plot to assassinate St. Charles after the Pope supported the latter’s reforms and frustrated the Humiliati’s desire to have the same annuled. Three priors hatched out the evil scheme to liquidate St. Charles, agreed to do the deed. (The sum and for forty gold pieces, Farina was raised by selling ornaments from a church). Posting himself at the door of the Chapel in the young archbishop’s house, Farina, on October 26,1569, while St. Charles was saying his evening prayers with the rest of his household, shot him at the mo ment when the following words were sung: "It is time therefore that I return to Him that sent me.” Charles fell, but he was only grazed by Farina’s bullet. As a patron of learning, St. Charles was without peer. In the succeeding years, he established six (6) seminaries accommodating more than 700 students. He also founded the Jesuit College at Bresa (1573) and the Swiss College in Milan (1579). He was the origin ator of the “Sunday-Schools,” two hundred years before Robert Raikes distinguished himself in England for his great dedication and work among Protestant Children. At an age when most men reach the prime of their life and the peak of their careers, St. Charles gave up his life. He died at the age of 46. His last words at the hour of his passing were “Ecce Venio”, "Be hold I Come”. The life and times of Saint Charles Borromeo should be a con tinuing inspiration not only for the youth but also for the clergy. May each Carolinian be proud of the fact that his forefathers have chosen St. Charles for the patron of the University. May he be proud that they had chosen well. # THE CAROLINIAN Page 47 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 Editorial Comments Other Tarucs, Other Lavas The capture of Jesus Lava at a time of renewed Huk terrorism in Pampanga is a severe blow to the communist movement in the Phil ippines. A Marxist intellectual, Lava pro vided the brains of the indigenous communist revolution. He is even reported to have authored some of the “Political Transmissions” which dictate the policies and lines of action for the entire movement in the country, to follow. With Lava’s capture, commun ism in the country may be said to have lost its brain. But it would be naive, to suppose that the end of Lava necessarily spells the end of the communist rebellion in the Philippines. The continuing infiltration of the schools, labor unions, the press and certain key government offices show a penetration more fearsome than actual armed rebellion. While armed rebels may be met equally with armed forces, the silent infiltration of key men’s minds cannot easily be suppressed, especially when it goes on under the mantle of freedom and in the free air of Philippine democracy. This is the reason why it is so senseless to think of a new policy of amnesty at a time when the Huk armed forces are falling to pieces, force by force. There should be no amnesty, no quarter for the enemy of the peo ple and of mankind. On the con trary, renewed efforts should be exerted to finish the course that has been started and pursued with such success. The Tarucs and the Lavas may fall, but like Christianity which for its noble aims, draws from men the intensest loyalties, Communism, for its nefarious causes, is also ca pable of producing other Tarucs, other Lavas. There should be no letup in the continuing struggle for men’s minds, for men’s souls. (From The Sentinel, May 31, 1964) AMNESTY FOR HUKS? Because Jesus Lava, the No. 1 Communist of the Philippines, has been arrested at very long last, some people are talking about amnesty to the Huks. This, undoubtedly, will be the grossest possible mistake our govern ment can ever make at this stage of our struggle against Communism. We tried amnesty in 1948—with disastrous results. If, as reported, this possible amnesty will be extended to the Huks because some candidates for public office are courting the voters of Central Luzon, we should for the more reason fight its grant, for the security and welfare of the nation should never be sacrificed in favor of political expediency or convenience. Incidentally, is not our government giving too much glamorized pu blicity to Dr. Jesus Lava? And in doing so, are we not playing into the hands of the Communists by giving the Communists several million pesos’ worth of free propaganda? Let us not lose our sense of balance and equity. Lava is neither contrite nor humbled by his long and bitter fight with the law. Why all the publicity? Communism must be fought tooth and nail and we should never be instruments of its propaganda. (Reprint from FJLIPINAS, May 30, 1964) BOOK REVIEW A Proposed Form of Civil Marriage For Catholics And Other Religious Denominations In The Philippines By REV. EMILIO STA. RITA. JR., M.A., J.C.D. Novel Publishing Co., Espana, Manila — 210 pages. The present opus is Father Sta. Rita’s second book in marriage laws. It is of particular interest to lawmakers, professors and laymen interested in better laws for the country. The current work studies a pro blem which revolves around the double standard of validity on the form of marriage authorized by the civil and ecclesiastical forums. A marriage valid before the ec clesiastical forum may be invalid before the civil law and vice versa. This could thicken and compli cate alliances, a kind of legalized concubinage (or bigamy?) that carries with it the stigma of either a civil or an ecclesiastical crime. The mid-portion of the book de termines what ecclesiastical or civil crime is incurred by couples caught in such a mess and it reviews all the emergency solutions in use. Then the reader is given a cur sory glance of the form of marriage extant in Spain and how it ,(the form) has completely eliminated problematical marriages occasioned by double standard of validity on the marriage form. Finally it proposes amendments to two marriage provisions of the Civil courts. While it may be presumptuous to claim that the solution envisaged is the final and complete answer, there could be no better one that could afford relief while satisfying both civil and church law. THE CAROLINIAN Page 48 SUMMER ISSUE 1964 . . . THE ESSENTIALS “Make charity your aim!” (1 Cor 14, 1). The Church is not an academy of rhetoricians, much less a museum wherein to file away, amidst liturgical incense, evangelic pictures, victory-palms of martyrs or books of her apostles and savants. No, the Church is a life-giving entity, both divine and human, one and universal, established upon earth by Christ, God and man, so as to grant eternal life to all redeemed mankind. “What was the ransom that freed you from the vain observance of ancestral tra dition? ... it was paid in the precious blood of Christ!” (1 Pet 1, 18). The soul of this life-giving organism, which is the Church, is God Himself. “God is love; he who dwells in love dwells in God, and God in him” (1 John 4, 16). Charity, that is love of God and of neighbor in action, is, therefore, more than the whole law of Christianity. It is her vital essence: the strength and foundation of her unity and the fertile and shining projection of her universality that has its origin in the very centre of Christ’s heart. “Thou shalt love the Lord thy God... Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself... On these two commandments, all the law and the prophets depend” (Matt. 22, 38-40). It occurred to no one before the coming of Christ to establish love — in its direct relation to God Him self — on the interpretation of family meaning. “Time was when you were not a people at all, now you are God’s people” (1 Pet 2,10). The mythological gods of pagan civilizations were merely stellar numbers who enjoyed themselves in the misty re moteness of Olympus, utterly indifferent to the dole ful cries of men. “Once you were unpitied, and now his pity is yours” (1 Pet 2, 10). OF CHRISTIANITY Christianity, however, holds that God is its Father. “It is the Spirit of adoption, which makes us cry out, Abba, Father!” (Rom. 8, 15). Christian ity holds all men as brethren and that the whole of mankind is a huge family, without discrimination as to races and castes. “You are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a consecrated nation, a people God means to have for Himself” (1 Pet 2, 9). In spite of her juridical refinement, Rome had never succeeded either in setting men to their proper places, or to interpret rights and duties in terms of justice and equitableness. Christianity has achieved this. It has achieved this through charity the first duty of which is its discharge of justice towards God and men as well. Yes, Christian charity demands to render each one his due; that each one hold pos session of what is his own; that each one occupy the place which hierarchically befits him in this world. “Give all men their due; to the brethren, your love; to God, your reverence; to the king, due honor” (1 Pet 2, 17). But aside from all this and in order to obtain all this, charity doesn’t erect partition-walls between men, because “charity is never perverse, never inso lent. .. takes no pleasure in wrongdoing, but rejoices at the victory of truth; sustains, believes, hopes, en dures, to the last” (1 Cor 13, 4-7). Consequently charity sets into motion a vital circulation of affec tions and smiling expressions in man’s conscience which explodes with reverberations of harmony and peace in man’s social relations. Thus Pope Paul VI could verily assert: “The mis sion of Christianity is a mission of friendship among peoples of the earth, a mission of understanding, en couragement, promotion, elevation, and, let us say once again, a mission of salvation” (Message from Bethlehem, January 6, 1964). T 2^ JB JL JE <O HF C () 1N T J£ T 8 Fr. Rigney’s Farewell Message........................................Inside front cover Editorial................................................................................................................1 Luis E. Schonfeld, S.V.D. Exit a Great Rector........................................................................................2 Rogelio A. Penalosa News .................................................................................................................. 4 Father Rector confers Honorary Degree on Ambassador Stevenson . 9 Narrowing the Gap.............................................................................................10 Ambassador William E. Stevenson The Implication in Lepidoptera Research.................................................. 14 Prof. Julian N. Jumalon Direction and Vigor in Student Activities............................................. 20 Gerardo C. Maxino The Art of Saying “No”.................................................................................21 Lourdes A. Hermias Graduation Pictorial................................................................................. 23-26 Random Notes on American Literature.........................................................27 Fr. John Vogelgesang, S.V.D. A Visit to Puerto Galera.................................................................................29 Rose C. P. Tenazas and Leonisa L. Ramas Anthropological Expedition Returns from Southwestern Cotabato 32 Dr. Marcelino N. Maceda Tomorrow is a Lonely Breakfast..................................................................36 Bataan Faigao Poetry....................................................................................................................39 Resil B. Mojares Seccion Castellana.......................................................................................40-44 St. Charles Borromeo....................................................................................... 46 Tomas Echivarre Book Review and Editorial Comments....................................................... 48 The Moderator’s Corner.......................................................Inside back cover SUMMER ISSSUJE Vol. XXVII • No. 5