The Carolinian

Media

Part of The Carolinian

Title: The Carolinian
Issue Date: Volume XXVIII (Issue No. 4) March-April 1965
Year: 1965
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: MARCH-APRIL, 1965 C d n / i n i a n a * - — M • bu -B- GorJero Falcone FRAGMENTS A COUPLE OF MONTHS from now on a starry night we hope, or can we explain the sudden summer rain, some of you will turn Romans with corsages for your badges and sheepskins for your swords. Oh you will look lovely, like a poem, beautiful like a song, for you will be the graduates. But when all the bulbs will have flashed one two three to the sound of cheese you will utter like a prayer, and when all the congratulations will have been shaken hands with; you will remember we hope, those who have shared in the making of your thoughts, your dreams, your becoming, and by the prayers they have prayed, the toils they have made, the sweat they have shed moulded you into better men in thought, in word, and in deed. Before you walk away. For to forget them is to orphan your past, your present, your future, your selves. Brother, brother, not only the Yankees are to blame. There’s no sense digging up our dead like Dracula and on January walloping up a halloween party. We can mop our hair making up not only a foursome and shout ourselves to kingdom come: you can’t do that. And the Yankees will do just that. “Treat us like dirt” and “shoot us like pigs.” After all, they’re in Rome and they’re doing just what the Romans do. And who are the Romans? Do you want to know a loud secret? The Romans Cicero, oh Cicero, are our filipino leaders who condemn us to slow death thru malnutri tion and disease because of their indifference to our lot, because of their waste and misappropriation of our funds. Brother, brother, our placards shall not cry Go, home Yankee, or if you do let it be a sentimental journey for sentimental reasons, will you forget our Mt. Mayon? Rather, our placards shall beg: Stop Shameless Allowances! Serve, Not Rob The People! Jobs For The Jobless! Performances, Not Promises! Rice, Not Politics! Otherwise we take up our registered scissors and looking like the matter of fact cut the thread of the Damoclean swords that hang over your necks, come november, come the curtains. Truly, when we consider the fact that we are the only Christian nation in the Orient as our banner of distinction in the entire Christian world, we cannot just allow to pass unnoticed the Fourth Centennary of the Christianization of our country. The Carolinian in purporting to cooperate in her own little way at making this celebration better known and better noticed, especially publish materials which are in one way or another relevant to the affair itself. Some of these are: “A Quadricentennial Challenge for Catholic Philippines”, “A Joint Pastoral Letter”, “Ce bu And The Santo Nino.” However before we shut up and fall down on our knees, hear. It’s good to see the caterpillars marching back to town to widen the streets and patch up the holes so that the stranger’s car won’t play too much sungka on our shores. It’s wonderful to see the dutch boy lift up the face of a historic stone affair which has been ex hibiting sour gripes for years, or to smell from its sides pittsburg paint hurrah. It’s cute to see the artists polishing up the corrogated halos of angels or applying sand papers to the caricatures of dead saints in order to accentuate the latters’ imported, pinched and holy look. We hope however that not only the avenues or the facades or the saints receive the attention and care of our authorities. And we are speaking of the beggars and lepers of Cebu. Sirs, have you been to the Sacred Heart Church, Jakosalem Street friday mornings? Its driveway is lined up with people who have got no nose on their face, no earlobes in their heads, no food in their bellies, no hope in their hearts. With crooked hands that are missing a finger or two, they’re been eaten up by the germs, you know, they beg you for a few centavos that will be stretched no doubt to infinitisimal lengths just to meet their needs of subsistence for that week or two. Sir, have you been to the basilica minor on Sun days? And have you not seen the blind and the lame? They get rhythm from the water cans you know, which they beat like a drum, music from the broken mouth organ which they suck in and out like it were a leg of a chicken fried through and through. The melodies they play are untitled though always lilting and lively as the flies that wing fro and to their ulcerous pores unbandaged: a feeble attempt at injec ting into your pipes some festive modes of Sunday, so that noticing the brave contradiction of their condi tion and tune, you may the more easily unchain the indifference of your heart, and a coin drop into their waiting upturned buri hat. And no doubt you have seen when you exit through the right door, the lumps of men have got no legs, and only one arm each. They sell tickets you know, Manuel Uy sweepstake tickets which they weakly wave at you who will always be privileged with their pleading look of do you have the heart of a brother. Sirs, we hope that the Fourth Centennial Celeb ration of our Christianization tender its meaning for them too, not because it will occasion their carting away to some remote closets though half of them are almost skeletons, but because the Christian Spirit of the Celebration will occasion their decent and humane rehabilitation. After all, its beggars and lepers are as much part and parcel of Cebu as its historic sights and bric-a-bracs. Editorial Staff MARCIANO LI. APARTE, JR. Editor-in-Chief Baldomero C. Falcone, Assistant Editor; Gemma M. Racoma, Literary; Lourdes Hermias, Features; Vivien Alix, Society & Campus; Manuel II. Ochoa, Sports; Preciosa Andaman, Pilipino; Rodolfo Kintanar, R.O.T.C.; Medardo Gaviana, Rodol fo Cemine, Art; Bayani C. Lagac, Frank Abao, Jr. Staff Writers; Flora C. del Castillo, Amelina Abenoja, Typists; Pete Uy, Photographer. MISS PRAXEDES P. BULABOG Adviser Official Publication of the Students of the University of San Carlos Cebu City, Philippines Re-entered as Second-Class Matter at the Post Office at Cebu City on June 22, 1962. REV. LUIS E. SCHONFELD, SVD Moderator The Image of the Holy Child Jesus venerated in Santo Nino Church, Cebu City, Philippines is over four hundred years old. This Image was found in Cebu on April 28, 1565 and was given to the Augustinian Fathers for guard ianship. The Christianization of the Philippines four hundred years ago marked a turning point in the history of our country. By the logic of persuasion, our forefathers abandoned their gods and their idols and embraced the Catholic Faith which we now cherish. By the application of necessary compulsion or otherwise, the petty independent states which we call barangay were welded into a geo-political unity, out of which later on would spring the Fili pino nation. And largely by the efforts of the early missionaries our people were introduced to a new western culture which at that time was already steeped in the arts and sciences, in government and in law. Into this culture, happily blended with our own, were born and raised the Philippines' foremost heroes and leaders who one day would play the leading role in the drama of her political indepen dence. Christianity, therefore, not only brought us our Faith and made of us a chosen people; it not only welded our people and prepared them for nationhood directly or indirectly; it brought us culture and enriched our own. With these benefits in mind, the Fourth Centennial Celebration of the Christianization of the Philippines should, therefore, be a day of great spiritual rejoicing and thanksgiving amongst our people. We have many things to be thankful immensely to God, who in His Providence has chosen us to be the bearers of His Word in this part of the globe. Let us show our gratitude to Him by actively parti cipating in the celebrations and make the event truly a great spir itual success. THE CAROLINIAN Page One NEW ■ COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES PHYSICS DEPARTMENT The USC Nuclear Physics Laboratory has just brought out the information on the successful completion of an experi ment in Compton Scattering. This phe nomenon which bears the name of the discoverer, Dr. Arthur Compton, is best understood by imagining a beam to con sist of “energy packets’’ or photons which hit upon electrons of the scatter ing material, knocking them out and then proceeding in a different direction with diminished energy. The reduction in energy shows itself in increased wave length. The history of the experiment goes back to Roentgen who, in 1895, discover ed X-rays. He noted that X-ray undergo scattering. The February 1964 issue of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHY SICS presented two articles on a modi fication of the Compton experiment em ploying gamma rays instead of V-rays. Spurred by this idea, the USC Nuclear Physics Laboratory decided on a series of trials with the help of the equipment constructed by Father Oster. Additional equipment were made by Mr. Manuel Rusiana, Physics Laboratory Technician, upon the suggestions of Father Lorbach. The recently acquired apparatus from Leybold, Germany facilitated the pro cedure and at the same time confirmed the reliability of the instruments con structed here. Atty. C4sar Klntanar The USC President, Rev. Rudolf Rahmann, SVD, with the President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Dr. Heinrich Luebhe. Father Rahmann is handing over to the German President an album of photos taken on the occasion of his visit to USC. ■ LECTURERS FROM SINGLE CELLS TO CARROT PLANTS? In the Biology Seminar at the AudioVisual Center last January 30, Mrs. P. D. Pages spoke on “Plant Tissue Culture in Botanical Research.” Tissue culture is a technique whereby portions of a plant are grown in artificial and sterile condi ■ TEACHERS COLLEGE The FIRST REGIONAL CONFER ENCE OF COOPERATING SCHOOLS in the region served by the Cebu Normal School, Cebu City, was held on February 19, at the Cebu Normal School Library. The Conference was attended by all Di vision Superintendents and Academic Supervisors of Public Schools of the provinces of Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental NATIONAL MEDIAN —86 Schools 1. UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS 2. Cebu Normal School 3. University of Southern Philippines 4. Colegio de San Jose-Recoletos 5. Roosevelt Memorial Colleges 6. Southwestern University 7. University of the Visayas 8. Cebu Institute of Technology HOME ECONOMICS Schools 1. UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS 2. Colegio de San Jose-Recoletos 3. University of the Visayas . 4. University of Southern Philippines tions. She discussed its advantages as an avenue for possible clues to the secret of growth and morphogenesis. Slides on its application and interesting findings were projected, most intriguing of which were those of entire carrot plants de veloping from single cell cultures in co conut water media. These slides she brought back from the University of Hawaii and Cornell University where she had occasion to study and work on tissue culture. and Misamis Occidental. The theme of the Conference was: STRENGTHENING STUDENT TEACHING PROGRAM FOR BET TER COMMUNITY SCHOOL TEACH ERS. During his closing remarks, Mr. Catalino Delana, assistant division super intendent of schools, Cebu Division, dis closed the results of the Teacher Selec tion Test for Elementary Schools held in April, 1964. Now, just read and com pare ! Median 93.5 77 75.5 62 51 45 53 Lowest 51 46 54 Page Two THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 Dr. MARTIN MEADOWS POLITICAL SCIENCE LECTURE Dr. Martin Meadows, Manila-born Professor of Political Science at the American University in Washington and visiting Fulbright-Hays lecturer at the University of the Philippines, spoke to an over-flow gathering of students and faculty members on Monday, March 15. The topic of the Doctor’s lecture was the Barry Goldwater nomination in which the various negative and positive rea sons that contributed to Goldwater’s no mination were minutely discussed. A brief but brisk question and answer period followed the lecture which was given in the University of San Carlos Audio-Visual Center. Before the lecture Dr. Meadows and his wife toured the main University buildings. Dr. Meadows was particularly impressed by the University of San Car los Library. He was amazed to find periodicals (like MINERVA) in our library which cannot be found in the U.P. Library. Both Dr. and Mrs. Mea dows were impressed by the large num ber of students studying in the library. After the lecture the visitors were taken to the Technological Center in Talamban and to Beverly Hills. Dr. and Mrs. Meadows enplaned on March 17 for Mindanao to fill several lecture engagements at Universities there. NOTED ANTHROPOLOGIST VISITS CEBU Rev. Dr. Martin Gusinde, Divine Word Missionary and world-famous authority on pygmy peoples, arrived in Cebu, Feb ruary 14 for a four-diy visit. Father Gusinde lectured at the Audio-Visual Center of the University of San Carlos. The title of the lecture, which was illust rated with colored slides, was: “THE PYGMY TRIBES: THEIR POSITION IN HUMAN HISTORY.” The lecture included a discussion of five pygmy groups: the pygmies of Central Africa, the bushmen of South Africa, the Andamese, the Aetas of the Philippines, and a group of New Guinea pygmies dis covered by Father Gusinde some years ago. Father Gusinde began his study of the pygmies as early as 1908. Until 1924 h s studies were concerned mostly with the people cf Tierra del Fuego into whose tribe he was formally initiated. He has written extensively about his work and has lectured widely, most recently at the Catholic University of America and Nanzan Univers'ty in Nagoya, Japan. In 1956 Dr. Gusinde, accompanied by Dr. Marcelino Maceda of San Carlos, spent several weeks studying the Aetas of Mindanao and Iloilo. LECTURE ON MODERN MATHEMATICS Dr. Thomas C. Holyoke, FulbrightHays lecturer at Mindanao State Uni versity, spoke on Modern Mathematics in the High School Curriculum at the University of San Carlos Audio-Visual Center on February 25. H s audience was largely composed of mathematics teach ers from the various universities, colleges and high schools of Cebu City, with a small sprinkling of both high school and college students. Dr. Holyoke, whose home school is the famous Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, made his undergraduate studies at Harvard University and his doctoral work at Ohio State University. He has taught at Northwestern Univer sity, Miami State and most recently at Antioch College. During his one and a half day stay in Cebu City, Dr. Holyoke was a guest of the Divine Word Fathers. On Thursday afternoon he toured the main campus of the University and was particularly im pressed by the mathematics section of the Science Library. He considered the New Teachers Training Center on P. del Rosario one of the best planned school compounds he has seen in the Philip pines. Before enplaning for Dumaguete, Dr. Holyoke visited the new Technological Center of the University in Talamban. He praised it enthusiastically and ex pressed the hope that someday he might teach there. WE MUST BE GREAT OR ELSE .. . Speaking before the University of San Carlos student body on March 13th, Senator Raul S. Manglapus said: “This nation must be great, or else it will sink.” Thus, he introduced the four causes which have made Filipinos unproductive: 1) overcentralized government, 2) traSENATOR MANGLAPUS "This nation must be great or else it will sink” d.tion, 3) tenancy, 4) two-party system. It was with the latter evil that the senator dealt with lengthly in his speech. Whereas, there are more than two political parties in such countries as Japan, Argentina, Malaysia, England, France, Chile, West Germany and the Scandinavian countries, which parties compete in presenting and carrying out programs of government, engage in poli tics on issues and ideas, and provide di rection for their peoples for national progress, our present two parties, the senator decried, instead engage in per sonalities, “blow for blow”, “stone for stone”, “hill for hill”. But because of the tolerance of our people, the two parties have perpetuated themselves in office one after the other like a cycle, without concrete, definite programs that will en able the people to know where they are going because in that first place these parties do not have to. The people, after becoming dissatisfied with the Nacionalistas, boot them out of office and take in the Liberals and resume the cycle all over again, he said. In offering a realistic approach to the evil, Sen. Manglapus batted for the neces sity of a third force designed to attack the evil frontally. He exhorted the stud ents to get themselves involved in poli tics. He urged them to support the "De centralization Bill” and the “Religious Bill” now pending consideration in the lower House by writing to their congressSen. Manglapus came at the invitation of the Supreme Student Council. Pres ident Mojares opened the program, VicePresident Ramon Torralba Jr. introduced the senator, while Rev. Fr. Luis E. Schonfeld, S.V.D., Dean of Student Affairs gave the closing remarks. March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Three ■ VISITORS U.S. CULTURAL ATTACHE VISITS USC Dr. Paul Hamilton, Cultural Attache of the U.S. Embassy in Manila, paid the University of San Carlos a two-hour visit on February 13. He was given a quick guided tour through the various libraries of the University and viewed the scientific exhibits in the Biology and Botany departments. Father Rector drove Doctor Hamilton to the new Teach ers’ Training Center on P. del Rosario Extension and to the Technological Center in Talamban. Although Dr. Ha milton’s own field of specialization is Romance Languages, he was full of praise of the University of San Carlos facilities. Dr. Hamilton is on a tour of the Southern Philippines in connection with his duties concerning those institutions at which Fulbright-Hays lecturers are presently assigned. In Cebu the Univer sity of San Carlos is the only school of high learning enjoying the privilege of being host to Fulbright lecturers. DR. ENG A. VAN WEEL VISITS USC The College of Engineering was honor ed by a visit of Dr. Eng A. Van Weel last February 4th. Doctor Van Weel is the President of the Philips Interna tional Institute for Technological Studies at Eindhoven in Holland. This Institute offers under very favorable conditions advanced courses of a very high calibre to some thirty to forty students from all over the world. So far no Filipino has qualified for a scholarship at that In stitute and understandably our College felt quite proud in being considered as a possible source of candidates. Dr. Van Weel discussed details with Fr. Regent, Philip van Engelen and gave a talk to the seniors and upperclassmen explain ing the work of the Institute and express ing the hope that at least some of our men may qualify for this rather unique but very valuable scholarship. Further details are available at the office and interested parties are re quested to keep in touch for further de velopment. AFGHANISTAN OFFICIALS VISIT USC Two officials of the Afghanistan Mi nistry of Education visited the Univer sity on February 18. They were Mr. Enystullah Kargar, Director General of Technical Education and Mr. Soyed Oshraf, Director of the Afghanistan Institute of Technology. Their trip was financed by the Agency for International Development. The purpose of their twoweek tour of the Philippines was to ac quaint themselves with the progress of technological education here. After a tour of the main campus Thursday morn ing, the two gentlemen and their party of official guides from the Cebu School of Arts and Trades and the Department of Education in Manila, were driven to Talamban for a close-up view of the new University of San Carlos Technological Center. Father Felipe van Engelen ex plained to them the workings of the Chemical Pilot Plant and showed them some of the electronics equipment that had just arrived from Germany. All mem bers of the party were duly impressed. Mr. Gargar, who had spent 6’^ years in Germany as a student and had married a German wife was eager to display his knowledge of German when speaking with Father Baumgartner during their visit to the University of San Carlos Library. REGISTRAR OF HONGKONG UNIVERSITY Mr. Bernard Mellon, Registrar of the University of Hongkong, visited the Uni versity of San Carlos on March 2 and 3. He visited six to eight universities both state and private in order to confer with school authorities on administration po licies, academic standards and other matters. NSDB's DR. LASAGA VISITS USC Dr. Reynaldo Lasaga of the National Science Development Board honored us with a short visit. As Director of the Office of Field Operation of the National Science Development Board Dr. Lasaga emphasized the importance of Regional Offices — like the one here in Cebu City — for the furthering of the objectives of the Science Board by close cooperation of all the agencies involved. Science de velopment has still a long way to go and the cooperation of everyone involved must be secured: schools and government agencies can play an important role which will be so much more effective in close cooperation. In a full-day program of conferences and inspections ably arranged by Mrs. Amalia Rcdriguez, Head of the local NSDB office, time was set aside for a visit to the new Technological Center, Dr. Lasaga was greatly impressed by the facilities the new building is offer ing for the furtherance of science and as a token of the much appreciated co operation of the Philippine Government in our efforts to promote science educa tion. Dr. Lasaga was glad to announce that through the good services of the NSDB a tax-free importation of the newly arrived equipment was granted to the Technological Center. The much sought after tax exemption will make possible the speedy transfer and instal lation of the very valuable equipments recently arrived and enhance greatly the standing of the Technical Center among the best engineering schools in the country. ASIA FOUNDATION DIRECTOR VISITS USC Mr. Ray Johnson, Director of the Asia Foundation in the Philippines, and Mrs. Eve Johnson visited San Carlos Univer sity on March 13-14 in the course of a tour of the Visayas-Mindanao area. The couple enjoyed a tour of the main cam pus, the Technological Center and the Teachers Training Center. Mr. Johnson was especially vocal in his praise of the well-organized and accurately catalogued scientific collections of the University. The Asia Foundation has given several grants to the University of San Carlos, one of them for the improvement of the library and another to enable the Uni versity of San Carlos anthropological team under Dr. Maceda to bring out the large collection of burial jars discovered in Cotabato. Several individuals at the University have also obtained Asia Foundation grants. Dr. Maceda briefed Mr. Johnson on the Kulaman expedition. The Johnsons were entertained at din ner in the Casino Espaiiol by the Acting President of San Carlos, by Dr. Maceda and Mrs. Pages. The latter gave Mrs. Johnson several shells and a rare glass sponge for her daughter who is studying biology at Brent School in Baguio. MR. McCOY IS USC's GUEST Mr. Pressley McCoy, Associate Direc tor of the Danforth Foundation of St. Louis, Missouri, visited the University of San Carlos on March 13 and 14. Mr. McCoy is on a six-week tour of Asiatic countries to line up participants in a Danforth Foundation-sponsored project — the evaluation and improvement of educational objectives. Two foreign uni versities are invited annually to join several American institutions in a threeweek workshop at the University of Co lorado. One of the few Philippine univer sities to be invited to participate in the programme is the University of San Car los. Mr. McCoy, who was a guest of the S.V.D. community during his visit, was especially interested in the University of San Carlos Scientific Collections, espe cially the butterfly and beetle collections. The wife and son of Mr. McCoy are amateur collectors. Page Four THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 ■ APPOINTMENTS FATHER K. HUTTERER APPOINTED FOR U.S.C. As we were about to go to the press, word was received by the Acting Pres ident, Rev. John Vogelgesang from the Very Rev. Superior General, S.V.D. that Rev. Karl Hutterer, S.V.D., has been ap pointed for the University of San Car los. Very Rev. Father General writes: "Father Hutterer is interested in Ethno logy and Linguistics — he already took quite a number of Seminars — and hence he should continue the study of Ethno logy in San Carlos under the guidance of the President, Very Rev. Father Rahmann. At the same time he should do some teaching.” Father Hutterer is very young yet. He was born in 1940 and was ordained only recently. San Carlos is certainly glad to wel come such a young and anthropologically-minded priest. BOTANIST ASSIGNED TO U.S.C. Father Ernest Borgman, S.V.D., a Ph.D. in Botany, has tentatively been as signed to San Carlos to conduct research in the field of botany, according to a letter recently received from the Super ior General of the Divine Word Mission aries in Rome. No details are known about the expected time of Father Borg man’s arrival at San Carlos or the length of his stay here. Nevertheless the Uni versity is happy to add another scientist to its distinguished staff. ■ PEOPLE FATHER SCHMITZ DEPARTS Rev. Joseph Schmitz, S.V.D., left us, after a short visit of only three weeks, during the first days of February. Ori ginally, he was supposed to stay longer but pressure of work in the Missiological Institute which he heads obliged him to return sooner than originally planned. His sojourn, however, was fruitful in more than one respect. First, he worked on the photographed documents which he had picked out with Father Goertz in the Archivo General de Indian, Seville, Spain. He then acquainted himself with the present work of San Carlos as well as with her difficulties and ambitions. The personal contact which he establish ed and the experience he gained here will enable him better to support the various endeavors of the University, particularly, her scientific and research programs, since it is one of the aims of his institute "to further the scientific endeavors of S.V.D. scientists overseas.” Father Schmitz is returning to Europe via Japan. MELECIO FIGURACI6N a P500.00 Prize for a job well done. CAROLINIAN WINS IN MABINI CONTEST The Graduate School is pleased to an nounce that Mr. Melecio Figuracion, who will soon complete his studies for an M.A. in Philosophy degree, won the five-hundred-peso second prize in the Mabini essay contest sponsored by the American Historical Committee in Manila. Mr. Figuracidn’s interest in the Sublime Paralytic, whose centennial was commemorated last year, prompted him to submit his essay entitled “The Sources of Mabini's Political Thought.” Other winners in the contest are: First Prize Pl,000.00 — G. Sidney Silliman University Third Prize P250.00 — Elsie D. T. Magdano — Silliman U. Fourth Prize P100.00 — Teodoro Marquez — U.S.T. Honorable Mention: Cheryl P. Olivar — Univ, of the Phil. Julian Dacanay — Ateneo de Manila Marilo Manampan — Arellano University Rdmulo Ricafranca — Feati University San Carlos students and friends of the University will be interested to know that a monograph on “The Political, So cial, and Moral Philosophy of Apolinario Mabini” by Adriano C. Reyno Jr., also of our Philosophy Department, was pub lished last year by the University as her tribute to the hero. ■ STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS USC-PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY FORMED With the approval of Rev. Schonfeld, Dean of Student Affairs, and Rev. Fr. Watzlawik, Dean of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the USC-Philosophical Society became an officially recognized organi zation in the campus of this university. This society was organized by a group of Liberal Arts students majoring in philosophy. It aims at broadening and deepening the members’ knowledge of philosophy by the discussion (in the form of panel discussion, lecture, open forum or symposium) of topics which are not sufficiently dealt with in the class room. Non-members of the society may be present during such discussions as auditors. The first organizational meeting was held last January 16 to approve its con stitution. During the second meeting, the following officers were elected: Dionisio Sy — president; Edgardo Bacolod — vice-president; Aurora Ysmael — sec retary; Flora Cortes — treasurer and Jesus Trocino Jr. — PRO. Rev. Fr. John Berry, S.V.D. was elected as adviser of the society. Discussions of the society are held on Sundays, at 3:00 P.M. in Rm. 416. The inaugural discussion, a lecture and open forum, was given last February 6 by Rev. Fr. Berry on the topic: “A Basic Phenomenology of Soul and Body.” The society is still accepting members. Qualification: Applicants should have taken at least twelve (12) units of philo sophy with no failing grade in philo sophy subject (s) in the preceding year. Thus, membership is not confined to students of the College of Liberal Arts. All bonafide students of this university who meet this qualification can become members of this society. AWARDING OF PRIZES Within simple ceremonies a very signi ficant program was held at the AudioVisual Center on February 19. The oc casion was the awarding of prizes to winners of the literary contest, sponsor ed by the LECTIO ET DISCUSSIO FELLOWSHIP. Although the audience was small, there was keen interest shown in the whole affair. The program opened with the singing of the National Anthem. Mr. Cesar Corazo Jr., president of the L. & D. Fellow ship gave the opening remarks. Next on the program was a piano selection, masterfully rendered by Miss Carmelita Ouano, which was followed by the an nouncement of winners and distribution of prizes by Very Rev. John Vogelgesang, March-April,. 1965.. THE CAROLINIAN Page Five acting president of our University. Afte" this Vic Martinez sang “Because” in a most beautiful fashion. Each of the win ners, (of those present) gave a short response. Then Very Rev. Father John was called upon to deliver a short talk. During his speech, Father John disclosed the follow ing: "The University of San Carlos plans to organize an Institute of Comparative Philippine Literature. This will be a co operative effort of the U.S.C. Libraries, the Departments of English, Spanish and Linguistics and of a still-to-be-organized Department of Vernacular Lang uages. The over-all aim of the Institute will be to make comparative studies of Philippine vernacular literature, to de termine the influence of Spanish, Eng lish and American Literature on Philip pine writing in English and Spanish with similar literatures of former English and Spanish speaking colonies. It is hoped that through the activities of the Insti tute San Carlos will become a center of research for Philippine Literature.” After Father John finished his talk, Miss Thelma Balbuena gave a classical rendition at the piano after which Rev. Luis E. Schonfeld, dean of student af fairs, gave the closing remarks. He point ed out the great spirit which the L. & D. Fellowship shows in all its under takings, the conscientiousness with which it goes about in fostering intellec tual and cultural development amidst our student populace. He specially thanked the Fellowship for having launched the literary contest and he again under scored the purposefulness and timeliness of said contest. Miss Melinda Bacol acted as master of ceremonies. WINNERS a. Short Story 1st: MUD by Merito Yuvienco, Jr. 2nd. DEBATE by Raotil Briones 3rd: ONE SUNDAY AFTERNOON by Vicente Chu b. Poetrv 1st: ALLELUJAH by Ren6 Racoma 2nd. EXODUS OF THE BROWNMEN by Llewelyn Navarra Hortillosa 3rd: THE YIELDING OF IIUMABON by Veneranda Abregana STUDENT CATHOLIC ACTION HOLDS ORATORICAL TILT The Oratorical Contest sponsored by the Student Catholic Action was held on February 27. The theme was: “The Role of the Philippines in the Evangelization of Southeast Asia.” The first prize, a gold trophy donated by Governor Rene Espina, was won by Miss Esperanza Rubi, contestant of the Teachers College. The second prize, a gold medal donated by Mrs. Paulina Pages, went to Miss Josephine Seville of the College of Liberal Arts. The third prize a silver medal donated by Atty. Felix Savellon, was awarded to Mr. Ro lando Villa of the College of Commerce. The oratorical tilt was privileged to have Governor Espina as Guest Speaker. In his message, he brought forward the thought that "evangelization should be initiated here in the Philippines in order to produce Catholic individuals, Catholic families and a Catholic country which are so in deed and not only in name.” ALPHA OMEGA SIGMA SORORITY PINNING-INDUCTION CEREMONY A SUCCESS The ALPHA OMEGA SIGMA Soro rity, an exclusive organization in the College of Commerce held its formal Pinning-Induction Ceremony at the Casino Espanol after a hearty luncheon on Feb ruary 21. In the morning, thirty-three ladies, all looking elegant in their beige uniforms, heard Holy Mass together. Mrs. Bernardita Valenzuela, President of the Cebu Jaycerettes and a USC Eng lish and Philosophy instructor was the guest speaker. Her topic was the most fitting and the most interesting — wom en. Mrs. Valenzuela was assisted by Mrs. Rosario Alfaro and Mrs. Lilia Relampagos, sorority advisers, during the pin ning. Mrs. Alfaro and Mrs. Relampagos were also pinned by Mrs. Valenzuela as sisted by Dalisay Dajao, Most Exalted Sister. Very Rev. Fr. John Vogelgesang, USC Rector and Acting President, in ALPHA OMEGA SIGMA SORORITY — College of Commerce Seated from Mt to right: Dalisay Da|ao, Most Exalted Sister, Rosario Alfaro, Soro rity Adviser, Bernardita Valenzuela, Guest Speaker, Ulla Relampagos, Sorority Adviser, Rosemarie Penalosa, Exalted Sister. — Standing, same order: Erlinda Rizarri, Business Manager, Lourdes Hermias, Comptroller, Teresita Mata, Mediatrix. Rosemarie Mansueto, Informer, Sylvia Villon, Keeper of the Keys, Evelyn Creencia, Keeper of the Scroll. ducted the sorority officers. The others who honored the affair with their pre sence were Fr. Luis Schonfeld, Dean of Student Affairs, Fr. William Cremers, Regent of the College of Commerce, Dean Jose Tecson of the College of Commerce, Mr. Benjamin Borromeo, Head of the Accounting Department, and Mrs. Ra fael Mayol, adviser of the sorority’s brother organization, The Alpha ICappa Alpha Fraternity. This initial affair of the Alpha Omega Sigma Sorority was a splendid success. Thanks to the officers’ initiative and the members’ cooperation as well as the adv sers’ most needed guidance. The Sorority also extends its appre ciation to all the guests who attended and made the affair extra-memorable. (See cut). TWO SORORITIES SPONSOR FORUM For the first time the Portia Club of the College of Law, and the Sigma Phi Alpha of the College of Pharmacy spon sored jointly a lecture-forum on March 13, at the University of San Carlos Audio-Visual Center. Miss Norma Bajo, Portia Club President, introduced Atty. Cesar Kintanar, a one-time bar topnotcher, who spoke on the legal rights of wom en before and during marriage, partiticularly on the remedies afforded by law to women unjustly treated by their boyfriends, and the rights and obliga tions between husband and wife. On the other hand, Miss Lucina Pau lin, a graduate of the Powers School of U.S.A., was introduced by Miss Aurora Tan, Most Exalted Sister of the Sigma Page Six THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 SIGMA PHI ALPHA SORORITY — College of Pharmacy Seated: Soledad Yap, Rev. Robert Hoeppener, S.V.D., Miss Luz S. Catdn, Adviser. Aurora Tan, Most Exalted Sister. — Standing: Eleanor Chan, Susan Yu Chan, Luzvismlnda Uy, Evelina Pedregosa, and Lucille Motus. Phi Alpha. She spoke on Social Graces, “Make-down” and personality develop ment. ■ MISCELLANEOUS BIOLOGICAL DISPLAY To stimulate student interest in bio logical studies, the University of San Carlos Biological Department has in stalled three permanent display cases in the antcroon of the Biological office. The display changes every two months. Featured during the months of February and March is a butterfly display called “Facts Worth Knowing About Butter flies.” It is hoped that students, after view ing the display, will be moved to see the large University of San Carlos butterfly collection. The University of San Carlos butter fly collection was begun about ten years ago under the inspiration of Father En rique Schoenig, S.V.D., and with the en thusiastic backing of Professors Julian Jumalon and Paulina Pages. Today the collection is one of the largest in the country. Divided into three categories, the col lection features 1) Cebu Butterflies (that is butterflies found on the island of Cebu); 2) Philippine Butterflies (those found throughout the country): 3) Foreign Butterflies (those indigen ous to countries other than the Philip pines). The butterflies are mounted in rows according to general and species and are kept in glass-topped trays. The trays are kept in specially constructed cabinets. In addition to the butterfly collection, the University of San Carlos also pos sesses a large insect collection. ABOUT THE DOCUMENTS FROM SEVILLE During his stay at San Carlos, Rev. Joseph Schmitz, S.V.D. did an arduous job in identifying the various photo graphed documents from Seville. He went through the more than 500 slides and made a short description of each of the documents. Besides relations on Fili pino life in the early Spanish time, we find variable documents and reports per taining to the establishment of the Spanish organization in this country and the primary objectives of the conquistadores in the "pacification” of the country. There is the order of Luis de Velasco, the Vice-roy of Mexico, to Miguel Lopez de Legaspi for his mission to the Phil ippines and a letter of Legaspi in which he reports his arrival in Cebu as well as the first events following his landing here. A decree of Pope Gregory XIV of 1591 in which he ordered the Archbishop of Manila to see to it that all natives enjoy the true freedom which is owned by all Christians. There is also a letter of the Bishop of Cebu in which he reports the construction of the Cathedral. The Governor Don Francisco Jos6 de Obando asks the king for more missionaries in order to materialize the Christianization of the country "el primero y mas prin cipal objeto del Catolico zelo de V.M....” The collection now available is a valuable source for all students of Philippine history. CENTER OF THE POOR From Europe Father Rudolf Rahmann, President of the University of San Car los, writes that he has made initial con tacts with a Catholic Relief Agency to obtain a number of sewing machines and leather stitching machine for the San Car los Center of the Poor. Director of the University of San Carlos Center of the Poor is Mrs. Amparo Dorotheo who is as sisted by a devoted staff of volunteer workers. The machines will be used to promote several self-help projects of the center. FOURTH SPECIALIZED LIBRARY The fourth specialized University of San Carlos Library will soon be inaugu rated on the second floor of the Main Building. The new library will served especially Commerce students. Already established are specialized libraries for Law, Science, and Architecture and En gineering. These specialized libraries contain the general and special reference works needed by students of those de partments. Recent visitors to the University of San Carlos from abroad have expressed amazement at the large collection of books in the University Library. As of Feb ruary 6, 1965, the total number of ac cessioned books in the combined Univer sity Libraries was 74,266. During the month of January the Library received 904 new books. AFTER ALL IS SAID AND DONE USC IS NUMBER ONE The recent release of the results of the two-day stenographer and senior steno grapher examinations given last 1963 in Manila and Cebu showed that of the 17,000 who initially took the examinations, only 700 hurdled the tests. The successful examinees from Cebu or who took the examinations in Cebu are: Senior Stenographer Division Rating Celina Echivarre (USC) — Addie M. Sarthou (USC) 84.52 Estrella Mooney (Tacloban) 73.04 Alicia A. Alburo (USC) 72.95 Vicente Sabarre (Catbalogan) 70.00 Stenographer (Junior Division) Filomena Lim (USC) 79.32 Gordina Tan (USC) 78.55 Josefa Tomimbang (Silliman U) 76.60 Sedronico Olandag — 76.14 Eufracia Tinga (Jose Abad Santos) 74.65 Isabel Sanson (USC) 73.73 Alejandro Escasinas (Cebu Sect’l. School) 73.39 Brenda Ignacio (USC) 71.78 Dolores V. Tolo (USC) 70.00 The stenographer examinations are given only once every four years by the Civil Service Commission. Incidentally, all instructors in stenography at San Carlos are Civil Service eligibles. J March-April. 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Seven IIIS EMINENCE ILDEBRANDO CARDINAL ANTONUTTI Papal Legate • This is the full text of the Joint Pastoral letter issued by the Philippine Hierarchy following their annual conference in Cebu last year. Attention is called to the forthcoming celebra tion of the Fourth Centennial of the Christianization of the Philippines. Grace and peace in our Lord. As the duly constituted Pastors of the flock of the Lord' in this part of Christendom, “the servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God”,2 3 We the Bishops of the Philippines, deem it opportune to address to you this Joint Letter on the approaching Fourth Centenary of the evangelisation of our coiinlr>‘Acts 20, 28 -I Cor. 4, 1 3I Thes 1, 9 HI Cor. 9, 15 •"’For example No. 6 of the Code of Kalantiao said: “He who kills trees known to be the dwelling place of anito shall be put to death by drowning. He who kills sharks and caymans belonging to anitos be put to death by drowning.” “John 10, 9-10 "John 11, 25-25-2G “John 14, G “John 8, 12 '"John 17, 3 “Historia General de las Indias Occidentales. HERRERA, lib. IV. cap. XIV. ‘-Doeumentos Ineditos. Archivo de Indias. T. Ill, pp. 291-292. ’’Life of Philip II, WALSH, p. 589. All Christians ivho are aware of the true value of their Christian Faith have to agree that the greatest and most significant event in our history was the evangelisation of our people, when ive “turned to God from idols, to serve the living and true God.”* “Thanks be to God for His unspeakable gifts.”4 * * Before our country teas christianised, our fore fathers had, no doubt, their natural virtues. But at the same time, they had pagan customs and practices. Their culture was steeped in idolatry and superstition.* It teas our conversion to Christianity that ushered us into the family of civilised nations. It is true that many will deny the unique position of Christianity and will refuse to admit the paramount importance of this gift, the greatest type that tee as a people have received from the hands of God the gift of our Christian Faith. But to those of us who believe in these words of Our Lord: “1 am the door. If anyone enter by me he shall be safe, and shall go in and out and shall find pastures. The thief comes only to steal, and slay, and destroy. I came that they may have life and have it more abundantly.”" “I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in me, even if he dies, shall live; and whosoever lives and believes in me, shall never die.”7 * * * * * * “I am the way, and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father but through me.”s “I am the light of the ivorld. He ivho follows me does not walk in the darkness, but will have the Joint PAST light of life.”" “Now this is everlasting life, that they may know thee, the only true God, and him whom thou hast sent, Jesus Christ.”'"; to us, We repeat, who know what these words mean, our Catholic Faith will always be our most precious heritage. W e will al ways glory in our name of Christians, incorporated by baptism into the Mystical Body of Christ. II e will always consider the fact that we are the only Christian nation in the Orient as our badge of dis tinction in the whole Christian world. For this reason we cannot allow to pass unnoticed the Fourth Centenary of the Christianization of our country. .Is Catholics the year 1565 is sacred to us for that was the year when the preaching of the Gos pel in these islands began in earnest. As Filipinos that year is also of great significance to us because that was the year when the Philippines as a nation came into being. As the Gospel was brought from one island to another, the Philippines as a country, as a nation emerged. Before that, in these islands there were only small kingdoms and tribes, one in dependent from the other. The discovery of the islands was made by Her nando de Magallanes in 1521. The first Mass in this country was celebrated in Limasawa, Leyte, on March 31 of that year. The expedition then proceeded to Cebu and there King Humabon, his wife, and 800 of their subjects were baptized. However, D. Pedro de Valderrama, the priest who landed with the expedition" died four days after Ma gallanes;'2 and the rest of the expedition sailed back to Spain. So the first attempt to christianize our peo ple did not have lasting results. Three other expeditions followed the discovery of our islands, that of Loatsa in 1525, that of Saave dra in 1527, and that of Villalobos, with four Augustinians in 1542. No serious missionary efforts re sulted from these expeditions. But Philip H of Spain had a missionary heart. When advised to “give up such remote and appar ently worthless possessions as the Philippines,” he re plied: “If there were only one person there to keep the name of Jesus alive, I would send missionaries from Spain to spread His Gospel. Looking for mines of precious metals is not the only business of Kings.”'* So he ordered his Vice-roy of Mexico to organize a new expedition. The leader of the expedition was Pape Eipht THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 ORAL better Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. The technical head was Fray Andres de Vrdaneta a good cosmographer, in the words of the King himself. Four other Augus tinian missionaries came ivitli the expedition. Their purpose was to bring to those islands the Gospel of Christ. They arrived at Cebu on April 27, 1565. The chronicler of the Augustinian Monastery of Santo Nino de Cebu says that when Legazpi fired the guns of his ships, the Cebuanos fled, leaving their village in flames. Legazpi sent ashore a company of soldiers. While they were putting out the fire, one of the soldiers, Juan de Camus, found in a house an image of the Holy Child, the gift of Hernando de Magallanes to the wife of Rajah Humabon at her bap tism. A chapel was improvised where the image could be venerated, and there Fray Vrdaneta celebrated a Mass of Thanksgiving for the success of the voyage. Thus was inaugurated the formal evangelization of the Philippines under the patronage of the Holy Name of Jesus, our Santo Nino de Cebu.'* The Augustinians first preached in Cebu. Then they went to Panay, Masbate, Ticaw and Albay. In 1571 Fray Diego de Herrera accompanied Legazpi to Manila. Rut after some time, the Augustinians could no longer cope with the over-increasing demands of their missionary work. So other religious orders from Spain came to help, the Franciscans in 1577, the Je suits in 1581. the Dominicans in 1587, and the Re collects in 1606.'-' The Capuchins, the Vincentians and the Benedictines followed them much later. The work realized by Spanish missionaries in the evangelization of the Philippines was truly marvel ous. Indeed, it is enough to note that almost the en tire country was reached by the missionaries and the great majority of our people was converted to the Christian Faith in less than fifty years, an achieve ment which has no parallel in the history of missions. Divine Providence has truly chosen our country to be the “lighthouse of Catholicism” in the Orient, as John XXIH said.™ We can apply to our people those words of the Lord to the Israelites; “1 will set my Dwelling among you, and will not disdain you. Ever present in your midst, I will be your God, and you will be my people.”'’ Since ice “have been sanctified in Christ Jesus and called to be saints with all who call upon the name of our Lord Jesus Christ in every place — their Lord as well as ours”™, since by the grace of God we are what we are, God’s grace in us must not be fruit less,™ we must “not receive the grace of God in vain.”14 * * 17 * * 20 14The History of the Augustinian Monastery of Santo Nino de Cebu, 6 & ss. ’•’’Historia de las Islas Filipinas, Concepcion. 248-257: Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, Medina 101. "’Address to Pres. Macapagal, July 1962. 17 Lev. 26, 11-12 >SI Cor. 1, 2 "’I Cor. 15, 10 2flII Cor. 6, 1 21 Col., 1, 13-14 22Col., 1, 23 -’’Col., 1, 12 ■-MWis., 16, 29 In His infinite mercy, God “has rescued us from the power of darkness and transferred us into the kingdom of His beloved Son, in whom we have our redemption, the remission of our sins.”2' In grati tude, it is our duty to “remain firmly founded in the faith and steadfast,”22 it is our duty to render “thanks to the Father, who has made us worthy to share the lot of the saints in light.”23 “For the hope of the inIIIS EXCELLENCY MOST REV. JULIO R. ROSALES, D.D Archbishop of Cebu grate melts like a wintry frost and runs off like use less water.”2' Il is for this reason that W’o said that We can not allow to pass unnoticed the Fourth Centenary of the conversion of our country to the Christian Faith. We have to celebrate the year 1965 with special acts of thanksgiving. And the best way of showing our gratitude to God is to live our Faith in accordance with what we say in our national hymn to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus: La Fc de Filipinas es como el sol ardiente; Como la roca, firme; inmensa como el mar. In order to make our celebration of this Cente nary as worthy as lhe occasion demands, IVe have decided to hold the following activities: 1. We will send a petition to the Holy Father that he may deign to: a) declare the year 1965 a Jubilee Year for the Philippines; thus, it will be a year of thanks giving, of pardons and of grace; b) confer the title of Minor Basilica on the Santo Nino shrine in Cebu City; c) grant the privilege of Canonical Coronation of the image of Santo Nino de Cebu, this image that was so closely connected with the first missionary endeavors of the Augus tinians in these islands. 2. We unanimously approved the idea of our (Continued on pae/e 10) March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Nine late Apostolic Nuncio, the Most Reverend Salvatore Siino, to hold in Cebu City, the cradle of Christianity in the Philippines, the Third National Eucharistic Congress from April 28 to May 2, 1965. We cannot think of a more fitting centennial celebration than an Eucharistic Congress in which the whole Philippines will kneel before our Eucharistic Lord in humble adoration and in thanksgiving for the gift of Himself as our Bread of life: “/ am the living bread that has come down from heaven. If anyone eat of this bread he shall live forevr; and the bread that 1 will give is my flesh for the life of the world.”21 In pre paration for the National Eucharistic Congress we have approved the celebration of Eucharistic Congres ses in our parishes and dioceses. In that way a nation al consciousness of the importance of the centenary will be awakened. 25John 6, 51-52 26Apostolic Letter, Jan. 18, 1939. 27Address to the Philippine Ambassador, 1951. 2«II Thes. 2, 13 2»I Pet. 2, 13 3. We will bless the cornerstone of a seminary for the Philippine Foreign Mission Society, a mission ary congregation which We have agreed to establish. This missionary society will be a living monument of our gratitude to God for the conversion of our coun try to Christianity. Pope Pius XI, the Pope of the Missions, in his letter to the Bishops of the Philip pines, said that our country is destined “to become a center from which the light of truth will radiate, and to be, as it were, an advance guard of Catholicism in the Far East.”2n Pope Pius XII also said that our country Jins “a missionary vocation” in this part of Asia.25 26 27 The time has come for us to fulfill our mis sionary vocation as the only Christian nation in South east Asia. We owe our Faith to the missionary spirit of Spain. In order to pay that debt, we have to un dertake the task of evangelizing our non-Christian neighbors. This is an apostolic responsibility that we cannot elude. Hence, the plan to establish a Foreign Mission Society under the auspices of the Philippine Hierarchy. The theme of our centennial celebration will be: THE PHILIPPINES FOR CHRIST. Among the peo ples of the Far East we have been privileged to be “the first-fruits unto salvation, through the sanc tification of the Spirit and belief of the truth.”23 Christ has chosen us to be His people, a part of “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a pur chased people,” so that we “may proclaim the per fections of Him who has called us out of darkness into His marvelous light.”22 In order to “proclaim the perfections of Christ,” ice will make a public avowal of our faith in Him, we will declare ourselves for Christ: THE PHILIPPINES FOR CHRIST. To all of you, Our beloved flock, We heartily im part our Pastoral Blessing. May the Patroness of the Philippines, the Virgin of the Immaculate Concep tion continue to help us preserve the priceless heri tage of our Faith and make it bear abundant fruits for all of us and for the countries surrounding us. Given in Manila, on the 2nd day of February, 1964, the Feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary. FOR THE CATHOLIC HIERARCHY OF THE PHILIPPINES: (Sgd.) JULIO R. ROSALES, D.D. President, CWO Administrative Council Archbishop of Cebu THE SANTO NINO OF CEBU by Rosa C P. Tenazas Page Ten THE CAROLINIAN March-April, .1965 iv nr jL IE A. T 1LT K IE Christianity in the Philippines started under the titularship of the Holy Child in the representa tion of the Santo Nino of Cebu. During the first mass baptism held in the Archipelago, the native was baptized before the image of the Santo Nino. The first Christ ian church erected forty-four years later, was dedicated to the Santo Nino, as was the missionary pro vince of the pioneel’ missionaries — the Augustinians. And as the first settlement in the whole Phil ippines, Cebu bore the liturgical title of the Holy Child: La Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus. Brief History of the Santo Nino of Cebu The documentary history of the Philippines, and indirectly of the Santo Nino of Cebu, begins with the demarcation bulls and the Treaty of Tordesillas, for from these resulted the voyage of Fer dinand Magellan and the accidental discovery of the Philippine Islands. It is a well known fact that the discovery of the Philippines was precipitated by the desire of two rival Iberian powers to seek a west ern route to the East. This goal was attained by Spain. But as fate would have it, the success was achieved under the leadership of a Portuguese navigator drawn by circumstances to the service of the Spanish flag. Profoundly disappointed and de void of hope of any advancement in his King’s service, Ferdinand Magelland presented himself at the Spanish Court and proceeded to point out to the Spanish emperor the possibility of acquiring the much-coveted Moluccas. Over whelmed, perhaps, by the possibility of gaining a foothold on the muchcoveted islands, Charles V signed a contract with Magellan for the latter to discover the Spice Islands within the limits of the demarca tion assigned to Spain by Pope Alexander VI. Magellan’s expedition started out with five ships, and after eighteen months of a most perilous voyage, withstanding mutinies, sickness, and lack of provision, his crippled fleet sighted the coast of Samar. On this day, March 16, 1521, is marked officially the discovery of the Philippines, by Magellan, the Portuguese sailor in the service of Spain. Magellan set up camp on the island of Homonhon, off the south ern coast of Samar, and here nursed some of his ailing shipmen back to health. From there he sailed to Limasawa where on East er Sunday, March 30, 1521, the first mass ever to be said in the whole archipelago was celebrated. Upon being informed by friend ly natives of a suitable place to provision their ships, the fleet sailed on and entered the port of Cebu on April 7, 1521. A host of natives awaited their arrival and Rajah Humabon, the native chief tain, immediately demanded tri bute. This was flatly refused, and it was largely through the inter cession of a Siamese trader, that peace was negotiated according to the native formula of the blood compact. The Baptism of the King and Queen of Cebu Magellan’s zeal temporarily su bordinated his primary aim for coming to the East, for the now more absorbing task of converting the natives. Exactly one week to March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Eleven MAGELLAN AND LAPULAPU This vertical composition is expressive of the dramatic contact between two cul tures. The painter tried to depict the philosophic implications resulting from this beginning of European influence over the Malayan-lndonesians which controlled the coastal plains of the archipelago at the time of Magellan's "discovery" of the Islands. The impact of the predominant opinion that the Filipinos are better off having been Christianixed by this contact, and as a consequence had developed a richer culture which now benefits the people, is shown by the well emphasixed cross running downward on the bias. This piece shows a bolder attempt at Intro ducing larger blobs of colors thru the use of whole (uncut) wings to simulate the broad strokes of a painter using oil me dium. (The diminutive minaret of the mosque suggests the indomitable spirit of the Mindanao Moslems who have remain ed unconquered in their southern bastion and are still practising the Islamic faith). the day after the Spaniards landed in Cebu, a mass baptism was held, the first in the Archipelago, in which a good number of the natives became the principals. A platform was built in a consecrated square and adorned in the native custom. Cannons from the ships discharged in honor of the occasion. The na tive chieftain, Rajah Humabon, was baptized first, and was named Don Carlos after Charles V of Spain. In the middle of the square a large cross was put up to which Magellan later exhorted daily adoration. After dinner, it was the queen’s turn to be baptized. From this significant event un folds the actual documentary his tory of the Santo Nino of Cebu. The Gift of the Image of the Santo Nino of Cebu. This event is best quoted from a translation of Antonio Pigafetta’s chronicle which reads: After dinner the priest and some of the others went ashore to bap tize the queen, zcho came u-ith forty women. We conducted her to the platform, and she was made to sit dotvn upon a cushion, and the other women near her, until the priest should be ready. She teas shown an image of our Lady, a tery beautiful wooden child Jesus, and a cross. Thereupon she was overcome with contrition, and asked for baptism amid her tears. We named her Johanna, after the emperor’s mother. . . She asked us to give her the little child Jesus to keep in place of her idols; and then she went away . . . The captain knowing that the queen was very much pleased with the child Jesus, gave it to her, telling her to keep it in place of her idols, for it was in memory of the son of God. Thanking him heartily, she ac cepted it. The foregoing account of a gift of a statue of the Holy Child Jesus to a Cebuano queen has so far been the only documented record of such so that when an image of the Holy Child Jesus was discovered in the same place forty-four years later, it leaves little doubt as to its being the same image brought earlier at the time of Magellan’s expedition to the Philippines. When Magellan’s fleet left the Philippines, the image of the San to Nino, no doubt, was relegated to the role of a pagan idol. Its popularity must have triumphed over the other deities of the early Cebuanos, for when the expedition of Legaspi arrived, the image had already behind it numerous stories of benefactions. The early Ce buanos had held the image in great reverence, petitioning it in all their necessities, and offering sacrifices to the Santo Nino in the manner they were accustomed to with their other idols, often anoint ing the image with oil. The Finding of the Image of the Santo Nino in Cebu After three other attempts and forty-four years later, the most successful expedition was finally launched under the joint leader ship of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Fray Andres de Urdaneta, of the order of St. Augustine. Legazpi’s expedition of four ships was launched from Mexico, and so took a much shorter time than Magellan’s. Generally be lieved to have been intended for the conquest and colonization of the Philippines, this expedition actually set out with the intention of colonizing New Guinea; at any rate, only certain vessels were to continue their course to the Phil ippine archipelago, with the ex pressed purpose of ransoming the captives or prisoners of former ex peditions. The course laid out in the instructions of the viceroy of New Spain, founded upon the ad vice of Urdaneta, was to NewGuinea. The instructions of the Royal Audiencia, however, pres cribed definitely the voyage to the Philippines. With this expedi tion begins the real history as well as the Christianization of the Philippine Islands. After arriving in the Philippines, various stops were first made in the Islands before finally deciding to make a settlement in Cebu. This was April 27, 1565. This time the expedition did not meet with the same hospitality accord ed Magellan years earlier. Tupas, the reigning chieftain, was not amenable to the Spanish overtures for peace. As the Spaniards later found out, Portuguese sailors dur ing the interim, had come to their shores pretending to be Spaniards and had looted and taken some of their people as captives. Another reason put up by historians as an alternative cause for Tupas’ reluc tance to accept peace was the latt er’s burden of guilt concerning the fate of Magellan and a number of his men. In any case, Legazpi sent a party of soldiers ashore to take the island. The native Cebuanos fled to the mountains, leaving the village on fire. Cause of the fire is still a matter of conjecture and two alter natives have been put forward. Either the natives themselves in tentionally set fire to their village, or the conflagration was cause by the artillery shots from the Spanish ships. At this point, written history reopens the story of the Santo Nino of Cebu. On the following day after the landing, a sailor named Juan Camus, went around the charred ruins of Cebu in the company of a number of soldiers. It was not long Page Twelve THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 before Camus was drawn into a large and well-built house one of those spared by the fire. He entered it and came upon two boxes, one of which revealed a bowl and a tooth of a wild animal. The other box was found another empty. Camus went further into the interior and here found another box. What made it exceptionally interesting was that it was tied with a cord that was strangely familiar. Fur thermore, it contained inside it yet another box, made of pine! It is hardly a matter of conjecture as to what emotions were aroused in Camus, who, upon seeing an image of the Holy Child Jesus inside it, is said to have rushed outside and shouted in broken Spanish: “Papa el cuerpo de Dios, Hi jo de Santa Maria, Hallado Has!” Camus ran back inside the hut, reverently cradled the image in his arms and showed it to the soldiers. The admiral of the fleet, Mateo del Saz, took the image from Camus and brought it to Legazpi who con sidered its discovery a good omen. Legazpi fell on his knees, took the image in his hands, kissed its feet and prayed: Lord, thou art more powerful to punish the offenses, committed in this island against thy majesty, and to found herein thy house, and holy Church, where thy most glor ious name shall be praised and mag nified. I supplicate thee that thou enlighten and guide me, so that all that we do here may be to thy glory and honor, and the exaltation of thy holy Catholic faith. A bamboo cross was later put up by Camus in the house in order to indicate the very place where the image was discovered. This hut was for a number of years vener ated as a pilgrimage of shrine to which the Santo Nino was brought in procession every feast day. On May 8, the fort was con structed with Legazpi breaking the first ground and dedicating it to the most blessed name of Jesus. The sites for the Spanish quarters and the chapel were chosen, and the town was temporarily called San Miguel, because it was founded on the day of this saint’s appari tion. The decree which declared Cebu as “Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus” was made after Philip II ordered Legazpi to take formal possession of the Islands in his name in 1571. Description of the Image of The Santo Nino when Discovered Esteban Rodriguez, the chief SANTA CRUZ DE CEBU This is Professor Jumalon's second attempt to create a mosaic out of butterfly wing pieces using 100% of this medium from nature. The templete enclosing the al ledged Magellan's cross is shown in a morning sunlight. The brick roof is a study in itself which brings into focus the gamut of reds occurring on but a li mited number of local butterflies, some of which are at home only in the wooded outskirts of the city, and are difficult to procure in large numbers. The picture took a good couple of weeks to produce, with only a pen-and-ink sketch of the structure as guide. pilot of one of Legazpi’s ships, and to whom Camus first showed the image, writes: En este pueblo cuando entramos hallamos en el un Nino Jesus, ha llado un marinero llamado Mermeo (the name "Camus" was variously called, being a native of the place), estava en una carta pobre, y estava cubierto en un cendal bianco en su caxita, y su gorrita puesta, y ya tenia el pico ed la nariz comido en poco, y la carga algo descollada . . . Accounts made of this signifi cant event by early Spanish chroni clers establish the statue as one of those which were commonly made in Flanders during the six teenth century. When the image was found, it was covered with a white cloth in its cradle with the point of its nose somewhat rubbed off. Otherwise it was in a perfect state of preservation. Of its ori ginal garments, it appears that only the red velvet bonnet was in tact. The natives may have par titioned its royal robes among themselves as relics, for the image was dressed in native material. Hanging about its neck was a necklace of peculiar make suspend ed with a small cross. The cross which should have been on top of the globe which he holds in his left hand was missing. The Sanctuaries of The Santo Nino of Cebu When the image of the Santo Nino was discovered, Legazpi or dered it to be enthroned in the very first church that should be erected and that the church be called Santisimo Nombre de Jesus. The Santo Nino, which was now entrusted to the Augustinian Fa thers, was enthroned in a tempo rary chapel set up in the same house where it was discovered. When completed, the Santo Nino was brought to the church in a procession with all the pomp and grandeur possible at the time. Fray Juan de Medina, who became prior of the convent of Santisimo Nombre de Jesus in the early se venteenth century, writes: The whole fleet took part in <t and carried the ornaments that they cotdd. The most Holy Child was carried in this procession to nut house, and placed on an altar as decently adorned as was possible in that early period. The first mass of those islands was celebra ted there, with more spir,t and de votion than music and splendor. At conclusion, all took a vow to celebrate annually the feast of the (Continued on page 22) March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Thirteen STO. NInO DE CEBU The oldest Christian relic in the Far East, the Holy Image of the Sto. Nino de Cebu is more than 400 years old and is now In the custody of the Augustinian Fathers In Cebu City. The image is the baptismal gift of Ferdinand Magellan to the wife of Rajah Humabon during his historic voyage in 1521. One of the major phases of the fourth centennial of the Christianization of the Philippines will be the canonical coronation of the Holy Image. CEBU and SANTO NINO Ay Manuel S. Satorre, Jr. ALTHOUGH CEBU’S SKYLINE rises to a face of a modern world, still the ruins that were left of its rich history four centuries ago show an epoch that is never to be born again. Thus, in the grandeur and glory that was Cebu, one finds the first (perhaps not the best) of every thing, what with bumpy roads, dirty market places, stinking mud holes, low water pressure, beggars and pickpockets. But, at any rate, Cebu is Cebu, and it is the “Felipino’s First.” It was here in this small island in the south where the first seeds of Christianity were planted, where the first foreign invader was re pulsed by a Filipino, where the first Filipino marriage was cele brated, where the first and oldest street in the Philippines was paved, where the first school was estab lished, where the first and tallest building in the Visayas and Min danao was constructed, where the first Filipino church was conferred the title Basilica Minor e, and where almost everything one sets his foot on is — FIRST. The Oldest Street in the Philippines During the rule of the first Spanish Governor in Cebu, Guido de Lavezarez sometime in the 17th century, the first Philippine street was paved with forced labor. Its pavement was made of tiles that were often used on rooftops. The street was named Colon. History has it that the street was supposed to be named Cologne after a town in France where La vezarez was said to have a kin. He wanted to name the street in honor of that town. However, the Filipinos who were instructed to make the stone engraving of the street-sign mistook the name for Colon. Thus, the street until now carries that name. The street was once part of the then Pili-Kanipaan and Sambag districts. Before the war, the city’s big business establishments were found in that street like the building housing the Cebu Advertizers, the old Ideal Theater, the Cebu Boxing Stadium including the residence of the late President Sergio Osmena Sr. Today, the old house of the late Don Sergio has been replaced by a building housing the Eden Thea ter. Colon Street squats right in the heart of Cebu City where thou sands of people mill everyday. Cebu’s Historic Fort San Pedro Quietly, at the entrance of the Cebu Harbor, the old Fort San Pedro rises like a pregnant woman. Page Fourteen THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 It was constructed on May 8, 1566, with Don Miguel Lopez de Legas pi breaking the first ground and dedicating it to the “Most Blessed Name of Jesus.” Legaspi had the fort constructed to protect him and his men from the hostility of the natives. In a letter to the King of Spain, Legaspi once wrote: “Their weapons are long and sharp iron lances, throwing sticks, shields, small daggers, wooden corselets, corded breastplates, a few bows and arrows and culverius.” Perhaps this made the construction of the fort impera tive. Triangular in shape, two sides face the open sea in a diagonal po sition. The apex is anchored at a promontory commanding the en trance to the harbor. Small watch towers or little forts flank it from the other two sides and armed with heavy guns. At the outbreak of the revolu tion in Cebu on April 3, 1898, the fort was made more colorful in its participation. The Katipunan army under Gen. Leon Kilat attack ed and drove the Spanish garri son away from the town. The gar rison was commanded by Gen. Adolfo Gonzalez Montero, the last Spanish Governor of Cebu. The garrison, together with the entire Spanish community headed by Bishop Martin Garcia Alcocer, was reported to have fled and sought refuge in the “Kotta” to escape the pursuit of the revolu tionaries. There, behind its wea ther-beaten walls, the Spaniards stood and waited for reinforcements from Manila. The Katipunan army, in the meantime, laid siege on the fortress. The fort had very weak defenses and could have been easily cap tured by the Filipinos. But Gen. Luis Flores, president of the local Katipunan and second-in-command of the Filipino army, was against the bombarding of the Fort and levelling it completely to the ground. He was afraid the women and children might be massacred. This saved the fort from capture. Later, two Spanish ships “Aolus and Viscaya,” the battleship “Don •Juan de Austria” as escort, arrived in the harbor carrying fresh troops and supplies. The warships bom barded the town while the trans ports began unloading the troops. The town went up in smoke, and the Filipinos lost the battle, re treating to the mountains. The siege released the Spaniards trap ped inside the fort. On the same occasion, however, the American gunboat “Petrel” unexpectedly appeared in the har bor and its commander demanded the surrender of the town. Gen. Montero, threatened by a superior enemy, surrendered. Fort San Pe dro including the town fell. After the Americans took over, peace ensued in the islands again. The City High School in 1940 until the outbreak of the Second World War was housed at the fort. During the war, the fort became the headquarters of the VisayasMindanao force of the USAFFE under Brig. Gen. Guy 0. Fort. When the enemy occupied Cebu, it was used and was, therefore, a mi litary target. Surprisingly, how ever, when the hostilities ended, Fort San Pedro came out un scathed. BASILICA M1N0RE On the spot in Ceb6 where a Spanish soldier found the Holy Image of the Santo Nino, the Sto. Nino Church was built. This church to be conferred the title of Basilica Mlnore by the Holy Father, Is primarily undergoing extensive renovation. Photo shows the architects* concept after the proposed alteration. March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Fifteen MAGELLAN'S CROSS The house above shelters the Cross which Magellan put up on the same spot. It was found by Legaspi some forty-four years later and preserved to our day. Sometime in 1950, the fort be came a subject of a running con troversy. The City of Cebu want ed it demolished and replaced with a building to house the new post office. But a strong opposition from the Cebu Historical Society and the Cebu Garden Club which was in charge of its beautification blocked the move of the city. The Cebu Post office building was fin ally constructed near the fort. Fort San Pedro which has sur vived several generations, two re volutions and two world wars, now houses the Cebu City Zoo. The Oldest School in the Philippines Even while some Filipinos in 1595 scattered all over the Philip pines were still wearing that pro verbial G-string, in Cebu, a school was already busy teaching the Fili pinos the arts and sciences. The University of San Carlos of Cebu holds the distinction of being the oldest school in the Philippines, in fact even much older than the University of Santo Tomas in Man ila and Harvard of U.S.A. It traces its origin to a school founded in 1595 by Jesuit Fathers Antonio Sedeiio, Pedro Chirino and Antonio Pereira under the name “Colegio de San Ildefonso.” San Carlos has a long history and before the S.V.D. took over in 1935, the institution had been dir ected by four different religious societies. The Jesuit Fathers ran the school for 176 years, the secu lar clergy for 69 years, the Domi nicans for 15 years, while the Vin centian Fathers (C.M.) held the reins of the school for 68 years. The latter were the last of the reli gious societies to supervise the school before the S.V.D. took over. The Colegio became a full-fledged university in 1948, the first outside Manila, a landmark in the educat ional history of “La Ciudad del San tisimo Nombre de Jesus.” The pre sent president is Rev. Fr. Rudolf Rahmann, S.V.D.. Ph.D. The First Marriage Celebrated In The Philippines Late in the year 1565, Father Diego de Herrera, friend of Fray Urdaneta, baptized King Tupas of Cebu’s widowed niece, naming her Isabel in honor of Dona Isabel Gar ces, Legaspi’s wife. In that baptis mal rite, three other children were christened. After King Tupa’s widowed niece conversion, she married a certain Andrea Calafate, Greek calker of Legaspi’s fleet, with Father Her rera officiating at the solemn ma rital rites. This was the first Christian marriage (1565) on Philippine soil. The Discovery and Founding of Cebu The discovery of these islands was made by Hernando de Maga llanes in 1521. The first Mass in this country was celebrated in Limasawa, Leyte, on March 31 of that year. The expedition then proceeded to Cebu. On April 14, a mass was held, during which Rajah Humabon, his wife, and some 800 of their followers were baptized. After mass, Magellan planted a wooden cross which exists on its original site until today. When Queen Juana (Ilumabon’s wife) was baptized, she was shown a very beautiful image of Child Jesus. The queen like the image so much that Magellan gave it to her as a gift. Then for the first time in Phil ippine History, Magellan died in the hands of Lapulapu, chief of Mactan. After his death, his fleet sailed back for Spain. Several years later, a number of expedi tions were sent by the king of Spain to the Philippines but they were unsuccessful. On November 21, 1564, a fleet commanded by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi sailed from Natividad, Mexico for the Philippines. In a letter to the King of Spain on No vember 18, 1564, Legaspi an nounces that “he has taken over two large ships and two pataches, and one small brigantine, in which are one hundred and fifty seamen, two hundred soldiers, and six re ligious men of the order of St. Au gustine, chief of whom is Father Fray Andres de Urdaneta.” The fleet reached Cebu on Feb ruary 13, 1565, but because of Ce buano resistance, Legaspi sailed away to explore the islands of Bo hol, Leyte and Samar. And finally on April 27, 1565, Legaspi went back to Cebu. He wrote: “We were guided by a Moro who acted in the capacity of interpreter. He knew the language of the natives. The Moro accompanied Fray Urdaneta to negotiate an amicable relations with King Tupas.” The Finding of The Holy Image Father Urdaneta failed to secure a truce with King Tupas. Legaspi, angered and desperate, routed the Cebuano King and his men and drove him away to the hills. During the battle, about one hundred houses were burned, the fire having started from an acci dental shot from the artillery or having been lit purposely by the Page Sixteen THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 natives. The soldiers were quar tered in the houses remaining after the fire. The following day, on April 28, 1565, one of Legaspi’s soldiers by the name of Juan de Camus, dis covered the image of the Child Jesus in an unburned Cebuano house that he was looting. It was believed that the same image was given to the wife of Ilumabon by Magellan. Writes Legaspi: “There was found a marvelous thing, namely, a Child Jesus like those of Flanders, in its pine cradle and its little loose shirt, such as come and all so well preserved that only the little cross, which is generally upon the globe that he holds in his hands was missing.” Historians, also commenting on the finding of the holy image, de clared: “As was right, the general had this prize, and when he saw it, he fell with great devotion. He took it in his hands and kissed its feet, and raising his eyes to heaven, he said: ‘Lord, Thou art powerful to punish the offenses committed in this island against Thy majesty, and to found herein Thy house, and holy church, where Thy most glorious name shall be praised and magnified. I supplicate Thee that then enlighten and guide me, so that all that we do here may be to Thy glory and honor, and the exalt ation of Thy Holy Catholic Faith.” At this instance, Legaspi order ed that this sacred image be placed with all reverence in the first church that should be founded, and that the church be called Nombre de Jesus (Name of Jesus). It gave great happiness and inspira tion to all to see, such an auspicious beginning for a truth it seemed a work of God to have preserved so completely this image among the infidels for such a long time, and an auspicious augury in the part where the settlement was to be made, the historians wrote. The First Filipino Church and a Basilica Minore On May 8, 1565, the sites for the Spanish quarters and the church were chosen, and the town was called San Miguel, because it was founded on the day of this Saint’s apparition. It was said that that night, the natives returned, setting fire to the remaining houses, so that the whole town was in danger of being burnt, with all the goods brought ashore from the ships. The site of the house wherein had been found the sacred image was select ed as the site of the Monastery of the Name of Jesus. ... a shrine to venerate the image, and from this point Christianity radiated to the different regions of the country. In a recent interview Father Casimiro Garcia, an Augustinian priest and prior of the San Agustin Church, said that the church and convent erected by the Augustinian fathers under Fray Urdaneta in 1565 were the first established in the Philippines. However, both were burned on November 1, 1566. Father Garcia recounting how the San Augustine church acquired its name, said: “The Child Jesus was brought to the church in solemn procession, and with the great de votion, and with great rejoicing and gladness of all men. Arriving at the church, they all adored it, and placed it on the principal altar, and all vowed to observe, sanctify, and celebrate solemnly as a feast day each year, the day on which it had been found, April 28. And in addition a brotherhood of the most blessed name of Jesus was established in the same manner under the conditions of that of San Agustin of Mexico, the major ity of the people entering as mem bers and brothers.” The Augustinian priest said that the San Agustin Church took after that brotherhood established in Mexico. He also said that in that proces sion of the Holy Child a number of natives took part and two chiefs who professed friendship to the Spaniards. Finally, peace and friendship were made between Legaspi and the greatest chief of the island, Tupas and it was ar ranged that tributes should be paid. This started the conversion of the islands, Father Garcia said. Father Garcia also disclosed that the second church built was destroyed by fire in March of 1628, but rebuilt soon after (1628-1629) under the administration of histo rian Juan de Medina, O.S.A. Miraculously, in the fires that gutted San Agustin church several times, the Santo Nino always was saved. The present massive church was designed and constructed during the priorship of Father Juan Albamuro, O.S.A., (1735-1737). Today, San Agustin church is undergoing reconstruction in pre paration for the fourth centenary of the Christianization of the Philipines. It was recently conferred the title Basilica Minore. (Continued on page 18) HISTORIC URDANETALEGASPI VOYAGE In 1565, upon orders of King Philip II of Spain, Miguel L6pez de Legaspi and Fray Andres de Urdaneta set sail for the Phil ippines. This expedition led to the start of the formal Christianization of the country and her unification into a single political unit. The expedition arrived in Cebu on April 27, 1565 or forty-four years after the ill-fated Magellan expedition. March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Seventeen (Continued from page 17) Cebu and Other Towns and The Centennial Celebration Surprisingly, the city and other towns of Cebu suddenly become aware of the magnanimity of the Fourth Centennial of the Christ ianization of the Philippines that everybody seems to have something to prepare for such occasion. Buildings and cleverly-designed edifices have suddenly sprang up like mushrooms in the city. The people have started to construct hotels, motels and lodging houses and office buildings to cope with an impending problem of housing pilgrims during the occasion. One such building worthy of no tice is the Lu Ym building. It is the tallest building in the Visayas and Mindanao and owned by the Lu Do brothers in Cebu. It was formerly the Lu Do building which was burned some years ago in a downtown fire. The newly-constructed hotels in Cebu are Ramirez hotel, Interna tional Hotel, Palm Lodge, Impala Village and several others. In the meantime, the Lapulapu City which is just across the chan nel is also busy expanding for the celebration. Danao City has assured its co operation for the celebration in cluding Toledo City. Everybody is preparing for the celebration. But what for is the occasion? Here are its objectives: 1) make the people aware and appreciative of the fact that the Philippines has been 400 years a Christian nation; 2) inspire the people to know their faith more fully and, to know to live their faith better; 3) encourage full par ticipation by the laity in the reli gious celebration of the Fourth Centennial; and d) to share the faith with non-Catholic countries through the Philippine Foreign Mission Society. Let us hope that we will all be worthy of the chance of being the host to this occasion (Cebu, I mean). And hope further that Ce bu will keep up its reputation of always being the FIRST. A Quadricentennial Challenge Cor Catholic Philippines By Corazon Ramirez Santos THE PHILIPPINES will celebrate the Fourth centenary of its Chris tianization on April 28, 1965. As we look back across the centuries and reflect on what we might have been spiritually, we can not help but feel deeply grateful to Divine Providence for bestowing on us the gift of Faith and to Spain, whose Catholic fervor was the instrument which made our Christianization possible. Why did the Spanish mis sionaries brave the perils of a long and hazardous voyage to an un known land that could be possible peopled with hostile natives? Ob viously it was in obedience to Christ’s parting command to His disciples: “Go, ye, therefore and preach ye the Gospel to all na tions .. For four centuries, we have thus been enjoying the blessings of the Catholic Faith. Yet, up to the pre sent, we still remain the only Cath olic country in the Fai' East. From an evangelical point of view, it is not something for us, Filipino Cath olics, to be proud of at all. It seems to faintly imply that we have not been living our faith as deeply as we should .. . that we have not taken our responsibilities serious ly .. . that we have not done all we could to share this precious gift of Faith with our brother Orientals. We could offhandedly attribute this omission on our part to cir cumstances existing under the Spanish and American regimes over which we had no control. But can we continue to justify our spir itual apathy and sluggish evangeli cal spirit, now that we are oui- own masters? There should be nothing to stop us now. All we need is something to push us “but hard!” on the way to conquering souls for Christ. Most of us wait for mo mentous or inspiring occasions on which to launch out important un dertakings or face new challenges. What better start is there than on this occasion of the quadricenten nial of our Christianization, when not only a sense of duty but also a sense of gratitude should impel us to act? Of course there is al ways the vital, everyday challenge of living a good and holy life, a bet ter life, which we should not over look. But special occasions require special offerings. In this instance, the offering of ourselves on a na tional scale, for the Christianiza tion of our brother Orientals could Page Eighteen THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 CLARION CALL — Off to the Missions! very well contribute to the success ful solution not only of our per sonal spiritual problems, but as should logically follow, the spirit ual problems of our country as well. “FOR IT IS IN GIVING THAT WE RECEIVE. ..” The Philippines is surrounded on all sides by pagan countries. To the north are: Japan, Korea, China and Formosa; to the east are Thai land, Indochina and Malaya; down south is Indonesia. Here, in these neighboring countries teem mil lions who are still groping in the darkness of paganism .. millions who have not even heard of the Word — God .. millions who are hungry for the knowledge of this all-good, Almighty Father in heav en. Who is going to bring the light of God into their lives? What, as members of the only Catholic na tion in the East, are we going to do about it? Obviously, not all of us can march out of the Philippines and go about the task of bringing our pagan neighbors into the one true fold. Yet, it is really quite sim ple. One need not even make a single step beyond his door, nor move an inch from where he is. Let each one of us just start right at this very moment with a good will to obey Christ’s command by telling Him straight from the bottom of our heart: Oh my God, out of love for You and in thanksgiving for the countless benefits You have best owed on us, I shall do everything I can to help spread Thy gospel to all nations, specially those of the East.” Yes, all of us can be mis sionaries right in our own homes, offices, schools, or fields, through our prayers and sacrifices! Parents could help immeasurably not only by praying for vocations in the family, and gladly allowing their children to follow the reli gious call, but also by making them mission-conscious and positively bringing them up in such a way as to prepare them for possible reli gious vocations. The rich could channel not only their prayers but also a good por tion of the wealth that God has entrusted to them to help the mis sion and finance vocations. How ever, the poor need not sigh for want of something to give. The of fering of one’s humble endurance of poverty in a royal manner must be most pleasing to God, Who Him self chose to be poor. In fact, the poor have a wealth of suffering and hardships to offer. It is hightime our Catholics cease to regard evangelization as neddling in somebody else’s business. Rich man, poor man. beggar man, doctor, lawyer, merchant, chief, it is every Catholic’s business to win souls for Christ. Not being equip ped with special training or apti tude to preach or teach is no hin drance to being a missionary. The Little flower of Jesus, just out of her teens, doing the humble chores of a Carmelite lay sister, never left the convent walls to teach, or preach. Yet, her prayers and sac rifices, numerous conversions have been attributed to her. There are those who hedge about by saying, “Oh, I am positively not the type to go in for flagellations, or horsehair-shirts, or fasting.” But who of us does not feel every now and then the drudgery, the mo notony of daily work, or the crush ing weight of one’s responsibili ties, whether you are in ordinary laborer, an office worker, a soldier, a housewife, teacher, storekeeper, or even an executive, whatever your work might be? There are moments when you get fed up with your duties, angry customers, pu pils, superiors, or fellow workers ... moments when you feel just like my dear fellow-Catholics, that this is your golden opportunity for going one step higher in the spirit ual echelon, and being a mission ary at the same time. You can of fer your desire to give in to your desire to give in to your sloth, your disgust, your anger, or your im patience, as a sacrifice, for the con version of souls, for the Chris tianization of Asia. You might be one of those ex traordinary mortals who never know anything but success, health, happiness, plus an ever resurging energy. If so, you could in humble gratitude offer all these heavenly gifts to God with the plea that he may bestow these blessings a hund redfold on the missionaries, labor iously tilling the distant pagan lands for a harvest of souls. Or better still, you could focus your extra energy on actual mission work. For centuries we have neglected our sick in more ways than one. Have, we, for instance, made them aware of the fact that they are also Christ’s chosen ones? That their being bedridden or their in ability to work with hand or feet need not mean that they are ab solutely useless in this world? (Continued on put/e 22) March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Nineteen F ABO c t s ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT HIE UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS (also known as the Divine Word University) of Cebu City, Philippines, is conducted by the So ciety of the Divine Word and dates back to 1595 when the first college in Cebu was founded by three priests of the Society of Jesus: Pedro Chirino, S.J., Antonio, S.J., and Antonio Pereira, S.J., and which in 1606 was named Colegio de San Ildefonso. Upon the expulsion of the So ciety of Jesus from the Philippines in 1769, the college was closed but was reopened in 1783 by Bishop Mateo Joaquin de Arevalo and was conducted by diocesan priests. It was renamed Colegio-Seminario de San Carlos. From 1852 to 1867, the Colegio Seminario was assisted by four Dominican Fathers and in 1867 entrusted to the Congregation of the Missions (C.M.) or Vincen tians. In 1935 the collegiate section under the name of Colegio de San Carlos was entrusted to the Societv of the Divine Word (SVD) while the seminary section in a separate building known as Seminario de San Carlos remained under the ad ministration of the Vincentians. On July 1, 1940, women were first admitted to the Colegio de San Carlos. From December 8, 1911, until August 1, 1945, classes were inter rupted by World War II. On Sept ember 12, 1944, the college build ing which the Japanese Army then occupied as headquarters as well as for the storing of ammunition was completely destroyed by the Ameri can Air Corps. All the present buildings were constructed after the war. On July 1948, the college was given the status of a university under the name of University of San Carlos. In 1963, the generalate of the Society of the Divine Word changed the name of the university to the Divine Word University although the old name is still large ly used. ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANIZATION The administration consists of a President, Vice President and Board of Trustees. The latter elects the Vice President and the Secre tary General and also its own Chairman and Secretary. It con trols the general management of the University. The President is as sisted by the Academic Senate, composed of Regents and Deans of the different colleges and some as sistant deans. The faculty consists of profes sors, associate professors, assist ant professors, senior and junior instructors, assistant instructors and lecturers. The proportion of lay to religious members is 6:1. There are 220 lay teachers (88.3%) and 29 religious teachers (11.771. Each teacher has an academic deg ree: Doctor’s, Master’s or Bache lor’s. The teacher-student ratio is 1:21. The non-teaching staff con sists of administrative and main tenance staffs all of whom, with few exceptions, are Filipinos. All the faculty members are Catholics. The university consists of a Graduate School and six colleges: Liberal Arts, Law, Commerce, Education (Teachers College); Engineering (Institute of Tech nology) and Pharmacy. It also con ducts a high school and elementary school for girls and boys and mixed primary school and kindergarten. Page Twenty THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 UT THE UNIVERSITY OF CEBU CITY, PHILIPPINES SAN CARLOS CURRICULA The Graduate School offers the following degrees: Doctor of Phi losophy in Philosophy, Education and Anthropology; Master of Arts in Education, English, Philosophy, Anthropology, Guidance, Teaching English as a Second Language and Economics; Master of Science in Business Administration, Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry and Zoo logy. The Colleges have the following departments: College of Liberal Arts and Sciences — Theology, English, Spanish, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Psychology, Social Sciences. Philosophy, Mathematics College of Law — (not divided into departments) College of Commerce — Account ing, Commercial Laws, Busi ness and Management, Secreta rial Science College of Education (Teachers Col lege) — Secondary Education, Elementary Education, Home Economics College of Engineering and Archi tecture (Institute of Techno logy) — Civil Engineering, Me chanical Engineering, Electri cal Engineering, Chemical Eng ineering, Architecture College of Pharmacy — (not divid ed into departments) Summer sessions are also conducted by the university. Students finishing their pre Engineering training in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences are submitted to an examination on ap plication for admission to the In stitute of Technology for their pro fessional training and arc tested to determine their talents. Those that show talents for engineering or architecture are allowed to en ter the institute to pursue these courses. Those who show talents in the crafts arc eligible for training as high-grade skillful mechanics of one form or another of which the nation stands in so much need. The fatter are granted diplomas in ser\ - ice engineering. The library consists of 78,697 well-selected volumes, including a collection of rare Filipiniana books. The principal research programs of the various departments arc: Anthropology: ethnology of the Negritoes, comparative linguistics of the Filipino Languages, archae ology of the pre-Spanish inhabit ants of the Visayas; Biology; taxo nomy and ecology of the flora and fauna of the Visayas especially the island of Cebu; Geology-Paleonto logy: the paleontological fauna of the island of Cebu ; Chemistry: the chemistry of local marine, lacustran, river and ground waters: Pharmacy: the pharmacology of Philippine medicinal plants. The Coconut Foundation carries on re search in matters pertaining to the coconut. The Natural History Mu seum of the Visayas and Mindanao has the following departments: botany, zoology, anthropology, geology and paleontology-. RELIGIOUS LIFE Although most of the students (96'< ) are Catholics, non-Catholics are welcomed. The latter consist mostly of Protestants, Aglipayans, Moslems and Buddhists. Non-Cath olics are not obliged to attend Catholic Theology classes and they are not urged to attend Catholic services. There is no compul sory program obliging Catholics to attend services or receive the sacraments. They are, however, en couraged with good results to take advantage of the ample opportuni ties provided for them to attend re gularly mass and receive the sacra ments. Classes in Theology (Reli gion) are offered for four semes ters in college. The Legion of Mary, the Student Catholic Action, the Sodality of the Blessed Virgen and St. Vincent de Paul Society arc counted among the Catholic stud ent organizations. ACCREDITATION The University is one of the char tered members of the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU). ENROLMENT The total enrolment of the Uni versity proper as of the beginning of the school year 196-1-1965 con sists of 6,318 students distributed as follows: Graduate School 168; Commerce, 2167; Liberal Arts and Sciences, 1111; Teachers College, 1512; Engineering, 918; Pharmacy, 140; I,aw, 94; Boys High School and Elementary School, 1102; Girls High School and Elementary. Pri March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Twenty-One mary, and Kindergarten School, 1298, making a grand total of 8,718. Any graduate from high school is eligible for admission to the col leges. No entrance examinations are held because of the scholastic differences between students com ing from cities like the City of Cebu and those from the mountain vil lages. Talented but poorly trained students are allowed one or two years to show their worth. Instruction is given according to traditional patterns consisting of lectures, seminars, laboratory work, with a limited amount of audio-visual helps such as movies and slides. FINANCE The University possesses no en dowment and is non-profit making. The operational finances come from students’ fees and tuition as well as the contribution of the non-salaried members of the Society of the Divine Word (SVD) and the Sister Servants of the Holy Ghost (S.Sp.S.) staff members. The of fice of the SVD Universities, 316 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Il linois, U.S.A., under the direction of Reverend Dr. Ralph, SVD, as well as the Generalate of the So ciety of the Divine Word contribute an annual grant for the develop ment and expansion of the univer sity. A Quadricentennial Every sick or suffering Catholic should be made to realize that he is a storehouse of vast potential spiritual wealth and energy. All that he has to do to release this power is to switch on his will and make it attune with Christ’s. Thus attuned and armed with his morn ing offering, he can each day scale spiritual heights. With his suf ferings united to those of Christ’s, he can have anybody’s good for the asking. With his sufferings, he can help to satiate, even by gulps, Christ’s unquenchable thirst for souls. Flat on his hospital bed, or tied to his wheel chair, he can rescue thousands of souls who, as one of the saints saw in a vision, every minute fall like autumn leaves into the abyss of eternal fire! Is this not spiritual romance and ad venture sufficient to rouse one’s soul into action? Let us therefore awaken our sick PUBLICATIONS Aside from student publications such as THE CAROLINIAN, a quarterly; the UNIVERSITY BULLETIN, a weekly and the SEMPER FIDELIS, an annual, the university issues two series of scientific publications; one in the field of natural sciences and the other in the field of humanities known as SAN CARLOS PUBLI CATIONS. EXPANSION AND STATISTICS The Coconut Foundation which concerns itself with coconut re search operates a Pilot Plant which extracts oil from fresh coconuts, hydrogenates the oil into fatty al cohols and sulfates the latter into detergents. With the aid of grants from the Central stelle of Aachen, Germany, the university construct ed (1963) a new and modern Teachers College as well as an In stitute of Technology (1963) which superseded the former College of Engineering. The Institute of Tech nology is closely associated with the Coconut Foundation. APPRAISAL The University, because of its Catholic moral traditions and prac tices, up-to-date equipment, compeent teaching staff and relatives high scholastic standards is regard ed as one of the leading universities of the Philippines. • • (Continued from page 19) and suffering Catholics to the fact that they are not as useless and miserable as most of them imagine themselves to be. The cheerful of fering of all the sufferings that they have to undergo can greatly lessen the heavy load of mission ary work. Let us harness the spir itual power that lie dormant among our poverty-stricken people. If all they have is poverty, they can still lovingly offer it together with all the hardships that poverty entails. None of us therefore can justly say that he can not help because he is handicapped, because with a good intention, even handicaps can be made meritorious. There are count less opportunities of making little sacrifices. All you have to do is to be willing to make them. And surely, it is not too much to ask every Catholic from Aparri to Jolo to offer a Hail Mary each day for (Continued on page 36) C-ke. .Santo J^ino (Continued from page 13) finding of that relic... A confra ternity of the Most Holy Name of ■Jesus teas then established with the same rules as that of St. Au gustine in the city of Mexico. The exigency of the situation would not have demanded perma nent structures so that the provi sionary church would have been of light native materials. This did not last long, no doubt, and more so after Legazpi transferred his colony to Panay to evade Portuguese at tacks. It was only in 1575, three years after the colony was re established by Legazpi, that the foundation for that first stone building was laid which took twenty-seven years to finish. Meanwhile, through unexplained reasons, the Santo Nino made its appearance in the home of Dona Catalina Jimenez, who is said to have belonged to one of the lead ing families of the time. This Lady is said to have taken reverent care of the image of the Holy Child which her husband, Captain D. Juan Rodriguez, one of the first colonizers of the island, gave to her. There is strong reason to be lieve, however, that the image of the Santo Nino was returned to the church sometime after this was finished in 1602 for when this church was burned to the ground twenty years later, it is said that only the Santo Nino was saved from the ruins. Church and convent were again rebuilt but on May 8, 1628, were once again reduced to ashes. The building were rebuilt once more during the priorship of Fray Juan de Medina. The present church and convent, now popularly known as San Agustin, rather than San tisimo Nombre de Jesus, were started about the year 1730. This took a decade to finish and it was not until January 16,1740 that the Santo Nino was finally enthroned in the new, and still extant, sanc tuary. The Spread of the Devotion to the Santo Nino of Cebu As the primary center from which the devotion to the Santo Nino was spread throughout the islands, Cebu had been chosen as the center of propagation of the Faith, already playing its role of missioner for almost half a cen(Continued on page 47) Page Twenty-two THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 GENERAL PROGRAM fourth Centennial of the Christianization of the Philippines CEBU CITY, PHILIPPINES APRIL 25 to MAY 3, 1965 Bfjirb Rational dEucijaristic (Congress I — SOLEMN TRIDUUM AT THE BASILICA OF SANTO NINO (Sunday, April 25 to Tuesday, April 27) DAILY SCHEDULE 6:30 A.M. — Pontifical Solemn Mass 5:30 P.M. — Holy Rosary Triduum Prayers Sermon Solemn Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament II —CULTURAL AND CIVIC ACTIVITIES A — Dance Drama: "THE SANTO NINO" Directed by Father James B. Reuter, S.J. Sunday, April 25 to Sunday, May 2, at 8:00 P.M. at the Aznar Coliseum Gala Performance on Tuesday, April 27 B —Stage Presentation: "FACETS OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY" Presented by the University of San Agustin, Iloilo City Monday, April 26 to Wednesday, April 28 at 8:00 P.M. at the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion Auditorium Gala Performance on Wednesday, April 28 C — Choral Concerts at the St. Theresa's College Auditorium Wednesday, April 28 at 7:00 P.M. — Dumaguete St. Paul College Glee Club Thursday, April 29 at 7:00 P.M. — University of San Carlos Girls' High School Friday, April 30 at 7:00 P.M. — St. Theresa's College Glee Club D — Cultural-Historical-Mission Exhibits Sponsored by the Government Participation Com mittee chairmanned by the Honorable Rufino G. Hechanova, Secretary of Finance April 27 to May 30 at the Cebu Normal School Tuesday, April 27 at 6:00 P.M. Opening by His Excellency, President Diosdado Macapagal of the Republic of the Philippines Blessing by His Eminence, the Papal Legate Cocktail offered by the Honorable Rufino G. Hechanova E — Cultural and Historical Conferences on the 400 years of Christian Culture for the duration of the exhibits. III — FIRST NATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE CATHOLIC ACTION OF THE PHILIPPINES (April 26-28) Monday, April 26 1:00- 3:00 P.M. — Registration of Delegates at St. Theresa's College Auditorium. 3:00 - 5:00 P.M. — Opening Session at the same place. 5:30 P.M. —Mass and Communion at the Sacred Heart Church. j Tuesday, April 27 8:00 A.M. - 12:30 P.M.—Workshop Sessions at St. Theresa's College. ! 2:00 - 4:30 P.M. —Workshop Sessions at the same j place. 7:30 - 9:00 P.M. — Committee on Resolutions Meeting. Wednesday, April 28 j 7:30 A.M. —Mass and Communion at I the Sacred Heart Church. 9:00 A.M. - 12:00 Noon — Closing Session at St. Theresa's College Auditorium. IV —THIRD NATIONAL EUCHARISTIC CONGRESS (April 27-May 2) Tuesday, April 27 RECEPTION OF THE PAPAL LEGATE 9:00 A.M. — Arrival and Popular Reception at the Cebu Waterfront — Canonical Reception at the Basilica of the "Santo Nino" — Proclamation of the Basilica of the "Santo Nino" 4:30 P.M. — Civic Reception at the Abellana High School Grounds March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Twenty-three Wednesday, April 28 OPENING DAY OF THE EUCHARISTIC CONGRESS 4:00 A.M. — Penitential Procession from all the City parishes to the Shrine of the Cross of Magallanes 6:00 A.M. — Low Mass at the same Shrine by the Superior General of the Augustinian Fathers Address of His Excellency, the Spanish Ambassador to the Philippines 2:00 P.M. — Fluvial Procession of the Image of the "Santo Nino" 4:30 P.M. — Canonical Coronation of the Image of "Santo Nino" by the Papal Legate at the Congress Site 5:00 P.M. — Opening Ceremonies of the III National Eucharistic Congress by the Papal Legate 10:00 P.M. to 4:00 A.M. — Nocturnal Adoration in all the City parish churches Thursday, April 29 CHILDREN'S DAY 4:00 A.M. — Penitential Procession from all the City parishes to the Congress Site 6:30 A.M. — Pontifical Low Mass and Communion at the Congress Site — Sermon 9:00 A.M. to 12:00 Noon — Conferences 12:00 Noon — Luncheon in honor of the Papal Legate at the Casino Espanol, offered by the Spanish Community of Cebu 3:00 to 4:00 P.M. — Holy Hour in all the City churches. 5:30 P.M. — Pontifical Low Mass and Solemn Benediction at the Congress Site — Address 10:00 P.M to 4:00 A.M. — Nocturnal Adoration in all the City parish churches Friday, April 30 WOMEN'S DAY 4:00 A M. — Penitential Procession 6:30 A.M. — Pontifical Solemn Mass and Communion — Sermon 9:00 A.M. to 12:00 Noon — Conferences 3:00 to 4:00 P.M. — Holy Hour 5:30 P.M. — Pontifical Concelebration and Solemn Benediction at the Congress Site — Address 7:00 P.M. — Conferring of the degree "Doctor of Laws Honoris Causa" on the Papal Legate by the University of San Carlos April 30 (night) to May 1 MEN'S NIGHT 1 1:00 P.M. — Holy Hour 12:00 Midnight—Pontifical Solemn Mass and Communion of men — Sermon Saturday, May 1 DAY OF THE SICK AND AGED 4:00 A.M. — Penitential Procession 6:30 A.M. — Pontifical Low Mass and Communion — Sermon 9:00 A.M. to 12:00 M.—Conferences 9:30 A.M. — General Assembly of Cursillistas at the Aznar Coliseum on the occasion of their International Convention 3:00 P.M. — National YOUTH Rally 5:30 P.M. — Pontifical Low Mass and Solemn Benediction at the Congress Site — Address 9:00 P.M. — Apostolic Hour of Cursillistas at the Congress Site 10:00 P.M. to 4:00 A.M. — Nocturnal Adoration Sunday, May 2 ! CLOSING DAY I 4:00 A.M. — Penitential Procession I 6:30 A.M. — Pontifical Solemn Mass by the Papal Legate Immediately before the Mass the Papal Legate will bless the cornerstone of the Seminary of the Foreign Mission Society of the Philippines Sermon by the Papal Legate Altar Services: Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, Manila 10:30 A.M. — Laying of the cornestone of the Seminary of the Foreign Mission Society of the Philippines at Consolacion, Cebu 3:00 P.M. — Eucharistic Procession from the Provincial Capitol to the Congress Site 6:30 P.M. — Broadcast of the Message of the Holy Father * 8:00 P.M. — State Dinner in honor of the Papal Legate (by invitation) Monday, May 3 6:30 A.M. — Pontifical Requiem Mass at the Congress Site for all the deceased Missionaries who labored in the Philippines 12:00 M. —Charity Lunch for the poor of Christ Sponsored by the Damas de Io Caridad de San Vicente de Paul of Cebu. For Particulars, Please See Separate Program For Each Activity. | OTHER ACTIVITIES Before and during the Fourth Centennial celebration 1. Popular Missions in the City parishes of Cebu 2. National Boy Scouts Jamboree 3. Spiritual Retreats to be conducted by Father '• Lombardi, S.J. a) For Priests b) For Sisters 4. Eucharistic Assembly of the Nocturnal Adoration 5. National Convention of the Diocesan Directors of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and Missionary Union of the Clergy 6. National Convention of the Young Christian Workers 7. Second National Congress of the Student Catholic Action April 27 —May 1 At the University of the Visayas Page Twenty-four THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 USC DRAMATIC EVENT OF THE YEAR 1964: SOMETHING sentimental and heart warming, something un-realistic, but surprisingly memorable, the wildly ac claimed Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie rode into town on turbulent November week of last year. Much to the surprise of many, it did not leave with the typhoon that invited itself into the heart of the city, impromptu threat ening the play presentation; yes, some thing wonderful, something beautiful lingered in the memory.... The play presentation in arena-style, with barely two months of hectic pre paration at the Cebu Youth Hall, geared for a showdown with the almost artistic ally-impoverished but James Bond-orient ed Cebuano audience. It was like an egg about to be hatched and yet, when it was actually hatched, the chick would not come out of its broken shell, afraid the world might not suffer it. Nevertheless, through the erstwhile sponsorship of the 8th Supreme Student Council of the University in cooperation with Fulbright Professor Joseph Fitch and his workshop and USC Rector Rev. Fr. John Vogelgesang, S.V.D., the play was finally put to a test before a select audience of about 200 persons who (most probably) went to see the play in spite of the typhoon. Almost as in a dream, the play headed for a happy ending with drama enthu siasts who witnessed the sudden drama tic rebirth in Cebu declaring thus, ‘‘The play was superb! Who’s the director? Who are the casts? etcetera, etcetera, etcetera....?” The Play and The Author Ably directed by visiting Fulbright Professor Joseph Fitch, the arena-style play presentation recreated Tennessee Williams’ fiercest and boldest cry of “catastrophe without violence." While the Williams audience accepted for many years his outrageous and almost disgust ing portrayal of violence which he was dealing out to them — of rape, castra tion, and cannibalism — the Glass Me nagerie is a far cry from what he has been feeding us. Interviewed by News week in the spring of 1960 after the first presentation of the play, Williams said, “I want to pass the rest of my life be lieving in other things. For years I was too preoccupied with the destructive im pulses. From now on I want to be con cerned with the kinder aspects of life.” It could not have been only a period of adjustment, the sudden turn in his liter ary career or that which was expected The Director and the Cast of The ©lass Menagerie pose for posterity before the final rehearsal of the arena-style presentation. Photo show from left to right: Wllfredo Jnstlmbaste, Hannah Flores, Professor Joseph Fitch, Vivien Ordoiia, and Mr. Agaplto Severino. of Jean Paul Sartre when he rebuked the Nobel Prize in literature. The cry and the resolution came from someone alone, utterly and irrevocably, in his agony. It could have been an Osbornian crisis. But it was Williams’: the writer of the macabre world of violence, making headway for the lost province of the more American, concerned with the more smil ing aspects of life. Violence portrayed in his plays as The Night of the Iguana, The Rose Tattoo, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Suddenly Last Summer, Summer and Smoke, and many others, perhaps, provides the spring board for this remarkable change in Wil liams. Anyway, as the philosophers would put it, the literary world should be dyna mic and not static, which means it should be capable of transcending from one di mension to another. The Glass Menagerie was hailed as a major dramatic event when it first ap peared. The play survives mainly on symbols rather than the literal which holds to the fore the rise of the memory play. by Manuel S. Satorre Jr. Williams has successfully woven a pattern which pieces together the frag mented lives of human beings, winding up into a tragedy quietly fulfilled in the words of one of its characters: “Blow out your candles, Laura — and so good bye. ..." The play — which Williams calls the “new plastic theater” where evanescent characters and images flicker across the stage momentarily, with characters who often want to withdraw from the blind ing light of reality into the softer world of illusion — is a story of five characters, Amanda, the mother; Laura, the daught er; Tom, the son; Jim, the Gentleman Caller; and the father whose presence is felt in his absence. It starts with Tom and his mother in mortal conflict. Amanda, in their poverty but without losing hope, wanted to create a new world for Laura who happens to have lost the essence of life when she suffered a limp after a fall. She asks Tom to get Laura a Gentleman Caller which thus ushers in the fragility in Laura’s world imbedded in the symbolic "glass menagerie" she treasures in her home. Finally, after hours of confrontation, Amanda succeeds in persuading Tom to bring into their anguish-ridden home a Gentleman Caller. THE GLASS MENAGERIE March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Twenty-five Professor Joseph Fitch coaches Hannah Flores (left) and Vivien Ordoiia (extreme right) the proper diction and the art of drama. When Jim, the Gentleman Caller, comes, Laura, (afraid because she real izes the man is the same person whom she had a crush on during her school days) refuses to see him. But Amanda, playing the matchmaker successfully brings them together in happy reunion. But the twist as in any other play comes. Laura discovers that Jim, the sweetest thing that ever came into her life, is engaged with another woman. Laura is left alone painfully trying to heal her wounds. Amanda sighs. While Tom leaves their home in search for adventure. Commenting on the play, Dr. Roger Stein, Assistant Professor of English at the University of Washington, said, “The particular excellence of The Glass Me nagerie, by contrast, is that Williams was able at th.s one point to sustain both a credible dramatic situation of the an ticipation and appearance of the Gentle man Caller at the same time that he de veloped with extraordinary skill the secondary level of allusion which gives to the drama its full symbolic signific ance. The pattern of allusion, the tight ness of poetic texture, transforms the pathetic story of the Wingfield family into a calamity of immense proportions.” THE ARENA AND THE MEMORY PLAY The arena is a new technique in theater presentation. It places the stage in the center with the spectators view ing the play from all sides which brings to the limelight the character and the drama and moves the play right into the midst of the audience. This is effected by the proximity of the players to the spectators and the concomitant austerity of the set, because of its own nature, the audience has to be limited and the acting stressed. The memory play is perhaps most suit able for the arena. As Williams des cribes it: “The scene is memory and is therefore non-realistic. Memory takes a lot of poetic license. It omits some de tails. Others are exaggerated. Accord ing to the emotional value of the articles it touches, for memory is seated predo minantly in the heart. The interior is therefore rather dim and poetic.” Dr. Stein explains it this way: “The structure of the play helped Williams to move away from realistic drama and too great a dependence upon only the literal significance of word or action. His development of The Glass Menagerie as a ‘memory play,’ organized around Tom’s remembrances of things past, gave Williams the freedom to develop the “new plastic theatre” of which he spoke in the author’s production notes to be published versions of the play. Lighting, music, and the device of the narrator who is both a commentator on and a part of the series of tableaux which he presents in his search for the meaning of the past all contribute to the play’s fluidity, a quality and metaphor which one critic sees as central to Williams’ art.” Mr. Agapito Severino (left) executes a dramatic pose before Wilfredo Justimbaste in a touching scene in The Glass Menagerie. THE DIRECTOR, CAST, AND PRODUCTION STAFF The visiting Fulbright professor, we may call him: Professor Joseph C. Fitch. He was responsible for the success of the play presentation. As someone who has not really been used to the Cebuano temperament, it was amazing how Professor Fitch managed to direct the play in utter smoothness. We can still remember how he would nervously walk around the arena and observe his students performing during the actual presentation of The Glass Menagerie at the Youth Hall last Nov ember 19 to 22, 1964. Many were even amazed how he succeeded in letting his actors speak with an American accent! Fitch who was a professor of theater arts at Montana State College, is a United States Educational Foundation grantee at the University. He has both theoretical and practical knowledge of drama and the arts. He holds the degree of Bachelor of Science in English from Murray State College. From the same institution, he obtained a Master of Arts degree in Education and Psychology. His Master of Fine Arts degree in drama he obtained from Yale University. He had made special studies of the theater and television at the American Theater Wing. Helping Professor Fitch bring The Glass Menagerie into a successful conclu sion were the cast and the production and promotion staff of the play. Mr. Agapito Severino, an English instructor in the un'versity, played the role of Tom, the poet whom Jim, port rayed by Wilfredo Justimbaste, called Shakespeare. Although Severino was a little bit older for his role of Tom, he successfully displayed intensity in his characterization. “Maybe,” Severino said when asked to comment after the p'fay presentation, “it was due to my ulcers that I really looked like Tom." The role of Amanda, played by Vivien Ordoiia, a former Graduate School stud ent, now an East-West researcher, was the most taxing of all the performances. Hannah Flores, a Commerce student in this university, was just perfect for the role of Laura: naive, innocent-look ing and a first timer. Those who composed the production (Continued on page 47) Page Twenty-Six THE CAROLINIAN March-April. 1965 PICTORIAL A Walk IN TIME I was but a green fragment in the pacific blue when my proud history dawned in the eoming of a novigotor who probed beyond the edge of the yonder G. but it was not until the coming of a soldier and a fray that I found my unity in the vastness of the Christian Faith Thus I roared to express myself before the others and in agony . . . even in their homage of brothers with equal task so I fly With the wind and waff with the sea GG. HH. and puff with the cloud and inch in the mud CVWuffi^^cefe^ tfyat i$ Qteku (PICTORIAL SECTION DESCRIBED) THE CAROLINIAN Page Thirty-five March-April, 1965 Stranger in the Cool of Summer Engineer and Mrs. Jesus Alcordo (Nee Yolanda Villon) They were married on March 17 in the Archbishop’s Palace chapel. Engineer Alcordo is graduate of the College of Engineering and is presently connected with the same college. Yolanda was a former Carolinian. The “C” prays to God to shower His divine blessings on them! by RICARDO I. TATALINJUG Night A Quadricentennial... (Continued from page 22) the success of the missions. In these days of preparation for an on the grace-laden days of the Congress itself, let us storm heav en with our prayers that we may be filled with the light and strength of the Holy Spirit, so that each and everyone of the 24,000,000 Cath olics of these fair isles may coura geously and generously rise up to the challenge of Catholic Action, not only in and for the Pearl of the Orient Seas, but for the entire Orient as well. $ .. . other testimony of summer nights. — T. S. ELIOT For Thine is Life is For Thine is the. — T. S. ELIOT SUDDENLY it was evening and the groan of the traffic stirred the dead heart of the soulless city and electrified the footsteps of the hapless victims of Twentieth Century Complexity. Their eyes looked ferocious and dry as they undulated like somnambulists in the macabre rhythm of the man-made hell. Monotony punctuated the march of darkness; cacophony accompanied the progress of time. The insolent breeze came to disseminate the odor of decay. In the sidewalk, a pious humanitarian sang his badly but boldly composed ditty: ‘Pray, Brothers, pray Before the stars fade, Before The Bomb flowers Over our heads!’ The hidden violence of his cogent voice struggled to be noticed, stirred the evening’s drooping wing, and invaded the sepulchres of the passersby’s nauseadrowned consciousness before it wound its way through the womb of the night. This was the night of summer nightmares and bloodthirsty dreams haunted the veins of the city and the collective consciousness of humanity. Somewhere, lovers lay in a motel with bullet holes in their temples. Somewhere in Vietnam, communists and non-communists were dying of bul let wounds; in China Mao was finishing China’s unfinished revolution; in Pen tagon a New Bomb was perfected; while in Indonesia, Indonesians were migrat ing to Mindanao like birds. Mr. and Mrs. Prolasio J. Solon, Jr. (Nee Angelita Gandionco) They were married on January 21. Both are Carolinians and graduated from the College of Commerce. The “C” wishes God’s choicest blessings on their new state of life. THUS he lay in bed. It was warm in the room. A block or two away the rumble of the city could be heard. But the room itself was quiet — quiet as a tomb. That morning all' the boys in the apartment bundled their few belongings to flee from the meaningless monotony of the city. Perhaps they were going to their respective provinces were the grass was green and the air was cool and gentle like a woman’s breath. In the womb of the summer night the tenement looked like a huge corpse sprawl ing unashamedly in the dead heart of the city. Page Thirty-six March-April, 1965 He rose, lighted a cigarette and looked outside. He stared blankly into the darkness and the fierceness of his gaze and the savage beating of his heart wrung the words from the soul of the night: Extano, go down into my womb. I have memories to offer you. 3 AND suddenly he was burning, burning with the fever of remembering borne by the canopy of dark■ ness hovering over him like a wing of madness. He was burning in the hole of hell, the hell of his own creation, the hell of his past that would not go. His mind ran and shrieked and the unseen fire raged on. He wanted to flee and fly like a frantic flicker, to flee away from the gruesome fire, but the fire and the fever would not go and they clung to him like a shadow, like a wraith, like a delirium, like the heart of summer, like the furies! — Tather, don’t forsake me! I am your son! Look into my eyes and search there the reflection of your own soul. Can you not see in the quivering of my hands the sincerity of my ambition and the humility of my supplication? — Go away! I have no son! — Father, don’t crucify me! — Do you not know that with every poem you write you are crucifying me? Do you not know that with every failing grade you get the doctor comes here to cure me? And do you not know that with every bottle of wine you empty your mother prays the rosary 100 times and walks with her knees from the main portal of the church to the altar? — Father! — Go away, stranger! I have no son! — But I have a father! — Yes, the Devil! — Father! — Go away, Orestes! Agammenon is dead! The night shrieked and the nightbirds screeched as he ran in the rain racing with Father Time while behind him the Voice echoed and reechoed. He plunged deeper and deep er into the night, into the depth of darkness waiting to be borne by the fatal wings of Thanatos did not come and Lethe was nowhere to be found. The Voice followed fast and fol lowed faster until he fell down in a swoon! FATH EEEEEER RRRR!!! The door opened with a bang. The furious landlady ap peared with a broom in her hand. “Shut up, idiot!’ she shouted. Extrano was startled. He was sweating profusely and his lips were quivering like leaves. And when the landlady looked straight into his eyes, she saw there the wildness of an elegiac remembering. “Are you one of the furies?” “I am the landlady. What can I do to help you?” “I want you to sweep all the memories of the tortured mind.” “Maybe there’s something wrong with you. Look, why don’t you take a vacation? In the province perhaps where the ..." “You too, Bruta? You also want to exile me from here?” He took his jacket and went out. 4. EL Mundo, the nightclub where he was working as a crooner and pianist, was already crowded with ■B the usual customer — people with bruised feelings when he came in. He was their favorite singer because his melancholy and mellow voice fitted with the ballads he crooned — ballads about love and life, about the night and the sleeping city. Sometimes he sang tenderly and furiously but oftentimes he sang sadly, because his heart, he said, was forever grieving like the night. "You’re late, Extrafio,” Ouido, the proprietor said ner vously. “Where have you been?” “I have just emerged from Hades!” he said with a grin. “The piano is waiting.” He pounded the ivory keys and sang: “Come, let’s sing Stimmer ballads In the cool of Summer nights. Dress your bruised Feelings ivith Ribbons colored With laughter. . .” The melody rose into the air. He sang with all his might until his throat burned with a soulless joy. The people clapped and the proprietor laughed. The song ended with a savage yell. “You have a nice voice, Extrano and you play the piano well. Why don’t you study in a conservatory and get your self a diploma?” a stout lady said. The wrinkles of her face were covered with an imported rouge. “Extrano, why don’t you wear a necktie?” a young lady who had successfully sneaked from her bald husband asked. “Ladies, I am one of those who do not believe in the power of a diploma nor in the elegance of a necktie.” He laughed and walked over to the table of Professor Salamida. The Professor was alone in his table, nursing his glass in silence. "Hello, Professor,” Extrano greeted the old man. “Sit down, Extrano. Let’s talk. I have just read your latest volume of poems and they suit my taste. You are one of the best philosophical poets I know.” “Oh, I don’t philosophize, Professor. I ‘foolosophize’.” “Ha! Ha! Ha!” “Ha! Ha! Ha!” Extrano, what’s your idea about life?” "... a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury Signifying nothing.” “Oh, so you’re a believer of Shakespeare.” “Existentialism is nothing new!” “Oh, but how about love?” "A stolen metaphor from fairy land!” “And death?" “It is like the sun. It is true!” THE passage of time was marked by the number of empty bottles. Slowly, the hall was becoming empty. Only the vociferous young men were left. And Extrano who got sore of the growing silence, leaped angrily on the table top. Drunk with wine and memory, he sang and danced. His face was flushed and there was a shin ing wrath burning in his flesh. His blood shrieked and his bones screamed. In the frenzied wind of the summer night he sang and danced and his shrill manly voice echoed with anguish and anger. The angry summer drizzle stopped and March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Thirty-seven the uninvited black clouds departed. The moon rose and shone above the houses that bloomed like sickly flowers in the dead heart of the lifeless city. 7 have no more phantoms, No more weird darkness in My world. Now you can look Into my eyes and see there The cool serenity!’ The man on the bongos howled: ‘Bravo!’ From nowhere a Voice thundered: ‘Liar!’ The audience of young men with jackets clapped and smoked and laughed and looked. "Dance, Extrano, dance!” “Sing, Extrafio, sing!” Thus he danced and sang in the manner of an angry Ilonggot warrior. Then from the room upstairs a baby cried. It was a cry of innocence protesting the savage bedlam below. Panting, Extrano stopped. He took a long drink from the bottle in his pocket. Whisky! Then, strumming his guitar, he heaved himself into a song again: "Cry, baby, cry Until your eyes Become dry! Blotv, tears, flow Blood the world And drown all its Ancient sorrows!’’ Upstairs, the baby cried in obedience. “Dance, Extrano, dance!” “Shut up, scalawag! I’m not your slave!” Guffaws. Then silence. Extrano opened a window and looked at the sleeping world outside. The scavengers of the night — cats and dogs and rats and brats — tumbled over garbage cans. Almost every night he peered at the window to watch this cruel thing. The waifs rummaged the garbage cans only to find there the scraps of human wrath. He lighted a cigarette and decided to go out into the cool of summer night. He proceeded to the door... “Are you going home now?” Ramon asked. “I have no home, brother.” “What a catastrophe!" Cornelio sneered. “Then why don’t you join us?” Prospero asked. “I’m not of your kind, brother.” “What an insult!” Manido boomed. “You’re a fool!” Rackmaninoff squeaked. “How about you, brother?” Then he was gone. The young men looked at each other. Silence asked the silent faces only to receive a silent answer. IN HIS room, the Professor, after knowing that his wife was out again with her coterie of ‘charitable’ women, wrote: "Home without love Is inconceivable And TV alone is Not enough. Tell Me, Dear, in the Absence of publicity Where does charity go?’’ WHILE in the empty streets, in the cool of summer night, Extrano, the eternal stranger of the tired old world mumbled: Shantih! Shantih! Shantih! THE END yt((e(u.jak First prize, USC Literary Contest a huge shining axe chopped down a tree young and fresh while a tree stump stood, holding a concentric circle exposed to sun, to rain winds sang and the raindrops brought the hymn of a native a wanderer who roamed mountains and hills, slept in caves, sculptured and tattooed his skin, burnt incense in the dwelling of little gods there were little gods whose ire and impatience brought rocks rolling, rolling, crushed down a deep, hungry gorge.............. these little gods slowly, slowly turned flowers when the ripples of a stream, the moss-covered stones of a river, like the poetry of a star mosaic fastened and introduced into a dark, uncomprehending world anchored a light, light that ripped flowing skirts of darkness, unbelief taking tiny wings and tattered fragments awakening slumbering souls! exposed to sun, to rain, the tree stump’s concentric circle held God Omnipotence, Truth, Light and the wanderer no more burnt incense in the dwellings of his little gods, but picked his little flowers, strew them around a tree carried a chalice with prayers the roots of a tree four hundred years of age, the beginnings of a new arc in a circle to eternity, in sunshine or rain spread out to feed on that divine light, year after year, grow and multiply like stars in the skies singing allelujah! allelujah! By Rene Racoma Page Thirty-eight THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 Sxodus of (ke 5^00 ion men Second Prize, USC Literary Contest The blood of the Patriarchs Stirred red in Moses When You opened his eyes from Adam’s sleep. He found his brethren grooping in Egypt’s darkness; So, dropping Pharaoh’s diamonds, And caring less for our gold. He led us out, — out to walk under Your Light. Through the desert of temptation we plowed a score of years times twenty. Though compassed on all flanks by Ammonites, Philistines and Chanaanites, Though whipped by the tempest of rebellions, bitten by the serpents of heresy, shaken by the earthquake of world wars, blinded by the sandstorm of time, We still stood gazing forward and up. Moses has long fallen asleep; Multi-masked general have led us. Pilgrims for centuries, we have filled the seven thousand islands and more, with thirty million strong. Yet, still today, our lips do not sip from a fountain of honey, nor our eyes see a river of milk flowing. Nevertheless, we are not lost, nor deceived, For amidst the frenzy of our journey We have You, our Manna, forever; We have amidst us the Arc of Your Covenant, a whirlpool of faith, love and hope, ever drawing us to the axis of Your grace. Through the centuries we carried it; We will keep on carrying it, in our minds in our hearts; Through our works and breath we will sing of You, Whose union is the promised eternal bliss. Earth, we know, only hazily mirrors heaven. Llewelyn Navarra Hortillosa kerne ^ietding. of ^JCumakon. Third Prize, USC Literary Contest Four hundred bountiful years The whole world is almost in tears Amidst the troubles of many nations-chaos Many came despite the rain, the crowd and the wind of the local scene Here and there, north and south, east and west The whole world is dead It’s only here, the pearl and the gem of the east Where faith continues day by day since the time The first Christian queen confided, When to the heavens she raised her eyes — To Him the Little Black Child 1565 Pagan innocence! Fear of Anito King and God of the trees She adores and worships him She follows scheduled rituals She bows down to his power With all her pagan love she would shower — Savage arrogance! Regal in native splendour A hardy conviction within it seems But for the queen of his heart And his carnal delight He can’t say no, no, never shall be bow down before him He who is called the son of the father The God of all things, supreme God The God on the cross. Brutal shyness! Sweet timidity Gentle meekness, tender and devoted wife That she is, without It is Anitos she worships King and God of the trees She followed scheduled rituals But she is the queen, queen of the heart of the king The real power on the throne The winkless goddess behind the hall and the wall of the empire If what she desires, he denies, Her eyes are like black gems afire For a man when he loves gives his woman anything she wants — March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Thirty-nine He is a willing slave al her command Even if a thousand lightnings are at hand Wifely dominance! Now is the time, her queenly persuasion reigns Her final choice must not be ignored Lest he shall find her less adored She persuades Humabon her king and husband Liketh sound of the waters of a virgin spring Her voice seems to sing Pinangga, hinigugma (My dearest beloved) She sweetly pleads Let us submit ourselves Io them Surely their God must be the (rue one I'or (hey have come from a far distant land Their clothes are far superior Their looks compassionate and their voices sweet to hear Strange benevolence! For she saw The Little Black Child Regal looking like a king from a shovel filled with filth While she was on her promenade Along the shores the shores of which she was fond That low hut on the sand. She felt compassion and great joy Upon beholding Heaven’s King — Boy. He was God, she was told The early sunlight of that pleasant day Seem to blink and blink with naughty joy The heavens too and all For ne’er has a king of that kingdom in the orient seas yielded to a stranger If not of his wife’s great wonder Over the tiny black child which filled her with such surrender By the shadow of the cross Young Humabon brave and strong King of Cebu, ancient city of the east, Came with a sudden glaze of glory in his face As the white shore stood ready to embrace the tender lashing waves Maddening quietness! On a mantle white laid upon a Persian rug Knelt the tawny haughty ruler Beside his graceful dark and lovely partner The sacred water dripped as the Castilian friar blessed them with a rod-like whip Juana is her new name, queen of Cebu As the dear father pours the holy water The slender liny queen raised her eyes heavenward with a pray’r God, Lord, bless all my people May faith continue Io grow upon our land Cntil there are no stars and moon in the sky I util the sun shall come back no more Io die Ry Veneranda Abiegana ^ke ^ciumpk of (ke Cross by Ricardo I. Patalinjay PR6LOGO Now we have Io pause for a while. Come, help me dig the loam of time The history of Humabon’s reign And Magellan’s arrival And let us trace back the germ Of our Christian ancestry nascent from lime primeval. CANC16N 1. And on the shining edge of day On the threshold of an island Peopled with pagans who walked like Brave brown gods The strangers landed. And the bold Captain spoke: “Lay down the sword! Come, plant the Cross! Let this be The living symbol of our achievement. Henceforth the world will know That we have conquered the Orient For Christ and for the Crown! Pigafetta, record this in your book. Write down in bold letters what we Have done today. Ah, the future Generation will ponder over this And will exclaim: “They are agents Of God. We have proof! This Cannot be destroyed by the elements. For in this Cross runs the living Blood of our living God!” And in the trembling flames of the tribal fire And in the grieving rhythm of the agonys The natives knelt and were unmired While they sang the cleansing songs! And the ancient dreams of the pagan gods The hallucination of primeval sods Grisly as nightmares; dark as nights Perished at the fool of the Cross! Thus they had come as saviours Their precious gift the light of faith They taught the hearts to love and give Instead of breeding fear and hale And the soul to seek purgation In eternity’s bold dimension! That was the genesis of our creed Eructed from the tattered womb of the years A crude pattern of odds and ends A concoction of faith and flames! Page Forty THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 ^ke jealous ^eacl by c. y. enge 3. The present self is very bold A being with a fearless shadow Its endless pursuit of a spiritual hold Rips through the gloom of the Immense structures of the years. Slices the subterranean tombs The cathedrals of the weeping bones And labelled the spectrum of sombre Still life Whispering in hushed refrain The evanescent dreams of the stubborn gods! Now we live with the movements Of eternity’s heavenly hymns Replete with thankful prayers To the Divine Shepherd of all times And like meek lambs we follow Him For He leads us to a pasture forever green. And this is but an obvious manifestation Of the triumph of the Holy Cross This is but an obvious manifestation Of the triumph of the Holy Cross! Q.00A ^Jciclay by ricardo de la i lva on the brink of despair my life hangs limp. alone, alone with the beating of my heart i bleed: loneliness gnaws at my mangled existence. frantic i search for god! for his face is hidden from me. to the man at my left i turn my head, “remember me,” my crushed lips utter in plea. he replies: “come, stay with me in paradise.” before the early courts did once proclaim across the calm without a single lane to give what chanced-upon a Christian name beyond the calm commerce was not profane: though it was without a heavenly name: the age was golden as the natural rains and lovely the living and the dying abed hills of rock and grass, surviving clinging as shell to pearl with love and hale clinging in jealous guard o’er heaven’s gate though heaven was where then a nameless state. the proud beneficiaries of that age who have brightened from the long bonded cage long since in curious alien wonder gazed at galleons emerging to solicit rage have learned from philip to see without haze. it could have been a day of great rejoice with less foreplay of many a great noise Io heal wounded continent beyond physical boundaries of Chinese land: such task began in fifteen-twentv-one the mustard did grow in fifteen-sixty-five four and forty years of struggle and flight till today from galilee seed to tree of enduring oak—foe to heresy — there is no nobler end to nobler intent an edenward quest without fiscal end. ged is unprecedented who is wise a shiver of wind, in various device of sea-life like fish, and land-wealth like rice a symbol in fifteen-sixty-eight of fruit no more in silence enjoyed when isabel—niece of datu tupaz with legaspi’s man sacrainented love enjoying earth in the domain of god the abolition of liinasawa where before the mass of valderama this and where more in ignorant content come in conscious strife sans conscious contempt who has ever hoped is hoped still for man neither he nor his laws could prevent the prime reason of thing, the evely plan nor cause such a jealous cause to be rent. commerce in god’s oriental marketplace beams busy with his unseen effectual face in ecumenic earthly phase it seems a realization of catholic dreams theirs and ours, all the lovely jealous pearls have seen, held the hour in unison — dear. March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Forty-one LIGHTNING FLASHED. Thunder roared. Cold wind blew mercilessly against everything that lay on its path. "Mother, isn’t the storm terrible, but it doesn’t destroy everything.” “Yes, Mother, it does. Tomorrow we would see trees uprooted, streets flood ed, and houses warped out of shape.” "That’s what you think child, and that’s what you see. But, listen to me. Are you not glad we strengthened the foundation of our house last week?” “Yes, Mother, I sure am.” “Why?” “Because today the storm cannot threaten to wash us away. We are safe. Our house won’t be destroyed.” “There, you see? The storm does not destroy everything. It cannot destroy that which is built on strong founda tion. And there’s one thing I want you to remember regarding storms, child. It is sure to pass away. It never remains forever. Tomorrow, there will be peace and quiet again.” The night was cold and dreary. Inky darkness enveloped the earth. The moon and the stars hid behind the clouds which were once white but which had now turned black and ugly. Palm trees bowed down to mighty wind. Rain poured down pitilessly on the sleeping world. But one soul couldn’t sleep. She stood by the window staring with un blinking eyes at the ferocious outburst of nature. A streak of lightning revealed the sad lines on her face. The face which had always masked her emotions now clearly revealed the anguish she had been secretly feeling. Th? heavy downpour sounded omin ous. Ordinarily, she would have been afraid. But now, she didn’t take notice of it. Other feelings crowded out fear from her heart — other feelings which she did not understand. She was angry, but she was angry with nobody. She hated, but she hated nobody. She wished she were dead, but she wanted to live. She wished nobody else existed in the world, but she longed for company. She did not understand herself. She couldn’t. She felt like crying, but she did not want to cry. She bit her lips until they bled. Her eyes were painful from hold ing back the tears that were threaten ing to fall. “No, Doreena. You should not cry. Doreena never cries even of the whole world seems to have gone against her,” she chided herself. Yes, she wanted to be brave even when she felt everything and everyone had taken up arms to fight against her. She wanted to face them all with a smile. There was the problems of money — a problem she considered so base yet so basic. The end of the month had come and gone but she did not receive her allowance. The crops back home had been destroyed and they weren’t rich to begin with. Then, there were Brenda and Sarah. They were her closest friends but they were now talking against her. She be came a scholar. They did not. The yel low dragon had eaten them up. They tried to belittle her achievements and to discredit her merits. She prayed for them. And there was Luisa, the only per son whom she trusted completely. She considered her the steering wheel of her life. She once felt she was driving around in circles and she had successfully guided her out of that maze. She was grateful to her. But now, she was slowly drifting away, afraid, perhaps, that she would become too dependent on her or that someday she would suddenly cause her destruction. These facts, grinding viciously in her mind like little cog-wheels, troubled her. A storm was raging within herself NILDA MILDRED M. CASTRO — a storm she had been desperately trying to hide; a storm which could be seen on her countenance only now as she stared at its counterpart in nature. A deafening roar of thunder ensued. It recalled to her mind the words her mother spoke fifteen years ago when she was only five. “The storm cannot destroy anything built on strong foundation.” Was her foundation strong? Didn’t the storms of life weaken it? Won’t the storms of life destroy her? She was proud of herself. She had gone on strong and sound in spite of the storms. “A storm always passes. It never remains forever. Tomorrow, there will be peace and quiet again.” That was consolation. Storms do not remain forever. They must pass away. When would the storm of her life pass away? That, she did not know. Doreena walked away from the win dow. At least, of one thing she is sure. The storm will pass away. Then, peace and quiet would come again. Page Forty-two THE CAROLINIAN March-April. 1965 CURTAINS for an INVADER by PATERNO F. TACLOB, JR. - or - What Happens To An Alien Who Tries To Fool Around Wi t h Natives The Time: D-Day-minus-two. The Place: Cebu. The Occasion: (No background Latin phrases, please) A banquet tendered by Rajah Charles (the former Humabon) in honor of Magellan and his officers. Ra jah Charles, Magellan, Simiut, Sibuaya, Sisakai and other local chieftains were seated around the head table, on which were placed roast pigs, broiled birds, fried chickens, salted fish and other de licacies. Magellan was plowing diligently through the dishes. He had not yet fully recovered from his three-month diet of rats and canvas with sawdust for des sert. The native chieftains didn’t just pick at their food, either. At length the meal was finished, punc tuated by burps, belches, groans and other sounds of gustatory satisfaction. The Cebu monarch, who had been watch ing Magellan, looked at the latter ad miringly and murmured to himself, “Half a pig, three chickens, five eggs and six bananas. That beats Lapulapu’s record by one chicken and two bananas.” Then he summoned the interpreter and once more they took up the current topic, viz: What to do with Lapulapu? The day before, Magellan had sent some of his men to bum the Mactan village of Bulaia and abduct its women. (It was his customary way of saying hello.) Now they were awaiting the answer to an ul timatum sent to Lapulapu after the Bulaia incident, an ultimatum ordering Lapulapu to cry uncle and pay tribute, or else. Presently a messenger arrived, bearing Lapulapu’s answer. It was written on a meter-long Bamboo stick. Rajah Charles grabbed the letter and began reading. The letter ran: Mactan, Two days after full moon Misguided One, I received your letter this morning, and had a hard time deciphering it, as usual. Your secretary should be arrested for such a terrible handwriting, you know. As regards your ultimatum, tell your white friend that I have been used to being on the receiving end of a tribute, and Pm not inclined to change ends right now. Some other time, perhaps. But thank him for the barbecue and kidnap ping session his men held at Bulaia yes terday. It solved our squatter problems there. I read your ultimatum to my men. They say it’s the funniest thing they’ve ever heard since Rajah Colambu’s funer al oration last year. As always, Lapulapu P.S. If you think you can beautify your face by having your name changed into Charles, you’re sadly mistaken. Same Rajah Charles broke the letter over the messenger’s head. Then he ripped out a fearful oath, filled with allusions to La pulapu’s doubtful ancestry, and related subjects. When the angry Rajah had calmed down, he told Magellan of Lapulapu’s refusal, but forgot to mention the other contents of the letter. Magellan sat thoughtfully for a few seconds (to get the desired dramatic ef fect), then stood up and addressed the nobles around him. “Gentlemen of these islands. Once more it is my distasteful duty to go forth and make a dirty rat see the light. I have had considerable experience in these matters, and this one ought to be a cinch. Have I ever told you that I did to the mutineers at Port March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Forty-three Saint Julian? No? Well, remind me to tell one of these days. At any rate, what I did to those mutineers will be a caress compared to what I’m going to do to Lapulapu.” “Will you roast him alive, perhaps?” asked a chieftain. “That is my usual procedure,” replied Magellen. “But we must not limit our style. You will soon find out, however, because tomorrow I’m going with my men to Mactan for a visit, the purpose of which will be to fertilize the island with Lapulapu’s corpse”. “Good! You can use my men,” said Rajah Charles. “I’ll supply the bancas,” said Simiut. “And I’ll take care of the prayers,” said Sibuaya. Magellan held up a restraining hand. “Your offers are very generous, my friends. But this is strictly a One-man show, see? In fighting me, Lapulapu is already at a disadvantage. To accept your assistance would be most unsport ing.” Meanwhile, back at the panting La pulapu was delivering a speech to the council. “...............and so the situation boils down to this: the whites will surely come, but we will have another chance to surrender when they do. If we kneel, it will be for the first time, and the ex perience should be very educational. But if we fight, we can’t expect outside help. Datu Zula, in spite of the seven slaves he owes me, says he remains neutral. That means he’ll wait until after the bat tie then side with the winner. The other chieftains have taken sides with the whites on the assumption that the im ported is better than the local. You know — colonial mentality and all that jazz. “I do not know what course you may take. But as for me, give me liberty, and down with western imperialism! "So here are the odds: Their god against seven of ours; and our one hundred ten warriors against I don’t know how many whites, plus possible reinforce ments from Humabon. Now then, those in favor of battle say ‘aye’. Those who oppose may signify by handing in their resignation.” The decision to fight was unanimous. “That’s fine. Now hear this: Women and children will hide in the hills. Old men will form the reserved group. The rest will stand and fight. High Priest! What do we usually offer the gods be fore a battle?” “Two chickens and half a pig for each of the seven gods” replied the High Priest. “Make it three chickens and one pig each. And throw in a deer for good measure. This battle is going to be a hot one,” said the Datu. “One thing I can say for those whites. They sure don’t spend much on sacrifices”. Then he dismissed the council and ordered the herald to summon his warriors. When the warriors had assembled, the Datu briefed them. "Noble warriors of Mactan, here’s the lowdown. We are going to fight the white men who came in the big ships. Whether the other chieftains will help them or not, we must be ready. I have just received a report from Secret Agent double-O-plok. He says that the whites use small sticks that make small noise and big sticks that make big noise. But don’t worry. Noise never killed anybody. Doub)e-O-plok further reports that the whites wear iron on their heads and bodies. That means we’ll have to hit their exposed parts. Sharpen your weapons. Th-: spears and arrows must b-: hardened over fire. Fall “And remember: Carry on the finest traditions of the Mactan Marines! That’s all.” In the island of Cebu, the invasion force was ready. Magellan’s officers had tried to dissuade him from attacking, remind ing him that their mission was to find a route to the Moluccas, not to make conquests. But Magellan’s mind was made up. He was the big Boss, wasn’t he? And was he going to let anybody defy him and get away with it ? No, by the Treaty of Tordesillas! No! And that, was that. At midnight the Spaniards set sail for Mactan. Rajah Charles and the other chieftains came along for the ride. They never missed a free show, those natives. Upon reaching the island, Magellan sent a converted Moslem trader to Lapu lapu with another ultimatum. (Magellan just loved ultimatums.) “This is your last chance, Datu!” said the trader. “For Pete’s sake, surrender!” “Oh yeah?” said Lapulapu. ‘So I am going to take orders from a bunch of tourists, am 1? Hah! You’re nuts!” “Think again, Datu. When you defy Magellan you are inviting trouble, court ing disaster, and flirting with catas trophe”. “Drop dead,” said Lapulapu. “It’s war, then.” “You’re dam right it’s war,” said the Datu. “Magellan will attack at daybreak,” the trader said. “Well then, tell him to come on time. I’m a busy man,” said Lapulapu. When morning came, it was the Mac tan warriors who attacked. The Datu had decided that if any attacking wap to be done on his island, he, Lapulapu, will be the one to do it. And so the forces clashed. The Spaniards shouted, “Viva Espana!!” The natives screamed, “Wa-a-a-a-h! Our king can lick your king!!” The rest is history. END OF STORY (Author’s note: The id,ea for this story was suggested by: Antonio M. Molina: “The Philippines through the Centuries)” Page Forty-four THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 The USC Technological Center... THE USC TECHNOLOGICAL CENTER which is located about two kilometers north of the air field in Lahug is nearing its com pletion. Father Van Engelen dis closed that by June 1965, the up per three years of Engineering will be moved to that beautiful 5-story building. The new building for the Col lege of Engineering and Architec ture is built on a property of about one hundred hectares in Talamban with healthy surroundings which will enhance the process of learn ing. It is designed along modern lines; equipped with the latest machinery; provided with an airconditioned auditorium which can accommodate 250 persons. It has a conference room for the staff, a study hall for the students, big of fices, bigger classrooms and airy laboratories. The USC Technological Center is not only located at a site con sidered ideal for school purposes but also it is right in line with the residential development of Cebu City. Through the efforts of the SVD Fathers, the donation of the Chem ical Pilot of San Carlos by the University of San Carlos by the West German Government to the Republic of the Philippines was made possible. Its installation is now finished and it is in full oper ation. Its establishment is beneficial for the University in particular and to the country in general. It is a known fact that one of the major problems of this country today is its unsound economy. San Basil Is Economic ploqnesi Carlos will share the arduous task of achieving economic stability. The primary purpose of the pi lot plant is to conduct research on the various uses of coconut, from the meat to the husk in order to further the growth of the copra industry of this country. Copra, as we know, is our chief product and it is the second biggest dollarearning export abroad. Most Fili pinos depend on copra for their livelihood, education for their children, and even comforts in life. Hence, the success of this research may spell progress to the industry. The other grant from abroad that San Carlos received was for the College of Engineering which was administered by the organiza tion called MISEREOR by the Ger man Government, the purpose of which is to help projects anywhere in the world that can effectively contribute to the technical develop ment of underdeveloped countries like the Philippines. The New USC Technological Center in Talamban is now the fruit of that grant. The Technological Center is not only the work of one man for the policy of a university like San Carlos, is formulated by a group of men entrusted to do such func tion. While it is a fact that the president of a university makes the final decision on any of its project, it is also true that he is ably as sisted by his cabinet men or departby ANACLETO G. GUANZON ment heads. Rev. Fr. Philip van Engelen, SVD, the regent of the College of Engineering and Architecture did his best in the fulfillment of this project. Being the department head of Engineering, he played an important role in its planning and implementation. The construction of the Tech nological Center was planned by members of the USC faculty, Ar chitects Santos Alfon, Cristobal Espina and with the structural su pervision of Engineer Jose A. Rodriguez, the dean of the College of Engineering and Architecture. Today, there is a national ef fort, both government and private, to industrialize the country but the implementation is rather slow due to the shortage of properly train ed technicians and competent en gineers. Our young engineering graduates often experience that their knowledge and training are insufficient and they are unable to cope with the practical problems in the field. The new USC Technological Center will meet this challenge by introducing a program that will answer the call for engineers that the country so badly needs. More emphasis is placed on an efficient engineering education and proper use of time. Not only the govern ment-prescribed courses will be of fered but also additional ones which (Continued, on pape 5S) March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Forty-five THE ECONOMIC CONDITION of our country today is one which might be called an irony. Almost everything we need are imported. Materials and tools for our local production, transportation equip ment, home appliances, and even the most essential commodities in our life, such as rice is imported. When can we attain self-sufficiency in our economic needs? It is a vi cious prodigality of the gifts which God has given us in the form of wealth in natural resources. It seems that there is a complete dis regard of our potentiality in emer ging as an industrial giant among i he world’s family of nations. Why haven’t we Filipinos achieved pro minence which the Japanese or the Dutch has done in the field of in dustry, when in fact their country has only a fraction of our mineral wealth ? This might be because the early years of our nation were pre occupied with the problems of forg ing a stable foundation of our liber ties. Now, when we are more or less assured of our democratic stabili ty, is the time to look over the hor izons for prospects of alleviating our poverty which has already be come our wayoff life. And this can only be done by industrialization of our country. President Macapa gal in his recent state of the nation address to Congress strongly em phasized that only through indus trialization can national progress be effected. For it has been the sign of our age that industrial act ivity is the gauge of the people’s living condition and consequently the state. For an eventual extensive devel opment of our industries, another inevitable problems will arise. There will be a great need for men with specialized training to run intricate machines and conduct the various manufacturing processes. So it is necessary for us to ponder a bit on this serious problem of how ready are we to meet the demands for technical manpower. For a noncritical observation, it seems that our production of technical men, particularly engineers is at a fast rate. From a report made by the Social Sciences and Humanities Branch of the National Science Development Board, figures were available, that of the 371 educa tional institutions (collegiate level) throughout the country, there are approximately 13,000 annual gra duates of the engineering course. These results may make us breath contentedly, but can we depend on National Progress And Our Technical Manpower Education by cArsenio "U. tfMesiona -e.e.-iv their quality? Unfortunately, the answer is in the negative. What we want is continuous quality of the quantity, for excellence is the byword of every man enmeshed in very highly technological under taking. Looking deeper into the capabilities of these graduates, we will find that most of them are substandard to be classified as gen uine engineers. Take for example the particular case of 300 applicant engineers of a reputable oil firm in the Philippines. After the usual processing only 30 were considered as real engineers based on average European standards. If this will be the trend, then of the thousands that obtain a degree of any engieering course, onlj’ 10 percent has the blessings of falling within the category of real engineers. This of course is not intended to discre dit the prestige and glamour of the engineering profession, but to make us see the demerits of our present system thereby justifying us for a revolution in the whole structure of our technological edu cation. Since universities and colleges are the arsenals of trained man power, then the quality of our tech nical pool of manpower is greatly determined by the graduates these institutions turn out. To prevent an eventual mass production of half-baked technical men, a parti cular legislation, Republic Act 2067 was passed in 1957 for the purpose of strengthening the educational system of the country so the same will provide a steady source of competent scientific and technolo gical manpower. The engineering courses, in spite of the professionalized curriculum, have only afforded a superficial training which is very much inade quate to meet the needs of a prac tical man in technical fields. Some educational institutions, sensing their duty for training personnel who can be made available to our expanding needs as a developing nation, conducted research on what ills plague the present system. The Ateneo Centennial Commis sion in its report on Science Edu cation listed down some of the specific problems and suggestions as quoted below. 1. The teachers — In order to attract more competent teachers into our schools, incentives should be offered in the form of higher pay, bonuses, fellowships and schol arships. 2. Selective admission — To in sure that those students who will undergo advanced training in science and technology will be ca pable of carrying on the work and will profit from it, a system of se lective admission into courses in science and technology should be adopted. 3. Curriculum — Steps should be taken to revise curricula and eliminate overlapping and less es sential subjects that can be learn ed easily by the students alone. Curriculum-making by legislation should be stopped or avoided. It is a highly technical job which should be handled by specialists. 4. Board examinations — The emphasis on the passing of govern ment Board examinations has harmful effects on the student. He devotes more attention to Board subjects and less to non-Board subjects which in actual practice could be just as useful if not more to his professional career. 5. Creating science atmosphere — To create a better atmosphere for science, it is suggested that museums of science and technology and science societies are to be es tablished. Page Forty-Six THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 6. Spoon-feeding — Too much spoon-feeding is evident in our schools and universities. Students show aversion to subjects or me thods of instruction which require thinking. More attention on train ing how to think should be given and the greater use of the library should be encouraged to develop the habit of independent study. 7. Teachers’ and students’ load — More emphasis on quality than quantity should be exercised; on what the diploma stands for than on the diploma proper. A passion for thoroughness and hard work should be inculcated in the stu dents. Similarly, professors should not be overloaded, but be allowed time to improve themselves profes sionally and meet students for much-needed consultations. 8. Size of class — The size of classes, especially in laboratory courses, should be kept as small as possible. 9. Student apprenticeship — Students in engineering and other course preparing for a scientific profession should be encouraged to take apprenticeship in some indus tries or business firms. The mix ing of work and study is a whole some arrangement for a growing mind. 10. Equipment and facilities — Since the laboratory place an indis pensable role in technological edu cation, it should be adequately equipped with materials and equip ments for individual, group and class experiments. But most of the supplies have to be imported, so the government should help decrease the cost and difficulty of procurthem by minimizing if not abolish ing red tape and import taxes on them. Inspired with the unselfish ef forts of the private sector of edu cation for the upliftment of our educational system, the Board of National Education created a Re vamp Committee with Secretary of Education Alejandro R. Roces and the then Undersecretary Mi guel B. Gaffud as Co-chairman to look over our present system. With the realization of this projected educational revolution, we hope our country’s need for scientist engineers who are liberally edu cated and who can assume without further effort the managerial as pects of industry will thus be met more effectively. # THE SANTO NINO OF CEBU (Continued tury before the formal introduc tion of Christianity during the suc cessful colonization of the islands by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. Hardly realizing its true signifi cance, the early Cebuanos had held the image in great reverence, peti tioning it in all their necessities, and offering sacrifices to the San to Nino in the manner of their other idols. The Santo Nino be came, then as now, the symbol of deliverance in times of drought, famine and plague, and protector in times of fire and other dangers, which in those early days were ma nifested in “Moro” attacks. After the Spaniards came, the cult of the Santo Nino spread to the rest of the islands where important se condary centers were set up in the islands of Luzon (the southern part) and Panay. In Panay the early parishes es tablished by the Augustinians where, up to this day the devotion to the Santo Nino is well establish ed, were in Aklan, Banga and Ibajay. Aklan, which is now a sepa rate province, incorporates the municipalities of Banga and Ibajay, and in addition, three other centers of Santo Nino devotion: the proTHE GLASS MENAGERIE (Continued from page 26) and promotion staff are the following: Resi) Mojares, executive chairman; Leandro Quintana, production manager; Eddie Yap, and Vic Cui, stage managers; Tony Buagas Jr. Manny Manlegro, Nes tor Magan, Frank Coliflores, Edgar Saso, Manuel Amora and the Engineering Deltans, stage crew; Vic Cui, light; Ed gar Gica, sound; the Deltans and the USC-SCCAC Chapter, property; Fely Lucas, make-up; Beth Hermosfsima, costumes: Ellen Viloria, hair-do; Jennie Kimseng, finance; M. Satorre, Jr., pro gram, sales, publicity; Vivien Alix, Rise Faith Espina, reception; Sally Go, cock tails; Fotorama, Inc., photography and Rev. Fr. John Vogelgesang, S.V.D., ad viser. Obviously, as in any play or story, we must end. Tennessee Williams sleeps, but his works tremble all over the world like a burning candle stirred by the wind. Professor Fitch would soon leave us and leave for the United States. Some mem bers of the Cast and of the production staff must have graduated and left the front page 22) vincial capital of Kalibo and the municipalities of Makato and Altavas. An indigenous religious prac tice connected with the devotion to the Santo Nino of Cebu, is tak ing the Santo Nino in fluvial pro cession. This is still very much in evidence in Aklan and the prac tice is called “Pasalom.” For that matter, the fluvial procession is evident throughout those other areas where the Santo Nino devo tion is strong among the people. In the Visayas, one other area which merits mention is the island of Leyte, especially the City of Tacloban. In Manila, aside from the city proper, the districts with a flour ishing devotion to the Santo Nino are Pandacan, Tondo and Makati. Immediate surrounding provinces with a strong devotion to the Santo Nino are Bulacan and Cavite. Highly responsible for the propa gation of this devotion in the abovementioned areas, were, no doubt, the pioneer Augustinian mission aries who belonged to the Province of Santisimo Nombre de Jesus. From these early centers the devo tion was, in turn, spread through out the rest of the islands. J university by now. But the memory ling ers, one turbulent November week of last year cries out the unfulfilled echoe of Williams, in agony: ‘‘I didn’t go to the moon. I went much farther. For time is the longest distance between two places.... I travelled around a great deal. The cities swept about me like dead leaves, leaves that were bright ly colored but torn away from the branches. I would have stopped, but I was pursued by something. It always came upon me unaware, taking me alto gether by surprise. Perhaps it was a familiar bit of music. Perhaps it was only a piece of transparent glass... Oh, Laura, Laura, I tried to leave you be hind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be! I reached for a cigarette, I cross the street, I run into a movie or a bar. I buy a drink, I speak to the near est stranger — anything that can blow your candles out — for nowadays the world is lit by lightning. Blow out your candles, Laura.... And so — goodbye!!” March-April, 1965 Page Forty-Seven MARZO- ABRIL • 1965 • ANO 28 NO. 4 ^eccion CAST La Estrella Sale De Viaje La estrella sale <le viaje por sus fragantes domiiiios. Avcs y flores le dicen su lenguaje de suspiros, insinuandose ell su pecho con suave calor de nido. Eli sus parques duerme un Iago su sueiio de mal hechizo: obra de un brujo bellaco, quc por un ligero olvido, se vino de pretendiente con su barbaza de siglos. La estrella piensa quo al Iago se le alzara el maleficio, dando a sus aguas dormidas inoluscos y pececillos. La estrella sale de pesca ca mi no del mar bravio. Ella Io inira con miedo. El temblando, al advertirlo. va y se recuesta a sus plantas coino un manso falderillo. La estrella lleva una caiia delgada como un suspiro, y un anzuelo de juguete de un hilo de luz prendido. Como no trae carnada de miedo a los gusanillos, — con solo ver una oruga le da un desmayo, de fijo — con rizo de su pelo ata al anzuelo su anillo, y lo abandona a las aguas quc se tinen de oro fino. De pronto a la estrella niiia se le suspende el respiro, al sentir en su aparejo como un temblor de mordisco. Entre alarmada y curiosa piensa recoger el hilo ... En eso emerge del agua, — toda temblor y quejidos — una fragil sirenilla, el dedo en sangre tenido. El mar, el inmenso mar se desmayo con un grito. La estrella niiia, a su vez, palidccid como un lirio, pero sin perder el tiempo en ayes de compromiso, atrajo a la sirenilia, la acosto en su seno tibio, y en dos chupadas curolc el indice dolorido. Ya esta la estrella de vuelta en sus risuenas campinas; por eminencias y valles cascabelea su risa. Todo el reino dice el gozo del Iago vuelto a la vida: en sus cristales se baiia, cantando, la sirenilia. — CLEMENTE RUPPEL. S.V.D. Editorial “Hace Ya Cuatro Centurias” EL COMIENZO de la cristianizacion de las Filipinas. hace cuatro centurias, dio un rumbo totalmente nuevo a la historia de nuestro pais. Por la logica de persuasion, nuestros antepasados abandonaron sus dioses y sus idolos y abrazaron de lleno la Fe catolica que ahora estamos disfruntando. Debido, acaso, a la necesaria presion y a otros medios de convencimiento, los diminutos estados independientes que denominamos barangay fueron aglutinandose en una nueva unidad geo-politica de la cual emergio gradualmente la nacion filipina. Ayudado, en parte, por los heroicos esfuerzos de los misioneros, nuestro pueblo fue interiorizandose en la nueva cultura occidental, por entonces ya sumergida en las artes y ciencias, en sistemas gubernamentales, y en el derecho. Al amparo de esta cul ture, felizmente amalgamada con la nuestra, nacieron y se formaron nuestros mas destacados heroes y lideres nacionales que mas adelante forjarian la obra rectora del drama de nuestra independencia. El Cristianismo, por tanto, no solo nos deparo nuestra Fe cato lica e hizo de nosotros un pueblo escogido; no solo aglutino a nuestro pueblo y lo preparo, directa o indirectamente, para su eventual estructura nacional, sino que nos brindo su cultura, y, de esta suerte, enriquecio e incremento nuestra propia cultura indigena. Teniendo presentes estos magnos beneficios, la celebracion del Cuarto Centenario de la Cristianizacion de las Filipinas ha de constituir un motivo de grandisimo regocijo espiritual, ha de ser un dia de profundos sentimientos de gratitud para con Dios quien en sus inescrutables designios nos ha transformado en su pueblo escogido para que nosotros, a la vez, fuesemos portadores de su divino mensaje en este rincon del globo. Demostremosle, pues, nuestro agradecimiento sincero y participemos activamente en todas las actividades para que estas resulten un verdadero exito espiritual. Page Forty-eight THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 E LL AN A EN RESUMIDAS CUENTAS... por LUIS E. SCHONFELD, S.V.D. “TODO CRISTIANO que es consciente del verdadero valor de su Fe cristiana tendra que reconocer que el acontecimiento mas grande y de mas evergadura en nuestra historia es la evangelizacion de nuestro pueblo, cuando nos ‘convertimos a Dios, abandonando los idolos, para servir al Dios vivo y verdadero’ (1 Thes. 1, 9). ‘Sea, pues, Dios loado por su don inefable' (2 Cor. 9, 15). Era nuestra conversion al Cristianismo la que nos incorporo a la familia de las naciories civilizadas” (Pastoral del Episcopado del 2 de febrero de 1964). Nos hallainos a unos escasos dias de un hecho historico que tiene en pie a toda la nacion, o sea, la celebracion del Cuarto Centenario de la Cristianizacion de Filipinas. Esta celebracion asume proporciones y contornos nacionales, pero el centro de las festividades conmemorativas sera la Ciudad de Cebu, donde los misioneros espanoles iniciaron su cometido apostolico, hace ya cuatro centurias. Para dar a estas festividades del centenario el realce que la ocasion demanda, el Episcopado Catolico de Fili pinas ha decidido llevar a cabo las siguientes actividades: 1. Reinitir al Padre Santo una peticion que se digne: a) declarar el ano 1965 Ano de Jubileo para Filipinas; asi, pues, se convertira en ano de accion de gracias y de bendiciones especiales; b) conferir el titulo de Basilica Ho nor al santuario del Seiior Santo Nino de Cebu; c) conceder el privilegio de una Co ronation Canonica a la imagen del Senor Santo Nino de Cebu, imagen tan intimamente asociada con los primeros esfuerzo misioneros de los PP. Agustinos en estas islas. 2. Celebrar en la Ciudad de Cebu, la cuna del Cristianismo en Filipinas, el Terccr Congreso Eucaristico National, del 28 de abril al 2 de mayo, 1965. 3. Bendecir la piedra fundamental de un seminario de la Sociedad de Misiones Extranjeras de Filipinas, una congregacion misional que la Jerarquia convino en establecer en este pais. La Iglesia Catolica ha ido andando ya un luengo camino desde que los pri meros misioneros introdujeron el Cris tianismo en este archipielago en 1565. Ha sido una cruzada prenada de indecibles sacrificios y pletorica de contrariedades e inconvenientes. No obstante, esa cruzada ha sido una gesta maravillosa. Si echamos una mirada sob re los cuatrocientos anos, nos daremos cuenta cabal de que aun antes de terminal- el siglo XVI, los celosos misioneros ya habian penetrado en lugares tan remotos como lo son la region de Ilocos, Abra, Cagayan, Pangasinan y la region de Bicol. No hagamos mention de las provincias inmediatamente vecinas o mas cercanas a Cebu, como Negros, Bohol, Leyte, Panay y la isla de Mindanao. Vemos, pues, que ya a mediados del siglo XVII, los misioneros de las distintas Ordenes religiosas se haKan esparcido por todas las islas. Esto honra el verdadero espiritu misional y evangelico que los animaba para traer al pueblo de este religiosamente fertil suelo al rebaiio de Cristo. Los resultados positivos de su celo mi sional lo prueba el hecho de que en 1579 el Sumo Pontifice erigio la diocesis de Manila como sufraganea de Mexico. En 1595 fueron erigidas tres nuevas diocesis: Nueva Segovia, Nueva Caceres y Cebu ■nientras que la diocesis de Manila fue elevada a archidiocesis. A mcdida que la Fe catolica se extendiera mas y mas por todo el archi pielago, se erigieron mas y mas diocesis y distritos eclesiasticos. Con la erec tion de nuevas diocesis, se suscitaron tambien mas y mas vocacioncs para el sacerdocio. Los misioneros espanoles no solo levantaron iglesias sino tambien construyeron escuelas, hospitales y orfanatos. No solo ensefiaron la religion al pueblo sino tambien introdujeron la ci vilization occidental. Tambien instruyeron a los nativos en las ciencias de la horticultura, agricultura y la cria de animales. Dice el historiador Retana: ‘‘Dondequiera los frailes fueron los tutores del pueblo, frecuentemente mczclaron con sus sermones ensenanzas utiles acerca de la agricultura como asimismo acerca de quchacercs industriales y comerdales.” Asevera, por su parte, Mons. Jose Ma. Cuenco, arzobispo de Jaro: “Sentimosnos obligados a rcndir nuestra sin(Continua en la pag. 51) March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Forty-Nine Rompieiulo Lanzas Por El Idioma Espaiiol Por PEDRO KRANEWITTER, S.V.D. CON CUANTO acierto y macstria des cribe el mago de la lira, el gran rate filipino, Fernando Maria Guerrero, las excelencias de la lengua espanol, cuando en su inspiradisima poesia “A HISPANIA” dice: ;Oh dulce lengua, que irradias tu latina irisacion y encierras la amplia eufonia de toda una selva en flor, pues eres susurro de agua, gorjeo de ave, cancion de brisa leve en las hojas en maiianitas de sol...! Hubo una epoca en la historia en que con toda razon podia decirse que el sol nunca se ponia en el vasto dominio es panol; pero, en nuestros tiempos, a la hidalga y gloriosa Espana ha quedado reducida a la peninsula iberica, las islas Baleares y Canarias y a unas cuantas posesiones en el continente africano. Sus hijas, una tras otra, despues de haber llegado a mayor edad, resolvieron emanciparse y regir sus propios destinos, como en efecto lo hicieron. Pero, a pesar de todo esto, podemos afirmar y probar que aun en nuestros dias el so) no se pone en el vasto dominio espanol, a saber: en el dominio espiritual, en el dominio del idioma espanol. Ahi estan las numerosas y jovenes republicas hispano-americanas que, al separarse definitivamente de Espana, mantuvieron sin embargo su lengua, su cultura y su re ligion, de manera que el idioma oficial de todos aquellos paises es el espanol. Efectivamente, desde el estrecho de Ma gallanes, o mejor dicho desde el Cabo de Hornos hasta el Golfo de California, desde el Oceano Atlantico hasta el Pa cifico; en las fertiles y dilatadas pampas de la Argentina como en las extensas mesetas de Bolivia, en las ricas minas del Peru como en los inmensos llanos de Venezuela resuena el dulce y sonoro idioma espanol. Pero ya es hora que nos despidamos de los paises hispano-americanos y que surquemos las encrespadas olas del Oclano Pacifico para desembarcar en las hermosas y pintarescas playas de Filipinas, Los espanoles al venir a estas Islas nos trajeron a la par de su reli gion y cultura tambien su bellisimo idioma, la lengua espanola. Creemos, por tanto, opportuno reproducir en nuestras pdginas lo que piensa de este idioma el buen P. Pedro que otra fuera profesor de esta Universidad. baluarte del idioma espaiiol en el Oriente y eslabon muy importante en la aurea cadena espanola que circunda el globo terraqueo. Un testimonio elocuentisimo del arraigo y de la vitalidad de la len gua espanola en estas islas mimadas por la Naturaleza, lo constituye aquella pleMlguel de Cervantes Saavedra yade de ilustres literatos filipinos que pueden parangonarse con los mejores escritores hispano-americanos y espanoles. Y como prueba de mi aserto, ahi es tan Fernando Maria Guerrero, Cecilio Apostol, Manuel Bernabe y Claro Recto para senalar solamente unos cuantos; ahi esta, sobre todo, el gran heroe nacional, el Dr. Josd Rizal, cuyas poesias tituladas “MI RETIRO” y "ULTIMO ADI6S” son verdaderas joyas literarias. Segun el libro “LANGUAGE FOR EVERYBODY” del Dr. Maria Pei, profesor de la Columbia University, los idiomas principals o mas hablados del mundo se distribuyen como sigue: 1. Chino.......... .......... 500,000,000 2. Ingles............ .......... 250,000,000 3. Indostani (?) .......... 160,000,000 4. Ruso.............. .......... 150,000,000 5. Espanol ........ .......... 120,000,000 6. Aleman .................... 100,000,000 7. Japones ........ .......... 100,000,000 8. Frances ........ .......... 80,000,000 9. Indonesio.................. 80,000,000 10. Portugues ... .......... 60,000,000 Es cierto que varios de los idiomas mundiales mencionados no forman una lengua uniforme, sino que se dividen en varios grupos o dialectos como, por ejemplo, el chino. Ahora bien, considerando la situacidn politica y geografica de los paises donde se habla el espanol, podemos decir con toda seguridad que es uno de los idiomas de mas porvenir entre las Hamadas lenguas mundiales. Jovenes filipinos: si quereis, pues, saborear las obras literarias de vuestros ilustres escritores en lengua espanola, estudiad la sonora lengua cervantina; si quereis inspiraros en las grandes ensenanzas de patriotismo y valor civico de Rizal, Mabini, Lopez Jaena, etc....: dedicaos al estudio de la lengua espaiiola; si quereis que nunca jamas se rompan los lazos que, juntamente con los pueblos hispano-americanos, os unen a Espana, que os leg6 su religion y cultura, consagraos al estudio del espanol; si quereis fomentar relaciones culturales y comerciales con las numerosas y jovenes (Continue en la pag. 51) Page Fifty THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 CVCNTO El Retorno Por MARIA PAZ OQUINENA Secretarial II En Resumidas Cuentas... (Continuation de la pag. 49) cera gratitud a Espaila catdlica, y muy especialmente a sus Ordenes religiosas. De hecho fueron ellas los factores de nuestra civilizacidn filipina, y fueron ellas las que realmente asentaron los fundamentos de nuestra nacionalidad filipina.” REBECA miraba a la casa y le parecia extrano como la habian llamado desde esta casa, m&s o menos sencilia, ya que todos sus clientes eran gente adinerada. Pero cuando la sirviente le abrid la puerta, se dio cuenta de que la casa era rica y amueblada con gusto excelente. Habia,cuadros de buenas firmas en casi todas las paredes, no amontonados de cualquiera forma, sin ton ni son, sino colocados en su sitio exacto. Ella se sentfa admirada. —tViene Vd. de L6pez y Cia? — le preguntd la sirviente. —Si; y you soy Rebeca Tucumfin. —Pase, por favor; le mostrard su trabajo. Se trata de un retrato. —Qud desperfectos tiene? —Yo no lo he visto; pero creo que le cayeron encima unas manchas. Seguramente habri que raspar partes y pintarlo de nuevo. Eso lo decidiri Vd. Le abrid la puerta de una habitacidn. Esta se vio inundada de luz que penetraba profusamente por una ventana enorme. En el suelo, apoyado contra la pa red, habia un gran cuadro. —Este es, — di jo la sirviente; — Pida lo que necesite; yo estard en la otra habitacidn. —Gracias — respondid ella; — llevo todo lo necesario en este maletin. Me pondrd a trabajar en seguida. La sirviente la dejd sola y Rebeca en seguida prepard sus utensilios. Un trabajo agradable, ciertamente; pero fatigoso. Siempre lo mismo; horas y sentada ante pinturas, a veces sin valor alguno, pero que sus dueiios se empenaban en restaurar. Se puso a retocar el cuadro con la cabeza hundida y los ojos semicerrados, pues lo conocia de memoria. Cada matiz de luz, cada pincelada eran familiares para ella. Perdid la nocidn del tiempo y se sumid en su propio dolor, como si aquello no fuese realidad sino un sueho. Las ldgrimas le mojaban el rostro y llegd un momento en que tuvo que detenerse — y lanzd un sollozo. Fue entonces cuando oyd la voz. — iAnorando? Se volvid poco a poco sabiendo a quien iba a encontrar. Y la vio, en efecto. detras de si, tan buena como habia sido siempre, quiza mds avejentada, pero con aquella sonrisa que muchas veces le ha bia consolado. Los ojos de la anciana senora tambidn estaban nublados. — Estabas mirando el retrato que me hiciste, dijo la anciana con voz baja y tensa.—iQue estabas rememorando, Re beca ? i Por que Horas ? — Recordaba aquella tarde — susurrd — en que salt de tu casa para irme con Antonio. Tu no querfas que yo me casasecon el, porque decias que solo estaba detrds de mi dinero. Yo no quise creerlo; tapaba mis oidos cuando me lo decias, Me fui con 61 sin tu consentimiento. Des puds de casamos, Antonio gastd todo el dinero que heredd de mis padres y luego me dejd plantada. Pero, ipor qud hablamos de eso? Todo parece ya tan lejano. Han transcurrido siete aiios. Solo lo recordaba como una cosa del pasado, tia Rosario. Mird fijamente ala anciana y preguntd: — 4L0 has hecho a propdsito? iSabias al hacer el encargo, que iba a ser yo la que vendria a restaurar el cuadro ? — No sabia quidn iba a venir, Rebeca. Simplemente queria que este cuadro estuviera en condiciones para conservarlo toda la vida. Su voz se hizo ronca y, sin embargo, para Rebeca le sond con una extraiia suavidad. — Te das cuenta como nada ha cambiado. No te guardo rencor por que me hiciste. Tu estds llorando, y esas ldgrimas me lo dicen todo. iQuieres volver a vivir conmigo, Rebeca? Rebeca dijo que si, sin pronunciar palabra. En seguida se levantd y muy agradecida abrazd a su querida tia. De que la Cristianizacidn de Filipi nas fue en todo sentido obra de la gracia divina lo evidencian las siguientes estatisticas (de 1964): a) POBLACION: Habitantes ................... 28,866,476 Catdlicos (82%) ......... 23,537,554 No-catolicos (18%) . .. 5,328,922 b) JERARQUIA: Archidiocesis ..................... 8 Didcesis............................... 19 Prelaturas Nullfus ........... 11 Vicariatos Apostdlicos ... 4 Parroquias ......................... 1.581 Sacerdotes ....................... 4,175 Diocesanos..................... 1,935 Regulares ..................... 2,240 Religiosos ........................... 8,406 Varones ......................... 3,118 Mujeres .......................... 5,288 c) INSTITUCIONES: Seminarios ......................... 44 Mayores......................... 14 Menores ....................... 30 Seminaristas: Mayores......................... 1,014 Menores ....................... 2,785 Escuelas catdlicas............. 1,442 Alumnos............................... 604,037 Y asi concluimos con una cita de la Pastoral de los Obispos: “Realmente, la Divina Providencia ha escogido nues tro pais para que fuera el "faro del catolicismo” en el Oriente, como dijera Juan XXIII (Discurso al Presidente Macapagal). Bien podemos aplicar a nuestro pueblo las palabras que el Senor digiera a los Israelitas: “Fijard mi Taberndculo en medio de vosotros y no os desechard mi alma. Andard entre vo sotros y serd vuestro Dios, y vosotros serdis el pueblo mio" (Levitico 26, 11-12). Rompiendo Lanzas . • • (Continuacidn de la pag. 50) republicas hispano-americanas, cultivad el idioma espanol, porque su cultivo os hermanara mas con todas aquellas re publicas donde otrora ondeaba el pabe116n espanol. Si, adem&s del ingles, quer&s aprender otra lengua mundial de gran porvenir, aprended la lengua espanola. March-April, 1965. THE-CAROLINIAN Page-Fifty-one PANGULONG TUDLING Ang Paghahanap PRECIOSA ANDAGAN. Patnugot MAY IBA'T IBANG PANINIWALA TUNGKOL SA DIYOS. Nagkakaiba ang paniniwala tungkol sa Hanyang katauhan, kapangyarihan, pagkakawili o hindi pagkakawili sa mga nilikha at kahit ang kanyang pag-iiral ay nagkakaroon ng iba'tibang kulay ng paniniwala. Ang mga paniniwalang ito'y inilalahad sa mga aklat na nalimbag, ng mga pantas at pilosopo at sa mga magkakaibang paniniwala na rin ng mga lahi sa buong sandaigdigan. Ang magkakaibang paniniwala tungkol sa Panginoon ay siyang naghahati sa mga taong namumuhay sa mundong ito. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit hindi magkakalapit ang kanilang kalooban at nagkakaroon ng hidwaan ng mga diwa. Inaasam-asam ng iba na ang Panginoon ay magbibigay ng katiwasaya't kapayapaan sa buong sansinukob ngunit may sumasalungat pa rin sa pagsasabing ang Diyos ay naghahasik ng lagim at poot. Bakit pa magkakaroon tayo ng pagkakagulong ito? Bakit hindi natin matugunan ng katiwasaya't kapayapaan ang pagiging di-mapalagay ng sangkatauhan gayong tayong mga nilikha ay patuloy na patuloy sa pag-unlad at pagkakaroon ng makabagong pag-iisip? Maaring masabi noting ang dahilan ng ating pagkakagulo at ng hindi na tin mapalagay ay ang hindi pagbibigay ng Diyos ng kapayapaan nang hayagan o tahasan. Sinabi ng makatang si George Herbert, sa kanyang tulang, "The Pul ley" na ibinibigay raw ng Diyos ang lahat na handog maliban sa pamamahinga (rest). Kung ibibigay ng Diyos ang lahat ng kanyang handog malamang na ang mga handog na ito ang sasambahin ng mga nilikha at tuloy makalimutan na Siya. Ang bagay na hindi ipinagkakaloob Niya sa atin ay nagsisilbing tulay upang ang lahat ng mga tao'y makararating sa kanyang paanan. Ito ang magiging da hilan kung bakit sa tuwituwina'y hahanapin natin ang Diyos. Paniniwalaan ba natin ang kasabihang ang lahat ng makikita o magagamitan ng ating pandama ay siya lamang paniniwalaan at tuloy sasabihing bakit pa hahanapin ang Diyos gayong nabatid nang hindi Siya makita? Kung naniniwala tayong hindi natin matatagpuan ang Diyos sapagkat hindi Siya natin mahipo, masasalat, makikita, maririnig, maaamoy at malalasahan, hindi rin natin dapat paniniwalaan ang mga salitang pag-ibig, kadakilaan at katotohanan. Ang mga salitang ito'y di natin makikita ni mahihipo o sa ibang pagkakasabi'y hindi natin magagamitan ng pandama kaya hindi dapat paniniwalaan. Ang mga pagpapakita o pagpapamalas lamang nila ang ating madarama. Ang Diyos ay pag-ibig at dahil sa pag-ibig Niya sa atin Siya'y nagpapakasakit. Ang pag-ibig ay tambingan; dalawang puso at katauhan ang nasasangkot. Ang pag-ibig ay dapat tugunin ng kapwa pag-ibig upang maging makahulugan. Makatuwiran bang ang Diyos lamang ang magbibigay ng pag-ibig at tayo't mananatiling tahimik at walang laban? Maaaring tanungin natin ang ating sarili kung bakit pa Siya nagpapakasakit gayong maiibig naman Niya tayo nang hindi kailangang magpapakasakit? Ang tugon ay sapagkat ang pag-ibig ay walang kahulugan, walang bisa at hungkag kung walang pagpapakasalat at ang pagpapakasakit ay wala ring kabuluhan kung ito'y hindi ginagawa para sa isang iniibig. Pagmumuni-munihin nga natin ang mga bagay na ito ay harinawang sa ating paghahanap ay matatagpuan natin ang Diyos. Page Fifty.two THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 Ang Pananampalataya Noong unang panahon, nang ang kalagayan ng buhay ng tao ay maihahambing pa sa pagbubukangliwayway, ang katagang “Diyos” ay parang isang dagat na napakahirap tawirin maging sa pinakamatalinong nilikha. Ang tao noon ay walang ibang hinahangad kundi ang mabuhay nang matiwasay. Ang tao sa kanilang pakikipaghamok sa talad lakas ng kalikasan ay nagsilbing daan upang makalimutan nila ang Dakilang Lumikha. Talaga kayang may Diyos na makapangyarihan sa lahat? Ang ka tanungang ito ay para bagang ipuipo na humihigop sa katauhan ng tao at nag-iwan ng bakas ng agamagam at alinlangan. Ang katahimikan ng bawa’t pagkakahimbing ng tao ay ginagambala ng mga pangarap, pangarap na kung wariin ay walang hantungan sapagka’t magbanat man sila ng buto upang makamtan ang kasiyahan ay wala ring kabuluhan ang lahat. Ang tao ay makakatikim lamang ng tamis ng kaligayahan sa piling ng Poong Maykapal. Ang daloy ng karunungan ng ating mga ninuno ay umunlad nang sinakop tayo ng mga Kastila at noon naibsan ng kaunti ang ating pagkauhaw sa banal na pag-ibig ng ating Diyos. Bininyagan tayo’t binigyan ng pangalan kasabay ang halos pagputok ng ating dibdib dahil sa kaligayahang natamasa na tin ; ang kaligayahang siyang hinahanap-hanap natin sa karimlan ng ating kahapon. Ang pagiging anak natin ng Diyos ang siyang nagsisilbing ilaw ng bawa’t nanaisin natin. Hindi kaila sa ating lahat na hinding-hindi natin maiintindihan nang buong-buo ang katauhan ng Diyos sapagka’t ang gayon ay mananatiling isang hiwaga. Ang isang libot-isang hiwaga sa mundong ito ay biyaya ng Diyos at ma ging ang tao man ay isang nakarimarin 11a makasalanan; maging tayo man ay iwinawaksi na ng mad ia; niyuyurakan man ang ating dangal at iniismiran man ang ating kahirapan naroon pa rin ang Diyos na laging handa sa pagyakap at pagtanglilik sa mga taong kanyang kabutihan. Sa kasalukuyan ang bawa’t paguunlad ng iba’t-ibang bansa ay nagkaroon ng balakid sa pagtingin ng tao sa Diyos. Marami nang binhing itinanim na nagbunga sa kaisipan ng ibang tao. Hindi natin naililihim na laganap na ang kasamaan ng tao sa ibabaw ng mundo at ito’y nangngailangan ng isang kalutasan. Ang kasamaan ng isang tao ay parang isang lintang sumisipsip sa dugo ng kapwa. Kung sa unti-unting paglagas ng panahon ay mananatili pa rin ang katigasan ng puso ng tao malamang na darating ang takdang panahon na matatapos nang bigla ang lahat. Hin di natin kailanman matanggihan kung ibaba na ang tabing ng banal 11a dula na ating itinanghal. Pag-ibig... ito ang salitang ta nging kinauuhawan ng Diyos. Kung tayong tao ay nauuhaw sa la hat ng karanyaan ay lalong nauu haw ang Diyos sa ating pagibig sa pagka’t tayo’y mga anak Niya. Hindi ba ninyo naisip kung bakit siya’y isinilang? Siya’y naging tao upang Siya’y magiging bahagi ng ating mga pagtitiis at paghihirap at sa gayon ay maipamamalas Niya ang kanyang pag-ibig na walang halong pag-iimbot. Sa darating na pagdaraos ng ikaapat 11a dantaon ng pagiging Kristiyano ng Pilipi nas harinawang ang nadirimlang diwa ng tao at ang kanilang matigas na kalooban ay unti-unting maagnas sa patuloy at walang humpas na pagdaloy ng mga araw at katotohanang ipinupunla ng ating relihiyon. HIWAGA NG PAGIBIG ni Sinforoso E. Buenviaje, A.B. Commerce IV Isang kapangyarihang balot ng isang libo’t isang hiwaga ang iniiwasan ko’t kinatatakutan pa’g sumasapuso’y dulot ay kapighatian .... Bawat nilalang na sa Diyos ay nagmula’t biniyaya magsisilbing hain sa kanyang mga kandungan ay kaawa-awa .... Hindi tao, hindi hayop ang panawagan ay inakapangyarihan naguudyok, nagsasabing puso’y kusang bubuksan sa tamis ng pagsinta .... Kaya ako’y umaayaw tumatanggi, natatakot sa muling pagtibok niyaring pusong unsiyami nagmamaka-awa .... Xgunit ako’y balot 11a niya binabalisa, di-pinatululog sa isang wagas na pagsinta pikit-mata’ng paa-alipin sa ngalan ng pagibig .... March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Fifty-three Ang Kahalagahan ng Pananampalataya sa Ating Makabagong Panahon ni ELSA ALICANTE NAISATIT1K sa ating Banal na Aklat na “Aanhin ng tao kung mapasakanya ang sanlibutan kung mawawala ang kanyang tanging kaluluwa.” Kung ating susuriing mabuti ang mga lipon ng mga salitang ito ay masasabi nating talagang napakahalaga nga ng panampalataya lalo na sa makabagong panahon ngayon. Kung ating pagmasdan ang matataas na lipunan, makikita nating ang mga tao ay parang nagumon na sa masasamang hilig. Nakaligtaan na nilang mamumuhay sa malinis na paraan at sila’y nasa gitna na ng lusak ng pagkakasala. Nalimutan na nila ang dahilan ng kanilang pagkakabuhay sa daigdig, ang dahilan kung bakit sila’y ipinanganak dito sa mundo. Hindi na nila nalalaman na mayroon pang isang buhay na naghihintay, doon sa sinapupunan ng ating Poong Maykapal. Ang dahilan ng lahat na ito ay ang pagkukulang ng tao sa pagtupad sa mga utos ng Diyos, ang kawalan ng pagtulong ng mga tao sa Kanyang mga alagad na nag-aalay ng kanilang hirap at pagod sa pagpapaunlad ng ating panampalatayang Kristiyano. Kung ang Diyos na siyang pinagkakautangan natin ng lahat ay nagpakamatay upang tayo’y matubos sa ating mga pagkasala, tayo pa kayang mga tao lamang na Kanyang nilalang arig di magalay ng kahit kaunting pagtitiis upang ang Kanyang nais ay matutupad? Bakit hindi natin iwasan ang udyok ng pagkakasala? Bakit hindi natin iwaksi sa ating isipan ang kasamaan at sundin ang mabuting kaasalan na itinuturo sa atin ng pananampalataya? Ako’y naniniwala na ang mga kasamaang nakapaligid ngayon sa buong mundo ay maiiwasan lamang kung ta yong lahat ay magkaroon ng wastong pananampa lataya. Kahalagahan ng Pagdiriwang ng Ikaapat na Dantaon ng Pagiging Kristiyano ng Bayang Pilipinas n i VIOLETA ACRES, B.S.E. - IV ANG TAONG 1965 ay ang pinakamahalaga at pinakadakilang taon sa bawa’t puso ng mga mamamayang Kristiyano sapagkat sa taong ito ipagdiriwang ang ikaapat na dantaon sa pagiging Kristiyano ng bayang Pilipinas. Parang kahapon lamang na ang ating mga ninuno ay namumuhay sa pagiging mga pagano. Ang kanilang pagiging walang Diyos ay hindi nagsasaad ng isang tahimik at maningning na kinabukasan. Sila’y nahahalintulad sa mga taong nabubuhay sa di lim. Maaaring hanggang ngayon at tulad pa rin ng dati ang ating pamumuhay kung tayo’y hindi nasakop ng mga Kastila. Hindi kaila sa lahat na may mga taong nagkikimkim ng pagkamuhi sa mga Kastila. Itong dam darning ito’y hindi natin dapat pairalin sa ating mga puso sapagkat kung naging masungit man ang mga Kastila ay nakapagbigay naman sila ng mga kabuti han sa atin. Isa na sa pinakamahalagang abuloy nila sa ating kaunlaran ay ang ating pagiging Kristiyano. Ngayon darating na Abril ay ipagdidiriwang na tin ang pinakadakilang araw ng ating pagiging Kris tiyano. Sa mga araw na ito ay manananariwa na naman sa ating alaala ang kasaysayan ng ating bayan. Naaalala natin ang pagdaong ng mga Kastila sa ating lupain at ang pagbigay nila sa atin ng pa nanampalataya sa Dakilang Maykapal. Dapat din nating alalahanin na ang pagiging Kristiyano natin ang nagpapaiba ng ating pamumuhay. Kaya gagawin nating matagumpay ang pagdiriwang na ito sa abot ng ating makakaya. Lagi nating alalahanin na ang pananampalataya ay mahalaga sa buhay ng tao, at ang pagdiriwang na ito ay mahalaga sapagkat ito’y nagpapaalaala sa atin ng ating nakalipas. Ito’y kabahagi na sa ating buhay ngayon. Page Fifty-four THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 ni P.G.A. Sa gawing silangan ng ating daigdig Makikita’y pulu-pulong parang isinabog na mga binhi; Ang nanaka’y mga liping kayumanggi Mga lahing Pilipino ang kanilang taguri. Bawa’t pulo’y sagana sa luntiang halaman; Sagana sa isda ang bughaw na karagatan; Mabini ang simoy ng hanging amihan Na dumampi sa pisngi ng malawak na parang. Pcrlas ng Silanganan kung tawagin ng mga dayuhang Naakit pumarito’t naghasik ng kabihasnan, Upang ang mga Pilipino’y magmulat sa karunungan At gawing huwaran sa mga karatig-bayan. Iwinawagayway ang bandila ng iba’t-ibang kapangyarihan Sa hangad na maibsan ang tinik ng kawalang-muwang; Itinirik ang tanda ng Kakristiyanuhan Na halid sa atin ng isang dayuhan. Natuto tayong sumamba, sumampalataya Ng isang Diyos na nagbibigay-biyaya; Nalalaman nating Siya ang May-Likha Ng lahat ng kagandahang sa baya’y nangalipana. Namulat tayo sa katotohanang Sa lahat ng nilikha’y Siya ang Makapangyarihan; At ang buhay natin ay hiram lamang Kung kailan babawii’y Siya ang nakakaalam. Nalalaman nating ang tao’y pantay-pantay, At magiging alabok kung siya’y mamamatay; Kung ang tao’y matutong kumilala sa Kanya Sa Langit ay may naghihintay na Ligaya. Pananampalataya’y handog ng Maykapal, Gawin nating patnubay at nang di mabuwal, Halika’t luluhod tayo’t uusal ng dalangin ng isang pasasalamat sa biyaya Niya sa atin. ANG TINIG, ILAW AT DALANGIN Tinig: Sa mundo’y may panghaling Tao’y nakalimot Pinalabo ang isip Diwa’y pinahimbing Tinig ang panggising Sa isip na mahimbing. Ilaw: Ilaw na binusilak Kusang tumatanglaw Sa dilim ng dibdib. Dalangin: Dalangin ko’y ilipad mo Sa kaitaasan Upang makarating Sa Iyong paanan. March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Fifty-five “Ill MA COMMANDER”, “BRIGADIER GENERAL FRANCISCO LICUANAN, JR. VISITS CAMP LAPULAPU”, “USC ROTC TO ACT AS USHERS DURING THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION”, “T/SGT RAMON APURADO CAPTURED BY 41ST BCT TROOPS” DIE HARD RANGERS ATTACK ENEMY RADAR INSTALLATION IN BANAWA!”...........These are the headlines in this news report. These and others are what we are going to discuss in this issue. First, we shall take the headline news in their order of happening or chronological order. Ill MA COMMANDER HONORED Camp Lapulapu, Cebu City. .Jan 30 — A Review in honor of newly-promoted Brigadier General Silvino De Gema, Com manding General, III MA, was held here at 9:00 this morning. This was parti cipated in by elements of the Trainee Batallion and by representatives of the different ROTC units in Cebu City. The Diehards was represented by the 2nd pla toon of “Delta Company” and the WATC cadettes. Cdt. Lt. Francisco Alvcz was the Ex-0 (Executive Officer) of the platoon while Cdttc. Capt. Yolanda Siao led the WATC. USC ROTC TO ACT AS USHERS DURING THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Cebu City, February 2 — At a con ference called by Colonel Gutierrez, Com manding Officer of Task Force “Pilgrim”, in which Captain Aleonar and Cdt. Colo nel Rabuza was present, it was agreed that the Diehards together with other ROTC units of this city will act as us hers and group marshalls at the site of the forthcoming 1th Centennial Celebra tion of the Christianization of the Philip pines during the week long celebration. This means that the Diehards will have to show people their seats and control crowds at the Templete. by RUDY C. KINTANAR The "enemy" receiving last minute briefing from TSgt. Apurado the Directorate. This was before the attack. The Rangers discussing their attack strategy with TSgt. Ramon Apurado, the Directorate. Page Fifty-six THE CAROLINIAN. March-April, 1965 "All's clear. Advance!" That's what Cdt. Lt. Hermenigildo Pimentel, seems to be signalling to his men. Quiet, watchful, DEADLY! These, a Ranger must be. Here is a team advancing on the road towards their objectives. T/SGT RAMON APURADO CAPTURED BY 418t BCT TROOPS Sibonga, Cebu. February 17— While on the way from the city to the aggres sor’s headquarters in the mountains of Dumanjug at 2:00 this morning, S/Sgt. Ramon together with Cdt. Reynaldo Qui jano and Cdt. Frederick Castro was cap tured by 41st BCT Trainees defending the area from the aggressors. T/Sgt. Apurado was found attempting to smug gle to the aggressors important docu ments. He, and his companions were locked in the stockade of the defenders till morning. This was in connection with Exercise “Sagang” to test III MA Trainees and Troops here. Most of the Diehards officers led by the Corps Commander, Cdt. Colonel Reymundo Rabuza, participated in the Ex ercise either as enemy or defenders. The choice was left to them. The Command ant, Captain Oscar SV Aleonar, because of his talents and experience in the field of war was appointed Staff Umpire by the III MA Directorate. BRIG. GEN. F. UCUANAN, JR. VISITS m MA Camp Lapulapu, Cebu City. February 26 — Brigadier General Francisco Licuanan, Jr. visited III MA headquarters to day. Upon his arrival he was honored with a Review. The III MA Trainees Battallion and representative elements of the ROTC units in the city participated in the affair. A platoon of the "Delta Company” with Cdt. Capt. Dionisio Mancera as CO and Cdt. Lt. Eugene de los Cientos as platoon leader together with the WATC represented the Diehards. DIEHARD RANGERS ATTACK ENEMY INSTALLATION IN BANAWA! Cebu City, March 7 — Shortly before 2:00 this morning the stillness and dark ness in Banawa Hills were broken by repeated firings and the reddish light of a flare which illuminated the enemy radar station there. The planned attack of the Diehard Rangers on the installation was on. Ranger Teams were on the front, left, and right flanks of the enemy! Sud denly someone shouted, “Cease fire!” and the firing stopped and hubbub followed. Everyone wanted to discuss his role in the attack and the casualties he had. This seems a strange thing to do in real battle conditions. But this was only a mock battle and the bullets used were blanks although “live” bullets were used by some. The attack was a real one, but the radar station was not, and the enemy soldiers defending the installation were Diehards assigned by T/Sgt. Apurado to do so. This was one of the maneuvers of the Diehards. The three Ranger Teams which attacked the enemy were led by Corps Commander, Cdt. Col. Raymundo Rabuza, Cdt. Capt. Godeon Villaflor, and Cdt. Capt. Dionisio Mancara. The enemy led by Cdt. Major George Cabajar. T/Sgt. Ramon Apurado acted as the Directorate. CAPT. ALEONAR APPOINTED ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF DURING EXERCISE “SANAY” Cebu City, March 8 — Captain Oscar SV Aleonar, Commandant of the ROTC units of San Carlos University, was ap pointed Assistant Chief of Staff for the duration of country wide Command Post Exercise “Sanay”. Aside from him. S/Sgt. Bonifacio Ando, being a reserve officer and having knowledge in signal matters was detailed as Acting Adjutant and Wire Officer of the 5th Signal Battalion dur in the Exercise. “Sanay” is part of the country’s pre paration for any eventuality especially with the situation of the world at pre sent, and with the growing crisis in Viet nam. These were the highlights in the news. Now for more news ... WATC HOLDS EXCURSION IN MIRAMAR Cebu City, January 31 — “All work and no play makes Juan a dull boy,” it is said, so today, the WATC together with the officers of the Carolinian Corps of Cadets went on an excursion to Mi ramar Beach Resort. There, under the undulating palms and with the refresh ing sea breeze embracing them with her cool embrace now and then, they spent the day. OFFICERS HOLD VALENTINE BALL Eggeling’s Hilltop Garden, Cebu City. February 13 — The Valentine Ball of the Diehard Officers was held here from 8:00 P.M. till midnight today. Present at the affair were Colonel Pedro B. Bermejo, the Superintendent of all ROTC units in the III MA, Captain Aleonar, the Com mandant, and the ladies the officers deigned to invite to the affair. The evening was lovely and the offi cers danced with the multi-colored silent city sleeping before them. To many this affair will remain — a very memorable affair.” (Continued on page 58) March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Fifty-seven with the “whole day Sunday drill” being started? Will they get the STAR this year? These are the questions of the day. They shall be answered next semester. I guess that’s all folks. By the w ay, focusing <>ur sights ,on the “STAR” again, do you know how many Diehard cadets now carry on their shouldern the responsibility of winning or losing that coveted “STAR”? I bet you don’t. Let nic give you the figures. Of the 1,024 cadets that enrolled this semester', 973 now remaiin in the ranks. The others were dropped. There 973 <■adets are distributed as follow: FIRST YEAR BASIC .......... cadets SECOND YEAR BASIC .... . . 360 cadets FIRST YEAR ADVANCE . . 11 cadets SECOND YEAR ADVANCE 11 cadets WATC FIRST YEAR BASIC .......... . . 10 cadets SECOND YEAR BASIC .... . . 11 cadets Will these 973 cadets have the guits enough to last through the year especially The casualties? NO! These men are only resting after the tense, tiring night. COKRECT1ON In the article, “The Corps Sponsors”, which appeared in this Section, Miss Lourdes Capangpangan was mentioned as the fraternity sweetheart of the Builders. She is the sweetheart of the Archimedes Fraternity and not the Builders Fraternity, ac cording to Mr. Aurelio Fernandez, Jr. Archimedes Frat Grand Chancellor.— Ed. The USC Technological Center . • • (Continued from page 45) will be for the benefit of the stu dents. Under this program, the student must spend eight hours daily at school or 44-45 working hours per week. In line with the socio-economic program of the country the Tech nological Center will also establish a faculty housing project, modern dormitories, cafeteria, gym, audi torium and recreation facilities. | New roads and parks will be built, ; making the subdivision into a real | university town a few years from ; now. Although much remain to be done, the steps that San Carlos has advanced will eventually contribute to the economic progress not only of Cebu City but also of the entire country. INTRAMURALS ENDS WITH A THUNDERCLAP by MANUEL RAMS OCHOA U.S.C.’s BIG THREE in intra mural basketball gave heart-stopping performances in the hard court during the championship round that kept their fans on the edge of their seats, ogled-eyed and on their toes for several weeks. Ac counting, Gamma & Sciences wore involved in a closely-fought, neckto-neck battle for the elusive crown that made the nation’s Big Three (Crispa, Yeo, Ysmael) appear mincemeat for a moment. The Sciences live finally emerged victorious from the scuffle when they outslugged the hell-raising Ac countants, 59-41 in the rubber match. With one minute and thirty seconds left of the regulation pe riod and nursing a two-point cush ion, coach Bobby Barria of Sci ences ordered a time-killing freeze the ball that saw Accounting’s hopes frittered away at,.every tick of the seconds’ hand. It was a coaching duel from gun to gun be tween Jun Martinez of Accounting and Bobby Barria who both show ed their skills in court generalship. Both incidentally are varsity players. Barria’s magnificent 5—Alenten, Baguioro, Doblas, Gil and Satur was Sciences’ formidable weapon. Page Fifty-eight THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 neering football team bagged the championship even before the game began. Due to lack of players, the Commerce shinbusters had to “bor row” some opposition players. The game was ruled as an ex hibition, thus forfeiting the crown to the College of Engineering. The Students’ Employee Asso ciation registered their first cham pionship when they hammered down the highly rated toosers from the College of Commerce to a crush ing defeat to 2 sets: 15-12, 15-11. For those who thirst for news of the varsity quintet: The Warriors are undergoing a thorough face-lifting on the hands of drillmaster Danny Deen. The Old Reliables plus a hand ful of untried but rarin’-to-go ★ ★ THE LIBERAL ARTS TEAM Left to right: Arthur Sinugbuhan, Domin go Verano (intramural incharge), Priscillo Lumapas, Emmanuel Baguioro, Anna belle Lim (muse), Jude Dablas, Francis Alvez, Martin Gil, Eladio Cimafranca (ma nager). Kneeling: Romualdo AlentAn, and Rebecco Satur. Not in the picture: Coach Bobby Barria, Team Capt. — Don Calvo. ★ ★ E. Hernaez, who is small as can be but tough as nails, is one of the intramurals finest players. The re bound belonged to two men alone Martin Gil and Roberto Colina. devils in the rebound Gammacan boast of Roly Mendoza & D. Sollano and SEA of Suening and Aballe. Meanwhile, lost in the shadow of success cast by the implacable Big Three, was Dra. Mastin’s dou ble champion (softball & volley ball) Liberal Arts amazons who completely obliterated all opposi tion. The amazons of the greentied college swooped down on their foes like a pack of hungry wolves after the carcass of horse. And when the battle smoke lifted, Monte Cassino was nothing in compari son to the ruins left by these gals. But the Liberal Arts belles didn’t quite have a picnic. The opposi tion from Teacher’s College, Com merce and the Secretarial College gave them a run for their money. The volleyball team was coached by Miss Amosa Velez. On the other hand the College of Commerce softball team, managed by Rafael Mayol, smashed SEA’s pitching to smithereens to win, 12-5, with plenty to spare. Led by fire-balling B. Pascual and hard hitting Magallon, the Comerciantes sprayed hits on all fields — right, left and center. It was raining hits all over the field. Elsewhere, in football, the Engirookies will give other CCAA teams something to think about and per haps nightmares. GUESS WHO? (From the Fire Side of Basket ball taken from Baseball Magazine) Though sticks and stones His back may crack And bottles inundate his back’ the hardest names From men and dames Won’t jar his self-possession Though folks all call him “Jesse James” And crook and yegg and such like names And says he’s blind He doesn’t mind Now, what is his profession? March-April, 1965 THE CAROLINIAN Page Fifty-nine PIAYONK by VIVIEN ALIX Restless. All raring to go. To see more of what's beyond the classroom walls. (Sigh ...) it's been a long year. But, what does it matter? It's ending soon, anyway. Au Revoir. Sometime in May is D-Day. Eager young men and women will be leaving the portals of their Alma Mater to go, from then on, in separate ways. Some are going away. Others are coming back. And, there's no stop ping Lydia Escober. She's coming back, because: Much of the library has yet been unexploited. Burns and Sitwell and Pope and Blake. Books and everything good ... her first love. (Now Lyds, where does Cary Grant fit in here?) Let it be known that the former University "Student King" (1963), Roberto Carvajal, Pre-Medicine IV, is most probable to graduate "magna cum laude". Among those passing on to the College of Medicine are Prayong Pichairaksaphorn and Choti Theetranont. The "Thailanders" of the Pre-Med department. Prayonk and Choti are two of the ten Thai-student pioneers to USC. Oh, they, still, are shy. For the past three years, standing before a camera has been as much an ordeal each time as in the last. SCREWBALLS CREAMPUFFS Captivating ... is Eleanor Buenafe Chan! I have been captivated by enchanting almond eyes and a fascinating smile, revealed a friend. A scholar, declaimer, and student leader; such is this Pharmacy sophomore ... a rare combina tion of beauty and brains. My! More people are proving to be masters-of-all-trades these days. From the College of Engineering, for instance, is Raoul Briones. He writes. Needless, to say, he has had many literary contributions to the Carolinian. What is more, he can act. His performance in "The Cat And The Canary was remarkable! 'College of Engineering' implies a deep attachment to numbers. This, too? Quickly! Where do we look for two other Victoriano Cui's? Nothing mysterious. It's simply that Boy. the Most Exalted Brother of the Deltans and President of the SCCAC, USC Chapter, is vacating two presidential positions upon graduation. See, two in one. If you happen to glance her way, inevitably the second glance will linger. The third, fourth ... then, shall you find yourself thinking aloud, "Who is she?" "... Grace Galvez." 'Man is a creature with an upward glance.’ The upward glance is most evident in Frank Legazpi. His ideals are hitched to a star. It can't be otherwise; Frankie has made a second home of the library. It's a wonderful, small world, the library. I call on Lewelyn Hortillosa, Jennie Kimseng, and Nilda Castro to testify to this: That the wonderful, small world is filled with wonderful discoveries awaiting rediscovery. Someday, those whom I have called on to testify will find themselves on equal footing with Christopher Columbus, the REDISCOVERER of the New World. "Tantum Ergo Sacramentum Vener.. Do I hear Nena Chiongbian singing? May be Carmen Eugenio. It's Berf-Bordalba, this time. Gosh, the officers of different organiza tions are chanting hymns, preparing themselves for the Fourth Centennial Celebrations. The gigantic occurrence ever in the annals of the Christian Philippine history! It must be exciting! To see people of different races, nationalities, languages coverging at one place. Our place. Cebu. Thrilling! Thinking of the guests we may have at home. Fearful! What impression shall we give the foreign visitors? Will they like it here? We will never know. Not until .... Page Sixty THE CAROLINIAN March-April, 1965 • • • The Moderator’s In a Nutshell... “ALL CHRISTIANS who are aware of the true value of their Christian Faith have to agree that the greatest and most significant event in our history was the evangelization of our people, when we ‘turned to God from idols, to serve the living and true God’ (1 Thes 1, 9). ‘Thanks be to God for His unspeakable gifts’ (2 Cor 9, 15). It was our conver sion to Christianity that ushered us into the family of civilized nations” (Joint Pastoral Letter, Feb ruary 2nd, 1964). We are just a few days away from the historical event that has the whole nation a-foot, namely, the 4th centennial of the Christianization of the Philip pines. This celebration will be nationwide, but the center will be Cebu City where the Spanish mis sionaries began their work four centuries ago. In order to make the celebration of this Centenary as worthy as the occasion demands, the Catholic Hierarchy of the Philippines has decided to hold the following activities: 1. Send a petition to the Holy Father that he may deign a) declare the year 1965 a Jubilee Year for Philippines; thus, it will be a year of thanksgiving and of grace; b) confer the title of Minor Basilica on the Santo Nino shrine in Cebu City; c) grant the privilege of Canonical Coronation of the image of Santo Nino de Cebu, the image that was so closely connected with the first missionary endeavors of the Augustinians in these islands. 2. To hold in Cebu City, the cradle of Christianity in the Philippines, the Third National Eucharistic Congress from April 28 to May 2, 1965. 3. To bless the cornerstone of a seminary for the Philippine Foreign Mission Society, a missionary congregation which the Hierarchy has agreed to es tablished. The Catholic Church in the Philippines has gone a long way since the first missionaries introduced Christianity into this Archipelago in 1565. It was a crusade fraught with unspeakable sacrifices and hardships galore, and yet it was a most marvelous feat. If we cast a glance four hundred years back, we will realize that even before the turn of the 16th century, the zealous missionaries had already pen etrated such remote places as the Ilocos region, Ca gayan, Abra, Pangasinan and the Bicol region, not to mention the immediate neighboring provinces of Negros, Panay, Bohol, Leyte and the Island of Min danao. Thus we see that by the middle of the 17th century the missionaries, of different Religious Or ders, had already spread all over the Islands. This bespeaks the truly missionary and evangeli cal spirit that animated them to bring the people of this religiously fertile soil into the fold of Christ. The positive result of their missionary zeal can be gleaned from the fact that by 1579 Pope Gregory XIII erected the diocese of Manila as a Suffragan of Mexico. Then again, in 1595 three new dioceses were added, namely, Nueva Segovia, Nueva Caceres and Cebu, while the diocese of Manila was raised to the rank of an Archdiocese. As the Catholic Faith spread further and further throughout the Archipelago, more and more dioceses and ecclesiastical districts were erected, and with the erection of new dioceses, more and more vocations for the holy priesthood resulted. The missionaries built not only churches but also schools, hospitals, and orphanages. They not only taught the people religion but also introduced them to Western civilization. They also instructed them in the science of horticulture and agriculture as well as in animal husbandry. “Where the Friars were the tutors of the people, it was frequent for them to mingle in their sermons some useful lessons on agri culture, industrial and commercial affairs,” states the historian Retana. “We feel bound to show our sincere gratitude to Catholic Spain, and very specially to its Religious Orders. For they were the actual factors of our Fili pino Civilization, and they were the ones who really placed the foundations of our Filipino Nationality,” averred Archbishop Jose Maria Cuenco of Jaro. That the Christianization of the Philippines was foremostly the work of grace, is shown in the follow ing statistics: c o R N E R b) c) a) POPULATION: Inhabitants ...................... . . 28,866,476 Catholics (82%)............... 23 537 554 Non-Catholics (18%) ... 5,328,922 HIERARCHY: Archdioceses ................... 8 Dioceses ........................... 19 Prelatures......................... 11 Apostolic Vicariates . .. . 1 Parishes ........................... 1,581 Priests............................... 4,175 Diocesan ....................... 1,935 Religious ....................... 2,240 Religious........................... 8,406 Men ............................... 3,118 Women ......................... 5,288 INSTITUTIONS: Seminaries: Major.......... 14 Minor .......... 30 Seminarians: Majors ... 1,014 Minors . .. 2,785 Catholic Schools.............. 1,442 Enrollment ....................... 604.037 And thus we conclude with a quotation from the Joint Pastoral Letter: “Divine Providence has truly chosen our country to be the ‘light-house of Catholic ism’ in the Orient, as John XXIII said (Address to President Macapagal). We can apply to our people those words of the Lord to the Israelites: 'I will set my Dwelling among you, and will not disdain you. Ever present in your midst, I will be your God, and you will be my people’ (Lev. 26, 11-12).” (£>. yc/uMmfeld, VW#. Caroliniana Fragments--------------------------(Front inside cover) Editorial ________________________________________________ ' USC News______________________________________________ 2 Joint Pastoral Letter--------------------------------------------------------- ® The Santo Nino of Cebu-------------------------------------------------- 10 (Rosa C. P. Tenazas) Cebu and the Santo Nino--------------------------------------------------- 14 (Manuel S. Satorre, Jr.) A Quadricentennial Challenge For Catholic Philippines _ 18 (Corazon Ramirez Santos) Facts About the University of San Carlos------------------------20 Program of the Centennial Celebration----------------------------23 The Glass Menagerie---------------------------------------------------------25 (Manuel S. Satorre, Jr.) Pictorial Section------------------------------------------------------------- 27-34 Stranger in the Cool of Summer Night--------------------------------36 (Ricardo I. Patalinjug) Poetry______________________________________________________ 39 The Storm_________________________________________________42 (Nilda Mildred M. Castro) Curtains for the Invader---------------------------------------------------43 (Paterno F. Taclob, Jr.) The USC Technological Center__________________________45 (Anacleto G. Guanzon) National Progress And Our Technical Manpower Education __________________________________________ 46 (Arsenio D. Mesiona) Seccion Castellano_____________________________________48-51 Pilipino _______________________________________________ 52-55 ROTC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------56-58 Sports _____________________________________________________59 Screwballs 'n' Creampuffs_________________________________ 60 Moderator's Corner____________________ (Back inside cover) -th e Volume XXVIII Number 4 March-April, 1965 Cthe C A R O LI NIA N Printed by Catholic Trade School, Manila